Index

A Amsinckia, 153 Abbott, John, 116, 117 Anaea, 65, 68 , 94 amathea, 93, 94 Acer negundo, 14 , 93–95, 251 Ackery, P. R. (Phil), 19, 21, 25, 33, 144, 218 Anartia jatrophae, 251 Actias luna, 237 Anartia, 65 Actinote, 19 Anatralata versicolor, 156 Adams, Michael, 33, 34 Andrewartha, H. G. (Andy), 249 Adaptation, 80, 157 architecture, 147 Adela flammeusella, 156 Anopina (), 152 Adelpha croaki, 97 Ant, arboreal weaver, 43, 44 Adelpha ixia leucas, 100 Ant-caterpillar interactions, 138, 208 Adelpha messana messana, 100 Anthene emolus, 44, 45 Adelpha phylaca pseudaethalia, 100 Antherosperma moshatum, 123 Adelpha radiata aiellae, 98 Anthocharis cardamines, 226 Adelpha serpa, 97 Anthurium, 17 Adelpha, 97, 100 Ants, vii, 11, 23, 42–45, 68, 121, 134, Adirondack Mountains, 103, 105, 106, 110 137–139, 206, 209, 252 Admiral, Red, 231 Apatelodes paratima, 100 Admiral, Weidemeyer’s, 232 Apatelodidae, 100 Adolfo Lopez Mateos (formerly Chamal), 67 Appalachian Mountains, 105, 116, 126, 161 African mopane worms, 111 Araújo, Aldo, 19, 21 Aglais io, 226 Archonias, 75 Aglais urticae, 226 Arctic, 241, 243–245, 254, 255 Agraulis vanillae, 19 Areniscythris brachypteris (Scythrididae), Aiello, Annette, 137 153, 154, 159 Åland island, 82–86 Argentina, 36–39, 120 Alexander, Martin, 107 Argyrophorus argenteus, 239 Alfalfa , 62 franciscana, 153 Allen, Geoff, 123, 124 Arhopala pseudocentaurus, 44, 45 Allred, Dorald, 153 Aricia, 224 Alpine, Butler’s, 236 longiflora, 62 Alston, Ralph, 66 Aristotelia, 184 Amado, Jorge 143 Arizona State University, 185 Amateur lepidopterists, 7, 8, 184 Armyworm, 1, 108 Amathusiine butterflies, 26 trialbamaculella, 184 Amazon Forest, 11, 15, 141, 142, 147, 208 Arp, Julius, 206 American Museum of Natural History Arsenura batesii, 98 (AMNH), xi, 28, 241 Arundinaria, 64 Amorim, Felipe, 208 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 259 L. A. Dyer, M. L. Forister (eds.), The Lives of Lepidopterists, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-20457-4 260 Index

Asparagus, 17 Blue jays, 4, 5 Asystasia, 253 Blue, Common, 226 Atlantic Forest, Bahia, Brazil, xi, 207, 208 Blue, Karner, 126 Atlides, 68 Blue, Large, 233 Austin, George, 27, 144 Blue, Long-tailed, 214 Australia, 123, 124, 129, 249, 250, 255 Blue, Silver-studded, 222, 223, 228 Autostichidae, 180 Blue, Western Pygmy, vii Blue, Xerces, 233 B Boggs, Carol, 249 Baeza (Ecuador), 24, 25 Bohart, Richard, 36 Bailey House Museum, Maui, 112, 113 Bollworm, pink, 179 Bailey, Edward, 106, 112–114 Boloria polaris, 243 Ball, George, 55 Boraginaceae, 153 Bamboo, 64, 235, 236 Borer, emerald ash, 103 Barbour, Michael, 36 Borer, European corn, 110, 115 Barca bicolor, 236 Borer, hop-vine, 110 Barr, Ralph, 246 Borer, potato stem,110 Barro Colorado Island, Panama (BCI), 70, Borges, Jorge Luis, 30 93–94, 137–139, 252 Botany, 13, 19, 64, 92, 96 Bates, Henry Walter, 20, 25, 74 Bothrops atrox, 70 Bathroom , 96, 97 Brachypterous, 153 Battus philenor, 62, 118 Braga, Laura, 210, 211 Battus polydamas, 211 Brakefield, Paul, 72 Battus, 62 Brand, Donald, 65 Beaman, John, 70 Brasília, Brazil, 205, 208, 210 Beccaloni, George, 25 Brassoline butterflies, 26, 27 Becker, Miriam, 21 Braulio Carrillo National Park, Costa Rica, Becker, Vitor Osmar, xii, 207 175, 255 Bedbugs, 11 Brazil, xi, 21, 24, 27, 120, 122, 142, 205–212, Beebe, William, 76 253 Beech, 67 Brazos River, TX, 61 Beetles, xi, 96, 102, 176, 206 Breedlove, Dennis, 252 Beirne, Bryan P., 218–220 Brephidium exile, vii Belém (Brazil), 24 Brewer, Jo, 233 Benson, Woody, 20, 76, 122 Brintesia circe, 191 Berenbaum, May, 120 British Museum of Natural History, 25, 33, 71, Berkeley, 33, 49, 50, 52, 55, 157, 158, 170, 165, 166, 207 178 Brooklyn, NY, 91, 93 Bethesda, MD, 254, 255 Brower, Jane Van Zandt, 5, 66 Biblis, 65 Brower, Lincoln P., 5, 107, 109, Biezanko, Ceslau Mario, 207 Brown , Meadow, 73, 87 Big Creek Reserve, Monterey Co., CA, 152 Brown Jr., Keith Spalding, 20, 21, 120–122, Big Panoche Gorge, San Benito Co.,CA, 152 208 Big Pine, Inyo Co., CA, 155, 158 Brown, Bill, 68 Biogeography, 33, 54, 65, 81, 224, 239, 254 Brown, Dorothy, 242, 243 Birch, Charles, 249 Brown, J. C., 53 Birdwing, 234, 237, 250 Brown, John, 152 Birdwing, Rajah Brooks’, 250 Brown, Richard L., 168, 178, 182 Bishop Museum, 112, 113 Bruce, Tommy, 242 Bishop, CA, 196 Brues, C. T., 66 Black-eyed peas, 62 Brussard, Peter, 109 Blechum pyramidale, 94 Brussi, Antonio, 208 Blechum, 94 Bucheli, Sibyl, 175 Blowflies, 4, 81 Buchholz, Otto, 244 Index 261

Buchmillar, Richard, 231 Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 21, 207 Buck S.J., Father Pio, 19 Cascadia, 236, 239 Buckeye, 6 Castanheira de Morais, Helena, 205, 208, 211 Buckner, Evi, 235 Castilleja, 155 Buell, Murray, 32 Castro, Fidel, 62 Burns, Ira, 57, 59 Catamarca, Argentina, 37 Burns, John, 166, 170 Catarina, TX, 58, 59, 61, 62, 64–66 Burton, John, 42, 44 Caterpillar parasitism, 14, 15, 44, 84 Busck, August, 165–166, 170 Caterpillar, v–vii, ix–xiii, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 13–16, Bush, George, 74 25, 60, 78, 83–85, 94–101, 108, 112, 134, Bushmaster, 147, 252 137–139, 141, 146–148, 189, 191, 197, Butcher, Marie, 192 198, 205, 208, 210, 211, 215, 216, 250, Butterflies, Arctic, 243 252 Butterflies, ithomiine, 76, 136 Caterpillar-ant symbioses, 138, 139, 141 Butterflies, v–vii, ix, xi–xiii, 3–8, 11, 12, Catesby, Mark, 116, 117 14–16, 23, 24, 26, 27, 31, 38, 39, 49, 57, CATIE Agricultural Station, Turrialba, Costa 59–76, 77, 79–85, 87, 91, 93, 95, 97, Rica, 135, 136 111, 121, 123–124, 127–129, 135, 136, Catocala, 4 139–143, 146, 147, 152, 187–190, Cepeda, Alina, 197–199 192–194, 197–200, 204, 206, 209, 213, Cerrado, 205, 208–211 214, 216, 217, 219, 220, 222, 224, Cerro Potosi, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, 70 226–229, 231–234, 236–239, 241–247, Chacon, Isidro, 142 249–255 Chai, Peng, 23, 144 Butterfly genome, 86, 87 Chamal colony, 67, 68 Butterfly houses, 127, 128 Chamalito, 68, 69 Butterfly, “Baby King George”, 188 Charaxine, 254 Butterfly, “King George”, 188 Checkerspot, 6, 74, 76, 82, 87, 189, 199, 244, Butterfly, cabbage, 188 252, 254–255 Butterfly, checkered white, 32 Checkerspot, Baltimore, 4–5, 254 Butterfly, cloudless sulfur, 59 Checkerspot, Bay, 244 Butterfly, Grayling, 220, 222, 223 Checkerspot, Cascade, 236 Butterfly, hackberry, 59 Checkerspot, Edith’s, 82, 87, 188, 192, 193 Butterfly, owl, 100 Checkerspot, Quino, 193 Butterfly, snout, 59 Chelone glabra, 4, 5 Chemical ecology, 5–7, 107, 208 C Chemistry, 6, 66, 208 California Channel Islands, 152 Chemsak, John A, 152, 156, 159 California, xiii, 6, 33, 49, 50, 53, 57, 75, Cheshire, 214, 225, 226 76, 151–155, 157, 158, 170, 188, 189, Chilcott, Jim, 245 192–195, 244, 255 China, 39, 44, 115, 120, 135, 235 Caligo idomeneus, 100 Chinese hook-tip, 235 Caligo, 254 Chionodes, 169 Caloptilia reticulata, 156 Chlosyne hoffmani, 236 Caloptilia, 156 Chlosyne, 236, 256 Camargo, Amabílio José Aires de, 208 Choristoneura (Tortricidae), 152 Cambirumeina, Colombia, 33–35 Chromosome evolution, 80, 87 Cambridge University, 165, 217, 226, 234 Chu, Janet, 235 Camin, Joe, 247 Cissia, 252 Camouflage, 99 Cithaerias pireta, 136, 137 Cardoso, Marcio Zikán, 23, 208 Cithaerias, 136, 137 Carnegie Museum, 61 Clade, 87, 115, 220 Carpatolechia, 180, 181 Cladistic analysis, 26 Carpenter, Hale, 73 Clarke, John Frederick Gates (Jack), 166–170 Carson, Rachel, 106 Clarke, Sir Cyril, 21, 125, 224 262 Index

Classey, Eric, 224 Cressida cressida, 249 Clench, Harry K., 61, 247 Crested Butte, CO, 232 Climate change, 82, 84, 105, 118, 123, 188, Creuddyn,Wales, 223 220, 224, 227, 234, 248, 249, 255 Cross, Earl, 245 Climate, 38, 67, 80, 114, 219, 223, 248 Croton bilbergianus, 137 Cloud forest, xi, xii, 66, 67 Croton, 138 Cockroaches, 11, 145, 209 Crow, Peter, 222 Coevolution, 66, 250, 251 Cryptic , 123 Coleoptera, 42, 206 Cryptic , 104, 118, 123, 128, 224 Coley, Lissy, 22 Ctenidae, 101 Colias boothii, 243 Culex macfiei, 214 Colias, 249,256 saronis, 44 Collecting, xii, 4, 26, 36, 41, 46, 52, 60, Curetis, 44 62–66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 79, 81, 93, Cycad, 70 112, 120, 121, 151–153, 158, 165, 173, d’Abrera, Bernard, 25 175–178, 205, 207, 208, 210, 215, 227, 228, 231, 237–238, 241, 243, 249, 254 D Collections, xi, 7, 26, 41, 66, 73, 129, 152, D’Almeida, Romualdo Ferreira, 206 156, 159, 165, 166, 171, 181, 207, 208, Daily, Gretchen, 254 234, 250 Danaus plexippus, 86, 192, 235 Collinsia, 198 Dapporto, Leonardo, 223 Colombia, 33–36, 93 Darwin, Charles, 20, 23, 29, 53, 165 Colorado State University, 6 Dasyophtalma vertebralis, 207 Colorado, 7, 52, 231, 237, 240, 243, 249, 255, Database, 108 Community ecology, 32, 36, 81, 107, 109, 255 Dataclysm, 228 Comparative morphology, 19, 23, 25 Davis, Donald (Don), 164, 166, 168 Compsilura concinnata, 244 DDT, 67, 91, 245 Connecticut, 93 De Benedictis, John A., 152, 155 Conservation ecology, 233 de Bienzanko, Ceslau Maria, 206 Conservation, 7, 14, 81, 86, 120, 129, 162, de Grey, Lord Thomas (sixth Baron 193, 207, 208, 232–234, 239, 247, 250, Walsingham), 165 255 Deganwy, Wales, 223 Conwy, 223 Dempster, Jack, 233 Copper Creek Valley, CO, 256 Denver, CO, 231, 232 Copper Lake, CO, 233 Derbyshire, England, 228 Copper, 188, 231 Dermatoglyphics, 213, 224 Copper, Bronze, 232 Descent with modification, 23 Copper, Mariposa, 239 Dethier, Vincent, 5, 109 Coral Harbour, Southampton Island, 242–243 Devensian, 220, 223 Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica, 136 Devon, England, 214–216, 237 Cordillera Central de los Andes, Colombia, 35 DeVries, Phil, 23, 26, 71, 142, 145–147 Cornell University, 55, 68, 107, 109–110, 166, Diamond, Jared, 250, 254 168 Diapause, 5, 33, 61, 83, 84, 115, 152, 156–158 Cosmopterigidae, 169 Dichomerinae, 169 Costa Lima, Angelo Moreira da, 206 Dietz IV, Robert, 153 Costa Rica, ix, xi, xiii, 24, 59, 66, 70, 74–76, Dilkea, 24, 25 96, 129, 135–137, 140–142, 145, 152, 170, Dingle, Caroline, 142 176, 254, 255 Diniz, Ivone Rezende, xi Cothill, Berkshire, England, 72 Diptera, 42, Cougar, 51, 54 Dipteryx panamensis, 137 Covell, Charles, 120 Dobzhansky, Theodosius, 72, 243 Crambidae, 156 Dolichoderus thoracicus, 43 Crematogaster, 43 Dove Valley, Derbyshire, England, 228 Creosotebush, 36 Doyen, John T., 153, 155 Index 263

Dracaena, 17 Eucereon latifascia, 99 Drepanidae, 235 Eudecatoma, 157 Dry Falls State Park, WA, 235 , 65 Dryadula, 65 Eumaeus deborah, 70 Duarte, Marcelo, 208 Eunica, 65 Duffey, Eric, 233 Euphorbiaceae, 137 Dulas Valley, Wales, 220, 221, 223 Euphydryas editha, 74, 82, 248, 252 Dune Lakes, San Luis Obisbo CO., CA, 154 Euphydryas eitha bayensis, 244 Dung beetle, 81 Euphydryas gillettii, 249 Dunn, Casey, 142 Euphydryas phaeton, 4, 5, 254 Durango, Mexico, 152 Euphydryas, 5, 74, 199, 249, 252 Durham (UK), 224 Euptychia westwoodi, 252 Durham University, 217, 223–225, 227 Euptychia, 252 Dyar, 166 Eurytomidae, 157 Dyer, Lee, 210 Eustema opaca, 211 Dynastor darius, 98, 99 Exeter University, Exeter, England, 215 Extinction threshold, 86 E Extinction, 28, 80, 81, 83–86, 123, 228, 232, Ecosystem, vi, 207, 210 233 Ectatomma ruidum, 138 Ecuador, xi, xii, xiii, 24, 25, 65, 141, 142, 146, F 147 Fabaceae, 137 Edwards, William Henry, 243, 255 Fascista cercerisella, 183 Ehrlich, Anne Howland, 192, 246–250, 253, Fecal throwing, 148 256 Feeny, Paul, 55, 107, 122 Ehrlich, Paul R., 6, 32, 66, 74–76, 82, 87, 109, Fenton, Jane, 234 141, 192, 199, 232 Fer-de-lance, ix, 70 Elder, box, 14 Ferguson, Douglas, 168 Eliot, Lt. Col. John, 26 Ferreira, Romualdo D’Almeida, 206 Ellis, Scott, 233 Ferri, Mario Guimarães, 19 Elton, Charles, 249 Ferro, Viviane, 208 Emden van, Helmut, 5, 224 Field, William D., 32 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 105 Fieldwork, 6, 22, 24, 25, 28, 49, 71, 73, 76, Emmel, Tom, 76 83, 120, 135, 138, 142–144, 145, 147, 165, Endemism, 33 170–171, 174, 175, 177, 178, 192, 195, Engen, Steinar, 143 207, 213, 226, 238 England, 25, 73, 106, 116, 165, 190, 197, 209, Filho, José Oiticica, 207 218, 219, 228, 233, 234, 249 Finca La Selva, Costa Rica, 75 English Channel, 215, 219 Finca Las Cruces, Costa Rica, 75 Epiblema rudei (Tortricidae), 153 Finca Murillo, Costa Rica, 175 Epinephele lycaon, 80 Finland, 80, 82, 85, 188–190 Erddig Hall, Wrexham, Wales, 214 Fisher, Ronald, 20, 72 Erebia epipsodea, 236 Flightless female, 154, 222 Erebia fasciatak avinoffi, 256 Flightless , 134, 151, 153–155, 159 Erebia mackinleyensis, 256 Florida Canyon, AZ, xii Erebia magdalena, 233, 239 Florida, 3, 57, 115 Erebia rossii kuskoquima, 256 Flos apidanus, 43 Erebia rossii, 243 Flos fulgida, 43 Erebia, 241, 245, 256 Flos, 43 Erebidae, 99 Fogg Jr., John M., 244 Establishment, 86 Foping National Nature Reserve, 235 Ethmia (Depressariidae), 152, 153 Ford, E. B., 66, 71–73, 217–220, 224, 227 Ethmia charybdis, 153 Fordyce, Jim, 143 Ethmiids, 152 Foster, Robin, 144 264 Index

Fox, Harold, 103 Glaucopsyche, 256 Fraenkel, Gottfried, 5 Godman, 165 Fragmented landscape, 83, 87 Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA, 153 Francini, Ronaldo Bastos, 208 Gombe, 252, 253, 255 Franclemont, John, 107, 168, 169 Gomez Farias, Tamaulipas, Mexico, 66–70 Freeman, H. A., 60 Gomez, Luis Diego 135, 141 Freeman, Tom, 241 Goodall, Jane, 252 Fregela semiluna, 211 Gothic, CO, 232, 233 Freitas, André V. Lucci, 27, 208 Gracillariidae, 159 Fresno, CA, 195, 197, 198 Grant, Verne, 20 Fritillary butterfly, Glanville, 81–83, 85–87, macleayanus macleayanus, 123 188, 190 Graphium macleayanus moggana, 123 Fritillary butterfly, Marsh, 200 Graphium marcellus, 255 Fritillary, Gulf, 62 Grazia, Jocélia, 19 Fritillary, Heath, 237 Great Lakes region, North America, 115, 116, Fritillary, Regal, 32 118 Fritillary, Silver-bordered, 232 Great Orme’s Head, 218–222 Front Range, CO, 232 Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 170, Fruit-feeding, 140, 142, 143 175 Fungi, mutualistic, 7 Greeney, Harold 141, 142 Funk, Chris, 142 Green-veined White, 226 Futuyma, Doug, 22 Greig, Nancy, 23 Grotan, Vidar, 143 G Grout, Charlotte Bailey, 106, 112–114 Gaillardia, 91 Guanacaste Conservation Area, xii Gall-inducers, 179 Guerra, Rodney, 142 Gap Analysis, 234 Guerrero, Mexico, 152 Gara, Robert, 233 Guilford, CT, 91–92 Garden Tigers, 216 Gulf of Finland, 85 Garza Cocha, Ecuador, 141–142 Gusaneros, xii, xv Gecko, 95, 121 Gutierrezia, 153 Gecko, forest, 95 Gyllenberg, Mats, 81 Gelechia, 179 , 168, 169, 175, 178–182, 184 H Gelechioidea, 153, 166, 168, 181 Haber, Bill, 144 Gene flow, 105 Habitat destruction. See conservation Generalist (trophic), x, 16, 83, 108–110, 128, Habitat loss, 128, 159, 232 209, 210 Habitat, 3, 4, 8, 14, 15, 66, 81–83, 86, 139, Genetic introgression, 105, 128 178, 179, 189, 224, 227, 229, 234, 235, Genetics, 19–22, 52, 70–72, 80, 220 238, 249, 255 Genitalia, 20, 27, 32, 33, 163, 164, 166, 178, Hairstreak, 43, 68, 247 180, 181, 191, 201 Hairstreak, great purple, 62 Genome, 86, 87 Haldane, J.B.S., 20 Gentry, Al, 144 Hall, E. Raymond, 246 Geometridae, 123, 155 Hallwachs, Winnie, x, 96 Gilbert, Christine, 75, 76 Hamadryas iphthime, 100 Gilbert, Larry, 22, 24, 191, 192, 199, 242, 252, Hamadryas, 65 253 Hamburg, David, 252 Gillham, Nick, 244 Hammer, Bill, 244, 248 Giuliani, Derham, 154, 155 Hammond, Paul, 239 Glaciation, 115, 218–220 Hanski, Ilkka, 189, 244 Glan Conwy, 222 Harbison, Charles F., 151 Glaucopsyche lygdamus, 252 Hardy, Peter B., 229 Glaucopsyche xerces, 233 Harrison murder, 67, 70 Index 265

Harrison, Frank, 66–67 Hovore, Frank, x–xii Hartington, Derbyshire, 228 Howarth, Grahame, 233 Hasbrouck Collection, Arizona State Hudson Bay, 242, 243 University, 184 Hughes, Sally, 234 Hatch, Melville, 233 Hurricane Katrina, 26 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 129 Hutton, Angus, 234 Hayward, Kenneth, 38 Hyalophora, 109 Heath, John, 233 Hybrid speciation, 115, 129 Heliconia latispatha, 100 hybrids and hybridization, 18, 93, 95, Heliconiine, 23, 24, 65 104–105, 113, 114, 118, 128 Heliconiini, 23, 26 Hylephila phyleus, 41 charithonia, 64 Hymenoptera, 42, 206 Heliconius erato, 253 Hypolycaena erylus, 44 Heliconius ethilla, 242, 252 Hyponephele lycaon, 80 Heliconius ismenius, 68 Hypsochila, 37 Heliconius melpomene, 86 Heliconius, 19, 22, 23, 25, 64, 65, 71, 76, 199, I 224, 252 Ilam, Derbyshire, 228 Heliocarpus, 97 Inbreeding, 81, 85, 189–191 Heliodinidae, 154 Inga, 69 Helsinki, Finland, 81–82 on stamps, 116, 117, 120 Hemileuca, 51, 54 Instituto Miguel Lillo, National University of Heraclides hectorides, 21 Tucuman, Argentina, 36 Herbivore-plant interactions, 14 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia Herbivory, 14 (Brazil), 24 Herrera, Jose, 32, 36, 38 Inuit, 242, 243 Heslop-Harrison, J. W., 218, 219 Invasive species, 14, 126, 170 Hesperia, Ecuador, 65 Inverness, Marin Co., CA, 152 Hesperiidae, 27, 140 Ireland, 220, 224 Hesperoyucca whipplei, 156 Iridoid glycosides, 5–7, 83 Heswall, Cheshire, England, 214 Irises, 91 Hewes, Laurence Ilsley, 231 Iserhard, Cristiano Agra, 208 Hill, Ryan, 142 Island biogeography, 81, 224 Hilltopping, xi, 123 Islands, 59, 82–86, 112, 113, 115, 152, 154, Hinton, Howard, 20 224, 227, 254 Hipparchia fagi, 191 Isles of Scilly, 73 Hipparchia semele thyone, 220, 222 Ho Chi Minh Trail, 46 J Hodges, Elaine, 169 Jae, Ray, 231, 232 Hodges, Ronald (Ron), 168, 169, 175, 179 Janzen, Daniel (Dan), x, xii, 70, 96 Holdren, Cheri, 249 Jasper Ridge, Stanford, CA, 76, 82, 87, Holdren, John, 249 247–249, 252, 255 Holdridge, Les, 75 Jatun Sacha Biological Station (Ecuador), 25, Holland, W. J., 3, 63, 231, 237, 243 141 Holm, Dick, 247 Jeffers, Jack, 231 Holocene, 219, 220, 223 Johnston, Marshall, 66 Hop tree, 117 Jones Creek, TX, 58, 60 Hope Collections, 73 Jordan, Karl, 20, 170 host plants, 4, 5, 22–24, 36, 44, 59, 60–64, Joshua Tree National Monument, CA, 153 77, 82–84, 109, 110, 123, 146, 200, 210, Jost, Lou, 143 232, 234 Junonia coenia, 6 Hosta, 91 Hovanitz, William, 65 266 Index

K Lees, Frank Henry, 215, 216, 229 Kabila, Laurent, 253 Lemuria, 53, 54 Kain, Doug, 52 Leningrad, 71 Kaminski, Lucas Augusto, 208 Leopold, Aldo, 114, 255 Kangwon National University, South Korea, Lepesqueur, Cintia, 210, 211 176, 177 Lepidium, 36 Kansas, 245, 246 , vi, xi–xiii, 6–8, 11, 13, 15, 27, Kendall, Roy O., 60 32, 41, 42, 80, 82, 87, 91, 96, 98, 109, 111, Kettle, D. S., 214 114, 115, 120, 122, 127, 129, 135, 152, Kettlewell, Bernard, 71 164, 165, 167, 169, 170, 175, 178, 182, Kierkegaard, Soren, 31 184, 205, 208–210, 213, 216, 222, 232, Killingworth, CT, 91, 93, 101 233, 237, 247, 255 Kindrogen Lodge Field Centre, Scotland, 219 Lepidopteran pests, 127, 170, 176, 179, 187 Kingdom of Mu, 53 Lepidopterists’ Society, 155, 165, 170, Kings Canyon National Park, CA, 188, 197 232–233, 238, 241, 244, 247, Klots, Alexander B. (Bill), 3, 20, 63, 231, 233, Lepidopterists, 8, 32, 49, 54, 60, 78, 80, 83, 237 85, 87, 103, 105, 134, 150, 162, 165–166, Knapp, Sandy, 25 185, 203, 205, 207, 212, 215, 220, 223, Koeberlinia, 59 231–232, 238, 241 Kolana ergina, 211 Leptidea, 224 Kricogonia, 59 Lethe albolineata, 255 Kristensen, Niels, 26, 27 Lethe portlandica, 64 Kuussaari, Mikko, 83 Letourneau, Deborah, xiii Kyle Canyon, Spring Mountains, Clark Co., Leucanella memusae, 211 NV, 157 Levins, Richard, 81 Lewinsohn, Thomas, 22, 122 L Lewontin, Dick, 249 La Joya de Salas, Mexico, 68–70 Libytheana bachmanni, 63 La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica, 140, Life history strategy, 158 175, Lilies, 91 Labine, Pat, 74, 249 Lima, Costa, 206 Lagniappe, 139 Lincoln, David, 6 Lande, Russ, 27, 142, 143 Linneaus, Carl, 107, 117 , 64 Lithariapteryx elegans, 154 Lao People’s Democratic Republic (LPDR), Little Orme’s Head, Wales, 218 41, 42 Lizard, horned, 59 Laos, 41, 45, 46 Local extinction, 83–86, 232 LaPierre, Louis, x Louisiade Archipelago, 237 Larval feeding stimulants, 5 Love-in-a-mist, 91 Larval morphology, 41 Lupine, 252 Las Alturas, Costa Rica, 141 Lycaena mariposa, 239 Lasiommata megera, 226 , 19, 41–43, 45, 136, 140, 246, 252 Latitudinal graident, 109, 123 Lycia zonaria, 222 Lauca National Park, Chile, 35 Lyside, 59, 61 Lauraceae, 109 Lysinger, Mitch, 146 Leach, William, 213, 227, 243 Leaf mine, 156 M Leaf miner, 156, 179 MacArthur, Robert H., 33, 81 Leaf miner, tomato, 179 Macfie, J. W. S. (Jack), 214 Leaf rollers, 179 Machimia tentoriferella, 179 Leaf shelter, 43, 146, 147 Mackie, R. A., 156 Leaftiers, 179, 184 MacNeill, Don, 152 Lederhouse, Bob, 127 Maculinea arion eutyphron, 233 Leeches, 124 Maidencombe, Devon, England, 215 Index 267

Malaria, 42, 45, 254 Migration, 61, 63, 224, 235, 238 Mallet, James (Jim), 25, 74 Miles-Moss, Rev. Arthur, 25 Malvaceae, 97 Miller, Alden, 33 Mamancanaca Valley, Colombia, 34, 35 Miller, Bill, 247 Manaus (Brazil), 24 Miller, Jim, xi Manchester Grammar School, 225 Miller, W. E., 152 Manchester, England, 225, 226, 228 Milwaukee Public Museum, 26 Maniola jurtina, 71, 73, 226 Mimicry, 7, 20, 42, 70, 73, 74, 118, 126, 235, Maple, 67, 115, 140 253 Marbled White. See “White, Marbled” Mississippi Entomological Museum, 178 Marini-Filho, Onildo João, 208 Mississippi State University, 182 Mariposa, 152, 232, 235, 239 Moffett, Thomas, 117 Marks, Peter, 109 Mojave Desert, 153, 157 Marpesia, 76 Monarch, 86, 127, 128, 188, 232, 235, 237, Marquis, Robert (Bob), 22, 210 238, 244 Martin, Paul, 65–67 Monarch, Truk, 255 Martinez, Edda, 178 Monks Wood Experimental Station, 233 Mast, Christine, 74 cytisella, 183 Masters, John, 234 Montpellier, France, 188, 191, 197 Mayr, Ernst, 20, 243 Morais, Ana, 120 McBride Springs National Forest campground, Morales, Nicholas, 66, 68 CA, 49, 53 Moreira, Gilson R. P., 208 McBride, Lindy, 197 Morpho peleides, xiii McCormick, Jack, 32 Morpho, 26, 65, 68, 74, 254 McFarland, Noel, 247 Morris, Michael, 233 McHarg, Ian, 32 Mosquito, 13, 14, 18, 35, 96, 97, 138, 165, McQuillan, Peter, 123 214, 238, 254, 256 McWhirter, Kennedy, 73 Moth Photographers Group (MPG), 181 Meadow Brown butterfly, Dusky, 80, 87 Moth, Angoumois grain, 179 Meadow Brown, 73, 226 Moth, bathroom, 96, 97 Medina Hay-Roe, Mirian, 23 Moth, brown-tail, 244 Megalopygidae, 100 Moth, cecropia, 244 Melitaea cinxia, 82, 190 Moth, Death’s Head Hawk, 216 Mellichamp, Larry, 144 Moth, Eyed Hawk, 216 Membracidae, 93 Moth, flightless. See Flightless Merchant, A. J., 220 Moth, gypsy, 14, 126, 127 Merton, Thomas, 114 Moth, Hemileuca. See Hemileuca Mesoscia dumila, 100 Moth, light brown apple, 151 Metabolites, secondary, 7 Moth, luna, 11, 237 Metapopulation, 79, 81–87, 244 Moth, potato tuber, 179 Metcalfe, J., 163 Moth, Privet Hawk, 216 Mexico, xii, 16, 38, 60, 61, 65–67, 70, 74, 76, Moth, prodoxine, 152 93, 107, 116, 122, 150, 152, 169, 174, 237, Moth, promethea, 244 246, 255 Moth, tiger, xi, 72, 151 Meyrick, Edward, 163, 166 Moth, winter, 153–155 Michaelis, Hugh, 222, 223, 225, 229 Moth, yucca, 152, 156, 157 Michener, Charles (Mich), 241, 245, 246 Mount Shasta, California, 49, 51–54 Michoacán, 237 Mountain lion, 50–54 Microlepidoptera, 151, 153, 154, 163–171, Mounting, 164, 173, 174, 178, 241 174, 177–179, 181, 206, 233 Mourning Cloak, 231 Micromoths, 173, 174, 177, 184–185 Mullein-pink, 91 Midway Islands, 59 Murphy, Dennis, 255 Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrick, 21, 207 Museo Nacional, Costa Rica, 135 268 Index

Museu Anchieta, 19, 28 Oecophoridae, 169 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Oecophylla smaragdina, 44, 45 University, 95 Oecophylla, 44, 45 Museum, xi, 6–8, 11, 19, 20, 26, 28, 57, 60, Oeneis, 256 77, 81, 93, 138, 140, 152, 158, 166, 207 Oliveira, Evandro, 23 Mutualism, 42 Oliver, Fredrick Spencer, 53 Olivieri, Isabelle, 191 N Olympia Marble, 232 Nabokov, Vladimir, xi, 135, 236 Onore, Giovanni, xi Nant-y-Gamar, Wales, 218 Operophtera, 155 Nasturtium, 91 Opler, Paul A., 152, 156, 234, 235 Nathalis iole, 239 Opsiphanes cassia, 251 National Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Opuntia, 91 Museum (UFRJ), 206, 207 Orange-tip, 216, 226, 228 National Museum of Natural History (USMN), Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS), 66, 153, 164, 165, 168–170 70, 75, 76 National Museum of Rio de Janeiro (MURJ), Origins, 105, 108, 113, 118, 193, 223–225, 206 228 National Science Foundation (NSF), 6, 106, Orthosia hibisci, 32 127 Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica, 70 Natural enemies, 14, 148 Osario, Juan, 70 Natural history, 4–5, 7, 19, 27, 28, 57, 59, 63, Osborne, Fairfield, 254 70, 83, 107, 128, 149, 151, 206, 216, 239, Oso Flaco sand dunes, San Luis Obisbo Co., 255 CA, 154 Nault, Skip, 122 Ostrinia nubilalis, 115 Nelson, Craig, 65 Otero, Luiz Soledad, 120, 207 Neotropical forest, 27, 69 Owen, Denis, 224 Neotropics, 64, 66, 93 Oxford University, 66, 71, 74, 81, 107, 218, Neruda aoede, 24, 25 225, 233 Nevada Test Site, 153 Oxford, England, 73, 81 Nevada, 255 Oxytenidae, 100 New Jersey Pine Barrens, 32 Oxytenis modestia, 99 New Jersey, 12, 14, 254, 255 Oxytenis naemia, 100 New York State, 105, 106, 113–116, 118 New York, xi, 11–13, 58, 91–93, 241 P Nieminen, Marko, 83 Painted Lady, 4 Nigella damascena, 91 Panama, 24, 65, 70, 93, 97, 100, 101, Nishida, Ritsuo, 125 138–139, 165, 255 Noctuidae, 4, 32, 108 Panaxia dominula, 72 North American Butterfly Association, 8 appalachiensis, 104 Northern Insect Survey, 241 Papilio canadensis, 104–105 Nueces River, TX, 58 Papilio eurymedon, 236 Nutritional ecology, 108, 129 Papilio glaucus canadensis, 104 Nye, Bill, 77 Papilio glaucus glaucus, 123 , 4–5, 94, 97, 99, 100, 137 Papilio glaucus, 4, 107, 111, 116, 117, 119, Nymphalids, 140 122 Nymphaline ground plan, 71 Papilio hectorides, 21 Nymphaline, 68 Papilio machaon aliaska, 255 Papilio machaon oregonia, 236 O Papilio multicaudatus, 236 Oakley Hall, Market Drayton, Shropshire, Papilio polyxenes, 58, 60 England, 214 Papilio pyrrha, 19 Ochlodes sylvanus, 226 Papilio rutulus, 124 Odontiinae, 159 Papilio scamander, 122 Index 269

Papilio troilus, 109, 120, 122 Piñas Rubio, Padre Franisco, xi Papilio turnus, 107, 118 Pinning, 120, 173, 174, 176, 178, 181, 185 Papilio zelicaon, 236 Pinto, John, 154 Papilio, 103–104, 107, 111, 113, 115, 118, Plant, Colin, 215 122, 124, 127, 256 Plantaginaceae, 4, 5, 250 Papilionidae, 109, 120, 123, 140, 249 Plantago lanceolata, 82 Papilionoidea, ix Platycerium alcicorne, 19 Papua New Guinea (PNG), 234 Plaumann, Fritz, 206, 207 Paradichlorobenzene (PDB), 231, 244 Plebejus argus caernensis, 220, 222 Paraponera clavata, ix Pleistocene, 33, 115, 116, 219 Parasitoid, 7–8, 15, 84–85 Plotkin, David, 178 Parasitoid, braconid, 83–84 Plummers Island, 167, 169, 170 Parasitoid, tachinid, 44, 244 Podocarpus, 67 Parasitoid, wasps, 157 Podotricha telesiphe, 24, 25 Parasitoid-host interactions, 14 Pogue, Mike, 166 Park, Kyu-Tek, 178 Point Reyes, CA, 153 Parmesan, Camille, 188–191, 193–194, Pollard, Ernie, 233 196–198 Pollinator, 7 Parnassius eversmanni, 255 Polyommatus icarus, 226 Parnassius glacialis, 235 Pontia protodice, 32 Parnassius, 243, 249 Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Parque Nacional Corcovado, Costa Rica, 136 xii adenopoda, 65 Poole, Robert, 168 Passiflora, 23, 24 Population viability, 86, 87 Pathogen, 7, 8 Port wine glasses, 165 Patrick, Ruth, 244 Portulaca, 91 Patterson, Bob, 181 Poulton, E. B., 73 Paulus, Trina, 114 Poveda, Luis, 144 Peacock, 226 Powell, Jerry, 49, 234 Pearson, Henry Richard, 207 Predation, ix, 253 Peccary, collared, ix, 59 Predator, ix, 7, 8, 42, 50, 54, 83, 138, 209 Penz, Carla, 144 Prepona laertes, 68, 69 Penzance, 73 Preston, Floyd, 256 Peppergrass, 36 Preston, June, 256 Periplaneta americana, 95 Price, Peter, 209, 210 Perry, Don 140 Prince Phillip, 73 Peters, T. Michael, 13 Prodoxids, 156 Phenotypic plasticity, 36 Prodoxus cinereus, 156 Phereoeca allutella, 97 Prodoxus y-inversus, 157 Phigalia, 155 Prodoxus, 156–158 Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, 32 Prolonged diapause, 152, 156 Phobetron hipparchia, 211 Proteaceae, 210 Phoneutria boliviensis, 101 Prusiner, Stan, 53 Phyllocnistis populiella, 156 Pseudodirphia eupanamensis, 100 Phylogeny, 23, 26–27, 164, 184, 208, 245 Pseudosphinx tetrio, 3 Phylogeography, 33 Ptelea trifoliata, 117 Pickering, John, 95 Puna, 35, 37, 38 Pierce, F., 163 Purple Emperor, 216, 237 Pierid, 32, 33, 36, 38, 39, 75, 140 Pyle, Thea Linnaea, 234 Pieris “napi” oleracea, 33 Pieris napi, 33, 226 Q Pieris rapae, 255 QinLing Mountains, China, 235 Pieris virginiensis, 33 Quaternary, 220, 224 Pikku Tytärsaari (PT), 85 Queen Elizabeth, 73 270 Index

Querci, Orazio, 32 Saliana, 149 Quercus agrifolia, 156 Salix nigra, 14 Quintero, Diomedes, 96 Salsola, vii Salvin, 165 R San Bernard River, TX, 60, 64 Rab Green, Suzanne, xi San Diego Natural History Museum, 151 Rabbitbrush, 235 San Diego, CA, 156, 170, 194 Racism, 242, 246 San Luis Potosi, Mexico, 65, 76 Rancho Cielo, 66, 68, 74 Sanderson, Ivan, 65 Ranunculus, 159 Sandia mcfarlandi, 247 Rapoport, Eduardo, 38 Sandia Mountains, NM, 247 Raven, Peter, 66, 109, 250 Sansevieria, 17 Raw, Anthony, 209 Sargent, Ted, 4 Recolonization, 86 Sassafras, southern, 123, 124 Redbud, 183 Saturniidae, 98–100, 109–111, 208 Redfield, James, 114 Satyr, Mitchell’s, 126 Refuges, 219, 220, 224 Satyr, pearly eye, 64 Rego Barros, Alfredo Rei do, 206, 207 Satyr, silver, 239 Rehn, James A. G., 244 Satyr, white-lined, 235 Reis, Roberto, 21 Satyrid, pronophiline, 33 Reliquia santamarta, 33–35 Satyrids, 33, Remington, Charles, 232–234, 249 Satyrinae, 136, 137, 234, 252 Remington, Eric, 233 Sceptea aequepulvella, 180 Resource-based habitat, 227 Schaus, 166 Rhapis, 17 Scherrer, Scheila, 210, 211 Rhos-on-Sea, Wales, 218, 219, 221 Schlichta, J. Gwen, 15 Rhyacionia (Tortricidae), 152 Schmieder, Rudolph (Rudi), 32, 36, 38, 244 Ribeiro, Danilo Bandini, 208 Schneider, Steve, 254 Riley, C. V., 156 Schwanwitsch, Boris, 71 Rio Comadante, Mexico, 67 Schwartz, Eric, 142 Riodinidae, 27, 136–141 Sclater, Philip Lutley, 53, 54 Roach, American, 95, 96 Scoble, Malcolm, 148 Robbins, Robert (Bob), 137, 166 Scotland, 219 Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Scott, James, 233 (RMBL), 232, 233, 243, 249, 252, 254, Scriber, DeBlance, 103, 105, 106, 113, 114 256 Scriber, Mark, 22, 103, 117, 127 Rodriguez, J. G., 108 Scrophulariaceae, 250 Roelofs, Wendell, 107 Scudder, Samuel Hunter, 4, 161, 228, 243, 246 Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, 120, 208 Scythrididae, 154 Root, Richard, 107 Sea levels, 219 Roses, 91 Seasonal polyphenism, 33, 36 Rosy Footman, 216 Secondary chemistry, secondary metabolites, Roupala montana, 210 6, 14, 108, 109, 138, 157, 250 Rowton Hall, Chester, England, 214 Sequestration of toxic compounds, 5 Royal Family, 73 Sequoia National Park, CA, 192 Rubinoff, Dan, 51 Serendipity, 152, 214, 217 Rude, Paul, 152 Serra Bonita, Brazil, 207 Russia, 37, 39, 80, 85 Sette, Elton, 247, 248 Rutaceae, 117 Sexual dimorphism, 225 Shapiro, Arthur (Art), 107, 109, 213 S Sharpe, Grant W., 233 Sackler, Arthur M., 16 Sheppard, Philip, 71, 199 Saether, Bernt-Erik, 143 Shropshire, 214 Index 271

Siderone nemesis, 68 Stebbins, G. Ledyard, 20 Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico, 65, 68, 70, 152 Stermitz, Frank, 6 Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, Stinging caterpillars, xiii 33–35 Subspecies, 104, 118, 123, 128, 219, 220, 244, Sierra Nevada, CA, 154, 157, 195 246 Silberglied, Robert (Bob), 68, 93 Sulfur, Cloudless, 59 Silene coronaria, 91 Suomalainen, Esko, 80, 81, 85, 87 Silva, Neuza Aparecida, 210, 211 Suomalainen, Heikki, 85 Simonsen, Thomas, 27 Swainson, William, 116, 117 Simpson, George G., 20 Swallowtail, Anise, 236 Sinaloa, Mexico, 152 Swallowtail, Black, 58, 60, 231 Singer, Michael C. (Mike), 22, 74–76, 88, 189, Swallowtail, Canadian, 118 190, 252 Swallowtail, Eastern Tiger, 118–119 Sitotroga cerealella, 184 Swallowtail, mountain, 104, 116 Skipper, 60, 62, 146–148, 231, 236 Swallowtail, Mylar-blue Ulysses, 234 Skipper, large, 226 Swallowtail, Oregon, 236 Skipper, lawn, 41 Swallowtail, Pale tiger, 236 Skipper, Sonora, 232 Swallowtail, Pipevine, 61 Slansky Jr., Frank, 108 Swallowtail, South Carolina Tiger, 116 Small population, 81, 83, 85–87 Swallowtail, Tiger, 3, 60, 103, 104, 106, 110, Small, Gordon 144 113, 115, 116, 118 Smith, Audrey, 73, 74 Swallowtail, Two-tailed Tiger, 236 Smithsonian Institution, 32, 101, 153, 165, Swallowtail, x, 3, 4, 103, 107, 109, 115, 117, 166, 170, 171 123, 125, 192, 216, 231 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 137, Swallowtail, Zebra, 255 138 Sycophila, 157 Snout butterfly. See “Butterfly, snout” Symphoricarpos albus, 91 Snowberry, 91 Systematics. See Phylogeny Snowdonia, 219 Social paratism, 42 T Society, 38, 53, 101, 115, 159 Tabanidae, 45 Sokal, Robert (Bob), 245, 246 Tagore, Rabindranath, 240 Solis, Alma, 166 Talamancas, Costa Rica, 75 Soule, Michael, 250 Tatochila vanvolxemii, 36 South Korea, 175–177 Tatochila, 32, 33, 36 Southampton Island, 241, 242 Taylor, Seymour, 68 Southeast , 42, 45 Taylor, Chip (Orley), 111 Southwood, Richard, 21 Teleiodini, 178 Souza, Clemira, 207 Telemiades antiope, 147, 149 Spanish Harlem, NY, 11, 12, 15 Telos, 53 Specialist (trophic), 6, 82–84, 108–110, 128, Tescalsia giulianiata (Geometridae), 154, 155 210 Texas, 22, 25, 57–59, 60, 61, 63–65, 67, 71, Speyeria idalia, 32 73, 74, 76, 188, 189, 192, 198 Sphingidae, 151, 169 Thailand, 42, 44, 45, 47 Sphinx moth, 3 The Nature Conservancy (TNC), 8, 234 Sphragis, 249 Thecadactylus rapicaudus, 95 Spider, hunting, 121 Thisbe irenea, 137–139 Spider, wandering, 101 Thisbe, 137–139 Spindasis, 43 Thomas, Chris, 88, 202, 223 Srygley, Bob, 23 Thomas, Jeremy, 144, 233 Stanford University, 66, 74–76, 82, 192, 199, Thomas, John, 248 232, 243, 247, 248, 252, 253 Thomas, Sue Davidson, 248 Stanford, Ray, 234 Thompson, J. Antony, 220 272 Index

Thoreau, Henry David, 104, 105, 114, 117, V 118, 129 Vaca, Jarol, 142 Ticks, 52, 101, 138 Vaconcellos Neto, João, 21 Tinbergen, Niko, 201 Valledupar, Colombia, 34, 35 Tineidae, 97 Van Emden, Helmut, 5, 224 Tinicum Marshes, PA, 31–33 Van Zandt Brower, Jane, 5, 66 Tirimbina, Costa Rica, 142 Vane-Wright, Richard I. (Dick), 21,25, 218 Tortoiseshell, 188, 231 Vargo, Jim, 184 Tortoiseshell, Small, 226 Varley, George, 73 Tortricidae, 49, 51, 152, 167, 170 Vega Chavarria, Gerardo, xii Tortricoidea, 166 Veirs, Don, 152 Tortrix viridana, 214 Veronica spicata, 82 Transformations, 159, 220 Vertical stratification, 140 Travassos, Lauro, 206 Virolahti, Finland, 80 Treehopper, 93 Vitousek, Peter, 250 Trinidad, 196, 242, 252 Vogt, Bill, 254 Tri-trophic level interactions, 14, 22 Troides brookiana, 250 W Tropaeolum majus, 91 Wagar, J. Alan, 233 Trophallaxis, 42 Wagner, Warren, 144 Tropic levels, 7 Wahkiakum County, Washington, 234, 236 Tufto, Jarle, 143 Wahlberg, Niklas, 27 Turnbull, Alexander, 116 Wakeham-Dawson, Rev. Dr Andrew, 229 Turnbull, Chris, 249 Wales, 218, 220, 221, 223, 224 Turner, John, 71, 144 Walker, Paul, 124 Turtlehead, 4, 5 Walla, Tom, 142, 146 Tvarminne, Finland, 189, 190 Wallace, Alfred Russell, 20, 29, 74 Twitty, Victor, 247 Walsingham glasses, 166, 167, 169–171 Walsingham, Lord T. G., 153, 165, 170 U Warbler, Kirtland’s, 126 Uehara-Prado, Márcio, 208 Warburton, Barbara, 69, 70 Uiraçu Research Center, 207 Washington Biologists’ Field Club, 167, Underwing, white, 237 169–171 Underwood, Richard, 223, 229 Washington, D.C., 32, 101, 126, 165, 167, United States Department of Agriculture 169–171 207, 255 (USDA), 8, 122, 126, 127, 165, 166, 168, Wasp, braconid, 83, 84 171 Wasp, parasitoid, 157 Universidad de Panama, 96 Wasp, solitary, 209 University of Brasília (Universidade de Wasp, vespid, 139 Brasília), Federal District, Brasília, Brazil, Wasps, vi, 206, 209, 215 208–210 Watt, Ward, 249 University of California, Berkeley, 158, 170, Webster, Fred, 66 178, Webster, Marie, 66 University of California, Davis, 33, 36, 197 Wedge Emtomological Research Foundation, University of Chile, 32 168–171 University of Helsinki, 80 Wells, Henry, 31, 36, 38 University of Kansas, 70, 245–247 West Elk Mountains, CO, 232, 243 University of New Orleans, 26 Weston, Art, 34 University of Oregon, 26, 141 White, checkered, 32 University of Pennsylvania, 31, 244 White, green-veined, 226 University of , 123 White, John, 116–117 University of Texas, Austin, 22, 74, 140, 192 White, marbled, 216 University of Washington, 233 Whittaker, Robert, 107, 109 Univoltism, 115 Wiklund, Christer, 107 Urban biology, 15, 17 Willink, Abraham, 36 Index 273

Willmott, Keith, 98 Y Willow, black, 14 Yale University, 232–234 Wilmslow, Cheshire, England, 214 Yellow, Clouded, 216 Wilson, Edward O., 75, 81, 224 Yucca baccata, 157 Winchester Lodge, Torquay, 216 Yucca whipplei, 156 Winter moths. See “Moth, winter” Yucca, 152, 156–158 Wood Nymph, 232 Wood, Tom, 122 Z World War II, 166, 214, 254, 255 Zemblanity, 214 Worthington, Andrea, 95 Zeta argillacea, 209 Wyethia angustifolia, 156 Zizula hylax, 253 Wyoming, 239, 249

X Xedon (Don River), Saravane Province, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) aka Laos, 41, 42, 45–47 Xerces Society, 8, 233, 238, 239