Molybdenite in the Montezuma District of Central Colorado

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Molybdenite in the Montezuma District of Central Colorado GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 704 Molybdenite in the Montezuma District of Central Colorado Molybdenite in the Montezuma District of Central Colorado By George J. Neuerburg, Theodore Botinelly, and John R. Watterson GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 704 1974 United States Department of the Interior ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary Geological Survey V. E. McKelvey, Director Free on application to the U.S. Geological Survey, National Center, Reston, Va. 22092 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract·------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Mineralogy and distribution - Continued Introduction·------------------------------------------------------------------· 1 MineralogY------------------------------------··--··----------····------ 11 Acknowledgments ...... ----··----------··----·--·····-··-----······ 1 Distribution of molybdenite in the district....... 13 GeologY----------------------------------··--------------------··--------------···· 1 SummarY-----·------·--·-----------------------·--------------··-----------···--· 18 Mineralogy and distribution of molybdenite............ 11 References cited·------------------------··---------------------····--------· 20 ILLUSTRATIONS Page FIGURE 1. Index map of central and western Colorado, showing the Montezuma district in relation to the Colorado mineral belt·-··----···----··-···-----------------------------·-----------------------··-·------·····---------···--·--·---····--··--------· 2 2. Map showing molybdenum deposits in relation to Tertiary stocks and gravity contours................ 2 3. Map showing principal geologic elements of the Montezuma district... ---------····----···--·······--··--······-·--·· 4 4. Maps showing petrography of the Montezuma stock.... ---·-------------------------------------···---------··-·---·----···-·--··-· 6 5. Photograph showing dilatancy differentiate of fine-grained aplite....... ---··-----···---·-····-··--------·--·-·········· 7 6. Map showing concentration of Precambrian Silver Plume Granite intrusives along the Monte- zuma shear zone ...... -----------------·-------------·--------------------·-··----····------------···---------------------····------------------------· 8 7. Diagrams showing alteration zoning of porphyry-metal deposits........ ---------···----····-------·········-----------·· 9 8. Maps showing pervasive alteration of the Montezuma stock. ............... ---··-····-·········-·--·······---··············· 10 9. Map showing areas of known silver-lead-zinc veins·---------------·-----·-·--····--·····-·----------··-----------------------···---- 12 10. Diagram illustrating the independence of pyrite and molybdenite abundances among 25 olocks of unaltered aplite scattered over a small mine dumP------------------------··-·---··---··-····------------------------- 13 11. Graphs showing molybdenite and pyrite abundance distributions among the three principal porphyritic varieties of quartz monzonite composing the Montezuma stock .... ---------···------------··· 14 12. Maps showing the distribution of molybdenite and pyrite in the Montezuma stock as blip sur- faces ....... -----------------------------··---------------···-----···-·--------------··------·--·-------------···---------------------···-------------------·-···· 15 13. Diagrams showing molybdenite, pyrite, and bismuth blip curves for drill core from the line of the Roberts Tu:p.nel access shaft---------------------------------------···------------····------···--·----··---···-------------------······ 16 14. Diagram showing molybdenite, pyrite, and bismuth blip curves for samples along the Roberts Tunnel in the western third of the Montezuma stock. ............... ---··-·········-·-··------·------···-·-·····--------- 16 15. Map showing the distribution of veins containing bismuth minerals .. ------··-·----·-··-------------------------·-··· 17 16. Map showing the bismuth blip surface for the Montezuma stock....... ---··-···--·····-····---·-···----····----····---· 18 17. Map showing the distribution of veins containing specularite·---------------·-··-···------------------------····---·····--· 19 TABLES Page TABLE 1. Principal rock types of the Montezuma stock .... ---··----------·-·--····------------····---------------------------------------------·-·· 3 2. Molybdenite and pyrite variances in eight igneous rocks according to sample area, rock type, alteration, and weight of analyzed fragments·---------------------------····----····--------------------····----····---------- 14 III Molybdenite in the Montezuma District of Central Colorado By George J. Neuerburg, Theodore Botinelly, and John R. WaHerson ABSTRACT provides evidence to help locate probable por­ The Montezuma mining district, in the Colorado min­ phyry-molybdenum deposits in the district. eral belt, is defined by an assemblage of porphyry, ore, and altered rocks that originated in the venting of a ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Tertiary batholith through weak structures in Pre­ cambrian rocks. The ore consists of silver-lead-zinc Information regarding the character of rocks veins clustered on the propylitic fringe of a geometri­ at depth in the Montezuma district was ob­ cally complex system of altered rocks, which is centered tained largely through the kindness of other on the intersection of the Oligocene Montezuma stock people, beginning with the many who pros­ with the Montezuma shear zone of Precambrian an­ pected and mined the district from 1864 to cestry. Alteration chemistry conforms to the standard porphyry-metal model but is developed around several date. John A. Thomas, of AMAX Exploration, small intrusives strung out along the shear zone and Inc., permitted us to examine much drill core is expressed as a mottled pattern, rather than as the from the Geneva Creek cirque. Douglas N. usual thick concentric zones centered on one large plug. Stevens, of Earth Sciences, Inc., permitted us The distribution of trace amounts of molybdenite is to sample core from near Webster Pass. These consistent with the postulate of molybdenite deposits in the district, but the mottled alteration pattern may cores and parts of the Roberts Tunnel collec­ signify small and scattered, possibly very deep, depos­ tion, obtained for the U.S. Geological Survey its. Disseminated molybdenite is essentially coextensive by C. S. Robinson, were of exceptional value in with altered rock and increases slightly in quantity characterizing the pervasive alteration of the toward the inner alteration zones. Two groups of molyb­ district. Molybdenite distribution at depth in denite veins, associated with phyllic and potassic altera­ the western third of the stock was determined tion, represent possible diffuse halos of molybdenite deposits. One group of veins resembles the Climax and from the Roberts Tunnel collection, Denver Henderson deposits but was seen only in a small and Water Board drill core in the U.S. Geological isolated area of outcrops. The second group of molyb­ Survey core library, and from data obtained by denite veins is in a bismuth-rich part of the Montezuma P. K. Theobald in his visits to the Roberts Tun­ stock and underlies an area of bismuth veins; this nel access shaft. The bismuth analyses sum­ group records the passage of contact metasomatic ore fluids. Another bismuth-rich area is in the southeast marized herein were made by Eric P. Welsch corner of the stock in a region of bismuth veins and of the U.S. Geological Survey. may indicate a third group of molybdenite veins. GEOLOGY INTRODUCTION The Montezuma district, situated along the Molybdenite occurs in trace amounts in the Continental Divide just south of Loveland Pass, rocks and ores of the Montezuma district. Mo­ includes. one of the clusters of porphyry, ore, lybdenite mineralization is assigned to the and altered rock composing the Colorado min­ Oligocene porphyry-ore association of the Colo­ eral belt (fig. 1). The clusters that have stock­ rado mineral belt (Tweto, 1968). This Colorado work molybdenite deposits (King and others, porphyry-ore association belongs to the remark­ 1973) are virtually contained by the -300 ably consistent and worldwide porphyry-metal milligal gravity contour of the central Colorado class of ore deposits. The pattern of molybde­ Rocky Mountains (fig. 2). The gravity low nite distribution in the Montezuma district probably closely outlines the long-hypothesized 1 109° 105° 104" 41° 40° ~ .. -o 'V ODENVER Ul~ lJ -p- Grand /~ ~ / Montezuma ELKf ~I district 0 Junction q MTlj.l :11 ../ WES~( i ( Area of ELK "'-) f'\ \ figure 2 MTS / /-- ~"'/ (~~ /~~ I I SAN JUAN I; MOUNTAINS f vI 37° 0 50 100 MILES I I I I I I I 0 50 100 150 KILOMETERS FIGURE 1. -Index map of central and western Colo­ 0 10 20 MILES rado, showing Montezuma district in relation to the Colorado mineral belt. 0 10 20 30 KILOMETERS EXPLANATION Molybdenum deposits--From King(l970), Bryant(l971), mineral-belt batholith (Crawford, 1924; Tweto and this study and Case, 1972), and coincides with an element • Disseminated deposits of molybdenum • Veins and other types of deposits of molybdenum of structural weakness of Precambrian ances­ Outcrop of Tertiary stocks--From Tweto and Sims(l963) try, expressed as zones of recurrent shearing --250- Gravity contours, in milligals-- From Behrendt and Bajwa (1972) (Tweto and Sims, 1963). The porphyry stocks, ore deposits, and al­ FIGURE 2.- Map showing molybdenum deposits in re­ tered rocks are cogenetic products of the under­ lation to Tertiary stocks and gravity contours. lying batholith, and they locate sites of venting of the batholith. The Colorado porphyry-ore
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