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Folklife Center News, Volume XIV Number 2

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Folklife Center News, Volume XIV Number 2 CENTER NEWS SPRING 1992 t VOLUME XIV, NUMBER 2 American Folklife Center • The Library of Congress has led a number of organizations on the local, state, and national level to Board of Trustees create or designate certain areas as Will iam L. Kinney,Jr. , Chair, heritage parks (also known as centers, South Carolina corridors, and trails). A heritage park is John Penn Fix III, Vice Chair, an area designated for conseivation Washington and interpretation because of its natu­ Nina Archabal, Minnesota ral, historic, and cultural value. The Lindy Boggs, Louisiana; principal sponsor of these heritage ar­ Washington, D.C. eas has been the U.S. Congress work­ Robert Malir,Jr. , Kansas ing through the National Park Seivice, Judith McCulloh, Illinois whose involvement began in the late Juris Ubans, Maine 1970s. A few states have established The American Folklife Center was their own heritage parks, notably created in 1976 by the U.S .Congress to Ex Officio Members Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and New "preserve and present American York. folklife" through programs of research, James H. Billington, Generally speaking the Park Service's documentation, archival preservation, Librarian ofCongress heritage areas possess the fo llowing reference service, live performance, Robert McCormick Adams, exhibition, publication, and training. characteristics: (1) a focus on contem­ Secretary ofthe Smithsonian Institution The Center incorporates the Archive porary as well as historic traditions, (2) Anne-Imelda Radice, Acting Chairman, ofPolk Culture, which was established the interpretation and conservation of in the Music Division of the Library of National Endowment for the A rls Congress in 1928, and is now one of living cultural traditions, (3) the creation Lynne V. Cheney, Chairman, National the largest collections of ethnographic of independent corrunissions to plan material from the United States and Endowment for the Humanities and oversee park programs, and ( 4) around the world. Alan Jabbour, Director, ongoing partnerships with local and American Folklife Center state agencies through cooperative agreements. Administration Living cultural traditions are the Alan Jabbour, Director FOLKI.lFE CENTER NEWS special interest offolklorists, and the Ray Dockstader, Deputy Director James Hardin, Editor Park Service has called upon the Timothy Lloyd, Assistant to the Director Timothy Lloyd, Editorial Advisor American Folklife Center to assist in Doris Craig, Administrative Assistant David A. Taylor, Editorial Advisor planning three of these heritage ar­ Hillary Glatt, Program Assistant John Biggs, Library ofCongress eas by conducting folklife surveys: in Acquisitions Graphics Unit, Designer Lowell, Massachusetts (1987-88), Joseph C. Hickerson, Head Folklife Center News publishes ar­ northern Maine (1991), and currently Processing ticles on the programs and activities of in southern West Virginia. State and Stephanie A. Hall , Archivist the American Folklife Center, as well federal agencies and large commer­ Elaine Bradtke, as other articles on traditional expres­ cial operations planning de­ American Memory Project sive culture. It is available free of charge velopments or activities that affect from the Library of Congress, Ameri­ Catherine Hiebert Kerst, can Folklife Center, Washington, D.C. traditional culture have sometimes American Memory Project 20540. Folklife Center News does not engaged folklorists to see that local Programs publish announcements from other people are included in the decision­ institutions or reviews of books from making process. Accordingly, the Peter T. Banis, Folklife Specialist publishers other than the Library of Mary Hufford, Folklife Specialist Congress. Readers who would like to Center's work on these three projects David A. Taylor, Folklife Specialist comment on Center activities or has gone beyond research and docu­ newsletter articles may address their mentation to include advocacy for Camila Bryce-Laporte, remarks to the editor. Program Coordinator the place of local people and com­ munities in setting policies for Jennifer A. Cutting, heritage centers. Program Coordinator In this issue ofFolklife CenterNews, Publications Cover: Mining community on the Shalom Staub gives a brief history of James Hardin, Editor main county road, Mohegan, West heritage parks and then describes the Public Events Virginia, September, 1938. (LC-USF Pennsylvania H eritage Parks 34-50186-E) Photo by Marion Post Thea Caemmerer, Coordinator Program. And in her article based on Wolcott. Farm Security Administra­ Reference field research for the New River Gorge tion Collection, Library of Congress Gera ld E. Parsons, Reference Librarian Folklife Project, Karen Hudson Judith A. Gray, Folklife Specialist describes the way local people have Administrative Office freed themselves from the monotony Tel: 202 707-6590 EDITOR'S NOTES of company-built housin g by Reference Service personalizing their own houses and other buildings. In both articles the Tel: 202 707-5510 Heritage Parks and Folklife Federal Cylinder Project theme emerges of people taking charge of both their own lives and Tel: 202 707-1740 During the past two decades, a the activities in their home territories. combination of factors- social , eco­ continued on page 15 nomic, political, and environmental- 2 Folklife Center News ARCHITECTURE AND PERSONAL EXPRESSION IN SOUTHERN WEST VIRGINIA Two-story red dog block home with a permastone facade and a brick addition in Mt. Hope, West Virginia. (NRG-KH-6-63231-5) All photos for this article by Karen Hudson By Karen Hudson a cultural heritage center being con­ magazine illustrations of windowless, structed by the National Park Seroice single-room log cabins to twentieth­ Between December and May 1992, at Grandview, West Virginia. In the century television programs focusing the American Folklife Center con­ course of her work, Hudson inter­ on unpainted, one- or two-room ducted a folklife suroey in the New viewed area residents, drove selected company houses with yards cluttered River Gorge region of West Virginia roads in three counties, noted both with rusty automobiles, the dominant (see Folklife Center News, winter culturalpatterns andanomalies, and image of the region has been the 1992). Karen Hudson worked as a made still photographs ofrepresenta­ dilapidated and weather-beaten memberofthe field team to conduct a tive sites. Appalachian home. preliminary suroey of the region 's While some of these presentations vernacular architecture. Tbepurposes For nearly a century, the various are authentic, some are contrived, and of her suroey were to describe the houses, barns, fences, and other man­ nearly all are selective. Both popular area's built environment, recommend made structures of the Appalachian and academic interpreters of Appala­ areas and activities for further field­ region have played a prominent role in chian culture have tended to focus work, and suggest how the resulting its representation in books, magazines, on extremes and, as a result, have discoveries might affect the design of and film. From nineteenth-century misrepresented the diversity and Spring 1992 3 reality of Appalachian life. In 1916 a understanding of the local history. that once people moved out of a com­ mountaineer complained to a church Many of the homes were originally pany town, they were especially ea­ official about the typical portrayal of constructed by coal and sawmill com­ ger to acquire homes that did not look the region: panies for their workers. They were like those they left behind. As a result, often constructed simultaneously many chose to purchase modern pre­ according to one homogeneous de­ fabricated houses, for example, the You missiona1y people do not treat us sign. The box or vertical-plank house Lustron, an all-steel factory-made right. You come with your cameras (cheap, fast to build, and temporary) home manufactured in Ohio between andphotograph our worst homes and was one of the most common types 1948 and 1950. While less than two ourlowestpeople and then throw them put up by area industrialists. thousand of the homes were ever on the screens to he seen. You never Throughout the gorge, whole towns made, I saw five during the brief sur­ tell ofour good people nor ofthe sub­ were built with row after row of vey of the New River Gorge. As origi­ stantial things ofthe community. But identical box houses. While the plans nally constructed, the Lustron was a I reckon you have to do that in order varied, the basic construction tech­ one-story, gable-roof ranch with an to get money out ofyour members nique did not. It consisted of vertical exterior and interior skin ofenameled (quoted in Dean Herrin, "Poor, Proud, boards attached to the sills and plates steel panels bolted to a structural­ andPrimitive: Images ofAppalachian to form both the interior and exterior steel frame and a concrete slab foun­ DomesticInteriors. "In Perspectives on walls , as well as the buildings' weight­ dation. Unlike the Jinn Linn, the home American Furniture, Gerald W.R. bearing supports (all posts, studs, and was durable, easy to maintain, strong, Ward, ed. [New York: WW. Norton, braces were eliminated). Narrow ver­ and equipped with features designed 1988], p. 101). tical strips called battens were often to attract a middle-class buyer, such placed over the spaces left between as a combination dishwasher and Like missionaries, academics have the boards. clothes-washing machine. The also tended to focus on selective fea­ Today, West Virginians commonly company's
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