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1969 Alumni Magazine April 1969 Whitworth University
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This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the University Archives at Whitworth University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Whitworth Alumni Magazine by an authorized administrator of Whitworth University. e~ WHITWORTH COLLEGE "!Janf0Ca[(
SPRING ISSUE April, 1969
WHITWORTH PRESIDENCY CHANGES HANDS See Page One
Special Section: "Who's In ....oir Tour Charge?" In depth coverage of one of the major factors of crisis on college campuses in America Can:Panf~Ca[{
WHITWORTH COLLEGE
APRIL 1969 VOLUME XXXV N'uMBER 8
The Campanile Call is published at Whitworth College, Spokane, Washington 99218, in an effort to reflect the quality and char- acter of the college and to continue and improve sound and proper relations with its alumni and others interested in the advancement of private Christian higher education.
Second class postage paid at Spokane, Wash. 99218. Issued six times yearly in February, April, June, August, October and December.
LON B A C K MAN, editor
ALUMNI OFFICERS
MR. RIC H A R D JON E S, ' 5 7. president
MRS. MARY SPANGENBERG, '58, secretary
MRS. V I R GIN I A A I N LEY, • -4 9. lXlCutive committee
MR. J 0 H N H A B B EST AD. ' 60, lXlCutive committee
MR. J 0 H N ROT H, JR.. ' -4 0, executive committee
CONTENTS
Simpson Named Acting President . Choir on Tour 2
"Mutual Means Approach"...... 4
"Moon Shooter" 7
Whitwords ...... 23 Arts .. 27 Taxes and Securities. Back Page News Inside Back Page DR. KOEHLER RETURNS TO PULPIT Dr. Simpson Named Acting President
DR. CLARENCE SIMPSON DR. MARK L. KOEHLER
Dr. Clarence Simpson, after sixteen years of service was accepted by the Executive Committee of the Board to Whitworth College, will assume responsibilities as act- of Trustees. The Committee then unanimously selected ing president following Spring Commencement exercises Dr. Simpson to serve as acting president until a new May 25. Dr. Simpson was the unanimous choice of the president is chosen. It has since been announced that Executive Committee Board of Trustees after the 13th Dr. Mark Lee has been named to serve as acting Dean President of the College, Dr. Mark L. Koehler, an- of the Faculty, replacing Dr. Simpson in that post. nounced his resignation. The full Board of Trustees will meet May 16 to name Dr. Simpson announced, following the appointment, a selection committee whose job will be to seek a new that he has cancelled plans for a leave of absence for president. Dr. Arend said of Dr. Koehler's resignation, the academic year 1969-1970. He had been planning on "On a number of occasions during the 'past two years serving as a visiting professor of English at California Dr. Koehler has discussed with members of the Board Western University Campus of the United States Inter- and administration his desire eventually to return to the national University. He would have returned to his pulpit. He is an excellent and inspiring preacher and duties as academic dean at Whitworth in September has spoken from many great pulpits throughout the 1970. nation." In a memorandum to his colleagues at Whitworth Concerning the selection of Dr. Simpson to serve as dated April 4, 1969, Dr. Koehler said, "As you know, Acting President until a new administrator is chosen, I came from the church and when the right situation Dr. Arend said, "Dr. Koehler and Dr. Simpson are close developed at the college and in the church, I had deter- personal friends. They have been a great team in the mined to return. That time is at hand. If things go administration of Whitworth College. They have a close according to schedule, the First United Presbyterian working relationship and have the confidence of the Church of Las Vegas, Nevada, will have issued me a board, the faculty and the student body. The transition call to become their pastor as of the afternoon of the in leadership will be smooth and will not change any ad- 13th. I feel that as I was led out of the church to ministration policies." Whitworth in this administrative role I am now led back Dr. Simpson was appointed dean of the Whitworth into the church in an exciting situation that is challeng- faculty in 1966 and served in an interim capacity from ing where I can preach the gospel directly to a _congre- 1963-65. He came to Whitworth in 1953 as a professor gation." of English. A graduate of Asbury College, Wilmore, Ky., The memorandum from Dr. Koehler continued, "This he has his master's degree from the University of Cincin- afternoon of Monday the 14th I will submit my resigna- nati and his doctorate from Stanford University. tion to the Board of Trustees. Following conferences A specialist in Victorian and Renaissance literature, with the Chairman of the Board, I am sure they will he was head of the Whitworth English department for accept it. I am asking them to make it effective follow- 10 years. He has been an elder and clerk of session at ing Commencement exercises Sunday afternoon, May Whitworth Community Presbyterian Church and for- 25." merly taught church school at the First Presbyterian Dr. Albert Arend, Chairman of the Whitworth Board Church. • of Trustees, announced that Dr. Koehler's resignation Choir Tour Spring Choir Tour is work, and cer- tainly the hardest working man in- volved is the conductor. Professor Milton Johnson, chairman of the Whit· worth College Music Department, has the responsibility of determining the program, rehearsing the Choir, put- ting together the road troupe (which includes recruiting Sinfonietta mem- • bers in addition to Whitworth stu- dents). and incorporating instrumen- tal performance into the overall pro- duction. Professor Johnson is shown Seventy-five students and their een- as he rehearsed the Sillfonietta at ductor in concert. The full program, the Whitworth campus before tour including some excruciating editing departure. of passages making already complex selections even more difficult, ran for an haur-and-e-half. The audiences Time to go, and the members of the were only encouraged to participate with applause during two points of Choir and Sinfonietta were on hand to board chartered busses at noon • the program, and they took full ad- Easter Sunday. Many of the Choir vantage of the opportunities. At one members had engaged in Easter stop there was a standing ovation, morning services in Spokane, and but the Choir members were never sure it had not resulted from the at- , • some of those were at sunrise. The ~ transportation had been chartered tempt of one lady to leave the audio , through the Office of Public Rela- torium early. Whatever the cause of tions, and the itinerary and other ar- the rising to the feet of the enthllSi- rangements made by Public Relations astic crowd, the Choir enjoyed the Director Lon F. Backman, who went response, even with their tongues on the tour as business manager. firmly implanted in their cheeks. Backmanand a crew of four students led off the caravan in an advance automobile, with the busses moving behind. The first stop was an Easter evening concert at Yakima, then a jump down to Medford, Oregon. From there the tour included Fair Oaks,Fresno, Sunnyvale, Santa Rosa,Walnut Creek, and Sacramento in California. The last performance was at Klamath Falls, Oregon, and then home.
The welcome for the Choir at Fair Oaks, California, was typical of the en- thusiasm with which the Whitworth students were received throughout their trip. The musical program itself was recognized as of unusually high quality and difficulty of execution. However, the students made another mark. Their warmness and enthusiasm for the college was contagious. At dinners arranged by the host churches they sang their "Thank You" mes- sage in four part harmony, kidded choir director, bus drivers, and tour manager by Singing "Happy Birthday," and clapping in rhythm as they made the recipient of their uff-date congratulations run around the tables, and entertained themselves and their hosts with well performed spoofs on grand opera and Broadway musicals. Following the concerts the students It might have been suspected that with a concert every night of the tour were assigned to host homes for overnight lodging, and in a number of except Saturday, plus three on Sunday• morning before noon, in addition to instances this afforded an opportunity for serious discussion of the merits rehearsal for an hour or two at every stop the personnel would have een- of Whitworth with prospective students. Choir Tour is seen each year as sidered their schedule full enough. Apparently that would have been a an outstanding recruitment tool. • false assumption. When it became apparent that some of the in·California hop~ were taking .Ies.s time than it had been estimated they might, the ChOir was enthusiastic about the prospects of scheduling a last-minute concert in the afternoon at San Francisco State Theological Seminary near San Anselmo. The day was warm, the small chapel was hot, the seminari- ans able to change plans to include attendance at the concert were few. The response was overwhelming. The Choir escaped to the cooler outside air while the standing and applauding audience was still registering its enthusiasm•. Hearin~ the handclappin,g from the outside one girl shouted, "They're stili clapping!" On that Signal the full Choir returned to the chapel for an encore. The visit produced conviction that today's seminari- ans will be asking for the Whitworth College Choir to come back in the months ahead when they are serving in church pastorates.
Going or coming Golden Gate bridge can be the gateway to a wonderful day off. Saturday was a free day and the busses returned to San Fran- Moments of relaxation and a time in the sun were highlights of the Cali- cisc~ for a day of sightseeing. and recreation. By now it was felt the fornia stops. Generally the weather was excellent, with the exc.eption of Ch~lr had .e~rned ~ short v~catlon. The T~ur was, after all, taking place a rainy morning in San Francisco. There was a minimum of this sort of rec- dunng offiCial Sprmg VacatIOn. Other Whitworth students were at their reation, however. Between long hauls between appearances, and intensive homes for these ten days. The Choir members were, it would seem, at rehearsals in each new location, students and director alike found them- least entitled to one free day. If not the Choir members, certainly the selves with their noses to the proverbial grinding wheel. Perhaps it was bus drivers. There were some who were disappointd in the fact that there the pace that helped the personnel savor their spare moments the more. would not be a Saturday concert. They got their share of reward Sunday morning when they stood on risers and sang three hours during ecnsecu- tive church services . ..
Among those who enjoyed a sunny Music majors and Choir members.. are not uri-typical students. On a sunny afternoon in San Francisco were the afternoon in Sacramento they, too, like to enjoy the park on the capitol beachcombers. A stroll along the grounds. The troupe arrived from Walnut Creek with two hours to spare - sandy frontier of the Pacific Ocean before rehearsal time was called, and took full advantage of the time. In was the ticket to a few moments of spite of their free-day in San Francisco, the morning program had seemed true relaxation and escape from the to come just a little too early and lasted just a little too long, and now another hour's practice plus hour-and-a-half in concert were just ahead. PUShof the Tour. Others found their But more than that there was another consideration extracting its energy break from the routine shopping in toll; many of the students were acutely aware of the fact that classes San Francisco stores and riding the • would begin the next day back on campus, and they would miss the first cable cars. As in every city, there two days after vacation because they would still be on tour. They were were those who had friends and ret. concerned over term papers that were coming due, and final examinations atives to visit. There were groups not too far away. Other students might have used the Spring Vacation to which spent most of the day walking get caught up on some of their studies but this was not a luxury available through the fascinating San Fran- to Choir members. Nevertheless, in the Choir are art majors, psychology cisco Chinatown. Some even took majors, sociology majors, education majors and students from all the time before the evening was over to other areas of academic discipline. Their dedication to the Choir makes take in a concert at a neighboring their academic job just a bit more difficult, but not impossible. They must private college. maintain a high grade point average to stay in Choir.
looking out across San Francisco Bay at "The Rock" must have produced mixed reactions for some Whitworth students. There were those for whom it prompted discussions of "The Bird Man of Alcatraz." There were others who saw it as a symbol of an inept ..b society which had not yet learned to. ," deal with its problems (perhaps the ~ fact that this one prison was closed down was considered significant of j progress). Certainly there were stu- ~ dents reminded of the psychological jails in which some groups of people ....-1 find themselves as a result of intlex- ible attitudes and prejudices. For those of the Choir who had just spent \ four hours talking with people in _\ Haight-Ashbury it was obvious that prisons come in many forms, and some of them are self-constructed. Back at Whitworth by Tuesday evening,.. rehearsals were not yet over. There Fishermen's Wharf in San Francisco was one more concert on the schedule-a Home Concert during Parents' was the rendezvous point for the Weekend in Cowles Memorial Auditorium. It may seem like a lot of work with students riding busses on to Walnut little reward to an outsider, but there must be something to it: after all, Creek for lodging Saturday night. nearly all of those Choir members who don't graduate this year will be back on the risers during next year's concert tour and there may be another indio . !I Some had made previous arrange- -~. • ments to stay with friends or rela- cation of the significance of Choir Tour. Among the choir members were ~~ tives in San Francisco or other com- the President of the Black Student Union, active members of the Concerned ~ munities in the Bay area. The Wharf White Students, representatives of highly conservative and of very liberal was also a good place to meet families and backgrounds, students from a wide range of socia-economic friends, discuss plans, and have a and religious and cultural environments. Their interests ranged from sports meal out. Most of the students had to the very philosophical and highly aesthetic. There were those just plan- been pinching pennies from their ning on marriage, those already married, and those would-be confirmed lunch allowances for the Tour in bachelors. There were pacifists, those awaiting draft, and those eagerly order to have enough left over for a looking forward to military service, including one student who spends his special dinner in San Francisco. A summers in marine reserve training. With this wide diversification of in- number of these decided the best terest and attitudes, following the final concert of the tour it was more way to be at the busses when they than impressive to see the group become emotional and sentimental over left Fishermen's Wharf for Walnut Creek was to eat dinner nearby. Others were the fact that the Tour was finished. There were tears and embraces that more bold, and had dinner deeper into the city. Contrary to some expectations, mingled and crossed all barriers of diversity. It made all those who all personnel were aboard the busses with precision and the Tour was back watched swell a bit with pride at having been associated even briefly with underway on schedule without hitch after the day off. the outstanding ambassadors for Whitworth College. WHITWORTH ADOPTS ("("M
ALVIN B. QUALL and business men to teach elective courses evenings and Director of Graduate Studies weekends; e.g. a three-hour course in urban-planning or architecture. 2) Hold a career seminar on campus every Whitworth College year or two inviting qualified men from the business and professional world. 3) Strengthen the pre-courses. In Whitworth College has adopted a "mutual-means" addition to pre-medics, pre-ministerial, and pre-engineer- approach in its desire to equitably solve such problems ing, the curricula needs pre-architecture, pre-urban plan- as "What kind of food service should we have in our ning, pre-agriculture, and many others. Most of these dining halls?" "Should students evaluate the professors?" should be two-year courses only with adequate meshing and "What can we do to improve education opportuni- with courses in the state universities. Students should be ties for minority groups?" discouraged from drifting along through four years of "The "mutual-means" approach draws its resources 'liberal arts'." from students, parents, faculty members, board of trus- Richard Jones, a 1957 alum serving on the Student tee members, and the administration. It derives from Life Committee, says "I've been impressed with the each group the knowledge and insight which each holds candid way in which topics and resolutions have been in the light of that group's experience in their particular discussed and accepted. At the same time, I'm becoming segment of today's society. somewhat concerned over the direction which Whit- The parents of college students are the most illogically worth seems to be going in trying to appease the minority and thoroughly disfranchised of all ~roups concerned groups on campus. with improving campus life. We have student and fac- "Strengthening and updating such services as Student ulty protests, but few seem to be listening to what parents Health and the Guidance Center seem necessary to better have to say. Since they have a vital interest in the pres- meet the needs of the students. It seems imperative that ent and future of their offspring, Whitworth has made a somehow the spiritual life of the students be guided by concerted effort to find out what parents want for their a chaplain whose role is better defined. I am somewhat sons and daughters. puzzled as to what possible good could come from smok- Whitworth has made six specific contacts with parents. ing on campus and open dorms. I personally do not These include interviewing parents and soliciting state- favor either. I feel the committee is facing many im- ments from them. portant problems and is resolving them with Whitworth Parents' comments range from extremely critical to COllege's future explicitly in mind." highly favorable. "In too many cases students have for- Faculty members, along with students, occupy the gotten what they come to college for," said Mrs. Gerhard "center of the stage" in higher education. In addition Roth. "I think they should come for a better life and a to their teaching, faculty members are asked to assume better way of living in the future. There are some things major responsibility for curriculum planning, research, we have to hang on to. For example, we need to remem- and improvement of classroom instruction. Whitworth ber the other person. Too many students are only inter- College has inaugurated a 4-1-4 curricular program. ested in what can be done for them. They are too '1- This plan provides for a student to enroll in four full centered'." courses in the fall term of 14 weeks, one full course in "I am vitally interested that our son and daughter the January term of four weeks, and four full courses in should receive from Whitworth College a good, sound the spring term of 14 weeks. education," said Mrs. A. H. Fogelquist. "I want them to "I am very enthusiastic about Whitworth's change in learn to think things through, to have their appetites calendar," said Dr. Ron Short, a psychology professor. for knowledge whetted, to see the wider horizon that "If I were given a free hand to provide the administra- increased knowledge brings; all of this, set against the tive institutional structures necessary for teacher-student background of a Christian school, so that when they go creativity, the plan would be very similar to the 'January forth from college they can separate the 'wheat from term.' We have the greatest amount of freedom possible the chaff' in the problems that life has waiting for them. in designing and implementing courses." I believe that the college should uphold the laws and "As I work with the Student Life Committee," re- values set by many years of tradition; that it should not marked Shirley Richner, an education professor, "I am have a double standard of entrance to the college for impressed by the wide range of views concerning both different classes of people; nor should tests be graded our problems and possible solutions. Instead of being a in such a manner. In so doing the college makes a roadblock, these differing views actually broaden the mockery of itself." understanding of each of us. When a recommendation A 1946 alum, John Worth, made these recommenda- is made, each group understands the thinking behind the tions for improving the curriculum. "1) Bring the decision and is better able to explain it to the group 4 world on to the campus by hiring successful professional which he represents." VAL MEANS" APPROACH The central college administration, which generally possible search for pertinent information. This leads me consists of the president, deans, and registrar, is respon- to confess that (for various reasons) too frequently pol- sible for all of the programs and acts associated with an icy decisions have been made by governing boards acting institution. If enrollment drops, or if a student is caught in isolation, or at best, after only conferring with ad- throwing eggs at soldiers in a military parade, the ad- ministrative officers. Actions are often taken without ministration is held accountable. There are frequent information having been provided by the faculty or occasions when college members distinguish themselves students who would be affected." academically or athletically. However, many campuses Much of the board members' contribution consists of are distraught with student protests which range from serving in leadership roles. Dr. William R. Lindsay, a mild vocal criticisms to destructive attacks on teachers, trustee and minister of the First Presbyterian Church in faculty offices,' and classroom buildings. Spokane, is currently heading a "Student Life Study Whitworth administrators are trying to plan a modern Committee" composed of 10 regular members and six college curriculum (the 4.1-4), satisfy social needs, and ex-officio members. The regular members consist of provide religious activities which will contribute to representatives from the board, faculty, students, alumni, wholesome academic endeavor in a community of under- and administration. standing and good will. Using an interview approach and committee evalua- "The process is constant, but the media must vary," tion, members of the group hope to gain insight into 17 stated Dr. Clarence Simpson, dean of the faculty. "Long- different areas of campus life. These extend from health term committees, I feel, become a part of the 'establish- service to student participation in college policy making. ment' and lose their power to represent the publics we In the early part of 1966-67 school year a group of are concerned with. Recently a series of ad hoc commit- Whitworth students varying in number from eight to tees on specific topics-social life, spiritual life, academic ten met, as they said, "to gripe about college life on the program, student personnel services-have worked well. campus." This group was made up of two student body These committees are chaired by trustees. They also in- officers, including the associated student body president clude students, faculty members, administrators, and and representatives from practically all areas of college alumni. Parents of students, though not appointed as life. The students with the counsel of three faculty such, are on these committees and add a significant members prepared a "White Paper" which evaluated the dimension to the evaluation and planning." social, academic, and religious experiences at Whitworth. "I see a new and vital aspect in the role of student The dean of the faculty arranged for this paper to be government which can be meaningful to a college cam- presented, by the students, to the entire faculty at a pus," observed Lillian Whitehouse, Dean of Women. regularly scheduled meeting. This presentation has "The president of the Associated Students of Whitworth brought about several changes. The most notable results College is delegated to appoint student members to all to date include: 1) The appointment of students to college committees that are in any way related to student actively participate on significant committees. These in- interests. The appointees have proven to be concerned clude Academic Cabinet, Chapel Committee, Student with the direction of the college showing insight as they Union Committee, Social and Recreational Life Com- make thoughtful and responsible contributions. The mittee, Student Convocational Committee, and Great student members have the same voting power as faculty Books Committee. 2) A modification of the chapel and administration." schedule. 3) The development of a scale for evaluating Policy. making has generally been the exclusive func- teaching effectiveness, constructed by students. 4) Wide tion of governing boards. However, the trend toward participation on the "Student Life Committee" which is greater student and faculty participation in this area currently evaluating the social, academic, and religious poses the question, "What can board members do best?" campus programs. 5) The establishing- of the Martin It would appear that regents can contribute most to an Luther King Memorial Scholarship Fund. 6) The intro- institution when they draw largely on their business and duction of a course in Afro-American history and culture. professional experiences. Various views have been ex- Students are generally eager for change and are pressed. anxious to evaluate their committee privileges and class "The problem-solving format is used at Whitworth," experiences. "I appreciate the opportunity that being remarked board member Dr. William Richter. "It usu- on the Academic Cabinet gives me to express my ideas ally consists of some brief discussion by the convened that aren't necessarily conventional," said senior Chris board and recommendations A defect in the system Clark. "I also appreciate the acceptance and respect has been that too little information is presented, or from the faculty members on the cabinet. In other requested, or listened to, or considered ... The problem- words, I am not treated in an inferior manner simply solving method is quite different from the methods being because I am a student. This respect and acceptance verbalized by the faculty who insist on the broadest was something I did not expect." There is a general excitement centering on the Janu- Commencement Schedule ary courses. Sue Larose, a senior transfer student major- ing in business education, emphasized the importance Thursday, May 15 of flexible schedules. "It gives teachers freedom to teach 11: 00 a.m.-INVESTITURE the class they've always wanted to teach in the way Saturday, May 24- they've always wanted to teach it. I also like the small 9:30a.m.-ALUMNI REGISTRATION classes. The thing that makes the interim go is the 11: 30 a.m.-DR. ALDER GOLF TOURNAMENT closeness between members of the class." 12: 15 p.m.-ALUMNI REUNION LUNCHEON Sharon Dawson, a freshman town student, commented 2:00 p.m.-SENIORS· MUSIC RECITAL on the possibilities for individual research and approved 3:30 p.m.-CLASSES OF 1909 AND 1944 REUNION the pass-fail system's lack of pressure. "I wish we could AND TEA have a second subject for the break, I wanted something 6: 00 p.m.-ALUMNI RECEPTION in my field." f 6: 30 p.m.-COMMENCEMENT BANQUET "The Marine Biology course on Whidby Island was Sunday, May 25 an experience in learning by use of the senses," remarked 8:00 a.m.-PIRETTE ALUMNAE BREAKFAST junior Mary Beth Bostwick in commenting on the "Jan" 10: 00 a.m.-BACCALA UREATE SERVICE term. "By watching organisms in their natural environ- 11: 45 a.m.-NO-HOST LUNCHEON ment, observing their behavior in the lab, touching, *2: 30 p.m.-79th ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT smelling, and in some cases, even tasting them, I gained Following Commencement-SENIOR RECEPTION more insight than pure booklearning could have ever imparted. Our time was our own to be used when we *Admission by reserved tickets only until 2: 20 p.m. after which pleased for work on individual projects, collecting, ob- time the general public will be seated. serving, and recreation, but I discovered that I have been so accustomed to rigid scheduling and continual work that guilt feelings arose when I relaxed. I had to force myself to accept free time and an unstructured environment. This new freedom and responsibility, al- though occasionally causing confusion, was beneficial in the long-run to the attitude and unity of the group." The "mutual means" approach to college administra- tion is based on the assumption that parents, faculty members, board of trustee members, administrators, and students all have something unique to contribute to college life. If these groups are allowed to express them- selves in the ways described and in other ways that may be discovered, there will be better solutions to current campus problems. •
FLETCHER COMMENCEMENT SPEAKER United States Undersecretary of Labor Arthur Fletcher will be the speaker for 1969 Commencement exercises on May 25 in Cowles Memorial Auditorium at Whit- worth College. Fletcher was appointed to the post in Washington, D.C., from his position in Washington state as a Special Assistant on Urban Affairs for Gov- Perhaps the most outstanding part of recent involvements ernor Daniel J. Evans. of the Black Student Union and the Whitworth Administra- The Baccalaureate will be delivered by Rev. William tion was the fact that communications between factions and groups never broke down. There were differences of Tatum. Rev. Tatum is a Whitworth graduate and is opinion, but the fact that discussion continued made it currently serving the pastorate at the Mercer Island possible for agreements to be reached and stalemates to be bypassed. Almost equally impressive was the orderliness Presbyterian Church. He is Chairman of the Urban Af- with which the BSU conducted its part of the affair. 800n- fairs Committee of the Washington-Alaska Synod. to-be Acting President Dr. Clarence Simpson complimented the leadership of the black students, and as it became ap- Prior to accepting the appointment in Olympia and parent that progress was being made toward cooperative subsequently in Washington, D.C., Fletcher was a candi- efforts to solve mutual problems, Dr. Simpson said, "'Ve are determined to face this race situation as a Christian date for Lt. Governor of Washington state and had College." Dr. Simpson emphasized, "There is no conflict served on the city council of Pasco, Washington. He is between the administration and the students. We are working for the same cause." credited with being the founder of the East Pasco Self- President Dr. Mark Koehler underscored Dr. Simpson's Help Cooperative Association. comments with the statement, "Clarification and under- standing are emerging." A Special Report Who's • In Charge?
Trustees ... presidents ... faculty ... students, past and present: who governs this society that we call 'the academic community'?
HE CRY has been heard on many a campus Here is one reason: this year. It came from the campus neigh- ~ Nearly 7-million students are now enrolled in . borhood, from state legislatures, from cor- the nation's colleges and universities. Eight years Tporations trying to recruit students as em- hence, the total will have rocketed past 9.3-million. ployees, from the armed services, from the donors of The conclusion is inescapable: what affects our col- funds, from congressional committees, from church leges and universities will affect unprecedented groups, from the press, and even from the police: numbers of our people-and, in unprecedented "Who's in charge there?" ways, the American character. Surprisingly the cry also came from "inside" the Here is another: colleges and universities-from students and alumni, ~ "The campus reverberates today perhaps in from faculty members and administrators, and even part because so many have come to regard [it] as from presidents and trustees: the most promising of all institutions for developing "Who's in charge here?" cures for society's ills." [Lloyd H. Elliott, president And there was, on occasion, this variation: "Who of George Washington University] should be in charge here?" Here is another: . ~ "Men must be discriminating appraisers of TRANGE QUESTIONS to ask about these highly their society, knowing coolly and precisely what it is organized institutions of our highly organ- about society that thwarts or limits them and there- ized society? A sign, as some have said, that fore needs modification. S our colleges and universities are hopelessly "And so they must be discriminating protectors chaotic, that they need more "direction," that they of their institutions, preserving those features that have lagged behind other institutions of our society nourish and strengthen them and make them more in organizing themselves into smooth-running, free." [john W. Gardner, at Cornell University] efficient mechanisms? But who appraises our colleges and universities? Or do such explanations miss the point? Do they Who decides whether (and how) they need modify- overlook much of the complexity and subtlety (and ing? Who determines what features to preserve; perhaps some of the genius) of America's higher which features "nourish and strengthen them and educational enterprise? make them more free?" In short: It is important to try to know. Who's in charge there? THE LETTER of the law, the people in Who'sin Charge-l . charge of our colleges and universities are the trustees or regents-25,OOO of them, B according to the educated guess of their The Trustees principal national organization, the Association of Governing Boards. "In the long history of higher education in America," said one astute observer recently, ,
Copyright 1969 by Editorial Projects for Education, Inc. "trustees have seldom been cast in a heroic role." men) had dismissed a liberal theologian from the For decades they have been blamed for whatever faculty. The board reinstated him, and the strike faults people have found, with' the nation's colleges ended. A year ago the board was reconstituted to and universities. consist of 15 clerics and 15 laymen. (A similar shift Trustees have been charged, variously, with to laymen on their governing boards is taking place representing the older generation, the white race, at many Catholic colleges and universities.) religious orthodoxy, political powerholders, business ~ A state college president, ordered by his and economic conservatism-in short, The Estab- trustees to reopen his racially troubled campus, re- lishment. Other critics-among them orthodox signed because, he said, he could not "reconcile theologians, political powerholders, business and effectively the conflicts between the trustees" and economic conservatives-have accused trustees of other groups at his institution. not being Establishment enough. '
On occasion they have earned the criticisms. In ow DO MOST TRUSTEES measure up to the early days of American higher education, when their responsibilities? How do they react most colleges were associated with churches, the to the lightning-bolts of criticism that, trustees were usually clerics with stern ideas of what H by their position, they naturally attract? should and should not be taught in a church-related We have talked in recent months with scores of institution. They intruded freely in curriculums, trustees and have collected the written views of courses, and the behavior of students and faculty many others. Our conclusion: With some notable members. (and often highly vocal) exceptions, both the On many Protestant campuses, around the turn breadth and depth of many trustees' understanding of the century, the clerical influence was lessened of higher education's problems, including the touch- and often withdrawn. Clergymen on their boards of iness of their own position, are greater than most trustees were replaced, in many instances, by people suspect. businessmen, as the colleges and universities sought Many boards of trustees, we' found, are showing truste-es who could underwrite their solvency. As deep concern for the views of students and are going state systems of higher education were founded, they to extraordinary lengths to know them better. In- too were put under the control of lay regents or creasing numbers of boards are rewriting their trustees. by-laws to include students (as well as faculty Trustee-faculty conflicts grew. Infringements of members) in their membership. academic freedom led to the founding, in 1915, of William S. Paley, chairman of CBS and a trustee the American Association of University Professors. of Columbia University, said after the student out- Through the association, faculty members developed breaks on that troubled campus: and gained wide acceptance of strong principles of "The university may seem [to students J like just academic freedom and tenure. The conflicts eased- one more example of the establishment's trying to but even today many faculty members watch their run their lives without consulting them .... It is institution's board of trustees guardedly. essential that we make it possible for students to In the past several years, on some campuses, work for the correction of such conditions legitimate- trustees have come under new kinds of attack. ly and effectively rather than compulsively and ~ At one university, students picketed a meeting violently .... of the governing board because two of its members, "Legally the university is the board of trustees, they said, led companies producing weapons used in but actually it is very largely the community of the war in Vietnam. teachers and students. That a board of trustees ~ On another campus, students (joined by some should commit a university community to policies faculty members) charged that college funds had and actions without the components of that com- been invested in companies operating in racially munity participating in discussions leading to such divided South Africa. The investments, said the commitments has become obsolete and unworkable." students, should be canceled; the board of trustees Less often than one might expect, considering, should be censured. some of the provocations, did we find boards of ~ At a Catholic institution, two years ago, most trustees giving "knee-jerk" reactions even to the students and faculty members went on strike be- most extreme demands presented to them. Not very cause the trustees (comprising 33 clerics and 11 lay- long ago, most boards might have rejected such The role of higher education's trustees often is misinterpreted and misunderstood As others seek a greater voice, presidents are natural targets for their attack demands out of hand; no longer. James M. Hester, HO'S IN CHARGE? Every, eight years, the president of New York University, described the on the average, the members of a change: ' col1ege or university board must "To the activist mind, the fact that our board W provide a large part of the answer of trustees is legal1y entrusted with the property and by reaching, in Vice-Chancellor Boyer's words, privileges of operating an educational institution is "the most crucial decision a trustee will ever be more an affront than an acceptable fact. What is cal1ed upon to make." considered relevant is what is called tr& social They must choose a new president for the place reality, not the legal authority. and, as they have done with his predecessors, dele- "A decade ago the reaction of most trustees and gate much of their authority to him. presidents to assertions of this kind was a forceful The task is not easy. At any given moment, it has statement of the rights and responsibilities of a been estimated, some 300 col1eges and universities private institution to do as it sees fit. While faculty in the United States are looking for presidents. The control over the curriculum and, in many cases, qualifications are high, and the requirements are so student discipline was delegated by most boards exacting that many top-flight persons to whom a long before, the power of the trustees to set university presidency is offered turn down the job. policy in other areas and to control the institution As the noise and violence level of campus protests financial1y was unquestioned. has risen in recent years, the search for presidents "Ten years ago authoritarian answers to radical has grown more difficult-and the turndowns more questions were frequently given with confidence. frequent. Now, however, authoritarian answers, which often "Fellow targets," a speaker at a meeting of col- provide emotional release when contemplated, some- lege presidents and other administrators cal1ed his how seem inappropriate when delivered." audience last fall. The audience laughed nervously. The description, they knew, was all too accurate. ARESULT, trustees everywhere are re-exam- "Even in the absence of strife and disorder, ining their role in the governance of academic administrators are the men caught in the col1eges and universities, and changes middle as the defenders-i-and, altogether too often A seem certain. Often the changes will be these days, the beleaguered defenders-of institu- subtle, perhaps consisting of a shift in attitude, as tional integrity," Logan Wilson, president of the President Hester suggested. But they wil1 be none American Council on Education, has said. "Al- the less profound. though col1ege or university presidencies are still In the process it seems likely that trustees, as highly respected positions in our society, growing Vice-Chancellor Ernest L. Boyer of the State Uni- numbers of campus malcontents seem bent on doing versity of New York put it, will "recognize that the everything they can to harass and discredit the col1ege is not only a place where past achievements performers of these key roles." are preserved and transmitted, but also a place This is unfortunate-the more so because the where the conventional wisdom is constantly sub- harassment frequently stems from a deep misunder- jected to merciless scrutiny." standing of the col1ege administrator's function. Mr. Boyer continued: The most successful administrators cast them- "A board member who accepts this' fact will selves in a "staff" or "service" role, with the well- remain poised when surrounded by cross-currents of being of the faculty and students their central con- controversy .... He will come to view friction as an cern. Assuming such a role often takes a large essential ingredient in the life of a university, and measure of stamina and goodwill. At many in- vigorous debate not as a sign of decadence, but of stitutions, both faculty members and students ha- robust health. bitually blame administrators for whatever ails them "And, in recognizing these facts for himself, the -and it is hard for even the most dedicated of ad- trustee will be equipped to do battle when the ministrators to remember that they and the faculty- col1ege-and implicitly the whole enterprise of student critics are on the same side. higher education-is threatened by earnest primi- "Without administrative leadership," philosopher tives, single-minded fanatics, or calculating dema- Sidney Hook has observed, "every institution ... gogues." runs down hill. The greatness of a university consists , .
f .n~ t (~ -:
Who's in Charge-II The President A college'sheart is itsfaculty. What part should it have in running the place? predominantly in the greatness of its faculty. But 'whether one approved it or not, was similarly de- faculties ... do not themselves build great faculties. cisive. He confronted student demonstrators, prom- To build great faculties, administrative leadership ised to suspend any faculty members or students is essential." who disrupted the campus, reopened the institution- Shortly after the start of this academic year, under police protection, and then considered the however, the American Council on Education re- dissidents' demands. leased the results of a survey of what 21040 ad- But looking ahead, he said, "We must eventually ministrators, trustees, faculty members, and students put campus discipline in the hands of responsible foresaw for higher education in the 1970's. Most faculty and student groups who will work coopera- thought "the authority of top administrators in tively with administrations .... " making broad policy decisions will be significantly eroded or diffused." And three out of four faculty o,s INCHARGE?"Howeverthe power members said they found the prospect "desirable." mixture may be stirred," says Dean Who's in charge? Clearly the answer to that W. Donald Bowles ofAmerican Uni- question changes with every passing day. Wversity, "in an institution aspiring to quality, the role of the faculty remains central. No ITH IT ALL,the job of the president president can prevail indefinitely without at least has grown to unprecedented propor- the tacit support of the faculty. Few deans will last tions. The old responsibilities of lead- more than a year or two if the faculty does not W ing the faculty and students have approve their policies." proliferated. The' new responsibilities of money- The power of' the faculty in the academic ac- raising and business management have been heaped tivities of a college or university has long been recog- . on top of them. The brief span of the typical presi- nized. Few boards of trustees would seriously con- dency-about eight years-testifies to the roughness sider infringing on the faculty's authority over what of the task. goes on in the classroom. As for the college or Yet a president and his administration very often university president, he almost always would agree exert a decisive influence in governing a college or with McGeorge Bundy, president of the Ford Foun- university. One president can set a pace and tone dation, that he is, "on academic matters, the agent that invigorate an entire institution. Another presi- and not the master of the faculty." dent can enervate it. A joint statement by three major organizations At Columbia University, for instance, following representing trustees, presidents, and professors has last year's disturbances there, an impartial fact- spelled out the faculty's role in governing a college finding commission headed by Archibald Cox traced or university. It says, in part: much of the unrest among students and faculty "The faculty has primary responsibility for such members to "Columbia's organization and style of fundamental areas as curriculum, subject matter administration" : and methods Whd'sin Charge-III The Faculty Who'sin Charge-IV The Students which he will accommodate his course to others in the sequence. The question then becomes: What restructuring is possible or desirable within the context of the professor's academic freedom?" 0THERPHENQMENON has af- fected the faculty's role in governing the colleges A:and universities in recent years. Louis T. Benezet, president of the Claremont Graduate School and University Center, describes it thus: "Socially, the greatest change that has taken place on the American campus is the pro- fessionalization of the faculty .... The pattern of faculty activity both inside and outside the institution , has changed accordingly. "The original faculty corporation was the univer- sity. It is now quite unstable, composed of mobile professors whose employment depends on regional or national conditions in their field, rather than on an organic relationship to their institution and even less on the relationship to their administrative resolution than the present difficulties unless both heads .... faculty members and students soon gain widened "With such powerful changes at work>strengthen- perspectives on issues of university governance." ing the professor as a specialist, it has become more difficult to promote faculty responsibility for edu- HO'SIN CHARGE?Todaya new group cational policy." has burst into the picture: the col- Said Columbia trustee William S. Paley: "It has lege and university students them- been my own observation that faculties tend to as- W selves. sume the attitude that they are a detached ar- The issues arousing students have been numerous. bitrating force between students on one hand and Last academic year, a nationwide survey by Educa- administrators on the other, with no immediate tional Testing Service found, the Number 1 cause responsibility for the university as a whole." of student unrest was the war in Vietnam; it caused protests at 34 per cent of the 859 four-year colleges ET IN THEORY,at least, faculty members and universities studied. The second most frequent seem to favor the idea of taking a greater cause of unrest was dormitory regulations. This part in governing their colleges and year, many of the most violent campus demonstra- Y universities. In the American Council on . tions have centered on civil rights. Education's survey of predictions for the 1970's, In many instances the stated issues were the real 99 per cent of the faculty members who responded causes of student protest. In others they provided said such participation was "highly desirable" or excuses to radical students whose aims were less the "essential." Three out of four said it was "almost correction of specific ills or the reform of their col- certain" or "very likely" to develop. (Eight out of leges and universities than the destruction of the ten administrators agreed that greater faculty. par- political and social system as a whole. It is impor- ticipation was desirable, although they were con- tant to differentiate the two, and a look at the siderably less optimistic about its coming about.) dramatis personae can be instructive in doing so. In another survey by the American Council on Education, Archie R. Dykes-now chancellor of the THE LEFT-the "New Left," not to be con- University of Tennessee at Martin-interviewed fused with old-style liberalism-is Stu- 106 faculty members at a large midwestern univer- }\ dents for a Democratic Society, whose sity to get their views on helping to run the in- leaders often use the issue of university stitution. He found "a pervasive ambivalence in reform to mobilize support from their fellow students faculty attitudes toward participation in decision- and to "radicalize" them. The major concern of making." . SDSis not with the colleges and universities per se, Faculty members "indicated the faculty should but with American society as a whole. have a strong, active, and influential role in de- "It is basically impossible to have an honest cisions," but "revealed a strong reticence to give the university in a dishonest society," said the chairman time such a role would require," Mr. Dykes re- of SDSatColumbia, Mark Rudd, in what was a fairly ported. "Asserting that faculty participation is es- representative statement of the SDSattitude. Last sential, they placed participation at the bottom of year's turmoil at Columbia, in his view, was im- the professional priority list and deprecated their mensely valuable as a way of educating students colleagues who do participate." and the public to the "corrupt and exploitative" Kramer Rohfleisch, a history professor at San nature of U.S. society. Diego State College, put it this way at a meeting of "It's as if you had reformed Heidelberg in 1938," the American Association of State Colleges and an SDSmember is likely to say, in explanation of his Universities: "If we do shoulder this burden [of philosophy. "You would still have had Hitler's academic governance 1 to excess, just who will tend Germany outside the university walls." the academic store, do the teaching, and extend the The SDSwasfounded in 1962. Today it is a loosely range of human knowledge?" organized group with some 35,000 members, on The report of a colloquium at Teachers College, about 350 campuses. Nearly everyone who has New York, took a different view: "Future encoun- studied the SDSphenomenon agrees its members are ters [on the campuses] may be even less likely of highly idealistic and very bright. Their idealism has 'Student power' has many meanings, as theyoung seeka role in college governance Attached to a college (intellectually, led them to a disappointment with the society around them, and they have concluded it iscorrupt. Most SDS members disapprove of the Russian experience with socialism, but they seem to admire the Cuban brand. Recently, however, members re- turning from visits to Cuba have appeared disil- lusioned by repressive measures they have seen the government applying there. The meetings of sns-i-and, to a large extent, the activities of the national organization, generally- have an improvisational quality about them. This often carries over into the SDS view of the future. "We can't explain what form the society will take after the revolution," a member will say. "We'll just have to wait and see how it develops." In recent months the SDS outlook has become in- creasingly bitter. Some observers, noting the escala- tion in militant rhetoric coming from SDS head- quarters in Chicago, fear the radical movement soon may adopt a more openly aggressive strategy. Still, it is doubtful that SDS, in its present state of organization, would be capable of any sustained, conce;ted assault on the institutions of society. The organization is diffuse, and its members have a strong antipathy toward authority. They dislike carrying out orders, whatever the source. AR MORE INFLUENTIAL in the long run, most observers believe, will be the U.S. National Student Association. In the current spectrum Fof student activism on the campuses, leaders of the NSA consider their members "moderates," not radicals. A former NSA president, Edward A. Schwartz, explains the difference: "The moderate student says, 'We'll go on strike, rather than burn the buildings down.' " The NSA is the national organization of elected student governments on nearly 400 campuses. Its Washington office shows an increasing efficiency and militancy-a reflection, perhaps, of the fact that .many college students take student government much more seriously, today, than in the past. The NSA talks of "student power" and works at it: more student participation in the decision-making at the country's colleges and universities. And it wants changes in the teaching process and the traditional curriculum. In pursuit of these goals, the NSA sends advisers around the country to help student governments with their battles. The advisers often urge the students to take their challenges to authority to the L_------ emotionally) and detached (physically), alumni can be a great and healthy force participation-participation that gets down to the' courts, and the NSA'S central office maintains an up-to-date file of precedent cases and judicial 'nitty-gritty'-is of course difficult," Dean C. Peter Magrath of the University of Nebraska's College of decisions. Arts and Sciences has written. "Students are birds A major aim of NSA this year is reform of the academic process. With a $315,000 grant from the of passage who usually lack the expertise and Ford Foundation, the association has established a sophistication to function effectively on complex center for educational reform, which encourages university affairs until their junior and senior years. students to set up their own classes as alternative Within a year or two they' graduate, but the ad- models, demonstrating to the colleges and univer- ministration and faculty are left with the policies sities the kinds of learning that students consider they helped devise. A student generation lasts for four years; colleges and universities are more worthwhile. The Ford grant, say NSA officials, will be used to permanent." "generate quiet revolutions instead of ugly ones" Yale University's President Kingman Brewster, testifying before the National Commission on the on college campuses. The NSA today is an organiza- tion that wants to reform society from within,' ,Causes and Prevention of Violence, gave these four rather than destroy it and then try to rebuild. "prescriptions" for peaceful student involvement: Also in the picture are organizations of militant ~ Free expression must be "absolutely guaran- Negro students, such as the Congress for the Unity teed, no matter how critical or demonstrative it of Black Students, whose founding sessions at Shaw may be." University last spring drew 78 delegates from 37 ~ Students must have an opportunity to take colleges and universities. The congress is intended part in "the shaping and direction of the programs, as a campus successor to the Student Nonviolent activities, and regulations which affect them." Coordinating Committee, It will push for courses on ~ Channels of communication must be kept the history, culture, art, literature, and music of open, "The freedom of student expression must be Negroes. Its founders urged students to pursue their matched by a willingness to listen seriously." goals without interfering with the orderly operation ~ The student must be treated as an individual, of their colleges or jeopardizing their own academic with "considerable latitude to design his own activities. (Some other organizations ofblack students program and way of life." With such guidelines, accompanied by positive are considerably more militant.) And, as a "constructive alternative to the disrup- action to give students a voice in the college and tive approach," an organization called Associated university affairs that concern them, many observers Student Governments of the U.S.A. claims a mem- think a genuine solution to student unrest may be bership of 150 student governments and proclaims attainable. And many think the students' contribu- that it has "no political intent or purpose," only tion to college and university governance will be "the sharing of ideas about student government:" substantial, and that the nation's institutions of These are some of the principal national groups. higher learning will be the better for it. In addition, many others exist as purely local or- "Personally," says Otis A. Singletary, vice-chan- ganizations, concerned with only one campus or cellor for academic affairs at the University of Texas, "my suspicion is that in university reform, specific issues. the students are going to make a real impact on the CEPTFOR THOSE whose aim is outright dis- improvement of undergraduate teaching." ruption for disruption's sake, many such Says Morris B. Abram, president of Brandeis student reformers are gaining a respectful ,University: "Today's students are physically, emo- hearing from college and university ad- tionally, and educationally more mature than my E generation at the same age. Moreover, they have ministrators, faculty members, and trustees-even as the more radical militants are meeting greater become perceptive social critics of society. The re- resistance. And increasing numbers of institutions formers among them far outnumber the disrupters. have devised, or are seeking, ways of making the There is little reason to suppose that . . . if given students a part of the campus decision-making the opportunity, [they] will not infuse good judg- ment into decisions about the rules governing their process. It isn't easy. "The problem of constructive student lives in this community." -,' , Who's in Charge? Ideall~a Community As F~R as the academic community is concerned, n Benjamin Franklin's remark about hanging to- gether or hanging separately has never been more apt. The desire for change is better expressed in common future-making than in disputing who is in and who is out-or how far. -JOHN CAFFREY,American Council on Education ___ k~ _ ------_111 A college or university can be governed well only by a sense of its community HO'S IN CHARGE? Trustees and ad- Others-at the other end of the spectrum-demand ministrators, faculty members and the destruction of the whole enterprise, without students. Any other answer-any proposing any' alternatives. W authoritarian answer from one of If the colleges and universities survive these the groups alone, any call from outside for more demands, it will be because reason again has taken centralization of authority to restore "order" to hold. Men and women who would neither destroy the campuses-misses the point of the academic the system nor prevent needed reforms in it are enterprise as it has developed in the Un~ted States. hard at work on nearly every campus in America, The concept ofthat enterprise echoes the European seeking ways to keep the concept of the academic idea of a community of scholars-self-governing, community strong, innovative, and workable. self-determining- teachers and students sharing the The task is tough, demanding, and likely to con- goal of pursuing knowledge. But it adds an idea that tinue for years to come. "For many professors," from the outset was uniquely American: the belief said the president of Cornell University, James A. that our colleges and universities must not be self- Perkins, at a convocation of alumni,, "the time re- centered and ingrown, but must serve society. quired to regain a sense of campus community ... This idea accounts for putting the ultimate legal demands painful choices." But wherever that sense authority for our colleges and universities in the has been lost or broken down, regaining it is hands of the trustees or regents. They represent the essential. view of the larger, outside interest in the institu- The alternatives are unacceptable. "If this com- tions: the interest of churches, of governments, of the munity forgets itself and its common stake and people. And, as a part of the college or university's destiny," John Caffrey has written, "there are government, they represent the institution to the powers outside that community who will be only public: defending it against attack, explaining its too glad to step in and manage for us." Chancellor case to legislatures, corporations, labor unions, Samuel B. Gould, of the State University of New church groups, and millions of individual citizens. York, put it in these words to a committee of the Each group in the campus community has its own state legislature: interests, for which it speaks. Each has its own "This tradition of internal governance ... must- authority to govern itself, which it exercises. Each at all cost-be preserved. Any attempt, however has an interest in the institution as a whole, which well-intentioned, to ignore trustee authority or to it expresses. Each, ideally, recognizes the interests of undermine the university's own patterns of opera- the others, as well as the common cause. tion, will vitiate the spirit of the institution and, in That last, difficult requirement, of course, is time, kill the very thing it seeks to preserve." where the process encounters the greatest risk of breakdown. HO'S IN CHARGE THERE? The jigsaw "Almost any proposal for major innovation in the- puzzle, put together on the preced- universities today runs head-on into the opposition ing page, shows the participants: of powerful vested interests," John W. Gardner has W trustees, administrators, professors, observed. "And the problem is compounded by the students, ex-students. But a piece is missing. It must fact that all of us who have grown up in the aca- be supplied, if the answer to our question is to be demic world are skilled in identifying our vested accurate and complete. interests with the Good, the True, and the Beautiful, It is the American people themselves. 'By direct so that any attack on them is, by definition, and indirect means, on both public and private subversive. " colleges and universities, they exert an influence In times of stress, the risk of a breakdown is that few of them suspect. especially great. Such times have enveloped us all, The people wield their greatest power through in recent years. The breakdowns have occurred, on governments. For the present year, through the 50 some campuses-at times spectacularly. states, they have appropriated more than $5-billion Whenever they happen, cries are heard for in tax funds for college and university operating abolishing the system. Some demand that campus expenses alone. This is more than three times the authority be gathered into the hands of a few, who $1.5-billion of only eight years ago. As an expression would then tighten discipline and curb dissent. of the people's decision-making power in higher Simultaneously, much power is held by 'outsiders' usually unaware of their role education, nothing could be more eloquent. more of these places are external to the campus." Through the federal government, the public's The process began with the land-grant movement power to chart the course of our colleges and uni- of the nineteenth century, which enlisted higher versities has been demonstrated even more dramat- education's resources in the industrial and agri- ically. How the federal government has spent cultural growth of the nation. It reached explosive money throughout U.S. higher education has proportions in World War II, when the govern- changed the colleges and universities in a way that ment went to the colleges and universities for few could have visualized a quarter-century ago. desperately needed technology and research. After Here is a hard look at what this influence has the war, spurred by the launching of Russia's meant. It was written by Clark Kerr for the Sputnik, federal support ofactivities on the campuses Brookings Institution's "Agenda for the Nation," grew rapidly. presented to the Nixon administration: "Power is allocated with money," he wrote. ILLIONS OF DOLLARS every year went "The day is largely past of the supremacy of the to the campuses for research. Most of autocratic president, the all-powerful chairman of it was allocated to individual faculty the board, the feared chairman of the state appro- Mmembers, and their power grew pro- priations committee, the financial patron saint, the portionately. So did their independence from the all-wise foundation executive guiding higher educa- college or university that employed them. So did tion into new directions, the wealthy alumnus with the importance of research in their lives. Clearly his pet projects, the quiet but effective representa- that was where the money and prestige lay; at tives of the special interests. This shift of power can be seen and felt on almost every campus. Twenty years of federal impact has been the decisive in- fluence in bringing it about. "Decisions are being made in more places, and Who's in Charge-V The Public Illustrated by Jerry Dadds ------~-'------ many research-heavy universities, large numbers of ber, said that by 1976 federal support for the faculty members found that their teaching duties nation's colleges and universities must grow to somehow seemed less important to them. Thus the $13-billion a year. distribution of federal funds had substantially "What the American nation now needs from changed many an institution of higher education. higher education," said the Carnegie Commission, Washington gained a role in college and uni- "can be summed up in two words: quality and versity decision-making in other ways, as well. equality." Spending money on new buildings may have had no How far the colleges and universities will go in place in an institution's planning, one year; other meeting 'these needs will depend not basically on expenditures may have seemed more ",rgent. But those who govern the colleges internally, but on the when the federal government offered large sums public that, through the government, influences of money for construction, on condition that the them from without. institution match them from its own pocket, what "The fundamental question is this," said the board or president could turn the offer down? State University of New York's Chancellor Gould: Not that the influence from Washington was "Do we believe deeply enough in the principle of sinister; considering the vast sums involved, the an intellectually free and self-regulating university federal programs of aid to higher education have that we are willing to exercise the necessary caution been remarkably free of taint. But the federal power which will permit the institution-with its faults- to influence the direction of colleges and uni- to survive and even flourish?" versities was strong and, for most, irresistible. In answering that question, the alumni and Church-related institutions, for example, found alumnae have a crucial part to play. As former themselves re-examining-and often changing- students, they know the importance of the higher their long-held insistence on total separation of educational process as few others do. They under- church and state. A few held out against taking stand why it is, and must be, controversial; why federal funds, but with every passing year they it does, and must, generate frictions; why it is, found it more difficult to do so. Without accepting and must, be free. And as members of the public, them, a college found it hard to compete. " they can be higher education's most informed and persuasive spokesmen. HE POWER of the public to influence the Who's in charge here? The answer is at once campuses will continue. The Carnegie simple and infinitely complex. Commission on Higher Education, in The trustees are. The faculty is. The students are. Tits important assessment issued in Decem- The president is. You are. The report on this and the preceding 15 Naturally, in a report of such length and pages is the product of a cooperative en- scope, not all statements necessarily reflect deavor in which scores of schools, colleges, the views of all the persons involved, or of and universities are taking part. It was pre- their institutions. Copyright © 1969 by Edi- pared under the direction of the group listed torial projects for Education, Inc. All rights below, who form EDITORIAL PROJECTS FOR reserved; no part may be reproduced without EDUCATION, a non-profit organization associ- the express permission of the editors. Printed ated with the American Alumni Council. in U. S. A. WILLIAM S. ARMSTRONG GEORGE C. KELLER ROBERT M. RHODES Indiana University DOROTHY F. WILLIAMS Columbia University The University of Pennsylvania Simmons College DENTON BEAL JACK R. MAGUIRE STANLEY SAPLIN RONALD A. WOLK Carnegie-Mellon University The University of Texas New York University Brown University JOHN I. MATTILL DAVID A. BURR VERNE A. STADTMAN ELIZABETH BOND WOOD The University of Oklahoma Massachusetts Institute The Carnegie Commission 011 Sweet Briar College Technology MARALYN O. GILLESPIE of Higher Education CHESLEY WORTHINGTON KEN METZLER Swarthmore College FREDERIC A. STOTT CORBIN GWALTNEY The University of Oregon Phillips Academy, Andover WARREN GOULD Executive Editor RUSSELL OLIN George Washington University FRANK J. TATE JOHN A. CROWL The University of Colorado The Ohio State Unitersity CHARLES M. HELMKEN Associate Editor JOHN W. PATON CHARLES E. WIDMAYER American Alumni Council WILLIAM A. MILLER, JR. TVesleyan University Dartmouth College Managing Editor KAMM'S REPLACEMENT NAMED 'VVlltf words CAL RIEMCKE SPRING,1969 APRIL, 1969 VOLUME V NUMBER 3 NEW CAGE COACH BOARD OF DIRECTORS Dr. Mark L. Koehler, President of Whitworth College, Executive Committee has announced the appointment of Calvin A. Riemcke President as head basketball coach. Mr. Riemcke will assume his Mr. Richard Jones ...... •.•... N. 10606 Nelson Road, Spokane duties at Whitworth effective June, 1969. Secretary Mrs. Mary Spangenberg Rt. 1 - IS5A Borden Rd., Spokane r Forty-two-year-old Mr. Riemcke has for the past eleven Mrs. Virginia Ainley 819 Westover Rd., Spokane Mr. Larry Hagen Campus View, N. 104 University Housing years been a member of the Department of Health and Bloomington, Indiana Physical Education at the College of Marin in Kentfield, Mr. John Roth, Jr ...... •... E. 3609 Congress, Spokane California. He has done an outstanding job of teaching Mr. Richard Silk 11257 Lothair, Chicago, IJI. health education classes, physical education activity Mr. John Habbestad N. 2410 wedgewood, Spokane classes, and coaching basketball, golf, and tennis. National Board Members (includes Executive Committee) Miss Jane Kingman 2281 W. 4th St., New York, N.Y. Mr. Riemcke is an extremely effective basketball Mr. Lou Bani .4122 - 81st Pl., N.E., Marysville, Wn. coach. During his eleven years at the College of Marin Mr. Gordon Brandt. 1001 Brentwood Dr., Spokane he has won the Golden Valley Conference Championship Mr. R. Bruce McCullough 40 Oxford Drive, Lincolnshire, seven times and has won the Northern California Divi- Deerfield, III. Mr. Arthur Symons, Jr 1703 Rainier Street, Sumner, Wn. sion championship two times. He has never finished Mr. Melvin Fariss 1810 Bel Aire Drive, Glendale, Calif. lower than third in conference play. He has earned 199 Dr. Richard Gray Rt. #1, Box 1027, Bloomington, Ind. victories against 136 defeats while consistently playing the toughest of competition. He has one of the finest AREA CLUB REPRESENTATIVES coaching records in the state of California. Southern Oregon Area Mr. Bob Roach 4860 Freida, Klamath Falls, Ore. Among his more recent accomplishments Mr. Riemcke Northern Oregon Area was elected president of the California Junior College Rev. Bob Davis .••...... 8050 S.W. Brentwood, Portland, are. Basketball Coaches' Association. He has just completed Indiana Area the administrative leadership for the California State Dr. Richard Gray Rt. #1, Box 1027, Bloomington, Ind. Junior College play-offs in an outstanding fashion. Colorado Area Dr. Roy Howes ....••...... 531 S. College Ave., Fort Collins, Colo. Through the years he has offered the organizational Orange County Area Mr. William Orwin 12192 Stanford St., Garden Grove, Calif. leadership to conduct the college of Marin Basketball Princeton, New Jersey Area Coaches' Clinic which annually is second only to the Mr. Jon Freeberg Rm. #402 Hodge Hall, Princeton Seminary U.C.L.A. Basketball Coaches' Clinic as far as total at- New York Area, tendance is concerned. Miss Jane Kingman 228 W. 4th St., New York, N.Y. Illinois Area Along with his family he is active in his church and Mr. R. Bruce McCullough 40 Oxford Drive, Deerfield, Ill. carries these basic religious concepts into his coaching West L.A. Area endeavors. He started and offers leadership to the Rev. Robert Ryland 817 W. 34th, Los Angeles, Calif. East L.A. Area Fellowship of Christian Athletes at the College of Marin. Mr. John Fielding ...... ••...... 808 Genoa St., Monrovia, Calif. Seattle Area Coach Riemcke comes to Whitworth College with the Mr. Richard Barney 7328 -19th, NoW., Seattle, Wash. highest recommendations from the College of Marin, San Francisco Peninsula and while his leaving that college is recognized by them Rev. Robert Rhinehart 802 Revere Dr., Sunnyvale, Calif. as a most severe loss it is equally recognized by Whit- East Bay Area (San Francisco) worth as a great gain. Mr. Donald Wilson 1591 LaVerne Way, Concord, Calif. Tacoma Area Coach Riemcke replaces Richard Kamm who an- Mr. Arthur Symons, Jr.. 1703 Rainier St., Sumner, Wn. nounced his resignation earlier this year in order to take Bellingham Area Rev. Richard Cole 2647 Park Dr., Bellingham, Wn. up graduate studies to complete his doctorate. Washington, D.C. Area Mr. Robert Yearout. ... , ... 157 So. Virginia Ave., Falls Church, Va. He is a graduate of the University of California at Yakima Area Berkeley where he earned his Bachelor and Masters in Rev. Ronald Snelling ...... •.. .4005 Mountainview, Yakima, Wn. Physical Education. ~------. NO CHRISTIANS ARE FOUND IN ARAB REFUGEE CAMPS ~ ~.;'"',.. ~.J-'\- lAs each issue of the CAMPANILE CALL·WHITWOROSis mailed out we forced to take to the camps. Christians in the Middle are acutely aware of the fact that some alums will not receive their copies because they are behind Arab-Israeli lines and their mail is East have emphasized education to their children; stopped. This also reminds us that many of our readers have personal Christian schools have worked hard in this part of the interest in what is currently happening in the Middle-East. The follow- world to educate their own, and Muslims as well. One ing article is offered' as information which may indirectly involve some of the results of this is the assurance and self-reliance Whitworth AlumsJ that knowledge brings. By A. C. FORREST While we are putting in a good word for Christians in For Kerygma Features the Middle East, there are other characteristics that AMMAN, Jordan (KF) - About ten percent of the distinguish them. One is concern for others. The great population in the Bible lands is Christian. The rest are majority of workers and agencies helping refugees here Muslim. In the war Christians in the same percentage are Christian, supported by Christians in North America lost their lands and fled over the Jordan River. But and Europe. The simple Christian conviction that one there are no Christians in the refugee camps in Jordan. does what he can for others in trouble or in need is There is said to be a camp in Lebanon from the 1948 here an active principle. war that is "a Christian Camp." But among the 80 or 90 Another characteristic is that no one asks whether a thousand in the tents of East Jordan, for example, the refugee is Christian or not. He is a child of God, a mem- refugees are all Muslim. At Baq'a Camp near Jarash, ber of the human family; and that is enough. This is the ancient Roman ruins north of Amman, there are unfortunately not a universal human principle. The about 29,000 refugees, They have most basic facilities question about religion in the camp at Baq'a was com- in a limited sort of way. There are two bath houses pletely irrelevant. The workers there had obviously never with nineteen showers each, a library, a community cen- thought about it. ter, and UNRWA schools set up in tents. Another Christian characteristic is dramatized here The dust is deep at Baq'a, and the wind blows. In a by its absence. It is the Christian sense of congrega- YMCA tent there is a dart board that has been used so tion, or community. There are elements in the Muslim long it resembles a mound of hay. Baq'a has a sewing family life that substitute for it. But when the family is class, bakeries, a literacy class, a YWCA kindergarten, ruptured, as in the recent war, there is no community and a mosque. unit to take over the concerns of the destitute. I asked the UNRWA guide if there were a church. A senior refugee worker at Amman told me that what "But there are no Christians," the guide said. he, an American Lutheran layman, misses most are close friends and congregational ties at home. Comparisons between Christians and Muslims are senseless. A more fruitful pursuit would be to find out Some of the refugee camps would be easier places what the Koran has to teach us - which is quite a bit, to accept if in addition to the amenities they try to pro- and what roots these two faiths have in common. How- vide, voluntary agencies would attempt to develop the ever, the fact remains that Christians were apparently fellowship characteristic of the community of believers, more able to cope with upheaval when it came; and where even the unacceptable are accepted and burdens somehow they have made it on their own without being are shared. Whitworth Alum FUND DRIVE GOES "Blessed are the poor, , , for they shall inherit the Finds Music An earth." It would appear that the Alumni Office and a large number of Whitworth graduates stand to inherit a large portion of this continent if we can wait long Outlet to Service enough. But, until then, the fund drive will continue and alums both young and old are encouraged to con- Miss Margaret Toens received her bachelor degree in music from Whitworth College in 1955. After that she went on to finish at the sider a pledge. Union Theological Seminary School of Music, and has since been per- In the present day, private schools are more and more forming and working in the field of music in the New York City area. becoming dependent upon foundations for additional In the following letter to Professor and Mrs. Leonard Martin of the support. One question often asked is "what per cent of Whitworth Music Department, Miss Joens outlines some projects she is currently involved with. the alumni annually support the college?" That is one reason why it is felt the Whitworth alumni pledge cam- Dear Mr, and Mrs, Martin: paign can be very significant, even though the amount Very hurried but warm wishes and greetings, mainly to may be small. As one young grad put it, "I couldn't let you know about the Union trip to England, which I believe that $5.00 a month could help the school if it think we referred to when you were here last time. It didn't hurt me." was mainly the line on eligibility of musicians other In the first 15 days the Alumni Office received ap- than alumni in the current column that made me want proximately 15 new pledges and by the time this goes to get word to you as soon as possible (I can't consider to press they hope to have tripled the number. Gifts going, myself). to-date are over the $15,000.00mark. Most encouraging Also, the other propaganda has a particular motiva- has been the number of new contributors to the Alumni tion behind it - the string instruction program is off Fund and those who have joined the month Iy pledge the ground, still a little slowly, but moving. We expect campaign. to begin instruction in cello in the next week, and have a teacher lined up - she is well qualified and is also NOTES FROM THE DIRECTOR Negro. This points up an effort we're making to hire as After occupying this office for several months, great a percentage of Negro employees as possible. We your interim Alumni Director is beginning to recog- are also in the process of replacing the violin instruc- nize how the local life insurance agent must feel. tor, whose schedule has become too hectic for her to Everyone wants to see you for the payoff but no continue, and are looking for a Negro replacement for one wants to pay the bill. The complaint "all I her, I have had a couple of conversations recently with ever get from the Alumni Office is a request for Dorothy Maynor (Harlem School of the Arts) - both to money," is heard almost as much as the request ask her help on fund raising and to ask for suggestions for money itself. It is as if two people were talking of Negro violinists (her reply that if she knew any she to one another and neither one listening, or in the would be using them herself is indicative of the ex- words of a contemporary movie villain, "What we tremely low percentage of Negro string players - and have here is a lack of communication." In order to improve the communication between in the performing world in New York City, classical mu- Alumni and the office let me suggest a few ideas sic, that is - this seems to be the field with the highest that we have been toying with on the campus: and best paying employment). One well-informed friend A Whitworth alumnus is not an end product. says 75% of the string players are Jewish and 25% He is continually learning or at least should be. Oriental - mainly due to the high tolerance level of The role then of the Alumni Office should be two- their families during the early stages! Anyway, if we can fold, to educate the alumni as to what is being build a string tradition at Molt Haven (there are 8 of us learned on campus (for instance what are the 10 at the moment - 3 third graders, 3 teenage girls, 1 man most read books this year) and to serve as a center adult and myself) ( we bought 4 violins with money from for ideas and suggestions that Alumni might have the Crisis in the Nation offering - %, V2, 'l4 and full for educational development on campus. size - and have had instruction straight through from Another suggestion has been the use of Whit- June to the present and can all at least play non-vibra- worth as a center for developing significant social issue programs which might be implemented by to, first -position Christmas carols now) - it looks to me alums in large urban areas. For instance, Dr. Ron- like we will have something both very unique and very ald R. Short of the Whitworth PsychologyDepart- valuable to offer, in addition to giving our own church ment is attempting to develop a game or sirnula- music much greater resources to draw from. tion of urban confrontation. If it is successful all Anyway, all this to ask if you have any leads to phil- students both past and present should be familiar anthropists in the Northwest (or anywhere else) who with the findings and results. might see this as a particularly interesting project to In conclusion, the Alumni Office, its role, sig- support? (Both this program and the 25 student piano nificance and dimensions have hardly been lesson program are on a partial scholarship basis with touched. -DICK KAMM the students paying $1.75 per 40 minute lesson - su- pervised practice provided at the parish house on And if anyone should want to look us over at closer church instruments). It is for both the instruction and range, with a little help I'm sure we could arrange a the purchase of instruments that we need help, even summer tour to the Northwest with our choir and instru- though the denomination is picking up more and more mental ensemble! of the tab which till now has come primarily out of the Sorry to throw' all this at you at once, and it's done pockets of those of us here who believe in the program. pretty much on impulse - but just in case it should Also, if someone would rather help with an organ (!) we strike the right chord with someone I'll go ahead and have $6,000 toward our long-hoped-for 8 rank Moller mail this! ($20,000)_We'd love to have someone put up half for Sincerely, us to match! Margie 25 MARRIAGES 1 968 Mrs. Olson traveled to the Holy land during the holiday season with Foster WALSH, '69, and Jeanne Lois BAKER is teaching first grade Mrs. John R. Wigen of Spokane. HORNALL, '69, were married Febru- in Basin City Elementary School at They stopped in Rome and Athens ary 15, 1969, at Whitworth Presbyte- Mesa, Washington. enroute to the scenes of Jesus rian Church. Gladys DOUGLASS is serving as Christ's life and ministry. Mrs. Olson James LILES, '69, and Laurie acting principal of the Lake City remarks, "Evidences of the six-day HUMES, '68, were married June 29, Junior Academy in Coeur d'Alene, war in 1967 near the Dead Sea gave 1968. Idaho. reality to the determination that Is- Charles Adkison and Nancy Lou Steven JOHNSON is employed as rael has to be a strong nation." KUNTER '68, were married recently caseworker I with the Department Mrs. Olson also spoke to the at First Presbyterian Church in Palm- of Public Assistance in Spokane. Women's Association in Wilbur, dale, California. James LILES has enrolled at Washington, on April 24. Lt. Col. Alan W. Spang and Lt. Princeton Theological Seminary in Janet DALTDN, '67, were married in New J¥rsey. November, 1968. Jim MORLAN is teaching distribu- DR. MUNN IS BACK tive education at Shadle Park High A former dean of Whitworth Col- 1 939 School in Spckane. lege has returned to the faculty of Dr. Norman RICHARDSON has the school. Dr. Merton D. Munn, been selected as President of the EARLS SPEAKS HERE who was dean from 1941 to 1954, Olympic Community College in "As the music with which youth took up duties as a professor of edu- Bremerton, Washington. identify has increasingly and rapidly cation with the beginning of Spring changed, especially during the past Term. 1 955 two to three years, I began to try Dr. Munn is credited with devel- writing music which would speak to oping a professional nursing pro- Chaplain Robert B. LANTZ, pres- them and which would carry a mes- ently stationed at Eielson AFB in gram at Whitworth College in affili- sage for them." ation with the Deaconess Hospital Alaska, has been selected as one of Chester V. Earls is minister of the winners in the Freedom's Foun- in Spokane. The program, now re- education at First Methodist Church vised and operated jointly with other dation annual writing contest for his in Portland, Oregon. During the past entry entitled "Free Ballot - Free Spokane area colleges, is still un- eight years he has been heavily in- derway. Country." volved in Oregon Methodist Confer- ence youth work. He has written In other projects affecting Spo- 1 95 8 songs for young people and says, "I kane, Dr. Munn helped to organize a school of advertising in cooperation George J. TAYLOR recently re- believe the music is one contributor with the Advertising Association of ceived his Ph.D. in education from to the increased participation of the West and its affiliate, the Adver- ...J Michigan State University. youth in the past three years." Youth participation has increased tising and Sales Association of Spo- 1 9 60 five-foid at Mr. Earls' Portland kane. The program provides on-the- church and has quadrupled in con- job training for students. Ronald LINCE, '60, has joined the ference activities. A graduate of Dr. Munn also developed a pro- staff of Redmond High School in Whitworth College in Spokane Mr. gram for training journalists in coop- I. You have no doubt heard a person say, "I don't need a his dependents and to share his bounty with members will because I don't have very much money and of his family. Many are quite surprised to find anyway the law will take care of the distribution of my that they also have an ability to make contributions property." Yes, the law would distribute your property to their favorite charities that they may have been but the chances are that the distribution would not unable to make during their lifetime. Often such satisfy you if you were there to witness it. If you die contributions can be made in a way to insure more intestate (leaving no will), your property then passes "after tax dollars" with members of his family according to the lines of descent and distribution set by than would have otherwise been possible. law. Under the laws of intestacy your close relatives Everyone of adult age should have a will regardless will share in your estate, but most often not in the same of the size of his estate. If you have not made a will ratios and proportions that you would have wanted. or arc considering revising your present will, we invite you to write for our booklet "Making your WilL" What else might you lose by not leaving a will? Here This comprehensive brochure has been prepared by one are a few: of the nation's leading attorneys on taxation and • you can't choose your executor. estate planning. It includes, among other things, a handy check list of information your attorney will • you may tie up some of your assets. need to prepare your will. • your property may pass through two In writing a new will or making a change in a estates rather than one. present will you should consult your attorney. He is the • you may miss the opportunity to save taxes. only person adequately trained to execute a will. In addition, however, Whitworth College has • you lose the opportunity to share of your professionally trained personnel who are available to estate with other than the immediate assist you. For copies of the brochure "Making your members of your family. Will" or for further assistance please use the following One's first concern should be to adequately protect postage-free reply card. I am interested in learning more about how to make a will. o Please send me the descriptive brochure entitled "Making your 'Vill." o I would like to have a representative call. NAME ...... PHONE . 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