Subject Index

A allergic contact 104 AA, see alopecia areata Aloe barbadensis 350 absorption of light 390 alopecia areata (AA) 270 9-acetoxy-2,7,12,17-tetrakis-(β-methoxyethyl)- –– totalis 217 porphycene (ATMPn) 262 –– universalis 217 acitretin 91, 95, 142, 306 alpha-MSH, see alpha-melanocyte-stimulating acne 270 hormone –– vitiligo 165 alpha-tocopherol 350 –– vulgaris 218 amalgam technique 44 acrolentiginous melanoma 327 ambient temperature 43 acrylate polymer 340 aminobenzoates 335, 341 β-actin 109 amino carbon acid 404 actinic aminolevulinic acid (ALA) 243, 247, 261, –– degeneration 324 388, 404, 405, 429 –– dermatitis 379 –– application 406 –– test protocol 371 –– concentration 405 –– keratosis 243, 247, 249, 262, 263, 266, –– dehydratase 404 270, 321, 327, 349, 353 –– methylester 262 –– 120 –– non-photosensitizing 389 –– photochemotherapy 127 –– PDT 266 –– phototesting 126 –– side effect 408 –– phototherapy 126 –– synthase 404, 405 –– radiation/irradiation 18, 56 –– ΑLA/MAL –– reticuloid 129 –– tumor 403 action spectrum 51, 52, 82 δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) 388 activate protein kinase D 348 Δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) 429 activity spectra of erythema 18 5-aminolevulinic acid 233 acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) anaphylactic shock 127 –– treatment 194 anapsos 175 Addison’s disease 155 angry back syndrome 380 aerosol 47 anogenital condyloma acuminata 269 after-sun lotion 350 anthracycline 232 AIDS 91 anthralin 84, 90 –– psoriasis 91 antigen-presenting cells 68 aktilite 429 antihistamine 380 ALA, see aminolevulinic acid antimicrobial salicylanilides 381

433 434 Subject Index antioxidant 350 bisoctrizole 342, 356 antipsoriatic activity 82 bithionol 380 antithymocyte globulin (ATG) 188 black glass bulb 32 apoptosis 69 bladder cancer 390 –– UV radiation-induced 69 blister formation 187 arachidonic-acid metabolite 254 blue-sky radiation 47 arc tube 33 BM, see bone marrow 67, 69, 70, 104, 107, 296, bone marrow (BM) 186 306, 320, 323, 419, 420 –– stem cells 197 –– acute, severe exacerbation 106 –– transplantation 282, 283 –– chronic, moderate 112 Borrelia burgdorferi infection 211 –– concept-linked phototherapy 105 Bowen’s disease (BD) 258, 266, 267, 270, –– cream-PUVA 113 390, 392, 394, 396 –– eosinophil cationic protein 107 BPD-MA, see benzoporphyrin derivative –– extracorporeal photopheresis 110 monoacid ring A –– inhalant allergen patch test 115 broadband –– monotherapeutic approach 107 –– UVA lamps 196 –– narrowband UVB phototherapy 112 –– UVB therapy –– prophylaxis 114 –– guidelines 418 –– PUVA therapy 110 bronchial carcinoma 390, 403 –– topical glucocorticosteroid 298 brown pigmentation 315 –– topical immunosuppressant 114 built-in ignition probe 32 –– topical steroid treatment 114 bulb 28, 40 –– UVA-1 –– blackening 28 –– phototherapy 106, 297 –– glass 40 –– radiation 70 –– material 40 –– UVA/UVB phototherapy 112 –– pear-shaped 28 –– vesicular eczema of palms and soles 113 –– transmissivity 42, 43 avobenzone 342, 356 –– alteration by Doping 43 azathioprine 193, 285, 288, 289 –– alteration thin layers 42 Bunsen-Roscoe law 55, 58 B balneophototherapy 219 C basal cell carcinoma (BCC) 94, 258, 266, calcineurin inhibitor 159, 175 268, 270, 319, 392, 394, 396, 409 calcipotriol 84, 90, 175 bath-PUVA 422, 424 calcium 175 –– dosimetry 425 camphor derivative 335 –– therapy 88, 95, 140 canthaxanthin 158 BCC, see basal cell carcinoma capacitive condenser 30 beam energy density 9 carbon arc lamp 428 bemotrizinol 342, 356 carcinogenesis 84 benoxaprofen 384 carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract 403 benzocaine 352 carmustine (BCNU) 136, 140 benzophenone 335, 341 carprofen 384 benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A CAT, see chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (BPD-MA) 259 cataract 93 bergamot oil 348 cavity radiator 26, 27 bergapten 86, 348 cell surface receptor 67 beta-carotene 158, 350, 353 chemical tanning 158 –– photodermatoses 351 chloramphenicol acetyl transferase bifunctional psoralens 86 (CAT) 230 biosynthetic melanin 348 chloroquine 211, 212, 289 Subject Index 435 chlorpromazine 384 –– effectiveness of retinoids 140 –– hydrochloride 381 –– erythrodermic stage 283 cholestatic pruritus 215 –– maintenance therapy 137 chromophore 81 –– photochemotherapy (PUVA) 139, 143 chronic –– PUVA monotherapy 145 –– actinic dermatitis (CAD) 120, 129, 371 –– PUVA treatment protocol 145 –– photo(chemo)therapy 130 –– response rates 139 –– allergic contact dermatitisof the hands 209 –– UVA-1 phototherapy 299 –– dyshidrotic eczema, partial body UVA-1 –– UVB phototherapy 137 phototherapy 113 cut-off filter 40, 369 –– myeloid leukemia (CML) 193 cut-on filter 40 –– palmar eczema 209 cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers 325, 328, 349 –– vesicular dyshidrotic eczema 113, 210, cyclophosphamide 159, 214, 289 306 cyclosporin ciclosporin 212 –– cyclosporine A plus PUVA therapy 90 cinnamates 335, 341 cytokine 66, 67, 87, 104, 186, 255 cis-platinum 231 –– stimulation 68 climatotherapy 80 CML, see chronic myeloid leukemia D coal 384 Darier’s sign 213 collagenase I 302 dark lentigines 93 collagen-induced arthritis 255 daylight, see also sunlight 46 color impressions 11 debulking 430 computation process 52 deck chair sign 219 concave mirrors 13 dental engineering 29 conjunctivitis 125, 315 dermal fibroblasts 302 contact hypersensitivity 356 dermatitis herpetiformis 220 continuous spectrum 16 dermatoheliosis 93 coproporphyrin 403 dermatological therapy 64 corneal ulceration 125 dermatosclerosis 211 corticosteroid 90, 144, 159, 175, 188, 193, dermatoscopy 388 287, 380 dermatosis 64 corynebacterium minutissimum 398 –– human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 216 cream-PUVA 422 desensitization 124 –– dosimetry 425 diacylglycerols 348 –– photochemotherapy 113 dibenzoyl methane 342 Crohn’s disease 283 dibromol solution 393 cryosurgery 408 digital wattmeter 369 cryotherapy 160, 212, 266 dihematoporphyrin ester/ether 389 CTCL, see cutaneous T-cell lymphoma dihydroxyacetone (DHA) 89, 157, 348 curelight system 429 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 403, 405 current-limiting adapter systems 32 diode lasers 243 cutaneous discharge lamps 23, 29 –– erythema 328 –– negative current–resistance –– erythematosus 347 characteristic 29 –– lymphocytes 82 dithranol 269 –– mastocytosis 301 DNA 73, 81, 87, 93 –– metastases of breast cancer 259 –– damage 93, 231, 318 –– photosensitivity 247 –– photodamage 327 –– T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) 67, 136, 143, –– photoproducts 73 145, 259, 282, 320, 425 –– UVB radiation-induced 73 –– ECP 195, 283 –– repair enzyme 73, 349 436 Subject Index

–– repair liposomes 334 –– PUVA treatment 69 –– replication 87 –– hyperplasia 128, 173 –– synthesis 81 –– keratinocyte 64, 82, 109 doping of the glass 43 –– Langerhans’ cell 106, 138 dose 22, 55 epidermodysplasia verruciformis 270 –– determination 55 epithelial cell apoptosis 187 dosimetry 50, 83, 420 epithelial neoplasms 394 drometrizole trisiloxane 342, 356 erythema 83, 86, 143, 314, 327, 418 dye laser –– 8-MOP-induced 87 –– argon-ion-pumped 243, 258 –– broadband UVB-induced 314 –– long-pulsed flash-lamp-pumped 266 –– delayed phototoxic 87 dyskeratosis 187 –– gradation 57 –– starting point of appearance 56 E –– sunburn-like 86 ECP, see extracorporeal photopheresis –– sun-induced 329 eczema 209 –– threshold dose 58 –– herpeticum 307 –– UVA-induced 315 EGF, see epidermal growth factor –– UVB-induced 164 Einstein relation 9, 37 –– weighted irradiance 54 elastometry 302 erythroderma 136, 284 electrical oscillations 4 erythrodermic disease 209 –– radiation 25 erythropoietic protoporphyria 269, 348, 350, –– emission 391 356, 369, 404 –– spectrum 10 –– beta-carotene 351 –– wave, see also there 4, 5, 9, 10, –– test protocol 370 –– classification 10 etretinate 90, 141 –– energy 9 eumelanin 329 electron-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) 137, excess phototoxicity 92 140 excimer laser 162, 163, 429 electronic adapter system 30 exfoliative cheilitis 126 electron semi-stable condition 391 experimental allergic encephalomyelitis 255 electron volt (eV) 9 extracorporeal ellipsoidal mirror 34 –– CTCL 283 ellipsoids 29 –– photochemotherapy 129 emanation theory 4 –– photopheresis (ECP) 70, 110, 111, 142, emollients 106 195, 282 endogenous chromophores 81 extraterrestrial radiation 47 endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) 287 eye 19 T4 endonuclease 349 –– conjunctivitis 57 endoplasmic reticulum 253 –– keratitis 57 eosinophil cationic protein 106, 297 –– luminosity factor 18 eosinophilia 215, 219 –– protection 92, 138 eosinophilic –– sensitivity 11 –– dermatoses –– spectral luminous efficiency 19 –– Nir-Westfried 215 –– folliculitis 216, 305 F –– HIV-associated 217 fas ligand 71 –– HIV-infected patients 217, 233 FD, see fluorescence diagnosis –– of Ofuji 215 ferrochelatase 249, 404, 405 –– leukaemia 215 fibroblasts 325 epidermal film projection 35 –– growth factor (EGF) 69 Fitzpatrick skin type 321 Subject Index 437

5-fluouracil 159 –– lichen-planus-like 188 flourescence –– morphea-like 195 –– microscopy 267 –– phototherapy fluocortolone 108, 298 –– with Long-Wave Ultraviolet A fluorescence 24, 261, 335, 406 (UVA1) 196 –– analysis 392 –– with UVB 197 –– bulbs 94, 169 –– PUVA 188 –– cystoscopy 392 –– scleroderma-like variants 188, 196 –– demarcation of tumors 394 –– treatment 194 –– detection techniques 390 graft-versus-host reactions (GvHR) 186 –– diagnosis (FD) 388 graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) reaction 188 –– ALA/MAL-induced porphyrins 390 granulocyte colony-stimulating factor –– dermatology 392 (G-CSF) 254 –– implementation 393 granuloma annulare (GA) 212 –– indication 392 gratings 13, 14 –– parameter 405 green tea 351 –– physical background 390 griseofulvin 211 –– emission 391 Grothus-Draper law 52 –– endoscopy 34 Grover’s disease 219 –– lamps 17, 37–39, 43, 46, 81, 104, 137, GvHR, see graft-versus-host reactions 417, 428 GvL reaction, see graft-versus-leukemia –– properties 39 reaction –– UV-A applications 38 –– microscopy 34, 406 H –– photometry 391 hairpin lamps 31 –– precanceroses 394 halogen lamps 28, 369 fold integral 52 –– technical property 29 Fourier analysis 5 halo (Sutton) nevi 156 Frank-Condon principle 391 hardening effect 121 heart transplantation 287 G HeLa cells 230 gas-filled lamps 23 heliotherapy 80 G-CSF, see granulocyte colony-stimulating –– psoriasis 80 factor hematoporphyrin 242, 260, 388, 389 gene-specific repair mechanisms 73 heme biosynthesis 389 genital hepatic disease 215 –– carcinoma 321 hepatitis C infection 289 –– lichen sclerosus 307 hepatotoxicity 175 Geralen 422 herpes simplex global radiation 47 –– infection 315 glucocorticoid 288 –– virus 269 glucocorticosteroid 108, 298 hexachlorophene 380 glycine 404 high-dose UVA-1 therapy guidelines 420 gold 212 high pressure mercury lamps 32 Gorlin-Goltz syndrome 267 –– property 32 graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) 186, 188, hirsutism 270 194–197, 282, 283 histamine 254, 255 –– definition 186 histidine 348 –– ECP 195 histiocytosis X 214 –– extracorporeal photopheresis 111 HIV, see human immunodeficiency virus –– immunosuppression 186 HLA, see human leukocyte antigen –– lichenoid 188 home tanning 170 438 Subject Index house-dust-mite allergen 114 immunostimulation 284 HpD 259 immunosuppression 186, 314 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 92, –– UV-induced 328 304 incandescent lamp 23, 26–28, 39 –– activation, UV-induced 231 Indomethacin 351 –– gene expression 230 inductive coils 30 –– infection 216, 230 infrared radiation 4, 10 –– adverse effects of phototherapy 232 inhalant allergen 104 –– safety of phototherapy 233 –– patch test 115 –– long terminal repeat (LTR) 230 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 –– PUVA-induced promoter activation 92 (ICAM-1) 67, 349 –– replication in skin 232 interferon (IFN) 66, 284 –– serology 236 –– IFN-α 142 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) 186 –– monotherapy 141 hyaluronic acid (HA) 325 –– Th1-cell expression 109 hydroa vacciniforme 120 –– IFN-γ 66, 67, 104, 109 –– photochemotherapy 126 –– antibody 142 –– phototherapy 125 –– plus acitretin 142 –– test protocol 370 interleukin (IL) 104, 187 hydrogen peroxide 325, 329 –– IL-1 67, 187 hydrophilicity 247 –– IL-4 104, 109 hydroxyl radical 325 –– IL-6 67, 187 hypereosinophilic syndrome 215, 216 –– IL-10 66, 232 –– HIV-associated 216 ionizing radiation 144 hyperkeratosis 136, 173, 210 IPD, see immediate pigment darkening hyperkeratotic irradiance 22, 50, 58 –– dermatitis 210 –– erythema-active 58 –– eczema 210 –– spectral distribution 50 hypertrichosis 93 irradiation, see also radiation –– PUVA-induced 171 –– devices 430 hypertrophic scar 261 –– effects 18 hypomelanoses 153 –– time 50 hypopigmentation 152 isoprinosin 159 isotretinoin 91, 141 I ICAM-1, see intercellular adhesion molecule-1 J Ichthyosis linearis circumflexa 219 Jurkat cells 71 idiopathic –– lichen planus 188 K –– photodermatoses 120 Kaposi´s sarcoma 259, 394 IFN, see interferon (IFN) –– AIDS-associated 259 ignition systems 29 keloid 306 IL, see interleukin (IL) keratin 348 illuminance 55 –– gene 326 –– meter 18, 55 keratinocyte 66, 67, 69, 109, 138, 232, 325 immediate pigment darkening (IPD) 338 –– disturbed calcium homeostasis 156 immune suppression –– hyperproliferation 64 –– UV-radiation-induced 355 –– ICAM-1 expression 67, 68 immunomodulatory –– IL-1 receptor expression 68 –– effect 73 keratitis 315 –– mediator 66 keratoacanthoma 145, 392 immunophenotyping 142 keratolysis 270 Subject Index 439 keratosis 171 lipid peroxidation 87 Keratosis lipophilicity 247, 404, 405 –– lichenoides chronica 210 liposomes 340 khellin 161, 167, 169, 175 –– DNA repair enzymes 349 kinetic energy 9 –– T4-endonuclease-V-containing 349 Köbner reaction/phenomenon 155, 164, 167 transaminases 168 krypton lamp 36 localized scleroderma 304, 420 long-wavelength L –– infrared 10 Lambert-Beer law 391 –– UV radiation 11, 12 lamp low pressure mercury vapor lamps 31 –– average rated lifetime 45 –– ozone-free (OFR) 31 –– burning-in time 44 –– ozone-generating (OZ) 31 –– distribution of energy 20 –– property 31 –– emission 40 LP, see lichen planus –– radiant intensity 22 L-phenylalanine 168, 170, 171 –– spatial intensity distribution 20 LSA, see lichen sclerosus et atrophicus –– specifications 40 luminous flux 44 –– TL-01 319 lupus Langerhans’ cell 64, 67, 68, 82, 106, 110 –– erythematosus (LE) 218, 307, 373, 374, –– antigen-presenting 328 394 L-ascorbic acid 350 –– test protocol 374 laser 12 –– vulgaris 80 law of Kirchhoff 27 lutetium texaphyrin 259 LE, see lupus erythematosus Lyme arthritis 287 LED, see light-emitting diodes lymphadenopathy 136 lentigo 321, 323 lymphocyte photopheresis-treated 195 –– maligna 394 lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) –– sun-induced 324 –– PUVA 208 leonine facies 136 lysosome 253 leprosy 154 leukocyte photoactivation 196 M leukoderma 85, 152–154, 156, 160 MA, see monoadducts –– post-syphilitic 154 macrophages 328 leukotrichia 152 macropigments 347 –– depigmentation 152 macular-papular rash 187 levamisole 159 maculopapules 214 lichen MAL, see methylester aminolevulinate –– amyloidosus 220 Malassezia furfur 154 –– myxedematosus 214 malignant melanoma 93, 110, 317, 320, 394 –– planus (LP) 187, 194, 207 –– UVR-Induced 322 –– hyperkeratotic 207 mammalian cells 324 –– PUVA 207 mast cell 110 –– sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) 212 –– degranulation 129 Lichtschwiele 173 –– leukaemia 213 light 4, 7, 11, 19 –– skin-infiltrating 71, 301 –– cabinet 428 mastocytoma 213 –– electromagnetic theory 4 mastocytosis 213 –– source 22 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 66, 67, –– velocity 4, 7 325 light-emitting diodes (LED) 39 –– protease 67 light-protective bandage 394 maximum pressure lamps 34 440 Subject Index mechlorethamine 136, 140, 144 minor histocompatibility antigens MED, see minimal erythema doses (miHA) 186 medium-wavelength minoxidil 175 –– infrared 10 mitochondria 253 –– UV radiation 12 mitomycin C 231 MEL, see monochromatic excimer lamp molecular oxygen 86 melanin 329 monoadduct (MA) 86 –– pigmentation 153, 157 monochromatic excimer lamp (MEL) 163 melanocyte 175, 329 monochromator 18, 368 –– transfer 159 –– dosimetry 369 –– tyrosinase-positive 153 –– phototesting 128 melanocytic nevus 156, 354 monocyte 68, 69 melanogenesis 349 mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 (Npe6) 260 melanoma 319, 355 morphea 211, 323 –– mortality 327 MPD, see minimal phototoxic dose –– risk 323, 327, 354 multiple sclerosis 289 melphalan 214 murine keratinocytes 73 menthyl anthranilate 342 mutagenesis 355 mercury mycophenolate mofetil 188, 194 –– atom 44 mycosis fungoides 136, 140, 141, 259, 268, –– lamp 17 299, 392, 394 –– vapor arc lamp 428 –– action mechanisms of PUVA 144 metal –– early-stage 140 –– halide lamp 33, 34, 82, 87, 163, 169, 170, –– phototoxicity 144 383 –– plaque-stage 141, 268 –– properties 34 myelodysplastic syndrome 215 –– halide source 368 –– vapors 23 N metastatic melanoma 259 narrowband methotrexate 95, 285, 320, 321 –– phototherapy 84 methoxsalen 86 –– ultraviolet B radiation 94 methoxypsoralen (MOP) 320 –– guidelines 419 – 5-MOP 86, 123, 167, 193, 348, 422 natural daylight 46 – 8-MOP 85, 86, 123, 143, 167, 193, 207, necrobiosis lipoidica 219 282, 422 neoplasm, UV-radiation-induced 326 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetic acid 213 neuropeptide 66 methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) 429 neutropenia 254 methylene blue 269 neutrophils 328 methylester aminolevulinate (MAL) 388 nevocytic nevus 394 meticulous sun protection 157 nevoid BCC syndrome 267 Metvix application 406 nevus cell nevi 354 micrococcus luteus lysate 349 NFκB β²-microglobulin 217 –– oligonucleotide decoys 233 micropigments 347 –– pathway 233 microscopy 267 niacinamide 212 miHA, see minor histocompatibility antigens noncoherent light sources 430 minimal non-Hodgkin lymphomas 136 –– erythema dose (MED) 82, 83, 121, 162, nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) 82, 93, 246, 336, 418 125, 318, 353, 430 –– phototoxic dose (MPD) 193, 316 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs –– urticarial dose (MUD) 127 (NSAIDs) 289 nuclear DNA 81 Subject Index 441

O phagocytosis 70 octocrylene 342 –– apoptotic cells 70 odor of ozone 41 phenothiazine 378, 384 ohm resistors 30 phenylalanine cream 169 olaquindox 381 phenytoin 211 optical pheomelanin 329 –– radiation, see also radiation 4, 9, 12 phorbol esters 349 –– spectroscopic instruments 12 phosphorescence 335, 391 –– spectral range 8 photoaggravation 384 oral –– dermatoses 368 –– lichen planus 289 photoaging 84, 165, 171, 304, 314, 326, 353 –– photochemotherapy 137 –– UVA/UVB-induced 324 organic peroxide 325 photoallergic contact reactions 352 organ transplantation 287 photoallergy 371 oxidative photocarcinogenesis 314, 317 –– phosphorylation 325 photochemotherapy 64, 66, 73, 314 –– stress 325, 328 –– acute side effects 315 oxsoralen 422 –– adverse reactions 170 oxybenzone 352 –– beneficial effects 66 oxygen 249 –– in children 174 –– ion 43 –– photobiological aspects 73 –– psoralens 85 P –– solar irradiations (PUVASol) 169 p53 –– therapeutic effect 171 –– mutations 318 –– topical 168 –– suppressor gene 326 –– vitiligo 152, 166 Paget’s disease 394 photocontact allergy 381 palmoplantar photodamage 125, 314, 317 –– dermatoses 209 –– solar radiation 326 –– psoriasis 88, 210, 270 –– UV-induced 329 –– pustulosis 210 photodermatosis 108, 120, 125, 334, 356, pansclerotic morphea 211, 212 379 papular erythroderma of Ofuji 219 –– diagnosis 368 papulovesicular eruptions 125 –– idiopathic 120 para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) 340, 352 –– UVA-sensitive 296 paraboloids 29 photodynamic para-dimethyl-aminobenzoate –– action 388 (padimate A) 342 –– diagnosis (PDD) 390 para-phenylenediamine 352 –– effect 388 patch test 371 –– therapy (PDT) 241, 429 PBSC, see peripheral blood stem cells –– biological effects 252 PDT, see photodynamic therapy (PDT) –– cutaneous metastases of breast pemphigus vulgaris 284 cancer 258 penicillamine 211, 285, 286 –– dosimetry 243 perforating dermatoses 220 –– history 242 peripheral blood –– in dermatology 255 –– eosinophilia 108, 215 –– light sources 243, 245 –– stem cells (PBSC) 186 –– photofrin protocols 246 peroxyl radical 325 –– photo-oxidative reactions 249 persistent –– photosensitizer 241, 246, 247 –– arthropod reactions 220 –– systemic 256 –– pigment darkening (PPD) 338 –– topical, see there 442 Subject Index

–– tumor ablation 254 –– adverse reactions 170 –– tumor regression 254 –– artificial UV source 161 photofrin 241, 243, 246, 254, 259, 390 –– atopic dermatitis 104 photographic detector 14 –– dermatological 64 photoimmunology 65 –– efficacy 84 photoinhibition 127 –– guidelines 416 photoinstability 342 –– HIV-infected patient 91 photometry 21 –– laser 429 –– spectral measurements 339 –– principle and mechanism 81 photon energy 9 –– psoriasis 80, 83 photo-onycholysis 92, 315 –– side effects 84 photopatch test (PPT) 371, 372, 378–380, –– UVA-1 419 383, 385 –– UVB 417 –– grading 383 –– without photosensitizer 417 –– indications 379 phototoxic erythema, delayed reaction 422 –– methodology 379 phototoxicity 315 –– non-irradiated test site results 384 phototumorigenesis model 320 –– photoallergic reactions 378, 384 physical sunblocking agents 335, 347, 356 –– phototoxic reactions 378, 383 pigment darkening 314 –– relevance of test results 385 pimecrolimus 159 –– substance 380, 381 pityriasis photopheresis –– lichenoides –– immunosuppression 288 –– acuta (PLA) 208 –– organ transplantation 288 –– chronica (PLC) 208 –– T-cell-mediated diseases 284 –– rosea (PR) 208 photophobia 125 –– rubra pilaris 306 photoprick test 372, 373 –– versicolor 154 photoprotection 334, 358 pixel detectors 14 –– immune suppression 353 PLA, see pityriasis lichenoides acuta –– photoaging 353 Planck –– photodermatosis 356 –– constant 9 –– photosensitive Disease 356 –– law 26, 27, 47 –– skin cancer 353 –– radiator 24, 26 –– textiles 351 plaque psoriasis 269 photoprovocation testing 108, 121, 296 plasmapheresis 127, 129 photoscratch test 372, 373 PLC, see pityriasis lichenoides chronica photosensitive disease 356 PLE, see polymorphic light eruption photosensitization poikiloderma 194 –– against chemical UV filters 352 point radiation sources 34 –– tumor-selective 389 polycythemia rubra vera (PRV) 215 photosensitizer 246, 378, 422, 429 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based –– cellular uptake 247 assay 230 –– disulfonated 253 polymorphic light eruption (PLE) 108, 120, –– intersystem crossing 252 121, 315 –– localization 247 –– desensitization 122, 124 –– second-generation 249 –– photochemoprevention 121 –– silicon phthalocyanine 253 –– photochemotherapy 123 photostability testing 342 –– photoprevention 121 phototesting 94, 121, 163, 368, 417 –– photoprovocation 121 phototherapy 64, 84, 104, 126, 314 –– phototherapy 121 –– acute side effects 315 –– test protocol 369 Subject Index 443 polypodium leucotomos 175, 334, 350, 351 psoralen 160 porfimer sodium 241, 243, 256 –– action spectrum 87 –– Bowlen`s disease 258 –– bath 422 porphycenes 262 –– 8-methoxypsoralen 110 porphyria 368 –– photochemotherapy 85, 206 –– cutanea tarda (PCT) 404 –– treatment of psoriasis 80 porphyrin 243, 249, 256, 388, 389, 398, 429 –– photosensitization 87 –– ALA-induced 261 –– plus UVA (PUVA) therapy, see also PUVA –– biosynthesis 398, 403, 404 64, 95, 297 –– fluorescence 267, 390, 392, 393, 395, 398, –– psoriasis 64, 67, 68, 80, 83–85, 88, 89, 91, 406, 408 143, 144, 163, 207, 209, 260, 270, 305, 316, –– ALA-induced 398, 408 320, 402 –– metabolism in tumor tissues 404 –– arthritis 287 –– metabolite 403, 406 –– HIV-infected patient 91, 233 –– molecules 261 –– lesions 392 port-wine stains 261 –– maintenance therapy 84, 89 potassium iodide 212 –– phototherapy 80 poynting vector 9 –– plaque-type 83, 84, 269 PPD, see persistent pigment darkening –– PUVA 68, 88 PPT, see photopatch testing –– remission 85 prednicarbate 111 –– seborrheic forms 83 prednisolone 144 –– treatment 89 prednisone 144, 194 –– vulgaris 268 preprogrammed cell death 297 –– topical PDT 268 prism 13 PSS, see progressive systemic sclerosis –– monochromator 14 purpura pigmentosa 211 procaine 352 pustulosis 209 proflavine 269 PUVA 85, 87, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94, 123, 194, progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) 285 197, 210, 314, 416 proinflammatory cytokines 66 –– adverse events 315 promethazine hydrochloride 380 –– bath 194, 197, 210, 424 propagation velocity 7, 8 –– carcinogenesis 94 propionibacteria 394 –– cutaneous carcinogenicity 321 propylene glycol 209 –– dosimetry 424 prostaglandins 66 –– erythema 87 prostanoid 66, 67 –– fluorescent lamps 382 protein kinase 325 –– hardening 123 protein-kinase-C-stimulating properties 349 –– HIV-infected patient 91 protoporphyrin 398, 405 –– lentiginosis 93 –– IX (PpIX) 243 –– lentigo 171, 322 provocative phototesting 369, 374 –– long-term side effects 171 pruriginous skin lesions 126 –– monotherapy 142 prurigo –– overdoses 88, 92 –– nodularis 219 –– photochemotherapy, adverse events 316 –– simplex subacuta 219 –– pigmentation 88 pruritus 121, 136, 208, 212–216 –– practical aspect 421 –– HIV-associated 216 –– principle and mechanism 85 –– HIV-infected patient 233 –– side effects 92 –– PRV-associated 216 –– therapy PRV, see polycythemia rubra vera –– guidelines 423 pseudocatalase 175 pyrimidine dimer 81, 318 444 Subject Index

Q SCLE, see subacute cutaneous lupus Q-band 430 erythematosus Q-switched ruby laser 160 scleroderma 194, 211, 285, 297, 301–303, quantum theory 5 307, 421 quartz glass–ultrasil bulb 41 –– adultorum 304 quick tanning lotion 348 sclerodermoid connective tissue diseases 196 quinidine sulphate 380 scleromyxedema 214 sclerosing skin diseases R –– long-wave ultraviolet A (UVA1) 196 radiance 21 sclerosis 193 radiant SCT, see stem cell transplantation –– efficiency 20 seborrheic –– energy 20 –– dermatitis (SD) 209 –– exposure 22 –– keratosis 398, 400 –– flux 20 selective ultraviolet phototherapy (SUP) 163, –– intensity 20 218 –– power 20 self-radiation of the corona 47 radiation self-tanning 348 –– activity 56 serotonin 301 –– artificial source 17 Sézary syndrome 70, 111, 136, 140, 142, –– characterization 5 282, 283 –– dose 94 –– extracorporeal photopheresis 111 –– erythema-effective 19 short arc mercury lamps, see also maximum –– frequency 8 pressure lamps 34, 35 –– intensities 22 –– properties 35 –– ozone-generating 33 short-wavelength –– quantitative features 19 –– infrared 10 –– sources 82 short-wavelength radiation 12, 25 –– spectral composition 12 Sicca syndrome 194 –– spectral distribution 18 silicon dioxide 428 –– transmissivity 43 singlet oxygen 71, 73, 86, 246, 252, 297, radiator 308, 325, 327, 350 –– economic aspects 24 –– production 71 –– specific applications 24 –– quenchers 73 radiometer 18 singlet status 249 –– measurement 18 sinusoidal wave 6 rainbow-colored solar spectrum 4 skin reactive oxygen species (ROS) 325, 328 –– cancer 317, 321, 327 reflector lamps 30 –– arsenic-induced 248 repigmentation, PUVA-induced 174 –– racial differences 322 RePUVA 90 –– significance of UV dose 318 retinoid 84, 90, 207, 211, 212 –– carcinogenesis 80, 81, 320 –– teratogenicity 91 –– disease 64, 69, 74, 269, 297 –– therapy 325 –– human papilloma virus (HPV)- rheumatoid arthritis 286, 287 associated 269 ROS, see reactive oxygen species –– T-cell-mediated 69, 74, 297 rotating prism 14 –– eruption, lichen-planus-like 187 –– lesions 302 S –– sclerosis 302 salicylates 335, 341 –– phototype 358 SCC, see squamous cell carcinomas –– pigmentation 57 Subject Index 445

–– protection 157 stress response in mammalian cells 69 –– psoralen level 90 subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus –– PUVA-induced pain 92 (SCLE) 307 –– sclerosis 67 subcorneal pustular dermatosis 215 –– tumor 193 succinyl-CoA 404 sky radiation 47 sulfadiazine 352 sodium 17 sulfanilamide 352 –– lamps 31 sulphanilamide 380 –– lauryl sulfate 115 sulphonamides 378, 381 –– salicylate 233 sulphones 212, 215 solar sun –– elastosis 321, 353 –– exposure 121, 157 –– keratosis (SK) 390, 392–394, 397, 399, –– protection 400, 405, 408 –– factor (SPF) 336 –– phototherapy 161 –– high-SPF 358 –– radiation 47 –– radiation 47 –– simulation 35 sunblocking –– urticaria (SU) 120, 368 –– agents 335, 347 –– photochemotherapy 128 –– preparation, macropigment-based 347 –– phototesting 127 sunburn 81, 84, 155, 328, 358 –– phototherapy 128 –– cells 81 –– test protocol 370 sunlight 4, 23, 46 solid-state UV radiation sources 39 –– exposure 124 soret band 430 –– spectral composition 13 SPD, see spectral power distribution –– spectral distributions 17 spectral sunscreen 334 –– absorption diagram 52 –– ingredients 342 –– action curve 51 –– melanoma prevention 354 –– analysis 18 –– photoprotective capacity 335 –– composition of radiation 12 –– preparation 340, 347, 352, 356 –– instrument 16 –– adverse reactions 352 –– luminosity factor 11 –– macropigment-containing 356 –– power distribution (SPD) 12, 15 –– micropigment-containing 347 –– radiation 15 –– products –– distribution 47 –– antioxidants 350 –– refraction 13 –– miscellaneous agents 350 –– resolution 16 –– topical, see there –– transmission of bulb glasses 41 –– UV filters 340 –– value curves for color computation 18 –– water resistance 340, 341 spectrograph 12 suntan 326 spectrometer 12 –– preparation SPF, see sun protection factor –– psoralen-containing 348 spongiotic dermatitis 371 SUP, see selective ultraviolet phototherapy squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 94, 123, superficial neoplastic tissues 406 145, 193, 258, 307, 317, 319, 392, 394, 403 superoxide anions 329 –– photodynamic therapy (PDT) 242 systemic Stefan-Boltzmann law 25 –– lupus erythematosus (SLE) 288 stem cell transplantation (SCT) 186 –– activity measure 219 steroid 289 –– disease activity index 219 Stock’s rule 391 –– photochallenge, test protocol 373 stratum corneum 157, 314, 372 –– photodynamic therapy 256 446 Subject Index

–– non-oncological indications 260 –– oncological indications 262 –– oncological indications 258 –– porphycenes 262 –– sclerosis 304 –– photodynamic therapy 261 –– sunscreen 334 T transient acantholytic dermatosis 219 tacrolimus 114, 159 trichrome vitiligo 152 tan inducers 348 trimethylpsoralen 320 tanning 88, 327, 339 –– TMP 86 –– bergapten-induced 348 trimethylpsoralen (TMP) 86 tar preparation 90 trioxsalen 143 tat gene 230 –– baths 214 T cell 69 tryptophan 348 –– graft-reactive 195 tubular radiator 31 –– lymphoma 141 tumor –– radiation-induced apoptosis 70 –– fluorescence 390 –– skin-infiltrating 69 –– marker 390 telangiectasia 324 –– necrosis factor (TNF) 66 terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic –– receptor 69 acid 342 –– of the gastrointestinal tract 390 terrestrial solar radiation 47 –– suppressor gene product p53 81 tetrahydrobiopterin 156 –– TNF-α 67, 187, 232, 255 17-tetrakis-(β-methoxyethyl)-porphycene –– TNF-β 67 (ATMPn) 262 TUNEL method 72 tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin tungsten (mTHPC) 260 –– gaseous halides 28 tetrasodium-meso- –– wire 23, 27 tetraphenylporphinesulfonate (TPPS4) 262 –– coil-shaped 27 thalidomide 188, 193 twenty-nail dystrophy 220 T-helper cells –– apoptosis 70, 297 U –– lymphocytes 104 ulcerative colitis 283 –– lymphoma 136 ultraviolet –– skin-infiltrating 297 –– erythema 56 therapeutic –– phototherapy 206 –– photoimmunology 64 –– vitiligo 152 –– thermal octave 10 –– protection factor (UPF) 352 thermal radiation 23, 25, 42 –– radiation (UV) 4, 10, 11, 64, 328 thermopile 369 –– carcinogenic effect 317 threshold dose 57 –– effects on keratin expression 326 thymidine dinucleotides 349 –– radiator 22 thymine dimer 73 –– response 325 tiaprofenic acid 384 undulatory theory 4 tin-protoporphyrin 260 UP, see urticaria pigmentosa titanium dioxide 335 215 T lymphocytes 297 uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase 404 TMP, see trimethylpsoralen urothelial neoplasm 390 TNF, see tumor necrosis factor urticaria topical –– pigmentosa (UP) 71, 72, 213, 300, 307 –– 8-methoxypsoralen 168 –– PUVA 301 –– PDT –– solaris 356 –– non-oncological indications 268 urticarial eruption 128 Subject Index 447

UVA (ultraviolet radiation A) –– PAUVA 168 –– protection factor 338 –– perifollicular dots of pigmentation 166 –– UVA-1 phototherapy –– photochemotherapy 160, 165, 169 –– atopic dermatitis 297 –– dosimetry 169 –– connective tissue disease 301 –– radiation Sources 169 –– cutaneous T-cell lymphoma 299 –– phototesting 162 –– dosimetry 420 –– phototherapy 160, 163 –– HIV-positive patient 304 –– adverse effects 164 –– indication 296 –– light source 163 –– miscellaneous indication 306 –– phototoxicity 162, 167 –– photopheresis system 196 –– psychosocial impact 156 –– side effects 307 –– PUVA 166 –– urticaria pigmentosa 300 –– repigmentation 86, 173 UVB (ultraviolet radiation B) 69 –– segmental 161 –– downregulation of the signaling –– spontaneous repigmentation 153 receptor 69 –– sun protection 157 –– overdosing 92 –– treatment 157, 162 –– phototherapy 417 –– ultraviolet radiation-based therapies 152 –– dosimetry 417 von Willebrand factor 254 –– side effects 92 vulval lichen sclerosus 307 –– sunscreens 170 UVED, see UV-emitting solid state devices W uveitis 155 watt 19 UV-emitting solid state devices (UVED) 39 wave –– cycle 5 V –– electromagnetic 7 vacuum 7 –– frequency 5 vapor pressure 44 –– sinusoidal 6 varioliform scar 125 –– wavelength 5 vector equation 9 wavelength area 14 velocity of light 7 white lamps 37 verrucae vulgaris 270, 398, 401 Wien displacement law 26 verteporfin 259 Wood’s light/lamp 152, 388, 392, 394, 398, vesicular 306 408 visible radiation 11 wrinkling 324 vitiligo 85, 316, 320, 321 –– associated findings 154 X –– camouflage 157 xenon –– depigmentation 160 –– chloride 429 –– differential diagnosis 154 –– lamp 41, 258 –– dosimetry 162, 163 –– short arc lamp 35–37 –– immunomodulation 158 –– properties 37 –– immunosuppression 158, 174 –– spectral power distribution 36 –– KUVA 167 xenon-arc lamp 243 –– laser treatment 163 xeroderma pigmentosum 321 –– lip-tip variant 165 xerosis 171 –– melanocyte transfer 159 Xiphophorus fish model 355 –– pathogenesis 156 X-ray radiation 10, 12