DOCSLIB.ORG

SIS Bulletin Issue 77

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Scientific Instrument Society

Home

Contents

Index

Find

Help

Bulletin No.77
June
2003

Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society ISSN 0956-8271

ForTable of Contents,see back cover

President

GerardTurner

Vice-President

Howard Dawes

Honary Committee

Gloria Clifton,Chairman Alexander Crum Ewing,Secretary Simon Cheifetz,Treasurer Willem Hackmann,Editor Peter de Clercq,Meetings Secretary Ron Bristow Tom Lamb Tom Newth Alan Stimpson Sylvia Sumira Trevor Waterman

Membership and Administrative matters

The Executive Officer (Wg Cdr Geoffrey Bennett) 31 High Street Stanford in the Vale Faringdon
Tel:01367 710223 Fax:01367 718963

See outside back cover for information on membership

Editorial Matters

Dr.Willem Hackmann Sycamore House The PLaying Close Charlbury
Tel:01608 811110 Fax:01608 811971

Society’s Website

www.sis.org.uk

Advertising

See“summary of Advertising Services’panel elsewhere in this Bulletin. Further enquiries to the Executive Officer,

Design and printing

Jane Bigos Graphic Design 95 Newland Mill Witney
Tel:01993 209224 Fax:01993 209255
Oxon OX28 3SZ e-mail:j[email protected]
Printed byThe Flying Press Ltd,Witney

  • The Scientific Instrument Society is Registered Charity No.326733
  • ©The Scientific Instrument Society 2003

Editorial

September issue.I am still interested to hear from other readers whether they think this project a good idea. which this time will be published electronically on our website.He has been very industrious on our behalf. His ‘List of Members’compilation for 2003 is added to this issue, while the single page of ‘Members’ Interests’ will be in the September Bulletin.There has been a drop in membership since the compilation of the last membership list in 2001. I urge members to renew their membership and to encourage friends and colleagues with instrumental interests to join in order to keep the Society and its Bulletin in a good state of health. Members should also be encouraged to participate in the Society’s activities as much as possible and to attend the AGM this year on Wednesday, 2nd July. There is still the opportunity for members to come forward and describe an unusual or mystery object from their collection. Please contact our Meetings Secretary, Dr Peter de Clercq on [email protected],as soon as possible.There will be a further opportunity for members to come forward with stories and objects at the two-day conference (including the AGM) to be held in Cambridge on 25th and 26th June 2004.

Spring Time

I am off to the States in early June for three weeks so had to make sure that this issue was ready in plenty of time.There is again a varied menu of papers and as usual, there is much food for thought for those of us instrumentally inclined.There is a snippet in David Bryden’s paper on an advertising war between London opticians in 1707 that especially took my notice – that of the fifteen apprentices booked by the instrument maker George Willdey during his career from 1708 until his death in 1737, eight were girls.This must be the opening for one of our readers of an interesting research project on women in eighteenth-century instrument making.
We are at present revamping our website with a new team,and were just about ready when our host website went down thanks to a nasty piece of hacking.We are also considering interesting links to our website,so any ideas you have on that score will be much appreciated. One of the links could be to ongoing bibliography on the SIC website,which this year has reached no.20 (see Peter de Clercq,‘The Scientific Instrument Commission and its Bibliographies’, Bulletin,No.71 (2001),p.39).

I look forward to receiving material for future ‘Amateur Pages’, and also for another series of‘Market Places’.
More than thirty readers have responded to the flyer in the March Bulletin concerning the digitizing of back numbers on CD-roms. This project is slowly unfolding and I hope to have more positive news by the
Our Executive Officer, Geoffrey Bennett, has almost completed the second part of our Bulletin Index for issues 51 to 75,

Bulletin’s Cover

Scientific models became an important teaching aid in the 18th century,both at university courses and in the private cabinet. Their use was wide-ranging, from teaching the laws of mechanics to demonstrating important technological devices that became increasingly important in the industrialization of Europe’s natural resources. The model of a combustion pump on this issue’s cover fits into the latter category.It is one of the items from the collection of the Stewart Museum in Montreal, Canada, which features in the delightful book and

catalogue The Art of Teaching Physics : The

Corrections

Several errors crept into the previous issue: 1. David Baynes-Cope died on 27th December 2002 and not on 27th February as previously stated. 2. Francis Manasek lets it be known that in his letter on ‘The True Shape of California’, the paragraph:‘It is noteworthy that many prominent post-deHerrera 17th century cartographers, such the Blaeus, and Hondius, never deviated from showing California as a peninsula, either on their World maps or on their American maps’,should read:‘It is noteworthy that many prominent post-deHerrera 17th century cartographers, such the Blaeus, and Hondius, continued to show California as a peninsula in the 17th century, although they did produce a number of maps employing the island concept.A thorough examination of this cartographic phenomenon can be examined in McLaughlin,The

Mapping of California as an Island (California

Map Society,1995).

  • Eighteenth-Century
  • Demonstration

Apparatus of Jean Antoine Nollet, edited

by Lewis Pyenson and Jean-François Gauvin,the subject of a review in this issue by David Bryden.The collection came from two sources.One group originated from the Ecole centrale in Dijon,established in 1795; the central repository in that region for instruments transferred from private institutions and confiscated from private collections during the French Revolution.The second group, including the combustion pump featured on this cover, came from another source. combustion pump was Denis Papin, who published it in 1681. It was developed for commercial use by Thomas Savery. It is, in fact, a water pump in which the action of the piston has been replaced by sprays of alternating expanding and then condensing steam.The water,fed from a rectangular tray in the base, is heated by a spirit lamp.The steam is fed into the cylindrical glass vessel where it expands thereby pushing out the water through a tube that flows into a higher basin.Next the steam in the tube is condensed by a brief controlled flow of cold water,creating a vacuum in the glass vessel, which causes fresh water to enter.The cycle is repeated until the reservoir is empty.Such compression pumps were used in mines and in circulating water from the Thames in cities like London. Savery described his machine for raising water in deep mines in

The Miner’s Friend (1702).

3. In Dave Hirsch’s ‘Zig-Zag’ microscope, the illustrations for Figs 1 and 2 were reversed. 4.Finally,Paul Zoller communicates that he has made an error in his paper on the planimeter (Bulletin, No. 75.The hinge in one of the arms of the Lippincott Planimeter (Fig. 12) cannot serve to adjust the planimeter to different scales as was claimed, since the hinge is in the pole arm, and the length of the pole arm has no effect on the reading as long as the pole is outside the figure to be measured. Professor J. Fischer has also noticed this error. It is likely that the hinge is present simply to fold the instrument to a much smaller footprint for storage.

French instruments of that period with their delightful ornamentation showed joie de vivre, while contemporary London instruments were often better made, but seemed rather dull and worthy by comparison.The compression pump and the other

instruments described in The Art of Physics

come straight from the pages of Jean Antoine Nollet’s popular physics textbooks,

such as his Leçons de physique expéri-

mentale (1754-66) which graced the drawing room of many a savant and physics cabinet.According to Nollet the inventor of this

Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society No.77 (2003)

1

Report on SIS Visit to the Royal Institution of Great Britain Friday 24th January 2003

Charles Mollan

It has been on the same site since its foundation in 1799, on Albemarle Street, in Mayfair in central London.1 The Royal Institution of Great Britain (RI) is still a busy centre, with a throughput of 30,000 children each year, and an extensive programme of lectures and discussions for all ages – its spring programme lists 11 events in February and 14 in March,including one on the 25th February on‘RobertWilliam Paul and Scientific Instrument Making’ by our esteemed SIS member from the Science Museum – Neil Brown. The RI is best known for its annual Christmas children’s lectures and its famous Friday Evening Discourses.
(1791–1867), the book-binder’s assistant who was recruited to the RI by Davy in 1813, and who became superintendent of the house in 1821,director of the laboratory in 1833,and professor of chemistry from 1833–1867; the marble relief by Thomas Woolner of JohnTyndall (1820–1893), professor of natural philosophy from 1853–1887, and superintendent of the house from 1867–1887; and the bronze relief by Bertram Mackennal of James Dewar (1842–1923),professor of chemistry from 1877–1923.

We proceeded to the Library rooms on the first floor. The Main Library room, refurbished in 1935,is particularly attractive and features a Regency gilt wood mirror. Inevitably books have taken over more rooms both on the first floor and the ground floor. In what is called the Long Library,a fireplace from the house of Joseph Banks (1743–1820), complete with a Wedgwood plaque, showing a classical scene,is preserved.Banks was President of the Royal Society from 1778–1820, and it was in his house in Soho Square that the RI was founded on 7th March 1799.The addition of the so-called Red Corridor now allows complete circulation around the inner stairwell core to all of the public spaces within the first floor5. In the Long Library andAnte-room (outside the famous lecture theatre) are more works of art, including one by Alexander Blaikley of Faraday delivering a Christmas lecture in 1855, and one by Henry Jamyn Brooks of James Dewar lecturing on liquid hydrogen in 1904 (Fig.2).TheAnte-room also displays a large Wimshurst machine and Lord Rayleigh’s large glass device for making argon. John Strutt, third Lord Rayleigh (1842–1919), succeeded Tyndall as professor of natural philosophy, and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904.
The key mover in the foundation of the RI was a remarkable man – Sir Benjamin

  • Thompson,
  • Count
  • von
  • Rumford

(1753–1814).As a poor but socially ambitious young man in Massachusetts ‘handsome with his bright blue eyes and dark auburn hair’2,he married a wealthy widow fourteen years older than himself in 1773, and jumped in social rank. He soon abandoned his wife and their two-month old baby daughter,and set sail for England.After an eventful and generally successful life in Europe,during which he carried out useful scientific work on such practical subjects as armaments and kitchen stoves – he was knighted by George III and created a Count of the Holy Roman Empire in Bavaria – he drew up proposals for an institution‘for diffusing knowledge…of useful mechanical inventions and improvements, and for teaching.…the application of science to the common purposes of life’3.Fifty-eight of the great and good were inveigled into putting up the substantial sum of fifty guineas each to be‘Proprietors’,and the RI was founded.

Fig. 1 Our host Frank James poses with our Meetings Secretary, Peter de Clercq, under a portrait of Michael Faraday in the Main Entrance.

of the history of the building – how the RI in No.21Albemarle Street had expanded to take over neighbouring houses, and when bits had been added and sections refurbished.The entrance hall,where we initially assembled,refurbished in the 1920s/early 1930s, is decorated with a running stuccowork frieze depicting scientific instruments from the Institution’s collection.

We proceeded to the ‘Grand Entrance’ (it used to be the main entrance) with its fine 1756 staircase,and were given details of the works of art on display, including particularly the enormous oil painting (tentatively attributed to Archer James Oliver) of Humphry Davy (1778–1829) professor of chemistry at the RI from 1802–1813 (later a rather unsuccessful President of the Royal Society from 1820–1826); the marble statue by (Dubliner!) John Henry Foley and his assistant Thomas Brock of Michael Faraday
Rumford later became distracted (to the disadvantage of the RI) since he fell for, and married in 1805, Marie Anne (1758–1836), widow of Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794). Benjamin and Marie Anne separated by mutual consent in 1809.
Although the scientific officers of the RI originally spent most of their time doing analyses for the Proprietors and others, in lecture giving and consultancy,in the latter
On a Friday afternoon in January 2003

(there was no Discourse that evening), a group of 30 lucky officers and members of the Scientific Instrument Society assembled in Albemarle Street.Those who managed the tour were lucky because the visit was heavily over-subscribed: if you hadn’t applied early you were doomed.We were greeted by our genial host Frank James,the well-known author and editor in the history of science, who has a formidable list of responsibilities within the RI, including, ‘Keeper of Collections’(Fig.1).He was carrying his latest book The Common Purposes of Life4,just published (though it wasn’t available there to potential purchasers – which would have made this article better informed).He gave us an outline

Fig. 2 Detail from painting by Henry Jamyn Brooks of James Dewar lec- turing on liquid hydrogen.

2

Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society No.77 (2003)

part of the nineteenth century research (together with continuing lectures) became a key feature of the work of the RI.This role was enormously enhanced by a generous benefaction by the industrial chemist Ludwig Mond (1839–1909),used to endow the Davy-Faraday Research Laboratory, which was opened by the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII) in 1896.We were told about more scientific achievements of the RI, notably the pioneering work on x-ray crystallography by William Henry Bragg (1862–1942) and his sonWilliam Lawrence Bragg (1890–1971),both of whom became Directors of the RI.They jointly won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1915. Indeed Lawrence was, and is, the youngest recipient, being only 25 years old at the time. Among collaborators with the Braggs at the RI were Kathleen Lonsdale (1903–1971) – one of the two first woman Fellows of the Royal Society (1945) – born in Newbridge, Co. Kildare, and J.D. Bernal (1901–1971), born in Nenagh in Co.Tipperary.The only English woman to have received the Nobel Prize – Dorothy Hodgkin (1910–1994) – was also a collaborator (and a lover of J.D. Bernal6). Another Nobel Prize winning Director was George Porter (1920–2002), famous for his work on photochemistry and high-speed reactions. Porter later became President of the Royal Society, but sadly died on 31st August last year. When he retired as Director of the RI in 1985, the roles of Director of the RI and Director of the Davy-Faraday Laboratory were separated.Susan Greenfield,who had been the first woman to give the Christmas Lectures (1994/5), became also the first woman Director of the RI in 1998. She has been very successful in raising its public profile in recent years.
SIS meetings book and dispersed.

Footnote

Count Rumford travelled to Dublin with Lord Pelham, who was Chief Secretary of Ireland from 1795–1798, and who carried out experiments in agriculture and gunpowder at his residence in Ireland‘as relaxation from the more wearisome toils of the desk’.8 Rumford spent a good deal of time in the premises of the Dublin Society (now the Royal Dublin Society – where, incidentally,I worked for 17 years).He directed the setting up of kitchens there, and he also introduced improvements in the kitchens of Irish workhouses and hospitals. He was made an honorary member of the Society for his work and an expenditure of twenty guineas was approved for a medal of Irish gold to be presented to him9.The historian of the Society10 writes:

Fig. 3. Original safety lamps made by Humphrey Davy.

[Rumford] was so much pleased with the lecture theatre [of the Dublin Society],and the prospect of instruction opened up by it that,on returning to London, he projected the Royal Institution, Albemarle Street.

Although Berry, a Barrister-at-Law by profession,is a very reliable chronicler,there is apparently no record in the RI of this claimed influence.Certainly the initial aims of the RI and the contemporary activities of the Dublin Society (which had been founded in 1731) have striking parallels. Can anyone help with any evidence for or against?

Fig.4. Voltaic pile given to Faraday b y V olta, and other apparatus.

Notes and References

motor constructed by Faraday;and the coil used to demonstrate the Faraday Effect (the rotation of polarised light by a magnet). Other instruments on display include electrical machines, an electric egg, Oersted’s apparatus, and many others. Faraday’s medals and decorations are on display, and there is a replica of his laboratory,complete with an air pump and chemical apparatus. As we enjoyed the museum in our own time,groups were taken to see some of the modern labs, rather small and cluttered by comparison with the public rooms, where we viewed state-of-the art apparatus for xray crystallography.

1. Gwendy Caroe, The Royal Institution – An

Informal History, with a final chapter by Alban Caroe;reprint with amendments of the 1985 edition (London:John Murray,1988),p.16.

2. Sanborn C. Brown, Benjamin Thompson, Count

Rumford (Cambridge,Mass.:The MIT Press,1981),p. 16.

In the corridor around the lecture theatre are displays of instruments relating to the main players in the story of the RI – including a replica of Count Rumford’s kitchen range and his coffee pot; eudiometers of Henry Cavendish (1731–1810), one of the original Proprietors of the RI (indeed the only really scientific one); original and derived Davy safety lamps (Fig. 3); vials made by Tyndall in his work on spontaneous generation, and much more. Apparently, the Faradays, although themselves childless,loved young people,and it is recorded that at one of their parties a velocipede was ridden around this corridor!7

3.FrankA.J.L.James,Guides to the Royal Institution of Great Britain: 1 – History (London: Royal

Institution,2000),p.3.

4.Frank A.J.L.James,ed.,The Common Purposes of Life ’ – S cience and Society at the Royal Institution

of Great Britain (Abingdon:Ashgate, 2002) ISBN 0 75460960 X,Web www.ashgate.com

5. Main Library and Conversation Room – one of

the helpful sheets available in the various public rooms of the RI giving details of the history and significant features of each.

Finally, we ended up with a very welcome cup of tea in the room where some of the apparatus from the Spottiswood collection was stored in cupboards. This collection was donated by W. Hugh Spottiswood in 1899, in honour of William Spottiswood (1825–1883),President of the Royal Society from 1878–1883. Unfortunately the cupboards were locked, but we could see an array of ‘brass and glass’ optical apparatus, including a Silbermann heliostat and a variety of mounted prisms and lenses,presumably made by Duboscq. I understand that there are plans for this collection to be housed in a new museum.After an appropriate speech of thanks to our host by the SIS Chairman,Gloria Clifton,we signed the

6. Georgina Ferry, Dorothy Hodgkin - A Life

(London:Granta Books,1998),p.101. 7.Caroe (note 1),p.51

8.R.B.McDowell,Ireland in the Age of Imperialism and Revolution 1760–1801 (Oxford: Clarendon

Press,1979),p.458.

The key instrument display of the RI is in the Faraday Museum in the basement, which was opened by Queen Elizabeth in 1973 (using a Faraday coil).It is open to the public for a very modest fee. Here, to the enthusiastic commentary of Frank James, we were introduced to an original Voltaic pile given to Faraday by Volta (Fig. 4); the coil with which Faraday first demonstrated electro-magnetic induction (the one used by the Queen);a replica of the first electric

9.Proceedings of the Dublin Society, 32 (1796),pp.

126 & 145,and 33 (1797),pp.22 & 26. 10.Henry F.Berry, London:Longmans,Green & Co., 1915),p 225.

Author’s address:
Samton Ltd, 17 Pine Lawn
Newtownpark Avenue, Blackrock, Co.
Dublin, Ireland e-mail:[email protected]

Recommended publications
  • Industry and the Ideal

    Industry and the Ideal

    INDUSTRY AND THE IDEAL Ideal Sculpture and reproduction at the early International Exhibitions TWO VOLUMES VOLUME 1 GABRIEL WILLIAMS PhD University of York History of Art September 2014 ABSTRACT This thesis considers a period when ideal sculptures were increasingly reproduced by new technologies, different materials and by various artists or manufacturers and for new markets. Ideal sculptures increasingly represented links between sculptors’ workshops and the realm of modern industry beyond them. Ideal sculpture criticism was meanwhile greatly expanded by industrial and international exhibitions, exemplified by the Great Exhibition of 1851, where the reproduction of sculpture and its links with industry formed both the subject and form of that discourse. This thesis considers how ideal sculpture and its discourses reflected, incorporated and were mediated by this new environment of reproduction and industrial display. In particular, it concentrates on how and where sculptors and their critics drew the line between the sculptors’ creative authorship and reproductive skill, in a situation in which reproduction of various kinds utterly permeated the production and display of sculpture. To highlight the complex and multifaceted ways in which reproduction was implicated in ideal sculpture and its discourse, the thesis revolves around three central case studies of sculptors whose work acquired especial prominence at the Great Exhibition and other exhibitions that followed it. These sculptors are John Bell (1811-1895), Raffaele Monti (1818-1881) and Hiram Powers (1805-1873). Each case shows how the link between ideal sculpture and industrial display provided sculptors with new opportunities to raise the profile of their art, but also new challenges for describing and thinking about sculpture.
  • This Clock Is a Rather Curious the Movement Is That of a a Combination

    This Clock Is a Rather Curious the Movement Is That of a a Combination

    MINERAL GLASS CRYSTALS 36 pc. Assortment Clear Styrene Storage Box Contains 1 Each of Most Popular Sizes From 19.0 to 32.0 $45.00 72 pc. Assortment Clear Styrene Storage Box Contains 1 Each of Most Popular Refills Available Sizes From 14.0 to 35.0 On All Sizes $90.00 :. JJl(r1tvfolet Gfa:ss A~hesive Jn ., 'N-e~ilie . Pofot Tobe · Perfect for MinenifGlass Crystals - dire$ -iA. secondbn ~un or ultraviolet µgh{'DS~~~ cfa#ty as gl;lss. Stock Up At These Low Prices - Good Through November 10th FE 5120 Use For Ronda 3572 Y480 $6.50 V237 $6.50 Y481 $6.95 V238 $6.95 Y482 $6.95 V243 $6.95 51/2 x 63/4 $9.95 FREE - List of Quartz Movements With Interchangeability, Hand Sizes, Measurements, etc. CALL TOLL FREE 1-800-328-0205 IN MN 1-800-392-0334 24-HOUR FAX ORDERING 612-452-4298 FREE Information Available *Quartz Movements * Crystals & Fittings * * Resale Merchandise * Findings * Serving The Trade Since 1923 * Stones* Tools & Supplies* VOLUME13,NUMBER11 NOVEMBER 1989 "Ask Huck" HOROLOGICAL Series Begins 25 Official Publication of the American Watchmakers Institute ROBERT F. BISHOP 2 PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE HENRY B. FRIED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS Railroad 6 Emile Perre t Movement JOE CROOKS BENCH TIPS 10 The Hamilton Electric Sangamo Clock Grade MARVIN E. WHITNEY MILITARY TIME 12 Deck Watch, Waltham Model 1622-S-12 Timepieces WES DOOR SHOP TALK 14 Making Watch Crystals JOHN R. PLEWES 18 REPAIRING CLOCK HANDS 42 CHARLES CLEVES OLD WATCHES 20 Reality Sets In ROBERT D. PORTER WATCHES INSIDE & OUT 24 A Snap, Crackle, & Pop Solution J.M.
  • The Turret Clock Keeper's Handbook Chris Mckay

    The Turret Clock Keeper's Handbook Chris Mckay

    The Turret Clock Keeper’s Handbook (New Revised Edition) A Practical Guide for those who Look after a Turret Clock Written and Illustrated by Chris McKay [ ] Copyright © 0 by Chris McKay All rights reserved Self-Published by the Author Produced by CreateSpace North Charleston SC USA ISBN-:978-97708 ISBN-0:9770 [ ] CONTENTS Introduction ...............................................................................................................................11 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 12 The Author ............................................................................................................................... 12 Turret clocks— A Brief History .............................................................................................. 12 A Typical Turret Clock Installation.......................................................................................... 14 How a Turret Clock Works....................................................................................................... 16 Looking After a Turret Clock .................................................................................................. 9 Basic safety... a brief introduction................................................................................... 9 Manual winding .............................................................................................................. 9 Winding groups .............................................................................................................
  • The Evolution of Tower Clock Movements and Their Design Over the Past 1000 Years

    The Evolution of Tower Clock Movements and Their Design Over the Past 1000 Years

    The Evolution Of Tower Clock Movements And Their Design Over The Past 1000 Years Mark Frank Copyright 2013 The Evolution Of Tower Clock Movements And Their Design Over The Past 1000 Years TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction and General Overview Pre-History ............................................................................................... 1. 10th through 11th Centuries ........................................................................ 2. 12th through 15th Centuries ........................................................................ 4. 16th through 17th Centuries ........................................................................ 5. The catastrophic accident of Big Ben ........................................................ 6. 18th through 19th Centuries ........................................................................ 7. 20th Century .............................................................................................. 9. Tower Clock Frame Styles ................................................................................... 11. Doorframe and Field Gate ......................................................................... 11. Birdcage, End-To-End .............................................................................. 12. Birdcage, Side-By-Side ............................................................................. 12. Strap, Posted ............................................................................................ 13. Chair Frame .............................................................................................
  • Cavendish the Experimental Life

    Cavendish the Experimental Life

    Cavendish The Experimental Life Revised Second Edition Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge Series Editors Ian T. Baldwin, Gerd Graßhoff, Jürgen Renn, Dagmar Schäfer, Robert Schlögl, Bernard F. Schutz Edition Open Access Development Team Lindy Divarci, Georg Pflanz, Klaus Thoden, Dirk Wintergrün. The Edition Open Access (EOA) platform was founded to bring together publi- cation initiatives seeking to disseminate the results of scholarly work in a format that combines traditional publications with the digital medium. It currently hosts the open-access publications of the “Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge” (MPRL) and “Edition Open Sources” (EOS). EOA is open to host other open access initiatives similar in conception and spirit, in accordance with the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the sciences and humanities, which was launched by the Max Planck Society in 2003. By combining the advantages of traditional publications and the digital medium, the platform offers a new way of publishing research and of studying historical topics or current issues in relation to primary materials that are otherwise not easily available. The volumes are available both as printed books and as online open access publications. They are directed at scholars and students of various disciplines, and at a broader public interested in how science shapes our world. Cavendish The Experimental Life Revised Second Edition Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach Studies 7 Studies 7 Communicated by Jed Z. Buchwald Editorial Team: Lindy Divarci, Georg Pflanz, Bendix Düker, Caroline Frank, Beatrice Hermann, Beatrice Hilke Image Processing: Digitization Group of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Cover Image: Chemical Laboratory.
  • Market Knowledge: the Philosophic Instrument Trade in Eighteenth-Century England

    Market Knowledge: the Philosophic Instrument Trade in Eighteenth-Century England

    MARKET KNOWLEDGE: THE PHILOSOPHIC INSTRUMENT TRADE IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND A Thesis Submitted to the College Of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History University of Saskatchewan By Jared Pashovitz © Copyright Jared Pashovitz, February 2010. All Rights Reserved PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the Master’s of Arts Degree in the Department of History at the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department of History. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or in part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of History University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A5 i ABSTRACT This thesis examines the role of philosophic instrument-makers within the eighteenth-century philosophic instrument trade in Britain. The instrument-maker functioned in both the realms of the philosophic elite and the burgeoning eighteenth- century public marketplace. Faced with the task of balancing the contradictory scholarly expectations of natural philosophers and the monetary pressures of the public market, these craftsmen employed sophisticated marketing strategies to reconcile these opposing realms.
  • More Wanderings in London E

    More Wanderings in London E

    1 MORE WANDERINGS IN LONDON E. V. LUCAS — — By E. V. LUCAS More Wanderings in London Cloud and Silver The Vermilion Box The Hausfrau Rampant Landmarks Listener's Lure Mr. Ingleside Over Bemerton's Loiterer's Harvest One Day and Another Fireside and Sunshine Character and Comedy Old Lamps for New The Hambledon Men The Open Road The Friendly Town Her Infinite Variety Good Company The Gentlest Art The Second Post A Little of Everything Harvest Home Variety Lane The Best of Lamb The Life of Charies Lamb A Swan and Her Friends A Wanderer in Venice A W^anderer in Paris A Wanderer in London A Wanderer in Holland A Wanderer in Florence Highways and Byways in Sussex Anne's Terrible Good Nature The Slowcoach and The Pocket Edition of the Works of Charies Lamb: i. Miscellaneous Prose; II. Elia; iii. Children's Books; iv. Poems and Plays; v. and vi. Letters. ST. MARTIN's-IN-THE-FIELDS, TRAFALGAR SQUARE MORE WANDERINGS IN LONDON BY E. V. LUCAS "You may depend upon it, all lives lived out of London are mistakes: more or less grievous—but mistakes" Sydney Smith WITH SIXTEEN DRAWINGS IN COLOUR BY H. M. LIVENS AND SEVENTEEN OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS NEW YORK GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY L'Jz Copyright, 1916, By George H. Doran Company NOV -7 1916 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ICI.A445536 PREFACE THIS book is a companion to A Wanderer in London^ published in 1906, and supplements it. New editions, bringing that work to date, will, I hope, continue to appear.
  • FINE CLOCKS Wednesday 13 December 2017

    FINE CLOCKS Wednesday 13 December 2017

    FINE CLOCKS Wednesday 13 December 2017 FINE CLOCKS Wednesday 13 December at 2pm 101 New Bond Street, London VIEWING BIDS ENQUIRIES CUSTOMER SERVICES Saturday 9 December +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 James Stratton M.R.I.C.S Monday to Friday 11am to 3pm +44 (0) 20 7447 7401 fax + 44 (0) 20 7468 8364 8.30am to 6pm Sunday 10 December To bid via the internet please [email protected] +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 11am to 3pm visit bonhams.com Monday 11 December Administrator As a courtesy to intending 9am to 4.30pm Please note that bids should be Vanessa Howson bidders, Bonhams will provide a Tuesday 12 December submitted no later than 4pm on + 44 (0) 20 7468 8204 written Indication of the physical 9am to 4.30pm the day prior to the sale. [email protected] condition of lots in this sale if a Wednesday 13 December New bidders must also provide request is received up to 24 9am to 12pm proof of identity when submitting hours before the auction starts. bids. Failure to do this may result This written Indication is issued SALE NUMBER in your bids not being processed. subject to Clause 3 of the Notice 24222 to Bidders. Bidding by telephone will only be CATALOGUE accepted on lots with a low Please see back of catalogue estimate in excess of £1,000 for important notice to bidders £20.00 Live online bidding is ILLUSTRATIONS available for this sale Front cover: Lot 116 Please email [email protected] Back cover: Lot 53 with “Live bidding” in the subject Inside front cover: Lot 102 line 48 hours before the auction Inside back cover: Lot 115 to register for this service.
  • The History of the Church Clock St Pauls Church Woodhouse Eaves Leicestershire

    The History of the Church Clock St Pauls Church Woodhouse Eaves Leicestershire

    The History Of The Church Clock St Pauls Church Woodhouse Eaves Leicestershire. By Maria Jansen Page 1 of 16 Introduction There has always been a mystery surrounding the Church Clock, or Village Clock as it was sometimes known. The information contained in this research seeks to solve some of these and has recently unearthed some interesting and informative old documents, copies of which are referred to in this document and can be found in the Appendices. Design St Paul’s Church Woodhouse Eaves and St Peter’s Copt Oak were two of many of the churches designed by architect William Railton. For these two local churches he used the same design as can be seen at the bottom of original sketch ‘Design of the churches at Woodhouse Eaves and Copt Oak of Charnwood Forest Leicestershire’ [Figure 1] and were built about the same time in 1836/7. Figure 1: Copy of William Railton original architect design 18351 1 ‘Design of the Churches at Woodhouse Eaves and Copt Oak, on Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire by William Railton’, Incorporated Church Building Society (ICBS), Lambeth Palace Library online [http://images.lambethpalacelibrary.org.uk/luna/servlet/s/ubaajd] Page 2 of 16 St Paul’s and St Peter churches were not originally designed with a clock installed, as can be seen in the original design. However St Paul’s has undergone many alterations over the years, including the installation of the clock and two clock faces. St Peter at Copt Oak [Figure 2] remains today with no clock installed and with the original ‘window’, hood moulds and foliage label stops, which can be seen clearly over the front door and triple lancet bell openings on each face with parapet and pinnacles.
  • SIC Bibliography 15

    SIC Bibliography 15

    Scientific Instrument Commission Bibliography 15 This bibliography covers the year 1998, but it also contains titles published in 1997 which only came to the compiler's notice after publication of the Fourteenth Bibliography in June 1998. In the Fourteenth Bibliography, which covered the years 1996 and 1997, no articles were included from the Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society and from Rittenhouse: Journal of the American Scientific Instrument Enterprise. As these journals are devoted exclusively to instruments, no reference to their contents was deemed necessary. Members of the scientific instrument community have expressed their regret over this, and in the present bibliography articles from both journals published in 1996, 1997 and 1998 have been included. The compiler is grateful to friends and colleagues who kindly sent titles for inclusion in this bibliography. Publications, or notices of publication (please with ISBN), for inclusion in the forthcoming bibliography may be sent to the SIC Secretary. ACKERMANN, Silke (ed.), Humphrey Cole: Mint, Measurement and Maps in Elizabethan England (London: British Museum Occasional Paper Number 126, 1998). 106 pp. ISBN 0- 86159-126-9. Exhibition catalogue on the first English instrument maker. Essays by Gerard Turner, Peter Barber, James McDermott and B.J. Cook and a catalogue of 26 instruments. ALLAN, A.L, et al, Papers from the Ad Hoc Commission on History of Surveying, XXI International Congress of the International Federation of Surveyors (International Federation of Surveyors, 1998) [no place of publication given] ISBN 0-85406-896-1. vi plus 90 pp. Pre-prints of papers given at this congress in Brighton, U.K.
  • The Career Choices of the Victorian Sculptor

    The Career Choices of the Victorian Sculptor

    The Career Choices of the Victorian Sculptor: Establishing an economic model for the careers of Edward Onslow Ford and Henry Hope- Pinker through their works Department of History of Art University of Leiden Alexandra Nevill 1st reader Professor Jan Teeuwisse S1758829 2nd reader Professor CJ Zijlmans [email protected] Masters in Design and Decorative Arts 11 November 2016 (18,611 words) 1 The career choices of Victorian sculptors: Edward Onslow Ford and Henry Hope-Pinker Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Illustrations ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1 Networking: it pays to stay in touch. ......................................................................................... 12 Apprenticeships and the early years: ......................................................................................................... 13 The Royal Academy and the Mass Media: ................................................................................................. 17 The Art Workers Guild: friends and influence: ......................................................................................
  • Sir John Pringle and His Circle, by Dorothea Waley Singer

    Sir John Pringle and His Circle, by Dorothea Waley Singer

    Sir John Pringle and his Circle 127 SII~ JOHN PI~INGLE AND HIS CII~CLE.--PART I. LIFE. By DOROTI~EA WALEY SINGEB. CONTENWS. Page § 1. Introduction ................................................ 127 §2. Early Life .................................................... 128 § 3. London ..................................................... 133 § 4. Closing Years : the Controversy concerning Lightning Conductors .. 163 §1. Introduction. SIR JoH~ P~I~GL~. was a typical figure of the eighteenth century, though he foreshadows activities of the following centuries, both in his sense of public responsibility for the living and working conditions of the labouring population and in his appreciation of the importance of public measures for the prevention rather than the cure of disease. His view of medicine might almost be epitomized as cleanliness, to be achieved by purification of the air without and of the bloodstream within the patient. The first he would effect by ventilation, the second by correct diet. For the former he would utilize the skill of the engineer. For the latter he recognized the need of laboratory experiments, to ascertain the " septic " and " antiseptic " qualities inherent in various substances. His own experiments to this end were highly rated by his Annals of Science 1949.6:127-180. contemporaries. They were carried out on substances organic and inorganic. Pringle was not an innovutor, but his alert and benevolent mind was concerned to apply the creative activity of his contemporaries. In view of his preoccupation with " putrescent " diseases, it is re- markable that Pringle never associates them with living contagion 1, though references to this conception are scattered through the literature of his own and preceding ages. The analogy between putrefaction and fermentation, their association with contagious disease and the suggestion that all alike are caused by minute living organisms, had been familiar in medical writings since the sixteenth century 2.