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Transforming Ethiopia Together the United Nations in Ethiopia

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Transforming Ethiopia Together the United Nations in Ethiopia TRANSFORMING ETHIOPIA TOGETHER THE UNITED NATIONS IN EtHIOPIA DELIVERING AS ONE 1 2 TRANSFORMING ETHIOPIA TOGETHER THE UNITED NATIONS IN EtHIOPIA 4 CONTENTS FOREWORD 6 PREFACE 8 ABOUT ETHIOPIA 10 UNITED NATIONS IN ETHIOPIA 12 PILLAR 1. 18 INCLUSIVE GROWTH AND STRucTURAL TRANSFORMATION PILLAR 2. 22 RESILIENCE AND GREEN ECONOMY PILLAR 3. 26 INVESTING IN HUMAN CAPITAL AND EXPANDED AccESS TO QUALITY AND EQUITABLE BASIC SOCIAL SERVICES PILLAR 4. 32 GOOD GOVERNANCE, PARTICIPATION AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT PILLAR 5. 36 EQUALITY AND EMPOWERMENT DELIVERING AS ONE 5 FOREWORD The country, as a founding member of the United Nations, has always enjoyed a rich and evolving partnership with the United Nations system on a vast array of issues, development, peace and security and humanitarian spheres. The UN Country Team (UNCT) in Ethiopia The current United Nations Development remains a reliable partner to our Government. Assistance Framework (UNDAF), which The strong partnership with the UN has played guides the UNCT’s support to our an important role in Ethiopia’s growth and Government through 2020, integrated the transformation efforts, and our achievement national medium term development plan, of the MDGs by 2015. Growth and Transformation Plan II (2016- 2020) and the Sustainable Development The UNCT continues to support Ethiopia Goals (SDGs). Hence, it plays an important in a number of key areas as the country role in the country’s path towards a carbon- seeks to become a carbon-neutral middle- neutral middle-income economy by 2025 income economy by 2025. The UN’s strategic and its achievement of the SDGs by 2030. support over the years, under its harmonised Delivering as One approach, in critical areas The Ethiopian Government looks forward to such as basic services, agriculture, industry, a strengthened partnership with the UNCT governance and climate change and disaster as we build an inclusive, innovative, climate risk management has allowed the country smart and resilient Ethiopia. to continue to build on its unprecedented development gains. Abraham Tekeste (Ph.D) Minister of Finance and Economic Cooperation Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 6 ETHIOPIA HAS OFFICIALLY LAUNCHED THE COMPREHENSIVE REFUGEE RESPONSE FRAMEWORK (CRRF) WHICH REPRESENTS A VEHICLE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLEDGES IT MADE AT THE LEADERS’ SuMMIT ON REFUGEES IN SEPTEMBER 2016 IN NEW YORK. THIS SEEKS TO PROMOTE REFUGEES’ SELF- RELIANCE THROUGH INCLUSION INTO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS. DELIVERING AS ONE 7 PREFACE With a history dating back centuries and a young population eager for an inclusive prosperity, Ethiopia is a country of unique and rich past with a strong promise of a bright future. Ethiopia’s recently launched branding as the Land of Origins is testimony to its commitment to build on its gifts from the past as it builds a better tomorrow. Over the past 15 years, the country has made Ethiopia’s national development plan guiding Enhancing its partnership with all stakeholders socio-economic progress and gains in human the UN’s intervention areas focus on building forms the bedrock of the UN’s engagement development, with the share of the population a climate smart and resilient nation while in Ethiopia as we go forward to achieve the living in poverty decreasing by nearly half. With promoting inclusive and sustainable growth. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In the roll out of the SDGs, including SDG 1 on the coming years the UN is expanding its In addition to these frameworks, the zero poverty that talks about ending poverty partnership with the private sector, civil society Government and the UN in Ethiopia will work in all its forms from everywhere, the country organisations and academia in order to further together to ensure that the country reaps will need to scale up and undertake the kind enrich its support to the Government’s vision a stronger outcome by putting in place a of development that lifts all Ethiopians out of to achieve the SDGs. We are also paying more strong linkage between development and poverty and leaves no one behind. attention to the need to engage with youth humanitarian interventions. This integrated and women, not only as beneficiaries of our Ethiopia’s current momentum has placed it on nexus approach is one that the UN Secretary intervention in Ethiopia but as partners that a path to achieve its ambition of becoming a General is strengthening as a unique can inform our programming and thus enhance lower middle-income status country by 2025. approach for the UN’s work across the globe our results on the ground. To realize this milestone, the country will to enhance development results by building need to tackle its vulnerabilities, particularly the resilience of communities and systems This book offers a glimpse into the work and to climatic and environmental shocks, and towards ending need. priority issues of the United Nations in Ethiopia. strengthen the resilience of families and communities to shocks and stresses. Ahunna Eziakonwa-Onochie United Nations Resident Coordinator, UNDP Resident Representative & United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator 8 THE GOVERNMENT AND THE UN IN ETHIOPIA WILL WORK TOGETHER TO ENSURE THAT THE COUNTRY REAPS A STRONGER OUTCOME BY PUTTING IN PLACE A STRONG LINKAGE BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT AND HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTIONS. DELIVERING AS ONE 9 ABOUT ETHIOPIA Ethiopia has a rich and ancient history and is also the oldest independent nation in Africa. The country has a strong track record of regional and global leadership, being one of the founding members of the African Union as well as the United Nations. Over the years, especially since the epic battle of since become to be referred to as the ‘Capital of Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Adwa in 1896 where the Ethiopian army faced off Africa’ given the presence of the African Union Africa, Ethiopia covers an area an invading European power, the word “Ethiopia” and the African secretariat for the UN, which is of 1,127 million square kilometres has gone from the name of a country to an the UN Economic Commission for Africa. and shares borders with Eritrea, inspiration for freedom for Africans and others Djibouti, Kenya, Somalia, South Ethiopia follows an open door policy for across the globe. Sudan and the Sudan. refugees and is currently one of the leading Today, Ethiopia is home to than 94,352,0001 host countries in the world. It currently hosts making it the second most populous country some 750,000 refugees from Eritrea, Somalia, in Africa, following Nigeria and ahead of Egypt, South Sudan and the Sudan, 57% of whom are which had held that position until recently. children2. Ethiopia’s current constitution came into The country’s topographic features a wide force in 1995 and brought into place a federal and diverse range from the high plateau in the system comprising nine regions (Afar, Amhara, Central Mountains to the valleys of the East Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella, Harari, Oromia, African Rift, with the Danikil Depression in the Somali, Southern Nations Nationalities and north of the country said to be one of the hottest Peoples (SNNP) and Tigray). The capital city is place on Earth in terms of year-round average Addis Abeba (meaning new flower in Amharic) temperatures, and it is also one of the lowest and was founded as a permanent capital in the places on the planet. Standing at 2,355 m (7726 late 19th century by Emperor Menelik II and his ft) above sea level, Addis Abeba is one of the wife Empress Taytu Betul. Addis Ababa has top five highest capitals in the world. 10 ERITREA Red YEMEN Sea SUDAN DJIBOUTI Gulf of Aden ETHIOPIA SOMALIA SOUTH SUDAN SOMALIA KENYA DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT Ethiopia has recorded strong economic growth and social development over the past 15 years. During that period, poverty and under-five mortality rates declined by 47% and 60%, respectively, access to education increased and the gap between girls’ and boys’ school enrolment narrowed. Between 2000 and 2015, Ethiopia was one of the fastest enhancers of human development in the world. The country’s Human Development Index increased by 58.3%, compared with 24.2% in sub-Saharan Africa overall.3 By 2015, Ethiopia had achieved all but two of the MDGs.4 Agriculture has dominated the Ethiopian economy and accounted for the largest share of employment. The sector has largely remained traditional, with small holder farmers reliant on rain-fed production thus placing stress on the country’s efforts to become food self-sufficient. DELIVERING AS ONE 11 ABOUT ETHIOPIA The role of industry is growing in Ethiopia as the foundation of the country’s ambition to become a lower middle income with a carbon-neutral economy by 2025. This focus on escalating the industrial sector has included investing in industry zones and agro-industrial parks, focusing on light manufacturing and attracting foreign direct investment, while expanding the job market, particularly for youth and women, improving technology transfer, and strengthening linkages with the rest of the economy, including the agricultural sector. Ethiopia’s new industrial strategy is an area that the UN is also scaling up its support around given its potential for promoting inclusive growth. The UN’s support focuses on building national capacity and facilitating access to global best practices. KEY FACTS • GDP per capita increased from US$691 in 2014/15 to US$794 in 2015/16 • The economy grew by 8% in 2015/16 • Annual inflation reached 8.6% in April 2017, up from 7.4% in 2016 Over the years, Ethiopia’s pro-poor witnessed the worst El Nino induced budgeting has enhanced access to social drought in over 30 years, is an area of services. However, the Organisation for major concern as this vulnerability could Economic Co-operation and Development jeopardise development gains.
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