11111 New Series Vol. XXXVI No. 7 • Whole Series Vol. LXVI No. 3 • March 1976

3 Mission Memo 7 Editorials 8 Called to Replenish the Earth Charles Birch 15 Pastors to People Where They Work Ellen Clark 20 Two Contemporary Artists Look at the Bible 24 " New Life" for the Pham Family Tom E. Pray 29 Two Profiles " A" Is for Arnaldy Janet Harbison Penfield Jose Miguez Bonino-From Latin America to the World Scene Richard E. Chartier 34 Maundy Thursday Meditation J. Barrie Shepherd 36 Is There Hope in the Village? Ron O 'Grady 39 Critical Issues in Latin America-7: Dominican Republic 43 Books and Films 45 Letters 46 The Moving Finger Writes

COVER Spring Cherry Blossoms, Horst Schafer from P'hoto Trends

Editor, Arthur J. Moore, Jr.; Managing Editor, Charles E. Brewster Associate Editor, Ellen Clark; Art Director, Roger C. Sadler Designer, Karen Tureck; Administrative Assistant, Florence J. Mitchell

475 Riverside Drive, New York, New York 10027 Published Monthly (bimonthly, July-August) by the Board of Clobal Ministries of the United Methodist Church, Education and Cultivation Division , in association with the United Presby­ terian Church, USA.

Second-class Mail Privileges Authorized at New York, N.Y. Additional Entry at Nashville, Tennessee. Copyright 1976 by Board of Clobal Ministries of the United Methodist Church. No part of New World Outlook may be reproduced in any form without written permission from Editors. Printed in U.S.A.

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PHOTO CREDITS P. 8, John Mast; Pp. 9, 14, Wallowitch; Pp. 10, 12, 13, Da vid D. Miller ; P. 11 , Religious News Service; Pp. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, Ellen Clark; Pp. 20, 23, Three Lions ; Pp. 21 , 22, Kennedy Galleries, Inc.; Pp. 24, 27, Nick Ellis ; Pp. 29, 30, Janet Harbison Penfield; P. 31, World Council of Churches; Pp. 40, 41 , 42, Philip E. Wheaton. MISSION MEMO News and Analysis of Developments in Christian Mission

March, 1976

Guatemala. The most urgent medical work following the February 4 earthquake in Guatemala has now been completed but disease prevention is still necessary. Vac­ cines are not an urgent need, but provisions for safe water supplies are important. The focus of relief efforts is now on providing shelter for the more than 1 million who are homeless as a result of the country's worst natural disaster. Latest casu­ alty count is 22,402 dead, 74,415 injured. Food-for-work programs have been started by a number of relief agencies. The U.S. government has allocated $1 million for initial costs of assistance by U.S. engineers , including restoration of main roads. Other large donations have come from the International Red Cross and t he governments of Switzerland, Mexico, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Colombia and Nicaragua, among others. But two plane-loads of relief· supplies from Great Britain were turned back at the Guatemala City airport because Guatemala disapproves of Britain's support of neigh­ boring Belize, which Guatemala claims as its own territory. Working through Church World Service, the United Methodist Committee on Relief and the United Presbyterian Church have each released $30,000 as initial gifts, with more to be made available later. No special churchwide appeal is planned, but Advance Special gifts for Guate­ mala will be channeled directly into assistance. Some Latin American experts are concerned that the experience of Nicaragua, where relief funds were used by a re­ pressive government to restore the status quo, not be repeated in Guatemala. They cite Guatemala's 30 year opposition to land reform and have urged the government to give the land to the Indians, who make up more than half the population and have been working the land for years. All eighteen of the United Presbyterian Church's mission personnel in Guatemala and the ministers of the Presbyterian Church of Guatemcla are reported safe and out of danger.

South India. History was made by the 15th Synod of the Church of South India with the declaration that "men and women are both equally eligible for the ordained min­ istry of the church and the dioceses are authorized to recruit, train and ordain women to the office of presbyter." Two-thirds of the diocesan councils must ratify the decision. In addition, the Synod agreed that as a general policy women should make up not less than 25% of the membership of all commit t ees, corrmissions and coun­ cils of the dioceses and in the synod and youth should make up not less than one­ third of the total membership. The Church of South India was formed in 1947 by the union of Anglican, Presbyterian, Methodist and Congregational churches and has a membership of 1 .6 million. The synod also advised church members to miss a meal once a week and set aside the money for people in dire need.

Re-restructure. By a unanimous decision, the board of the United Presbyterian Church's Program Agency has called for a merger of the Program, Support, and Vaca - t ion agenc i es and the General Assembly Mission Council into one General Assembly Mi ss ion Agency. The reasoning is that the mission agencies have the· responsibility fo r mission, but not the authority 11 essential to fulfill that responsibility, 11 while the present Mission Council has the authority but not the responsibility. The United Presbyterian Church was last restructured after the Rochester General Assembly in 1971 .

Ecumenism . 11 The shape of ecumenism in our major metropolitan areas is in disas- trous condition compared with a few years ago, 11 according to United Presbyterian minister and National Council of Churches executive Dr. Nathan H. Vanderwerf. Dr. Vanderwerf gave his gloomy assessment prior to the opening of the National Council's Governing Board meeting in Atlanta. He also said it is a 11 myth 11 that there is a great surge of 11 grassroots 11 ecumehism across the country. 11 In my view there is not. The Consultation on Church Union, which is interested, as we are, in clusters, has found that the mortality rate among those groups is very high. 11 He also said that so-called 11 ecumenical staff 11 are an 11 endangered species. 11 He added, 11 somehow there is a belief abroad that no staff is necessary to get the ecumenical agenda done .... Experience does not uphold this belief. Ecumenism needs nurture, prodding, organ­ ization (of some kind) and continuity. Everyone's agenda is so full, someone is needed to do this. Voluntarism will not adequately fill this need. 11 The Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs Division held a conference for about thirty United Method­ ist ecumenical professors and scholars in North Carolina in early March to discuss the prospects of ecumenism.

Bishops . One of the proposals to come before delegates at the 1976 United Method­ ist General Conference will call for the election of bishops for a term of eight years instead of for life. The proposal comes as minority report of a study panel on Episcopacy and District Superintendency which reaffirmed life episcopacy. The minority report, which was signed by 7 of the 30-member study panel, agrees with the majority on everything but tenure for bishops and recommends that after eight years the individual would return to the conference from which he or she had been a member for appointment to a parish or 11 suitable church-related position. 11 Term episcopacy, says the minority report, 11 is more compatible with the mood of the church and of society today. 11 A survey which had 4,000 responses showed 53 percent of the parish ministers and 58.8 percent of the laity opposed life tenure for bish­ ops. The report says that 11 term episcopacy should ... 1es sen the tendency of bi shops to become autocratic during their term of service 11 and make it practical to elect younger bishops.

Angola. In testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Sub- committee on African Affairs on February 6, Bishop Ralph E. Dodge urged the United States to cease any covert or overt military involvement in Angola and 11 let the ma j ority of the people in that unfortunate country decide their own political fu­ ture. 11 He said the U.S. 11 missed the opportunity 11 to help Angola when help was sought and the 11 best thing we can do now is to admit we made a mistake. 11 Bishop Dodge was a missionary in Angola for 10 years prior to his election to the episcopa­ cy in 1956 and is personally acquainted with the leaders of the three liberation moveme nts. He said it has become 11 increasingly evident 11 that the MPLA faction has the back i ng of a large segment of the people of Angola. Personalia. The Rev. Franklin Woo, a United Presbyterian minister who has been for the last 16 years in Hong Kong in student Christian work and also as a chaplain at Chung Chi College, is the new Director of the China Program of the Division of Overseas Ministries of the National Council of Churches .. . . The UM Board of Church and Society has selected the Rev. George H. Outen as its top executive ; the nomina­ tion must be ratified in March by the General Council on Ministries . Outen, 44, is to take office as general secretary July l, succeeding the Rev. A. Dudley Wa rd. Outen is currently executive coordinator of discipleship resources on the General Board of Discipleship and has been active in Black Methodists for Church Renewal .. . . United Methodist Bishop Abel T. Muzorewa, who is in exile from Rhodesia and has been living in Mozambique, was reported to have made a trip to the Soviet Union in late February, but the purpose of the trip was unknown to New York official s . . .. Rev . La Verne D. Mercado, a United Methodist minister in the Philippines, was re-elected as General Secretary of the National Council of Churches in the Philippines. He is a former Crusade Scholar and has been a delegate to the World Council of Churches . . . .

Korea. Dr. Lee Oo Chung, a Presbyterian who is president of Church Women United i n Korea, was arrested March l after she read a statement at an ecumenical Mass in a cathedral in Seoul calling on President Park Chung Hee to rescind his emergency meas­ ures and resign. Eleven of South Korea's most prominent political dissidents signed the statement and some of them .were also arrested, including Drs . Such Nam Dong and Moon Dong Hwang, Presbyterians who are professors of theology, and Ham Sok Hon, a Quaker and a long-time civil rights leader in Korea. Kim Kwan Suk, the secretary general of the National Council of Churches, was also arrested but then released. Dr. Lee was a professor of Christian Ethics at Seoul Women's College until the end of February, when she was forced out of that position by the government for her sup­ port of the families of detained prisoners. Dr. Lee was in the United States last Fall and briefly addressed the annual meeting of the UM Board of Global Ministries and received a standing ovation for her witness in Korea .

Presbyterians. The Program Agency has recommended to the General Assem bl y Mission Council that minimum support be given to only one of two four-year minor i ty colleges and diminishing support be given to only two of the three two-year colleges and the two secondary schools for minority students . Diminishing fina nc ial resources were cited as the cause of the cutback. The board did not indicate which of its seven minority education institutions would no longer receive its upport . . .. The Vocation Agency has approved a plan to be sent to General Assembly recommending at least a "moderate level of living" for pastors and minimum salary ranges of $13,227.20 in metropolitan areas of the northeast to $10,180 in non-metropolitan areas in the South, including housing and utilities. The plan also urges that no pastor be paid more than half again as much as another in a similar position. Wealthier segments of the denomination would be asked to take responsibility for supporting ministry among poorer or discriminated-against segments.

Deaths. Rev. Gordon H. Skadra, executive director of the Un i ted Presbyterian Church's General Assembly Mission Council, died February 24 in New York of cancer. He was 43. Mr . Skadra was elected last May to the Church's highest administrative post in missions, a position parallel to that of the stated clerk of the Genera l As­ sembly. Before that, he was executive of the Synod of Lincoln Trails, in Il linoi s and Indiana .. .. Ha rriet Seibert, who served the Women's Division of the UM Board of Mi ssions at Women 's Army Corps training centers during World War II . and also served wi th the predecessor of the Education and Cultivation Division, died in Port Chester, New York, at the age of 83 . ... Dr . Dorcas Hall, a former Methodist missionary in Ind ia and later an executive secretary of the Woman's Section, Division of Education and Cultivation, died January 24 in Toledo, Ohio. She was 78 .... Catherine Alexander, who was 25 years a United Presbyterian fraternal worker in Iran, died in Everett, Washington, on February 26 of cancer. She was 60.

Child Abuse. Child abuse and the rights of children and parents were among the items on the agenda of the 36th annual convention of the Natiohal Association of United Methodist Health and Welfare Ministries meeting in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 7- 9. About 500 persons were expected to attend.

Changing Neighborhoods. A workshop for 250-500 persons is being planned in August by the National Division on the Role of the Church in Transitional Corrmunities.

World Methodists. Interest continues high in the World Methodist Conference to be held in Dublin Ireland, August 25-31, and total registration is now expected to run about 3,000. The theme of the Conference is "The Day of the Lord. 11 The Conference will be preceded and followed by a number of other related meetings, such as the World Federation of Methodist Women, August 17-23, the World Methodist Family Life Convocation, Historical Society, Conference on Worship, Youth Convocation and Con­ vocation on Theological Education.

South Africa. The South African Council of Churches has protested the refusal of the government there to grant a visa to the well-known German "theologian of hope", Jurgen Moltmann, who had been scheduled to give a series of lectures in South Africa. The statement said that Moltmann "becomes one more of the distinguished Christian leaders prevented from entering South Africa" and warned that the refusal "confirms the impression that power here is in the hands of obscurantists with whom there can be no dialogue or reconciliation." Following the protest, the Minister of the In­ terior announced that his department still refused to grant the theologian a visa.

Valentine in Jail. Recal l ing the origins of Valentines Day, a group called Alter­ natives inGreensboro, North Carolina, has called for using the February 14 celebra­ tion for exploring alternatives to the "deplorable" U.S. prison system and for en­ gaging i n acts of kindness to victims, offenders and ex-offenders. The original Va l entine, they point out, was a Roman martyr who wrote a letter to his jailer's daughter thanking her for her kindness before he was led out to his execution.

Fundamentalists. The World Congress of Fundamentalists, scheduled to meet in Edin­ burgh, Scotland, in June and featuring Northern Ireland's Ian Paisley, is scheduling a series of "Ladies Sessions" on such topics as "The Biblical Place of Women in the Home " and "The Problems and Privileges of a Preacher's Wife. !• Also on the agenda for the women is a talk on "The Abolition of Capital Punishment: Breach of Divine Law ." Women's Libbers have been duly warned. EDITORIALSCIJ

A Time to Examine hysteria. It is our proud boast that we called it "work-fare," in an attempt to are a pluralistic church. As an observable placate conservatives) and didn't bother Ourselves fact, that is a true description. As a to read the fine print of what was really Lent, in the Christian year, tradition­ definition, it is still largely unexplored. a revolutionary idea. Much of the oppo­ ally is a time of fasting, penitence and How do people who have such widely sition came simply because Nixon's name self-examination in preparation for the different ideas about such basics as was attached to a plan for poor people, cosmic drama of Easter and redemption. scripture, authority and the nature of and that automaticall y made the plan In our secular and individualistic so­ current society as do many committed suspect. A few liberal groups, such as ciety, it is a sea on fallen som what into Christians in our denomination keep from the American Jewish Committee, tried disuse. Partially as a result of this lessen­ simply splitting into contending fac­ in vain to tell other groups not to listen ing of emphasi socially, the focus of tions competing for the battered name to Nixon's speeches about the plan but many Christian is on personal repent­ of the church? Is a simple struggle for to read it instead. F AP died quietly in ance. This i certainly a necessary part power and control the only way of re­ Congress. of the church's life and we do not want solving differences? Well, now it is 1976 and Mr. Nixon has to disparage it in any way. Along with We do not know any easy answer to gone to China, probably having forgot­ this personal introspection, however, those questions. Certainly any call for a ten completely his unlamented F AP. But must go a more corporate soul-searching. phony piety or false reconciliation will there on millions of 1040 income tax We think thi is particularly true for not solve the problem. Nor can there forms is a little line ( 2lc) which reads United Methodists in this year of a Gen­ be any running away from the explosive Earned Income Credit. Earned Income eral onference. issues, although it might be useful to Credit is nothing more nor less than Now, a General Conference of The realize when certain issues are not ripe a Negative Income Tax and it is the United Methodist Church is many things. for resolution. Our initial suggestion is first time we have ever had such a thing Technically, it is simply the legislative that we should always keep paramount in this country. Heads of households as embly of the denomination which a concern for people and the admoni­ with at least one dependent who earn meets normally every four years. (If any­ tion by Oliver Cromwell (of all people ) $8000 a year or less are entitled to up to thing can be described as normal about that "I beseech you, in the bowels of $400, in addition to whatever other re­ a General Conference.) In fact and in Christ, think it possible you may be mis­ turn they have corning to them. As in the fe ling, it is a great deal more. A family taken." regular income tax, it works on a sliding get-together, a jamboree, a legislative scale, only in the other direction; the nightmare, an orgy of self-congratula­ Elijah and the 1040 more you make, the less credit to which tion, a steamroller of the majority, the you are entitled. Above $8000 there is conscience of the church, the lowest Not too many people this year will no credit. common denominator-all these terms be going over their 1040 Federal income The idea for the Negative Income Tax (and many more) have been rightly ap­ tax form with any thought that they have belongs to nationally-known economist plied to the meeting. To most people, in front of them a good example of how Milton Friedman, of the University of it i th collective image of The United the Kingdom of God works. Mostly, the Chicago, but some form of the concept Methodi t Church. 1040 is thought of-with considerable has been proposed under such other This being so, it is indicative of our justification-as just the foremost ex­ names as the Guaranteed Annual In­ prioriti s that o little attention is paid ample of the ever expanding Kingdom come or Basic Economic Security by by u a a denomination to any kind of of the Federal Bureaucracy. This year, other economists, including Robert Theo­ piritual preparation for this assembly. however, there is a difference and it is bald and John Kenneth Galbraith. The Elections, yes. Choosing up side on worth noting. A little history is necessary. Negative Income Tax is not the final i ue , most certainly. But serious re­ About six years ago President Richard answer to the problems of welfare be­ flection together on what it means to Nixon offered the public his plan for cause it does nothing for people with be that portion of the eople of God untangling the welfare mess in the no incomes at all. But in its current f United States and he called it the Family \vith the strange name o United Meth­ form it will probably do rhore to spread odists in the world today, not much. Assistance Plan, or F AP for short. Basi­ cally, F AP was an attempt to guarantee the nation's wealth while encouraging Each delegate is left pretty much to an lllCOme to every family in the coun­ work and keeping the family together fend for him elf or herself on that mat­ ~y through the concept of a negative than any other single idea. ter. mcome tax, that is, returning a certain All of which is a good reminder that This year eems a good time to ques­ amount of money to people depending the signs of the Kingdom (or at least an tion this lack. Even though confrontation on how far below a given poverty line improvement in the lot of humanity) ha gone out of style, there are issues they fell. The plan was vehemently op­ are not necessarily to be sought when coming before the General Conference posed by an unholy alliance of ultra­ the shouting and arguing are loudest, capable of arousing very deep emotions conservatives, who thought it was wel­ as Elijah discovered. Compared to the and of the e, at least one (homosexual­ fare madness, and liberals, including noise of the wind and the fire several ity ) managed to incite a number of dele­ many mainline church groups, who years ago, line 2lc is "a still, small voice" gates at the 1972 meeting to panic and listened mostly to Nixon's rhetoric (he indeed. It was even worth waiting for. :alled to Replenish th

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I - • "There is something radically wrong with the way we are living on earth today." Interior wall of a partly demolished house. \ ) •I ' - ~ / ~ arth / by Charles Birch /' I

cartoon ca ption summing up to decide and Wi ent thr ugh d . pletion of _ re- A the tangled opinions on pop­ technology he long/ so urces, po~ I tion and the <20 nse- ulation growth, resource depletion, run to be a net _b · man i ~ ~ ue n t deterio tio , of the/ quali ty environmental deterioration and as a whole. It ha s inor ~ of life. The grea hidden r parts of world poverty reads : " Eventually we of human beings fro w nd' ~ the iceberg are th socia , political will run out of food to feed our­ does have the potenti ·, great : and economic st ctur s..,, and the selves, fuel to warm ourselves and improving the lot c:>f all u · an . ""' sp iritual. co nfusio as _ o goals in air to breathe .... This is something ings. But the cultura1', t,colo ic ~ life. \ we must learn to live with!" No human costs impos' a on urn "" O nly a cf:ian ge i ourse ca n ave rt doubt the Brontosaurus said the by scien ce and t _ nolo y ave disaster. f\;litica l I ders and econo- same as he headed for extinction. thus far been enormo s n , like mists sti ll dance n the dee but His trouble was that he was un­ the benefits, unevenly sh a . There the cours ed. adaptable. Our technological civili­ is something radically wr g with Te chnologic that zation is a Brontosaurus totally un­ the way we are living on rth to- a breakthrou day , eps the adapted to the needs of survival. day. cri sis at bay. ut the;e ~ some Unless we make it adaptable we too The book of Genesis problems sc ien ,ar{d , echnology shall go the route of Brontosaurus. three directives in the 28th cannot so lve. W e ust kon w ith Let me be clear at the outset the first chapter. The first the whole icebe'rg th ·menaces us, what I mean by threats to survival. fruitful and multiply." the bottom we ca r1 t see as well Brontosaurus did not become ex­ done that. The second is t " have as the top w e ca n e. tinct overnight, far from it. He dominion over the fish of he sea, I and many of y fellow scien- doubtless experienced a gradual de­ and over the fowl of the ir, and ti sts are encourage that the Worl d cline in his quality of life over thou­ over every living creature th t moves Council of Chu rc s ha s begu n to sands of years, one by one popula­ upon the ea rth". Science a d tech- be conce rn ed w it the total prob- tions disappeared until eventually nology are well on the way o com- lem, sc ientific as ell as economic the last Brontosaurus expired. It is pleting that. The third dir ctive is and pol itical. We ope it w ill not in this sense that I speak of threats a plea to " replenish the earth". give up after a few ears of prelimi- to human survival ; threats resulting That we have fai led to hee nary effort. There is much to do in declining quality of life for large If the world is to sustain he lives before the chu rc he show that they sectors of humanity with the poor of its four billion inhabit nts and are ta ki ng se ri ous the problems suffering most, threats to sheer sur­ more to co me, the world it If must that we face. vival of whole populations and ul­ be sa ved . But are we willin to pay As a scientist I k ow more about timately the threat of total extinc­ the price of the redemptio of the the vi sible pa rt of the iceberg and tion of the human race . earth in terms of a revol tion in about that I w an to speak fi rst. The earth can no longer accom­ values, in life styles, in e anomic Th ere are five visi le peaks to the modate the sort of society we are and political goals and eve in the iceberg, five physi I threats to hu- building on its surface with the aid nature of the science and chnol- man surviva l. Th e are: the popu- of science and technology. It has ogy we practice? Or shall we con- lation explos ion, food scarcity, inbuilt into it self-destructive fea­ tinue with the Faustian deal of sca rci ty of non-ren ewable resources tures. " Our present method of un­ travel now, pay later? The journey such as fossi l fuels, environmental derwriting technology," says Ken­ unfortunately is short. The time for deteri o ration and war. neth Galbraith " is exceedingly dan­ payment ha s arrived. I am not concerned here to pre- gerous. It could cost us our exist­ • se nt a qualified documentation of Th 5 0 S 1 ence." The overriding question now rea t t urviva th ese threats one by one. For now is whether we ca n obtain control The world is a Titanic on a col- the large r picture w ill have to suf- of ourselves and the technology we lision course. The iceberg ahead has fice. It shows that we are rapidly have created. Because I am uncer­ its visible parts above water. They approaching the outer limits to tain of the answer I find it difficult are the deterioration of the environ- growth imposed by the finite earth. New World Outlook • March 1976 [ 113] 9 rich countries, even in the face of energy resources with the poor. starvation in the poor countries. We do not know how much For example, according to the An­ more pollution the earth can stand nual Report of the World Bank for before essential ecological cycles are 1974, while food for domestic con­ broken. We do know that global sumption in Mali fell by two-thirds pollution is doubling every 14 years, during the 1967-73 droughts, the and that there is a limit to the pol­ We do not know how many more export of crops, notably peanuts, to lution absorptive capacity of the people, if any more, the earth can rich countries increased. earth. provide for. We know that there is a We do not know the full extent We know that the U.S.A. has limit which is being approached, if of the earth's non-renewable re­ stockpiled atomic bombs amounting not al ready exceeded, at the fastest sources of fossil fuels and other to 15,000 megatons which is equiva­ rate in the history of the earth, at minerals but we know that the lent to one million Hiroshimas, that the unbelievable rate of an addi­ world is running out of gas, and that the U.S.S.R. nuclear stockpile is only tional bi llion people in 15 years. the total amount of energy used in a little less but will soon be more, This continent of Africa, which now the world has been doubling every that almost half the world's scien­ has 400 million inhabitants, will have 11 years, that the ten major indus­ tists and technologists devote their 800 million people twenty years trial countries account for 75 per skills to military research and de­ from now. Yet in Africa where land cent of the world's energy consump­ velopment, that military expenditure is the sustainer of life, the loss of tion, and that the U.S.A. alone ac­ in developing countries doubles land each year through unsound counts for 35 per cent of the energy every six years, and for the world as land use and the march of the des­ used in the world. We do not know a whole it now amounts to three ert far exceeds the amount of new where the energy will come from hundred billion dollars a year ac­ land brought into production. to meet this huge growth rate. cording to a report of the Secretary We do not know the full extent There is grave division amongst ex­ General to the special session of of the earth's capacity to provide perts as to the wisdom of proceed­ the U.N . General Assembly in 1975. food. We do know that 300 million ing with building more nuclear The total effort of the techno­ people in 1975 have only two-thirds power stations before we have logical society is widening the gap their minimal protein needs. We also solved the problems of protection between rich and poor countries. have reason to believe that this against sabotage and theft and of We know how to use science and number will be not less than one how to store radioactive wastes for technology to produce a rich society billion by the year 2010. The world's thousands of years. Many of us be- but not how to produce a just one. fish catch which reached its maxi­ 1ieve that to embark on more nu­ In short, too many people de­ mum in 1970, has declined each clear power projects before these manding too much while others have year since then. Some experts con­ problems are solved is to grab the little, destroy their source of life sider that this decline is due to a tail of an immortal tiger. Sooner or in trying to get what they want. combination of overfishing and pol­ later humanity's grip will weaken, Rich and poor countries confront lution. with lethal results. Furthermore, the each other in a gigantic struggle The food that is available each rich world already has more power over the body of earth. year is very inequitably distributed. than it knows how to use properly. The Total Impact If it were equally divided between It wastes it extravagantly. Some re­ all the inhabitants of the earth we cent studies indicate that a policy Each person on earth has a nega­ would all have enough for an ade­ of zero energy growth would now tive impact on the environment. An quate diet. One of the major in­ be quite feasible for the rich world. Australian or an American has a equities of food distribution is This could increase the quality of much larger impact than a Kenyan what has come to be called the " pro­ life of the rich world and at the or an Indonesian, perhaps twenty tein drain" from the poor to the same time help in sharing existing times as much. Each member of a 10 [ 114] New World Outlook • March 1976 But without it the chances of de­ velopment are much less. The Peo­ ple's Republic of China well appre­ ciates this, judging from its effective policy of population control com­ bined with development. So do the governments of some other develop­ "When people no longer care about people ing countries such as India, Indo­ nesia and Egypt, as well as those of they no longer care about the world." many developed countries. But there are still too many governments whose population policies can only aggravate the problem of poverty. The ambiguity of the future of technology I shall now delve a little deeper into the iceberg to some of the connections between the physical rich nation, for example, consumes of justice any country would be over threats to human survival and the on the average each year one ton developed whose standard of liv­ roots of the crisis. Some connections of steel and three tons of crude oil. ing was beyond the capacity of the are clear. Others are quite unclear. The total negative impact of all world to generate for all its peoples. The world, rich and poor, cannot the people on earth is, in its simplest This is a revolutionary ethical con­ live without technology. Yet we terms, a product of three items. The cept. It is illusory to suppose that have found no way of living with equation is as follows: Total popu­ the world as it is now structured it. The poor countries are mesmer­ lation X Consumption of resources would ever share resources that ized by the power of technology. per person X Environmental deteri­ way. Countries with a huge resource Politically they see that the prese nt oration per person. Every item of the base (U.S.A., U .S. S.R., Iran, Brazil power of the rich world rests on its impact equation is important. The and China) will have the power in technological achievements. Nat­ more people the greater the impact, the future. Those with technology urally they ask how can they share the more consumption of resources in addition to resources will have in this power. They need more the greater the impact, the more enormous power. They will use it technology. But we have no clear environmental deterioration the to gain further power. A just world idea of the sort of science and tech­ greater the impact. Every item of the involves not only a change in na­ nology and human management that equation is increasing. Population tional goals but, as well, a total re­ can bring well being to t~e ·poor. will double in the next 35 years. structuring of the international eco­ The attempts that were made in the Many components of consumption nomic order. While the world, at decade of development of the 60's such as energy use have doubled the instigation of the developing turned it into a decade of disaster. about every 10 years. Pollution has countries, begins to work out ways The rich world is tied to technology doubled in 14 years. The result is a in which that might be done, we in the service of a concept of prog­ huge and steadily multiplying im­ must develop strategies that put ress that rests on unlimited growth pact of man on environment which pressure on those with resource in the production and consumption cannot possibly continue like this power, obliging them to use it in of goods. Yet the rich world has no without the gravest consequences the interests of a larger human pur­ need for further increasing its con­ to both humanity and the rest of the pose. I do not know what these sumption of goods. Indeed, the creation. strategies will .be. I only know that I know that I risk the displeasure unless we invent them the future of those who belong to the poor of the poor world is bleak. world by lumping the whole world Secondly, the impact equation into one impact equation. I am emphasizes that a better model of \\' J\ °TE H aware of the objections, especially development, one that is more just of those who see this as a plot by and less wasteful than exists in the - POLLllTEIJ · the rich world to curb growth in rich world, is desperately needed - HEEP· OUT the poor countries. I see it in quite by developing countries. The enor­ the opposite way. There is no chance mous problems now facing Japan of the poor countries developing are a consequence of its blindly fol­ adequately unless the rich coun­ lowing the western pattern. tries reduce the huge proportion Thirdly, the impact equation they contribute to the total impact. shows that any effective attack on This involves a program of rede­ development must be on three velopment of the rich world. The fronts : population, consumption rich must live more simply that the and environmental deterioration. poor may simply live. The world is For example, population control of not just. According to the criterion itself will not produce development. quality of life of the rich now de­ uted to where they are most creases w ith increasing consump­ needed. They will be " farmed" by tion. W e do not know how rich recycling as much as possible, in­ nations ca n be motivated to reduce volving a new sort of technology. their economic growth of material The emission of pollutants will be goods and w hat sort of economic kept below the capacity of the o rder will en sure that dedevelop­ earth to absorb them-zero growth ment of the rich will contribute to in pollution. In the sustainable so­ development of the poor. ciety the emphasis will be on peo­ Science and technology in the ser­ ple, not on goods, on growth in vice of unlimited growth may, for quality not on growth in quantity. a time, stave off disaster, but only There is a huge gap between bio­ by delivering us into a fool's para­ logical models and political realities. dise from which there may be no What matters now is that the steps escape. The technological fix be­ we take are in the right direction. comes the technological trap. To I shall mention three. act as if the cure for all the ills of Appropriate technology: There technology is more of the same are many desperately important technology is to follow the pied "We do not know how many more tasks for science and technology to pipers of technology to destruction. people, if any more, the earth can undertake to help promote a sus­ I have two reasons for say ing this. provide for." tainable society for all people on Firstly, science and technology will the earth. These include the devel­ not always be able to pull a techno­ though there is one plane cal led opment of high yield, labor inten­ logical rabbit out of the hat to save the spiritual which is their area and sive, energy conserving, ecological­ us in the last minute. To pin one's another called the temporal which ly sound agricultural techniques for ultimate faith on science and tech­ they can leave to others. This leads developing nations. In the de­ nology to provide for the future is to the false belief that all they have veloped world we need more mass cargo-cult thinking. Food, energy to do is to change people and that transit systems and fewer automo­ and other resources from magical changed people will change the biles, more bridges and railways but providers may never arrive. Sec­ world. It has not worked out that not more beer cans, fewer giant fac­ ondly, technological rabbits of the way. If life in a vast factory is de­ tories and huge office blocks and modern kind tend to create more humanizing it is the factory that has more small scale technology with problems than they solve. They to be changed. The redemption of a human face. usually have voracious-appetites and people involves the redemption of In a million situations the scien­ copious noxious excretions. the world they live in. The bonds tific community must devise tech­ It is important to be clear as to that confine people all over the niques that extract more good for who controls technology for who world are economic, political and mankind from natural systems at controls technology controls devel­ technical as well as spiritual. The less cost in human terms and less opment. One sixth of the Gross struggle for liberation is a struggle cost in energy, materials and eco­ World Product is controlled by the for economic, political, ecological logical destruction such, for exam­ multinational corporations. Eighteen and spiritual liberation. It is vital ple, as s,mall scale solar energy Nation States are not the only prin­ for the churches to be involved, units. Such enterprises are not as cipalities and powers in the modern boots and all, in all these tasks and glamorous as the nuclear power pa­ world. The annual sales of the five to question seriously their commit­ rade and heart transplants but they largest multinational oil companies ment to tfie technically dominated do carry the potential not just for combined exceed the Gross National society. It is a cop-out for them to survival but eventually for providing Product of all but four countries in draw a distinction between the a decent I ife for al I. the world. Nineteen multinational things that belong to Caesar and The transfer of big and often in­ corporations have increased produc- those that belong to God. Nothing appropriate technology to develop­ tion in the developed and develop- belongs to Caesar, except Caesar's ing countries brings with it ele­ ing worlds but their products are evil machinations. ments of the system where it origi­ usually designed for the rich who nates such as high consumption pat­ The Sustainable Global Society can afford to buy their products and terns, built in obsolescence and not for the poor. It pays to tickle If we could only see ourselves in heavy reliance on high energy use the palates of the rich rather than a global perspective then I believe (as in the green revolution) . The to fill the bellies of the poor. It is we would come to see that ulti­ conventional wisdom that science easy to criticize the multinational mately the sustainable global society and technology are value free or corporations. It is not so easy to has the following requirements. neutral is now seriously challenged invent and institute productive al­ Population growth would cease at on a number of fronts. Scientists ternatives to these powerful corpo­ or below the carrying capacity of and technologists are slowly coming rations. the earth : zero population growth. to realize that there is no such thing What is the role of the churches Consumption of resources will sta­ as an immaculate conception in in this ambiguous technological fu­ bilize at a su stainable level of supply science and technology. The tre­ ture? It is now totally unintelligible -zero growth in consumable mendous consequence of this SI for the churches to operate as goods. Resources will be distrib- is that scientists and technologists Ci 12 [ 116] New World Outlook • March 1976 can no longer wash their hands of internal effort, have the potential of sources on the life boat by some the effects of their discoveries. They conquering poverty and other mis­ means that is more equable than have a responsibility with the rest eries. The road is not an easy one. the international marketing system of society to see that their science Self-reliance has to operate in the allows. The ultimate challenge of re­ and technology is responsible and face of an international power source reallocation is to the con­ appropriate. The responsibility of structure that, to quote the UNEP cept of ownership of resources by the scientists is not simply to be Cocoyoc Declaration, "will resist the nations that by accident happen " on tap". More and more scientists moves in this direction" if they in­ to have them. We abuse resources with a social conscience are arguing terfere with growth and profit. because we regard them as com­ that they must have some control Interdependence: The nations of modities belonging to us. When we of the tap. A move from big tech­ the world have not yet decided they come to see land and minerals and nology to more appropriate tech­ want interdependence. The myth is oil and coal as part of a community nology is not a cure-all. It is only still widely accepted that each na­ to which we belong, we may begin one element in a complex of tion is a separate life boat. There to use them with a little more re­ needed changes. is only one life boat with all human­ spect and a lot more justice. Self-Reliance: Self-reliance is not ity on board, albeit with first class Nature, Man and God isolationism or self-sufficiency. It is passengers at one end and third the development of the capacity for class passengers at the other. If one I come now to the most impor­ autonomous goal seeking and deci­ end goes down the whole boat tant thing I have to say. I have left sion making especially in those sinks. Survival and distributive jus­ it to the end for that reason. I can­ countries which, with appropriate tice require a reallocation of re- not see that there will be any fund-

New World Outlook • March 1976 [ 117] 1 3 amental reshaping of technology and God made things for their own sake. society without a basic change of Man is only one of a number of heart and mind about man's rela­ pebbles on the cosmic beach. tionship to nature. " We are suffer­ Two aspects of nature are saved ing" said Ernest Schumacher " from in the sacramental view. One is the a metaphysical, not just a technical intrinsic value of creatures in them­ deficiency." Total spiritual confu- selves. The other is the dependent sion prevails in the modern world science. As a non-theologian look- relationship of all entities. about the relationship of man to ing in from the outside I am bold Why assert that only people have nature in a technological culture. enough to say it looks like bad the- intrinsic value? But what could give The churches and theologians, in- ology also. People cry for bread intrinsic value to the flower that timidated by secular culture, seem and we give them a stone. The blooms alone in the desert, or the to have left the task of interpreting technocratic view of nature is a elephant or the blue whale? I reply man's relationship to nature to clockwork model of nature. Not with John Cobb that only respon­ mechanistic science (which is a mis- only is it inadequate. It is pernicious siveness (or in anthropomorphic interpreted science) and material- because it reinforces the pattern of terms "feeling" ) gives intrinsic istic philosophy. Because the mind and behaviour of a manipula- value; responsiveness to the total churches in the rich world are part tive society. In this technocratic environment which includes God. of the technological culture they view the non-human creation is no Who are we to deny this subjectiv­ find it difficult to be critical of it. more than the stage on which the ity to any creature? All we see with The result is implicit acceptance of drama of human life is performed. our eyes and the eyes of science is the dominant world view with no Plants and animals are there solely the outer aspect of things. The clear and united voice to the con- for us to use. They are the props. In within of ourselves and our depen­ trary. Yet " If the trumpet give an ethical terms they are only of in- dence we each know in our subjec­ uncertain sound, who shall prepare strumental value to us. This attitude tive life. Can we deny the within of himself for the battle?" to the created order is totally ego- other entities? Behold the lilies of Two connections need to be made tistic. It is arrogant. It is a form of the field! Not a sparrow falls to the more clearly. chauvinism. It sets the stage for ground without your Father know­ Firstly: there is a connection be- insensitivity to what man is doing ing. I do not interpret this to mean tween human justice and renewal to the environment, even though it that God is a counter of dead spar­ of the earth and between human carry the tamely interpreted rider rows but that even the life of a spar­ injustice and environmental deteri- that we are to be stewards in our row has significance for Him. oration. When people no longer dominion over nature. It draws the Can the churches remain silent care about people they no longer support from a misinterpreted on these issues any longer? Or may care about the world. The industrial- science and from a particular view they be awakened by the confusion ist who pollutes the air and the kid of biblical theology. in their own ranks and in the secu­ who slashes the seats of the rail- Theology could have an impor- lar world? What is needed is a fear­ way carriage both represent the tant role in the future if more theo- less pursuit of the meaning of the same attitude. They are ignorant. logians were prepared to think crit- unity of nature, man and God in They do not care about each other. ically about nature once again with- the light of both science and a They do not care about the world. out fear of the consequences. The wider ecumenism that includes "When there is no fidelity, no ten- task, as I see it, includes the redis- African and Asian cultural ideas. derness, no knowledge of God in covery of the fundamental unity of They would then, I believe, see the country, only perjury and lies, the human and non-human worlds more clearly than they do at pres­ slaughter, theft, adultery and vio- without surrendering any truths ent their total responsibility to re­ lence, murder after murder," said about man. Indeed I would say plenish the earth for the sake of Hosea, "all who live in it pine away, it is to rediscover the unity of the all humanity and all creatures, while even the wild animals and birds of whole creation in the light of the there may yet be time. heaven; the fi sh of the seas them- Christian understanding of man. If we are to break the poverty selves are perishing." That involves a radical reinterpreta- barrier for almost two-thirds of the lt is a cock-eyed view that regards tion of the nature-man relationship. earth's people, if we are to continue ecological liberation as a distrac- The world is not as tame as our to inhabit the earth, there has to be tion from the task of liberation of sluggish convention ridden minds a revolution in the relationship of the poor. One cannot be done tend to suppose. There is another human beings to the earth and of without the other. It is time to rec- view-which for want of a better human beings to each other. The ognize that the liberation move- term I shall call a sacramental view, churches of the world have now ment is finally one movement. which emphasizes the tender ele- to choose whether or not they be­ Secondly: There is a connection ments of the world. We catch come part of that revolution. • between our image of nature and glimpses of it in the book of Job, Dr. Birch, a well-know n biologist, is the way we manipulate nature. The for example, in the questions in a professor at the University of Sidney ideology of nature dominant in the 38th chapter: Why have flowers and a member of the Methodist Church western Christianity is the same one in the desert after rain where no of Australia. This article is adapted from that is dominant in the secular man is? Have they no value when a major address he gave at the Nairobi world. It is a technocratic view of there is no one to use or admire Ass embly of the World Council of nature. As a scientist I say it is bad them? Or in the Psalm 104, where Churches. 14 [ 11 8] New World Outlook • March 1976 lunchroom. There he has more time nee a week the Rev. Her­ to get to know the 350 employees bert A. Fisher buttons his of VEPCO during their breaks and I red blazer with its distinc­ he mixes easily with them. :n a tive chaplaincy emblem and slips corner over a cup of coffee, he may into the Virginia Electric and Power chat with an office worker about a Company (VEPCO) in Newport marital problem or make an ap­ News, Va. He smiles broadly at the pointment to see a worker at a later switchboard operators, sticks his time for in-depth counseling. head in an office door here and On his way out- seldom on his there to say hello, pauses to say a way in-" Herb" Fisher may stop by few reassuring words to the women the front office briefly. But he has taking telephone queries and com­ no special entree there and he does plaints from irate customers. (Not not want any. When Herb Fisher long ago someone, presumably in­ first started making his rounds. at censed over utility rate increases, VEPCO a little over a year ago, his jabbed his fist through VEPCO's only introduction was a bulletin front window, and some employees board notice that read : "If you see understandably have been uneasy.) a strange man wearing a red coat, Donning a hardhat over his crew­ who looks lost, and doesn't seem cut, he goes outside to the loading to be performing any useful work, dock, where forklift operators shout that is the Rev. Herbert A. Fisher, hearty greetings. who will be appearing at least once Rev. Herbert A. Fisher, chaplain at Vir­ Moving on quickly, so as not to a week within the facility as an in­ ginia Electric and Power Company, talks interrupt work, Fisher heads for the dustrial chaplain." with employees. \ ul IC i roe .crit 1an t e bll' \\or' rnac

Jr., I bre\ of e be ' an and

an ar H rb Fish r is one of 16 mini ters long cours in uch subj cts as unit - in Hampton and Roa- po and lay persons who have been stresses in industry, risis counseling, lo plac d as part-tim , volunt er chap­ p rsp ct1ve of manag m nt and co lains in busin ss and industry by the unions, and personal communica­ ecumenical Institute of Industrial tion. and omm rcial Ministries Fisher After a six-month internship, the is a hurch of the Brethren pastor. chaplain 1s certified by IC 1. The Most of th other chaplain ar settings they have b n plac d in , Unit d Methodists at present. or chosen, ar div rs from a de­ I M was begun by Trinity Unit d partment stor in Roanoke, a. Methodist hurch in wport (s rved b anc Knight current! ws, Va four years ago Trinity's th only woman in th program), to pastor, the R v. James M. John, and a motel in wport w , to a tac­ s v ral of the chap!ains fir t ob- tory in Pho bu , to th honk -tonk rv d a similar program in Eng and gambling district of Fa lt ville, land d v lop d by Dr. illiam Gow­ C th only rve, on the land, pr s1d nt of Luton Industrial k, th y try to s Coll ge ac; po sibl b I M borrow d from th British alt mating th ir h dul or catch­ program th concept of the min1st r ing mplo during hif hanges. rubbing houlders with th chur hed upport for I 1 omcc; from lo- and unchurch d wher v r they cal, judicatory or national ag nci work ICM also adopted a th oi si Prot c;tant d nomination and haplain ' id nt1fying mark, th th Richmond dioc of th Roman blazer mbl m with th Gr k Catholic Church. Th 1rginia Con- word for "I thi not th nc and th at1on I Di ic,ion of t r' on?" (In add1t1on to th r d Board ot ,lobal blaz r, th haplains w ar blu th Unit d \ thodis h1rt and th 15 m n add a " hit provid d ti ) to I . \. Tr ining, in pir d by th British J\ft r a p riod of d lib ra low mod I but adapt d through p ri- growth, o a to a\:oid mi tak , th n in m ri a, on i t of " k- In titut ha' .;t bli h d thr r -

16 [ 120) ~w World Outlook • Much 1'- my very first day as a chaplain." Like their British counterparts, the ICM chaplains characterize their role as pa storal. Affable Mayton de­ scribes himself as the " jolly red giant" who brings a cheery word to the workers as he walks the assem­ bly line or lends an ear during workers' spare moments at the coke machine. The Rev. William R. Kyle, Jr., chaplain at the Anheuser Bu sch brewery in Williamsburg, Va ., thinks of himself as a " sounding board." The Rev. Robert L. Parsons tries to be a " friend" to the officers of the Hampton, Va. police department Chaplain Robert Parsons with a and rides in a patrol car with one number of Hampton, every Friday night. Va., poJice officers The problems they counsel em­ (opposite page) . ployees about are personal­ Chaplain William R. fi nances, family matters, drugs and Kyle, Jr., at the alcoholism. The factory worker who Annheuser-Busch is unskilled, earning close to the Brewery (left and minimum wage and is the head of below). her family, may be concerned about making ends meet. The unionized brewery employee, making good money and working a lot of over­ time to pay for a boat or camper, thinks he is being a good provider and is perplexed when family ties are strained. The young, attractive police officer has to cope with the lonely woman who calls for help, complaining of a nonexistent " prowler." " Occasionally we get religious questions, but not often," noted Mayton. In most jobs, the routine is the biggest " threat" to the workers, the chaplains say. But the police li ve with constant danger and tension, so chaplain Bob Parsons engages in cri sis counseling. Bob Parsons is chaplain for the po­ lice as well as to them. He's gotten more than 80 calls so far to do grief therapy when there is a violent death in Hampton. Parsons was once chairman of the Hampton police-community rela­ tions unit, but resigned because the post put him in conflict with his first love-pastoring. " I couldn't be involved when an officer made an error and then relate to him as a personal chaplain," he said . Parsons is a good illustration of a chaplain who has achieved influence without trying for it-precisely be­ cause he is a trusted friend of the police. He can get on the phone and find out for a distraught mother just what the charges are against

New World Outlook • March 1976 [ 121] 17 Rev. James John, execut:ve director of the program, in his office at Trinity United Methodist Church, Newport News, Va. her son and what punishment he chaplai ns care about them without " These people working in the faces if convicted. As chairman of twisting their arms to get them on brewery have many of the same a community mental health ce nter the church rolls." problems and work tensions as have -a post he merited largely because The ordained chaplains pastor persons of other employment," he he was police chap lain-he helps churches that are already large and said. get alcoholics and the ill hospita lized growing, paralleling the rapid popu­ If the chaplains were to prosely­ instead of jailed. And he has been lation growth of the Tidewater tize, there is ample evidence from made a lecturer at the Tidewater region. It is their firm belief in the remarks of managers and employees Academy for Criminal Ju stice-the importance of the chaplaincy pro­ that the approach would not be police academy-where he con­ gram that keeps them working with fru i tfu I. ducts a seminar for the men and ICM even as their re sponsibi lities to " If Bill Kyle put hellfire and brim­ their wives on problems that could their congregations multiply. stone on people in the lunchroom, ruin their marriages-shift work, Few workers know the denomina­ he wouldn' t last long," laughed Rob­ low pay, infidelity. tional affiliation of the ICM chap­ ert A. Kramer, an official at An­ The chaplains don't initiate dis­ lains. Their calling cards only list heuser-Busch. cuss ions of religion. Parsons recalled their names and the words " indus­ A very vivacious employee at the the time that a police man discov­ trial chaplain." brewery paid chaplain Kyle this ered that his brother had just died If a worker has a pastor, the chap­ compliment: " I like him a lot. He's a tragic death. " The first night I lains do not compete with him or real friendly-not the stereotype of rode with him I just cried with him her. But a great number of the in­ a minister I expected." and hurt with him," he said. " It dustrial and commercial employees Th e chaplains are no more intent wasn't until some time later that he they meet do not belong to any on " converting systems" than on ag­ raised theological questions: 'Why church-as is true of the population gressively converting workers. " If did God allow this?' The chaplain as a whole. someone wants to change industry, doesn't go out preaching. I think Bill Kyle told of a man who had he ought to get out of the ministry God is a courteous God. He waits stopped attending church because of and into management," Mr. John for a question that is an invitation." a conflict of conscience over work­ believes. " We don't believe in high-pres­ ing for a brewery. After some Better-known industrial missions sure evangelism," reiterated James conversations with Bill Kyle, he ex­ in Detroit, Boston and San Juan John, the director, in the ICM of­ perienced " reconciliation" and re­ have been issue-oriented, con­ fice in Trinity Church with its color­ activated his church membership. cerned with black-white relations, ful paintings of steel girders and a Other brewery employees have told ecology and multinational corpora­ shipyard. Kyle gratefully, " If you could under­ tions. Bob Parsons is convinced that " Each chaplain who is a pastor sta nd me, maybe others would too." ICM chaplains deal with issues of has had his assignment approved by Bill Kyle ha s no conflict about race and economics indirectly- but his administrative body and each being a chap lain in a brewery as his more effectively-"by building in­ local church sees itself in mission role is not one of condemning or tegrity in our ministry to persons." this way. But none of the chaplains condoning a person's employment. Both temperamentally and theo­ are trying to recruit members for The pastor, he says, " frees people logically, th e chaplains believe in their local churches. It always up to be responsible persons in all changing structures by changing amazes the non-churched that our phases of their I ives." people. The ICM program attract 18 [ 122] New World Outlook • March 1976 middle-of-the-readers, according to Mr. John. " We're too much church for the activists, too little for the fundamentalists." The chaplains argue that if they were regarded as either manage­ ment " tools" or employee advo­ cates, they could no longer be cred­ ible. " We don't take sides in dis­ putes, but we can raise questions ''THE CllPllllS BELIEVE II and reflect together," says Bill Kyle, an amiable man who worked in industry himself before entering the 1:1111111 SRICTllES ministry. Mayton believes there is little worker-employer friction in the BY 1:1111111 PEOPLE'' southeastern Virginia area-whether the plants are unionized or not, whether they pay high wages or the minimum. In contrast, he says, he observed " great class tensions" in English factories when he was train­ ing for ICM there. What has been the value of the ICM program? Employers have the vague expectation that happier em­ ployees will be more productive em­ ployees, but they do not look for concrete results. Workers report a new respect for the ministry, often after many years without attending. church. In some cases, workers have joined the church of " their" chap­ lains. Parsons, who has married and buried policemen and their families, has nine officers in his congregation, Buckroe United Methodist in Hamp­ ton, that he didn't have before. But this is the exception. Most of the ordained chaplains don't report any notable growth in their congre­ gations because of their chaplaincy work. The chaplains do not know whether any of the workers have been motivated to join other churches. For the ministers, the value of the • program is intangible but very real. " All of us are much better pa s­ tors as a result of this program," says Mayton, minister of Crooks Memo­ rial United Methodist Church, York­ town, Va. " I feel I've enlarged my 450-member congregation by 500 persons." • Chaplain Wilfred M. Mayton at the Maida Plant, Hampton, Va. The com­ pany makes electronic components.

New World Outlook • March 1976 [ 123] 19 two conte01porary artists look at the bible

CHAGALL. (Above) The Angel Speaks to Hagar, from Genesis. Hagar has despaired of keeping her son, Ishmael, alive when she is reassured by an angel that he will live and become the father of a great nation. (Right) Job worships God, from Job. Despite his afflictions, Job worships God while his friends and an angel watch. BASKIN. (left) "A new king rose up over Egypt." The Pharaoh who caused all the trouble which led to God's deliverance of the Israelites. (Below) "This is the bread of affliction." The Paschal Lamb, the symbol of the Passover. This text is in Aramaic; the rest of the text is in Hebrew.

Among the more interesting contemporary expressions of religious art have been those by Jewish artists. Prominent among these has been Marc Chagall. Born in Russia, he has long lived in France but used the memories of his boyhood in Russia as the material for his work. Now in his late eighties, Chagall in recent years has received much attention for his stained glass windows in a Jerusalem synagogue. In 1960 he published an album of drawings for the Bible which typifies much of his work. A younger American artist, Leonard Baskin, has not been associated with traditional religious themes although he is the son of a rabbi. Now he has done the illustrations for a new Passover Haggadah, a seder service, for Reform Jews.

New World Outlook • M arch 1976 [ 125) 2 1 . ... I

BASKIN. (Right, above) "How many images the memory of Elijah stirs." (Left, bottom) "Four is the number of the matriarchs." Top to bottom: Rachel, Leah, Rebecca and Sarah. (left, top) "Hallelujah." A hymn of rejoicing for deliverance from slavery into freedom.

22 [126] New World Outlook • March 1976 CHAGALL. (Left, above) The Golden Calf, from Exodus. While Moses is on Sinai, the Israelites worship the golden calf. (Left, below) Mordecai's Triumphal Procession, from Esther. The mob, which had recently cheered Haman, now applauds Mordecai clad in the King's regalia. Haman is at the left. (Right, below) Jeptha's Daughter, from Judges. Jeptha has promised God to offer up whatever came forth to meet him in exchange for victory over the Ammonites. To his dismay, his daughter comes to meet him. ight mo nths ago, the United States opened its doors to Et housa nds of Vietnamese w ho fled w hen So uth Vietnam col­ lapsed. Today, mo re than 120 of them are ·li ving and working in Dutchess County, New York, thanks to the conce rn, ca re and ex perti se of mo re than a dozen churches there led by the Community United M eth­ odist Church of Pou ghkee psie. Dutchess County is about 75 miles from New York City in the Hudson ''new life''for Ri ver Va lley. Poughkeepsie is an old city co mposed of spacious homes and down-at-the-hee ls slums, brand new apartments and deteriorating tb~!y facto ri es , a growing urban renewal pham family area bounded on three sides by

The fam ily consists of 14 persons: the husband and wife, two unmarried sons, two married sons, their wives and a child, two unmarried daughters, the wife's mother, the wife's brother and the wife's sister. The Phams pose for a family portrait in their new home town.

24 [ 128] New World Outlook • March 1976 booming suburban growth. As a to tel I other churches how they did teach the Vietnamese English at local county it is relatively prosperous in it at a convention a year ago last co lleges or public schools. Some these times of recession . fall. ski ll s can be adapted to existing Though many other churches in Since then the church has revised jobs; others have to be learned. In the area became involved in reset­ and perfected its guidelines for the some cases public social services tling Vietnamese refugees, it was an relocation of uprooted peoples and can help. The church has found it old story for Community Methodist. has d istri bu ted copies to al 1· other us efu l for the coordinator to assign In 1956 when the Hungarian upris­ sponsors in the county. others to work with him and go out ing was crushed with Soviet tanks, The guidelines are contained in a with the Vietnamese when they seek the pastor of Community Methodist program called VIA (Vietnamese In­ employment. reached out to help a Hungarian tegration Assistance) , and they deal Home management, money and family find a new home in America. with housing, transpo rtation, cloth­ its use and food preparation is stil l When the church learned of the ing, jobs and education, home man­ another area of concern. Does the need to resettle Ugandan refugees, agement, medical care and finances. family need training in home care Community Methodist volunteered A general coordinator within the and the preparation of unfamiliar again and was so successful in re­ church or parish is responsible for foods? Is there a need for a kitchen, settling three or four families that it the total resettlement effort. Task a bathroom, a shower? Does the was asked by the United Methodist force chairpersons, each responsible family have enough resources to set Church's Board of Global Ministries for one of the seven facets of the up a working and reserve fund? program, report. to him and meet Many of these questions are an­ regularly with the pastor to make swered in " Doi Song Moi" (New basic decisions, review actions taken Life} and the American-Indochinese and deal with old and new prob­ Journal " Viet-My Tap Chi" which lems. are published periodically by the According to Dr. Law rence Snow, federa l government and the Ameri­ pastor of Community Methodist and can -Indochinese Assistance Center chairman of the Dutchess Interfaith in Washington, D.C. Re.settlement Consultation, the first Medical care involves physical ex­ concern is housing, whether it be ams for all members of the family, with church families, or more perma­ eye tests, the avai lability of Social nent housing as the family becomes Services and the obtaining of medi­ established in the community. Fur­ cal insurance through an employer nishings from beds and stoves to or Medicaid. The church advises dishes have to be found. It takes sponsors to make a list of doctors, approximately two months before dentists and others who are avail­ the family can meet its rent obliga­ able to treat the refugee family and tion without having to draw on local checks with local hospitals and church resources and resettlement clinics to see where emergency care monies supplied by the federal gov­ can be rendered. ernment through various interna­ Taking Care of Finances tional agencies. The next area of concern is trans­ Finances are the final area of con­ portation. Members of the parish are cern and the church urges that one recruited to take members of the central treasury and one treasurer be sponsored family grocery shopping, appointed to handle the collection job hunting, to the doctor and for and disbursement of monies received social visits. In addition, the task from the U. S. government through force leader helps the Vietnamese various volunteer agencies. In a obtain cars, drivers licenses and in­ precedent setting contract, the U .S. surance. government allocated $500 per refu­ The next immediate concern is gee to be disbursed through Sep­ clothing, which may be obtained tember, 1977. Church World Ser­ either from members of the parish, vice, the major Protestant agency, in­ from second hand stores or from sists that each sponsor church and such agencies as the Red Cross, the the individual recipient co-sign for Salvation Army and others. the money so that it can be used Then come jobs and education. wisely. Here again, however, it is Initial skills are determined and if the responsibility of the finance co­ English courses are required, ar­ ordinator to make sure that each rangements have to be made to refugee gets what is needed. Tom Pray is a newspaperman who Money, however, is the last item lives in the mid-Hudson valley and was on the agenda. most recently news editor of the Times "We have found," said Dr. Snow, Herald Record of Middletown, New "that Agenda One in any kind of York. resettlement effort is not clothes or New World Outlook • March 1976 [129] 25 even food, but relating to these peo­ had to strike a balance between do­ Gap, Pa . to meet them. ple on a very personal level- laugh­ ing too much for the refugees and The resettlement ca mp at Indian­ in g with them, letting them cry a bit, too little. town Gap was a rath er barren and hearing their very human kinds of " A refugee," the pastor exp lai ned, deso late coll ection of army barracks needs. The more you show personal is usually " a person of dignity who administered rather informally by attention and care, the more you get is not comfortable-as many of us military police. The resettlement them to open up about themse lves. would not be-as the object of char­ program, itself, was handled by sev­ They ca n put up with a lot of difficul­ ity." era l reli ef age nci es, among them the ties and hardships if they know that When, for exa mple, so me of his Intern ational Rescue Committee, the somebody really cares for them and parishioners refused to accept I ittle American Fund for Czechoslovak they ca n trust them. pocketbooks that so me of the grate­ Refugees, In c., Church World Ser­ " These people come from another ful Vietnamese women had made vice, and the U.S. Catholic Confer­ culture. They speak another lan­ for their new American friends, the ence. guage, although most speak French Vietnamese were hurt. Th e family consisted of 14 per­ and many speak some English. It's " It's very important for people so ns : Ph am Giat Due, the father, difficult to know exactly what they working in resettlement programs and his wife, Cao Thi Tuyet; two mea n." not to get into an emotional super­ unmarried so ns, two married sons, They also have their own value ior-infe rior attitude with the people th eir wives and a child, and two un­ system which is implicitly matriar­ they' re working with," Dr. Snow married daughters. chal, he noted. " The mother and warned. " Th e Golden Rul e is where In addition, there was the wife's often the grandmother is a very it's at : Treat these people as you mother, the wife's brother, and the powerful and influential person­ would want to be treated if you wife's sister. often making the final decisions were caught in a crisis yourself. The father had been a newspaper about the use of money and disc i­ They' re glad for help, but they don't editor and the author of several pline. The men of the house may be want people trying to run their lives books on political science in Saigon. the workers, but it's the women for them." He spoke English fluently and had behind the scenes who make a lot The minister saw his role as con­ se rved as an officer in the Vietnam­ of the decisions." stantly reminding his own people ese army. Th e rest of his family was " We had to feel our way into to let the Phams make their own de­ well educated by any standard. The that kind of Vietnamese family cisions. " We would give them the so ns were college graduates and structure," he said. hard information about where they o ther members of his family had Eating and sleeping habits are dif­ wanted to live and how much it been educated beyond high school. ferent, too. Because the Vietnam­ should cost, but we would ask th em Getting Acquainted ese came from a tropical country, to make their ow n decisions. If they they never had winters before and seemed at all reasonable, we would The first day, though, was strictly had never seen snow. As a result, let them ca rry through. The sooner a get-acquainted day for both the pastor said, they couldn't under­ they could do it, the sooner we groups. It was rather unusual in that stand the need for heavy clothing knew they would be on their own the church group arrived just a few or why they couldn't sleep on the feet," he said . days before one of the sons was be­ floor on mattresses as they had been ing married to a girl whose parents The UMCOR Connection accustomed to do in Vietnam. were going on to France. The wed­ " We had to let them know that For Community Methodist, the ding was conducted by an American it was too cold to sleep on the floor first step in what is a continuing re­ Roman Catholic priest at the camp even if it seemed like luxury in lationship with the Phams began and concelebrated by three Viet­ their home country," he said. la st May with a call from Dr. James namese priests. Everyone received The natural desire of any immi­ J. Thomas, executive secretary for communion even though at least grant to get ahead was another con­ specialized ministries in the United one of the members of the wedding sideration. "We had to pay atten­ Methodist Committee on Relief in party was a Buddhist. tion to the Vietnamese concern to New York. That dismayed the American priest do well professi onally. This involved " Larry," Dr. Snow recalled when it was brought to his atten­ getting them jobs, but letting them Thomas saying with a chuckle, " I tion, but Snow chuckled about it know that these were interim kinds didn't even ask your permission. I afterwards, chalking it up to the of jobs that they would not have to put your church at the head of the "sort of informality and general stay in forever," he continued. list to re se ttle at least one family chaos you find in refugee camps." " We had to make them under­ of Vietnamese." Two weeks later, Snow and a stand that the American way of life " I said, 'Jim, that's great,'" the number of parishioners from Com­ is starting at the bottom and work­ pastor said, "and from that point munity Methodist returned to the ing your way up, that they weren't on we simply waited until we got an ca mp to bring the Phams home to doing anything different than what assignment of a family." Poughkeepsie. Each had few pos­ a lot of the rest of us had done. We By mid-June Community Method­ sessions because they, like so many wanted to let them know that we ist knew the name of the family and other South Vietnamese, had to flee would be right alongside, helping by mid-July the pastor and several with little more than the clothes on them move along as quickly as they members of his congregation were their back and what they could could." on their way to the Edward Martin carry in a small suitcase or sack. The church found, too, that it Military Reservation at Indiantown Like many others, too, they were 26 [ 130] New World Outlook • March 1976 double refugees. As Roman Catho­ lics, they fled from Hanoi in 1956 when the Viet Minh came to power and they had been forced to flee again when the P.R.G. and North Pham Giat Due, the father, and Cao Thi Tuyet, the Vietnamese took over South Viet­ mother, with one of their nam. children. The father had sold all his pos­ sessions to buy a small boat, packed his family and friends in it and sailed out into the China Sea, where they were picked up by a U.S. Navy ship. They were taken to Guam and flown from there to Indiantown Gap. " By the time we met them," the minister recalled, " they had been pushed and pulled around so much. I was struck when I looked at some of the youngsters to realize that they had never known anything but being uprooted and involved in war because Vietnam had been / under siege or in some kind of war sick for his native land, he, too, wanted to make it on their own. for 30 years without a break." was grateful for the cha nce to start " They recognized," he said , " that America for Dung Vy Pham 27, again . even with skills and education, a pharmacist and graduate of the An author and the editor of two there would have to be a period of University of Saigon , is a chance at newspapers in Saigon, he was anx­ adjustment. They accepted the fact a new life. Although he works now ious to get back into the field of that they could not go into the in a factory, he hopes eventually to publishing and is now working for kind of work in this country that learn English well enough so that a printing firm. Snow said it was they had done in their home coun­ he can take exams to qualify him possible that Pham could help pre­ try until they learned English and for study in Albany as a pharmacist. pare the newsletter that is sent out had satisfied professional require­ He was a master pharmacist in his monthly to the Vietnamese living ments. They were quite aware that own country. in Dutchess by the Interfaith Re­ this was a bad time for the economy Dung was somewhat upset at the settlement Consultation of which and they were all willing to take reception he and other Vietnamese he is chairman. jobs that by any standards were have received at the plant, where menial." Starting Out All Over other workers consider them The head of the family went to "stupid Asiatics." However, despite their ordeal, the work with his wife in a local nurs­ " We aren' t stupid," he said, "but Vietnamese family was gracious, po­ ing home, two of the women got I don' t argue, I just smile. All we lite and grateful for another chance. jobs in a local dressmaking firm, want to do is get along here in the When they arrived in Poughkeepsie, and other members of the family United States ·here we have free­ arrangements had already been went to work in the local candy dom." made to house them in the Catho­ cane factory. It was there that the His mother, Cao Thi Tuyet, who lic chaplain's house at Marist Col­ refugees had a different kind of ex­ works as a nurse in the Hyde Park lege. Because it was summer, the perience. Nursing Home, has enjoyed a kinder students were away so that dorm Good Intentions Are Not Enough reception and has made a number as well as housing facilities were of friends among women parish­ readily available. By nightfall, all the About the time Community ioners at Community Methodist. members of the family were under Methodist was arranging for its own She said, laughingly, that she's even one roof. family, eight other Vietnamese fam­ learned a few things about Ameri­ " People in the parish had already ilies were brought in under the can women she never knew before. prepared food for them and since sponsorship of Candy Lane Corp., " From seeing movies," she said, they had minimal clothing, we took on North Hamilton Street in the city. " I used to think that all American immediate inventory of their needs The sponsor, Raymond Ducorsky, women wanted to do was play and and were able to provide for them agreed to provide the 42 refugees dance. Now that I have American in the next two or three weeks," under hi s care with rent for the first friends, I know better." Snow continued. " We were also month in the Rip Van Winkle apart­ " In fact," she continued, " here concerned with language skills, ments, a certain amount of food and I've found that American women work skills and how best they might jobs for those who cou ld work in can do what a man can do." This be employed on the short-term un­ hi s factory. isn 't the case in South Vietnam. til they could start taking care of The plan turned sour for a num­ Although her husband, Giat Due themselves. They were grateful for ber of reasons. Pham, admitted he was still home- the help, but we could see that they For one thing, though Ducorsky New World Outlook • March 1976 [131) 27 meant well and reportedly spent so ns) be authori zed for sponso rship Th e need for such an ongoin g fa­ about $5 ,500 of his own money to of a si ngle employer. He further cility is important because there are bring the refugees to Poughkeepsie, advised that church groups refuse three phases to rese ttlement: The he w as not prepared to deal with to release dossiers to age ncies that first cri sis phase, the second stabi­ th eir social problems. A hard worker " have no effecti ve prese nce in th e lization phase and th e third long­ himself, whose day reportedly rese ttlement area," and th at " when term a d v~so r y phase. Dutchess started at 4 a.m. and went on until inte ragency coordinators . . . au­ County currently ha s about all the 6 p.m., he had no time to be a so­ th o ri ze employer sponsorships of Vi etnamese refu gees it can resettle. cia l worker. As Snow put it, " He refugee groups, th ey should consult Proselytism Not an Issue gave them a job, a roof over their w ith or at least alert local churches hea ds and a few boxes of food and and voluntary se rvice organizations Th e concern that Protestant groups expected that w ould take ca re of of the immigration to the commu­ might try to proselytize the Roman them. It didn't. " nity. " Catholic refu gees they were as­ The end res ult was th at th e loca l signed to resettle never became an A Series of Problems chapter of the American Red Cross iss ue. had to step in to make sure th e fa m­ Community Methodist became " When the Protestant churches il ies had en ough clothing, food and awa re of the problems at Candy began the resettlement process, we furniture to get them through the Lan e first hand by virtue of the fact understood among ourselves that the w inter. And ultimately, the famili es that several of its own sponsor fam­ Vi etnamese would not only be free w ere responsored with area ily members worked there. Since it to practice their Roman Catholic churches. was a non union plant, workers al­ faith but would be encouraged to Fo r another, the agencies that re ­ read y there resented the influx of do so. And we made an effort to leased the refugees to him had no Vietnamese and feared for their own see that they went to Mass Sunday," local representative in the Pough­ jobs. Some Vietnamese felt the jobs Dr. Snow said. keepsie area and no way to make they were assigned to were beyond " Kn owing that that was our posi­ sure that the money they were given their physical capabilities. Others tion," he continued, " we urged of­ was properly spent. Ducorsky de­ felt their supervisors were unduly fi cials at the camp not to try to ducted money from their wages to harsh . And at least one, according match up individual families with pay back the money he spent for to a New York Times article, com­ churches of their own faith." their rent. plained because a supervisor at the " And now," he said, " we have The fact that Candy Lane ran in­ plant called one of the Vietnamese found that more and more Catholic to trouble as a sponsor was no sur­ an animal. parishes are stepping in to assume prise to Dr. Snow: he had warned " We sensed in our people real sponsorships." Four in the Pough­ federal authorities against the move feelings of insecurity and we had keepsie area are Holy Trinity R.C. when he went to Indiantown Gap to counsel them to find out where Church in Poughkeepsie, St. Colum­ to pick up the Pham family. the pressures were," Dr. Snow said . ba R.C. Church in Hopewell Junc­ In a Sept. 19 memo to a number Ultimately, at least one of the Pham tion, Mount Carmel R.C. Church in of groups including the State De­ sons quit his job at Candy Lane to Poughkeepsie, and Regina Coeli partment, the interagency task force work for a local printing firm. R.C. Church in Hyde Park. at Indiantown Gap, Robert Gilson, Since the churches in the county O ther church sponsors include: the federal coordinator for new ar­ took over the sponsorships of the Community Baptist in Wappingers riva ls at the camp, John W. Schauer eight families, the situation is much Falls, St. Timothy Lutheran Church of Church World Service and Dr. improved. Now, 20 to 25 congrega­ in Hyde Park, First Lutheran Church Thomas of UMCOR, Dr. Snow tions are working together in a con­ in Poughkeepsie, the Hyde Park wrote : " The apparent advantages of sortium to assist the Vietnamese. United Methodist Church, First an employer sponsorship and re­ They meet at least once a month to Presbyterian Church in Poughkeep­ settlement for groups and multiple discuss areas of common concern. sie, Trinity United Methodist in families of lndo China refugees are These meetings of the Dutchess Poughkeepsie, Christ Episcopal circumscribed by severe limitations Interfaith Resettlement Consultation Church in Poughkeepsie, the Fishkill and I iabi I ities." are conducted on practical as well Church of the Nazarene, the Fishkill Among them are a lack of security as tactical levels. One church may United Methodist Church, Temple in ho u s in ~ and jobs, the difficulty have two refrigerators, an other Beth El and St. John's Lutheran. if not imposs ibility of providing needs one for its family. A third To keep themselves and their daily personalized support, the church describes the difficulties it Vietnamese families abreast of de­ neglect of sch ool and pre-school has had processing an application. velopments, the churches have is­ children, the hazards of exploitation In short, information, services and sued their own newsletter, called, and discrimination endemic to the equipment are shared. " Doi Song Moi" (New Life) . employer sponsorship . . . without Dr. Snow called the consortium It deals with the comings and go­ effective outside grievance, little of churches a " pilot project" that in5s of Vietnamese families, social ch ance for the workers to learn Eng­ hopefully will become an ongoing gatherings open to them, teaching lish and " haphazard" medical care counseling service and clearing aids and English manuals available eve n if the employer has a medical house for Vietnamese over the next to them and a host of other bits of exa miner. year or so in the Dutchess area. He information necessary to help the Dr. Snow recommended that " no said he plans to apply to UMCOR Vietnamese function in their new group of refugees (beyond 6-8 per- for funds for it. homes. • 28 [ 132] New World Outlook • March 1976 '' '' two profiles IS FOR ARNALDY Janet Harbison Penfield

rnaldy Quismondo is travel­ perhaps more subtle requirements mino ri ty of Pro tes tants (ca ll ed A ling the length and breadth of for effecti ve mission abroad Arnaldy " Eva nge lica ls" in the Philippines) the United States these days to ex­ had discovered through having li ves in th e so uthern island of M in­ plore with American church women been the object of the attentions danao. Th e Ramos fa mily, A rn aldy's " the most urge nt frontiers of uni­ of missionaries before she became parents and their children, were ve rsal human needs"; to discover one herself. · Eva nge licals. with groups of women " the global While she was growing up in A rn aldy's father, trai ned as an relatedness and interdependence of Davao, on Mindanao island, Ar­ enginee r, and one of th e lea ding the community of Christ's Body .. . ." naldy had no idea she would be a citizens of Davao, left his w ife w ith These are high-sounding words, m1 ss 1onary. Although the Philip­ eleven children w hen he was exe­ and Arnaldy means them seriously. pines is largely Roman Catholic, a cuted by the Japan ese ea rl y in their But she does not come at her faith large concentration of the sm all occupa tion of th e Ph ilippines . "She or her current assignment as a spe­ w as only thirty-three /' Arn aldy cial consultant with the United says. " A ve ry plucky w oman." Presbyterian Church solemnly or Though he w as cut off in m id­ gloomily. caree r, Arn aldy's fa ther left a vigor­ Arnaldy is from the Philippines. ous impress ion on his daughter. She is a slip of a woman who has " I w as the oldest. I think my lived largely both tragedy and tri­ parents wanted a so n w ho would umph. But her experiences sit have had some kind of name like lightly on her. Laughter is always "The children were 'Arnoldo'. You see, my father was shining just below the surface of all named In much influence d as he was coming her velvet-brown eyes. alphabetical order. up by an Ameri ca n enginee r ca ll ed The United States is Arnaldy's Mr. Kin g. W e w ere always hea ring third " foreign mission" field. In I was the oldest, ab out Mr. Kin g w hen I was a child. 1952, she and her husband, the so "A" for Arnaldy." M y father had a lot of systems and Reverend Jorge Quismondo (she I think some came from Mr. King. calls him " George;"- " lf I say to Th e children were all named in alpha­ him 'Hor-hay', he knows I am beti ca l order, for instance . I was the angry about something."), were sent eldes t, so 'A' for A rn aldy. So metimes by the United Church of Christ of on Friday nights we woul d all be the Philippines as its first mission­ taken to the movies, I reca ll. And aries abroad. Jorge was by then ex­ one night w hen we were bein g perienced in student work; Arnaldy chec ked off by letter outside th e had received training in Christian theater, ' F' w as miss in g. So so me­ education. Th ey went to Makass ar body went back inside and there in Indonesia, where they first had was ' F,' quietl y weeping in his to master the native language--one sea t. " of the many number of Indonesian A rn aldy's father kept a close tongues. watch on his children's education, " Jorge learned faster than I did/' too. He w ent round to th e p rincipa l Arnaldy recall s. " He has a gift for to ge t an explanati on w hen Ar­ languages. At first I had to write my naldy w as skipped a grade. W hat lectures for the seminary there in wi th natural precociou sness, skip- English and have them translated. You should really know the lan­ Mrs. Penfield is a free-lance writer guage before you undertake a mis­ w ho lives in Pr inceton, New j ersey and sion to a country." This is some­ is also a United Pres byterian represen­ thing missionaries from the United tative to the Consultation on Church States have discovered, too. Other, Union . New World Outlook • March 1976 [ 133) 29 thur L. Carson, in a household that while Jorge was becoming involved came to include two American fam­ in student Christian work. Thus, ilies, plus an American soldier, sev­ when the " Macedonian call" came eral Norwegian men, and a number some years later, they were ready. of Filipinos. The Quismondos put in another Coastal areas being peculiarly vul­ stint as missionaries abroad in Laos, rierable, the remains of Silliman during the warfare there, working were moved up into the mountains primarily with refugees between - Arnaldy going along. The Carsons 1971 and 1974. Arnaldy has never became for the young woman ceased to teach and to study-in in­ stitutions all the way from a school she helped to found in the moun­ tains in the Philippines during the war, through McCormick Seminary, in Chicago, to another school of which she was the principal in Vien­ "A vigorously tiane, Laos. That this youthful-looking enthu­ blooming vision siastic missionary to the U.S.A. is a of what a grandmother is a surprising fact. Of transnational the four Quismondo children, the eldest, a daughter, is married and missionary has two children of her own. The can be." next two are in college, now, and the youngest is in high school. All of them, and Jorge, are in the Phil­ ippines. But Arnaldy, now on her third visit to the United States, has some relatives in this country and finds life not too dissimilar in its everyday details from what she is accustomed to. ("We eat more po­ tatoes than we used to, and less rice.") Helping to plan next summer's tri­ ennial United Presbyterian Women's conclave in Purdue is among Ar­ naldy's current assignments. Some five thousand women, and men, too, this time, will gather on the Indiana campus from July 14-19. The regular missionary conference of the United ping two grades, and starting rather like surrogate parents. They Presbyterian Church, involving fra­ school quite early, Arnaldy was ce rtainly had a strong influence on ternal workers stationed all around ready for the university when she her beliefs. " The seed of my real the world, but home on furlough, was fifteen. By the time she was Christian faith was sown in me at will take place concurrently with the sixteen, she was already teaching that time," Arnaldy says. U.P.W . meeting. Since global prob­ others. Some vicissitudes later, at the end lems-hunger, population questions, Arnaldy went to college at Silli­ of the war, Arnaldy, then only women's roles, armaments, multi-na­ man University, an institution spon­ twenty, married Jorge Quismondo. tional corporations are examples­ sored largely by the American Pres­ Together they went back to the re­ byterian Church. Silliman was lo­ constituted Silliman to finish their form a large part of the agenda of cated in the central Philippines, at studies. Other Americans, all Chris­ the Purdue meeting, the presence Dumaguete, on the coast of the tians with a strong vision of what and participation of many people island of Negros, considerably north independent churches around the from all parts of the world, par­ and west of Mindanao. After the world might be, came to have an ticularly women with extensive Japanese occupation, the women influence on the young couple. world-wide experience like Arnaldy students and faculty of the insti­ Among these Arnaldy cites especial­ Quismondo, is sure to shape the tution were dispersed as fast as pos­ ly Winburn Thomas, Margaret Flory, Purdue sessions. Church women and sible-the students generally going and James Robinson, all well-known men who will meet Arnaldy there, to their home places. Arnaldy and Presbyterians. Thus, instead of be­ and all during the months from now one other young woman were un­ coming the lawyer her father had until July while she is traveling, able to make their way home. They wanted her to be, or the doctor she will encounter a vigorously bloom­ therefore stayed with the wife of had dreamed of becoming, Arnaldy ing vision of what a trans-national the President of the university, Ar- studied Christian education. Mean- missionary can be. • 30 (134] New World Outlook • March 1976 By Rich rd E Ch rtier JOSE MIGUEZ BONINO from latin america to the world scene

ultad") and sup nnt ndent of the was, and continu s to be, prof sso r Gr at r Bu no Air district of the of Sy t mat1c Th olog . ith the M thodist hur h er ation of ISEDET he assum d the In 1961 , follo ing th r tirement additional rol of Director of Grad- of the late Dr B. Foster to kwell a ual tud1 s pre id nt (a tually " d cano" or Although M1gu z' primary rol d an ) of th eminary, Miguez as- ha s b n that of professor and ad­ um d that offi 1n which h con- ministrator at the seminary his trnu d until in 1970 th Facultad ph r of activity has gone far b - E angelica de T olog1a m rg d with yond that institution, as demanding a Lutheran s hool to form th Prot- as 1t was in terms of his tim and tant High r In t1tut of Theologi­ n rgi s. Migu z' immense ability cal tud1es (I EDET). was r cogn1z d ry early and he Under th ucce ding r ctor hips was incr asingly sought after for a in I EDET of Dr B la Le ko, the wide an ty of I adership roles. He late John L1twill r and, now, Ro­ was oon 1n demand as a teacher- b rto Rio , M1gu z r ed as ice­ p ak r-writ r not only in Arg n­ R ctor. During all of those years h tina but also elsewhere in Latin

"Miguez I rlghtly regarded as a 'theo oglan of llberatlon' In that he Is concerned with 'doing theology' In the context of the truggle for llbe ration."

now ma p r , \I Ameri ca and in more recent vears Miguez is an eloquent voice of that nomic dependence and it is that in many parts o f the world .*, His impressive array of Third World context in which, for Miguez, God willingness to accept re sponsibility churchmen who have emerged in acts. Christians are called to dis­ and his capaci ty for work are extra­ recent years and have found impor­ cern and participate in God's re­ o rd inary. tant places in the world Christian demptive activity. His ecumenical commitments and community. He maintains, however, a critical the many invitations to speak stan ce with respect to any theology which he receives have led him to His Work as a Theologian of liberation. He would and does become very much the peripateti c With that important qualifier- criticize those theologies which, for theologian who, nonetheless, is still namely that he is a Latin American example, are Biblically irresponsible able to dispatch very competently theologian- a brief glance at Mi- (in their hermeneutics), ignore the his duties as professor at the lnsti- guez as theologian is in order. lesson s of the history of Christian tuto and in a number of other re- A theologian is one who articu- thought or are ecclesiologically un­ sponsibilities in Argentina. !ates in systematic fashion the na- sound. While the word " theologian" is ture and content of the Christian An Ecumenical Theologian the right appellation for Miguez, faith. Miguez has been doing just one would have to refer to him that for many years now both as Miguez has always been an ecu­ as pastor - preacher - teacher_ writ- professor and also in the various menist or, if one prefers, an ecu­ er-ecumenist-churchman-as well other roles in which he expresses menical theologian. as theologian- to encompass the his far-ranging and his impressive He was educated at the Union scope of his concerns and activities. creativity. In all of these roles he Theological Seminary in Buenos In all of these roles he has demon- has demonstrated an over-riding Aires under the irenic spirit and strated the remarkable ability · ior concern to help Christians to " give ecumenical concern of the late Dr. which he ha s come to be so widely a reason for the faith that is in Stockwell, who made such a pro­ respected. them." Miguez' theology has never found contribution to Latin Ameri­ And to the word theologian one been " ivory-tower" in nature be- can theological education and to the needs to preface the phrase Latin cause his deep commitment to the ecumenical movement. American because it is this fact life of the Church on all levels has A Methodist, Miguez is a second which, coupled with his personal given that theology a practical char- generation "evangelico" (Protes­ credentials, accounts in significant acter, rooted in the hard soil of tant) and a part of the " second­ measure for the increasing attention church reality. Miguez has moved fruits" of the missionary movement. given to Miguez. from the " evangelical liberalism" of He believes in the importance and, For Miguez is a Latin American- his early mentors through neo- indeed, necessity of belonging to a more specifically he is an Argentine orthodoxy (he might have accepted particular denomination or confes­ sion. Yet he has been constantly (and even more specifically a " por- the term "Barthian" at one point tefio" -from Aires, the port)-and and that giant-and Bultman, Brun- aware of the Church which trans­ cends the denominational and con­ that, he would hasten to affirm ner and Bonhoeffer among others- fessional expressions of the Meth­ conditions and configures much of has made his impact on Miguez' odist Church. He has participated his identity, thought and action. thought) to a theology which would in international ecumenical confer­ This " historical specificity" -as he defy any easy labeling. ences, worked as a member of the might term it-not only has shaped Miguez combines a competency Faith and Order Working Commit­ him in large measure but also de- in and profound concern for a tee of the World Council, has been termines the context in which he is strong Biblical hermeneutics with a a member of the Central Committee called ~o " do theology." It is very great sense of the history of dogma, of the World Council of Churches much rn the tradition of Spanish a great emphasis on the " kerygma" and, now, is one of six presidents of thought to take very seriously that and the distinctive nature of the that body. " specificity" or that context. (And it Christian message as derived from In addition Miguez has always is also very Biblical!) God's redemptive activity and, more been deeply involved in the ecu­ And, of course, that Latin Ameri- recently, a quest for a theology menical movement in Argentina and can reality is very much a part of rooted in and relevant to the Latin elsewhere in Latin America, includ­ the World which we are just American situation. . Th~rd ing work in the Federation of ?egrnnrng to take seriously-with His recent book (reviewed by Roy Churches in Argentina, youth and its p~oblems , possibilities and per- May in the December issue of " New spectrves. World Outlook"), Doing Theology student ecumenical organizations, the Church and Society movement Miguez is one of those so emi- in a Revolutionary- Situation, ex- and other para-ecclesiastical organ­ nently qualified to speak to us on presses the task which he sees con- behalf of the Third World and for fronting Christians in Latin Amer- izations and in the Protestant-Catho­ the good of us all who need the ica and els.ewhere. Miguez is right- lic dialogue-to name just a few of corrective and prophetic word ly regarded as a "theologian of lib- his many ecumenical concerns and which that world has for us. eration" in that he is concerned activities. with "dor·ng theology" ·1n the con- * Fo r exa mple in the academic year 1967-68 A Prolific Writer he was the Henry Luce Vi siting Profess or text of the struggle for liberation. of World .Christianity at Union Theological Latin America is characterized by Miguez will be known by many Se minary in New York City. socio-political oppression and eco- who have never met him through 3 2 [ 13 6] New World Outlook • March 1976 his writing. He is a prolific writer. rema rkable ta lent fo r communicat­ plined mind w ith great homiletical Th e list of hi s articl es, chapters in ing ideas in clea r and compell ing gifts. M iguez ha s the abi lity to re­ books and his own books would be fa shion have enab led many students, late the basic truths of the Christian a long and impressive one. collea gues and ch urch members to fa ith to concrete situations and is­ M uch of his ea rli er writing was lea rn how to think more responsi­ sues and to fi nd the ethica l and " occasional", that is, prompted by bly about the Christian fa ith. pastoral implications of those specific req ues ts ari sing out o f the He is a co nsummate teacher and, truths. needs and interes ts of church lea d­ happily, his work as a theologian M iguez is and always has been ers, religious peri odica ls and the has always been car ri ed out with hi s intimately and deeply involved in like. As his reputati on sp rea d it was teaching role as the focus and point and related to the Church- in sho rt increas ingly the case of " ask Mi­ of reference . a devout and committed church­ guez " or " Miguez is the one w ho Close ly allied with his teaching ma n. One thinks , for example, of ca n do that" with res pect to a gi ven role-for w hich Miguez is, dese rved­ his own pastorates, his work as a arti cle. ly, highly regard ed- has bee n that distri ct superintendent, his vital Th en, too, mu ch of his w riting of speaker. He is one of the co ntribution in helping th e Arge n­ was born out of the ecumenica l ab lest and most effective spea kers ti ne Methodist Church prepare for co nce rn and another large pa rt was I have known. He is very much in its autonomous status and his sub­ directly attributab le to his in te res t demand as a spea ker both in sequent lea dership in the Council in Roman Cath oli cism and its in­ church and secular contexts be­ on th e Life and Miss ion of that teres t in w hat Miguez could con­ ca use of his extrao rdinary capac ity church. He is a devoted family tribute from his perspective and for th e effecti ve· communica ti on of man, " crioll o" -by birth and con­ co mpetency as a Protestant theo­ significant ideas and concern s. vi ction- in his habi ts and prefer­ logian. (His book on the Second Th ro ugh his spea king his teaching ences ("mate" -herb tea-drinke r, Vati ca n Coun cil, at w hich he was a ro le has fa r transcended the se mi­ for exa mple). He is fi erce ly loyal to Protestant obse rve r, in a se nse re­ nary class room and co untless per­ Argentina, conve rsa nt with contem­ fl ects both of those factors.) so ns have benefited from it. porary cultural forms and trends, Increas in gly over the yea rs he Preaching is ve ry important in pass ionate " futbol" (soccer) player has devoted more and more atten­ th e Latin American co ntex t and M i­ and fa n, talker and disp utant-all tion to th e Latin Ameri ca n rea lity as guez is an exceptional preacher these and mo re mark th e human the contex t of the li fe and miss ion combining a theologian's disci- Miguez. • of the Church. Numerou s articles and chapters in books ex press that co nce rn and his rece nt book-" Do­ ing Th eo logy in a Revolutionary Sit­ uati on"-is a major statement of his conce rn and thinking about that is­ sue. And although they were not de­ Integrity is of the Essence signed for a w ide rea dership hi s oc­ casional papers dealing, for exam­ ple, w ith th e concrete problems and conce rn s of the Arge ntine M ethod­ "For us in the younger ten than that of Che Guevara. It ist Church or the se minary have churches integrity is of the es­ is the name of Jesus Christ. You been immense ly helpful to many of sence. We cannot permit our­ find it in their protest songs, in us w ho have worked w ith him. O ne selves to forget integrity or our books, in declarations, and in thinks also of hi s spl endid contri­ own responsibility before God poetry. The exaltation of Christ bution to the elaborati on of the and before men. We cannot for is as common as the condemna­ documents w hi ch paved the way the love of our brethren or for tion of the church. It would be for the autonomous status and the love of God let anybody or all too easy to point out theo­ fun cti oning of the Igl es ia Eva ngelica anything stand in the way of our logical heresies, exegetical errors, M etodista Argentina. taking on our own shoulders our and confusions in interpretation. M iguez has always bee n a theo­ responsibility. If, in order to do But more and more Christians, logian deeply involved in the life of that, we must say to you, our and even theologians, are begin­ th e Church and has sought to relate friends, stay home, we will do so ning to see that in their some­ theology to eccl es ias ti ca l practi ce because before God we have this times strange and even blasphe­ and policies, even in such mundane grave responsibility of our in­ mous insistence on identifying matters as budgets. tegrity." Jesus Christ and the fight for lib­ eration, they are true prophets." M iguez has bee n, for more than " On my continent, Latin twenty years, one of the mos t com­ America, the people involved in from " The Present Crisis in Mission," petent and respected se minary pro­ the struggle for a new society by Jose M iguez Bonino, New World fessors of the many able persons evoke only one name more of- Outlook, April, 1972 w ho have taught at the " Facultad"/ lnstitu to". M iguez' grea t ability to analyze and systematize the fa ith and his

New World Outlook • M arch 1976 [ 13 7] 33 [138] New World Outlook • March 1976 New World Outlook • March 1976 [139] 35 ~. ""' .": . ~ - . . ~. I ~ . ' I , \ • " . ' ' Ron O'Grady To North Americans, the follow­ kok. Then with a wave he went ing story may sound like fiction but driving back to the wonderful place ISTlERE every part is reality in rural Thailand. he had described. It is a true, composite story put to­ Gaew listened to Ma's stories and gether and turned into a drama by felt un settled as he thought of the students of Payap College, Chieng­ routine of his own life-every day HOPE mai, a liberal arts institution founded in the paddies. He and Ma had by the Church of Christ in Thailand. grown up together; had been The story of Gaew, Oei and their friends. Now there was a gulf be­ INM village is probably the first fully tween them . Gaew brooded with indigenous political drama to ap­ envy. His frustrations erupted a pear in Thailand. Accompanied by week later. After a bitter argument music, dance and mime in a land with his eldest brother, he talked VLLA

In the eye of a Hispanola hurri­ in 1861-1863. United States influ­ peace. Under Trujillo, torture, exi le, cane, all appears quiet. The tropical en ce was always strong-the Grant imp ri so nment and assassination were sun warms the sidewalks and gentle administration attempted to annex the principal mea ns of govern menta l breezes sw ay the palm trees of the country in 1869 and the U.S. contro l. Santo Domingo belying the fury collected customs re venues for a A lthough Truj illo devoted much just minutes away. period beginning in 1906. The effort to cu ltivating good re lations To many observers the hurrican e climax of this period of domination with the U.S., the American gov­ is an apt metaphor of life in the was occupation by U.S . Marines ernment became in creasingly ali­ Dominican Republic under the so­ from 1916 to 1924. enated, es peciall y after he attempted ca lled military democra cy of Dr. Most Americans, however, think to assass inate the pres ident of Ve ne­ Joaquin Balaguer. The surface stabil­ of the Dominican Republ ic in con­ zuela. In M ay, 1961 Tru j ill o was ity which is so attractive to U.S. nection w ith the name of Rafael himse lf assass inated by a Dominica n investment and tourism belies a Trujillo, who ruled directly or in­ military clique; in Novembe r of last potentially explosive situation char­ directly from 1930 to 1961 . Trujillo yea r Se nator Church's committee acterized by a burgeoning popula­ was a by-product of the Marine investi ga ting i ntel I igence activities tion, rampant inflation, the denial occupation who rose to power as revea led that the Cl.A. knew about of political opposition and the a friend of U.S. military officers who the plot aga inst Trujillo and assisted heavy repression of human rights. found him efficient at keeping the it. The Dominican Republic was dis­ covered by Columbus in 1492 and Police invade the office of the longshoremen's trade union (POASI). Police repres­ was said to be the land the explorer sion is the government's final answer to legal trade union organizing. " loved the most." Twice the size of New Hampshire and w ith a coast­ line of 979 miles, the Dominican Republ ic covers the eastern two thirds of Hispaniola Island, the other third of w hich is occupied by Haiti, which once ruled the entire island. The country has fertile soil and produces sugar, cocoa, coffee, to­ bacco, corn, peanuts, bananas and I ivestock. Among other resources are nickel, gold, copper, iron, salt, chalk, bauxite, marble, amber and kaolin. The U.S. buys more than 50 per cent of the Republic's exports, chiefly sugar, cocoa and coffee, and the D.R. gets about 50 per cent of its imports from the U.S. The coun­ try's population of 4.5 million is growing at the rate of three per cent a year, one of the highest 1n Latin America. Before it became a republic in 1844, the country was a political football, controlled in turn by France, then Haiti, then Spain, then Haiti again. Spain occupied it again New World Outlook • March 1976 [143] 39 younger army officers and pro­ Bosch civilians, had widespread sup­ port and gained an early initiative. Cabral resigned and a Bosch asso­ ciate was sworn in by rebel officers as provisional president. The U.S. embassy cabled Washington that this meant a "serious threat of a communist takeover" and four days after the revolt began President Johnson sent in the U.S . Marines. Johnson explained to the American people that the purpose was to rescue Americans but the actual purpose was to prevent the return of Juan Bosch to power. Later, Presi­ dent Johnson told reporters that the real reason for the intervention was (Right) A now-famous figure, to prevent a communist takeover. Mama Tingo, a poor campesina Although the Marines were offi­ organizer who was killed in cially neutral, it was clear from the 1974 for her courage. (Below) start which side they were support­ Members of the telephone ing and the rebel cause was lost. workers union protest the The provisional president sought imprisonment of their general asylum and by September peace had secretary. returned and the Marines were slowly withdrawn. To many U.S. friends, the intervention aroused violent opposition, according to historian Barnet, " because of its crudeness and the swathe of lies in which it was wrapped." The State Department began an elaborate campaign attacking the idea of non­ intervention. Johnson tried to depict the landing of the Marines as a new breakthrough in international rela­ tions rather than gunboat diplomacy revived. The intervention symbo­ lized the fact that the Dominican Republic has been a political and After Trujillo's death, the first death of constitutional government economic satellite of the United democratic process in decades took and broke diplomatic relations. States (for years it has even been place in the Dominican Republic in The military installed a civilian considered part of " home" or na­ which Juan Bosch emerged in 1962 triumvirate headed by Reid Cabral tional missions by many North as Pres ident by an overwhelming whose efforts to promote U.S. in­ American m1ss1on agencies) . As majority. He was supported by the vestment in the Dominican Republic Barnet writes, the Dominican urban poor and rural masses who persuaded President Johnson to re­ Republic's " proximity to the North believed Bosch would oppose the sume diplomatic relations a few American continent, its economic old power structures and defend weeks after he became president. dependence, its long history of civil their inte rests. According to historian American investment, military mis­ strife, have made it peculiarly vul­ Richard Barnet, Bosch asserted "a sions and AID programs flowed nerable to U.S. domination." personal style that reflected his back into the country, but an end­ On June 1, 1966 the second presi­ desperate longing for national inde­ less cycle of plotting against the dential election in forty years was pendence and dignity. This suc­ government continued. At the urging ceeded only in infuriating both the of the U.S. government, Cabral had held in the Dominican Republic and local oligarchy and the American continued the financial austerity of Dr. Joaquin Balaguer was the pre­ officials." Finally, too many groups his predecessor and the result was dictable winner. Juan Bosch had were arrayed against him and he mass unemployment. When he cut agreed to run but never campaigned was removed from power in Sep­ the funds for his armed forces (also for fear of assassination . The army tember, 1963, by a military coup led at the urging of the U.S. for " re­ effectively intimidated his support­ by Col. Wessin y Wessin, who was forms") his last support collapsed ers. The election itself seemed to be promptly acclaimed by Time maga­ and civil war broke out in April, reasonably free and its outcome was zine as the savi or of the country. 1965. acclaimed by the U.S . as a victory However, the U.S. protested the The revolt, which was led by for constitutionalism. Balaguer was

40 [ 144] New World Outlook • March 1976 re-elected in 1970 and in 1974 he a stockholder resolution with Gulf & was virtually unopposed for election Western Corporation about its to a third term. Acting on recom­ operations in the Dominican Repub­ mendation by the opposition, about lic because Dominican sources com­ half of the nation's two million plained that G&W's massive land­ voters failed to cast ballots. holdings have had an adverse effect Balaguer has proved to be an on food production and that the agile politician. He ha s instituted corporation was paying its sugar some public works to attack the cane workers wages that were be­ high unemployment, but these are low subsistence. widely criticized as wasteful and of William Wipfler, director of the the wrong type. There are well­ NCC's Latin America office, said paved avenues through good resi­ the NCC was also seeking G&W's dential neighborhoods while slum attitude toward recent widespread streets are impassable. Domestic repression of the labor movement repression has increased, not under by the Dominican government. And the army, which has actually im­ in view of disclosures about political proved its image, but under a group contributions made by other U.S. of police known as LaBanda. The corporate investors in Latin America, distinction is academic. The No. 1 the NCC requested G&W to furnish Army General, Neil Rafael Nivar any data on such contributions the Seijas, is also the Chief of the corporation may have made to the National Police. government. A North American Commission on In contrast to the growth of the Human Rights, composed of six multinationals, the trade union religious, labor and political prisoner movement has been effectively organizations, visited the Dominican stifled by the government. There Republic and documented hundreds have been no strikes in the last three of additional cases of the abuse of years, not because accords were human rights. The commission spoke reached or contracts signed, but be­ with Fafa Taveras of the Popular cause whenever the unions have Dominican Movement who had just finished serving five years in prison. He told the commission that his party members had now served 200 man-years in prison and that 84 members of the party had been killed since 1963. The commission (Left) Fafa Taveras, head of also spoke with Francisco Pena the Dominican Popular Move­ Gomez of the Dominican Revolu­ ment (MPD), a political party, tionary Party who is prohibited from has just been released after five appearing on any radio or television year in prison. (Below) Hurricane program. The reason for this, the "Eloise" flooded the streets of comm1ss1on concluded, is that this town on the north coast in 1975. Gomez raises questions about the constitutionality of the Balaguer government. Unfortunately for the U.S., practically everyone in the Dominican Republic sees the hand of the United States in everything that happens. Since Balaguer's election in 1966 the Dominican Republic has been the object of massive penetration of the economy by multinational cor­ porations, especially Gulf & West­ ern, which is involved in sugar, cattle ra1s1ng, citrus production, cement production, tourism, insur­ ance, an industrial free port and other concerns. Others include Fal­ conbridge and Rosario Mining. Last October, the National Coun­ cil of Churches in the U.S.A. filed New World Outlook • March 1976 [ 145] 41 called a strike their offices have been invaded, their leaders arrested and their funds confiscated. The General Secretary of the National Telephone Workers Union, Juan Francisco Vargas, was arrested August 9, 1975. The police entered his home and placed a small box of bullets on his bureau, in the sight of everyone, and claimed it as " dis­ covered" evidence. A piece of burned newspaper used by Mrs. Vargas to light the stove's pilot was called a " subversive document." Vargas was charged with " carrying firearms" and " practicing commu­ nism." As an example, Francisco Antonio Santos, who has publicly criticized the Gulf & Western Corporation for having cancelled the membership lists of some 300 trade unions among them the union at La Ro~ mana, the sugar mill owned by Gulf & Western, was arrested by the Santo Domingo police on June 5, 1975, and is still in prison, along with three other officials of the General Workers Federation (CGT) . Vargas, Santos, and other union leaders see the multinationals in coalition with the government to destroy the Dominican workers movement. Their plight has come to the attention of American union leaders, such as Leonard Woodcock of United Auto Workers, and Arnold Miller, of the United Mine Workers of America, who have protested to the Dominican government. · Inflation is growing at the rate of over 25 per cent. In 1965, the plain­ tain, a banana-like vegetable that is a Dominican staple, cost two or three cents apiece; it is now 18-20 cents. Other specific food price comparisons show a rise in the cost of living since 1965 of between 200 and 500 per cent. A major cause of inflation is the increase in the price of petroleum. There is approxi­ mately 30 per cent unemployment. There may be signs of a rainbow ?ehind the present hurricane hang­ ing over Santo Domingo. It is a rain­ bow of the people protesting the present injustice, a protest just be­ ginning to shine through that storm to the world outside. In the midst of the sufferi ng and danger there, members of the Human Rights Commission were "amazed at the courage of so many ordinary Domin­ icans." •

42 [ 146] New World Outlook • March 1976 - - ...... ,,,,, remember him-exalted, sentimental­ joy. Elsewhere Muggeridge has told the - • - ized, debunked, made and remade to story of his own life as disillusioned ... ~ the measure of each generation's desire, worldling, and his journey to Christ lltHtlC:S dread, indifference-he was man once, mediated to him largely through the whatever else he may have been. And selfl ess love of the contemporary saint ...._ ~ ~ ~ - he had a man's face, a human face." Mother Teresa of Calcutta and writers - from Blake to Simone Weil. He alter­ And he comments that like us he had a face his life gave shape to and that nates sublim e passages, sensitive and ...._ ~ ..._ - shaped his and other lives and that we beautiful writing with his curmudgeony might turn away from the mystery of comments on his own pct hates "Angli­ ~ - ... - that face, that life "as much of the can vicars in their leather patched cas­ time we turn away from the mystery of socks . . . mini-skirted girls with moon THE FACES OF JESUS, Text by Fred­ li fe itself" and avoid meeting those real calf faces peering out of thickets erick Buechner; Photography by Lee eyes as we avoid meeting our own eyes of hair, all agog to be in Bangladesh or Boltin; A Riverwood/ Simon and in mirrors because for better or worse among the Kathmandu dropouts." He Schuster Book; New York 1974, 256 they tell us more than we want to suggests the Devil feels most at home in pages; $35; JESUS, The Man Who know. But, he adds, there is another fantasy, seeing more wile in "Eleanor Lives, by Malcolm Muggeridge, part of ourselves, the dreaming part, that Roosevelt than Maril yn Monroe, in the Harper and Row, New York 1975, runs to meet in dreams truths that in World Council of Churches than the 192 pages, $17.95 the worl d we run from and that this Mafia, as being amenable to his pur­ These two books have much in com­ book is about the face of Jesus as art­ poses, can work more readily through mon-they are lavish: beautifully ists have dreamed it fo r twenty cen­ utopians than through apocryphalists." printed and abundantly illustrated, and turies. "When it comes to the real If you stick with these animadversions, the accompanying texts are by brilliant truth ·of a face, the truth that fi nall y yo u will also find a haunting, sometimes contemporary writers. The prose is matters, who is to say that a dream does doubting (Muggericlge explains the fresh and arresting as the American less justice than a camera can?" And meaningless of the sacrament of com­ novelist /clergyman Frederick Buechner he notes that to the Hebrew writers munion to him ) search for Jesus Christ. and the British journalist /wit falcolm Jesus had many faces because of thei r The sneer of Muggeridge's face some­ Muggeridge attempt to summari ze the way of thinki ng a face is not a front times obscures the love. But I like the li fe and meaning of Jesus in expensive to live one's life behind "but a frontier, way he ends his tale "Either Jesus never coffee table books aided b y artists in the outermos t visible edge of life in all was or he still is . As a typical product oil, wood, silk, crayon, brass, gold and its richness and multiplicity; and hence of these confused ti mes with a skeptical dozens of other textures and materials. they spoke not of the face of a man or mind and sensual di sposition, d iffid ently Each in its way is deeply movin g. The of God but of faces." And "You glimpse and unworthily, b ut with the u tmost Muggeridge book is much weightier on the mark of his face in the faces of certainty, I assert that he still is ." the prose side and consequently re­ everyone who ever looked towards him On the whole I like Buechner's book veals much about the writer, not all of or away from him, which means fin all y better-the pictures are bigger, the it agreeable. With the exception of a of course that you glimpse the mark of book graphically more intriguing, the few moderns- a Sidney oland can­ him also in your face too." scope more universal, and there is less vas, a drawing by Graham Sutherland Muggeridge's commentary is deeply showing off by the author and more -JESUS, The Man Who Lives draws marred b y his own stinging bitterness direct relevance to the pictures pro­ mostl y from the great mas ters of the against other people's versions of Christ duced on the page (this is a major Western tradition, the anonymous me­ - especiall y ones he fin d t::endy and of­ achievement for typographer and de­ dieval craftsmen and the Renaissance fensive such as the revolutionary Christ signer-to get the comments about the masters, Bellini and Blake, Vermeer and or Jesus Superstar or D . H . Lawrence's pictures so near the pictures them­ Van Gogh, and does not so much at­ That Man W ho Died. He admits to selves). Buechner, the novelist who gave tempt to interpret the paintings as to having his own personal picture of an us ion Country and Open Heart, has provide a separate commentary. Buech­ individual face he could recognize. his own share of irony, writes sublimely ner's book ranges widely to Africa, Asia, "Thinkin g about Jesus, as it happens, I here. To tell afresh this ancient story North and South America, though it have seen from time to time a particu­ is incredibly difficult. too draws from the European past. In lar face which, as I look at it, I take Of a Russian Orthodox ikon of Vir­ the Faces of Jesus Norman La Li­ to be his," Muggeridge says. D eclaring gin and Child he refers to the "most berte's banner of "Christ with Thorns" that it has come to him both sleepin g imperial halo of them all , a great Ferris precedes a seventeenth century Span­ and wakin g and with such extraordinary wheel freighted with seraphim and sea ish Veronica's veil. There are several clarity that he would recognize it any­ shells, with fl owers and fl ames and woodcuts by the contempora1y Japa­ where, the British writer, while declar­ sacred monograms of her son." And he nese master Sadao Watanabe. Salvador ing the inadequacy of adjectives, gives speaks of the Czarina's crown lis ting in Dali's Last Supper is to be found here us a swarthy, rather heavy featured face the crazy golden carnival of it. "Her as well as a crucifixion done with a with dark glowing eyes "not by any face is the blazing wheel's steel grey hub. felt marker by a seven year old Ameri­ means mild in the conventional sense, Saddened and wearied by the magnifi­ can girl. The Buechner book is more but rather formidable, powerful ; ex­ cent tastelessness of it all , she supports universal, more contemporary, and he pl aini ng why at his words the money her cheek in one hand, her finger deli­ comments directly on the illustrations changers scattered and Lazarus rose cately crooked out to shield her eyes which are divided into six secti ons; An­ from the dead, why the crowds listened from the wheeling light." Every pic­ nunciation, Nativity, Ministry, Last Sup­ to him as one having authority." And he ture receives lively, exact treatment. per, CruciRxion, and Resurrecti on. says that if he ever set eyes in this or does he like them all. He points " "He had a face," begins Buechner. world or the next on this "calm, serious, to the beauty not only of what is ma­ vVhoever he was or was not whoever strong, beautiful face, whose inherent jes tic and powerful but to what is he thought he was, whoever he had be­ sensuality has been diffused into love humble and powerless and comments come in the memories of men since and which shines out of it like li ght," it will that like any child Jesus only has one will go on becoming for as long as men be a moment of great and luminous power and that power to love and be New World Outlook • March 1976 [ 147) 4 3 loved which is of all powers most stract, the question arose for many peo­ powerful because it alone can conquer ple of just what is religious art in this the human heart "at the same time, it new context. l .. etters is of all powers the most powerless be­ At the same time, Christians from cause it can do nothing except by con­ non-Western cultures began to articulate sent." The very essence of love, Buech­ the need to express their faith in their ner comments, is to leave us free to own cultural language. This movement res;:iond or not respond because once it has steadily grown and deepened. This attempts to force our hand, it is no book of photographs ( 120, of which 58 SERMON STARTERS longer love but coercion, and what it are in full color) is an indispensable look The January, 1976 issue of New World Out­ elicits is no longer love but obedience. at Christian art in Asia today. It was look was so helpful to me that I shared some And what of evil? Our Presbyterian nov­ edited, and has an introductory essay of the "good news" with my congregations. Perhaps telling how I was helped will help elist says that evil exists in the world by, Professor Masao Takenaka of other preachers find sermon illustrations. not because God is indifferent or pow­ Doshisha University in Japan. Professor In a sermon on hope, I stated that there erless or absent but because man is Takenaka is one of those people whose are many good people doing good works now. free, and "free he must be if he is to fields of expertise run all the way from I referred to Arthur Pack on page 3. It helps to love freely, free he must be if he is urban mission to art, which saves him know a husband (and wife) would give 23,000 to be human." from any temptation to dwell in an ivory acres for "Ghost Ranch", and $400,000 for a So what do we have? More prose in tower. His introduction as well as his hospital, in addition to other gifts. Also I told Muggeridge, bigger, more varied pic­ selection of art works to be illustrated of cow "Number 25" who died, along with tures in Buechner. But both books are is admirable. Any one who is interested John S. Workman's fine words beginning, "She is a symbol, not of failure, but-strangely-of fine to own (if you are worried about in his important aspect of Christian life success" on page 21. the price see Muggeridge on Mary and will want to own this book. (It is a pity In a sermon on perseverance, I related Martha) and both texts are worth read­ that the cost of book production makes Bishop Mathews' account of Elizabeth Ann ing. I prefer The Faces of Jesus. And I the price so high for many people, al­ Seton on page 9: "Her life was full of trag­ like its ending too: "What words do we though it is certainly not out of line. ) edy" and "she was plagued with personal dis­ face him with? Maybe the best are the This book displays such a variety of appointment and adversity ..." Yet she did lltt ' words the Bible ends with: 'Come Lord Asian Christian art that perhaps we can not die at 46 a suicide, but a saint! Also of wto Jesus.' The unbeliever can say them now stop treating it as a curiosity and future use will be the story behind the two !hat along with the believer. Why not? Or words and a page number I have written on explore in greater depth some of the the front : "Tract converted-SO." That's my maybe the best is not words at all but implicit issues still with us. With the quick way to find "Gave-3," "Saints-9," and all these images, that are wordless, homogenization of world cultures being COW 25 died-21." eloquent, tongue-tied, clumsy, joyous, fostered by modem technology and com­ REv. DAVID W . RICHARDSON and grieving cry of centuries. . . . munication, what is Japanese (or Korean Centralia, Missouri And what will his last words be here or American) art? How much do we to us? Let them be a little crazy indeed, get a common vision with exotic touches GRATEFUL IN JAPAN and all who follow him are too. Let them and how much do we experience a true "We continue to be grateful for the open be the words to the hymn that accord­ cultural incarnation? Is there a conflict and courageous reporting that we find in the New World Outlook as it reaches us from ing to the apocryphal Acts of John he between good art and piety? These are an month to month (even if a month late) . Ta sang to his disciples at their last meal. only some of the questions Christians "Recently the article on "People Power in And ends Thus, my beloved, having and artists need to address themselves Rural Asia" by the Corls (November, 1975) danced with us, the Lord went forth.'' to with more precision. It is one of the dealt effectively with an important develop­ BETTY THOMPSON values of this book that it furthers such ment in this part of the world." Betty Thompson is Associate General thinking. A.J.M. PAUL B . BILLINGS Secretary of the Education and Cultiva­ Aomori-ken, Japan tion Division, BOGM. She edited the NAIROBI 1975, by James W. Kennedy. A HIGH STANDARD popular book, The Healing Fountain. Cincinnati, Ohio, 1976: Forward Move­ "The January, 1976 issue of New World ment Publications; 144 pages, paper­ Outlook is the best to date, and you do main­ CHRISTIAN ART IN ASIA, by Masao back, $1.00. (Order from Service Cen­ tain a consistently high standard for articles Takenaka. Tokyo, 1975; Kyo Bun ter, 7820 Reading Road, Cincinnati, and editorials. "From 'Mission Memo' to "For Kwan, in association with the Chris­ Ohio 45237. Write for special prices for All the Saints" to "Amnesty-an unresolved tian Conference of Asia, 171 pages, multiple copies.) legacy of Vietnam" to "Last Cow Home" $15.00. (May be ordered from Kyo (plus the cover picture) to "James Watson: This handy little primer is subtitled Bun Kyan, Ginza 4, Tokyo 104, Japan, Circuit Rider" to "The Santis of Naples" to "a first hand report of the Fifth Assem­ "The Moving Finger Writes" is to move from or Christian Conference of Asia, 480 bly of the World Council of Churches.'' excellence to excellence with soul stirring Lorong 2, Toa Payoh, Singapore 12.) James W. Kennedy, an Episcopal information and inspiration every page of the The relationship of Christianity to art clergyman and long-time ecumenical way. We are your debtors for such spiritual has always been ambiguous. It is clear enthusiast, is certainly the man who can food seasoned with intellectual spice. "Do it that painting, sculpture, music archi­ write such an account, having been to again!" REV. KENNETH E. HOOVER tecture as well as the literary arts have all five World Council Assemblies and Bullhead City, Arizona made the most powerful and enduring having written popular books on four of statements of faith that we have. While them. This modest subtitle is a bit mis­ A SUGGESTION recognizing this, organized religion has leading, however. Actually this small "I enjoy New World Outlook very much, always had doubts about the orthodoxy book is a report on the Nairobi meet­ and would like to offer the following sug­ of the artist and, because of the power ing, covering (albeit in a summary gestion :-inclusion of an Index, similar to of his work, has always sought to con­ fashion) all that took place there. It is the index in "The Interpreter," November­ trol and restrain him. As society became intended for use with discussion groups December, 1975." increasingly secularized, many of the as well as for individual reading and MRS. JOYCE KAFOURY Millbrae, California bolder artists left the field of "religious has a series of "discussion starter" ques­ art" to their more traditional fellows. tions at the end of each chapter. All of An Index is printed separately and is avail­ This situation has been reversed some­ this is done in crisp, readable, concise able fre e on request; 475 Riverside Drive, what but as art became increasingly ab- style. A.J.M. Room 1328, New York 10027. 44 [ 148) New World Outlook • March 1976 Tiie ,\\tn'iH!I Fi1191er \\'rites 00000000000 ~ 000 PACIFIC CHURCH CONFERENCE HAS " NOTABLE ACHIEVEMENT" The third assembly of the Pacific Con­ ference of Churches closed with an air of achievement and expectancy in Papua, New Guinea after 10 days of an uncertain search for "God's Mission in a Changing Pacific Society." An image of solidarity emerged, marked by a new official collaboration of the region's Roman Catholics and Protestants. The most notable achievement was the acceptance of Roman Catholic churches into membership, an historic action in that regional unity had only been ac­ complished previously by the Caribbean Conference of Churches. Catholics entered through the Epis­ copal Conference of Bishops of the Pa­ cific ( CEPAC), an association of 10 dioceses and 12 bishops- the dioceses of Suva, Samoa, Tarawa, Marquesas Island, Cook Islands, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna, New Hebrides, Tonga and Tahiti. The Rev. Sione 'A Havea of Tonga, a Methodist and a participant throughout the 15-year history of the PCC, con­ fessed the getting together of the Churches of the Pacific was "something I never dreamed would happen in my lifetime." Bishop Patelisio P. Finau of the Cath­ olic Diocese of Tonga called it "a great achievement . .. we Christians have been working in isolation too long even with­ in the same countries." He commended the "atmosphere of trust" that grew dur­ ing the Waigani assembly, dissipating many long-held fears of Roman Catholic domination. Unity was discerned in many quarters. RNS Photo by Roy S. Smyres French-speaking churches were guar­ anteed a bi-lingual member of staff of PACIFIC CONFERENCE OF CHURCHES ASSEMBLY the secretariat, further assured by the In top photo, the Hon. Masiofo Fetaui Mata'afa of W estern Samoa, chairman, leads a election of John Doom of French Poly­ prayer at the opening session of the Third Assembly of the Pacific Conference of nesia as general secretary-designate to Churches in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Mrs. Mata'afa is a member of West­ ern Samoa's Parliament and the widow of the late Prime Minister, who died in 1975. succeed the present general secretary in Below, the ·Governor General of newly independent Papua New Guinea, Sir John the event of retirement during the next Guise (left), chats with the Rev. Posenai Li M usu of W estern Samoa, general secre- five years. tary of PCC. Laity, especially women, pressed for The Pacific Conference of Churches assembly brought together representatives of 17 greater participation in the decision­ different member Church groups from 14 countries, covering an area from Tahiti to making bodies of the churches. The as­ Papua New Guinea and from Micronesia to New Caledonia. There were also repre­ sembly itself witnessed a greater shared sentatives of PCC program units and observers from non-member groups. This year leadership in that only half of the 50 organizations containing Roman Catholics we n~ accepted into fu ll membership. New World Outlook • Ma rch 1976 [ 149] 45 delegate were clergy and altogether PCC membership is now simply open 800 million illiterates in the world-an half of the lay representatives were to all Churches, national councils of increase of 65 mi11ion since 1965. won1en. church s and ecumenical organizations The "experimental world literacy pro­ The Re . King ley Gege o, executive in the Pacific which "accept the basis gram" launched by the United Nations ecretar of the 1elanesian Council of and functions of the PCC." Sharing of Educational, Scientific and Cultural Or­ Churche of Papua New Guinea, one resource with the wee was not al­ ganization (UNESCO) 10 years ago of 50 observers at the assembly, humor­ tered, and a consultation on priorities reached . only 1 mi11ion illiterates-not all ou I reflected on the potential power for continued project funding fo1lowed a11 of whom were taught to read and and of Chri tian unity when he told dele­ at Popondetta. write. gates he like to remind Prime Minister Commenting on the state of the PCC, It is reported that the project was by Michael Somare that he represents one the newly-elected chairman, Bishop hampered by a variety of problems. Chi and three-quarter people. Jabez Bryce of the Anglican Diocese of Among them were "bureaucratic tan­ The Rev. Paula Niukula of Fiji ad­ Polynesia, said, "We are like the gov­ gles," transportation problems in out­ vised, "If we ha e a strong solidarity, ernments of our countries. We are taking l)ring areas, and linguistic problems we will not need to worry about a new up the reins of the Churches for the first when various languages or dialects are coloniali m of the churches." Observing time, and the directions are not yet clear. used in a country. that the pre ent trends of internationali­ The Churches have to re-examine why UNESCO described progress in the zation of mission are along denomina­ they exist." literacy programs in 11 countries: Al­ tional lines, he stressed the importance The coming together of leaders lifted geria, Mali, Madegascar, Sudan, Ethi­ "critical awareness of what we can do of building Pacific unity before "denom­ opia, Tanzania and Guinea in Africa, tiOI inational links are hardened." in our own counb·ies to develop our own Ecuador in Latin America, and India, I resources," according to the Rev. Baiteki t the same time the assembly nulli­ Iran and Syria in Asia. the Nabetari, theological co11 ege principal fied a 10-year-old identification with the According to the report, none of the the World Council of Churches by elimi­ in the Gilbert Islands and a "youth" ob­ an server. countries spent aJI of the money allo­ nating a constitutional provision for cated to them to fight i11iteracy. Only thi membership which suggested that re­ Mrs. Kila Amina, general secretary of to the national YWCA of Papua, New 62 per cent of the planned government lationship to the world body was de­ expenditure was used in Ecuador, and ex. sirable. Guinea, appreciated sharing problems of social injustice with the people involved Jess than one-third used in India, the in particular sih1ations, noting that it report said, adding that some govern­ Hand-colored photogr>lph ments "lacked the will" to promote the of your church or any was not until she met a New Heb1idean scene on pretty lO 'A. -inch at the International Women's Year meet­ program. gold-rim plates. Orders filled for one dozen or ing in Mexico City that she became fu11y Dropout rates were found to be high more plates. Also church note paper in quantity. aware of New Hebrideans' lack of citi­ in most of the countries. In Iran, only W rite f or free informa­ tion. DEJ"T. WO zenship privileges. 35 per cent took final examinations, ac­ FERRELL'S ART WARE Father Patrick Murphy of the Catholic cording to one analysis. Appomattox. Virginia 24522 Bishops Conference in PNC was named coordinator of the Church and Society DISCIPLESHIP BOARD OFFERS Program with Mrs. Amini as chairman GUIDELINES ON CHARISMATICS for the next five years in a move to A preliminary draft of a document new world outlook strengthen its objectives. with 41 guidelines for handling charis­ A comprehensive annual INDEX is available, without charge, by writing to: The membership application of Cath­ matics in the United Methodist Church olic Conference was accepted after has been prepared by the Division of New World Outlook 475 Riverside Drive being deferred at the Suva assembly. At Evangelism, Worship and Stewardship Room 1328 the same time-and for the first time­ New York, New York 10027 of the Board of Discipleship. two national councils of churches were It is to be approved by the board's Please request the number of copies you can use, and whether you would like to be received into membership, both includ­ executive committee and then forwarded put on the mailing list to receive the INDEX ing Roman Catholics. These are the regularly. to the General Council on Ministries for Solomon Islands Christian Association presentation to the General Council on and the Fe11owship of Christian presentation to the General Conference Churches in Samoa. The Church of AROUND THE WORLD TOURS in April. Christ of the New Hebrides was also ac­ "In a Biblical sense that is no such Return by cepted, bringing the total n 1mber of person as a non-charismatic Christian," HOLY LAND OR RUSSIA bodies in the PCC to 21. the document says, "since 'charismata' 26th annua l world tour, complete sight­ BY Roxy CooP seeing, Confere nces with Heads of State, refers to the gracious gifts of God be­ Ambassadors, Editors, Missionaries and 0 Mrs. Coop and her husband (William L.), stowed on all Christians to equip them peasants. 13 exotic countries of As ia and United Presbyterian missionaries, are coordi­ for ministry." eastern Europe-see the HOLY LAND, nators of an in-service training program for Although the guidelines acknowledge Hawaii, Republ ic of China, Japan, Hong leadershi.p development among Christian edu­ Kong, Thaila nd, India, Nepal, Greece, cators in the South Pacific. that speaking in tongues has often been Austria and Hungary, etc. Optional re­ associated with charismatic practice, turn via Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and they report that "most persons wit~in RUSSIA. Jul y 8th departure. 5 wonde rful ILLITERACY ON THE INCREASE: weeks. Write for brochure . 800 MILLION CAN NOT READ the charismatic movement recogmze BRYAN WORLD TOURS Despite efforts by UNESCO to eradi­ the importance of all the 'gifts of the 1880-D-Gage Blvd., Topeka, Kansas 66604 cate world illiteracy, the organization's Spirit.'" . latest report reveals that there are now Of the 41 guidelines, the fo11owmg 46 [150] New World Outlook • March 1976 . six are addressed to all United Meth- Two background documents are in­ odists: cluded with the guidelines-a paper on -Be open and accepting of those the charismatic renewal by Dr. Robert whose Christian experiences differ from G. Tuttle, a charismatic scholar in Pasa­ your own. dena, Calif., and a paper describing the -Continually undergird and envelop sociocultural aspects of the movement all discussions, conferences, meetings, by the Rev. Ross Whetstone, staff head and persons in prayer. of the Section on Evangelism. Only the -Be open to new ways in which God guidelines themselves will be voted on by His Spirit may be speaking to the at the General Conference, however. Church. The Rev. W. Kenneth Pyles of Hunt­ -Seek the gifts of the Spirit which ington, W. Va., raised strenuous object­ enrich your life and you for ministry. tions to the documents when they were - Recognize that even though spirit­ presented to the executive committee of ual gifts may be abused, this does not the Board of Discipleship. "I think the mean that they should be prohibited. whole (guidelines ) paper is a futile - Remember that like other new attempt to institutionalize a movement movements in church history, the charis­ which is extra-institutional," he said. matic movement has a valid contribu­ In adition, Mr. Pyles warned that tion to the ecumenical Church. placing a great emphasis on a small In discussing criteria for determining portion of the New Testament is a the value of the charismatic movement, "dangerous he1:esy which we should not the guidelines say, "If the consequence open the United Methodist to. We as and quality of a reported encounter of United Methodists have a doctrine of the the Holy Spirit be manifestly conducive Holy Spirit. We don't need a new one." ( RNS Photo) to division, self-righteousness, hostility, Mr. Whetstone, who described him­ exaggerated claims of knowledge and self as charismatic in the "broadest sense QUAKE ROCKS GUATEMALA, THOUSANDS KILLED power, then the experience is subject to of that term," commented, "We must serious question." ·accept the fact that we are one in Christ A boy stands near his mother and brother However, the document continues, while we recognized that the Spirit in the rubble of what was once their home works differently in each of our lives." top (photo) and an elderly woman and a "when the experience clearly results in group of children are a picture of despair new dimensions of faith, joy, and bless­ If the guidelines document is ap­ as they sit on a street in Guatemala City. ings to others, we must conclude that proved by General Conference, it will The Central American country was struck this is 'what the Lord hath done' and become the official United Methodist by a major earthquake and relief workers offer Him our praise." position paper on the charismatic move­ fear that more than 3,000 people may have For pastors who have had charismatic ment. been killed. experiences, the guidelines advise that (RNS ) they "avoid the temptation to force your personal views and experiences on relief agency of National Council of others." GUATEMALAN RELI E'F EFFORT Churches, issued an emergency appeal Pastors who have not had charismatic STRESSES LONG TE RM HELP for $100,000 for Guatemala on Feb, 4, experiences are urged to "examine your The relief agency of the United Meth­ and UMCOR released $10,000 fo r the understanding of the doctrine and ex­ odist church began responding directly purchase of blankets. The major Prot­ perience of the Holy Spirit in others and through ecumenical channels to the estant churches of Guatemala formed a that you communicate this with clarity." needs of victims within hours after a joint agency to respond to the disaster. Lay persons who have had charis­ massive earthquake devastated Guate­ Dr. Haines stressed the importance matic experiences are encouraged to mala on Feb. 4. of the long-term rehabilitation work for "remember t,o combine with your en­ An assessment team was organized the Guatemalan victims. The usual pat­ thusiasm a thorough knowledge of and from a two-year-old earthquake recon­ tern in such disasters, he explained, is adherence to the United Methodist struction program in Nicaragua, a that there is a massive but short-term form of church government." United Methodist Committee on Relief world response to emergency needs. For lay persons who have not had ( UMCOR) flood reclamation program "In Nicaragua, for example, three months ~uch experiences, the guidelines advise, in Honduras also was asked to help and after the earthquake decimated the two other UMCOR programs already op­ Pray that God may make known to you whole city, there were only two agen­ erating in Guatemala were alerted. your own place in renewal." cies left. We are still there two years One of the guidelines for church ad­ "We didn't have to wait while we as­ sembled an American team." explained later." ministrators says, "If there is divisive­ One possibility fo r future UMCOR ness involved in a particular situation, J. Harry Haines, UMCOR executive. help in Guatemala, he said, is the con­ make as careful an evaluation as possi­ "We had people on the spot." struction of earthquake proof Stack­ ble, remembering that there are other The earthquake, measuring 7.5 on kinds of issues which may divide our the Richter scale, had its epicenter 30 Sack housing, which UMCOR de­ fellowship. Sometimes tensions and con­ miles outside Guatemala City. Estimates veloped, but the assessment of actual flicts may result in the edification and of the death toll ranged as high as need will take some time, and will also greater purity of the Church, and need 17,000, and the number of homeless vic­ depend on what the Guatemalan govern­ therefore to be wisely and prayerfully tims were expected to reach 100,000. ment and churches will allow or sup­ handled by all concerned." Church World Service, the ecumenical port. New World Outlook • March 1976 [ 151 ] 47 WOMEN'S ORDINATION VOTE eral Convention's authority and we will Protestant behavior. "I spent a good bit WILL BE PAIN EITHER WAY have de facto schism." of my time trying to calm down hot­ No matter what the Episcopal Church If the meeting votes yes, he added, headed Anglo-Catholic clergy," he General Convention decides on the or­ "Episcopalians who cannot in good con­ added, "telling them that the Church is dination of women, pain and discord are science remain will establish another not going to be de-catholicized over­ inescapable. Christian group or go into another one. night, if at all, by such a decision." An opponent and a supporter of wom­ and we'll be in a real mess. Canon Osborn said that if the General en priests agreed at least on that de­ "I wish to heaven we could avoid Convention makes the ordination of fe­ velopment at a symposium held in pain," he added, "but we've reached the male priests "permissive rather than Kingsport, Tennessee for east Tennessee point where we can't." mandatory,'' the result would be "dio­ Episcopalians. An opponent of the ordination of wom­ cesan ordination" rather than "universal The Rev. David H. Fisher, who en priests, Canon Charles H. Osborn, reco~,nition of the validity of holy or­ ders. teaches dogmatic theology at the Uni­ resigned executive director of the Amer­ He said a "no" vote by the convention versity of the South, Sewanee, Tenn., ican Church Union, agreed that there "which certain proponents expect and said a General Convention vote against will be pain, but he said "abandoning actually want" would mean "diocesan women's ordination "will weaken Gen- the Church in time of crisis is distinctly congregationalism at its worst." A deacon who addressed the gathering talked about the "pain and bewilder­ ment" she said is shared by most of the . ! more than 120 female deacons who "have chosen to wait" and not seek or­ Their dination as priests before a General Con­ tomorrow vention decision. Deacon Gwent Buehrens of Knoxville, depends said, "We are not just on an ego trip. It is quite the contrary: a very humb­ on you ling experience. I have felt called to holy orders after much prayer and soul­ searching." Canon Osborn stressed that a call to the priesthood "is not a subjective ex­ perience but God's call to the individual through the Church." He said the "priest ... at the altar is the symbol of Christ the bridegroom. To maintain that his maleness is irrelevant, that the 'job' could be done as well by a woman, is to deny the centrality of the man-woman tension Hundreds of boys and girls found in the Christ-Mary relation-the in Calcutta, India, attend type of the Christ-Church relation." school only through United Methodist sc holarships. Father Fisher disagreed: "If all of us Lee Memorial Mission offers a home for orphans, and rrimary have within ourselves both masculine and high school training. Calcutta Girl's High Schoo serves and femiline elements, then the insist­ 1200 girls of several languages and cultures, many of them re­ ence on only male priests . . . confuses quiring scholarship aid . Lee-Collins Boys' Home provides train­ musculinity, which all persons ha e, ing for more than 100 boys from an overcrowded refugee sec­ with maleness (and ) denies Jesus' full tion of the city. humanity. Your gift to the United Methodist Child Support program of "If we believe that Jesus was fully the World Division can help these young people prepare for human," he added, "the admi sion of tomorrow. women to the priesthood would strength­ en this confession." He also spoke of the "incompl teness of a notion of God in which element of both human sexes are not pre ent." "If we are to believe that Je u ' as fully divine," Father Fisher said, "then the fullne s of God would be better represented by a pri sthood in which both sexes had roles."

ABORTION RIGHTS COALITION ADOPTS $200,000 BUDCET The Religious Coalition for bortion Rights has budgeted $200,000 for it drive to prevent any change in the

48 [ 152] New World Outlook • Much 1976 "But we all agree that there should of Church World Service, received a be no constitutional amendment (to record $6.8 million in 1975-a 35 per turn the 1973 decisions) , that there are cent increase over the 1974 total. circumstances under which abortion is According to a report for the national a legitimate medical act, and that it CROP office in Elkhart, Indiana, $5.3 should not be under the criminal code," million of the 1975 total will be used to he said. combat hunger and $1.4 million to pro­ The coalition says the Roman Catholic vide clothing. Church World Service bishops are attempting to impose a par­ ( CWS) is the relief and development ticular religious view on everyone. arm of the National Council of Churches. Bishop Armstrong said the coalition is Hungry people in 47 countries re­ different because "we're trying to pre­ ceived food and agricultural supplies serve the constitution. They're not." provided in 1975 by CROP to CWS. Bishop Armstrong said it is a "tragedy The largest single amount of aid was . . . that all this money will be spent" sent to India, which received more than on the abortion debate "when we have $1 million woi-th of CROP wheat and ( RNS Photo) world hunger and domestic crises to corn. worry about." Kansas, Nebraska and Iowa and other PETITION CALLS FOR midwestern states conducted drives to STRICT ABORTION LAWS He said it is a "setback to ecumenical collect grain. Kansas led the states with LONDON-American actress Mia Farrow relations" that so me anti-abortionists poses with petitions calling for stricter ab­ "are branding other persons of good con­ a record gift of $605,128. ortion laws outside the House of Commons science as 'murderers.'" Large gains were shown in the eastern in London before presenting them to mem­ part of the U.S., where three new CROP bers of Parliament. The petitions, signed " CROP" REPORTS regional offices have been opened in by 425,418 women aged 16 and over, were RECORD INCOME the last two years. People of all ages in obtained in a drive organized by the So­ CROP, the community hunger appeal U.S. cities and suburbs participated in ciety for the Protection of Unborn Chil­ dren. Miss Farro w, wife of London Phil­ harmonic conductor Andre Previn, said of her role in the drive, "I have never befor e involved myself in British politics, but this HUNGER is not politics-it is quite simply a matter of life and death." HURTS United States abortion status quo. United Methodist Bishop Jaqles Arm­ strong, president of the U.M . Church HELP Board of Church and Society, and an RCAR sponsor, said the group also HEAL hopes to raise another $100,000. Bishop Armstrong said the RCAR ef­ fort is a reaction to the decision by the y _ At \east U.S. Roman Catholic bishops last No­ New Y?r.k, N~f the world's 4 vember to make overturning the 1973 460 m1\hon e starving . . . eople ar d U.S. Supreme Court abortion decision a b1\\1 on P pu\ation an top priority. Drou gh t ~ overpo ntributed to Except for some permissible state failures co . crop . . g situation · · · medical standards, the decisions affirm thi cont1nu1n the unrestricted right of women to abor­ tions through the first two-thirds of pregnancy. Membership in RCAR is held by 23 Daily our attention is called to the plight of the world's hungry. organizations including Jewish con­ Stories and pictures tell of the suffering caused by starvation , pop­ servative and Reform agencies, Hu­ ulation pressure and human injustice. Your One Great Hour of manist, Unitarian-Universalist, United Sharing gift will help the United Methodist Committee on Relief res­ Presbyterian, United Church of Christ, pond to the people's physical needs - and help them renew their American Baptist, Presbyterian Church lives. Help give the hungry new hope. in the U.S., United Methodist, Church of the Brethren traditions. Also mem­ For further information bers are the Young Women's Christian or promotional materials write: Association and Catholics for a Free Choice. United Methodist Communications Bishop Armstrong says the views of 1200 Davis St. , Evanston, Ill. 60201 the members of the coalition on abortion range from total permissiveness to abor­ ONE GREAT HOUR OF SHARING o MARCH 28, 1976 tion only in the rarest cases. New World Outlook • March 1976 [153] 49 walks fa ts and other events to help In 1958, after a stepped-up govern­ rai e the 1975 hunger income. About 25 ment campaign against him, he was percent of the income came from areas again removed from office. Though he where CROP was relatively unknown had not made anti-Communist state­ five years ago. ments, it was charged that he failed to make declarations "which could have HUNGARIAN CHURCHMAN IS 75; helped the better understanding of the WAS JAILED BY COMMUNISTS achievements of the socialist world." Bishop Lajos Ordass of the Mag­ Since his forced retirement, he has yarorszagi Evangelikus Egyhas (Luther­ suffered several heart attacks. He has an Church in Hungary), who was forced spent some of this time translating Scan­ from office following the failure of the dinavian church works into Hungarian. 1956 revolution to end Communist domi­ (RNS ) nation of his country, celebrated his 75th birthday on February 6. He has McCORD: COD IS NOT A "COSMIC WEATHERCOCK" lived in retirement in a small Budapest Dr. James L. McCord, president of apartment sfoce government pressure Princeton Theological Seminary, has forced him out as head of the LCH in critized Christians who make God a 1958. "cosmic weathercock" in their interpre­ When he became a bishop in 1945, ( RNS Photo) tations of Bible prophecy. 21 years after his ordination as a pastor, He discussed Apocalyptic images of Hungary lay devastated by World War BISHOP ORDASS the future promulgated by religious and II. More than 60 per cent of Lutheran secular scholars in an address at a con­ church buildings were more or less de­ year-old bishop, "my Savior called me and took me in His two strong arms. He ference here on the over-all theme of stroyed. Religious activities were severe­ "Theology for Today." ly restricted. led me through a burning flame and According to Dr. McCord, the the­ With zeal, Bishop Ordass carried out showed me the beginning of a new life. ology of the future "is trying to intro­ a visitation program over the next years, "I knew then that if nothing is con­ duce a new dynamic to history that will including even widely scattered diaspora stant in this world, God is unchanged; :remind us afresh that the end of the congregations. With overseas help and and to Him that which was sin yesterday Christian evangel is the transformation Hungarian self-sacrifice, an extensive remains sin today and that which was of the whole of this order." reconstruction program was carried out. holy yesterday remains holy today." He asserted that in the Bible, the End In 1947, the bishop headed his dele­ At its 1952 assembly in Hanover, the is never presented as a date, but rather Lutheran World Federation elected him gation to the founding assembly of the a fulfillment. "The End is 'telos,' mean­ Lutheran World Federation, where he an honorary member of the LWF execu­ ing God's completed purpose." was elected vice-president. tive committee, a post he has held ever "The God of the Bible is not a sort since. All six members of the Hungarian A year later, Hungarian Communists of cosmic weathercock. He isn't up there delegation remained seated when a ris­ took full control of the country and flipping the pages of the divine calendar ing vote was called on his nomination. launched a major campaign against "re­ while the show runs down. He is not an In 1957 in Minneapolis, at the LWF's actionary elements," including the observer. He is active in human affairs." churches. third assembly, Bishop Ordass preached Criticizing some contemporary efforts at the opening service of Holy Com­ The campaign included an attack on of meeting and coping with the future, munion. church schools, which accounted for 60 the seminary president maintained that Tall, gaunt, white-haired, he called per cent of the elementary and secon­ "what we see is not human personality dary schools before World War II. himself an "aging disciple of Christ ... freed, but human nature homogenized. (who) would give a personal testimony Bishop Ordass was among the few This is our last chance to become indi­ to his Lord and Savior." who defied the state on church-school viduals before we become numbers. And confiscation. For this he was imprisoned, He spoke quietly, in halting tones, his of all the people today, the Christian English uneven and heavily accented. as well as for "willing failure to report has the greatest possibility for living in­ More than 10,000 persons were in the an outstanding debt in a foreign coun­ to the future, not backing into it." try" (relief funds received from the Minneapolis Municipal Auditorium. An­ In Dr. McCord's view, "we are the United States). other 8,000 listened on public address most analyzed generation in history, but systems in four nearby places. He spoke Sentenced to two years in prison in we are the least able to cope. Yet we of himself in the third person: 1948, he served 20 months, five in soli­ don't ask whether something is right or tary confinement. "He would like to say how many times wrong, we ask how does it feel." , In 1956, shortly before the Hungarian in his life he has experienced the for­ He held that "the greatest myth we ve uprising, both state and church courts giving grace of Jesus Christ. produced in the 20th Century is the declared Bishop Ordass innocent of the "And he would like to say that when 'modern man.' Theologians have been earlier charges. He was restored to pri­ he was in bondage in the most literal writing about him for a good half cen­ macy of the Lutheran Church in Hun­ sense of the word, Christ gave him royal tury-this highly intelligent, secular per­ gary on Reformation Day, October 31. freedom. And what a joy it was to be son who today only uses language When he preached his first sermon fol­ able to experience this freedom. verified by his senses." Dr. McCord said lowing his "state rehabilitation," 1,200 "And he would like to say how sweet that in contrast, he was convinced "that flocked to a 400-seat church to hear him. were the fruits of Christian unity in his his 'modern man' is just as much a man "When everybody deserted me and life, especially in times when the world of faith as medieval man wa . We have I shook with fear," said the them 55- offered to him only bitterness." the same capacity for faith and belief." 50 (154) New World Outlook • Much 1976 Attractive, Convenient Protection

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