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Rotational Motion (The Dynamics of a Rigid Body)
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Robert Katz Publications Research Papers in Physics and Astronomy 1-1958 Physics, Chapter 11: Rotational Motion (The Dynamics of a Rigid Body) Henry Semat City College of New York Robert Katz University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/physicskatz Part of the Physics Commons Semat, Henry and Katz, Robert, "Physics, Chapter 11: Rotational Motion (The Dynamics of a Rigid Body)" (1958). Robert Katz Publications. 141. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/physicskatz/141 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Research Papers in Physics and Astronomy at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Robert Katz Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 11 Rotational Motion (The Dynamics of a Rigid Body) 11-1 Motion about a Fixed Axis The motion of the flywheel of an engine and of a pulley on its axle are examples of an important type of motion of a rigid body, that of the motion of rotation about a fixed axis. Consider the motion of a uniform disk rotat ing about a fixed axis passing through its center of gravity C perpendicular to the face of the disk, as shown in Figure 11-1. The motion of this disk may be de scribed in terms of the motions of each of its individual particles, but a better way to describe the motion is in terms of the angle through which the disk rotates. -
Low Power Energy Harvesting and Storage Techniques from Ambient Human Powered Energy Sources
University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks Dissertations and Theses @ UNI Student Work 2008 Low power energy harvesting and storage techniques from ambient human powered energy sources Faruk Yildiz University of Northern Iowa Copyright ©2008 Faruk Yildiz Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd Part of the Power and Energy Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Recommended Citation Yildiz, Faruk, "Low power energy harvesting and storage techniques from ambient human powered energy sources" (2008). Dissertations and Theses @ UNI. 500. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd/500 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses @ UNI by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOW POWER ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE TECHNIQUES FROM AMBIENT HUMAN POWERED ENERGY SOURCES. A Dissertation Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Industrial Technology Approved: Dr. Mohammed Fahmy, Chair Dr. Recayi Pecen, Co-Chair Dr. Sue A Joseph, Committee Member Dr. John T. Fecik, Committee Member Dr. Andrew R Gilpin, Committee Member Dr. Ayhan Zora, Committee Member Faruk Yildiz University of Northern Iowa August 2008 UMI Number: 3321009 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Energy Harvesting from Rotating Structures
ENERGY HARVESTING FROM ROTATING STRUCTURES Tzern T. Toh, A. Bansal, G. Hong, Paul D. Mitcheson, Andrew S. Holmes, Eric M. Yeatman Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, U.K. Abstract: In this paper, we analyze and demonstrate a novel rotational energy harvesting generator using gravitational torque. The electro-mechanical behavior of the generator is presented, alongside experimental results from an implementation based on a conventional DC motor. The off-axis performance is also modeled. Designs for adaptive power processing circuitry for optimal power harvesting are presented, using SPICE simulations. Key Words: energy-harvesting, rotational generator, adaptive generator, double pendulum 1. INTRODUCTION with ω the angular rotation rate of the host. Energy harvesting from moving structures has been a topic of much research, particularly for applications in powering wireless sensors [1]. Most motion energy harvesters are inertial, drawing power from the relative motion between an oscillating proof mass and the frame from which it is suspended [2]. For many important applications, including tire pressure sensing and condition monitoring of machinery, the host structure undergoes continuous rotation; in these Fig. 1: Schematic of the gravitational torque cases, previous energy harvesters have typically generator. IA is the armature current and KE is the been driven by the associated vibration. In this motor constant. paper we show that rotational motion can be used directly to harvest power, and that conventional Previously we reported initial experimental rotating machines can be easily adapted to this results for this device, and circuit simulations purpose. based on a buck-boost converter [3]. In this paper All mechanical to electrical transducers rely on we consider a Flyback power conversion circuit, the relative motion of two generator sections. -
Rotational Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: a Comprehensive Review on Excitation Elements, Designs, and Performances
energies Review Rotational Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: A Comprehensive Review on Excitation Elements, Designs, and Performances Haider Jaafar Chilabi 1,2,* , Hanim Salleh 3, Waleed Al-Ashtari 4, E. E. Supeni 1,* , Luqman Chuah Abdullah 1 , Azizan B. As’arry 1, Khairil Anas Md Rezali 1 and Mohammad Khairul Azwan 5 1 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; [email protected] (L.C.A.); [email protected] (A.B.A.); [email protected] (K.A.M.R.) 2 Midland Refineries Company (MRC), Ministry of Oil, Baghdad 10022, Iraq 3 Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; [email protected] 4 Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10022, Iraq; [email protected] 5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-15 Uniten, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.J.C.); [email protected] (E.E.S.) Abstract: Rotational Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting (RPZTEH) is widely used due to mechanical rotational input power availability in industrial and natural environments. This paper reviews the recent studies and research in RPZTEH based on its excitation elements and design and their influence on performance. It presents different groups for comparison according to their mechanical Citation: Chilabi, H.J.; Salleh, H.; inputs and applications, such as fluid (air or water) movement, human motion, rotational vehicle tires, Al-Ashtari, W.; Supeni, E.E.; and other rotational operational principal including gears. The work emphasises the discussion of Abdullah, L.C.; As’arry, A.B.; Rezali, K.A.M.; Azwan, M.K. -
Power Grid Failure
Power grid failure Presentation by: Sourabh Kothari Department of Electrical Engineering, CDSE Introduction • A power grid is an interconnected network of transmission lines for supplying electricity from power suppliers to consumers. Any disruptions in the network causes power outages. India has five regional grids that carry electricity from power plants to respective states in the country. • Electric power is normally generated at 11-25kV and then stepped-up to 400kV, 220kV or 132kV for high voltage lines through long distances and deliver the power into a common power pool called the grid. • The grid is connected to load centers (cities) through a sub- transmission network of normally 33kV lines which terminate into a 33kV (or 66kV) substation, where the voltage is stepped-down to 11kV for power distribution through a distribution network at 11kV and lower. • The 3 distinct operation of a power grid are:- 1. Power generation 2. Power transmission 3. Power distribution. Structure of Grids Operations of Power grids • Electricity generation - Generating plants are located near a source of water, and away from heavily populated areas , are large and electric power generated is stepped up to a higher voltage-at which it connects to the transmission network. • Electric power transmission - The transmission network will move the power long distances–often across state lines, and sometimes across international boundaries, until it reaches its wholesale customer. • Electricity distribution - Upon arrival at the substation, the power will be stepped down in voltage—to a distribution level voltage. As it exits the substation, it enters the distribution wiring. Finally, upon arrival at the service location, the power is stepped down again from the distribution voltage to the required service voltage. -
Training Fact Sheet - Energy in Autorotations Contact: Nick Mayhew Phone: (321) 567 0386 ______
Training Fact Sheet - Energy in Autorotations Contact: Nick Mayhew Phone: (321) 567 0386 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Using Energy for Our Benefit these energies cannot be created or destroyed, just transferred from one place to another. Relative Sizes of the Energy There are many ways that these energies inter-relate. Potential energy can be viewed as a source of kinetic (and rotational) energy. It’s interesting to note the relative sizes of these. It’s not easy to compare kinetic and potential energy, as they can be traded for one another. But the relatively small size of the rotational energy is surprising. One DVD on the subject showed that the rotational energy was a very small fraction of the combined kinetic The secret to extracting the maximum flexibility from an and potential energy even at the start of autorotation is to understand the various a typical flare. energies at your disposal. Energy is the ability to do work, and the ones available in an autorotation What makes this relative size difference important is that are: potential, kinetic, and rotational. There is a subtle, the rotor RPM, while the smallest energy, but powerful interplay between these is far and away the most important energy – without the energies that we can use to our benefit – but only if we rotor RPM, it is not possible to control know and understand them. the helicopter and all the other energies are of no use! The process of getting from the time/place of the engine We’ve already identified 3 different stages to the failure to safely on the ground can be autorotation – the descent, the flare and thought of as an exercise in energy management. -
Hydro, Tidal and Wave Energy in Japan Business, Research and Technological Opportunities for European Companies
Hydro, Tidal and Wave Energy in Japan Business, Research and Technological Opportunities for European Companies by Guillaume Hennequin Tokyo, September 2016 DISCLAIMER The information contained in this publication reflects the views of the author and not necessarily the views of the EU-Japan Centre for Industrial Cooperation, the views of the Commission of the European Union or Japanese authorities. While utmost care was taken to check and confirm all information used in this study, the author and the EU-Japan Centre may not be held responsible for any errors that might appear. © EU-Japan Centre for industrial Cooperation 2016 Page 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to first and foremost thank Mr. Silviu Jora, General Manager (EU Side) as well as Mr. Fabrizio Mura of the EU-Japan Centre for Industrial Cooperation to have given me the opportunity to be part of the MINERVA Fellowship Programme. I also would like to thank my fellow research fellows Ines, Manuel, Ryuichi to join me in this six-month long experience, the Centre's Sam, Kadoya-san, Stijn, Tachibana-san, Fukura-san, Luca, Sekiguchi-san and the remaining staff for their kind assistance, support and general good atmosphere that made these six months pass so quickly. Of course, I would also like to thank the other people I have met during my research fellow and who have been kind enough to answer my questions and helped guide me throughout the writing of my report. Without these people I would not have been able to finish this report. Guillaume Hennequin Tokyo, September 30, 2016 Page 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the long history of the Japanese electricity market, Japan has often reverted to concentrating on the use of one specific electricity power resource to fulfil its energy needs. -
Molecular Energy Levels
MOLECULAR ENERGY LEVELS DR IMRANA ASHRAF OUTLINE q MOLECULE q MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY q MOLECULAR TRANSITIONS q INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER q TYPES OF MOLECULAR ENERGY LEVELS q MOLECULE q In nature there exist 92 different elements that correspond to stable atoms. q These atoms can form larger entities- called molecules. q The number of atoms in a molecule vary from two - as in N2 - to many thousand as in DNA, protiens etc. q Molecules form when the total energy of the electrons is lower in the molecule than in individual atoms. q The reason comes from the Aufbau principle - to put electrons into the lowest energy configuration in atoms. q The same principle goes for molecules. q MOLECULE q Properties of molecules depend on: § The specific kind of atoms they are composed of. § The spatial structure of the molecules - the way in which the atoms are arranged within the molecule. § The binding energy of atoms or atomic groups in the molecule. TYPES OF MOLECULES q MONOATOMIC MOLECULES § The elements that do not have tendency to form molecules. § Elements which are stable single atom molecules are the noble gases : helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon. q DIATOMIC MOLECULES § Diatomic molecules are composed of only two atoms - of the same or different elements. § Examples: hydrogen (H2), oxygen (O2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO) q POLYATOMIC MOLECULES § Polyatomic molecules consist of a stable system comprising three or more atoms. TYPES OF MOLECULES q Empirical, Molecular And Structural Formulas q Empirical formula: Indicates the simplest whole number ratio of all the atoms in a molecule. -
Guideline and Manual for Hydropower Development Vol. 2 Small Scale Hydropower
Guideline and Manual for Hydropower Development Vol. 2 Small Scale Hydropower March 2011 Japan International Cooperation Agency Electric Power Development Co., Ltd. JP Design Co., Ltd. IDD JR 11-020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Part 1 Introduction on Small Scale Hydropower for Rural Electrification Chapter 1 Significance of Small Scale Hydropower Development ..................................... 1-1 Chapter 2 Objectives and Scope of Manual ......................................................................... 2-1 Chapter 3 Outline of Hydropower Generation ..................................................................... 3-1 Chapter 4 Rural Electrification Project by Small-Scale Hydropower ................................. 4-1 Part 2 Designation of the Area of Electrification Chapter 5 Selection of the Area of Electrification and Finding of the Site .......................... 5-1 Part 3 Investigation, Planning, Designing and Construction Chapter 6 Social Economic Research .................................................................................. 6-1 Chapter 7 Technical Survey ................................................................................................. 7-1 Chapter 8 Generation Plan ................................................................................................... 8-1 Chapter 9 Design of Civil Structures ................................................................................... 9-1 Chapter 10 Design of Electro-Mechanical Equipment ......................................................... -
Assessment of Squirrel-Caused Power Outages
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Natural Resources Natural Resources, School of 1989 Assessment of Squirrel-Caused Power Outages J. Chris Hamilton University of Nebraska - Lincoln Ron J. Johnson University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Ronald M. Case University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Michael W. Riley University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers Part of the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering Commons, Other Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons, and the Other Environmental Sciences Commons Hamilton, J. Chris; Johnson, Ron J.; Case, Ronald M.; and Riley, Michael W., "Assessment of Squirrel- Caused Power Outages" (1989). Papers in Natural Resources. 663. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers/663 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Natural Resources, School of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Natural Resources by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. J. Chris Hamilton, ~ Ron J. Johnson, z Ronald M. Case, 3 and Michael IV. Riley 4 Assessment of Squirrel-Caused Power Outages REFERENCES: Hamilton, J. C., Johnson, R. J., Case, R. M., and Riley, M. W., "Assess- ment of Squirrel-Caused Power Outages," in Vertebrate Pest Control and Management Mate- rials: 6th Volume, ASTM STP 1055, Kathleen A. Fagerstone and Richard D. Curnow, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1989, pp. 34-40. ABSTRACT: Squirrel-caused power outages in Lincoln and Omaha, Nebraska, were evalu- ated by examining company power outage reports and by consulting with power company representatives. -
U.S. Electric Company Investment and Innovation in Energy Storage Leading the Way U.S
June 2021 Leading the Way U.S. Electric Company Investment and Innovation in Energy Storage Leading the Way U.S. ELECTRIC COMPANY INVESTMENT AND INNOVATION IN ENERGY STORAGE Table of Contents CASE STUDIES CenterPoint Energy (In alphabetical order by holding company) 14 Solar Plus Storage Project AES Corporation Consolidated Edison Company of New York AES Indiana 15 Commercial Battery Storage 1 Harding Street Station Battery (Beyond Behind-the-Meter) Energy Storage System 16 Gateway Center Mall Battery 17 Ozone Park Battery Alliant Energy Dominion Energy 2 Decorah Energy Storage Project 3 Marshalltown Solar Garden and Storage 18 Bath County Pumped Storage Station 4 Sauk City Microgrid 5 Storage System Solar Demonstration Project DTE Energy 6 Wellman Battery Storage 19 EV Fast Charging-Plus-Storage Pilot Ameren Corporation Duke Energy Ameren Illinois 20 Rock Hill Community 9 MW Battery System 7 Thebes Battery Project 21 Camp Atterbury Microgrid 22 Nabb Battery Site Avangrid New York State Electric & Gas Edison International 8 Aggregated Behind-the-Meter Energy Storage Southern California Edison 9 Distribution Circuit Deployed Battery 23 Alamitos Energy Storage Storage System Pilot Project 24 Ice Bear 25 John S. Eastwood Pumped Storage Plant Rochester Gas & Electric Corporation 26 Mira Loma Substation Battery Storage Project 10 Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging & Battery Storage System Green Mountain Power 11 Peak Shaving Pilot Project 27 Essex Solar and Storage Microgrid 28 Ferrisburgh Solar and Storage Microgrid Berkshire Hathaway Energy 29 Milton Solar and Storage Microgrid MidAmerican Energy Company Hawaiian Electric Companies 12 Knoxville Battery Energy Storage System 30 Schofield Hawaii Public Purpose Microgrid PacifiCorp – Rocky Mountain Power 13 Soleil Lofts Virtual Power Plant i Leading the Way U.S. -
High-Voltage Transmission Lines in the Lower 48 States’ Power Grids Are at Full Capacity
OVERVIEW Much of the U.S. energy system predates the turn of the 20th century. Most electric transmission and distribution lines were constructed in the 1950s and 1960s with a 50-year life expectancy, and the more than 640,000 miles of high-voltage transmission lines in the lower 48 states’ power grids are at full capacity. Energy infrastructure is undergoing increased investment to ensure long-term capacity and sustainability; in 2015, 40% of additional power generation came from natural gas and renewable systems. Without greater attention to aging equipment, capacity bottlenecks, and increased demand, as well as increasing storm and climate impacts, Americans will likely experience longer and more frequent power interruptions. CAPACITY & CONDITION Near-term, U.S. energy systems are projected to deliver sufficient energy to meet national demands in the near term, as energy consumption fell slightly, from 98 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu) in 2014 to 97.7 quadrillion Btu in 2015, and is estimated to grow at a modest rate, averaging 0.4% per year from 2015 through 2040. In general, the capacity and condition of energy systems depend on ownership and geographic region, with privately-owned sources in the best position to invest. Reduced electric demand, changing delivery costs, and new regulations, including those focused on reducing environmental impact, have prompted transformations across the sector in recent years, with growth in natural gas, solar, and wind generation. In 2015, 40% of additional power generation came from natural gas and renewable systems, a trend that continues. However, little consideration has been given to long-term energy sustainability.