The Sangh Parivar a Reader

Critical Issues in Indian Politics

The Sangh Parivar A Reader

edited by Christophe Jaffrelot

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents

Introduction 1 Christophe Jaffrebt

THE MATRIX—THE RSS 1. RSS: Ideology, Organization, and Training 23 Walter K Andersen and Shridhar D. Damle 2. The RSS: A Hindu Nationalist Sect 56 Christophe Jaffrelot 3. The 'Sangha Citadel in Pune 103 Thomas Blom Hansen

WOMEN OF THE PARIVAR—THE RASHTRA SEVIKA SAMITI 4. Hindu Nationalist Women as Ideologues: The 'Sangh', the 'Samiti' and their Differential Concepts of the Hindu Nation 108 Paola Bacchetta 5. Heroic Women, Mother Goddesses: Family and Organization in Hindutva Politics 148 Tanika Sarkar vi • CONTENTS

6. The Gender Predicament of the Hindu Right 178 Tanika Sarkar 7. Sevikas in Thane City 194 Thomas Blom Hansen

RE-EDUCATING THE YOUTH—THE VIDYA BHARATI, THE VANAVASI KALYAN ASHRAM, AND SEVA BHARATI 8. Educating the Children of the Hindu Rashtra: Notes on RSS Schools l97 Tanika Sarkar 9. Hindu Missionaries at the Frontier 207 Thomas Blom Hansen 10. Hindu Nationalism and the Social Weifare Strategy: Seva Bharati as an Education Agency 211 Christophe Jaffrelot

IN THE POLITICAL ARENA: FROM THE BJS TO THE BJP 11. The Leadership and Organization of the Jana Sangh, 1951 to 1967 225 Bruce Graham 12. The BJP at the Centre: A Central and Centrist Party? 268 Christophe Jaffrelot

FEDERATING HINDUISM? THE VHP AND BAJRANG DAL 13. The Vishva Hindu Parishad: Structures and Strategies 318 Christophe Jaffrelot 14. The Bajrang Dal and Durga Vahini 335 Manjari Katju

THE BMS: A HINDU NATIONALIST LABOUR UNION 15. The Hindu Trade Union Movement in India: The Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh 342 Kiran Saxena 16. Work and Workers in the Ideologe and Strateeies of the BMS 355 Christophe Jaffrelot CONTENTS • vii

THE HINDU NATIONALIST APPROACHES OF THE ECONOMY 17. The Ethics of Hindutva and the Spirit of Capitalism 371 Thomas Blom Hansen 18. The Swadeshi Jagaran Manch: An Economic Arm of the Hindu Nationalist Movement 393 Isabelle Boutron

ORGANIZING THE DIASPORA 19. 'Far and Wide': The Sangh Parivars Global Network 411 Ingrid Therwath 20. The Vishva Hindu Parishad Abroad 429 Manjari Katju

Bibliography 436 Notes on Contributors 446