DOCSLIB.ORG

Download Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Peacemakers and Partisans Bishops and Political Reform in England 1213-1268 Ambler, Sophie Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 This electronic theses or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Peacemakers and Partisans Bishops and Political Reform in England 1213-1268 Title: Author: Sophie Ambler The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ You are free to: Share: to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. 1 Peacemakers and Partisans Bishops and Political Reform in England 1213-1268 Sophie Thérèse Ambler PhD thesis King’s College London 2012 2 This thesis examines the role of bishops in political reform and rebellion in England, beginning with the return from exile in 1213 of Stephen Langton (archbishop of Canterbury 1207-26) and ending with the suspension in 1266 of five bishops for their involvement with the Montfortian revolution. Langton and his successor Edmund of Abingdon (archbishop of Canterbury 1233-40) created a model for episcopal involvement in the affairs of the realm, especially during times of discord between king and barons. Prioritising the peace of the kingdom, they maintained their loyalty to the king as well as his subjects so that they were empowered and incentivised to act as peacemakers. This obligation was developed by Langton’s biblical understanding of the clerical duty to ensure good government. When illegal or destructive royal policies caused baronial discontent that threatened civil peace, the bishops could step in to reform the king’s behaviour. Although they threatened ecclesiastical censure, Langton and Edmund never attacked the foundations of royal power. In contrast, the Montfortian bishops renounced their loyalty to the king. As partisan Montfortians, they were no longer qualified to act as peacemakers. Members of a regime that appropriated the bases of royal power and ruled in the king’s name, they advocated measures that their predecessors would have considered illicit and dangerous. The intellectual conflict created by this rupture is reflected in the actions and justificatory arguments of the Montfortian bishops, who had to construct their case from scratch in the crucible of political crisis. Their story provides an ideal-type for the study of political thought: exothermic ideology. Not the cause but the consequence of events on the ground, their arguments are not coherent as political theory but reveal the effect on the production of ideas exerted by external pressures and the internal conflicts of those who created them. 3 Contents Acknowledgements 4 Abbreviations 5 Introduction 7 Chapter one The form and importance of episcopal peacemaking 24 Chapter two Episcopal Unity and Royal Power in Thirteenth-Century England 62 Chapter three Episcopal Unity and Royal Power: England and Iberia in the Thirteenth Century 82 Chapter four Robert Grosseteste’s Writing on Kingship: its place in Montfortian reform 108 Chapter five The English Bishops in 1258 140 Chapter six From Peacemakers to Partisans: the conversion of the Montfortian bishops 167 Chapter seven The Montfortian Bishops and the Justification of Conciliar Government 188 Chapter eight The Aftermath of the Battle of Evesham 210 Conclusion 222 Bibliography 226 4 Acknowledgments I would like to thank my supervisors, Professors David Carpenter and David d’Avray, for their invaluable advice and support in writing this thesis. I am also grateful to Dr Richard Cassidy, Dr John Maddicott and Professor Björn Weiler for commenting on particular sections, and to my sister, Kate Ambler, for recommending the anthropological texts for chapter one. The thesis would not have been possible without three years of funding from the Arts and Humanities Research Council. The Institute of Historical Research, in awarding me a Thornley Fellowship for the fourth year of the project, allowed me to research and write chapter three. 5 Abbreviations AM Annales Monastici, ed. H.R. Luard (5 vols, Rolls Series, 1864-69). Annales Londoniensis Annales Londoniensis, Chroncicles of the Reigns of Edward I and Edward II, ed. W. Stubbs (Rolls ser., 1882), Vol. I. Book of Deeds The Book of Deeds of James I of Aragon: a Translation of the Medieval Catalan Llibre dels Fets, trans. D. Smith and H. Buffery (2010). Burton Annales Monasterii de Burton, 1004-1263, AM, i. CLR Calendar of Liberate Rolls (H.M.S.O., 1916-). CM Matthaei Parisiensis , Monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica Majora, ed. H.R. Luard (7 vols., Rolls ser., 1872–83). Coggeshall Radulphi de Coggeshall Chronicon Anglicanum, ed. J. Stevenson (Rolls ser., 1875). C&S Councils and synods: with other documents relating to the English Church, II, 1205-1313, ed. F.M. Powicke and C.R. Cheney (2 vols., Oxford, 1964), part I (1205-1265). CPL Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland 1198–1304, ed. W. H. Bliss (1893). CPR Calendar of Patent Rolls (H.M.S.O., 1906-). CR Close Rolls, Henry III (H.M.S.O., 1902-). Cronica Maiorum De Antiquis Legibus Liber. Cronica Maiorum et Vicecomitum Londoniarum, ed. T. Stapleton (Camden Soc., 1846). DBM Documents of the Baronial Movement of Reform and Rebellion, 1258- 1267, ed. R.F. Treharne and I.J. Sanders OMT (Oxford, 1973). Dunstable Annales Prioratus de Dunstaplia, A.D. 1-1297, AM, iii. EHD English Historical Documents: 1189–1327, ed. H. Rothwell (London, 1975). EHD II English Historical Documents: 1042-1189, ed. D. C. Douglas and G. W. Greenaway (London, 1981). EHR English Historical Review Flores Historiarum Flores Historiarum, ed. H. R. Luard (Rolls Ser., 1890). Foedera Foedera, Conventiones, Litterae et Acta Publica, ed. T. Rymer, new edn, Vol. I, part i, ed. A. Clark and F. Holbrooke (Record Comm., 1816). Gervase The Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury, ed. W. Stubbs (2 vols., Rolls ser., 1880), Vol. II. 6 Gieben Gieben, S., ‘Robert Grosseteste at the Papal Curia, Lyonss, 1250: Edition of the Documents’, Collectanea Franciscana, 41 (1971), 340-393. GRHS Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis [by Roger of Howedon], ed. William Stubbs (2 vols., Rolls Ser., 1867). Grosseteste Letters The Letters of Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln, trans. F. A. C. Mantello and J. Goering (Toronto, 2010). Guisborough The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, ed. H. Rothwell (Camden ser., lxxxix, 1957). Heidemann Heidemann, J., Papst Clemens IV: Das Vorleben des Papstes und sein Legationregister (Münster, 1903). Mercken Mercken, H. P, F., The Greek Commentaries on the ‘Nicomachean Ethics’ of Aristotle in the Latin Translation of Robert Grosseteste Bishop of Lincoln. Vol. III. The Anonymous Commentator on Book VII, Aspasius on Book VIII and Michael of Ephesus on Books IX and X (Corpus Latinum Commentariorum in Aristotelem Graecorum VI, 3) (Leuven U.P., 1991). ODNB Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, 2004), available online at http://www.oxforddnb.com Osney Annales Monasterii de Oseneia, 1016-1347, AM, iv. PR Patent Rolls, Henry III (H.M.S.O. 1901-03) RCWL The Royal Charter Witness Lists of Henry III (1226-1272) from the Charter Rolls in the Public Record Office, ed. M. Morris (List and Index Soc. 291-2, 2002), Vol. II. Royal Letters Royal and Other Historical Letters Illustrative of the Reign of Henry III, ed. W. W. Shirley (2 vols., Rolls ser., 1862-6). RSO The Register of Saint Osmund, ed. W. H. Rich Jones (2 vols., Rolls ser., 1883-4), Vol. II. Song of Lewes The Song of Lewes, ed. C. L. Kingsford (Oxford, 1963). TCE, i-xiii Thirteenth Century England, 13 vols. so far, i-iv, ed.
Recommended publications
  • Trilingualism and National Identity in England, from the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century

    Trilingualism and National Identity in England, from the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century

    Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Graduate School Collection WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship Fall 2015 Three Languages, One Nation: Trilingualism and National Identity in England, From the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century Christopher Anderson Western Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Anderson, Christopher, "Three Languages, One Nation: Trilingualism and National Identity in England, From the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century" (2015). WWU Graduate School Collection. 449. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/449 This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Graduate School Collection by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Three Languages, One Nation Trilingualism and National Identity in England, From the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century By Christopher Anderson Accepted in Partial Completion Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Kathleen L. Kitto, Dean of the Graduate School Advisory Committee Chair, Dr. Peter Diehl Dr. Amanda Eurich Dr. Sean Murphy Master’s Thesis In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Western Washington University, I grant to Western Washington University the non-exclusive royalty-free right to archive, reproduce, distribute, and display the thesis in any and all forms, including electronic format, via any digital library mechanisms maintained by WWU. I represent and warrant this is my original work, and does not infringe or violate any rights of others.
  • Unclassified Fourteenth- Century Purbeck Marble Incised Slabs

    Unclassified Fourteenth- Century Purbeck Marble Incised Slabs

    Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London, No. 60 EARLY INCISED SLABS AND BRASSES FROM THE LONDON MARBLERS This book is published with the generous assistance of The Francis Coales Charitable Trust. EARLY INCISED SLABS AND BRASSES FROM THE LONDON MARBLERS Sally Badham and Malcolm Norris The Society of Antiquaries of London First published 1999 Dedication by In memory of Frank Allen Greenhill MA, FSA, The Society of Antiquaries of London FSA (Scot) (1896 to 1983) Burlington House Piccadilly In carrying out our study of the incised slabs and London WlV OHS related brasses from the thirteenth- and fourteenth- century London marblers' workshops, we have © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1999 drawn very heavily on Greenhill's records. His rubbings of incised slabs, mostly made in the 1920s All Rights Reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation, and 1930s, often show them better preserved than no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval they are now and his unpublished notes provide system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, much invaluable background information. Without transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means, access to his material, our study would have been less without the prior permission of the copyright owner. complete. For this reason, we wish to dedicate this volume to Greenhill's memory. ISBN 0 854312722 ISSN 0953-7163 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the
  • Lambeth Palace Library Research Guide Biographical Sources for Archbishops of Canterbury from 1052 to the Present Day

    Lambeth Palace Library Research Guide Biographical Sources for Archbishops of Canterbury from 1052 to the Present Day

    Lambeth Palace Library Research Guide Biographical Sources for Archbishops of Canterbury from 1052 to the Present Day 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 2 Abbreviations Used ....................................................................................................... 4 3 Archbishops of Canterbury 1052- .................................................................................. 5 Stigand (1052-70) .............................................................................................................. 5 Lanfranc (1070-89) ............................................................................................................ 5 Anselm (1093-1109) .......................................................................................................... 5 Ralph d’Escures (1114-22) ................................................................................................ 5 William de Corbeil (1123-36) ............................................................................................. 5 Theobold of Bec (1139-61) ................................................................................................ 5 Thomas Becket (1162-70) ................................................................................................. 6 Richard of Dover (1174-84) ............................................................................................... 6 Baldwin (1184-90) ............................................................................................................
  • The Apostolic Succession of the Right Rev. James Michael St. George

    The Apostolic Succession of the Right Rev. James Michael St. George

    The Apostolic Succession of The Right Rev. James Michael St. George © Copyright 2014-2015, The International Old Catholic Churches, Inc. 1 Table of Contents Certificates ....................................................................................................................................................4 ......................................................................................................................................................................5 Photos ...........................................................................................................................................................6 Lines of Succession........................................................................................................................................7 Succession from the Chaldean Catholic Church .......................................................................................7 Succession from the Syrian-Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch..............................................................10 The Coptic Orthodox Succession ............................................................................................................16 Succession from the Russian Orthodox Church......................................................................................20 Succession from the Melkite-Greek Patriarchate of Antioch and all East..............................................27 Duarte Costa Succession – Roman Catholic Succession .........................................................................34
  • Liber Collegii Nostre Domine. Registrum Ecclesie B.V. Marie Et S

    Liber Collegii Nostre Domine. Registrum Ecclesie B.V. Marie Et S

    !>*"•<* ' '?iOO^ iU&er Collegtt Jlosrre Bomtne REGISTRUM ECCLESIE B. V. MARIE ET S. ANNE INFRA MUROS CIVITATIS GLASGUENSIS MDXLIX , ACCEDUNT jftlummmta jfratjum ||retucatojum fce <£la*gu DOMUS DOMINICANE APUD GLASGUENSES CARTE QUE SUPERSUNT MCCXLIV-MDLIX GLASGUE MDCCCXLVI VOCA^- PRESENTED THE MAITLAND CLUB THE MARQUIS OF BUTE. THE MAITLAND CLUB. M.DCCC.XLVI. THE MOST HONOURABLE THE MARQUIS OF BUTE, K. T. PRESIDENT. HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF ARGYLL. JOHN BAIN, ESQ. DAVID BALFOUR, ESQ. SIR DAVID HUNTER BLAIR, BART. JAMES BOGLE, ESQ. BERIAH BOTFIELD, ESQ. M.P. THE MOST HONOURABLE THE MARQUIS OF BREADALBANE, K. T. SIR THOMAS MAKDOUGALL BRISBANE, BART. G.C.B. 10 HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF BUCCLEUCH AND QUEENSBERRY, K. G. ANDREW BUCHANAN, ESQ. WALTER BUCHANAN, ESQ. ALEXANDER CAMPBELL, ESQ. SIR ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, BART. HUMPHRY WALTER CAMPBELL, ESQ. THE HONOURABLE HENRY COCKBURN, LORD COCKBURN. THE MAITLAND CLUB. JAMES T. GIBSON-CRAIG, ESQ. JAMES DENNISTOUN, ESQ. JAMES DOBIE, ESQ. 20 THE MOST HONOURABLE THE MARQUIS OF DOUGLAS AND CLYDESDALE. RICHARD DUNCAN, ESQ. TREASURER. WILLIAM JAMES DUNCAN, ESQ. WILLIAM EUING, ESQ. JAMES EWING, ESQ. LL.D. JOSEPH WALTER KING EYTON, ESQ. JAMES OGILVIE FAIRLIE, ESQ. ALEXANDER S. FINLAY, ESQ. THE REVEREND WILLIAM FLEMING, D.D. WILLIAM MALCOLM FLEMING, ESQ 30 JOHN FULLARTON, ESQ. JOHN GORDON, ESQ. THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THOMAS GRENVILLE. JAMES HAMILTON, ESQ, LAURENCE HILL, ESQ. LL.B. JAMES HUNTER, ESQ. THE HONOURABLE JAMES IVORY, LORD IVORY. JOHN CLARK KENNEDY, ESQ. JOHN KERR, ESQ. ROBERT ALEXANDER KIDSTON, ESQ. 40 GEORGE RITCHIE KINLOCH, ESQ. JOHN GARDINER KINNEAR, ESQ. JOHN LEADBETTER, ESQ. THE VERY REVEREND PRINCIPAL LEE, FOR THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.
  • The Manor, House and Chapel of Holt

    The Manor, House and Chapel of Holt

    THE MANOR, HOUSE AND CHAPEL OF HOLT BY GEORGE F. FARNHAM, M.A., F.S.A., and A. HAMILTON THOMPSON, M.A., D.Litt, F.S.A. I. THE MANOR. II. THE HOUSE. III. THE CHAPEL OF HOI.T. 1.—The Manor The history of Holt for the first one hundred and fifty years after the Conquest is very obscure. The place is not mentioned in the Domesday survey of 1086 or in the incomplete survey of the county of Leicester* taken between 1124 and 1129. In these early years the only information which we can get concerning Holt comes from the distant village of Barleston, where in 1086 it was returned that Geoffrey held under Robert de Buci one carucate and one virgate of land. 1 The entire fief of Robert de Buci subsequently came into the hands of king Henry I, whether by forfeiture or for some unknown reason, and the larger part, in­ cluding this small fee in Barleston, was granted by the king to Richard Basset, his justiciar. Richard Basset died in 1144. He had married Maud, •daughter of Geoffrey Ridel, and their eldest son Geoffrey took his mother's maiden name. Nichols2 quotes a deed of this Geoffrey Ridel, preserved among the MSS. of Mr. Bridges, in which he notifies to king Henry II that, at the death of Henry I (1 Dec., 1135), Richard Basset his father held 184 carucates and 15 virgates of land as fifteen knights' fees. Among the sub-tenants specified as holding of the old feoffment is Reginald Fitz Urse, with five carucates in Holt and Barleston.
  • The Pershore Flores Historiarum: an Unrecognised Chronicle from the Period of Reform and Rebellion in England, 1258–65*

    The Pershore Flores Historiarum: an Unrecognised Chronicle from the Period of Reform and Rebellion in England, 1258–65*

    English Historical Review Vol. CXXVII No. 529 doi:10.1093/ehr/ces311 © The Author [2012]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. The Pershore Flores Historiarum: An Unrecognised Chronicle from the Period of Reform and Rebellion in England, 1258–65* Historians of the period of reform and rebellion in England between 1258 and 1265 make extensive use of a chronicle called the Flores Historiarum.1 This is not surprising, because the Flores covers the revolution of 1258, the baronial regime of 1258–60, the king’s recovery of power in 1261, the civil war of 1263, the battle of Lewes in 1264, and the rule of Simon de Montfort down to his defeat and death at the battle of Evesham in 1265. In the earliest surviving text of the Flores, Downloaded from which belongs to Chetham’s Library in Manchester, the account of these revolutionary years is part of a longer section of the chronicle which begins in the year 1249. From that point, until the battle of Evesham in 1265, the text is unified, and distinguished from what comes before and after, by the way in which capital letters at the beginning of sections are http://ehr.oxfordjournals.org/ decorated and, in particular, by the decoration given to the letter ‘A’ in the ‘Anno’ at the beginning of each year.2 The text is also unified, and set apart, by being written, save for a short section at the start, in the same thirteenth-century hand and having very much the appearance of a fair copy.3 Historians who have studied the chronicle have nearly all assumed that this part of the Flores was copied at St Albans Abbey from 4 the work of Matthew Paris and his continuator.
  • Stephen Langton, the Chanter Circle, and the Semiotics of Violence in a Crusading Culture

    Stephen Langton, the Chanter Circle, and the Semiotics of Violence in a Crusading Culture

    Portland State University PDXScholar University Honors Theses University Honors College 2016 Stephen Langton, the Chanter Circle, and the Semiotics of Violence in a Crusading Culture Andrew Thornebrooke Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/honorstheses Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Thornebrooke, Andrew, "Stephen Langton, the Chanter Circle, and the Semiotics of Violence in a Crusading Culture" (2016). University Honors Theses. Paper 306. https://doi.org/10.15760/honors.321 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in University Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. STEPHEN LANGTON, THE CHANTER CIRCLE, AND THE SEMIOTICS OF VIOLENCE IN A CRUSADING CULTURE by ANDREW THORNEBROOKE An undergraduate honors thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in University Honors and History Thesis Advisor Dr. John S. Ott Portland State University – Urban Honors College 2016 For Marilyn E. Turner Acknowledgements I owe many thanks and a deep debt to the discourse and mentorship of Dr. John S. Ott in pursuing this research. His time, expertise, helpfulness with the finer points of Latin paleography, and patience with my Britishisms, have immeasurably helped the construction of this work. I would also like to thank Dr. Brian Turner for his keen insights to the possibilities of expanding upon this research, and Dr. William H. York for always giving me a space to discuss my latest tangential inquiries.
  • St Stephen's Church, Hackington and Its

    St Stephen's Church, Hackington and Its

    http://kentarchaeology.org.uk/research/archaeologia-cantiana/ Kent Archaeological Society is a registered charity number 223382 © 2017 Kent Archaeological Society ( 253 ) ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCH, HACKINGTON, AND ITS POSSIBLE CONNECTION WITH ARCHBISHOP BALDWIN. BY SURGEON-CAPTAIN KENNETH H. JONES, M.B., R.N. THE first church we know of at Hackmgton was in part built by Archbishop Anselm about 1100 or a httle later, and of this considerable portions stUl remain at the west end and in the nave of the present building. The present church consists of a nave, with a tower at its western end, a chancel, north and south transepts and a south porch. The tower was raised, probably, by Archdeacon Simon Langton, about 1230, upon the walls of Anselm's Norman nave. In order that the Norman nave should be able to carry the weight of the tower, two large buttresses were placed at its north-west and south-west angles, while a very thick wall, some twelve feet high and pierced by a pointed arch, was built from side to side of the nave, inside, to support its eastern wall. AU this is clearly shown on Canon Livett's excellent plan facing page 268. The great buttresses form straight joints below the level of the Norman eaves, and above are shghtly bonded into the tower walls. The windows of the tower, probably of thirteenth century date, were altered in the fifteenth century, when trefoil hoods were added. The whole is surmounted by an octagonal wooden spire dating from the late seventeenth or early eighteenth century.
  • The Power of the Edge

    The Power of the Edge

    The power of the edge Thomas Krijger The power of the edge The influence of the lords of the Welsh Marches on the political changes in England from 1258-1330 Thomas Krijger Master thesis – MA History 2 Contents Introduction 4 Chapter one: The meaning of the March 7 - The origins of the March 7 - Marcher Lords 8 - Parliament 11 Chapter two: Parliamentary revolution 13 - The Provisions of Oxford and the second barons’ war 14 - The role of the Marcher lords 18 - The disinherited 19 Chapter three: The King’s justice 23 - Edward, Llywelyn and the March 23 - The first war in Wales 25 - The war of conquest 26 - Quo warranto? 30 - Rights of the March 32 Chapter four: The tyranny of King Edward II 35 - Piers Gaveston 35 - Scotland and Bannockburn 37 - The rise of new favourites 38 - Hugh Despenser rules 41 - Isabella and Mortimer victorious 44 Conclusion 47 Bibliography 50 Appendix 55 Map of the March of Wales in the thirteenth century 59 3 Introduction The medieval border region of England and Wales was not a clearly defined one. It was unclear were England ended and Wales began, or as historian R. R. Davies put it: ‘Instead of a boundary, there was a March.’1 The March was home to a group of semi-autonomous lordships. These lordships were theoretically held by a lord in a feudal structure, and these lords had to do homage to the King of England for these lands. But the legal structures were different, as the Statutes of the realm proclaim: ‘In the marches, where the King’s writ does not run.’2 It is also mentioned in clause 56 of Magna Carta: ‘If we have deprived or dispossessed any Welshmen of lands, liberties, or anything else in England or in Wales, without the lawful judgement of their equals, these are at once to be returned to them.
  • The Household Knights of Edward I. Abstract. The

    The Household Knights of Edward I. Abstract. The

    Ruth Louise INGAMELLS Ph.D. (1992) The Household Knights of Edward I. Abstract. The royal household lay at the heart of the king's army in the late thirteenth century. The military importance of the knights attached to Edward's household has been examined by M.0 Prestwich. Although Prestwich acknowledged that the knights did serve in other areas of royal government no systematic study of their role has been attempted. Based on an examination of the surviving wardrobe accounts and other documents the role of the household knights in many areas of royal government in England and Edward's other dominions has been assessed. The part they played in newly or partially conquered territories of Wales and Scotland has also been considered. The knights attached to Edward's familia were employed as sheriffs, justices, constables of castles and diplomats and councillors. However the proportion of knights who served in these areas remained small. The knights were appointed With any regularity only to posts which demanded a combination of military and administrative skills. A large number held royal offices in Scotland and Wales.. However, there were a small number of knights whose skills as diplomats and councillors were clearly of more importance to the king than military prowess. This inner circle of knights were probably the forerunners of the chamber knights of the fourteenth century. The rewards received by the knights in return for their services have also been considered in great detail. The knights were rewarded in accordance with their status and length of service within the household. The major grants of lands, wardships and offices went to a fairly small group of men.
  • Welsh Contacts with the Papacy Before the Edwardian Conquest, C. 1283

    Welsh Contacts with the Papacy Before the Edwardian Conquest, C. 1283

    WELSH CONTACTS WITH THE PAPACY BEFORE THE EDWARDIAN CONQUEST, C. 1283 Bryn Jones A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2019 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18284 This item is protected by original copyright Welsh contacts with the Papacy before the Edwardian Conquest, c. 1283 Bryn Jones This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) at the University of St Andrews June 2019 Candidate's declaration I, Bryn Jones, do hereby certify that this thesis, submitted for the degree of PhD, which is approximately 80,000 words in length, has been written by me, and that it is the record of work carried out by me, or principally by myself in collaboration with others as acknowledged, and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for any degree. I was admitted as a research student at the University of St Andrews in September 2009. I received funding from an organisation or institution and have acknowledged the funder(s) in the full text of my thesis. Date Signature of candidate Supervisor's declaration I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of PhD in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree.