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This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ The Bassets of High Wycombe Politics, Lordship, Locality and Culture in the Thirteenth Century Stewart-Parker, William John Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 23. Sep. 2021 The Bassets of High Wycombe: Politics, Lordship, Locality and Culture in the Thirteenth Century William John Stewart-Parker (Doctorate of Philosophy, King’s College London, 2013) For my family, old and new Acknowledgements I owe a deep debt to Professor David Carpenter for his tremendous help and encouragement, not only in the following thesis, but since my arrival as an undergraduate at King’s College London in 2005. I am grateful to my fellow PhD students in the King’s College London History Department who provided me with a simulating environment in which to exchange and discuss ideas. A special thanks to Robert Roberts for his assistance with creating the CD of images which accompanies the thesis. I would also like to thank the Arts and Humanities Research Council for their financial support. My greatest debt is to my family for all their support, without which this thesis would never have been possible, yet alone completed. In particular my father and mother, who, from inspiring me with visits to the castles of England and France as a child, through to assisting with proof reading this thesis, have been an unending font of encouragement. Bethan Cunningham merits special mention for living not only with a postgraduate student but also with various members of the Bassets of High Wycombe in her life for four years. She has been a constant source of constructive comments and belief in this thesis and in my abilities for which I am eternally indebted and grateful. This thesis will examine the careers of Alan Basset of High Wycombe and his descendants, in politics, government and society in the thirteenth century. Alan’s five sons boasted varied and dynamic careers: Thomas was a household knight and died on campaign with the crown; Gilbert, although a knight of the royal household, was driven into rebellion in the early 1230’s; Warin died defending his family’s honour in this rebellion; Fulk rose to become bishop of London; and Philip, despite taking part in Gilbert’s insurrection, was in royal service from the 1240’s, becoming Justiciar between 1261-1263 in the midst of the period of reform and rebellion. The research will add to the body of knowledge concerning the relationships between different layers of society both locally and across the kingdom, and demonstrate how service to the Angevin kings could establish a family’s fortune. The study will consider themes of family relationships, landholding, affinity networks, neighbourhood, ecclesiastical patronage and religious devotion, marriages and inheritance, including the role of the Basset women as wives, widows and heiresses in extending family networks, alongside individual careers in royal and church offices. The developing wealth and status of the Bassets of High Wycombe both individually and as a family will be set against the broader contemporary economic and social changes, affecting the knightly class in particular. The research is based on the unique corpus of charter material concerning the family. There is throughout the century an interesting division within the family between loyalists and rebels, which will illustrate issues relating to disinheritance and restoration, and the formal and informal mechanisms deployed in the pursuit of reconciliation. The research will furthermore examine the changing ideology of lordship itself - honour, duty, service and religious devotion- and the evolving relationship between lords and their tenants. Contents Part One: Thesis Genealogical Table: The Bassets of High Wycombe and their immediate family iv Maps Maps 1-4: The Development of the Basset Estate v Map 5: Geographic spread of the Bassets of High Wycombes’ charters vi Map 6: The Bassets in Essex vi Abbreviations used in Footnotes viii Introduction 2 Section One: The Bassets in Politics Chapter One: Land and Loyalty: the Career of Alan Basset 11 Chapter Two: Gilbert Basset and the Limits of Royal Favour 23 Chapter Three: Fulk Basset: the ‘shield’ of England 58 Chapter Four: Philip Basset: Rebellion to Rapprochement: 1234-1258 70 Chapter Five: The Bassets and the Period of Reform 1258-1264 80 Chapter Six: The Second Barons’ War and its Aftermath 98 Section Two: Lordship, Landholding and Local Society Section Introduction 116 Chapter Seven: The Establishment, Development and Consolidation of the Basset Estate 120 Chapter Eight: The Later Basset Estate 138 Chapter Nine: Household, Affinity and Local Society 163 Chapter Ten: The End of the Basset Estate 180 Section Three: The Bassets’ Cultural World Chapter Eleven: Piety, Prayers and Patronage 187 William Stewart- Parker Chapter Twelve: Chivalry, Warfare and Honour 194 Conclusion 203 Bibliography 208 Part Two: Appendices Appendix One: The Later Basset Charters Introduction 222 Calendar of the Later Basset Charters: ‐ Fulk Basset’s Charters 225 ‐ Philip Basset’s Charters 250 Appendix Two: The Lands of the Bassets of High Wycombe 2.1: The Basset Charters before 1250 and the ‘Later Basset Charters’ of the Bassets of High Wycombe 354 2.2: A Timeline of the major acquisitions of land/manors to the Bassets of High Wycombe 355 2.3: A calendar of the lands held by the Bassets of High Wycombe (1180-1271) 358 Appendix Three: Entries relating to the Bassets of High Wycombe in Glover Book A and B, Royal College of Arms, London 371 Appendix Four: Materials Relating to the Bassets’ Political Careers 4.1. Witnessing of Royal Charters by Gilbert Basset compared to Earls and other notable Curiales by regnal year 1234- 1241 373 4.2. Gilbert Basset’s time spent following the Royal Court 1234-1241 inferred from Royal Charter Witness Lists 374 4.3 Location, Date and Nature of Gifts from Henry III to Gilbert Basset 1234-1241 374 4.4. Gifts, quittances, pardons and wardships received by Fulk Basset 1242-1259 375 4.5. Royal Charters witnessed by Fulk Basset 1244-1259 377 4.6. Royal Charters witnessed by Philip Basset while on the Poitou campaign 1242-1243 378 4.7. Philip Basset Rewards for Service Compared to Witnessing of Royal Charters 379 ii William Stewart- Parker 4.8. The itinerary of Philip Basset during the King’s Absense in France 14 July 1262- 20 December 1262 381 4.9. Royal Charters attested by Philip Basset 1265-1271 382 4.10. Table of Gifts of game and quittances from communal summons received by Philip Basset from Henry III, 1265- 1271 383 Appendix Five: Materials Relating to Lordship, Landholding and Local Society. 5.1. Fulk and Philip Basset- Lands surveyed 1242-1243 for the Gascon Scutage 386 5.2. Individuals Identified from the Basset Charter Witness Lists 387 5.3. The Thirty Most Prominent Witnesses to the Charters of Alan, Gilbert, Fulk and Philip Basset 388 5.4. The lands of Philip Basset from Inquisition Post Mortem conducted from Feast of St Simon and Jude (6 November 1271) onwards 390 5.5. Dower Third claimed by Ela Countess of Warwick from the Bassets of High Wycombe inheritance and lands received in her settlement with Alina le Despenser and Roger Bigod (IV) 392 5.6. The lands of Alina le Despenser from Inquisitions Post Mortem conducted from Feast of St Barnabus (11 June 1281) onwards 393 CD of Images of the later Basset Charters iii Genealogical Table: The Bassets of High Wycombe and their immediate family Thomas Basset (d.prob 1182) m. Alice de Dunstanville Gilbert of Bicester (d.1205) m. Thomas of Headington (d.1220) Alan Basset of High Wycombe Isabel m. Engeline de Courtenay m. Philippa (d.1232) m. Alice de Gay 1. Albert de Grelley (d.1180) (d.1230) 2. Guy de Craon iv Thomas Eustachia (d.1216) m. Philippa m. Joan m. Alice m. Robert de Grelley (d. young) 1. Thomas de Verdun 1. Henry of Newburgh Reginald de 1. William Malet (d.1230) 2. Richard de Camville 2. Richard Siward Vautort (III) 2. John Biset Idoine de Gilbert Alina m. Drew Alice m. Thomas (d.1230) Fulk bp. of Warin (d.1233) Philip (d.1271) m. Camville m. (d.1241) m. de Montacute John de London m. Katherine de 1. Helwisa de Lovaine William de Isabel de (d.1216) Samford (d.1259) Montacute 2. Ela Countess of Longespée (II) Ferrers Warwick William Stewart-Parker William William de Gilbert Montacute Alan Gilbert Roger Nicholas Lawrence Alina (d.1281) m.
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