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GTC Heme Plus Report, Ph-Like 27 Technology Dr, Suite 100 Irvine, CA 92618 Tel: 1-949-450-9421 genomictestingcooperative.com Hematology Profile Plus Patient Name: Ordered By Date of Birth: Ordering Physician: Gender (M/F): Physician ID: Client: Accession #: Case #: Specimen Type: Body Site: Specimen ID: _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Ethnicity: Family History: MRN: Indication for Testing: Collected Time Reason for Malignant Neoplasm of Lung Date: : Referral: Received Time Tumor Type: Lung Date: : Reported Time Stage: T2B Date: : Test Description: This is a next generation sequencing (NGS) test to identify molecular abnormalities in DNA of 275 genes and RNA expression in 1408 genes implicated in hematologic neoplasms, including leukemia, lymphoma and MDS. Whenever possible, clinical relevance and implications of detected abnormalities are described below. Detected Genomic Alterations FIP1L1 JAK2 CHD2 KDM6A Expression of fusion mRNA: PAX5-ZCCHC7 Heterogeneity There is a dominant clone with JAK2 and KDM6A mutations. The FIP1L1 and CHD2 mutations are detected in subclones. Expression High expression of B-cell Markers (CD19, CD22, Expression of fusion PAX5-ZCCHC7 mRNA CD79A, CD79B) resulting from interstitial deletion at 9p13 High (40 fold) expression of CRLF2 mRNA CD19 exon 2 skipping in 2% of CD19 mRNA Diagnostic Implications These findings are consistent with the diagnosis of Philadelphia-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-Like-ALL). Prognostic Implications JAk2 Mutation Poor High CRLF2 Poor PAX5 fusion Poor FIP1L1 Unknown The professional and technical components of this assay were performed at Genomic Testing Cooperative, LCA, 27 Technology Drive, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618 (CLIA ID: 05D2111917). The assay is FDA cleared and the performance characteristics were established at this location and was .... 27 Technology Dr, Suite 100 Irvine, CA 92618 Tel: 1-949-450-9421 genomictestingcooperative.com KDM6A unknown CDH2 Unknown Relevant Genes with No Alteration ABL1, EPOR, TP53 Results Summary ▪ Mutations in JAK2, FIP1L1, KDM6A, and CDH2. ▪ Expression of a fusion mRNA PAX5-ZCCHC7 resulting from interstitial deletion at 9p13.2 ▪ RNA expression profile consistent with B-cell with significantly high expression level of CRLF2 mRNA - These findings are consistent with Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia. - The presence of JAK2 mutation and high CRLF2 suggests possible response to JAK2 inhibitors. Biological Relevance of Detected Alterations ▪ JAK2 is a kinase that is misregulated or mutated in a number of myeloproliferative diseases and cancers. The mutation V617F is the most clinically relevant variant, and is seen in around half of myeloproliferative disorders. The variant is a known activating mutation, and activated JAK2 is sufficient to drive myeloproliferative disorders in mouse models. V617F, while most recurrent, is not the only mechanism by which JAK2 can be activated in patients. JAK2 is now one of the first diagnostic markers tested upon diagnosis with a myeloproliferative disorder. JAK2, an intracellular kinase, is frequently altered by mutation or chromosomal rearrangement in hematologic malignancies. JAK2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cytokine signaling and requires a cognate receptor to respond to extracellular cytokine signaling (PMID: 25057888, 1848670). Activated JAK2 signaling is necessary for the normal production of blood cells such as erythrocytes and thrombocytes (PMID: 9590173). Activation of JAK2 leads to the recruitment and phosphorylation of downstream effectors, such as STAT3/5 and MAPK, enabling the translocation of these signaling molecules to the nucleus to activate transcription (PMID: 25057888). Gain- of-function mutations in JAK2 have been identified in patients with myeloproliferative disorders, including 95% of polycythemia vera and 50% of essential thrombocytopenia and myelofibrosis malignancies (PMID: 1583762, 23009934, 25629741), suggesting that JAK2 functions predominantly as an oncogene. JAK2 fusions and activating mutations have also been identified in various leukemias and lymphomas (PMID: 9360930, 18270328). The most commonly identified mutation is JAK2 V617F, an alteration that activates kinase activity by impairing the autoinhibitory domain of the kinase, leading to constitutive activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway (PMID: 17721432). Murine models engineered to express the JAK2 V617F mutation develop a myeloproliferative disorder (PMID: 28640953). While JAK2 mutations are rare in solid tumors, activation of the JAK2/STAT pathway has been found to be oncogenic in many tumor types (PMID: 26151455). The JAK2 kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib has been FDA-approved for the treatment of patients with high-risk myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera (PMID: 20843246). However, resistance to JAK2 inhibition has been found to occur via the formation of drug-resistant JAK1/JAK2 heterodimers (PMID: 22820254). Additional JAK2 inhibitors are currently being tested in preclinical and clinical trials to improve drug efficacy and reduce off-target effects (PMID: 28673391).JAK2/STAT inhibitors are currently available in clinical trials for the treatment of certain types of cancer. ▪ FIP1L1 (Factor Interacting With PAPOLA And CPSF1) gene is located at 4q12 and encodes for a subunit of the CPSF (cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor) complex that polyadenylates the 3' end of mRNA precursors. This gene, the homolog of yeast Fip1 (factor interacting with PAP), binds to U-rich sequences of pre-mRNA and stimulates poly(A) polymerase activity. Its N-terminus contains a PAP-binding site and its C-terminus an RNA-binding domain. An interstitial chromosomal deletion on 4q12 creates an in-frame fusion of human genes FIP1L1 and PDGFRA (platelet-derived growth factor receptor, alpha). The FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene encodes a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase that joins the first 233 amino acids of FIP1L1 to the last 523 amino acids of PDGFRA. This gene fusion and chromosomal deletion is the cause The professional and technical components of this assay were performed at Genomic Testing Cooperative, LCA, 27 Technology Drive, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618 (CLIA ID: 05D2111917). The assay is FDA cleared and the performance characteristics were established at this location and was .... 27 Technology Dr, Suite 100 Irvine, CA 92618 Tel: 1-949-450-9421 genomictestingcooperative.com of some forms of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). This syndrome, recently reclassified as chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), is responsive to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. ▪ CDH2 (Cadherin 2) gene is located at 18q12.1 and encodes for a classical cadherin and member of the cadherin superfamily. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate a calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule and glycoprotein. This protein plays a role in the establishment of left-right asymmetry, development of the nervous system and the formation of cartilage and bone. ▪ KDM6A: (LYSINE (K)-SPECIFIC DEMETHYLASE 6A) gene is located on the X chromosome and encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) protein. This protein catalyzes the demethylation of tri/dimethylated histone H3 and involved in chromatine remodeling. This gene belong to a family of genes that were found to be mutated in both solid and liquid tumors, including AML, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), T-all, MM, Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), TCC, breast, prostate, colon, esophageal, pancreas, endometrial, GBM, small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and RCC. KDM6A mutations in bladder carcinoma are quite common (20%–29%). Patients with activating mutation in KDM6A might be good candidate for therapy with KDM inhibitors. Drug Information ▪ RUXOLITINIB Ruxolitinib phosphate/ The phosphate salt form of ruxolitinib, an orally bioavailable Janus-associated kinase (JAK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulating activities. Ruxolitinib specifically binds to and inhibits protein tyrosine kinases JAK 1 and 2, which may lead to a reduction in inflammation and an inhibition of cellular proliferation. The JAK-STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway plays a key role in the signaling of many cytokines and growth factors and is involved in cellular proliferation, growth, hematopoiesis, and the immune response; JAK kinases may be upregulated in inflammatory diseases, myeloproliferative disorders, and various malignancies. (NCI Thesaurus) Jakafi is a kinase inhibitor indicated for treatment of: intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis, including primary myelofibrosis, post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis in adults. (1.1) polycythemia vera in adults who have had an inadequate response to or are intolerant of hydroxyurea. (1.2) steroid-refractory acute graft-versus- host disease in adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older (1.3) ▪ FEDRATINIB Fedratinib A selective small-molecule inhibitor of JAK2. INREBIC® is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk primary or secondary (post-polycythemia vera or post-essential thrombocythemia) myelofibrosis (MF). INREBIC is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of adult patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk primary or secondary (post-polycythemia vera or post-essential thrombocythemia) myelofibrosis (MF) (1). Potential Clinical Trials
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