Earthquake Red Shaking Alert M 7.8, Origin Time: Sat 2015-04-25 06:11:26 UTC (11:56:26 local) PAGER o o Location: 28.15 N 84.71 E Depth: 15 km Version 5 FOR TSUNAMI INFORMATION, SEE: tsunami.gov Created: 4 hours, 3 minutes after earthquake Estimated Fatalities Red alert for shaking-related fatalities and Estimated Economic Losses economic losses. High casualties and extensive damage are probable and the disaster is likely widespread. Past red alerts have required a national or international 33% 32% 35% 24% 23% 15% 17% response. 8% 8% 3% 1% Estimated economic losses are 9-50%

1 100 10,000 GDP of Nepal. 1 100 10,000 10 1,000 100,000 10 1,000 100,000 Fatalities USD (Millions) Estimated Population Exposed to Earthquake Shaking ESTIMATED POPULATION - -* - -* 14,695k* 102,530k* 29,194k 3,676k 964k 728k 0 EXPOSURE (k = x1000) ESTIMATED MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY PERCEIVED SHAKING Not felt Weak Light Moderate Strong Very Strong Severe Violent Extreme

Resistant none none none V. Light Light Moderate Moderate/Heavy Heavy V. Heavy POTENTIAL Structures DAMAGE Vulnerable Structures none none none Light Moderate Moderate/Heavy Heavy V. Heavy V. Heavy *Estimated exposure only includes population within the map area. Population Exposure population per ~1 sq. km from Landscan Structures: Overall, the population in this region resides in structures that are highly vulnerable to 82°E 84°E 86°EIV earthquake shaking, though some resistant structures exist. The predominant vulnerable IV building types are unreinforced brick masonry and rubble/field stone masonry construction.

V Historical Earthquakes (with MMI levels): IV IVIVIVIVIV VZhadongZhadong Date Dist. Mag. Max Shaking (UTC) (km) MMI(#) Deaths SagaSagaSaga JumlaJumlaJumla 1980-07-29 364 5.5 VII(18k) 0 JumlaJumlaJumla NgamringNgamring 1980-07-29 388 6.5 IX(11k) 100 ZonggaZongga ZonggaZongga 29°N 1988-08-20 244 6.8 VIII(12k) 1k DailekhDailekh JomsomJomsomJomsom Recent earthquakes in this area have caused

PisangPisangPisang XegarXegar secondary hazards such as landslides and SurkhetSurkhetSurkhet liquefaction that might have contributed to ChitreChitre SalyanSalyanSalyan ChitreChitre losses. BaglungBaglungPokharaPokhara VIVI TulsipurTulsipurTulsipur ChongduiChongdui PyuthanPyuthanPyuthan WalingWaling CamgyaiCamgyai BhojpurBhojpur KodariKodari 28°N Selected City Exposure TansenTansenTansen VIIVII NamcheNamche BazarBazar from GeoNames.org BhingaBhinga ButwalVButwalV BharatpurBharatpur KathmanduKathmandu VV PanaotiPanaotiPanaoti MMI City Population BhairahawaBhairahawa BalrampurBalrampur NautanwaNautanwa HituraHitura HituraHitura KhandbariKhandbari VIII 1,442k UtraulaUtraula RamechhapRamechhap KhandbariKhandbari UtraulaUtraula NichlaulNichlaul VII Bhaktapur < 1k BansiBansi BhojpurBhojpur GondaGonda AnandnagarAnandnagar BagahaBagaha MankapurMankapur BirganjBirganj VII Patan 183k MehndawalMehndawal 27°N NawabganjNawabganj MalangwaMalangwa VII Kirtipur 45k FaizabadFaizabad BastiBasti GorakhpurGorakhpur BettiahBettiah GaurGaur FaizabadFaizabad GorakhpurGorakhpur GaurGaur JanakpurJanakpurJanakpur LahanLahanLahan MotihariMotihari SirahaSirahaSiraha IthariIthariIthari VII Nagarkot 4k BikapurBikapur SitamarhiSitamarhi TandaTanda BansgaonBansgaon SitamarhiSitamarhi RajbirajRajbiraj DeoriaDeoria GopalganjGopalganj SheoharSheoharSheohar VII Bharatpur 107k AkbarpurAkbarpur ChakiaChakia BelsandBelsand JogbaniJogbaniJogbani MusafirkhanaMusafirkhana BarauliBarauli ChakiaChakia JogbaniJogbaniJogbani MusafirkhanaMusafirkhana JalalpurJalalpurJalalpur BarauliBarauli MadhubaniMadhubani JalalpurJalalpurJalalpur ChilluparChillupar JhanjharpurJhanjharpurJhanjharpur SultanpurSultanpur ChilluparChillupar JhanjharpurJhanjharpurJhanjharpur ChhatapurChhatapur VI Pokhara 200k BilariaganjBilariaganj LarLarLar SiwanSiwan ChhatapurChhatapur AmethiAmethi KadipurKadipur LarLarLar MuzaffarpurMuzaffarpur AmethiAmethi AzamgarhAzamgarh BeltharaBelthara MuzaffarpurMuzaffarpur SupaulSupaul V 674k AntuAntu ShahganjShahganjShahganj AzamgarhAzamgarh SikandarpurSikandarpurSikandarpur km BelaBela MauMau MarhauraMarhaura 26°N BelaBela MehnagarMehnagarMauMau LalganjLalganjLalganj SamastipurSamastipur SaharsaSaharsa BanmankhiBanmankhi V 333k RasraRasra ReotiReoti LalganjLalganjLalganj SamastipurSamastipur SaharsaSaharsa BanmankhiBanmankhi JaunpurJaunpurJaunpur RevelganjRevelganj 0 50 100 JaunpurJaunpurJaunpur RuseraRusera BihariganjBihariganj V 1,600k MachhlishahrMachhlishahr SadatSadatSadat DalsinghDalsingh SaraiSarai MariahuMariahu GhazipurGhazipur PatnaPatna PhulpurPhulpurPhulpur SaidpurSaidpurSaidpurGhazipurGhazipur AraAra PatnaPatna AraAra FatwaFatwaFatwa KhagariaKhagaria IV Dhankuta 22k PAGER content is automatically generated, and only considers losses due to structural damage. bold cities appear on map (k = x1000) Limitations of input data, shaking estimates, and loss models may add uncertainty. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/pager Event ID: us20002926