Leitfaden Mobile GIS

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Leitfaden Mobile GIS Ĭ Ĭ Ĭ Ĭ Wir verbinden Technologien zu Ihren Lösungen: Hardware Software Lösungen GNSS-Systeme von Trimble Mobil Mobile Datenerfassung Tablet PCs von Panasonic Desktop Betriebssteuerung Zubehör Server Web-GIS-Projekte GIS-Projekte Schulungen Praxishandbücher Projektmanagement ArcGIS for Desktop ArcGIS for Desktop Consulting ArcGIS Pro & ArcGIS Online Schnelleinstieg in ArcGIS Pro Datenservice & Hosting Python (ArcPy) Leitfaden Mobile GIS Unsere Softwarebausteine für Ihre Arbeitsprozesse: GI Mobil GIS connector GI Field GI Projekt 2 GI Geoinformatik GmbH | Morellstraße 33 | D-86159 Augsburg | Tel. +49(0)821/25869-0 | [email protected] | www.gi-geoinformatik.de Impressum Mobile GIS - Hardware, Software, IT-Sicherheit, Indoor-Positionierung, Version 2.1 (02/16), 5. aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage ISBN 978-3-935049-70-2 Herausgeber Dr. Klaus Brand, GI Geoinformatik GmbH, Augsburg Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Blankenbach, RWTH Aachen Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Thomas H. Kolbe, TU München Runder Tisch GIS e.V. c/o Technische Universität München Geschäftsstelle am Lehrstuhl für Geoinformatik Arcisstraße 21 80333 München Lektorat Gerold Olbrich, Wichmann Verlag Redaktion Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthäus Schilcher, Dr.-Ing. Gabriele Aumann, Runder Tisch GIS e.V. Julian Schmid, Dr. Klaus Brand, GI Geoinformatik GmbH Timo Thalmann, textkoch.de Layout & Satz Theresa Adam, GI Geoinformatik GmbH, Augsburg erstellt auf der Grundlage der Version 2.0: Matthias Niemeyer, chocolate-design.de Bildnachweise Titelbild: GI Geoinformatik GmbH; Inhaltsverzeichnis: Claudia Otte/Fotolia.com, Rainerle/Foto- lia.com, Nils Bergmann/Fotolia.com, Albrecht-E.-Arnold/pixelio.de, RICO/Fotolia.com, Tombaky/ Fotolia.com, fefufoto/Fotolia.com, Daniel Ernst/Fotolia.com, tiratore/Fotolia.com. Anzeigen Dr.-Ing. Gabriele Aumann Runder Tisch GIS e.V. c/o Technische Universität München Geschäftsstelle am Lehrstuhl für Geoinformatik Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Thomas H. Kolbe Arcisstraße 21 80333 München Tel.: +49 89 289 22857 [email protected] www.rundertisch.de Erscheinungsweise Digital als PDF www.rundertischgis.de/leitfaden-mobile Urheberrecht Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Alle Beiträge und Abbildungen im Leitfaden Version 2.1 sind urhe- berrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung, die nicht ausdrücklich vom Urheberrechtsgesetz ge- schützt ist, bedarf der vorherigen Genehmigung durch den Runden Tisch GIS e.V. Gezeichnete Beiträge geben die Meinung der Autoren wieder. Die Vorstellung von Hard- und Softwarepro- dukten in diesem Leitfaden erfolgt ohne Gewähr oder Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Sämtliche Angaben zu den Produkten beruhen ausschließlich auf Informationen der jeweiligen Hersteller. Diejenigen Bezeichnungen von im Leitfaden genannten Erzeugnissen, die zugleich eingetra- gene Warenzeichen sind, wurden nicht besonders kenntlich gemacht. Es kann also aus dem Fehlen der Markierung ™ oder ® nicht geschlossen werden, dass die Bezeichnung ein freier Warenname ist. Ebenso wenig ist zu entnehmen, ob Patente oder Gebrauchsmusterschutz vorliegen. 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort der Herausgeber 10 Mobile GIS und die möglichen Anwendungsfelder 1. Einleitung Mobile GIS 14 1.1. Aufbau des Leitfadens 15 1.2. Begriffsdefinitionen 16 1.3. Marktentwicklung 18 Grundlagen 2. GNSS-Positionierung 22 2.1. Das Europäische Satellitennavigationssystem Galileo 22 2.1.1. Aufbau des Galileo-Systems 22 Umwelt und Ressourcen 2.1.2. Die Galileo-Architektur 23 2.1.3. Galileo-Dienste 24 2.1.4. Galileo im Zusammenspiel mit anderen Systemen 24 2.1.5. Galileo-Anwendungsbereiche 25 2.1.6. Aktueller Stand 25 2.2. Prinzip der Satellitenpositionierung 28 2.3. Übersicht bestehender und zukünftiger GNSS-Dienste 29 Land- und Forstwirtschaft 2.4. Geodätische Bezugssysteme 30 2.4.1. Deutschland 30 2.4.2. Koordinatenreferenzsysteme in Österreich 32 2.4.3. Koordinatenreferenzsysteme in der Schweiz 34 2.5. Genauigkeit von GNSS-Messungen 36 2.6. Genauigkeit von autonomen Lösungen 36 2.7. Genauigkeitssteigerung durch differenzielle Korrektur 37 2.7.1. DGPS/DGNSS 38 2.7.2. SAPOS - der Satellitenpositionierungsdienst der deutschen Landesvermessung 39 2.7.3. Postprocessing 40 2.7.4. Swiss Positioning Service (swipos) 41 2.7.5. Satellitenpositionierungssysteme in Österreich 42 4 3. Indoor-Positionierung & lokale Positionierungssysteme 46 Mobile GIS und die möglichen Anwendungsfelder 3.1. Lokale Positionierungssysteme 46 3.2. Ausgewählte Ansätze 48 3.2.1. Infrastrukturgestützte Systeme 48 3.2.2. Bildbasierte Systeme 54 3.2.3. Autonome und hybride Systeme 54 3.3. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 56 3.4. Produktbeispiele 58 3.4.1. infsoft Locator Nodes 58 Ver- und Entsorgung 3.4.2. infsoft Software 59 3.5. Praxisbeispiele 60 3.5.1. Use Cases für Indoor-Positionstechnologie von infsoft 60 3.5.2. Heidelberg Mobil International GmbH - DEEP MAP Technologie 61 4. IT-Plattformen 63 4.1. Bauartnormen 64 4.2. Displaytechnologien 66 Kommunen und Bauhöfe 4.3. Betriebssysteme 66 5. Software für mobile Aufgaben 69 5.1. Welche Software ist für eine mobile Aufgabe die Richtige? 69 5.2. Grundlagen der Geo-App-Entwicklung 71 5.2.1. Native Apps 71 5.2.2. Mobile Webseiten (Web-Apps) 73 5.2.3. Hybride Apps (Cross-Plattform-Entwicklung) 77 5.3. Entscheidungshilfen 80 6. IT-Sicherheit mobiler GIS-Anwendungen 83 6.1. Einführung 83 6.1.1. Datenschutz und Privatsphäre 83 6.1.2. Bedrohungen mobiler Systeme 83 6.1.3. Ziele des Kapitels 84 6.1.4. Mobilgerät-Betriebssysteme 84 5 6.2. Sicherheitsaspekte 85 Mobile GIS und die möglichen Anwendungsfelder 6.2.1. Verwaltung der Mobilgeräte 85 6.2.2. Mobilgeräte als Angriffsmittel 85 6.2.3. Software für Mobilgeräte 86 6.2.4. Vertraulichkeit und Integrität der Daten 86 6.2.5. Verfügbarkeit 87 6.2.6. Authentifizierung und Autorisierung 87 6.3. Schutzmaßnahmen 88 6.3.1. Zugang zum Mobilgerät 88 Outdoor 6.3.2. Konfiguration des Mobilgeräts 89 6.3.3. Absicherung der Infrastruktur 89 6.3.4. Vertrauenswürdige Software 90 6.3.5. Management der Mobilgeräte 92 6.3.6. Verschlüsselung 93 6.3.7. Datenhaltung 93 6.3.8. Kompartimentierung 94 Wasserwirtschaft 6.4. Anwendungsszenarien 95 6.4.1. Nutzer/Besitzer der Mobilgeräte 95 6.4.2. Betreiber der GIS-Infrastruktur 96 6.4.3. Sensitivität der Daten 96 6.5. Praxisbeispiele 97 6.5.1. Stadt und Landkreis Neu-Ulm – Maßnahmen zur IT- Sicherheit von mobilen GIS-Lösungen 97 6.5.2. Landkreis Cham – mobiles GIS auch in kommunalen Geschäftsprozessen? 98 6.5.3. GAF AG - Methoden zur Absicherung gegen Daten- verlust während Geländekampagnen 99 6.6. Weiterführende Literatur 100 6 7. Geobasisdaten 102 Mobile GIS und die möglichen Anwendungsfelder 7.1. Amtliche Geobasisdaten 102 7.1.1. Deutschland 102 7.1.2. Österreich 103 7.1.3. Schweiz 104 7.1.4. Qualitätsmerkmale und Vorteile amtlicher Geobasis- daten 108 7.2. Copernicus in Deutschland – Erdbeobachtung und Dienst- leistungen der Geoinformation 110 7.2.1. Die Copernicus-Infrastruktur 110 Immobilien- und Liegenschaftsverwaltung 7.2.2. Die ersten operationellen Copernicus-Dienste und ihre Anwendungsszenarien 113 7.2.3. Fazit 114 7.3. Öffentliche Geobasisdaten 115 7.3.1. OSM 115 7.3.2. Öffentliche Geobasisdaten 116 7.3.3. Crowdsourcing 116 7.4. Technologien zur Datenbereitstellung 118 7.4.1. Datenbereitstellung von Geobasisdaten 118 Wissenschaft und Lehre 7.4.2. Caching von Karten 118 7.5. Datenschutz und Nutzungsrechte 121 7.5.1. Deutschland 121 7.5.2. Österreich 125 7.5.3. Schweiz 126 Produktübersicht Hardware- und Softwareprodukte 8. Produktübersicht 131 8.1. Hardwarekatalog 131 8.2. Softwarekatalog 145 7 Branchenszenarien und Praxisbeispiele Mobile GIS und die möglichen Anwendungsfelder 9. Branchenszenarien 207 9.1. Stadtwerke Augsburg: GIS auf mobilen Navigationssystemen 207 9.2. Kommunale Anwendungsbereiche: Mobile Geographische Informa- tionssysteme in den Kommunen 209 10. Praxisbeispiele 212 10.1. ArcFM UT Anschlussbeurteilung 212 10.2. 3D–Stadtmodell Aalen – eine neue Dimension und ein neuer Mehrwert für Bürger und Verwaltung 213 Straße/Transportwesen 10.3. Die Ratten sind auf dem Rückzug - Schädlingsbekämpfung mit Betriebsführungssoftware BaSYS Regie 214 10.4. ForstGIS NRW – Plattform für On- und Offline-Apps 215 10.5. Mit GIS 2go im Kampf gegen Polio 216 10.6. ENERGIC OD 217 10.7. hhpberlin ARE - Augmented Reality für den Brandschutz 218 10.8. Baumkataster in der Schwerindustrie 219 10.9. obsAIRveYourBusiness? - lokale Luftqualität auf dem Smart- phone für europäische Städte und Regionen 220 10.10. In- und Outdoor-Navigationslösung 221 10.11. MapEdit – auch unterwegs eine perfekte Daten-Schaltzentrale 222 10.12. ppm skeyebook 223 10.13. tablano - der smarte Begleiter durch den Außendienst 224 10.14. Die Geo-App für mobile Leitungsauskunft der Stadtwerke Brixen 225 10.15. Das private und öffentliche Kanalnetz der Stadt Lünen mobil betreiben und verwalten 226 10.16. Gewerbeimmobilien in Augsburg - rundum vernetzt 227 10.17. Die Schwäbisch Hall App – mobile Bürgerinformationen 228 10.18. Spielplatzkontrolle per App 229 10.19. Mobiles GIS und GPS bei der Stadtförsterei Bad Windsheim 230 10.20. Recklinghausens Stadtgrün in sicheren Händen! 231 10.21. Neue GeoAppAalen - mobiles GIS für Aalen 232 10.22. IuK Fachverfahren Baumkontrolle an der Obersten Baube- hörde Bayern 233 8 Hilfen für die Systemeinführung 11. Handlungsempfehlungen 235 11.1. Allgemeine Empfehlungen 235 11.1.1. Kostenübersicht von GNSS-Systemen 235 11.1.2. Investitionssicherheit 236 11.1.3. Tipps für Einsteiger 237 11.2. Vorüberlegungen zur Hardware 239 11.3. Vorüberlegungen Software 239 11.4. Vorüberlegungen zum Betriebssystem 240 11.5. Vorüberlegungen zur IT-Sicherheit 241 12. Checklisten
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