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Trade and Commerce at Sepphoris, Israel
Illinois Wesleyan University Digital Commons @ IWU Honors Projects Sociology and Anthropology 1998 Trade and Commerce at Sepphoris, Israel Sarah VanSickle '98 Illinois Wesleyan University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/socanth_honproj Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation VanSickle '98, Sarah, "Trade and Commerce at Sepphoris, Israel" (1998). Honors Projects. 19. https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/socanth_honproj/19 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by Faculty at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Trade and Commerce At Sepphoris, Israel Sarah VanSickle 1998 Honors Research Dr. Dennis E. Groh, Advisor I Introduction Trade patterns in the Near East are the subject of conflicting interpretations. Researchers debate whether Galilean cities utilized trade routes along the Sea of Galilee and the Mediterranean or were self-sufficient, with little access to trade. An analysis of material culture found at specific sites can most efficiently determine the extent of trade in the region. If commerce is extensive, a significant assemblage of foreign goods will be found; an overwhelming majority of provincial artifacts will suggest minimal trade. -
Cosmological Narrative in the Synagogues of Late Roman-Byzantine Palestine
COSMOLOGICAL NARRATIVE IN THE SYNAGOGUES OF LATE ROMAN-BYZANTINE PALESTINE Bradley Charles Erickson A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Religious Studies. Chapel Hill 2020 Approved by: Jodi Magness Zlatko Plese David Lambert Jennifer Gates-Foster Maurizio Forte © 2020 Bradley Charles Erickson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Bradley Charles Erickson: Cosmological Narrative in the Synagogues of Late Roman-Byzantine Palestine (Under the Direction of Jodi Magness) The night sky provided ancient peoples with a visible framework through which they could view and experience the divine. Ancient astronomers looked to the night sky for practical reasons, such as the construction of calendars by which time could evenly be divided, and for prognosis, such as the foretelling of future events based on the movements of the planets and stars. While scholars have written much about the Greco-Roman understanding of the night sky, few studies exist that examine Jewish cosmological thought in relation to the appearance of the Late Roman-Byzantine synagogue Helios-zodiac cycle. This dissertation surveys the ways that ancient Jews experienced the night sky, including literature of the Second Temple (sixth century BCE – 70 CE), rabbinic and mystical writings, and Helios-zodiac cycles in synagogues of ancient Palestine. I argue that Judaism joined an evolving Greco-Roman cosmology with ancient Jewish traditions as a means of producing knowledge of the earthly and heavenly realms. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere appreciation to my adviser, Dr. -
Caesarea-Ratzlaff201
The Plurality of Harbors at Caesarea: The Southern Anchorage in Late Antiquity Alexandra Ratzlaff, Ehud Galili, Paula Waiman-Barak & Assaf Yasur-Landau Journal of Maritime Archaeology ISSN 1557-2285 Volume 12 Number 2 J Mari Arch (2017) 12:125-146 DOI 10.1007/s11457-017-9173-z 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy J Mari Arch (2017) 12:125–146 DOI 10.1007/s11457-017-9173-z ORIGINAL PAPER The Plurality of Harbors at Caesarea: The Southern Anchorage in Late Antiquity 1 2 3 Alexandra Ratzlaff • Ehud Galili • Paula Waiman-Barak • Assaf Yasur-Landau1 Published online: 1 August 2017 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017 Abstract The engineering marvel of Sebastos, or Portus Augusti as it was called in Late Antiquity (284–638 CE), dominated Caesarea’s harbor center along modern Israel’s central coast but it was only one part of a larger maritime complex. -
Inside Israel (Armistice Line [Green Line] of 1948–49) 1967-Occupied Arab Territories
Inside Israel (Armistice Line [Green Line] of 1948–49) 1967-occupied Arab Territories Part III Article 2 A. Measures to eliminate racial discrimination 1. Measures preventing discrimination by all public authorities and institutions [See Article 4 for a discussion on the judicial, legislative and penal measures taken by the State to eliminate discrimination] Favoured Status for Jewish (“national”) Institutions Nonetheless, both Israel’s state and parastatal institutions exclusively proscribe Palestinians from enjoying the rights and Under the World Zionist Organization/Jewish Agency Status Law freedoms guaranteed to them by international law, and ratified by (1952), major Zionist organizations have special parastatal status. Israel. It is impossible for Palestinians to have fair appeals in Israeli They manage land, housing and services exclusively for the Jewish courts to uphold their rights. A dual system of law discriminates population. As no non-Jewish organizations enjoy similar status, this between Jewish Israelis and indigenous Palestinians based on a yields a vastly inferior quality of life for the indigenous Palestinian constructed status of “Jewish nationality.” This prejudicial Arab community. (More on these mechanisms of material application of law is apparent in all processes of the legal system, discrimination below under the specific rights affected). from the rights to information and fair trial to detention and prison treatment. State policies compound judicial failures by contracting The State party has taken no measures to address the charters or parastatal institutions (WZO, JNF, etc.) to annex and manage the the operations of these parastatal institutions, which form the most properties confiscated from indigenous Palestinians by developing fundamental and pervasive institutional discrimination in the country, and transferring them to possession by “Jewish nationals” in disadvantaging the entire class of indigenous Palestinian Arab perpetuity. -
Zoologisch E Mededelingen
MINISTERIE VAN ONDERWIJS, KUNSTEN EN WETENSCHAPPEN ZOOLOGISCH E MEDEDELINGEN UITGEGEVEN DOOR HET RIJKSMUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE TE LEIDEN Vol. 40 no. 8 8 juli 1964 NEW RECORDS OF DECAPOD CRUSTACEA FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN COAST OF ISRAEL AND THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN by CH. LEWINSOHN Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University and L. B. HOLTHUIS Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden Since the publication by Holthuis & Gottlieb (1958) of a list of the Decapod Crustacea known at that time to inhabit the Mediterranean waters of Israel, several additional species, 18 in number, have been found in the area, while just prior to the issue of the paper by Holthuis & Gottlieb a publication by Forest & Guinot (1958) appeared in which one species not mentioned by the former authors was listed, namely Alpheus crassimanus Heller. The total number of Decapoda now known from the Mediterranean coast of Israel thus amounts to 137 (61 Brachyura, 21 Anomura anl 55 Macrura). In the present paper the 18 new records are enumerated, while moreover some interesting finds of Decapoda in the eastern Mediterranean within and outside Israel waters are discussed. The larger part of the new Israel species (12 of the 18) were collected in the littoral area, to the study of which during the last few years particular attention has been paid by the Zoology Department of Tel-Aviv University. Of these 12 species 8 are typically Mediterranean, 4 being of Indo-West Pacific origin; the latter must have reached the Israel coast by way of the Suez Canal. The continued research by Dr. E. Gilat (= E. -
Ancient Maresha and Eleutheropolis (City of the Free)”
“Ancient Maresha and Eleutheropolis (City of the Free)” The Impact of Change and of Roman Occupation On The Cities, The Hinterland and The People By Jean Margaret Swanson Bachelor of Arts (Honours), UWA This thesis is presented for the degree of Master of Arts of the University of Western Australia School of Humanities (Discipline of Classics and Ancient History), Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences Year of Submission: 2012 1 THE ELEUTHEROPOLIS MOSAIC AT CHURCH OF ST. STEPHEN UMM-ER-RASAS, JORDAN (See Ch. 4: 62) 2 ABSTRACT In this thesis I have explored a particular section of the history of Israel – the period from 500 BCE to 650 CE (which encompasses the periods of sovereignty of the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman authorities), and a particular section of the land – the ancient Biblical Tel Maresha and the nearby town of Beit Guvrin, which became the Roman city of Eleutheropolis. The evidence consists of literary records and archaeological exploration reports together with first-hand research, combined to provide insights on the lives of the people of this time, both urban and rural, their homes, foods, customs, beliefs, and if/how these changed as one conqueror succeeded another. Whilst the background to the thesis necessarily includes more ancient historical data, the emphasis is on the late Hellenistic and the Roman periods – 1st c BCE to 7th c CE – taking into account the various influences already present and the way in which these were affected by new ideas. Maresha was of significant importance in the early history of Judaea. It was located at the junction of a number of major roads, close to the main trade route which led from the north all the way to Egypt and less than a day’s journey from the major Mediterranean ports of Gaza and Ascalon. -
NYU Tel Aviv HBRJD-UA 9960 Methods and Practices in Archaeology: Caesarea Maritima As a Case Study
NYU Tel Aviv HBRJD-UA 9960 Methods and Practices in Archaeology: Caesarea Maritima as a Case Study Instructor Information ● Primary Instructor: Dr. Yifat Thareani; Mobile: ● Teaching Assistant: Dr. Elias Khamis; Mobile: ● Research and Administrative Assistant: Ms. Noa David; ● Office Hours: by appointment Course Information ● HBRJD-UA 9960 ● Methods and Practices in Archaeology: Caesarea Maritima as a Case Study ● Situated at the central Coastal Plain of modern Israel, Caesarea Maritima functioned as an important harbor in antiquity and its story is interwoven in the history Provincia Judea as well as in that of the Roman Empire. The key role that Caesarea played in antiquity is illustrated in its monumental architecture and rich material culture as well as in diverse historical sources. As one of the most extensively explored sites in Israel, Caesarea has been at the focus of archaeological attention ever since the inception of the discipline in the region. Various archaeological missions working in different parts of the site at different times produced a multitude of publications illuminating various aspects of the site and its inhabitants. Hence, any study of Caesarea Maritima embodies the potential of illuminating an array of geographical, economic and socio-political aspects in antiquity, far beyond the scope of the mere material culture manifestations – a laboratory for exercising various archaeological methods. The aim of this workshop is to shed light on some aspects of ancient life in a Mediterranean city. By exploring various material culture manifestations (e.g. architectural elements; ceramics; inscriptions; jewelry; bones), we will uncover parts of the urban life at Caesarea. In the framework of this workshop we will hold shared meetings and tours in which we will explore the way material culture and archaeological remains are processed and published (stratigraphy; architectural reconstruction; ceramic study; spatial analysis etc.). -
THE END of PAGAN TEMPLES in ROMAN PALESTINE Gregory
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: THE END OF PAGAN TEMPLES IN ROMAN PALESTINE Gregory William Stoehr, Doctor of Philosophy, 2018 Dissertation directed by: Professor Hayim Lapin, Department of History I am investigating fate of polytheist temples in Late Antique Roman Palestine, with a primary focus on the archaeological remains of the temples themselves. This focus is a deliberate effort to steer the conversation about “Christianization” and the “end of paganism” into the domain of empirical evidence. The inner religious states of individuals, and hence populations, confound efforts at quantification. Thus, this dissertation is instead an accounting of the fate of the public venues that were used by pagans, for specific ritual behavior that enhanced status, in what was the most significant part of the Empire in terms of the history of Christianity. Ancient Palestine in the third and early fourth centuries was part of the normal Mediterranean pagan milieu. Cities such as Bet Shean, Aelia Capitolina, and Caesarea Maritima provide us with evidence for dozens of pagan temples. This study finds evidence for forty-four temples. There were certainly many more than those for which we have evidence. All of these pagan temples eventually went out of commission. Only three temples in Palestine had endings that were remarkable enough to be preserved in the literary record. The ending of the rest was far less dramatic, if we even know about it. A combination of neglect, natural disaster, extended quarrying through time, and encroachment of ritual space by other buildings was significantly more common than more dramatic scenarios that involved overt social conflict. -
A Demographic Analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan: Ancient
i A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF LATE BRONZE AGE CANAAN: ANCIENT POPULATION ESTIMATES AND INSIGHTS THROUGH ARCHAEOLOGY by Titus Michael Kennedy 4812-032-4 Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in the subject BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA Supervisor: PROF COENRAAD SCHEEPERS Co-supervisor: DR SHIMON GIBSON 2013 ii I declare that: A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF LATE BRONZE AGE CANAAN: ANCIENT POPULATION ESTIMATES AND INSIGHTS THROUGH ARCHAEOLOGY is my own original and unaided work that has not been submitted to any other institution for assessment purposes. All sources and references have been acknowledged. Titus Michael Kennedy UNISA Student # 48120324 September 26, 2013 __________________ ___________________ SIGNATURE DATE iii ABSTRACT A Demographic Analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan: Ancient Population Estimates and Insights through Archaeology by Titus Michael Kennedy This thesis is a demographic analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan (ca. 1550/1500-1200/1150 BCE), undertaken through the use of archaeological and anthropological data. The purpose is to establish estimates for the settlement population, nomadic population, nuclear family size, house size, sex ratio, and life expectancy of the people of Canaan during the Late Bronze Age. Previous studies have not addressed these issues in detail, nor had data from the entire scope of Canaan been considered, nor had a precise methodology been developed or used for estimating specific settlement populations and nomadic populations for Canaan during the Late Bronze Age. Thus, additional aspects of the thesis include the development and use of a new methodology for estimating ancient populations and a database of all of the Late Bronze Age sites in Canaan—both archaeological and textual. -
Paneas Caesarea Philippi and the World of the Gospels
Paneas/Caesarea Philippi and the World of the Gospels John Francis Wilson Caesarea Philippi is a place name familiar to biblical scholars. This familiarity is almost exclusively due to its presence in one very familiar text: Matt 16:13–23. Recent archaeological excavations and the accompanying attention to ancient texts, geography, and contextual history that necessarily follow such excava‐ tions are transforming an obscure place‐name into a significant reality. This paper will be limited to a discussion of what we are learning about Caesarea Philippi that relates more or less directly to the study of the gospels and earliest Christianity. Attempts to consolidate disparate bits of data, such as the present one, are admittedly in a very early and very fluid state of development. Most of the topics mentioned are discussed more fully and accompanied with much fuller documentation in my book Caesarea Philippi: Banias, the Lost City of Pan (London: IB Taurus, 2004), chaps. 1–5, and in John Francis Wilson and Vassilios Tzaferis, “A Herodian Capital in the North: Caesarea Philippi (Panias),” in The World of the Herods (ed. Nikos Kokkinos; Oriens et Occidens 14; Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2007), 131–43. The first two volumes of the official excavation reports for Paneas are now also available.1 The Names The Paneion The name Paneion first appears in Polybius’ second‐century bce description of a battle between the Seleucids and the Ptolemies over the control of Coele Syria and Phoenicia.2 This name refers first to the large cave from which one of the major sources of the Jordan river flows and, by extension, the cult center dedicated to the god Pan that had developed around the cave and, by further extension, a geographical district named for the area’s most distinctive site. -
Eunuch on the Road to Gaza Before Continuing on from Azotus to Caesarea
The Acts of the Apostles ACTS Ramla Bay, Gozo, Malta. Taken from the western cliff. PhiliP’s Travels Philip was the second of the seven deacons appointed in 6:5, 6. Two journeys by Philip are recorded in 8:5–13 and 8:26–40. During his first, the city of Samaria was evangelized with great success. On the second, he preached to the Ethiopian eunuch on the road to Gaza before continuing on from Azotus to Caesarea. 34º344º E 334º 30' E 35º E 35º 30' E N 3232ºº 30 30'' N SAMARIA Caesarea Maritima Scythopolis “And the multitudes with one 5 (Beth Shean) accord heeded the things spoken by Philip, hearing and seeing the Samaria 2 r miracles which he did.”—Acts 8:6 (Sebaste) e v i Mount Ebal R n Neapolis a Sychar d PHILIP’SPHILIP’S TRAVELSTRAVELS Apollonia r (Shechem) o 1. PhilipPhilip becomes a deacon with six others (Acts(Acts 6:5). R. Mount Gerizim J kon 22. Philip travels to ""thethe city of SamariaSamaria,”” wherewhere Yar Antipatris Simon the sorcerer is converted (Acts 8:4 ff.). Joppa (Aphek) Lebonah 4 3. The road from Jerusalem to Gaza: Philip baptizes Thamna the Ethiopian eunuch (Acts 8:26 ff.). Ephraim 32º N 4. "Found at Azotus," Philip preaches from city to Lydda city until he reaches Caesarea (Acts 8:40). Gophna Archelais 5. Philip lives in Caesarea with his four virgin daughters, who are prophetesses. They are visited Jamnia 1 Jericho there by Paul (Acts 21:8 ff.). Emmaus Azotus JUDEA Jerusalem (Ashdod) 3 MEDITERRANEAN Ashkelon Qumran (Ascalon) Bethlehem SEA Betogabris (Beth Guvrin) Marisa (Mareshah) Anthedon Dead 20 miles Lachish Hebron 20 kilometers Neapolis Sea 31º 30' N Gaza En Gedi 349 © GeoNova 44 Philip's Travels third proof 10/6/09 Maps and Charts.indd 349 1/18/10 4:20:14 AM. -
Diplomacy, Society, and War in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, C.1240-1291
The Frankish Nobility and The Fall of Acre: Diplomacy, Society, and War in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, c.1240-1291 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Jesse W. Izzo IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Michael Lower October 2016 © Jesse W. Izzo, May 2016 i Acknowledgements It is a welcome task indeed to thank some of the many individuals and institutions that have helped me bring this project to fruition. I have enjoyed a good deal of financial support from various institutions without which this project would not have been possible. I extend my heartfelt thanks to the UMN Graduate School and College of Liberal Arts; to the History Department; to the Centers for Medieval Studies and Early Modern History at Minnesota; to the U.S. Department of Education for providing me with a Foreign Language and Area Studies award to study Arabic; and to the U.S.-Israel Education Foundation and Fulbright program, for making possible nine months of research in Jerusalem I cannot name all the marvelous educators I had in secondary school, so O.J. Burns and Ian Campbell of Greens Farms Academy in Westport, CT, two of the very best there have ever been, will need to stand for everyone. Again, I had too many wonderful professors as an undergraduate to thank them all by name, but I do wish to single out Paul Freedman of Yale University for advising my senior essay. My M.Phil. supervisor, Jonathan Riley-Smith, emeritus of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, helped set me on my way in researching the Crusades and the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, as he has done for so many students before me.