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JOIN Us : https://targetupsc.in/ 8830115524 Indian Polity .. Mission Karmayogi ● Its a National Programme Civil Services Capacity Building ● The programme will enhance the Indian culture values and sensibilities among the civil servants. ● It is aimed at building a future-ready civil service with the right attitude, skills and knowledge, aligned to the vision of New India. ● iGOT is Integrated Government Online Training platform. ● The main principles of the programme are as follows ● To emphasize on on-site learning ● To support transition from “rules based” to “roles based” human resource management ● To create an ecosystem of shared training infrastructure ● To calibrate civil service positions Sub-categorisation of OBCs ● A commission headed by Justice (Retd.) G Rohini JOIN Us : https://targetupsc.in/ 8830115524 ● OBCs are granted 27% reservation in jobs and education under the central government but only a few affluent communities among the over 2,600 included in the Central List of OBCs have secured a major part of this. ● Sub-categorisation or creating categories within OBCs for reservation would ensure “equitable distribution” of representation among all OBC communities. No Question Hour and Zero Hour & Private member bill ● Suspension of the Question Hour and curtail Zero Hour due to Covid-19 pandemic. ● they were suspended during national emergencies Question Hour ● The first hour of every parliamentary sitting ● in the Rajya Sabha from 11 am to 12 noon. ● During this one hour, Members of Parliament (MPs) ask questions to ministers and hold them accountable for the functioning of their ministries. ● The questions can also be asked to the private members (MPs who are not ministers). ● regulated according to parliamentary rules three typesof Questions: ● Starred question (distinguished by an asterisk)- this requires an oral answer and hence supplementary questions can follow. ● Unstarred question- this requires a written answer and hence, supplementary questions cannot follow. ● Short notice question is one that is asked by giving a notice of less than ten days. It is answered orally. Zero Hour: ● Zero Hour is an Indian parliamentary innovation. It is not mentioned in the parliamentary rules book. ● Under this, MPs can raise matters without any prior notice. ● The zero hour starts immediately after the question hour and lasts until the agenda for the day (i.e. regular business of the House) is taken up. Private Member’s Bill ● Any Member of Parliament (MP) who is not a minister is referred to as a private member. ● The purpose of private member’s bill is to draw the government’s attention to what individual MPs see as issues and gaps in the existing legal framework, which require legislative intervention. ● Its introduction in the House requires one month’s notice. ● The government bills can be introduced and discussed on any day, private member’s bills can be introduced and discussed only on Fridays. ● The last time a private member’s bill was passed by both Houses was in 1970. ● It was the Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Bill, 1968. Election in USA: JOIN Us : https://targetupsc.in/ 8830115524 ● In the USA, all elections–federal, state, and local– are directly organised by the governments of individual states. ● Unlike India, there is no Election Commission independent of the government in the USA to conduct elections at the national (federal) level. ● The USA Constitution and laws grant the states wide latitude in how they administer elections, this has resulted in varying rules across the country. Postal Voting in India ● Ballot papers are distributed electronically to electors and are returned to the election officers via post. ● Currently, only the following voters are allowed to cast their votes through postal ballot: ○ Service voters (armed forces, the armed police force of a state and government servants posted abroad), ○ Voters on election duty. ○ Voters above 80 years of age or Persons with Disabilities (PwD). ○ Voters under preventive detention. ● The exception to the above-mentioned category of voters is provided under Section 60 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Hindi, Dogri and Kashmiri to become official languages of J&K ● Before this only Urudu and English were the official language of the state. ● Dogri and Kashmiri were not official language in any of the states in India Article 343 ● The article says that the official language of the union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. ● It also says that the numerals shall be used in international form Eight Schedule ● lists 22 scheduled languages as official languages of the states. ● The states are not mandated to choose their official language from the scheduled languages. ● by 92nd Amendment Act of 2003, which consists of the following 22 languages: ● Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Bodo, Santhali, Maithili and Dogri. ● Of these languages, 14 were initially included in the Constitution. ● Sindhi language was added by the 21st Amendment Act of 1967. ● Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali were included by the 71st Amendment Act of 1992. Constitutional and Legal Provisions for Language: ● Article 29 (Protection of interests of minorities) gives all citizens right to conserve their language and prohibits discrimination on the basis of language. JOIN Us : https://targetupsc.in/ 8830115524 ● Article 120 (Language to be used in Parliament) provides for use of Hindi or English for transactions of parliament but gives the right to members of parliament to express themselves in their mother tongue. ● Part XVII of the Indian Constitution deals with the official languages in Articles 343 to 351. ● Article 350A (Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage) provides that it shall be the endeavour of every State and of every local authority within the State to provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother-tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups. ● Article 351 (Directive for development of the Hindi language) provides that it shall be the duty of the Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language. ● Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009 says that the medium of instruction shall, as far as practicable, be in a child’s mother tongue. Special Marriage Act of 1954 ● The SMA is a law which allows solemnization by way of registration of marriages without going through any religious customs or rituals. ● The prime purpose of the Act was to address Inter-religious marriages and to establish marriage as a secular institution bereft of all religious formalities, which required registration alon “Act of God” and “force majeure” ● This week, attributing the shortfall in GST collections to disruptions due to Covid-19, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said the economy is facing an Act-of-God-like situation. ● an “Act of God” is understood to include only natural unforeseen circumstances, whereas force majeure is wider in its ambit and includes both naturally occurring events and events that occur due to human intervention like War, riots,strike, boycotts. Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha ● Article 93 of the Constitution provides for the election of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker. ● More symbolic of parliamentary democracy than some real authority. ● There is no need to resign from their original party ● Roles and functions: They act as the presiding officer in case of leave or absence caused by death or illness of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. ● It is by convention that position of Deputy Speaker is offered to opposition party in India. ● They hold office until either they cease to be a member of the Lok Sabha or they resign. ● They can be removed from office by a resolution passed in the Lok Sabha by an effective majority ( All the then members ) of its members. Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha ● Elected by the Rajya Sabha itself from amongst its members. JOIN Us : https://targetupsc.in/ 8830115524 ● not subordinate to the Chairman. ● In the Role of the Chairman: ● The Deputy Chairman performs the duties of the Chairman’s office when it is vacant or when the Vice-President acts as President or discharges the functions of the President. ● He also acts as the Chairman when the Chairman is absent from the sitting of the House. ● In both cases, he has all the powers of the Chairman. ● Like the Chairman, the Deputy Chairman, while presiding over the House, cannot vote in the first instance; he can only exercise a casting vote in the case of a tie. ● Removal:Article 90: the Deputy Chairman vacates his office in any of the following three cases: ○ If he ceases to be a member of the Rajya Sabha; ○ If he resigns by writing to the Chairman; and ○ If he is removed by a resolution passed by a majority of all the then members of the Rajya Sabha. Such a resolution can be moved only after giving 14 days’ advance notice. Departmentally-Related Standing Committees’ (DRSC) ● On the recommendation of the Rules Committee of the Lok Sabha, 17 DRSCs were set up in the Parliament in 1993. In 2004, seven added. Total 24 ● Out of 24 , 8 work under the Rajya Sabha and 16 under the Lok Sabha. ● Each standing committee consists of 31 members (21 from Lok Sabha and 10 from Rajya Sabha) ● The members of the Lok Sabha are nominated by the Speaker, just as the members of the Rajya Sabha are nominated by the Chairman from amongst its members ● A minister is not eligible to be nominated as a member of any of the standing committees. ● The term of office is one year from the date of its constitution. Role of Parliamentary Committees Purpose: ● Since Parliament meets only for 70 to 80 days in a year, there is not enough time to discuss every Bill in detail on the floor of the House.