Centre for HumanIT John Sören Pettersson (ed.) Proceedings of 1st International Conference on M4D Mobile Communication Technology for Development M4D 2008, General Tracks 11–12 December 2008 Karlstad University, Sweden Karlstad University Studies 2008:61 Centre for HumanIT Proceedings of The 1st International Conference on M4D Mobile Communication Technology for Development (M4D 2008, General Tracks) 11–12 December, 2008, Karlstad University, Sweden Centre for HumanIT in co-operation with John Sören Pettersson (ed.) Proceedings of The 1st International Conference on M4D Mobile Communication Technology for Development (M4D 2008, General Tracks) 11–12 December 2008 Karlstad University, Sweden Karlstad University Studies 2008:61 John Sören Pettersson (ed.). Proceedings of The 1st International Conference on M4D Mobile Communication Technology for Development (M4D 2008, General Tracks), 11–12 December 2008 Karlstad University, Sweden Karlstad University Studies 2008:61 ISSN 1403-8099 ISBN 978-91-7063-221-1 © Karlstad University and the individual authors Distribution: Centre for HumanIT SE-651 88 Karlstad +46 54 700 10 00 www.kau.se www.humanit.org Electronic version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3226 Printed at: Universitetstryckeriet, Karlstad 2008 Foreword With 133 registered participants, this conference surely surpassed our expectations. When we started planning this conference it was a smaller event we had in mind. It would be a “1 st ” conference, one of those fumbling starters to gradually build up to something larger. We wished to create something which would support research in the M4D arena by both encouraging academic discourse and feeding into and disseminating practitioners’ experiences. With the help of all of you who have registered for this conference, coming from more than 30 different nations, we already have a flying ‘something’. It is interesting that we span not only the practitioners–researchers gap but also the social science–technology fields. By necessity, some sessions ran in parallel and people tended to go into the folds they are used to. But many sessions, and breaks, and indeed also the Lucia celebration on Friday morning, were common, and it is our belief that every participant at M4D 2008 met people and perspectives she or he has not encountered before. On behalf of the organizing committee we would like express our sincere thanks to all the presenters and panellists who shared their works and ideas with all of us, and especially we thank the three keynote presenters – Adam Denton from GSMA headquarters in London, Richard Heeks from University of Manchester, and Victor Bahl from Microsoft Research in the US – for accepting our invitations. We also want to acknowledge the important contribution of the reviewers for this conference and the proceedings. We are also happy to announce contributions from several sponsors: the Centre for HumanIT, which put in both money and time, SPIDER for financing the workshop on Collaboration in East Africa, the E-CLIC project for supporting the workshop WIRELESS4D, LifeAcademy and Tieto for sponsoring our two lunches, the Ericsson corporation for sponsoring our conference dinner (and also for providing a history lesson during the dinner on the company founder Lars Magnus Ericsson), and Microsoft Research India as well as the network for post graduate students, IPID, for travel grants supporting scholars and research students attending this conference. John Sören Pettersson Gudrun Wicander Christian Christensen General Chair Co-chair Co-chair M4D 2008 Conference Organization Conference Committee M4D 2008 General Chair: Prof. John Sören Pettersson , Karlstad University Co-chair: Econ. Lic. Gudrun Wicander , Karlstad University/IPID/HumanIT Co-chair: Assoc. Prof. Christian Christensen , Director of HumanIT, Karlstad Univ. Dag Nielsen, Ericsson AB Åke Grönlund, Örebro University Lena Troijer, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola Conference Reviewers M4D 2008 Iwan Adhicandra Imran Ahmad Annika Andersson Stephane Boyera Christian Christensen Jonathan Donner Åke Grönlund Stig Håkangård Mathias Hatakka Richard Heeks Renjish Kumar Kavita Karan Andreas J. Kassler Patricia Mechael Anders G. Nilsson Sridevi Padmanabhan John Sören Pettersson Matti Tedre John Traxler Virpi Tuunainen Mikko Vesisenaho Gudrun Wicander Workshop on “Collaboration in East Africa” Committee Chair: Johan Hellström, Upgraid Ltd, Uganda Åke Grönlund, Örebro University, Sweden John Sören Pettersson, Karlstad University Gudrun Wicander, Karlstad University Workshop on “WIRELESS4D’08” Committee See separate volume, series number 2008:62 (also available electronically at: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3237 ). Table of Contents Keynote Speech Abstracts Policy Priorities to Connect Africa 3 Adam Denton , Head of Regulatory Policy, GSM Association White Space Networking & The Commoditization of Pervasive Internet Access 4 Victor Bahl , Principal Researcher, Networking Research Group, Microsoft Research Redmond Priorities in Mobiles-for-Development Research 5 Richard Heeks , Professor, Centre for Development Informatics, University of Manchester Practitioner Track – Papers with Oral Presentations Waste of Technology 9 Scott Lescak Exploiting Mobile Technology in the African Urban Low-Income Informal Music Industry 15 Jussi Impio, Mokeira Masita-Mwangi, Lucy Macharia, Pauline Githinji, Moses Sitati Broadband to improve M-content: How the Internet Improves Life in Emerging Markets 24 Dag Nielsen Improving Home Based Care through Mobile Phones in Malawi 31 Kumbukani Kuntiya, Donald Mavunduse OMEVAC – Open Mobile Electronic Vaccine Trials, an interdisciplinary project to improve quality of vaccine trials in lowresource settings 36 Jørn Klungsøyr, Thorkild Tylleskär, Bruce MacLeod, Paul Bagyenda, Weiqin Chen, Peter Wakholi OpenROSA, JavaROSA, GloballyMobile – Collaborations around Open Standards for Mobile Applications 45 Jørn Klungsøyr, Peter Wakholi, Bruce MacLeod, Alberto Escudero-Pascual, Neal Lesh Using Web Technologies and Mobile Phones for Social Development: W3C Approach 49 Stephane Boyera, Philipp Hoschka Research Track The Growth of Tanzanian Mobile Phone Sector: Triumph of Quantity, Failure of Quality? 55 Fredrick Japhet Mtenzi, Bukaza Loth Chachage, Fredrick Ngumbuke Mobile Phones and Poverty Alleviation: A Survey Study in Rural Tanzania 62 Hosea Mpogole, Hidaya Usanga, Matti Tedre Reflections on MobileActive 2008 and the M4D Landscape 73 Jonathan Donner, Katrin Verclas, Kentaro Toyama Ensuring Sustainable Internet Access in Africa: Insights from mHealth Innovations 84 Adesina Iluyem Mobility, Modernity, Development 93 John Traxler “Upwardly Mobile”: the Potential to Deliver Social Protection by Cellphone – Lessons from Lesotho 100 Katharine Vincent, Nicholas Freeland Experiences on Mobile-ATM Deployment in a Developing Country 108 Amila Karunanayake, Kausn De Zoysa, Sead Muftic, Feng Zhang Using eduPhone for Self-Service Healthcare in Developing Countries 117 Shafiq Shamsur Razzaq, Md. Abu Sayed Sustainable Rural IS Implementation Process for Developing Countries: Agriculture Market Information Services (AMIS) in Bangladesh 127 M. Sirajul Islam, Suha Alawadhi Mobile Diffusion and Development: Issues and Challenges of M-Government with India in Perspective 138 Kavita Karan, Michele Cheng Hoon Khoo Posters and Demos Abstracts Preparing Students in Africa for Social Entrepreneurship in Mobile Technology: Current and Future Efforts in Senegal 153 Christelle Scharff, Anita Wasilewska, Mamadou Bousso, Ibrahima Ndiaye, Mbarou Gassama-Mbaye Open Hardware and Software Solutions for Mobile Services 155 Alberto Escudero-Pascual, Louise Berthilson Changing Mobile Phone Usage in India and Its Impact on Social Identity 157 Sridevi Padmanabhan Epihandy Mobile – A Mobile Data Collection Tool 159 Charles Tumwebaze, Frank Nkuyahaga WPSS: Wireless Patient Surveillance System using Zigbee standards 164 Amr Mohamed, Tarek Elfouly, Shima Ibrahim, Fatma Y. al-Kuwari, Fatma al-Qahtani , Eman al-Sulati Workshop “Collaboration in East Africa” Workshop Report: Collaboration in East Africa 167 Johan Hellström, Ali Ndiwalana List of Authors 173 Keynote Speech Abstracts Policy Priorities to Connect Africa Adam DENTON GSM Association, Mid City Place, London, WC1V 4EA, UK Tel: +44 (0) 7824 327 336, Email: [email protected] Mobile communications have been truly transformational with over 3.5 billion people globally now having access to voice services using mobile technology. However, challenges remain, both in continuing to expand voice access and in delivering affordable mobile broadband services to bridge the digital divide. To date, the mobile industry has invested over $40 billion into networks in Africa. In 2007 the industry committed to invest a further $50 billion by 2012 into mobile voice and data networks. For the social and economic benefits to be fully realised it is critical that governments provide an environment that supports this investment to ensure the economic and social benefits are fully realised. Inappropriate government tax policies, continued international gateway monopolies, poor spectrum planning, ineffective universal service management and unpredictable investment environments all increase the cost of ownership, reduce penetration and limit the economic and social potential of mobile. A World Information Society report in 2007 stated “The debate over the future of the digital divide is now moving away from ‘quantity’ in basic connectivity and access to ICTs to measures of ‘quality’