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The Foraminiferal Genus 1 Orbitolina in North America ~

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The Foraminiferal Genus 1 Orbitolina in North America ~ ~ The Foraminiferal Genus 1 Orbitolina in North America ~ ......0 ~ h <::1.) p. ~ oo GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 333 ~ ~ •...-t bJ:) 0 ......... 0 <::1.) cz; I I . ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Cd 0z The Foraminiferal Genus· Orbitolina in North· America By RAYMOND C. DOUGLASS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 333 A study of the genus Orbitolina, its type species, morphology, and stratigraphic and geographic distribution in North America UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRED A. SEATON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office \Vashington 25, D.C. - Price $1.50 (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Page. Abstract __________________________________________ _ Living habit and its influence on the test_ ________ _ 23 Introduction ______________________________________ _ Glossary of special terms, with a synonymy of terms used Background and purpose _______________________ _ 1 by other authors _________________________________ _ 23 Scope ________________________________________ _ 2 Methods of study __________________________________ _ 24 Previous studies _______________________________ _ 2 Collection of samples ___________________________ _ 24 Acknowledgments ______________________________ _ 3 Handling of samples ________________ ~~ _________ _ 25 Areal distribution of the Lower Cretaceous Rocks in Texas, Preparation of samples _____ .:. ___________________ _ 25 New Mexico, and Arizona ____________________ _ :1 Samples with soft matrix ___________________ _ 25 Eastern shelf deposits __________________________ _ 4 Samples with hard matrix ___________________ _ 26 Area of rapid subsidence in west Texas ___________ _ 4 Observations on whole specimens __ ---_-_-_-_----- 26 Stratigraphic sections in Arizona and New Mexico __ 5 Etching ______________________________________ _ 26 Distribution of Orbitolina ___________________________ _ 6 Observations in thin section _____________________ _ 26 Locality data ______________________________________ _ 7 Recording of data __________ - _ -_ - ----- ------ -- -- - 27 France~--------------------------------------- 7 Use of statistical aids _______ .. _____ -_------------- 27 Texas ________________________________________ _ 7 Preparation of illustrations ___________ --_-_------- 27 New Mexico __________________________________ _ l1 Systematic descriptions ___________ -_----------------- 27 Arizona-----------------------------------~---- 12 The type species of Orbitolina __________ -- _------- 28 Miscelleneous occurrences ______________________ _ 13 Artificial key to the species of Orbitolina described Morphology of Orbitolina ___________________________ _ 14 in this report_ _____________ ------ --- --- -- - --- - 29 Early concepts and methods of description ________ _ 14 Orbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach) ______ - ___ - 30 External characters ____________________________ _ 14 Orbitolina concava (Lamarck) __ --------------- 32 Orientation and terminology of thin sections ______ _ 15 Orbitolina texana (Roemer) __________________ _ 34 Internal c!l.aracters _____________________________ _ 15 Orbitolina minuta Douglass, n. sp ____________ _ 36 General character of the three zones __________ _ 15 Orbitolina parva Douglass, n. sp __________ ----- 39 Details of the marginal zone ________________ _ 17 Orbitolina oculata Douglass, n. sp ______ - _----- 39 Details of the radial zone ___________________ _ 18 Orbitolina pervia Douglass, n. sp _____________ _ 41 Details of the central complex _______________ _ 20 Orbitolina gracilis Douglass, n. sp- ------------ 42 The embryonic ap;>aratus ___________________ _ 21 Orbitolina crassa Douglass, n. sp ~ _------------ 43 Dimorphism ______________________________ _ 22 Orbitolina grossa Douglass, n. sp _____________ _ 44 Building materials _________________________ _ 22 Annotated bibliography __________________ -_--------- 45 Calcite· eyes _______________________________ _ 23 Index ____________________________________________ _ 51 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates 1-14 follow Index] PLATE 1. Orbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach). 2. Orbitolina concava (Lamarck). 3. Orbitolina concava (Lamarck). 4. Orbitolina texana (Roemer). 5. Orbitolina texana (Roemer). 6. Orbitolina texana (Roemer). 7. Orbitolina minuta Douglass, n. sp. 8. Orbitolina minuta Douglass, n. sp. 9. Orbitolina parva Douglass, n. sp. 10. Orbitolina oculata Douglass, n. sp. 11. Orbitolina pervia Douglass, n. sp. 12. Orbitolina gracilis Douglass, n. sp. 13. Orbitolina crassa Douglass, n. sp. 14. Orbitolina grossa Douglass, n. sp. 15. Stratigraphic sections in Brewster County and central Texas ____________________________________________ In pocket 16. Stratigraphic sections in western Texas __ .. _________________________________________________________ -- In pocket. 17. Stratigraphic sections in Ari'zona and New Mexico _____________________________________________________ In pocket III IV CONTENTS Page . ' FIGURE 1. General position of the me11sured stratigraphic sections in relation to the edge of the Trinity sea _____________ _ 3 2. Approximate correlation of the Lower Cretaceous forma.tions in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona and total known ranges for the species of 'Orbitoltna .described from these beds ____________________________________ _ 6 3. Index to localities in Travis County, Tex_. _____________________________________________________________ _ 8 4. Index to localities in Blanco and Burnet Counties, Tex _________________________________________________ _ 9 5. Index to localities in Bosque and Somervell Counties, Tex ______________________________________________ _ 10 6. Index to localities in Hays County,· Tex._. ___________ ~ _________________________________________________ _ 11 7. Index to localities in Co mal County, Tex _____________________________________________________________ _ 12 8. Index to localities in Kendall County~ Tex ____________________________________________________________ _ 13 9. Index to localities in Bandera County, Tex_ ___ ·. _______________________________________________________ _ 14 10. Index to localities in Brewster County, Tex ___________________________________________________________ _ 15 1~. Index to localities in Presidio County, Trx ____________________________________________________________ _ 16 12'. Index to localities· in Hudspeth Count:yj .-Tex _____________ -: ____________________________________________ _ 17 13. Index to localities in N e~' Mexico ____________________________________________________________________ _ 18 14. Index to localities in A-rizona ________________________________________________________________________ _ 18 15. Reconstruction of Oroitolina _________________________________________________________________________ _ 19 16. Reconstruction of a part of the radial zone ____________________________________________________________ _ 19 17. Variation in shape of Orbitolina ______ ~ _______________________________________________________________ _ 20 18. 20 19. :~~~;~~ f~: ::~u;;nJr~~:z~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 20 20. Thin-section terminology ____________ ~' ______________________________________________________________ _ 20 21. Development of annular chambers in some Orbitolinas _________________________________________________ _ 20 22. The dorsal surface formed by the recurved edges of the septa ___________________________________________ _ 20 23. Subdivisions of the marginal zone ____________________________________________________________________ _ 20 24. The megalospheric embryonic apparatus _____________________________. _________________________________ _ 21 25. Microspheric apex _________________________________________________________________________________ _ 21 26. Diag~am of various types of life cycles exhibited by the Foraminifera_~ ____ ._ ______________________________ _ 22 27. Multiple sectioning of specimens of Orbitolina ~ ______________________ ._ _________________________________ _ 25 28. Typical data form ______ ~ ___________________________________ -. ______________________________________ _ 28 29. Geographic distribution of Orbitolina _________________________________________ .________________________ _ 29 30. Comparison of some species of Orbitolina ___ -' __________________________________________________________ _ 30 31. Dimensions of Orbitolina concava _____________________________________________________________________ _ 32 32. Comparison of Orbitolina texan~, 0. minuta, and 0. parva ______________________ ·_________________________ _ 38 TABLE Page TABLE 1. Summary data for Orbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach) ________________ ,.. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 2. Summary data for Orbitolina concava (Lamarack)_________________________________________________________ 32 3. Summary data for Orbitolina texana (Roemer)----,-------------------------------------------·------------- 35 4. Summary data for Orbitolina mimda Douglass, n.l?P------------------------------------------------------ 37 5. Summary data for Orbitolina parva Douglass, n. sp-' _________________________________________ ·_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 6. Summary data for Orbitolina owlata Douglass, n. sp~----------------------------------------------------- 40 7. Summa~y data for Orbitolina gracilis Douglass, n. sp __________ :_____________________________________________
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