3 Species of Greatest Conservation Need

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

A: Introduction and Selection Criteria

Five hundred and seventy species were determined to Identifying Species of Greatest Conservation Need for be Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) in this update followed much the same set of criteria as in Massachusetts, including: the 2005 SWAP:

 172 vertebrates All species, including plants, listed under the authority  29 fishes of the Massachusetts Endangered Species Act (MESA)  5 amphibians were included on the updated SWAP list. The MESA list  20 reptiles is regularly updated; the list change procedure involves  95 birds solicitation of comments on listing proposals from at  23 mammals least three external scientific reviewers and from the  115 invertebrates public. See  8 miscellaneous invertebrates http://www.mass.gov/eea/docs/dfg/nhesp/species-  10 freshwater mussels and-conservation/listing-criteria.pdf or Appendix A for a full description of the MESA listing criteria and  8 crustaceans process.  27 dragonflies and damselflies  9 beetles  All species given a global rank of G1 through G3G4  44 butterflies and moths (globally rare species) by NatureServe were  9 bees considered for inclusion. See the explanation of  283 plants abbreviations at the end of Table 3-2 for definition of global ranks. A few globally rare species that

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

occur in Massachusetts were not included in the animals (Stein and Gravuer, 2008) and that current SWAP list. In general, these species are conservation of the breadth of biodiversity in our considered relatively secure in Massachusetts or to Commonwealth must include plants. Additionally, a have significant taxonomic questions. recent summary of plants of conservation concern in  The Northeast Fish and Wildlife Diversity Technical New England (New England Wild Flower Society, 2015) Committee’s list of species of regional concern and demonstrates the precarious status of hundreds of responsibility (the RSGCN list; Terwilliger native plants across the region. Therefore, we have Consulting and Northeast Fish and Wildlife included plants in this SWAP and consider their Diversity Technical Committee, 2013) was conservation to be of equal importance to the consulted for the groups they covered conservation of animals. Note that plants make up (vertebrates, freshwater mussels, tiger beetles, about half of the total list of Massachusetts SGCN. federally listed invertebrates). Most of the species they considered to be of high or very high regional Another major change is the addition of 36 more concern or high or very high regional responsibility species of birds in this SWAP (four were dropped, as were included in our SWAP list, if they occur well). Since the 2005 SWAP, Mass Audubon conducted regularly in Massachusetts. their second Breeding Bird Atlas (Walsh and Petersen  The New England Wild Flower Society and its many 2013) across the Commonwealth. More than 650 partners across the region, joined as the New volunteers worked over 43,000 hours to contribute to England Plant Conservation Program (NEPCoP), an updated understanding of the distribution and published the first regional rare plant list, Flora abundance of breeding birds in the state. After analysis Conservanda: New England, in 1996 (Brumback of the new Atlas data, Mass Audubon published State and Mehrhoff, 1996). In 2009, NEPCoP began of the Birds 2011 and State of the Birds 2013 revision of Flora Conservanda; in 2013, the revision (Massachusetts Audubon Society 2011, 2013), a was published in Rhodora, the Journal of the New summary of the striking changes in Massachusetts England Botanical Club (Brumback and Gerke avifauna over the past thirty years and a discussion of 2013). The 2013 revision was checked to help the threats affecting our breeding birds. In determine which plants, beyond those already combination with analyses of Breeding Bird Survey data listed under MESA, would be included on the (Sauer et al. 2014), it is clear—and quite sobering to SWAP list. note—that many more species of birds are declining  Birds: The highest priorities in the North American rapidly across the state. Waterbird Conservation Plan (Kushlan et al., 2002) and the Northern Atlantic Regional Shorebird Plan Finally, several species of bees were added. Since the (Clark et al., 2000) were considered; most of these 2005 SWAP, it has become evident that many species were added to the Massachusetts list of pollinators, which as a group perform an essential SGCN if the species concerned occur regularly in ecosystem service, are declining rapidly worldwide the state. The Partners in Flight North American (Heinz Center, 2013). While Massachusetts does not Landbird Conservation Plan (Rich et al., 2004) list yet have sufficient information to assess all bees for of Watch List and Stewardship species for the inclusion as SGCN (but see Veit et al. in prep), the nine Eastern Avifaunal Biome was consulted, as well. bees in the list of Species of Greatest Conservation Mass Audubon recently summarized the data from Need, Table 3-2, are clearly demonstrated to be very the second Massachusetts Breeding Bird Atlas uncommon or declining in the state. We expect that (Walsh and Petersen, 2013, Massachusetts several other species of native bees will be Audubon Society, 2011, 2013); these data were demonstrated to meet SGCN inclusion criteria in the scrutinized in detail. A recent analysis of Breeding next decade, unfortunately, as researchers determine Bird Survey data, both for the region and for more precisely the distribution and abundance of these Massachusetts, was also consulted. species in the state.

The most siginificant change since the 2005 Note that the four species of bumblebees on the SGCN Massachusetts SWAP is the inclusion of plants in this list are not assigned to any SWAP habitats. These update. Although plants are not mandated by formerly common, generalist species are likely victims Congress for inclusion in SWAPs, it is clear that many of an exotic pathogen or pathogens brought in with plant species are in just as much danger of decline as imported hives (Cameron et al. 2011; Gillespie 2010).

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

They are not associated with any one or even a few of the 24 SWAP habitats, but formerly were likely to be found in most terrestrial landscapes across the state. Therefore, we have included them on the SGCN list, but not assigned them to SWAP habitats.

Species on the MESA list are considered the highest priority or tier; SWAP species not on the MESA list are considered of lower priority or tier.

For details on changes in SGCN species since the 2005 SWAP, see Section C, below.

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

B: Massachusetts Species of Greatest Conservation Need

Table 3-1, below, lists all of the SGCN in Massachusetts, with their global rank, federal status, regional SGCN status (RSGCN, for vertebrates, freshwater mussels, tiger beetles, and federally listed invertebrates only; see Section D, below, for an explanation), MESA status, other concerns and comments (including level of RSGCN concern and responsibility; see Section D, below), and SWAP Habitats. For an explanation of the SWAP Habitats, see Chapter 4. Details on each of these species, including a short description, their distribution and abundance in the state, habitat description, threats, and references, can be found in the online fact sheets (linked from the common names). Comments in red refer to name and status changes that have been or will shortly be proposed to the MESA list.

See the end of the table for explanations of abbreviations.

Table 3-1: Massachusetts Species of Greatest Conservation Need.

Rare

MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Vertebrates Fishes Connecticut & Merrimack RSGCN responsibility – high Mainstems Acipenser brevirostrum Shortnose Sturgeon G3 LE X NA E S1 RSGCN concern – very high Large & Mid-sized Rivers Marine & Estuarine Habitats Connecticut & Merrimack RSGCN responsibility – high Mainstems Acipenser oxyrinchus Atlantic Sturgeon G3 LE, LT X NA E S1 RSGCN concern – very high Large & Mid-sized Rivers Marine & Estuarine Habitats Connecticut & Merrimack RSGCN responsibility – high Mainstems Alosa aestivalis Blueback Herring G3G4 -- X NA -- S3S4 RSGCN concern – high Large & Mid-sized Rivers Marine & Estuarine Habitats Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems RSGCN responsibility – high Alosa pseudoharengus Alewife G5 -- X NA -- S3S4 Large & Mid-sized Rivers RSGCN concern – high Marine & Estuarine Habitats Lakes & Ponds

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Connecticut & Merrimack RSGCN responsibility – low Mainstems Alosa sapidissima American Shad G5 -- X NA -- S3S4 RSGCN concern – very high Large & Mid-sized Rivers Marine & Estuarine Habitats Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems RSGCN responsibility – low Anguilla rostrata American Eel G4 -- X NA -- S3S4 Large & Mid-sized Rivers RSGCN concern – very high Marine & Estuarine Habitats Lakes & Ponds RSGCN responsibility – low Large & Mid-sized Rivers Catostomus catostomus Longnose Sucker G5 -- X NA SC S3 RSGCN concern – high Small Streams Connecticut & Merrimack Not everywhere it should be Mainstems Catostomus commersoni White Sucker G5 -- -- NA -- S5 expected; downward trend; Large & Mid-sized Rivers issues of connectivity Lakes & Ponds Northern Redbelly This name will be proposed; Chrosomus eos G5 -- -- NA E S1 Small Streams Dace current name is Phoxinus eos RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high Cottus cognatus Slimy Sculpin G5 -- X NA -- S4 Host to federally and state Small Streams Endangered Dwarf Wedgemussel Large & Mid-sized Rivers Couesius plumbeus Lake Chub G5 -- -- NA E S1 Small Streams RSGCN responsibility – high Large & Mid-sized Rivers Enneacanthus obesus Banded Sunfish G5 -- X NA -- S4 RSGCN concern – very high Lakes & Ponds low population numbers; Erimyzon oblongus Creek Chubsucker G5 -- -- NA -- S4 Large & Mid-sized Rivers impacted range-wide RSGCN responsibility – low Large & Mid-sized Rivers Etheostoma fusiforme Swamp Darter G5 -- X NA -- S4 RSGCN concern – high Lakes & Ponds Host to federally and state Etheostoma olmstedi Tessellated Darter G5 -- -- NA -- S4 Endangered Dwarf Large & Mid-sized Rivers Wedgemussel RSGCN responsibility – high Salt Marsh Fundulus luciae Spotfin Killifish G4 -- X NA -- S3 RSGCN concern – very high Marine & Estuarine Habitats

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Only the trimorphic freshwater Threespine Gasterosteus aculeatus G5 -- -- NA T S4 population is listed under MESA Lakes & Ponds Stickleback and therefore a SGCN. Connecticut & Merrimack Eastern Silvery RSGCN responsibility – high Hybognathus regius G5 -- X NA SC S2 Mainstems Minnow RSGCN concern – low Large & Mid-sized Rivers RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high American Brook Lethenteron appendix G4 -- X NA T S2 This name will be proposed; Small Streams Lamprey current name is Lampetra appendix Connecticut & Merrimack RSGCN responsibility – low Lota lota Burbot G5 -- X NA SC S1 Mainstems RSGCN concern – high Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Luxilus cornutus Common Shiner G5 -- -- NA -- S4 Large & Mid-sized Rivers Lakes & Ponds Lakes & Ponds RSGCN responsibility – high Notropis bifrenatus Bridle Shiner G3 -- X NA SC S3 Large & Mid-sized Rivers RSGCN concern – very high Small Streams Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Petromyzon marinus Sea Lamprey G5 -- -- NA -- S4 Large & Mid-sized Rivers Marine & Estuarine Habitats Large & Mid-sized Rivers Rhinichthys atratulus Blacknose Dace G5 -- -- NA -- S5 Small Streams Large & Mid-sized Rivers Rhinichthys cataractae Longnose Dace G5 -- -- NA -- S5 Small Streams Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems RSGCN responsibility – low Salmo salar Atlantic Salmon G5 -- X NA -- S1 Large & Mid-sized Rivers RSGCN concern – very high Small Streams Marine & Estuarine Habitats RSGCN responsibility – low Large & Mid-sized Rivers Salvelinus fontinalis Brook Trout G5 -- X NA -- S4 RSGCN concern – very high Small Streams

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Large & Mid-sized Rivers Semotilus atromaculatus Creek Chub G5 -- -- NA -- S4 Small Streams Connecticut & Merrimack RSGCN responsibility – high Mainstems Semotilus corporalis Fallfish G5 -- X NA -- S4 RSGCN concern – low Large & Mid-sized Rivers Small Streams Amphibians Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- Ambystoma X (as a RSGCN responsibility – low Jefferson Salamander G4 -- NA SC S2S3 White Pine Upland Forest jeffersonianum complex) RSGCN concern – very high Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Vernal Pools Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- Blue-Spotted X (as a RSGCN responsibility – low Ambystoma laterale G5 -- NA SC S3 White Pine Upland Forest Salamander complex) RSGCN concern – very high Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Vernal Pools Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest RSGCN responsibility – low Ambystoma opacum Marbled Salamander G5 -- X NA T S2S3 Central Hardwoods-White RSGCN concern – high Pine Upland Forest Vernal Pools Lakes & Ponds Northern Leopard RSGCN responsibility – low Small Streams Lithobates pipiens G5 -- X NA -- S3S4 Frog RSGCN concern – high Peatlands Marshes & Wet Meadows Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest RSGCN responsibility – low Scaphiopus holbrookii Eastern Spadefoot G5 -- X NA T S2 Pitch Pine-Oak Upland RSGCN concern – very high Forest Vernal Pools

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Reptiles Transitional Hardwoods- RSGCN responsibility – low White Pine Upland Forest Northern RSGCN concern – high Central Hardwoods-White Agkistrodon contortrix G5 -- X NA E S1 Copperhead This name will be proposed; Pine Upland Forest current name is Copperhead Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Loggerhead Sea Caretta caretta G3 -- X NA T S1N This name will be proposed; Marine & Estuarine Habitats Turtle current name is Loggerhead Seaturtle Central Hardwoods-White Carphophis amoenus Eastern Wormsnake G5 -- -- NA T S1S2 Pine Upland Forest RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle G3 LE, LT X NA T S1N Marine & Estuarine Habitats This name will be proposed; current name is Green Seaturtle Vernal Pools Shrub Swamps RSGCN responsibility – low Clemmys guttata Spotted Turtle G5 -- X NA -- S4 Forested Swamps RSGCN concern – very high Large Unfragmented Landscape Mosaics Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest North American RSGCN responsibility – high Coluber constrictor G5 -- X NA -- S4S5 Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Racer RSGCN concern – high Forest Young Forest & Shrublands Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- RSGCN responsibility – low White Pine Upland Forest Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake G4 -- X NA E S1 RSGCN concern – very high Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Leatherback Sea Dermochelys coriacea G2 LE X NA E S1S2N This name will be proposed; Marine & Estuarine Habitats Turtle current name is Leatherback Seaturtle Vernal Pools RSGCN responsibility – low Shrub Swamps Emydoidea blandingii Blanding’s Turtle G4 -- X NA T S2 RSGCN concern – very high Large Unfragmented Landscape Mosaics RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Sea Turtle G3 LE X NA E S1N This name will be proposed; Marine & Estuarine Habitats current name is Hawksbill Seaturtle Large & Mid-sized Rivers RSGCN responsibility – high Glyptemys insculpta Wood Turtle G3 -- X NA SC S3 Small Streams RSGCN concern – very high Riparian Forest LT, RSGCN responsibility – high Shrub Swamps Glyptemys muhlenbergii Bog Turtle G3 X NA E S1 SAT RSGCN concern – very high Marshes & Wet Meadows Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Eastern Hog-nosed RSGCN responsibility – low Pine Upland Forest Heterodon platirhinos G5 -- X NA -- S4 Snake RSGCN concern – very high Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Grasslands Young Forests & Shrublands

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Kemp’s Ridley Sea Lepidochelys kempii G1 LE X NA E S1N This name will be proposed; Marine & Estuarine Habitats Turtle current name is Kemp’s Ridley Seaturtle RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high Northern Diamond- Salt Marsh Malaclemys terrapin G4 -- X NA T S2 This name will be proposed; backed Terrapin Marine & Estuarine Habitats current name is Diamond- backed Terrapin RSGCN responsibility – low Grasslands Opheodrys vernalis Smooth Greensnake G5 -- X NA -- S5 RSGCN concern – high Marshes & Wet Meadows Synonym: Liochlorophis vernalis Young Forests & Shrublands Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pantherophis Eastern Ratsnake G5 -- -- NA E S1 Pine Upland Forest alleghaniensis Young Forests & Shrublands Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Northern Red-Bellied G5T2 RSGCN responsibility – high Lakes & Ponds Pseudemys rubriventris LE X NA E S2 Cooter Q RSGCN concern – high Coastal Plain Ponds Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest RSGCN responsibility – low Central Hardwoods-White Terrapene carolina Eastern Box Turtle G5 -- X NA SC S3 RSGCN concern – very high Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Lakes & Ponds Small Streams RSGCN responsibility – low Thamnophis sauritus Eastern Ribbonsnake G5 -- X NA -- S4S5 Peatlands RSGCN concern – very high Forested Swamps Marshes & Wet Meadows

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Birds RSGCN responsibility – low Northern Hardwoods- RSGCN concern – very high Spruce-Fir Upland Forest MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Transitional Hardwoods- Accipiter gentilis Northern Goshawk G5 -- X NA -- S3 16 blocks since 1974-1979, White Pine Upland Forest deemed local and likely Central Hardwoods-White declining Pine Upland Forest RSGCN responsibility – high Ammodramus Saltmarsh Sharp- G4 -- X NA -- S3B RSGCN concern – very high Salt Marsh caudacutus tailed Sparrow PIF Watch List Species RSGCN responsibility – low Ammodramus maritimus Seaside Sparrow G4 -- X NA -- S2B RSGCN concern – very high Salt Marsh PIF Watch List Species Ammodramus Grasshopper RSGCN responsibility – low G5 -- X NA T S3B Grasslands savannarum Sparrow RSGCN concern – very high S2B, Lakes & Ponds Anas discors Blue-winged Teal G5 -- -- NA -- S5M Marshes & Wet Meadows Marine & Estuarine Habitats Shrub Swamps S4B, RSGCN responsibility – low Forested Swamps Anas rubripes American Black Duck G5 -- X NA -- S5N RSGCN concern – very high Lakes & Ponds Salt Marsh Marshes & Wet Meadows Transitional Hardwoods- RSGCN responsibility – low White Pine Upland Forest RSGCN concern – very high Central Hardwoods-White Eastern Whip-poor- S2S3, Antrostomus vociferus G5 -- X NA SC This name will be proposed; Pine Upland Forest will S3N current name is Caprimulgus Pitch Pine-Oak Upland vociferus Forest Young Forests & Shrublands Coastal Increasing in numbers, S2B, Dunes/Beaches/Small Ardea alba Great Egret G5 -- -- NA -- but still only a few breeding S4N Islands colonies Salt Marsh

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Coastal RSGCN responsibility – low Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone G5 -- X NA -- S4N Dunes/Beaches/Small RSGCN concern – very high Islands S1B, RSGCN responsibility – low Grasslands Asio flammeus Short-eared Owl G5 -- X NA E S3N RSGCN concern – very high Salt Marsh Grasslands Transitional Hardwoods- S1B, RSGCN responsibility – low Asio otus Long-eared Owl G5 -- X NA SC White Pine Upland Forest S2N RSGCN concern – very high Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest S1B, RSGCN responsibility – low Bartramia longicauda Upland Sandpiper G5 -- X NA E Grasslands S1N RSGCN concern – very high RSGCN responsibility – low Bonasa umbellus Ruffed Grouse G5 -- X NA -- S4 Young Forests & Shrublands RSGCN concern – high RSGCN responsibility – low Marshes & Wet Meadows Botaurus lentiginosus American Bittern G4 -- X NA E S2B RSGCN concern – very high Peatlands Highest priority Waterbird Plan Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- S5B, RSGCN responsibility – low White Pine Upland Forest Buteo platypterus Broad-winged Hawk G5 -- X NA -- S5N RSGCN concern – high Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Shrub Swamps Forested Swamps Coastal RSGCN responsibility – low Calidris alba Sanderling G5 -- X NA -- S5N Dunes/Beaches/Small RSGCN concern – high Islands RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high Coastal Calidris canutus Red Knot G4 LT X NA T S2N Highest priority Shorebird Plan Dunes/Beaches/Small This will be proposed as Islands Threatened on the MESA list RSGCN responsibility – low Calidris maritima Purple Sandpiper G5 -- X NA -- S4N Rocky Coastlines RSGCN concern – very high

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Coastal Semi-palmated RSGCN responsibility – low Calidris pusilla G5 -- X NA -- S5N Dunes/Beaches/Small Sandpiper RSGCN concern – high Islands Calonectris diomedea Cory’s Shearwater G5 -- -- NA -- S3N Marine & Estuarine Habitats RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Synonym: Wilsonia canadensis Forested Swamps Cardellina canadensis Canada Warbler G5 -- X NA -- S5B MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Riparian Forest 116 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed local and strongly declining Northern Hardwoods- RSGCN responsibility – low Spruce-Fir Upland Forest RSGCN concern – high Transitional Hardwoods- MA Breeding Bird Atlas says White Pine Upland Forest Chaetura pelagica Chimney Swift G5 -- X NA -- S5B very widespread and stable, but Central Hardwoods-White Breeding Bird Survey data say it Pine Upland Forest is decreasing, both regionally Young Forest & Shrublands and in MA Grasslands RSGCN responsibility – high Coastal Charadrius melodus Piping Plover G3 LE, LT X NA T S2B RSGCN concern – very high Dunes/Beaches/Small Highest priority Shorebird Plan Islands RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Coastal S2B, MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Chordeiles minor Common Nighthawk G5 -- X NA -- Dunes/Beaches/Small S5M 34 blocks since 1974-1979, Islands deemed very local and strongly declining Marshes & Wet Meadows S2B, RSGCN responsibility – low Grasslands Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier G5 -- X NA T S4N RSGCN concern – very high Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest RSGCN responsibility – low Cistothorus palustris Marsh Wren G5 -- X NA -- S2S3B Marshes & Wet Meadows RSGCN concern – high S1B, RSGCN responsibility – low Cistothorus platensis Sedge Wren G5 -- X NA E Marshes & Wet Meadows S1N RSGCN concern – very high

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Marine & Estuarine Habitats Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed Duck G5 -- -- NA -- S5N Rocky Coastlines RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Coccyzus S4B, MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Black-billed Cuckoo G5 -- X NA -- Young Forests & Shrublands erythropthalmus S4N 71 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed somewhat local and likely declining RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Pitch Pine-Oak Upland MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Forest Colinus virginianus Northern Bobwhite G5 -- X NA -- S2 224 blocks since 1974-1979, Grasslands deemed local and strongly Young Forests & Shrublands declining RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Olive-sided SHB, Contopus cooperi G4 -- X NA -- MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 8 Peatlands Flycatcher S2N blocks since 1974-1979, deemed very local and strongly declining RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high MA Breeding Bird Atlas says Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink G5 -- X NA -- S3S4B fairly widespread and likely Grasslands increasing, but Breeding Bird Survey data say it is declining regionally Salt Marsh RSGCN responsibility – low Coastal S2B, RSGCN concern – very high Egretta thula Snowy Egret G5 -- X NA -- Dunes/Beaches/Small S4N Highest priority Waterbird Plan Islands Only a few breeding colonies Marine & Estuarine Habitats

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high Grasslands S3B, MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Coastal Eremophila alpestris Horned Lark G5 -- X NA -- S4N 35 blocks since 1974-1979, Dunes/Beaches/Small deemed local and strongly Islands declining RSGCN responsibility – low S1?B, Euphagus carolinus Rusty Blackbird G4 -- X NA -- RSGCN concern – very high Forested Swamps S3N PIF Watch List Species RSGCN responsibility – high S2B, Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon G4 -- X NA T RSGCN concern – very high S3N Slopes Proposed to go from E to T RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Grasslands Falco sparverius American Kestrel G5 -- X NA -- S3 289 blocks since 1974-1979, Young Forests & Shrublands deemed somewhat local and strongly declining Fratercula arctica Atlantic Puffin G5 -- -- NA -- S2N Marine & Estuarine Habitats RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high BBS NE/MATL (NA); MA (8.9,10.9); S1S2B, Gallinago delicata Wilson’s Snipe G5 -- X NA -- MA Breeding Bird Atlas says Marshes & Wet Meadows S4N local and likely increasing; also increasing on MA Breeding Bird Survey routes, but habitat is still very limited S1B, RSGCN responsibility – low Gallinula galeata Common Gallinule G5 -- X NA SC Marshes & Wet Meadows S1N RSGCN concern – high RSGCN responsibility – low S2B, Gavia immer Common Loon G5 -- X NA SC RSGCN concern – very high Lakes & Ponds S5N Highest priority Waterbird Plan Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon G5 -- -- NA -- S4N Highest priority Waterbird Plan Marine & Estuarine Habitats

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats This name will be proposed; S2B, Geothlypis philadelphia Mourning Warbler G5 -- -- NA SC current name is Oporornis Young Forests & Shrublands S2N philadelphia RSGCN responsibility – low Coastal American Haematopus palliatus G5 -- X NA -- S2B RSGCN concern – very high Dunes/Beaches/Small Oystercatcher Highest priority Shorebird Plan Islands Northern Hardwoods- MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Spruce-Fir Upland Forest 227 blocks since 1974-1979, Transitional Hardwoods- Haemorhous purpureus Purple Finch G5 -- -- NA -- S4 deemed fairly widespread and White Pine Upland Forest strongly declining Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Lakes & Ponds Large & Mid-sized Rivers S2B, Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle G5 -- -- NA T Connecticut & Merrimack S3N Mainstems Marine & Estuarine Habitats RSGCN responsibility – low Histrionicus histrionicus Harlequin Duck G4 -- X NA -- S2N Rocky Coastlines RSGCN concern – very high RSGCN responsibility – high Northern Hardwoods- RSGCN concern – very high Spruce-Fir Upland Forest PIF Watch List Species Transitional Hardwoods- Hylocichla mustelina Wood Thrush G5 -- X NA -- S5B MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down White Pine Upland Forest 30 blocks since 1974-1979, Central Hardwoods-White deemed very widespread and Pine Upland Forest likely declining RSGCN responsibility – low Ixobrychus exilis Least Bittern G5 -- X NA E S1S2B RSGCN concern – very high Marshes & Wet Meadows Highest priority Waterbird Plan Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small S3S4B, Larus argentatus Herring Gull G5 -- -- NA -- Only a few breeding colonies Islands S5N Marine & Estuarine Habitats Salt Marsh

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Larus atricilla Laughing Gull G5 -- -- NA -- S2B Islands Marine & Estuarine Habitats Salt Marsh Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Great Black-backed S3S4B, Larus marinus G5 -- -- NA -- Only a few breeding colonies Islands Gull S5N Marine & Estuarine Habitats Salt Marsh Coastal Short-billed Limnodromus griseus G5 -- -- NA -- S4N Dunes/Beaches/Small Dowitcher Islands RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high Black-and-white MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Northern Hardwoods- Mniotilta varia G5 -- X NA -- S5B Warbler 52 blocks since 1974-1979, Spruce-Fir Upland Forest deemed very widespread and likely declining Morus bassanus Northern Gannet G5 -- -- NA -- S5N Marine & Estuarine Habitats Coastal Numenius borealis Eskimo Curlew GH -- -- NA -- SX Highest priority Shorebird Plan Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands RSGCN responsibility – low Coastal Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel G5 -- X NA -- S3N RSGCN concern – very high Dunes/Beaches/Small Highest priority Shorebird Plan Islands RSGCN responsibility – low Salt Marsh Black-crowned Night- RSGCN concern – very high Coastal Nycticorax nycticorax G5 -- X NA -- S2B Heron Highest priority Waterbird Plan Dunes/Beaches/Small Only a few breeding colonies Islands Marine & Estuarine Habitats S1B, Coastal Oceanodroma leucorhoa Leach’s Storm-Petrel G5 -- -- NA E S4N Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Oreothlypis ruficapilla Nashville Warbler G5 -- -- NA -- S4B Young Forests & Shrublands

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats RSGCN responsibility – low Louisiana RSGCN concern – very high Small Streams Parkesia motacilla G5 -- X NA -- S4B Waterthrush PIF Stewardship Species Riparian Forest Synonym: Seiurus motacilla MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 64 blocks since 1974-1979, Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Cliff Swallow G5 -- -- NA -- S2B deemed local and strongly Slopes declining Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Double-crested S3B, Phalacrocorax auritus G5 -- -- NA -- Only a few breeding colonies Islands Cormorant S5N Marine & Estuarine Habitats Lakes & Ponds Phalaropus fulicarius Red Phalarope G5 -- -- NA -- S4N Marine & Estuarine Habitats Red-necked Phalaropus lobatus G4G5 -- -- NA -- S4N Marine & Estuarine Habitats Phalarope RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Young Forests & Shrublands PIF Stewardship Species Central Hardwoods-White Pipilo erythrophthalmus Eastern Towhee G5 -- X NA -- S4B MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Pine Upland Forest 30 blocks since 1974-1979, Pitch Pine-Oak Upland deemed nearly ubiquitous and Forest likely declining Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest RSGCN responsibility – high Transitional Hardwoods- Piranga olivacea Scarlet Tanager G5 -- X NA -- S5B RSGCN concern – high White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis G5 -- -- NA -- S2B Highest priority Waterbird Plan Islands Salt Marsh RSGCN responsibility – low S1B, Marshes & Wet Meadows Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed Grebe G5 -- X NA E RSGCN concern – very high S4N Lakes & Ponds Highest priority Waterbird Plan

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Grasslands S1S2B, RSGCN responsibility – low Pooecetes gramineus Vesper Sparrow G5 -- X NA T Pitch Pine-Oak Upland S3N RSGCN concern – very high Forest S2S3B, RSGCN responsibility – low Porzana carolina Sora G5 -- X NA -- Marshes & Wet Meadows S4N RSGCN concern – very high MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Grasslands 14 blocks since 1974-1979, Coastal Progne subis Purple Martin G5 -- -- NA -- S1B deemed very local and strongly Dunes/Beaches/Small declining Islands Puffinus griseus Sooty Shearwater G5 -- -- NA -- S5N Marine & Estuarine Habitats SXB, Puffinus puffinus Manx Shearwater G5 -- -- NA -- Marine & Estuarine Habitats S3S4N RSGCN responsibility – low S1B, Rallus elegans King Rail G4 -- X NA T RSGCN concern – very high Marshes & Wet Meadows S1N Highest priority Waterbird Plan RSGCN responsibility – low Connecticut & Merrimack RSGCN concern – high Mainstems MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Large & Mid-sized Rivers Riparia riparia Bank Swallow G5 -- X NA -- S5B 57 blocks since 1974-1979, Coastal deemed somewhat local and Dunes/Beaches/Small strongly declining Islands RSGCN responsibility – low Grasslands S4B, Scolopax minor American Woodcock G5 -- X NA -- RSGCN concern – very high Young Forests & Shrublands S4N Highest priority Shorebird Plan Shrub Swamps Central Hardwoods-White RSGCN responsibility – low Pine Upland Forest RSGCN concern – high S1B, Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Setophaga americana Northern Parula G5 -- X NA T This name will be proposed; S4M Forest current name is Parula Forested Swamps americana Riparian Forest RSGCN responsibility – high Riparian Forest S1B, Setophaga cerulea Cerulean Warbler G4 -- X NA -- RSGCN concern – very high Central Hardwoods-White S2M PIF Watch List Species Pine Upland Forest

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats RSGCN responsibility – low Pitch Pine-Oak Upland RSGCN concern – very high Setophaga discolor Prairie Warbler G5 -- X NA -- S3S4B Forest PIF Watch List Species Young Forests & Shrublands Synonym: Dendroica discolor MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Chestnut-sided 31 blocks since 1974-1979, Setophaga pensylvanica G5 -- -- NA -- S5B Young Forests & Shrublands Warbler deemed widespread and likely declining This name will be proposed; S1B, Northern Hardwoods- Setophaga striata Blackpoll Warbler G5 -- -- NA SC current name is Dendroica S5M Spruce-Fir Upland Forest striata Marine & Estuarine Habitats Coastal S2B, RSGCN responsibility – low Somateria mollissima Common Eider G5 -- X NA -- Dunes/Beaches/Small S5N RSGCN concern – high Islands Rocky Coastlines RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Spizella pusilla Field Sparrow G5 -- X NA -- S3S4 Young Forests & Shrublands 69 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed widespread and likely declining Salt Marsh RSGCN responsibility – high Coastal S2B, Sterna dougallii Roseate Tern G4T3 LE X NA E RSGCN concern – very high Dunes/Beaches/Small S3N Highest priority Waterbird Plan Islands Marine & Estuarine Habitats Salt Marsh RSGCN responsibility – low Coastal S3B, Sterna hirundo Common Tern G5 -- X NA SC RSGCN concern – very high Dunes/Beaches/Small S4N Highest priority Waterbird Plan Islands Marine & Estuarine Habitats

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Salt Marsh RSGCN responsibility – low Coastal S1B, Sterna paradisaea Arctic Tern G5 -- X NA SC RSGCN concern – very high Dunes/Beaches/Small S1S2N Highest priority Waterbird Plan Islands Marine & Estuarine Habitats Salt Marsh RSGCN responsibility – low Coastal Sternula antillarum Least Tern G4 -- X NA SC S2B RSGCN concern – very high Dunes/Beaches/Small Highest priority Waterbird Plan Islands Marine & Estuarine Habitats RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Grasslands Sturnella magna Eastern Meadowlark G5 -- X NA -- S3S4B 316 blocks since 1974-1979, Salt Marsh deemed local and strongly declining RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Central Hardwoods-White PIF Stewardship Species Pine Upland Forest Toxostoma rufum Brown Thrasher G5 -- NA -- S4 MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Pitch Pine-Oak Upland 265 blocks since 1974-1979, Forest deemed fairly widespread and Young Forests & Shrublands strongly declining RSGCN responsibility – low Coastal S3B, RSGCN concern – very high Dunes/Beaches/Small Tringa semipalmata Willet G5 -- X NA -- S3N MA Breeding Bird Atlas deems it Islands local and strongly increasing Salt Marsh S2B, RSGCN responsibility – low Grasslands Tyto alba Barn Owl G5 -- X NA SC S2N RSGCN concern – very high Salt Marsh RSGCN responsibility – low Golden-winged Vermivora chrysoptera G4 -- X NA E S1B RSGCN concern – very high Young Forests & Shrublands Warbler PIF Watch List Species RSGCN responsibility – high Vermivora cyanoptera Blue-winged Warbler G5 -- X NA -- S3S4B RSGCN concern – very high Young Forests & Shrublands PIF Watch List Species

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats PIF Stewardship Species MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down Young Forests & Shrublands White-throated Zonotrichia albicollis G5 -- -- NA -- S5 182 blocks since 1974-1979, Peatlands Sparrow deemed local and strongly Forested Swamps declining Mammals Large Unfragmented Landscape Mosaics Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Alces americanus Moose G5 -- -- NA -- S4 Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest RSGCN responsibility – low Balaenoptera borealis Sei Whale G3 LE X NA E S1 Marine & Estuarine Habitats RSGCN concern – very high RSGCN responsibility – low Balaenoptera musculus Blue Whale G3G4 LE X NA E S1 Marine & Estuarine Habitats RSGCN concern – very high RSGCN responsibility – low Balaenoptera physalus Fin Whale G3G4 LE X NA E S2 Marine & Estuarine Habitats RSGCN concern – very high Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- RSGCN responsibility – low Eptesicus fuscus Big Brown Bat G5 -- X NA -- S5 White Pine Upland Forest RSGCN concern – high Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Springs, Caves & Mines Northern Right RSGCN responsibility – low Eubalaena glacialis G1 LE X NA E S1 Marine & Estuarine Habitats Whale RSGCN concern – very high Northern Flying Steep decline in past 40 years; Northern Hardwoods- Glaucomys sabrinus G5 -- -- NA -- S2? Squirrel associated with boreal forests Spruce-Fir Upland Forest

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest RSGCN responsibility – low Transitional Hardwoods- Lasionycteris noctivagans Silver-haired Bat G5 -- X NA -- S3M RSGCN concern – very high White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest RSGCN responsibility – low Transitional Hardwoods- Lasiurus borealis Eastern Red Bat G5 -- X NA -- S3M RSGCN concern – very high White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest RSGCN responsibility – low Transitional Hardwoods- Lasiurus cinereus Hoary Bat G5 -- X NA -- S2B RSGCN concern – very high White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Large Unfragmented Landscape Mosaics RSGCN responsibility – low Northern Hardwoods- Lynx rufus Bobcat G5 -- X NA -- S4 RSGCN concern – high Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest RSGCN responsibility – low Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale G4 LE X NA E S2 Marine & Estuarine Habitats RSGCN concern – very high Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- RSGCN responsibility – high Myotis leibii Small-footed Myotis G1G3 -- X NA E S1 White Pine Upland Forest RSGCN concern – very high Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Springs, Caves & Mines

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- RSGCN responsibility – low Myotis lucifugus Little Brown Myotis G3 -- X NA E S5 White Pine Upland Forest RSGCN concern – very high Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Springs, Caves & Mines Northern Hardwoods- RSGCN responsibility – low Spruce-Fir Upland Forest RSGCN concern – very high Transitional Hardwoods- Myotis septentrionalis Northern Myotis G2G3 LT X NA E S4 This name will be proposed; White Pine Upland Forest current name is Northern Long- Central Hardwoods-White eared Bat Pine Upland Forest Springs, Caves & Mines RSGCN responsibility – low Myotis sodalis Indiana Myotis G2 LE X NA E SH Springs, Caves & Mines RSGCN concern – very high Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- RSGCN responsibility – low Perimyotis subflavus Tricolored Bat G3 -- X NA E S3 White Pine Upland Forest RSGCN concern – very high Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Springs, Caves & Mines RSGCN responsibility – low Physeter macrocephalus Sperm Whale G3G4 LE X NA E S1 Marine & Estuarine Habitats RSGCN concern – very high RSGCN responsibility – high Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Sorex dispar Rock Shrew G4 -- X NA SC S3 RSGCN concern – very high Slopes Vernal Pools RSGCN responsibility – high Sorex palustris Water Shrew G5 -- X NA SC S3 Lakes & Ponds RSGCN concern – high Forested Swamps Young Forests & Shrublands Pitch Pine-Oak Upland New England RSGCN responsibility – high Sylvilagus transitionalis G3 -- X NA -- S2 Forest Cottontail RSGCN concern – very high Forested Swamp Shrub Swamp

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Peatlands Southern Bog RSGCN responsibility – low Synaptomys cooperi G5 -- X NA SC S2 Grasslands Lemming RSGCN concern – very high Young Forests & Shrublands Large Unfragmented Landscape Mosaics Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Ursus americanus Black Bear G5 -- -- NA -- S4 Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Invertebrates Sponges Smooth Branched Spongilla aspinosa G2G3 -- NA NA SC S2? Lakes & Ponds Sponge Flatworms Proposed to go from E to SC. Sunderland Spring Seidlia remota G1 -- NA NA SC SH This name will be proposed; Springs, Caves & Mines Planarian current name is Polycelis remota Segmented Worms

New England Macrobdella sestertia G2 -- NA NA SC SH Lakes & Ponds Medicinal Leech

Snails Floridobia winkleyi New England Siltsnail G3 -- NA NA SC S1 Salt Marsh Littoridinops tenuipes Coastal Marsh Snail G5 -- NA NA SC S1 Salt Marsh Marstonia lustrica Boreal Marstonia G5 -- NA NA E S1 Lakes & Ponds Small Streams Pomatiopsis lapidaria Slender Walker G5 -- NA NA E S1 Large & Mid-sized Rivers Valvata sincera Boreal Turret Snail G5 -- NA NA E SH Lakes & Ponds Freshwater Mussels RSGCN responsibility – high Alasmidonta heterodon Dwarf Wedgemussel G1G2 LE X NA E S1 Large & Mid-sized Rivers RSGCN concern – very high

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Lakes & Ponds Large & Mid-sized Rivers RSGCN responsibility – high Alasmidonta undulata Triangle Floater G4 -- X NA -- S3 Connecticut & Merrimack RSGCN concern – high Mainstems Coastal Plain Ponds RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high Alasmidonta varicosa Brook Floater G3 -- X NA E S1 This name will be proposed; Large & Mid-sized Rivers current name is Swollen Wedgemussel Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems RSGCN responsibility – high Large & Mid-sized Rivers Anodonta implicata Alewife Floater G5 -- X NA -- SU RSGCN concern – high Small Streams Lakes & Ponds Coastal Plain Ponds Large & Mid-sized Rivers RSGCN responsibility – high Lampsilis cariosa Yellow Lampmussel G3G4 -- X NA E S1S2 Connecticut & Merrimack RSGCN concern – very high Mainstems Connecticut and Merrimack Mainstems RSGCN responsibility – high Large & Mid-sized Rivers Lampsilis radiata Eastern Lampmussel G5 -- -- NA -- S4 RSGCN concern – moderate Small Streams Lakes & Ponds Coastal Plain Ponds Lakes & Ponds Large & Mid-sized Rivers RSGCN responsibility – high Leptodea ochracea Tidewater Mucket G3G4 -- X NA SC S2 Connecticut & Merrimack RSGCN concern – very high Mainstems Coastal Plain Ponds Lakes & Ponds Large & Mid-sized Rivers RSGCN responsibility – high Ligumia nasuta Eastern Pondmussel G4 -- X NA SC S3 Connecticut & Merrimack RSGCN concern – very high Mainstems Coastal Plain Ponds

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Margaritifera RSGCN responsibility – low Large & Mid-sized Rivers Eastern Pearlshell G4 -- X NA -- SU margaritifera RSGCN concern – high Small Streams Large & Mid-sized Rivers Strophitus undulatus Creeper G5 -- -- NA SC S3 Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Crustaceans Appalachian Brook Cambarus bartonii G5 -- NA NA -- S2 Small Streams Crayfish Eubranchipus intricatus Intricate Fairy Shrimp G4 -- NA NA SC S1 Vernal Pools Agassiz’s Clam Eulimnadia agassizii G1G2 -- NA NA E S1 Vernal Pools Shrimp Gammarus Northern Spring G5 -- NA NA SC S2 Springs, Caves & Mines pseudolimnaeus Amphipod American Clam Limnadia lenticularis G4G5 -- NA NA SC S1 Vernal Pools Shrimp Taconic Cave Stygobromus borealis G2G3 -- NA NA E S1 Springs, Caves & Mines Amphipod Piedmont Stygobromus tenuis Groundwater G4T4 -- NA NA SC S1 Springs, Caves & Mines tenuis Amphipod Coastal Swamp Synurella chamberlaini GNR -- NA NA SC S1 Forested Swamps Amphipod Dragonflies Aeshna subarctica Subarctic Darner G5 -- NA NA E S1 Peatlands Proposed for de-listing from Coastal Plain Ponds Anax longipes Comet Darner G5 -- NA NA -- S2S3 MESA list Lakes & Ponds Large & Mid-sized Rivers Boyeria grafiana Ocellated Darner G5 -- NA NA SC S2S3 Small Streams Riparian Forest Spine-crowned Large & Mid-sized Rivers Gomphus abbreviatus G3G4 -- NA NA SC S3 Clubtail Riparian Forest Large & Mid-sized Rivers Gomphus descriptus Harpoon Clubtail G4 -- NA NA E S2 Riparian Forest

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Gomphus fraternus Midland Clubtail G5 -- NA NA E S1 Mainstems Riparian Forest Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Gomphus quadricolor Rapids Clubtail G3G4 -- NA NA E S2 Mainstems Riparian Forest Connecticut & Merrimack Gomphus vastus Cobra Clubtail G5 -- NA NA SC S2S3 Mainstems Riparian Forest Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Gomphus ventricosus Skillet Clubtail G3 -- NA NA T S2 Mainstems Riparian Forest Lakes & Ponds Large & Mid-sized Rivers Umber Neurocordulia obsoleta G5 -- NA NA SC S3 Connecticut & Merrimack Shadowdragon Mainstems Riparian Forest Large & Mid-sized Rivers Neurocordulia Stygian Connecticut & Merrimack G5 -- NA NA SC S3 yamaskanensis Shadowdragon Mainstems Riparian Forest Large & Mid-sized Rivers Ophiogomphus aspersus Brook Snaketail G4 -- NA NA SC S3 Riparian Forest Large & Mid-sized Rivers Ophiogomphus carolus Riffle Snaketail G5 -- NA NA T S2S3 Riparian Forest Vernal Pools Proposed for de-listing from Rhionaeschna mutata Spatterdock Darner G4 -- NA NA -- S3 Lakes & Ponds MESA list Coastal Plain Ponds Small Streams Somatochlora elongata Ski-tailed Emerald G5 -- NA NA SC S2S3 Riparian Forest Small Streams Somatochlora forcipata Forcipate Emerald G5 -- NA NA E S1 Riparian Forest Peatlands

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Small Streams Somatochlora georgiana Coppery Emerald G3G4 -- NA NA E S1 Riparian Forest Peatlands Somatochlora incurvata Incurvate Emerald G4 -- NA NA E S1 Peatlands Small Streams Somatochlora kennedyi Kennedy’s Emerald G5 -- NA NA E S1 Riparian Forest Peatlands Small Streams Somatochlora linearis Mocha Emerald G5 -- NA NA SC S2 Riparian Forest Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Stylurus amnicola Riverine Clubtail G4 -- NA NA E S2 Mainstems Riparian Forest Williamsonia fletcheri Ebony Boghaunter G4 -- NA NA E S1S2 Peatlands Williamsonia lintneri Ringed Boghaunter G3 -- NA NA T S2S3 Peatlands Damselflies Enallagma carunculatum Tule Bluet G5 -- NA NA SC S2 Lakes & Ponds Enallagma daeckii Attenuated Bluet G4 -- NA NA T S1 Lakes & Ponds Coastal Plain Ponds Enallagma pictum Scarlet Bluet G3 -- NA NA T S2 Lakes & Ponds Coastal Plain Ponds Enallagma recurvatum Pine Barrens Bluet G3 -- NA NA T S2S3 Lakes & Ponds Beetles (Coleoptera) Coastal Northeastern Beach G3G4T RSGCN responsibility – high Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis LT X NA E S1 Dunes/Beaches/Small Tiger Beetle 2 RSGCN concern – very high Islands Cicindela Twelve-Spotted Tiger G5 -- -- NA SC S2S3 Large & Mid-sized Rivers duodecimguttata Beetle This name will be proposed; Coastal Cicindela limbalis Claybank Tiger Beetle G5 -- -- NA SC S1 current name is Bank Tiger Dunes/Beaches/Small Beetle Islands Cobblestone Tiger RSGCN responsibility – high Connecticut & Merrimack Cicindela marginipennis G2 -- X NA E S1 Beetle RSGCN concern – high Mainstems RSGCN responsibility – low Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Cicindela patruela Barrens Tiger Beetle G3 -- X NA E S1 RSGCN concern – high Forest

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats RSGCN responsibility – high Connecticut & Merrimack Cicindela puritana Puritan Tiger Beetle G1G2 LT X NA E S1 RSGCN concern – very high Mainstems Cicindela purpurea Purple Tiger Beetle G5 -- -- NA SC S2S3 Grasslands RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high Cicindela rufiventris Hentz’s Red-bellied Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus G5T2 -- X NA T S2 This name will be proposed; hentzii Tiger Beetle Slopes current name is Hentz’s Redbelly Tiger Beetle RSGCN responsibility – not Grasslands American Burying determined Nicrophorus americanus G2G3 LE X NA E S1 Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Beetle RSGCN concern – not Forest determined Butterflies and Moths

(Lepidoptera) Grasslands Coastal Heathland Abagrotis nefascia G4 -- NA NA SC S3 Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Cutworm Forest This name will be proposed; Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Acronicta albarufa Barrens Dagger Moth G3G4 -- NA NA T S2S3 current name is Barrens Forest Daggermoth Peatlands Apamea inebriata Drunk Apamea Moth G3G4 -- NA NA SC S2S3 Marshes & Wet Meadows Apodrepanulatrix New Jersey Tea Pitch Pine-Oak Upland G3 -- NA NA E S1S2 liberaria Inchworm Forest Peatlands Callophrys hesseli Hessel’s Hairstreak G3G4 -- NA NA SC S2S3 Forested Swamps Grasslands Callophrys irus Frosted Elfin G3 -- NA NA SC S2S3 Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Peatlands Callophrys lanoraieensis Bog Elfin G3G4 -- NA NA T S1 Forested Swamps Pitch Pine-Oak Upland This name will be proposed; Catocala herodias Forest Herodias Underwing G3T3 -- NA NA SC S2S3 current name is Gerhard’s gerhardi Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Underwing Slopes

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats This name will be proposed; Catocala pretiosa Shrub Swamps Precious Underwing G4T2 -- NA NA E S1 current name is Precious pretiosa Forested Swamps Underwing Moth This name will be proposed; Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Chaetaglaea cerata Waxed Sallow G3G4 -- NA NA SC S1S3 current name is Waxed Sallow Forest Moth This name will be proposed; Melsheimer’s Sack- Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Cicinnus melsheimeri G4 -- NA NA T S2S3 current name is Melsheimer’s bearer Forest Sack Bearer Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest This name will be proposed; Peatlands Chain-dotted Cingilia catenaria G4 -- NA NA SC S2S3 current name is Chain Dot Shrub Swamps Geometer Geometer Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Cycnia inopinatus Unexpected Cycnia G4 -- NA NA T S2 Grasslands This name will be proposed; Dargida rubripennis The Pink-streak G3G4 -- NA NA T S1S2 Grasslands current name is The Pink Streak Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Eacles imperialis Imperial Moth G5 -- NA NA T S1 Forest Northern Hardwoods- Erora laeta Early Hairstreak GU -- NA NA T S2 Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Grasslands G5T1T Erynnis persius persius Persius Duskywing -- NA NA E S1 Pitch Pine-Oak Upland 3 Forest This name will be proposed; Grasslands Euchlaena madusaria Scrub Euchlaena G4 -- NA NA SC S2S3 current name is Sandplain Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Euchlaena Forest Euphyes dion Dion Skipper G4 -- NA NA T S2 Marshes & Wet Meadows Grammia phyllira Phyllira Tiger Moth G4 -- NA NA E S1 Grasslands

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Peatlands Shrub Swamps This name will be proposed; Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Hemaris gracilis Slender Clearwing G3G4 -- NA NA SC S2S3 current name is Slender Forest Clearwing Sphinx Moth Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/ Talus Slopes This name will be proposed; Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Hemileuca maia Buck Moth G5 -- NA NA SC S2S3 current name is Barrens Forest Buckmoth Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Sandplain Heterocampa varia G3G4 -- NA NA T S1S2 Forest Heterocampa Grasslands Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Hypomecis buchholzaria Buchholz’s Gray G3G4 -- NA NA E S1 Forest This name will be proposed; Shrub Swamps Lithophane viridipallens Pale Green Pinion G5 -- NA NA SC S1S3 current name is Pale Green Forested Swamps Pinion Moth Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Lycia rachelae Twilight Moth G4G5 -- NA NA E S1 Forest This name will be proposed; Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Lycia ypsilon Woolly Gray G4 -- NA NA T S1 current name is Pine Barrens Forest Lycia Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Metarranthis apiciaria Barrens Metarranthis G1G3 -- NA NA E S1 Forest This name will be proposed; Peatlands Metarranthis pilosaria Heath Metarranthis G3G4 -- NA NA SC S2S3 current name is Coastal Swamp Shrub Swamps Metarranthis Northern Brocade Marshes & Wet Meadows Neoligia semicana G2G4 -- NA NA SC S1S2 Moth Salt Marsh This name will be proposed; Papaipema appassionata Pitcher-plant Borer G4 -- NA NA T S2S3 current name is Pitcher Plant Peatlands Borer This name will be proposed; Papaipema sp. 2 Ostrich-fern Borer G3G4 -- NA NA SC S2S3 current name is Ostrich Fern Riparian Forest Borer

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats This name will be proposed; Peatlands Papaipema stenocelis Chain-fern Borer G4 -- NA NA T S2S3 current name is Chain Fern Shrub Swamps Borer This name will be proposed; Lakes & Ponds Papaipema sulphurata Water-willow Borer G2 -- NA NA T S2 current name is Water-willow Small Streams Stem Borer Shrub Swamps This name will be proposed; Marshes & Wet Meadows Photedes inops Cord-grass Borer G3G4 -- NA NA SC S2S3 current name is Spartina Borer Salt Marsh Forested Swamps Pieris oleracea Mustard White G4G5 -- NA NA T S2 Marshes & Wet Meadows This name will be proposed; Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Psectraglaea carnosa Pink Sallow G3 -- NA NA SC S2S3 current name is Pink Sallow Forest Moth Grasslands Ptichodis bistrigata Southern Ptichodis G3 -- NA NA T S1S2 Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest This name will be proposed; Central Hardwoods-White Pyrrhia aurantiago Orange Sallow G3G4 -- NA NA SC S3 current name is Orange Sallow Pine Upland Forest Moth Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Pine Barrens Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Speranza exonerata G3G4 -- NA NA SC S2S3 Speranza Forest This name will be proposed; Stenoporpia Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Faded Gray GU -- NA NA T S1 current name is Faded Gray polygrammaria Forest Geometer This name will be proposed; Coastal Sympistis riparia Dune Sympistis G4 -- NA NA SC S2S3 current name is Dune Noctuid Dunes/Beaches/Small Moth Islands Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Zale lunifera Pine Barrens Zale G3G4 -- NA NA SC S2S3 Forest Pine Barrens Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Zanclognatha martha G4 -- NA NA T S2S3 Zanclognatha Forest Bees Anthophora walshii Walsh’s Anthophora GNR -- NA NA -- SNR Grasslands

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Rusty-patched Bombus affinis G1 -- NA NA -- SH Bumble Bee Bombus fervidus Yellow Bumble Bee G4? -- NA NA -- SNR American Bumble Bombus pensylvanicus G3G4 -- NA NA -- SNR Bee Yellow-banded Bombus terricola G2G4 -- NA NA -- SNR Bumble Bee Extremely rare parasite on Young Forests & Shrublands Epeoloides pilosula Macropis Cuckoo Bee G1 -- NA NA -- SNR Lysimachia specialist bees Marshes & Wet Meadows Ciliary Oil-collecting Macropis ciliata GNR -- NA NA -- SNR Grasslands Bee Naked Oil-collecting Macropis nuda GNR -- NA NA -- SNR Grasslands Bee Patellar Oil-collecting Macropis patellata GNR -- NA NA -- SNR Grasslands Bee Plants Transitional Hardwoods- Actaea racemosa Black Cohosh G4 -- NA IND E S1 White Pine Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Adlumia fungosa Climbing Fumitory G4 -- NA -- SC S3 Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Agalinis acuta Sandplain Gerardia G1 LE NA 1 E S1 Grasslands Agastache Northern Hardwoods- Purple Giant Hyssop G4 -- NA 2 E S1 scrophulariifolia Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Ageratina aromatica Lesser Snakeroot G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Slopes Small-flowered Agrimonia parviflora G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Riparian Forest Agrimony

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Agrimonia pubescens Hairy Agrimony G5 -- NA -- T S2 Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Connecticut & Merrimack G5TN Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Mountain Alder -- NA -- SC S2 Proposed to go from T to SC Mainstems R Large & Mid-sized Rivers Coastal Dunes, Beaches & Amaranthus pumilus Seabeach Amaranth G2 LT NA 4 -- SH Small Islands Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Amelanchier Bartram's Shadbush G5 -- NA -- T S2 Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus bartramiana Slopes Shrub Swamps Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Amelanchier sanguinea Roundleaf Shadbush G5 -- NA -- SC S3 Slopes Common name will be proposed Amphicarpum Annual Peanutgrass G4 -- NA 2 E S1 to change; current name Annual Coastal Plain Ponds amphicarpon Peanut-grass Transitional Hardwoods- Aplectrum hyemale Putty-root G5 -- NA 2 E S1 White Pine Upland Forest Lyre-leaved Rock- Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Arabidopsis lyrata G5 -- NA -- E S1 cress Slopes Common name will be proposed Eastern Dwarf Arceuthobium pusillum G5 -- NA -- SC S3 to change; current name is Peatlands Mistletoe Dwarf Mistletoe Arethusa bulbosa Arethusa G4 -- NA 3(a) T S2 Peatlands Arisaema dracontium Green Dragon G5 -- NA -- T S2 Riparian Forest Grasslands Central Hardwoods-White Aristida purpurascens Purple Needlegrass G5 -- NA 2(a) T S2 Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Coastal Seabeach Aristida tuberculosa G5 -- NA 2 T S2 Dunes/Beaches/Small Needlegrass Islands Grasslands Asclepias purpurascens Purple Milkweed G5? -- NA 2 E S1 Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Common name will be proposed Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Asclepias verticillata Whorled Milkweed G5 -- NA -- T S2 to change; current name is Slopes Linear-leaved Milkweed Mountain Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Asplenium montanum G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Spleenwort Slopes Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Asplenium ruta-muraria Wall-rue Spleenwort G5 -- NA -- T S2 Slopes Shrub Swamps Betula pumila Swamp Birch G5 -- NA -- E S1 Peatlands Marshes & Wet Meadows Large & Mid-sized Rivers Bidens eatonii Eaton's Beggar-ticks G3 -- NA 1 E S1 Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems The variety hyperborea is the G4T2T Riparian Forest Bidens hyperborea Estuary Beggar-ticks -- NA -- E S1 taxon present in MA; 4 Large & Mid-sized Rivers this taxon is G4T2T4. Transitional Hardwoods- Blephilia ciliata Downy Wood-mint G5 -- NA 2 E S1 White Pine Upland Forest Northern Hardwoods- Blephilia hirsuta Hairy Wood-mint G5? -- NA 2 E S1 Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Boechera laevigata Smooth Rock-cress G5 -- NA -- SC S2 Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Riparian Forest

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Boechera missouriensis Green Rock-cress G5 -- NA 2(a) T S2 Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Botrychium simplex Least Moonwort G5 -- NA -- -- S1S2 Marshes and Wet Meadows G5T4? Botrychium tenebrosum Swamp Moonwort -- NA IND. -- S1S2 Forested Swamps Q Central Hardwoods-White Common name will be proposed Pine Upland Forest Calamagrostis pickeringii Pickering’s Reedgrass G4 -- NA -- E S1 to change; current name is Reed Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Bentgrass Forest New England Calamagrostis stricta ssp. Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Northern Reed G5T5 -- NA 2(a) E S1 inexpansa Slopes Grass Transitional Hardwoods- Common name will be proposed White Pine Upland Forest Upright False Calystegia spithamaea G4G5 -- NA 2(a) E S1 to change; current name is Low Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Bindweed Bindweed Slopes Grasslands Common name will be proposed Cardamine dentata Fen Cuckoo-flower G5T5 -- NA 2 T S1 to change; current name is Fen Marshes & Wet Meadows Cuckoo Flower Forested Swamps Cardamine douglassii Purple Cress G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Riparian Forest Common name will be proposed Cardamine longii Long's Bittercress G3? -- NA 1 E S1 to change; current name is Large & Mid-sized Rivers Long’s Bitter-cress Riparian Forest Carex alopecoidea Foxtail Sedge G5 -- NA 2 T S2 Marshes & Wet Meadows Transitional Hardwoods- Carex backii Back's Sedge G5 -- NA -- E S1 White Pine Upland Forest Shrub Swamps Carex baileyi Bailey's Sedge G4 -- NA -- T S2 Forested Swamps Marshes & Wet Meadows Carex bushii Bush's Sedge G4 -- NA 2(a) E S1 Grasslands

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Marshes & Wet Meadows Forested Swamps Chestnut-colored Carex castanea G5 -- NA -- E S1 Young Forests & Shrublands Sedge Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Carex chordorrhiza Creeping Sedge G5 -- NA 3(b) E S1 Marshes & Wet Meadows Carex davisii Davis' Sedge G4 -- NA 2 E S1 Riparian Forest Carex exilis Bog Sedge G5 -- NA -- -- S2S3 3 current occurrences in MA Peatlands Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- Carex formosa Handsome Sedge G4 -- NA -- T S1 White Pine Upland Forest Forested Swamps Marshes & Wet Meadows Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Carex glaucodea Glaucescent Sedge G5T5 -- NA 2 E S1 Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Slender Woodland Upland Forest Carex gracilescens G5? -- NA 2 E SH Sedge Marshes & Wet Meadows Carex grayi Gray's Sedge G4 -- NA -- T S2 Riparian Forest Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Carex hitchcockiana Hitchcock's Sedge G5 -- NA -- SC S3 Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Large & Mid-sized Rivers Carex lenticularis Shore Sedge G5 -- NA -- T S1 Lakes & Ponds Common name will be proposed Carex livida Livid Sedge G5 -- NA 2 E SH to change; current name is Peatlands Glaucous Sedge Common name will be proposed Carex lupuliformis False Hop Sedge G4 -- NA -- E S1 to change; current name is False Vernal Pools Hop-sedge Carex mesochorea Midland Sedge G4G5 -- NA IND E S1 Grasslands

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Marshes & Wet Meadows Carex michauxiana Michaux's Sedge G5 -- NA -- E S1 Peatlands Carex mitchelliana Mitchell's Sedge G4 -- NA 2 T S2 Salt Marsh Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Carex oligocarpa Rich Woods Sedge G4 -- NA 2 T S1? Slopes Carex oligosperma Few-seeded Sedge G5 -- NA -- E S2 Peatlands Carex pauciflora Few-flowered Sedge -- NA -- E S1 Peatlands Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Carex polymorpha Variable Sedge G3 -- NA 1 E S2 Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Grasslands Carex schweinitzii Schweinitz's Sedge G3G4 -- NA 1 E S1 Marshes & Wet Meadows Carex sterilis Dioecious Sedge G5 -- NA -- T S2 Marshes & Wet Meadows Coastal Plain Ponds Carex striata Walter's Sedge G4G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Peatlands Carex tetanica Fen Sedge G4G5 -- NA -- SC S3 Marshes & Wet Meadows Riparian Forest Carex trichocarpa Hairy-fruited Sedge G4 -- NA -- SC S2 Marshes & Wet Meadows Riparian Forest Carex tuckermanii Tuckerman's Sedge G4 -- NA -- E S1 Vernal Pools Carex typhina Cat-tail Sedge G5 -- NA -- T S2 Riparian Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus American Slopes Celastrus scandens G5 -- NA IND T S3 Bittersweet Young Forests and Shrublands Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Cerastium nutans Nodding Chickweed G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Slopes Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Chamaelirium luteum Devil's-bit G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Chenopodium foggii Fogg's Goosefoot G2G3 -- NA 1 E S1 Slopes

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Common name will be proposed Narrow-leaved Claytonia virginica G5 -- NA 2 E S1 to change; current name is Riparian Forest Spring-beauty Narrow-leaved Spring Beauty Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Clematis occidentalis Purple Clematis G5 -- NA -- SC S2 Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Part of general pattern of Long-bracted Green Coeloglossum viride G5 -- NA -- -- S3 significant decline Young Forests & Shrublands Orchid in orchids in MA Scientific name will be proposed Coleataenia longifolia Long-leaved Panic- to change; current name is G5T5? -- NA 2 T S2 Coastal Plain Ponds ssp. longifolia grass Panicum rigidulum ssp. pubescens Common name will be proposed Conioselinum chinense Hemlock-parsley G5 -- NA -- SC S3 to change; current name is Marshes & Wet Meadows Hemlock Parsley Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Common name will be proposed Transitional Hardwoods- Corallorhiza odontorhiza Autumn Coral-root G5 -- NA -- SC S3 to change; current name is White Pine Upland Forest Autumn Coralroot Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Corema conradii Broom Crowberry G4 -- NA -- -- S3 Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Grasslands Coreopsis rosea Rose Coreopsis G3 -- NA 1 -- S3 Coastal Plain Ponds

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Common name will be proposed Riparian Forest Crassula aquatica Shore Pygmy-weed G5 -- NA -- T S2 to change; current name is Large & Mid-sized Rivers Pygmyweed Crataegus bicknellii Bicknell's Hawthorn NA -- NA 2 E S1 Grasslands Common name will be proposed Appalachian Bristle- Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Crepidomanes intricatum G4G5 -- NA 2 E S1 to change; current name is fern Slopes Trichomanes intricatum Grasslands Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Crocanthemum Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Bushy Rockrose G3 -- NA 1 -- S3 Proposed for de-listing dumosum Forest Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Cryptogramma stelleri Fragile Rock-brake G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Slopes Northern Hardwoods- Cynoglossum Northern Wild G5T4T Spruce-Fir Upland Forest virginianum var. -- NA 2 E S1 Comfrey 5 Transitional Hardwoods- boreale White Pine Upland Forest Common name will be proposed Engelmann's Cyperus engelmannii NA -- NA -- T S2 to change; current name is Lakes & Ponds Flatsedge Engelmann’s Umbrella-sedge Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Cyperus houghtonii Houghton's Flatsedge G4? -- NA 2(a) E S1 Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Grasslands

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Transitional Hardwoods- Common name will be proposed Ram's Head Lady's- White Pine Upland Forest Cypripedium arietinum G3 -- NA 1 E S1 to change; current name is slipper Central Hardwoods-White Ram’s-head Lady’s-slipper Pine Upland Forest Includes all varieties found in Northern Hardwoods- MA; NEPCoP status is 2 for var. Spruce-Fir Upland Forest makasin, IND for var. Transitional Hardwoods- 2/IN Cypripedium parviflorum Yellow Lady's-slipper G5 -- NA E S1 parviflorum White Pine Upland Forest D Currently, only var. makasin is Central Hardwoods-White listed; adding the other two Pine Upland Forest varieties is proposed Forested Swamps Forested Swamps Cypripedium reginae Showy Lady's-slipper G4 -- NA 3(a) E S2 Shrub Swamps Peatlands Laurentian Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Cystopteris laurentiana G3 -- NA 1 -- S2S3 Bladderfern Slopes G-rank is for the species as a whole; no G-rank is available for Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. glauca. Marshes & Wet Meadows Tussock Hairgrass G5 -- NA -- E S1 ssp. glauca Common name will be proposed Riparian Forest to change; current name is Tufted Hairgrass Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Northern Hardwoods- Large-bracted Tick- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Desmodium cuspidatum G5 -- NA 2 T S2 trefoil Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Dichanthelium G-rank is for the species as a Mattamuskeet Panic- dichotomum ssp. G5 -- NA 2 E S1 whole; no G-rank is available for Coastal Plain Ponds grass mattamuskeetense ssp. mattamuskeetense.

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats G-rank is for the species as a Grasslands whole; no G-rank is available for Central Hardwoods-White Dichanthelium ovale ssp. Commons’ Panic- ssp. pseudopubescens. G5 -- NA 2 SC S3 Pine Upland Forest pseudopubescens grass Common name will be proposed Pitch Pine-Oak Upland to change; current name is Forest Commons’s Panic-grass Dichanthelium Rough Panic-grass G4 -- NA 2 T S1 Grassland scabriusculum Dichanthelium Wright's Panic-grass G4 -- NA -- SC S3 Coastal Plain Ponds wrightianum Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Doellingeria infirma Cornel-leaved Aster G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Large & Mid-sized Rivers Elatine americana American Waterwort G4 -- NA 2 E S1 Lakes & Ponds Common name will be proposed Connecticut & Merrimack Eleocharis diandra Wright's Spike-sedge G2 -- NA 1 E S1 to change; current name is Mainstems Wright’s Spike-rush Common name will be proposed Riparian Forests Eleocharis intermedia Matted Spike-sedge G5 -- NA -- T S2 to change; current name is Large & Mid-sized Rivers Intermediate Spike-sedge G-rank is for the species as a Eleocharis microcarpa Tiny-fruited Spike- Coastal Plain Ponds G5 -- NA 2 E S1 whole; no G-rank is available for var. filiculmis sedge Grasslands var. filiculmis. Large & Mid-sized Rivers Eleocharis ovata Ovate Spike-sedge G5 -- NA IND E S1 Lakes & Ponds Few-flowered Spike- Eleocharis quinqueflora G5 -- NA -- E S1 Marshes & Wet Meadows sedge Three-angled Spike- Eleocharis tricostata G4 -- NA 2 E S1 Coastal Plain Ponds sedge Elymus villosus Hairy Wild Rye G5 -- NA IND E S1 Riparian Forest Common name will be proposed Equisetum scirpoides Dwarf Scouring Rush G5 -- NA -- SC S3 to change; current name is Riparian Forest Dwarf Scouring-rush

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Riparian Forest Eragrostis frankii Frank's Lovegrass G5 -- NA -- SC S3 Large & Mid-sized Rivers Eriocaulon parkeri Parker's Pipewort G3 -- NA 1 E S1 Large & Mid-sized Rivers Common name will be proposed Eriophorum gracile Slender Cotton-grass G5 -- NA -- T S2 to change; current name is Peatlands Slender Cottongrass Eupatorium novae- New England G5T1 -- NA 1 E S1 Coastal Plain Ponds angliae Boneset Part of general pattern of Northern Hardwoods- significant decline Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Galearis spectabilis Showy Orchid G5 -- NA -- -- S2S3 in orchids in MA; 7 current Transitional Hardwoods- occurrences White Pine Upland Forest Galium boreale Northern Bedstraw G5 -- NA -- E S1 Marshes & Wet Meadows Peatlands Galium labradoricum Labrador Bedstraw G5 -- NA 3(b) T S2 Marshes & Wet Meadows Shrub Swamps Gamochaeta purpurea Purple Cudweed G5 -- NA 4 E S1 Grasslands Andrews' Bottle Marshes & Wet Meadows Gentiana andrewsii G5? -- NA 2 E S1 Gentian Riparian Forest Peatlands Narrow-leaved Riparian Forests Gentiana linearis G4G5 -- NA -- -- S2? 8 current occurrences in MA Gentian Marshes & Wet Meadows Grasslands Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Geum fragarioides Barren Strawberry G5 -- NA -- SC S3 Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Northern Hardwoods- Dwarf Rattlesnake- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Goodyera repens G5 -- NA -- E S1 plantain Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Halenia deflexa Spurred Gentian G5 -- NA -- E SH Riparian Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Houstonia longifolia Long-leaved Bluet G4G5 -- NA -- E S1 Slopes Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Huperzia appressa Appalachian Fir-moss G5 -- NA IND E S1 Slopes

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Common name will be proposed Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Huperzia selago Mountain Fir-moss G5 -- NA 2 E S1 to change; current name is Slopes Mountain Firmoss Transitional Hardwoods- Hydrastis canadensis Golden Seal G3G4 -- NA 2 E S1 White Pine Upland Forest Hydrocotyle verticillata Saltpond Pennywort G5 -- NA 2 T S2 Salt Marsh Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Hydrophyllum canadense Broad Waterleaf G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Creeping St. John's- Hypericum adpressum G3 -- NA 1 T S2 Coastal Plain Ponds wort Common name will be proposed Large & Mid-sized Rivers Hypericum ascyron Great St. John's-wort G4 -- NA -- E S1 to change; current name is Connecticut & Merrimack Giant St. John’s-wort Mainstems Hypericum stragulum St. Andrew's Cross G5T4 -- NA 2 E S1 Grasslands Common name will be proposed Big-leaved Northern Hardwoods- Ilex montana G5 -- NA 2 E S1 to change; current name is Winterberry Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Mountain Winterberry Isoetes acadiensis Acadian Quillwort G3Q -- NA 1 E S1 Coastal Plain Ponds Isoetes lacustris Lake Quillwort G5 -- NA 3(b) E S1 Coastal Plain Ponds Transitional Hardwoods- Small Whorled White Pine Upland Forest Isotria medeoloides G2? LT NA 1 E S1 Pogonia Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Coastal Plain Ponds Peatlands Juncus debilis Weak Rush G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Peatlands Juncus filiformis Thread Rush G5 -- NA -- E S1 Marshes & Wet Meadows Lakes & Ponds Scientific name will be proposed Lachnanthes caroliniana Redroot G4 -- NA -- SC S3 to change; current name is Coastal Plain Ponds Lachnanthes caroliana

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Lathyrus palustris Marsh-pea G5 -- NA -- -- SNR 2 current occurrences in MA Islands Marshes & Wet Meadows Grasslands Common name will be proposed Lechea pulchella var. Beaded Pinweed G5T4 -- NA -- E S1 to change; current name is Bead Grasslands moniliformis Pinweed Leptochloa fusca ssp. Saltpond Grass G5T5 -- NA 2 T S1 Salt Marsh fascicularis Coastal Leymus mollis ssp. mollis Sea Lyme-grass G5T5 -- NA -- E S1 Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Grasslands Scientific name will be proposed Coastal New England Blazing to change; current name is Dunes/Beaches/Small Liatris novae-angliae G5?T3 -- NA 1 SC S3 Star Liatris scariosa var. novae- Islands angliae Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- Linnaea borealis ssp. Proposed to be listed as SC on White Pine Upland Forest American Twinflower G5T5 -- NA -- SC S3 americana the MESA list Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Forested Swamps Peatlands Linum intercursum Sandplain Flax G4 -- NA -- -- S3 Proposed for delisting Grasslands Common name will be proposed Linum medium var. Stiff Yellow Flax G5T5 -- NA 2 T S1 to change; current name is Rigid Grasslands texanum Flax Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Liparis liliifolia Lily-leaf Twayblade G5 -- NA 2 T S2 Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Part of general pattern of Peatlands Liparis loeselii Loesel’s Twayblade G5 -- NA -- -- SNR significant decline Marshes & Wet Meadows in orchids in MA Lakes & Ponds Coastal Plain Ponds Lipocarpha micrantha Dwarf Bulrush G5 -- NA -- T S2 Lakes & Ponds Riparian Forest Lobelia siphilitica Great Blue Lobelia G5 -- NA -- E S1 Marshes & Wet Meadows Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Lonicera hirsuta Hairy Honeysuckle G4G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Common name will be proposed Many-fruited Ludwigia polycarpa G4 -- NA 2 E S1 to change; current name is Riparian Forest Seedbox Many-fruited False-loosestrife Common name will be proposed Coastal Plain Ponds Round-fruited Ludwigia sphaerocarpa G5 -- NA 2 E S1 to change; current name is Large & Mid-sized Rivers Seedbox Round-fruited False-loosestrife Lakes & Ponds Rapid decline, due to woody Grasslands Lupinus perennis Wild Lupine G5 -- NA 3(a) -- S3S4 succession Young Forests & Shrublands and fire suppression Northern Hardwoods- Luzula parviflora ssp. Black-fruited Spruce-Fir Upland Forest G5T5 -- NA -- E S1 melanocarpa Woodrush Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Lycopodiella Foxtail Clubmoss G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Peatlands alopecuroides Common name will be proposed Taper-leaf Water- Forested Swamps Lycopus rubellus G5 -- NA 2 E S1S2 to change; current name is horehound Small Streams Gypsywort Forested Swamps Shrub Swamps Transitional Hardwoods- Lygodium palmatum Climbing Fern G4 -- NA -- SC S3 White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Common name will be proposed Magnolia virginiana Sweet Bay G5 -- NA 2 E S1 to change; current name is Forested Swamps Sweetbay Magnolia Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Common name will be proposed Central Hardwoods-White Bayard's Adder's Malaxis bayardii G1G2 -- NA 1 E S1 to change; current name is Pine Upland Forest Mouth Bayard’s Green Adder’s-mouth Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Grasslands Common name will be proposed Malaxis monophyllos var. Forested Swamps White Adder's Mouth G4Q -- NA 2(a) E S1 to change; current name is brachypoda Peatlands White Adder’s-mouth Green Adder’s Proposed to be listed as T on Forested Swamps Malaxis unifolia G5 -- NA -- T S2? Mouth the MESA list Marshes & Wet Meadows Coastal Mertensia maritima Oysterleaf G5 -- NA 3(b) E S1 Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Northern Hardwoods- Common name will be proposed Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Milium effusum Woodland-millet G5 -- NA -- T S2 to change; current name is Transitional Hardwoods- Woodland Millet White Pine Upland Forest Winged Monkey- Riparian Forest Mimulus alatus G5 -- NA 2(a) E S1 flower Marshes & Wet Meadows Proposed to go from E to T on Marshes & Wet Meadows Mimulus moschatus Muskflower G5 -- NA 2 T S1 the MESA list Riparian Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Minuartia michauxii Michaux's Sandwort G5 -- NA -- T S2 Slopes Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Large-leaved Slopes Moehringia macrophylla G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Sandwort Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Shrub Swamps Moneses uniflora One-flowered Pyrola G5 -- NA -- SC S2S3 Propose to be listed as SC Forested Swamps

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Morus rubra Red Mulberry G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Common name will be proposed Myriophyllum to change; current name is Slender Water-milfoil G5 -- NA -- E S1 Lakes & Ponds alterniflorum Alternate-flowered Water- milfoil Farwell's Water- Myriophyllum farwellii G5 -- NA -- E S1 Lakes & Ponds milfoil Myriophyllum pinnatum Pinnate Water-milfoil G5 -- NA 2 SC S2 Lakes & Ponds Common name will be proposed Myriophyllum Whorled Water- G5 -- NA -- E S1 to change; current name is Lakes & Ponds verticillatum milfoil Comb Water-milfoil Grasslands Nabalus serpentarius Lion's Foot G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Proposed for listing as T on the Peatlands Neottia bifolia Southern Twayblade G4 -- NA 2 T S1 MESA list Forested Swamps Scientific name will be proposed Neottia cordata Heartleaf Twayblade G5 -- NA 3(b) E S1 to change; current name is Peatlands Listera cordata Connecticut & Merrimack G5T4T Nuphar microphylla Tiny Cow-lily -- NA -- E S1 Mainstems 5 Large & Mid-sized Rivers Common name will be proposed Upland White Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Oligoneuron album G5 -- NA 2 E S1 to change; current name is Goldenrod Slopes Upland White Aster Common name will be proposed Marshes & Wet Meadows Ophioglossum pusillum Adder's Tongue Fern G5 -- NA 3(a) T S2 to change; current name is Peatlands Adder’s-tongue Fern Common name will be proposed Coastal Opuntia humifusa Eastern Prickly Pear G5 -- NA -- E S1 to change; current name is Dunes/Beaches/Small Prickly Pear Islands Lakes & Ponds Orontium aquaticum Golden Club G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Peatlands

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Northern Hardwoods- Substantial decline; Spruce-Fir Upland Forest One-sided Orthilia secunda G5 -- NA -- -- SNR possibly only 2 current Transitional Hardwoods- Wintergreen occurrences in MA White Pine Upland Forest Forested Swamps Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Oxalis violacea Violet Wood-sorrel G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- Common name will be proposed White Pine Upland Forest Panax quinquefolius American Ginseng G3G4 -- NA 1 SC S3 to change; current name is Central Hardwoods-White Ginseng Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Panicum philadelphicum Gattinger's Panic- G4 -- NA IND SC S2 Slopes ssp. gattingeri grass Grasslands G-rank is for Panicum gattingeri; the G-rank for the taxon P. Panicum philadelphicum Philadelphia Panic- G4 -- NA -- SC S3 philadelphicum ssp. Coastal Plain Ponds ssp. philadelphicum grass philadelphicum has not been determined. Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Paronychia argyrocoma Silverling G4 -- NA 2(a) E S1 Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Marshes & Wet Meadows Pedicularis lanceolata Swamp Lousewort G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Shrub Swamps Common name will be proposed Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Penstemon hirsutus Hairy Beard-tongue G4 -- NA -- E S1 to change; current name is Hairy Slopes Beardtongue

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Common name will be proposed Pondshore Persicaria puritanorum NA -- NA 2 SC S3 to change; current name is Coastal Plain Ponds Smartweed Pondshore Knotweed Common name will be proposed Persicaria setacea Swamp Smartweed G5 -- NA 2 T S2 to change; current name is Coastal Plain Ponds Strigose Knotweed Petasites frigidus var. Sweet Coltsfoot G5T5 -- NA -- E S1 Forested Swamps palmatus Part of general pattern of Peatlands Platanthera aquilonis North Wind Orchid G5 -- NA -- -- SNR significant decline Marshes & Wet Meadows in orchids in MA Forested Swamps Common name will be proposed Crested Fringed Platanthera cristata G5 -- NA 2 E S1 to change; current name is Marshes & Wet Meadows Orchid Crested Fringed Orchis Common name will be proposed Marshes & Wet Meadows Platanthera dilatata Leafy White Orchid G5 -- NA -- T S2 to change; current name is Leafy Peatlands White Orchis Common name will be proposed Platanthera flava var. G4?T4 Pale Green Orchid -- NA -- T S2 to change; current name is Pale Marshes & Wet Meadows herbiola Q Green Orchis Northern Hardwoods- Part of general pattern of Spruce-Fir Upland Forest significant decline Transitional Hardwoods- Platanthera hookeri Hooker’s Orchid G4 -- NA -- -- S2? in orchids in MA White Pine Upland Forest 3 current occurrences Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Part of general pattern of significant decline Peatlands Northern Green Platanthera huronensis G5T5? -- NA IND -- S2? in orchids in MA Marshes & Wet Meadows Orchid Synonym: Platanthera Riparian Forests hyperborea var. huronensis

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Part of general pattern of significant decline Northern Hardwoods- Large Round-leaved in orchids in MA Platanthera macrophylla G5T4 -- NA -- -- S2? Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Orchid 4 current occurrences Forested Swamps Synonym: Platanthera orbiculata var. macrophylla Peatlands Part of general pattern of Northern Hardwoods- significant decline Platanthera orbiculata Round-leaved Orchid G5 -- NA -- -- S1S2 Spruce-Fir Upland Forest in orchids in MA Forested Swamps 5 current occurrences Marshes & Wet Meadows Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest G-rank is for the species as a Poa saltuensis ssp. Central Hardwoods-White Drooping Speargrass G5 -- NA 2 E S2 whole; no G-rank is available for languida Pine Upland Forest ssp. languida. Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Coastal Polygonum glaucum Sea-beach Knotweed G3 -- NA 1 SC S3 Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Northern Hardwoods- Polystichum braunii Braun's Holly-fern G5 -- NA -- E S1 Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Forested Swamps Populus heterophylla Swamp Cottonwood G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Vernal Pools Common name will be proposed Potamogeton Tuckerman’s Lakes & Ponds G4 -- NA -- T S2 to change; current name is confervoides Pondweed Peatlands Algae-like Pondweed Potamogeton friesii Fries' Pondweed G5 -- NA -- E S1 Lakes & Ponds Potamogeton Lakes & Ponds Budding Pondweed G5T3 -- NA 1 -- S2? gemmiparus Large & Mid-sized Rivers Potamogeton hillii Hill's Pondweed G3 -- NA 1 SC S3 Lakes & Ponds Potamogeton ogdenii Ogden's Pondweed G1G2 -- NA 1 E S1 Lakes & Ponds Straight-leaved Potamogeton strictifolius G5 -- NA -- E S1 Lakes & Ponds Pondweed Potamogeton vaseyi Vasey's Pondweed G4 -- NA -- E S1 Lakes & Ponds

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Connecticut & Merrimack Prunus pumila var. Sandbar Cherry G5T5 -- NA -- T S2 Mainstems depressa Large & Mid-sized Rivers Pyrola asarifolia ssp. Peatlands Pink Pyrola G5T5 -- NA -- E SH asarifolia Forested Swamps Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak G5 -- NA -- SC S3 Forested Swamps Central Hardwoods-White Quercus muehlenbergii Yellow Oak G5 -- NA -- T S2 Pine Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Common name will be proposed Small-flowered Central Hardwoods-White Ranunculus micranthus G5 -- NA 2 E S1 to change; current name is Tiny- Buttercup Pine Upland Forest flowered Buttercup Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Ranunculus Bristly Buttercup G5 -- NA -- SC S2 Riparian Forest pensylvanicus Common name will be proposed Maryland Meadow- Rhexia mariana G5 -- NA 2 E S1 to change; current name is Coastal Plain Ponds beauty Maryland Meadow Beauty Forested Swamps Rhododendron maximum Great Laurel G5 -- NA -- T S1S2 Peatlands Rhynchospora capillacea Capillary Beak-sedge G4 -- NA 2 E S1 Marshes & Wet Meadows Inundated Horned- Rhynchospora inundata G4? -- NA 2 T S2 Coastal Plain Ponds sedge Short-beaked Bald- Rhynchospora nitens G4? -- NA 2 T S2 Coastal Plain Ponds sedge Long-beaked Bald- Rhynchospora scirpoides G4 -- NA -- SC S3 Coastal Plain Ponds sedge Rhynchospora torreyana Torrey's Beak-sedge G4 -- NA 2 E S1 Coastal Plain Ponds Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Ribes lacustre Bristly Black Currant G5 -- NA -- SC S3 Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Northern Prickly Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Rosa acicularis ssp. sayi G5T5 -- NA 2 E S1 Rose Slopes

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Coastal Plain Ponds Rotala ramosior Toothcup G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Lakes & Ponds Coastal Rumex pallidus Seabeach Dock G4 -- NA -- T S2 Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Forested Swamps Rumex verticillatus Swamp Dock G5 -- NA -- T S1S2 Riparian Forest Shrub Swamps Sabatia campanulata Slender Marsh Pink G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Coastal Plain Ponds Sabatia kennedyana Plymouth Gentian G3 -- NA 1 SC S3 Coastal Plain Ponds Sabatia stellaris Sea Pink G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Coastal Plain Ponds Riparian Forest Sagittaria cuneata Wapato G5 -- NA -- T S2 Large & Mid-sized Rivers Sagittaria montevidensis Connecticut & Merrimack Estuary Arrowhead G5T4 -- NA -- E S1 ssp. spongiosa Mainstems Sagittaria teres Terete Arrowhead G3 -- NA 1 SC S3 Coastal Plain Ponds Connecticut & Merrimack Salix exigua ssp. interior Sandbar Willow G5 -- NA -- T S2 Mainstems Northern Hardwoods- Sanicula canadensis Canadian Sanicle G5 -- NA -- T S2 Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Forested Swamps Northern Hardwoods- Common name will be proposed Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Sanicula odorata Clustered Sanicle G5 -- NA -- T S2 to change; current name is Transitional Hardwoods- Long-styled Sanicle White Pine Upland Forest Riparian Forest Scheuchzeria palustris Pod-grass G5 -- NA -- E S1 Peatlands Scirpus ancistrochaetus Northeastern Bulrush G3 LE NA 1 E S1 Marshes & Wet Meadows Scirpus longii Long's Bulrush G2G3 -- NA 1 T S2 Marshes & Wet Meadows Common name will be proposed Scleria pauciflora Papillose Nut-sedge G5 -- NA 2 E S2 to change; current name is Grasslands Papillose Nut Sedge Scleria triglomerata Tall Nut-sedge G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Grasslands Common name will be proposed One-flower Sclerolepis uniflora G4 -- NA 2 E S1 to change; current name is Lakes & Ponds Sclerolepis Sclerolepis

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Senna hebecarpa Wild Senna G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Grasslands Salt Marsh Coastal Setaria parviflora Bristly Foxtail G5 -- NA -- SC S3 Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Grasslands Silene caroliniana ssp. G5T4T Young Forests & Shrublands Wild Pink -- NA -- -- S2S3 5 current occurrences in MA pensylvanica 5 Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Sandplain Blue-eyed Sisyrinchium fuscatum G5? -- NA -- SC S3 Grasslands Grass Sisyrinchium Slender Blue-eyed G5 -- NA -- E S1 Marshes & Wet Meadows mucronatum Grass Northern Hardwoods- Large-leaved Proposed to go from T to SC on Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Solidago macrophylla G5 -- NA -- SC S2 Goldenrod the MESA list Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Transitional Hardwoods- Solidago simplex ssp. G5TN White Pine Upland Forest Rand's Goldenrod -- NA 3(b) E S1 randii var. monticola R Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Northern Hardwoods- Northern Mountain- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Sorbus decora G4G5 -- NA -- E S1 ash Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Sparganium natans Small Bur-reed G5 -- NA 3(b) E S1 Lakes & Ponds Spartina cynosuroides Salt Reedgrass G5 -- NA 2 T S2 Salt Marsh Transitional Hardwoods- Common name will be proposed White Pine Upland Forest Sphenopholis nitida Shining Wedgescale G5 -- NA 2(a) T S2 to change; current name is Central Hardwoods-White Shining Wedgegrass Pine Upland Forest Common name will be proposed Sphenopholis Swamp Wedgescale G4 -- NA 2 T S1S2 to change; current name is Marshes & Wet Meadows pensylvanica Swamp Oats Spiranthes Hooded Ladies'- G5 -- NA -- E S1 Marshes & Wet Meadows romanzoffiana tresses

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Grass-leaved Ladies'- Spiranthes vernalis G5 -- NA -- T S2 Grasslands tresses Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Sporobolus neglectus Small Dropseed G5 -- NA 2 E S2 Slopes Coastal Suaeda calceoliformis American Sea-blite G5 -- NA 2 SC S2S3 Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Salt Marsh Suaeda maritima ssp. Coastal Rich’s Sea-blite G5T3 -- NA 1 -- S2S3 richii Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Symphoricarpos albus Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Snowberry G5T5 -- NA -- E S1 var. albus Slopes Symphyotrichum Eastern Silvery Aster G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Grasslands concolor Symphyotrichum Recently rediscovered in MA; 1 Grasslands Willow Aster G5 -- NA 2 -- S1 praealtum current occurrence Marshes & Wet Meadows Riparian Forest Common name will be proposed Northern Hardwoods- Symphyotrichum Crooked-stemmed G4G5 -- NA 2 SC S2 to change; current name is Spruce-Fir Upland Forest prenanthoides Aster Crooked-stem Aster Transitional Hardwoods- White Pine Upland Forest Symphyotrichum Connecticut & Merrimack Tradescant's Aster G4Q -- NA -- T S2 tradescantii Mainstems Thuja occidentalis Arborvitae G5 -- NA -- E S1 Forested Swamps Central Hardwoods-White Tipularia discolor Cranefly Orchid G4G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Trichostema brachiatum False Pennyroyal G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Slopes Triosteum perfoliatum Broad Tinker's-weed G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Grasslands Northern Hardwoods- Scientific name will be proposed Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Triphora trianthophoros Nodding Pogonia G3G4 -- NA -- E S1 to change; current name is Transitional Hardwoods- Triphora trianthophora White Pine Upland Forest Tripsacum dactyloides Northern Gama-grass G5 -- NA -- E S1 Salt Marsh

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

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MESA

RSGCN NEPCoP

Globally Globally Other Concerns/ State Ran State Scientific Name Common Name List Federal Comments SWAP Habitats Common name will be proposed Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Trisetum spicatum Narrow False Oats G5 -- NA -- E S1 to change; current name is Slopes Spiked False Oats Resupinate Utricularia resupinata G4 -- NA -- T S2 Lakes & Ponds Bladderwort Common name will be proposed Utricularia subulata Slender Bladderwort G5 -- NA 2 SC S3 to change; current name is Coastal Plain Ponds Subulate Bladderwort Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Mountain Cranberry G5T5 -- NA 3(b) E S1 minus Slopes Narrow-leaved Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Verbena simplex G5 -- NA 2 E S1 Vervain Slopes Sessile Water- Veronica catenata NA -- NA 2 E S1 Marshes & Wet Meadows speedwell Veronicastrum virginicum Culver's-root G4 -- NA IND T S2 Marshes & Wet Meadows Northern Hardwoods- Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Viburnum Transitional Hardwoods- Downy Arrowwood G5 -- NA -- E S1 rafinesquianum White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Viola adunca Sand Violet G5 -- NA -- SC S3 Grasslands Includes Viola pectinata; Marshes & Wet Meadows Viola brittoniana Britton's Violet G4G5 -- NA 1/2 T S1 NEPCoP status for V. brittoniana Riparian Forest is 2; status for V. pectinata is 1. Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Woodsia glabella Smooth Woodsia G5 -- NA 2(a) E S1 Slopes

Abbreviations:  Global Rank: These are the conservation status ranks as defined by NatureServe (NatureServe 2014). Ranks considered globally rare (G1 through G3G4) are in bold in the table above.

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

Basic Ranks Rank Definition Presumed Extinct (species) — Not located despite intensive searches and virtually no likelihood of rediscovery. GX Eliminated (ecological communities)—Eliminated throughout its range, with no restoration potential due to extinction of dominant or characteristic species. Possibly Extinct (species) — Missing; known from only historical occurrences but still some hope of rediscovery. GH Presumed Eliminated — (Historic, ecological communities) - Presumed eliminated throughout its range, with no or virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered, but with the potential for restoration, for example, American Chestnut (Forest). G1 Critically Imperiled — At very high risk of extinction due to extreme rarity (often 5 or fewer populations), very steep declines, or other factors. G2 Imperiled — At high risk of extinction due to very restricted range, very few populations (often 20 or fewer), steep declines, or other factors. Vulnerable — At moderate risk of extinction due to a restricted range, relatively few populations (often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread declines, G3 or other factors. G4 Apparently Secure — Uncommon but not rare; some cause for long-term concern due to declines or other factors. G5 Secure — Common; widespread and abundant.

Variant Ranks Rank Definition Range Rank—A numeric range rank (e.g., G2G3) is used to indicate the range of uncertainty in the status of a species or community. Ranges cannot G#G# skip more than one rank (e.g., GU should be used rather than G1G4). Unrankable—-Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially conflicting information about status or trends. Whenever GU possible, the most likely rank is assigned and the question mark qualifier is added (e.g., G2?) to express uncertainty, or a range rank (e.g., G2G3) is used to delineate the limits (range) of uncertainty. GNR Unranked—Global rank not yet assessed. GNA Not Applicable—A conservation status rank is not applicable because the species is not a suitable target for conservation activities.

Rank Qualifiers Rank Definition ? Inexact Numeric Rank—Denotes inexact numeric rank (e.g., G2?) Questionable taxonomy—Taxonomic distinctiveness of this entity at the current level is questionable; resolution of this uncertainty may result in Q change from a species to a subspecies or hybrid, or the inclusion of this taxon in another taxon, with the resulting taxon having a lower-priority conservation priority. C Captive or Cultivated Only—At present extant only in captivity or cultivation, or as a reintroduced population not yet established.

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

Infraspecific Taxon Conservation Status Ranks Infraspecific taxa refer to subspecies, varieties and other designations below the level of the species. Infraspecific taxon status ranks (T-ranks) apply to plants and animal species only; these T-ranks do not apply to ecological communities. Rank Definition Infraspecific Taxon (trinomial)—The status of infraspecific taxa (subspecies or varieties) are indicated by a "T-rank" following the species' global rank. Rules for assigning T-ranks follow the same principles outlined above for global conservation status ranks. For example, the global rank of a critically imperiled subspecies of an otherwise widespread and common species would be G5T1. A T-rank cannot imply the subspecies or variety is more T# abundant than the species as a whole-for example, a G1T2 cannot occur. A vertebrate animal population, such as those listed as distinct population segments under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, may be considered an infraspecific taxon and assigned a T-rank; in such cases a Q is used after the T- rank to denote the taxon's informal taxonomic status.

 Federal List: Legal status under the federal Endangered Species Act of 1973. LE: endangered. A species "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range." LT: threatened. A species "likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range."

 RSGCN: Species on the regional list of Species of Greatest Conservation Need (Terwilliger Consulting, Inc., and the Northeast Fish and Wildlife Diversity Technical Committee, 2013).

 NEPCoP: Status in the 2013 New England Flora Conservanda (Brumback and Gerke 2013). The numbers refer to the divisions designated in the Flora Conservanda. Division 1: Globally rare taxa occurring in New England. Division 2: Regionally rare taxa. Generally, these taxa have 20 or fewer current occurrences in the region. Some Division 2 taxa may have more than 20 occurrences, but they are included because they are “vulnerable to extirpation due to other important factors (population size and trends, area of occupancy, overall viability, geographic distribution, habitat rarity and integrity, and/or degree of protection).” Taxa in this last category are labeled 2(a). Division 3: Locally rare taxa. “These taxa may be declining in a significant part of their range in New England, or may have one or more occurrences of biological, ecological, or possible genetic significance. Division 3(a) are those taxa that have documented decline in a substantial portion of their range in New England, e.g. southern New England…. Division 3(b) taxa are those that, based on their biology and geography within New England, have populations that are disjunct to such a degree that genetic isolation is suspected….For Division 3(b), only selected occurrences in a particular state are of conservation concern for the purposes of the Flora Conservanda list, not all occurrences of the taxon throughout New England.” Only when a 3(a) or 3(b) status applies to Massachusetts is it listed in this column. Division 4: Historical taxa. Not observed in New England in the past 20 to 25 years. Division Indeterminate (IND): Indeterminate taxa. These taxa are under review; their regional status is not yet determined.

 MESA: Legal status under the Massachusetts Endangered Species Act (MGL c. 131A). E: Endangered T: Threatened SC: Special Concern

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

 State Rank: These are the conservation status ranks as defined by NatureServe (NatureServe, 2014). Ranks considered rare (S1 through S3S4) are in bold in the table above.

Subnational (S) Conservation Status Ranks Status Definition Presumed Extirpated—Species or community is believed to be extirpated from the state/province. Not located despite intensive searches of historical SX sites and other appropriate habitat, and virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered. Possibly Extirpated (Historical)—Species or community occurred historically in the state/province, and there is some possibility that it may be rediscovered. Its presence may not have been verified in the past 20-40 years. A species or community could become SH without such a 20-40 year SH delay if the only known occurrences in a state/province were destroyed or if it had been extensively and unsuccessfully looked for. The SH rank is reserved for species or communities for which some effort has been made to relocate occurrences, rather than simply using this status for all elements not known from verified extant occurrences. Critically Imperiled—Critically imperiled in the state/province because of extreme rarity (often 5 or fewer occurrences) or because of some factor(s) S1 such as very steep declines making it especially vulnerable to extirpation from the state/province. Imperiled—Imperiled in the state/province because of rarity due to very restricted range, very few populations (often 20 or fewer), steep declines, or S2 other factors making it very vulnerable to extirpation from the state/province. Vulnerable—Vulnerable in the state/province due to a restricted range, relatively few populations (often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread S3 declines, or other factors making it vulnerable to extirpation. S4 Apparently Secure—Uncommon but not rare; some cause for long-term concern due to declines or other factors. S5 Secure—Common, widespread, and abundant in the state/province. SNR Unranked—State/province conservation status not yet assessed. SU Unrankable—Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially conflicting information about status or trends. SNA Not Applicable —A conservation status rank is not applicable because the species is not a suitable target for conservation activities. S#S# Range Rank —A numeric range rank (e.g., S2S3) is used to indicate any range of uncertainty

 Other Concerns/Comments:  The RSGCN ranks – low, moderate, high, very high – for regional responsibility and regional concern are derived from Terwilliger Consulting and Northeast Fish and Wildlife Diversity Technical Committee, 2013. These ranks are only available for vertebrates, freshwater mussels, tiger beetles, and federally listed invertebrates.  Birds: These notes refer to selected information from the Massachusetts Breeding Bird Atlas, the Breeding Bird Surveys, and various bird conservation plans, where the information influenced the decision to list a species as a SGCN.  Synonyms: Recently or commonly used scientific name synonyms are listed here. If the SGCN is listed under MESA, the names used on the MESA list are given precedence.  Other notes are given if relevant to selection as a SGCN.

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

C: Changes in SGCN since 2005 SWAP

Table 3-2, below, summarizes the changes in Massachusetts SGCN since the 2005 SWAP.

Table 3-2: Summary of Changes to SGCN List.

2005 Swap 2015 Update Added since 2005 Deleted since 2005 Total number of species 262 570 339 31 Fishes 28 29 1 -- Amphibians 7 5 -- 2 Reptiles 19 20 1 -- Birds 63 95 36 4 Mammals 20 23 5 2 Invertebrates 125 115 13 23 Plants -- 283 283 --

Rationale for additions: it to be decreasing, both regionally and in Massachusetts.  Fishes:  Common Nighthawk: Very high ranking for  Spotfin Killifish: High regional responsibility regional concern. The Massachusetts Breeding and very high regional concern (Terwilliger Bird Atlas calls it very local and strongly Consulting and Northeast Fish and Wildlife declining. Diversity Technical Committee, 2013).  Marsh Wren: Because of its limited breeding  Reptiles: habitat, this species is considered to be local  Smooth Greensnake: Considered to be of high and vulnerable. regional concern.  Black-billed Cuckoo: Very high ranking for  Birds: regional concern. The Massachusetts  Northern Goshawk: Very high ranking for Breeding Bird Atlas calls it somewhat local and regional concern. The Massachusetts likely declining. Breeding Bird Atlas calls it local and likely  Olive-sided Flycatcher: Very high ranking for declining. regional concern. The Massachusetts  Blue-winged Teal: The Massachusetts Breeding Bird Atlas calls it very local and Breeding Bird Atlas calls it very local and strongly declining. strongly declining.  Bobolink: Very high ranking for regional  Great Egret: This species has been increasing concern. The Massachusetts Breeding Bird in numbers in recent years, but there are still Atlas calls it fairly widespread and likely very few breeding colonies in Massachusetts. increasing, but the Breeding Bird Survey data  Purple Sandpiper: Very high ranking for show it to be declining regionally. There is regional concern. concern that it is showing up at many sites  Semi-palmated Sandpiper: High ranking for because breeding birds are being pushed out regional concern. of suitable habitat by early mowing practices.  Cory’s Shearwater: Part of global pattern of  Horned Lark: High regional concern. The declines in colonial-nesting seabirds. Massachusetts Breeding Bird Atlas calls it local  Chimney Swift: High ranking for regional and strongly declining. concern. According to the Massachusetts  Rusty Blackbird: This is a Partners in Flight Breeding Bird Atlas, it is very widespread and (PIF) Watch List Species and of very high stable, but the Breeding Bird Survey data show regional concern.  Atlantic Puffin: Part of global pattern of declines in colonial-nesting seabirds.

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

 Wilson’s Snipe: High regional concern. It is  Bank Swallow: High regional concern. The deemed local and likely increasing by the Massachusetts Breeding Bird Atlas calls it Massachusetts Breeding Bird Atlas; it has also somewhat local and strongly declining. been shown to be increasing on  Cerulean Warbler: This is a Partners in Flight Massachusetts Breeding Bird Survey routes. Watch List species and of very high regional However, its breeding habitat is still very concern. limited.  Chestnut-sided Warbler: The Massachusetts  Red-throated Loon: Red-throated Loons, Breeding Bird Atlas calls this species which winter off the Massachusetts coast, are widespread and likely declining. of highest priority in the Waterbird Plan.  Willet: Very high regional concern. Although  Purple Finch: The Massachusetts Breeding the Massachusetts Breeding Bird Atlas showed Bird Atlas data show this species to be absent it to be strongly increasing, it is restricted to a from 227 blocks it bred in 25 years ago; the habitat, salt marsh, under threat from sea Atlas calls its current status fairly widespread level rise. and strongly declining.  Mammals:  Herring Gull: There are only a few breeding  Little Brown Myotis, Northern Long-eared Bat, colonies of this species in Massachusetts. Tricolored Bat: All three of these species were  Great Black-backed Gull: There are only a few virtually extirpated from Massachusetts by breeding colonies of this species in white-nose syndrome. All three were recently Massachusetts. added to the MESA list, at the Endangered  Black-and-white Warbler: The Massachusetts level, as a result. Breeding Bird Atlas calls this species very  Big Brown Bat: Because Big Brown Bats often widespread and likely declining. hibernate in hibernacula that are not likely to  Northern Gannet: May be part of global be affected by white-nose syndrome, they are pattern of declines in colonial-nesting likely not to be as heavily impacted as the seabirds. three bats above. However, the extent of  Nashville Warbler: The Massachusetts impact is as yet unknown and it seems Breeding Bird Atlas calls it local and strongly prudent to add them to the SWAP list at this declining. point.  Cliff Swallow: The Massachusetts Breeding  Northern Flying Squirrel: The current Bird Atlas calls this species local and strongly distribution of this species in Massachusetts is declining. not well understood; there have been few  Double-crested Cormorant: There are only a recent records. Given its apparent few breeding colonies of this species in preferences for northern forests, which are Massachusetts. likely to be affected by climate change at the  Red Phalarope: Part of global pattern of southern edge of their range in the state, it declines in Arctic-nesting shorebirds. seems likely this species’ distribution will be  Red-necked Phalarope: Part of global pattern affected as well. of declines in Arctic-nesting shorebirds.  Invertebrates:  Scarlet Tanager: High regional responsibility  Alewife Floater: The glochidial hosts for this and high regional concern. mussel are river herring, which are  Glossy Ibis: Highest priority in the Waterbird experiencing significant declines in recent Plan. years. Alewife Floater distribution in  Purple Martin: The Massachusetts Breeding Massachusetts seems to be tied to good Bird Atlas calls this species very local and connectivity; several hundred years of dam strongly declining. construction in the state has destroyed many  Sooty Shearwater: Ranked Near Threatened formerly intact herring runs. on the IUCN Red List. Part of global pattern of  Eastern Lampmussel: Surveys for mussels declines in colonial-nesting seabirds. over the past fifteen years have documented  Manx Shearwater: Part of global pattern of fewer sites for this species than some of the declines in colonial-nesting seabirds. other mussels on the MESA list. Further, it is often locally abundant in habitats supporting

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

MESA-listed mussels and may represent an many more. Therefore, it was removed from important indicator of habitat change. the MESA and SWAP lists.  Eastern Pearlshell: This mussel has been  Birds: designated of high concern regionally. Its  Sharp-shinned Hawk: Historical threats to this habitat is coldwater rivers and streams, which species have now diminished substantially and are threatened by warming caused by current trends in forest succession favor it as development and, probably, by climate well. The Massachusetts Breeding Bird Atlas change. Its life history characteristics – it is found it nesting in 123 more blocks than 25 very long-lived, up to a century – leave it years ago. Therefore, it has been removed vulnerable to rapid environmental changes. from both the MESA and the SWAP lists.  Sandplain Heterocampa: This was  Green Heron: This species is widespread rediscovered in Massachusetts in 2004 and is across Massachusetts and likely increasing, of conservation concern throughout its small according the Massachusetts Breeding Bird and fragmented global range. It was added to Atlas data. the MESA list in 2011.  Henslow’s Sparrow: Reconsideration of the  Walsh’s Anthophora: This bee is very historical and current data on occurrences of uncommon in Massachusetts. this species in Massachusetts has led to the  Macropis Cuckoo Bee: This parasitic bee is conclusion that it has never been a regular extremely rare globally. (non-vagrant, non-transient) component of  Oil-collecting Bees (three Macropis species): the state’s avifauna. Therefore, Massachusetts These bees are specialists on Lysimachia is proposing to delist this species under MESA (yellow loosestrifes) and are very uncommon and it no longer needs to be listed as a SGCN. in Massachusetts.  Willow Flycatcher: Breeding Bird Surveys and  Bumble Bees (four Bombus species): These the update of the Massachusetts Breeding four bees, formerly common and widespread Bird Atlas have shown this species to be in Massachusetts, have apparently suffered increasing significantly across the state in the severe declines in the past decade. past decade or so. Therefore, it no longer  Plants: needs listing as a SGCN.  All 283 plants in the 2015 SWAP were added  Mammals: since the 2005 SWAP. Most of these plants  Beach Vole: This has been removed from the are on the MESA list; others are known to be SGCN list because of the unresolved very rare or experiencing strong declines taxonomic issues. across the state in recent decades.  Harbor Porpoise: This species has recovered its numbers substantially on the Rationale for deletions: Massachusetts coast over the past 15 years and no longer needs listing as a SGCN.  Amphibians:  Invertebrates:  Four-toed Salamander: Increased and more  Mount Everett Pond Sponge: Although this effective survey efforts over the past decade species is given a G-rank of G3 by NatureServe, have led to the documentation of many new little is known about it in Massachusetts and it populations of this species, with a total of at is certainly undersurveyed in the state. least 240 populations across most of the state. Without more information on its status in As a result, Massachusetts has delisted this Massachusetts, it seems prudent to drop it species from protection under MESA and it no from the SWAP list in order to focus longer needs listing as a SGCN. conservation actions on better-known species.  Spring Salamander: This species’ range in  Stoneflies: These species were removed Massachusetts is largely in the hilly western because there are insufficient data to part of the state, where development pressure determine their status in Massachusetts. is low and significant acreage is conserved as  Walker’s Limpet: Recent molecular data protected open space. Fifty-four occurrences indicate this species is conspecific with the have been documented, with the likelihood of more common Fragile Ancylid (Ferrissia

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

fragilis). Therefore, it was removed from the the SWAP list. Also, its known locations in MESA and SWAP lists. Massachusetts are also the sites for several  Olive Vertigo: Surveys in the past decade have other Enallagma which remain on the SWAP revealed there to be at least 24 occurrences of list. this species in Massachusetts, with many more  Sylvan Hygrotus Diving Beetle: At the time of likely. The species appears to be widespread the 2005 SWAP, the G-rank for this species across the state and to have broader habitat was GH. Currently, the G-rank is GU. Because tolerance than previously thought. Therefore, the status of this species is unknown and it was removed from the MESA and SWAP because so little is known about diving beetles lists. in general in Massachusetts, it is not  Vernal Physa: Although this species is given a appropriate to designate this as a SGCN at this G-rank of G3 by NatureServe, little is known time. about it in Massachusetts and it is certainly  Spiny Oakworm: Recent field work indicates undersurveyed in the state. Without more that this species is abundant and secure on information on its status in Massachusetts, it Nantucket, Martha’s Vineyard, the seems prudent to drop it from the SWAP list in Massachusetts Military Reservation at the order to focus conservation actions on better- base of Cape Cod, and in the Plymouth County known species. Also, its habitat (vernal pools) pitch pine/scrub oak barrens. In addition, on is targeted by several other SWAP species. the vineyard, it has broad habitat and host  Feminine Clam Shrimp: It is unclear whether preferences. Therefore, it was removed from this species is native to Massachusetts and, for the MESA and SWAP lists. that matter, exactly what its distribution in  Coastal Plain Apamea Moth: This species has Massachusetts is, because it is very not been documented in Massachusetts in undersurveyed. Therefore, it has been over 32 years, despite extensive, targeted dropped from the SWAP list for lack of searches at the historical site and in other sufficient information. appropriate habitat. Therefore, it was  Zebra Clubtail: Increased and more effective removed from the MESA and SWAP lists. survey efforts over the past decade have led  Straight Lined Mallow Moth: The host plants to the documentation of many new for the larvae of this moth have recently been populations of this species. As a result, determined to be hazelnuts, which are Massachusetts has delisted this species from widespread and abundant species in many protection under MESA and it no longer needs habitats across the state. No negative trends listing as a SGCN. in population size, number of populations,  Arrow Clubtail: Increased and more effective amount of habitat, or state distribution have survey efforts over the past decade have led been documented. No threats have been to the documentation of many new documented to the persistence of this species populations of this species. As a result, in the state. Therefore, it was removed from Massachusetts has delisted this species from the MESA and SWAP lists. protection under MESA and it no longer needs  Three-lined Angle Moth: This species is listing as a SGCN. apparently extirpated from Massachusetts;  New England Bluet: Increased and more there have been no records in over 30 years. effective survey efforts over the past decade The site of the single previous occurrence has have led to the documentation of many new been surveyed multiple times. Therefore, it populations of this species, with a total of at was removed from the MESA and SWAP lists. least 80 populations across most of the state.  Oak Hairstreak: From the late 1990s to date, As a result, Massachusetts has delisted this this species has expanded its range across the species from protection under MESA and it no state, and is now only absent from Nantucket. longer needs listing as a SGCN. It is not restricted to undisturbed natural  Little Bluet: NatureServe has changed the habitats; adults nectar in old fields and vacant global rank of this species from G3G4 to G4. lots, powerline or pipeline cuts, abandoned Coupled with its relatively secure status in gravel pits and landfills, plant nurseries, and Massachusetts (S3), it has been dropped from

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

suburban yards. Therefore, it was removed from the MESA and SWAP lists.  A Noctuid Moth (Hadena ectypa): This species has expanded its range into southwestern New England (western Connecticut and western Massachusetts) by adapting to use a nonnative, weedy larval host plant, Silene vulgaris (Nelson 2012). It is likely that it uses this new host plant elsewhere, or will in the future, further expanding its geographic range and making its global status more secure.  Two-striped Cord Grass Moth: This species is undersurveyed, and a G-rank of G4 is probably more accurate than its current NatureServe G- rank of G3G4. This is based on a slow but steady accumulation of incidental records in Massachusetts when sampling in or near appropriate habitat (freshwater marshes). Targeted sampling would almost certainly prove that it is undersurveyed.  West Virginia White: A rank of G3G4 is probably more appropriate than its current NatureServe G-rank of G3?. Despite its apparent rarity and demonstrated threats across its range, this species has a several strongholds where it is currently ranked S3S4, including Massachusetts, Vermont, North Carolina, and Tennessee. Targeted survey effort would likely demonstrate S4 status in one or more of these states, and therefore G4 status as well.  Plain Schizura: This species is undersurveyed, and a G rank of G4 is probably more accurate. This is based on a slow but steady accumulation of incidental records in Massachusetts when sampling in or near appropriate habitat, which is various dry-soil habitats (sandplains or rocky summits and ridges). Targeted sampling would almost certainly prove that it is undersurveyed.  Northeastern Pine Zale: This is another species that was undersurveyed, but records accumulated and its status was changed from G3G4 to G4. In Massachusetts, it occurs throughout the southeastern part of the state (Plymouth, Barnstable, Dukes, and Nantucket counties), as well as in Essex County.

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

D: Comparison to Regional Lists

Animals  Fowler’s Toad: considered S4, apparently The regional list of Species of Greatest Conservation secure, in Massachusetts. Need (Terwilliger Consulting and Northeast Fish and  Birds Wildlife Diversity Technical Committee, 2013) covers  Cattle Egret: Only one nesting colony was vertebrates, freshwater mussels, tiger beetles, and found during the recent Massachusetts federally listed invertebrates from other taxonomic Breeding Bird Atlas. Thus, while this species groups. Each of the species on this list (abbreviated teeters on the edge of being a regular RSGCN) has been assigned a very high/high/low rank breeding species in the state, on balance it is for regional responsibility and regional concern. There not. are 366 species or subspecies on the regional list with  Little Blue Heron: This species appears to be high to very high rankings for both regional at the very northern edge of its breeding responsibility and regional concern. range in Massachusetts. Thus, on balance, it is not a regular breeder in the state. The Massachusetts list of SGCN includes 143 of the 366  Red-shouldered Hawk: widespread and taxa of regional SGCN (note that the Massachusetts list reasonably common as a breeding species; counts Blue-spotted and Jefferson Salamanders as two considered S4, apparently secure, in species, but the regional list counts them as one taxon). Massachusetts.  Veery: considered S5, secure, in Of the 366 taxa on the regional list of highest priority Massachusetts; described as very widespread SGCN, 200 do not occur regularly in Massachusetts as and likely increasing in the Massachusetts migrating, breeding, or over-wintering species, and Breeding Bird Atlas results. therefore were not included on the Massachusetts list  Brown Creeper: described as widespread and of SGCN. likely increasing in the Massachusetts Breeding Bird Atlas results; considered S5, Twenty-four other highest priority regional animal secure, in Massachusetts. SGCN, however, do occur regularly (or breed in very  Willow Flycatcher: considered S4, apparently small numbers) in Massachusetts, but were not secure, in Massachusetts. Described in the included on the Massachusetts SGCN list. The reasons Massachusetts Breeding Bird Atlas results as for these exclusions are given below: fairly widespread and strongly increasing.  Acadian Flycatcher: described in the  Fishes Massachusetts Breeding Bird Atlas results as  Mummichog: considered S5, secure, in local and strongly increasing. However, note Massachusetts. that it is ranked S2 in Massachusetts.  Redbreast Sunfish: considered S4, apparently  Yellow-breasted Chat: This species appears to secure, in Massachusetts. be at the very northern edge of its breeding  Amphibians range in Massachusetts. Thus, on balance, it is  Northern Dusky Salamander: considered S4S5, not a regular breeder in the state. apparently secure to secure, in Massachusetts.  Marbled Godwit: This is a very rare but  Northern Two-lined Salamander: considered regular migrant through the state and S5, secure, in Massachusetts. therefore not a regular component of the  Spring Salamander: This species’ range in Massachusetts avifauna. Massachusetts is largely in the hilly western  Clapper Rail: This is a rare, but possibly part of the state, where development pressure regular, breeding species in Massachusetts. is low and significant acreage is conserved as Ranked S2 both as a breeding species and as a protected open space. Fifty-four occurrences migrant. have been documented, with the likelihood of  Black-throated Blue Warbler: described as many more. Therefore, it was removed from fairly widespread and likely increasing in the the MESA and SWAP lists. results of the Massachusetts Breeding Bird Atlas.

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

 Blackburnian Warbler: a widespread and fairly Heritage & Endangered Species Program Plant Watch common breeding species in the western half List, but insufficient information is available to of Massachusetts, although quite sporadic in determine whether the taxon deserves inclusion as a the eastern half. SGCN. (This Watch List has no regulatory status; it is  Black-throated Green Warbler: described as simply a list of the plants NHESP botanists think may be widespread and likely increasing in the results of concern in the state, as a way to organize tracking of of the Massachusetts Breeding Bird Atlas. the taxa.) Note that this means there may very well be  Mammals additional plant taxa that could be on the  Star-nosed Mole: considered S5, secure, in Massachusetts SGCN list if sufficient field or herbarium Massachusetts. work were undertaken. The notes on county  Woodland Jumping Mouse: considered S5, distribution below come from Cullina et al. 2011. secure, in Massachusetts.  Hairy-tailed Mole: considered S5, secure, in  Amelanchier nantucketensis: considered S3S4, Massachusetts. between vulnerable and apparently secure, in  Beach Vole: As noted above, this has been Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List. removed from the SGCN list because of the  Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata: considered S4, unresolved taxonomic issues. apparently secure, in Massachusetts.  Harbor Porpoise: As noted above, this species  Athyrium asplenioides: considered S2? in has recovered its numbers substantially on the Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List. Massachusetts coast over the past 15 years  Bartonia paniculata: considered S4, apparently and no longer needs listing as a SGCN. secure, in Massachusetts.  Betula nigra: considered S3 in Massachusetts; on Plants the state plant Watch List.  The regional list of plants in need of conservation, Flora Bolboschoenus novae-angliae: considered S2? in Conservanda (Brumback and Gerke 2013), covers Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List. higher vascular plant taxa in the six New England  Botrychium oneidense: considered S1S2 in states. Each species on this list has been assigned to a Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List. division within the list, depending on its global,  Calamagrostis canadensis var. macouniana: the regional, or local rarity and other factors. There are status of this taxon in Massachusetts is 590 taxa on the 2013 Flora Conservanda. undetermined; on the state plant Watch List.  Cardamine concatenata: considered S4, apparently The Massachusetts list of SGCN includes 150 taxa secure, in Massachusetts. identified in the Flora Conservanda as Division 1  Cardamine maxima: considered S2? in through Division 4, and ten additional taxa identified as Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List. IND (as yet indeterminate status), for a total of 160  Carex bicknellii: considered S1S2 in plant species considered to be of regional concern. Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List.  Carex debilis: the status of this taxon in Of the 590 taxa in the Flora Conservanda, 350 do not Massachusetts is undetermined; on the state plant occur in Massachusetts, are Historic in the state, or are Watch List. not native to the state, and therefore were not  Carex eburnea: considered S3, vulnerable, in included on the Massachusetts list of SGCN (with the Massachusetts; known only from Berkshire County. exception of Seabeach Amaranth, which is being  Carex emoryi: considered S1 in Massachusetts; on reintroduced to the state). the state plant Watch List.  Carex molesta: considered S1S2 in Massachusetts; Seventy-one other regional plant species of on the state plant Watch List. conservation concern do occur in Massachusetts, but  Carex muehlenbergii var. enervis: considered S4, were not included on the Massachusetts SGCN list. apparently secure, in Massachusetts. These taxa are listed below. If the state rank (S-rank) of  Carex sparganioides: considered S3S4, somewhere a taxon is S4 or S5 in Massachusetts, the taxon is secure between vulnerable and apparently secure, in enough that its inclusion as a SGCN is not warranted. If Massachusetts. the S-rank has not been determined or is S1 through S3, the taxon is usually on the Massachusetts Natural

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

 Ceanothus herbaceus: the S-rank of this species is  Lactuca hirsuta: considered S2S3 in variously given as S4, SNR, and SE; nonetheless, it Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List. appears to be secure in the state.  Lechea minor: considered S2S3 in Massachusetts;  Cirsium horridulum var. horridulum: considered on the state plant Watch List. S2S3 in Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch  Lonicera sempervirens var. sempervirens: the List. status of this taxon in Massachusetts is  Crataegus schizophylla: considered S1 in undetermined; on the state plant Watch List. As Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List. this species is commonly offered in the nursery  Crataegus succulenta: the status of this taxon in trade, it is difficult to determine whether an Massachusetts is undetermined; known from two occurrence is native or exotic. counties.  Lythrum alatum ssp. alatum: considered S1? in  Cuscuta coryli: considered S1S2 in Massachusetts; Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List. on the state plant Watch List.  Muhlenbergia sobolifera: considered S4,  Cuscuta gronovii: the status of this taxon in apparently secure, in Massachusetts. Massachusetts is undetermined; it is documented  Oenothera fruticosa ssp. fruticosa: the status of from all counties. this taxon in Massachusetts is undetermined; it is  Cuscuta polygonorum: considered S1? in not clear if there are any native occurrences. Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List.  Paronychia canadensis: considered S4, apparently  Cyperus retrosus: considered S1? in secure, in Massachusetts. Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List.  Paronychia fastigiata var. fastigiata: the status of  Dicentra canadensis: considered S4, apparently this taxon in Massachusetts is undetermined; on secure, in Massachusetts. the state plant Watch List.  Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. acuminatum:  Paspalum setaceum var. psammophilum: considered S1? in Massachusetts; on the state considered S2S3 in Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List. plant Watch List.  Elymus macgregorii: considered S2? in  Phragmites americanus: the status of this taxon in Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List. Massachusetts is undetermined; on the state plant  Elymus villosus var. arkansanus: the status of this Watch List. taxon in Massachusetts is undetermined.  Pilea fontana: considered S3S4, between  Eleocharis rostellata: considered S2? in vulnerable and apparently secure, in Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List. Massachusetts.  Eleocharis tuberculosa: considered S4, apparently  Pityopsis falcata: considered S4, apparently secure, secure, in Massachusetts. in Massachusetts.  Euphorbia nutans: considered S4, apparently  Podophyllum peltatum: the status of this taxon in secure, in Massachusetts. Massachusetts is undetermined; it is unclear  Fuirena pumila: considered S3, vulnerable, in whether there are any native stands of it in the Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List. state.  Heteranthera dubia: considered S2S3 in  Polygonum erectum: considered S3S4, between Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List. vulnerable and apparently secure, in  Hudsonia tomentosa: considered S4, apparently Massachusetts. secure, in Massachusetts.  Ranunculus hispidus: the status of this taxon in  Hypopitys lanuginosa: the status of this taxon in Massachusetts is undetermined; it is known from Massachusetts is undetermined; only known from four counties. Barnstable County.  Rhododendron viscosum: considered S5, secure, in  Ilex glabra: considered S4, apparently secure, in Massachusetts. Massachusetts.  Ribes rotundifolium: considered S1? in  Juncus biflorus: considered S1? in Massachusetts; Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List. on the state plant Watch List.  Rorippa aquatica: the status of this taxon in  Juncus torreyi: the status of this taxon in Massachusetts is undetermined; it is only known Massachusetts is undetermined; on the state plant from Berkshire County. Watch List.

Massachusetts Chapter 3 2015 State Wildlife Action Plan Species of Greatest Conservation Need

 Rubus cuneifolius: considered S1S2 in Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List.  Sagina decumbens ssp. decumbens: the status of this taxon in Massachusetts is undetermined; on the state plant Watch List.  Salix candida: considered S3 in Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List.  Scirpus georgiana: considered S4?, apparently secure?, in Massachusetts.  Scutellaria parvula var. missouriensis: the status of this taxon in Massachusetts is undetermined; on the state plant Watch List.  Sorghastrum nutans: considered S4S5, apparently secure to secure, in Massachusetts.  Sparganium androcladum: considered S3? in Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List.  Stachys hispida: considered S4, apparently secure, in Massachusetts.  Stachys hyssopifolia: considered S3S4, between vulnerable and apparently secure, in Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List.  Triglochin maritima: considered S4, apparently secure, in Massachusetts.  Triosteum aurantiacum var. aurantiacum: considered S4, apparently secure, in Massachusetts.  Viola subsinuata: considered S1S2 in Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List.  Wolffiella gladiata: the status of this taxon in Massachusetts is undetermined; on the state plant Watch List.  Xyris smalliana: considered S3? in Massachusetts; on the state plant Watch List.