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Section 5: MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS

Section 5: MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS

Section 5: MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS

Section 5

Miscellaneous statistics

Introduction (page 174) gives the shortlist of the Top 21 books, while Tables 5.17 and 5.18 This section comprises a miscellany of (pages 175-177) detail the effect of this statistics of general interest and relevance to promotion on public library issue figures. librarians of all sectors. Tables 5.19 and 5.20 (pages 177-180) are concerned with The ’s effect on Tables 5.1 to 5.3b (pages 157-161) cover book sales figures. some basic data on the UK population and key price indexes – the Retail Price Index, Tables 5.1 - 5.3b Basic statistics GDP deflator and indexes of academic book prices. Table 5.1 (page 158) gives the population of the UK for the last ten years, by the Periodicals are covered in more detail in traditional public library sectors. These data Tables 5.4 to 5.7 (pages 162-164). There are used in all the per capita calculations of have been a number of changes to the ways Section 2. in which the periodical price data are collected, which has resulted in a Tables 5.2a and 5.2b (page 159) give two discontinuity. measures of general inflation – the annual Retail Price Index, with a base of 100 in Book data are analysed in Tables 5.8 to 5.10 January 1987, and the GDP deflator, with a (pages 165-168), covering average prices base of 100 in 2002-03. The latter figures paid, numbers of titles and the size of the are calculated by HM Treasury from Office book market. for National Statistics data, based on gross domestic product at market prices, and Tables 5.11 to 5.15 (pages 169-173) are reconstructed annually. mostly drawn from the annual report of the Registrar of Public Lending Right, giving Table 5.3a (page 160) gives annual figures more details of the types of books borrowed for average academic book prices in the UK and most popular titles, than are available and USA, on both a calendar year and from the CIPFA statistics analysed in academic year basis. Table 5.3b (page 161) Section 2. presents a composite index for UK and USA books, calculated for calendar years. The final element of this section discusses the BBC Big Read campaign. Table 5.16

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Table 5.1 Population (’000)

English Unitary Metropolitan Total London counties authorities(a) districts England

1992-93 30,290 11,178 6,905 48,373 1993-94 30,398 11,199 6,933 48,531 1994-95 30,555 11,195 6,967 48,717 1995-96 30,711 (b) 11,183 7,007 48,902

1996-97 28,104 2,730 11,180 7,074 49,088

1997-98 25,836 5,173 11,152 7,122 49,283

1998-99 22,871 8,286 11,148 7,187 49,492 1999-00 23,039 8.296 11,134 7,285 49,753 2000-01 23,166 8,319 11,135 7,375 49,995 2001-02 22,967 8,176 10,822 7,172 49,136 2002-03 23,104 8,218 10,858 7,355 49,534

(a) Unitary authorities were formerly part of the English counties. See Appendix C for details. (b) Including the Isle of Wight unitary authority.

Northern Total Wales Scotland Ireland UK

1992-93 2,899 5,107 1,606 57,984 1993-94 2,907 5,120 1,605 58,163 1994-95 2,913 5,132 1,625 58,388 1995-96 2,917 5,136 1,633 58,588 1996-97 2,921 5,128 1,663 58,800 1997-98 2,927 5,123 1,675 59,007 1998-99 2,934 5,120 1,689 59,235 1999-00 2,937 5,119 1,688 59,497 2000-01 2,946 5,115 1,698 59,754 2001-02 2,908 5,065 1,687 58,795 2002-03 2,919 5,078 1,697 59,227

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Table 5.2a Annual retail price index

Index % increase

1989 115.2 1990 126.1 9.5 1991 133.5 5.9 1992 138.5 3.7 1993 140.7 1.6 1994 144.1 3.1 1995 149.1 3.5 1996 152.7 2.4 1997 157.5 3.1 1998 162.9 3.4 1999 165.4 1.6 2000 170.3 3.0 2001 173.3 1.8 2002 176.2 1.7 2003 181.3 2.9

Note: The monthly RPI based on 15 January 1974 which stood at 394.5 in January 1987 was re-indexed at 100 in that month.

Table 5.2b GDP deflator

Index % increase

1992-93 77.8 1993-94 80.0 2.8 1994-95 81.1 1.4 1995-96 83.4 2.8 1996-97 86.3 3.5 1997-98 88.5 2.5 1998-99 91.0 2.8 1999-00 93.0 2.2 2000-01 94.3 1.4 2001-02 96.7 2.5 2002-03 100 3.4

Note: This deflator is calculated by H M Treasury from Office for National Statistics data. is based on Gross Domestic Product at Market Prices and is reconstructed annually.

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Table 5.3a LISU academic book price indexes

Calendar years Combined UK books (£) USA books ($) UK/USA books 67:33 (£) (1) (% annual (% annual (% annual

increase) increase) increase)

1993 35.39 2.5 43.07 0.8 33.16 2.0 1994 35.44 0.1 44.74 3.9 33.57 1.2 1995 36.00 1.6 45.03 0.7 34.01 1.3 1996 37.50 4.2 43.56 - 3.3 34.71 2.1

1997 39.77 6.1 47.09 8.1 36.98 6.5 1998 41.96 5.5 51.93 10.3 39.51 6.9 1999 42.54 1.4 52.70 1.5 40.07 1.4

2000 42.99 1.1 52.94 0.5 40.45 0.9 2001 38.73 - 9.9 55.52 4.6 38.16 - 5.7 2002 41.51 7.2 62.39 12.4 41.53 8.8

2003 41.62 0.3 64.29 3.0 42.03 1.2

Academic years Combined UK books (£) USA books ($) UK/USA books 67:33 (£) (1) (% annual (% annual (% annual

increase) increase) increase)

1992-93 34.97 3.9 42.60 0.8 32.80 3.0 1993-94 35.76 2.3 43.82 2.9 33.60 2.4

1994-95 35.35 - 1.1 44.88 2.4 33.56 - 0.1 1995-96 36.51 3.3 44.92 0.1 34.34 2.3 1996-97 39.22 7.4 45.72 1.8 36.31 5.7

1997-98 40.92 4.3 47.87 4.7 37.92 4.4 1998-99 41.62 1.7 52.27 9.2 39.36 3.8 1999-00 44.18 6.1 52.28 0.0 41.07 4.3

2000-01 39.22 - 11.2 54.41 4.1 38.25 -6.9 2001-02 40.27 2.7 59.55 9.4 40.08 4.8 2002-03 41.35 2.7 63.36 6.4 41.65 3.9

2003-04 41.89 1.3 67.60 6.7 42.95 3.1 (1) At a constant exchange rate of £1=$1.50

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Table 5.3b USA exchange rates & adjustments

In Table 5.3a the combined price of of the exchange rate is shown in Table 5.3b UK/USA books was calculated using a where the actual exchange rate in each year constant exchange rate of $1.50 to the £. is used in the combined index calculation. This gives a good indication of the For example, the average for 2003 was movement in book prices in each country £40.73 with the exchange rate adjustment, a and overall. decrease of 1.3% on the previous year. Without this adjustment, there was an For acquisitions librarians in the UK the increase of 1.2%. exchange rate is highly relevant. The effect

Calendar years Exchange rate(1) Combined USA books ($) £1= UK/USA books 67:33 (£) (% annual (% annual (% annual $ increase) change) change)

1993 43.07 0.8 1.50 - 21.1 33.16 8.6 1994 44.74 3.9 1.53 2.0 33.37 0.6 1995 45.03 0.7 1.59 3.9 33.44 0.2 1996 43.56 - 3.3 1.55 - 2.5 34.40 2.9

1997 47.09 8.1 1.66 7.1 35.97 4.6 1998 51.93 10.3 1.67 0.6 38.34 6.6 1999 52.70 1.5 1.58 - 5.4 39.48 3.0

2000 52.94 0.5 1.51 - 4.4 40.35 2.2 2001 55.52 4.9 1.41 - 6.6 38.95 -3.5 2002 62.39 12.4 1.53 8.5 41.27 6.0

2003 64.29 3.0 1.65 7.8 40.73 -1.3 (1) Exchange rate on the last working day in June.

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Table 5.4 – 5.7 Periodicals Table 5.4 gives details of the Blackwell’s figures (Table 5.6a) to “extend” the old series international periodicals price index, as (Table 5.4). Figures for the USA and published in the Library Association Record. Great Britain all subjects averages have been This series was discontinued in 2001, and a combined in the same ratio as for the new series compiled. Table 5.5 gives details academic book price indexes (67:33), and the of percentage price changes for periodicals appropriate exchange rate used (Table 5.6b). in Great Britain in 2002-04. An average for Table 5.7 (page 164) shows the growth in all subjects is given for Great Britain, the numbers of periodical titles over the last USA, the EURO region and Europe. Figures 50 years – information derived from for individual European countries were not Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory. Caution must provided. be used when examining the figures as Ulrich adds titles which have been in publication for Since 2001, following the merger of a number of years whilst retaining references Blackwell’s with Swets, the annual to publications which have ceased within the periodical price report has been compiled on last three years. Thus both the total and a different basis, and the published figures annual increase since 1987 are grossly have not been directly comparable with those exaggerated for current periodicals. The from earlier years. In order to provide a valid number of periodicals available in electronic comparison, data have kindly been supplied format (either exclusively or in addition to by Swets Information Services on a hard copy) has increased substantially since retrospective basis. These figures are shown the information was first made available in in Table 5.6a. 1993. Almost 40,000 periodicals are now In order to calculate the real expenditure on published on-line, and over 6,000 on serials purchased by academic libraries (that CD-ROM – there has been an increase this is, after adjustment for serial price inflation), year in the number available on CD-ROM, LISU has calculated a composite periodical after a slight fall last year. price index, using the changes in the new

Table 5.4 Blackwell’s international periodicals price index (Library Association Record)

% increase on Average price (£) Index (1) previous year 1994 252.81 185 22.5 (2) 1995 277.91 203 9.9 1996 311.47 227 12.1 1997 340.30 248 9.3 1998 358.16 261 5.2 1999 392.01 286 9.5 2000 431.71 315 10.1 Composite periodical price 2001 365.30 337 7.1 2002 381.02 351 4.3 2003 399.26 368 4.8 2004 421.76 389 5.6

(1) The index is based on a figure of £136.99 in 1989. (2) The 1994 figure incorporates the effect of the devaluation of the £ in Sept 1992.

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Table 5.5 Periodical price indexes 2002-2004 (Swets Information Services)

% increase Annual average prices % increase % increase 2002 2003 2004 annual 03 over 02 04 over 03 for Great Britain average Social sciences £324.09 £420.84 29.9 £428.01 1.7 15.8 Science £644.45 £629.98 - 2.2 £703.49 11.7 4.7 Medicine £376.59 £367.49 - 2.4 £396.33 7.8 2.7 Technology £385.45 £442.48 14.8 £492.53 11.3 13.1 Humanities £70.83 £66.23 - 6.5 £89.14 34.6 14.0

Average all subjects(1) Great Britain £356.96 £397.13 11.3 £423.06 6.5 8.9 USA $652.28 $665.80 2.1 $758.66 13.9 8.0 EURO Region €706.77 Europe (exc UK & € region) €305.17

(1) Local domestic price only

Table 5.6a Periodical price indexes 1999-2004 (Swets Information Services)

Summary Average price Great Britain 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Social sciences £220.39 £244.46 £266.96 £324.09 £420.84 £428.01 Science £556.91 £612.48 £614.55 £644.45 £629.98 £703.49 Medicine £305.81 £334.40 £349.55 £376.59 £367.49 £396.33 Technology £298.70 £330.43 £357.03 £385.45 £442.48 £492.53 Humanities £58.99 £59.71 £64.74 £70.83 £66.23 £89.14

Average all subjects(1) Great Britain £281.24 £309.59 £322.74 £356.96 £397.13 £423.06 USA $592.39 $609.98 $635.09 $652.28 $665.80 $758.66 Netherlands NLG1,937.48 NLG2,218.27 NLG2,102.63 €1,147.93 €1,359.79 DM483.48 DM576.69 DM657.88 €429.85 €657.08 Switzerland SF382.64 SF559.34 SF568.43 SF714.06 SF977.37 FF909.34 FF946.32 FF1,019.98 €158.14 €139.36 EURO Region €706.77 Europe (exc UK & € region) €305.17

(1) Local domestic price only

Table 5.6b Exchange rates

(1) Exchange rate £1= 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 USA $1.58 $1.51 $1.41 $1.52 $1.65 $1.81 Netherlands NLG3.36 NLG3.52 NLG3.68 €1.55 €1.44 €1.50 Germany DM2.98 DM3.12 DM3.26 €1.55 €1.44 €1.50 Switzerland SF2.44 SF2.49 SF2.54 SF2.28 SF2.23 SF2.29 France FF10.01 FF10.48 FF10.94 €1.55 €1.44 €1.50

(1) Exchange rate on the last working day in June

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Table 5.7 Number of serial titles

Date Number of titles Including available On-line CD-ROM

1951 10,000 1959 15,000 1970 40,000

1980 62,000 1987 71,000 1988 108,590 (1)

1993 140,000 (2) 3,838 880 1996 165,000 (3) 5,517 1,963 1997 165,000 (4) 6,601 2,240

1998 157,173 (5) 10,332 3,451 1999 161,200 (6) 14,757 4,625 2000 164,400 (7) 20,935 4,671

2001 164,000 (8) 27,083 5,577 2002 172,000 (9) >30,000 5,539 2003 178,650 (10) >39,900 6,330

(1) Irregular Serial Directory was incorporated into the International Periodicals Directory adding 35,900 titles in this year

(2) Includes 9,176 titles known to have stopped publication in previous three years

(3) Includes 12,000 titles known to have stopped publication in previous three years

(4) Includes 9,983 titles known to have stopped publication in previous three years

(5) Includes 8,642 titles known to have stopped publication in previous three years

(6) Includes 8,503 titles known to have stopped publication in previous three years

(7) Includes 7,559 titles known to have stopped publication in previous three years

(8) Includes 3,302 titles known to have stopped publication in previous three years

(9) Includes 4,900 titles known to have stopped publication in previous three years

(10) Includes 3,320 titles known to have stopped publication in previous three years

Source: Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory

164 LISU Annual Library Statistics 2004 Section 5: MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS

Tables 5.8 – 5.10 Books Fig 5.1 and Table 5.8 (overleaf) give details miscellaneous items that are assigned an of book prices. The last year for which ISBN, together with print on demand titles The Bookseller published its bi-annual and some (but not all) e-books. analysis of book prices was 1999. Since the beginning of 2000, it has produced a weekly Figures for the US are less straightforward. analysis of consumer book sales, covering The data obtained from Books in Print are both the volume and value of sales, and more directly comparable to the UK totals, indicating the average price paid. Fig 5.1 but are not available for 1995 and 1996. This shows an analysis of these figures, giving is because only the second set of figures, the actual weekly average price, a from Publishers Weekly and latterly from four-weekly moving average (which mirrors Bowker Annual, were available. These it closely, but smoothes some of the figures are based on a different definition, week-to-week variation), and the annual and reflect only those books catalogued by moving average. Table 5.8 shows the the Library of Congress, particularly those in average price paid over each calendar year, the Cataloging in Publication (CIP) and the total number of books purchased programme. Many books published in the during the year. US do not fall within the scope of CIP (e.g. inexpensive editions, annuals, etc.) It There is clearly a seasonal pattern in average was therefore felt that American book title prices paid for books throughout the year, production was being undercounted. with increases during the second half of the Therefore, in 1999 Bowker compiled the year, peaking just before Christmas. The statistics from their own Books in Print annual moving average shown eliminates database, in order to provide figures which much of this periodicity, as well as are more up to date and representative of the smoothing the week-to-week variation, and current reality of the US book industry. gives an indication of the general trend in Figures for 1997 and 1998 have been prices. An interesting feature on the graph is calculated retrospectively, and the figure for the figure for the week ending 27 June 2003, 2003 is a preliminary one. which could be described as the ‘ effect’. This was the week in which This topic, and detailed analysis of UK title the fifth volume in this series was published. figures is described in a 1995 publication: Philip Bryant, Title output in the UK, British Selected statistics on new titles are shown in Library, BNBRF Report 78, Table 5.9 (page 167). Until last year, UK ISBN 07123 33053. figures were taken from Whitaker Information Services data by Book Table 5.10 (page 168) presents figures Marketing Ltd and published in The Book collected by Book Marketing Ltd on the size Sales Yearbook. The figure for 2003 has of the market for books in 2002 and 2003. been supplied by Nielsen BookScan and is Further analysis of publisher data has not an approximate number which includes been included this year; readers are referred reprints, reissues, new editions, new formats, to the Book Trade Year Book and Book as well as new titles. It also includes Facts (see Bibliography, pages 181-185, for government publications and all kinds of more information).

LISU Annual Library Statistics 2004 165 Section 5: MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS

Fig 5.1 Average prices paid for books

£10

£9

£8

£7

£6

£5

£4 Average price £3 4 week moving average Annual moving average £2

£1

£0 r-03 p Jul-02 Jul-03 Oct-02 A Jan-03 Jun-04 Jun-00 Mar-04 Feb-02 Mar-00 Mar-01 Sep-03 Dec-03 Aug-01 Nov-01 Dec-99 Sep-00 Dec-00 May-02 May-01

Source: The Bookseller

Table 5.8 Consumer book sales

Average price Change over Sales volume Change over paid (£) previous year (m) previous year

2000 7.43 126.3 2001 7.48 0.7% 126.7 0.4% 2002 7.30 -2.4% 129.1 1.9% 2003 7.40 1.4% 131.2 1.7% Source: The Bookseller

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Table 5.9 Books: Numbers of new titles and new editions – UK and USA 1984-2003

UK USA Books in Publishers weekly/

Print Bowker annual

1984 51,565 78,407 51,058 1985 52,994 88,518 50,070 1986 52,496 91,717 52,637 1987 54,746 99,687 56,027 1988 56,514 107,023 55,483 1989 61,195 125,209 53,446 1990 63,948 132,998 46,743 1991 67,417 141,857 48,146 1992 78,085 141,165 49,276 1993 82,322 143,250 49,757 1994 88,718 139,309 51,863 1995 95,064 n/a 62,039 1996 101,504 n/a 68,175 1997 100,029 119,262 65,796 1998 104,634 120,244 56,129 1999 110,155 119,357 n/a 2000 116,415 122,108 n/a 2001 119,001 141,703 n/a 2002 125,390 147,120 n/a 2003 130,000(1) 164,609(2) n/a

(1) Estimated figure which includes all items assigned ISBN (i.e. reprints, reissues, new editions, new formats and government publications)

(2) Preliminary figure

Source: Nielsen BookScan, R R Bowker, Books in Print database

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Table 5.10 Size of market for books 2002-2003

Volume (m) Value (£m) 2002 2003 2002 2003 Adult books 206 216 1,704 1,796 Fiction 93 95 555 601 Non-fiction/reference 113 121 1,149 1,195

Children’s books 67 71 298 376 Fiction 42 49 197 285 Non-fiction/reference 25 22 101 91

Total 273 286 2,002 2,172 All fiction 135 144 752 886 All non-fiction/reference 138 142 1,250 1,286

NB Sum of fiction and non-fiction/reference may exceed total for adults/children due to classification of books in both categories

NB All volume and value figures are rounded to nearest 1m units/£1m

Source: Books and the Consumer: Summary report on the findings of the 2003 survey (Book Marketing Ltd, London, 2004)

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Tables 5.11 – 5.15 Public Lending Right statistics Estimates of public library borrowing by as in the past). The sampling background is category in Table 5.11 are as yet the most indicated in Table 5.12 (overleaf) along with carefully calculated produced on a national other PLR statistics. scale. The Table illustrates the new approach, which allows the Public Lending Table 5.13 (page 171) lists the most popular Right (PLR) to categorise loans data using big name authors in public library the publishing industry’s standard BIC borrowing. This analysis is not limited to (Book Industry Communication) categories those eligible for PLR. Note how many which are used by booksellers. One of the authors are big in public library terms but benefits of the new approach is that the table are not stars in the commercial book world. is based on estimated national loans derived from all the book loans collected by the PLR Tables 5.14 and 5.15 (pages 172-173) list office from its sample library authorities (not the most borrowed fiction and non-fiction just from loans of books registered for PLR titles.

Table 5.11 Estimated national loans analysed by BIC subject category 2001-03

2001/02 2002/03

% % Adult Fiction 50.65 50.18

Adult Non-fiction The Arts 2.33 2.32 Language, and Biography 2.73 2.64 English Language Teaching 0.01 0.02 Reference, Information & Interdisciplinary Subjects 0.22 0.20 Humanities 2.15 2.11 Social Sciences 2.15 2.05 Economics, Finance, Business & Industry 1.02 0.93 Law 0.28 0.25 Medicine 1.18 1.03 Mathematics & Science 0.52 0.49 Earth Sciences, Geography & Environment Planning 0.31 0.28 Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Veterinary Science 0.64 0.55 Computing & Information Technology 1.46 1.29 Family, Home & Practical Interests 3.94 4.05 Sport, Travel & Leisure Interests 3.93 3.82 22.87 22.03 Children’s Fiction & Educational 26.48 27.79

Total 100 100 Source: Registrar of Public Lending Right

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Table 5.12 PLR summary statistics

Eligible book loans died before 1982 or by authors who live Of the 360.7 million loans of books made by outside the and Germany) public libraries in the United Kingdom in and to books whose authors have not applied 2002-03, an estimated 169 million were of for registration. books registered for PLR. Only loans credited to registered books – 45% of all Annual comparisons library loans – qualify for payment. The Full financial accounts are published remaining 55% relate to books that are separately: some figures for 2002-03 may be ineligible (e.g. books written by authors who provisional.

19th year 20th year 21st year

Payment date February 2002 February 2003 February 2004 Government funding + £5,201,000 £7,000,000 £7,200,000 PLR operating costs • Office, computer etc. £726,000 * £817,000 £812,000 • Local authorities } Money to distribute £4,504,000 £6,200,000 £6,400,000 (rounded up to nearest thousand) Total loans 430.0m 406.0m 377.0m Loans sampled 41.0m 52.2m 71.m (9.5%) (12.9%) (19%) Loans of books registered 193m 184m 169m (44.9%) (45.3%) (45%) Rate per loan 2.67p 4.21p 4.85p Registered authors 34,220 35,078 36,362 Registered book interests 334,936 350,396 366,565 Year’s registrations to ‘new’ authors 6,418 4,878 4,631 Year’s registrations to ‘old’ authors 11,727 11,681 11,937 Authors earning: Maximum £6,000 130 251 280 £5,000 - £5,999 39 69 74 £2,500 - £4,999 272 340 350 £1,000 - £2,499 584 759 767 £500 - £999 750 894 910 £100 - £499 3,400 3,952 3,875 £5 - £99 12,406 12,799 12,507 Total recipients 17,581 19,064 18,763 Nil 16,639 16,014 17,599 Total registered authors 34,220 35,078 36,362 + includes supplementary government funding * higher costs this year due to purchase of IT equipment and transfer of PLR staff pensions to the Principal Civil Service Pension Scheme Source: Registrar of Public Lending Right

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Table 5.13 Most borrowed authors (July 2002 - June 2003)

The list below includes writers who are figures represent the loans for all the books registered with PLR as well as others who by particular authors. Therefore, an author of are dead or otherwise ineligible for forty books will be better placed than a remuneration under the PLR scheme. writer of ten books to achieve a high loans Illustrators of books which have a separate figure. Note that the same title may appear writer have not been included. If an author twice if it has appeared in more than one writes under one or more pseudonyms each edition. will appear separately in the tables. The

Contemporary Adult 1. Danielle Steel 11. Ruth Rendell 2. Josephine Cox 12. Lynda M Andrews 3. Cathering Cookson 13. Blair 4. Agatha Christie 14. Mary Higgins Clark 5. Audrey Howard 15. Joan Jonker 6. Jack Higgins 16. Bernard Cornwell 7. 17. Patricia Cornwell 8. John Grisham 18. Maeve Binchy 9. Dick Francis 19. Anne Perry 10. 20. Barbara Taylor Bradford

Contemporary Children’s 1. 11. Terry Deary 2. Mick Inkpen 12. Martin Waddell 3. R L Stine 13. J K Rowling 4. Janet & Allan Ahlberg 14. Lucy Cousins 5. Lucy Daniels 15. Shirley Hughes 6. 16. Sally Grindley 7. 17. David McKee 8. Nick Butterworth 18. Debi Gliori 9. Eric Hill 19. Jenny Dale 10. Dick King Smith 20. Colin McNaughton

Classic 1. J R R Tolkien 11. 2. Georgette Heyer 12. Arthur Conan Doyle 3. A A Milne 13. Anthony Trollope 4. Beatrix Potter 14. George Eliot 5. 15. 6. 16. 7. 17. Virginia Woolf 8. Nigel Tranter 18. E M Forster 9. Daphne du Maurier 19. 10. 20. Edith Nesbit

Source: Registrar of Public Lending Right

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Table 5.14 Most borrowed fiction titles (July 2002 - June 2003)

Author Title Year Publisher Adult 1. John Grisham The Summons 2002 Century 2. Josephine Cox Jinne 2002 Headline 3. Josephine Cox The Woman who Left 2001 Headline 4. Josephine Cox Looking Back 2000 Headline 5. Josephine Cox Let it Shine 2001 Headline 6. Girl from the South 2002 Bloomsbury 7. Danielle Steel The 2001 Bantam 8. Maeve Binchy Quentin’s 2002 Orion 9. The Silent Lady 2001 Bantam 10. Danielle Steel The Cottage 2002 Bantam 11. Maeve Binchy Scarlet Feather 2000 Orion 12. Patricia Cornwell Isle of Dogs 2001 Little, Brown 13. Jack Higgins Runner 2002 HarperCollins 14. James Patterson with Andrew Gross 2nd Chance 2002 Headline 15. Danielle Steel Leap of Faith 2001 Bantam 16. John Grisham A Painted House 2001 Century 17. Danielle Steel Sunset in St Tropez 2002 Bantam 18. Josephine Cox Rainbow Days 2000 Headline 19. Emma Blair Moonlit Eyes 2002 Little, Brown 20. Josephine Cox Bad Boy Jack 2002 Headline Children’s 1. J K Rowling Harry Potter and the Chamber of 1999 Bloomsbury 2. J K Rowling Harry Potter and the Prisoner of 2000 Bloomsbury Azkaban 3. Jacqueline Wilson (illus ) The Story of 1992 Yearling 4. Jacqueline Wilson (illus Nick Sharratt) 2000 Young Corgi 5. Jacqueline Wilson (illus Nick Sharratt) 2001 Doubleday 6. Jacqueline Wilson (illus Nick Sharratt) 2000 Corgi Yearling 7. Jacqueline Wilson (illus Nick Sharratt) Glubbslyme 1995 Yearling 8. Jacqueline Wilson (illus Nick Sharratt) Secrets 2002 Doubleday 9. Jacqueline Wilson (illus Nick Sharratt) 1997 Yearling 10. J K Rowling Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire 2001 Bloomsbury 11. Jacqueline Wilson (illus Nick Sharratt) 1993 Yearling 12. Jacqueline Wilson (illus Nick Sharratt) 2001 Corgi Yearling 13. Jacqueline Wilson (illus Nick Sharratt) Mum-Minder 1994 Yearling 14. Jacqueline Wilson (illus Nick Sharratt) The Dare Game 2001 Corgi Yearling 15. J K Rowling Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s 1997 Bloomsbury Stone 16. Jacqueline Wilson (illus Nick Sharratt) 2001 Doubleday 17. Jacqueline Wilson (illus Nick Sharratt) Bed and Breakfast Star 1995 Yearling 18. Jacqueline Wilson (illus Nick Sharratt) 1998 Yearling 19. Jacqueline Wilson (illus Nick Sharratt) Cliffhanger 1995 Yearling 20. Jacqueline Wilson, Nick Sharratt and 1996 Transworld Corgi Sue Heap Source: Registrar of Public Lending Right

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Table 5.15 Most borrowed non-fiction titles (July 2002 - June 2003)

Author Title Year Publisher Adult 1. Dave Pelzer The Lost Boy 2000 Orion 2. Pamela Stephenson Billy 2001 HarperCollins 3. Bill Bryson Down under 2000 Doubleday 4. Dave Pelzer A Man Named Dave 2000 Orion 5. Dave Pelzer A Child Called It 2000 Orion 6. Anne Robinson Memoirs of an Unfit Mother 2001 Little, Brown 7. Dave Pelzer A Child Called It 2001 Orion 8. Antony Beevor Berlin: The Downfall, 1945 2002 Viking 9. Driving Standards Agency The Official Theory Test for Car 2001 Stationery Office Drivers 10. Alan Titchmarsh Trowel and Error 2002 Hodder & Stoughton 11. Alan Titchmarsh (photos Jonathan How to be a Gardener: Book 1 2002 BBC Buckley) Back to Basics 12. Bill Bryson Notes from a Big Country 1998 Doubleday 13. Frank McCourt ‘Tis 1999 Flamingo 14. Gervase Phinn Head Over Heels in the Dales 2002 Michael Joseph 15. Bill Bryson (illus David Cook) A Walk in the Woods 1997 Doubleday 16. William Woodruff The Road to Nab End: An 2002 Abacus Extraordinary Northern Childhood 17. Dave Pelzer The Lost Boy 2001 Orion 18. Chris Stewart Driving over Lemons: An Optimist 1999 Sort Of Books in Andalucia 19. Frank McCourt Angela’s Ashes: A Memoir of a 1997 Flamingo Childhood 20. Victoria Beckham Learning to Fly 2001 Michael Joseph Children’s 1. Terry Deary (illus Martin Brown) The Woeful Second World War 1999 Hippo 2. Terry Deary, Neil Tonge (illus Martin The Terrible Tudors 1993 Hippo Brown) 3. Eric Hill Spot Can Count 2000 Puffin 4. Terry Deary (illus Martin Brown) The Smashing Saxons 2000 Hippo 5. Terry Deary (illus Martin Brown) The Vile Victorians 1994 Scholastic 6. Terry Deary (illus Martin Brown) The Rotten Romans 1994 Hippo 7. Terry Deary (illus Philip Reeve) Dark Knights and Dingy Castles 1997 Scholastic 8. Mick Inkpen Kipper’s A to Z 2000 Hodder Children’s 9. Terry Deary (illus Martin Brown) The Frightful First World War 1998 Hippo 10. Terry Deary, Peter Hepplewhite The Awesome Egyptians 1993 Scholastic 11. Terry Deary (illus Kate Sheppard) The Blitzed Brits 1994 Hippo 12. Terry Deary (illus Martin Brown) The Groovy Greeks 1996 Hippo 13. Terry Deary (illus Martin Brown) Even More Terrible Tudors 1998 Hippo 14. Terry Deary (illus Martin Brown) The Measly Middle Ages 1996 Hippo 15. George Hart Ancient Egypt 1990 Dorling Kindersley 16. Lucy Cousins Count with Maisy 1997 Walker 17. Mick Inkpen Kipper’s Book of Opposites 1997 Hodder Children’s 18. Simon Adams World War II 2000 Dorling Kindersley 19. Terry Deary (illus Martin Brown) The Cut-Throat Celts 1997 Hippo 20. Terry Deary (illus Martin Brown) The Savage Stone Age 1999 Hippo Source: Registrar of Public Lending Right

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Tables 5.16 – 5.20

In April 2003 the BBC launched The along with their author and year of first Big Read: the search for the nation’s publication. best-loved novel. Nominations for their all-time favourite book were received from Three quarters of a million votes were 140,000 people from all around the UK and received by the end of the series. It can be a list of the Top 100 titles was announced. seen from Table 5.16 that J R R Tolkien’s At the time of going to press last year, the classic (championed BBC had not announced in which order the by survival expert Ray Mears) was the most titles had been voted; the Top 21 was popular book. Jane Austen’s Pride and announced in the Autumn of 2003. These Prejudice finished in second place, and was titles were each championed by a defended by writer and actress Meera Syal. well-known enthusiast via a series of Third place was taken by the His Dark television programmes, and the public were Materials trilogy, written by asked to vote again on the Top 21 to decide and supported by explorer and author the nation’s favourite novel. The final Benedict Allen. placings of the Top 21 nominated books were announced on 13 December 2003 and are listed in numerical order in Table 5.16,

Table 5.16 The BBC Big Read Top 21 books

Title Author Year 1 The Lord of the Rings J R R Tolkien 1954 2 Jane Austen 1813

1995 3 Philip Pullman 1997

678 1999 4 The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy 1979 5 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire J K Rowling 2000 6 1960 7 Winnie-the-Pooh A A Milne 1926 8 Nineteen Eighty-Four George Orwell 1949 9 The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe C S Lewis 1950 10 Charlotte Brontë 1847 11 Catch 22 Joseph Heller 1961 12 Emily Brontë 1847 13 1993 14 Daphne Du Maurier 1938 15 The Catcher in the Rye J D Salinger 1951 16 The Wind in the Willows Kenneth Grahame 1908 17 Charles Dickens 1861 18 Little Women Louisa May Alcott 1868 19 Captain Corelli’s Mandolin Louis de Bernières 1994 20 1863 21 Gone with the Wind 1936 Source: BBCi [http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/bigread/top100.shtml]

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Tables 5.17 – 5.18 Issues of The Big Read Titles in Public Libraries

Throughout the campaign to find the most to publication dates of 10 years old or less, popular, The Big Read Top 100 books (as as it was thought that older editions were listed in the previous edition of this report) probably less likely to affect the figures in were promoted in public libraries. A great any significant way. deal of the ensuing activity was steered through the Reading Agency Some of the editions were 2003 (http://www.readingagency.co.uk/), which publications, thus making a comparison provided resources and ideas packs for between July-December 2002 and promotion to libraries across the UK. Every July-December 2003 impossible. Some of library authority signed up with the Agency the borrowings for these editions are quite to take part in the planned outreach high. Where an edition showed zero activities. borrowings in either of the years, this could not be expressed as a percentage The Public Lending Right (PLR) has increase/decrease, so these items could not monitored issues for The Big Read Top 100 be fed into the overall percentage book titles in order to assess whether the calculations. promotion had a positive effect on borrowings. Their concentration was on the The data provided for July-December 2002 PLR sampled library authorities: it was was a total of all sample library authorities thought that this would provide a firm in the 2002-03 PLR sampling year, indication as to the success of the promotion compared with all sample authorities in the on library borrowing figures as a whole. We 2003-04 year. Although there is some are grateful to the Registrar of Public difference of authorities between the two Lending Right and Sarah Beamson, a years, due to sample rotation, the majority member of the Author Services team at the were continuing from one sampling year to PLR, for permission to reproduce the the next, making comparisons as accurate as following summary of the findings. possible.

Interim figures provided by PLR in Findings September 2003 indicated that library Of the 100 titles analysed, 82 showed an borrowings of the Top 21 shortlisted titles overall percentage increase in borrowings did appear to be experiencing a significant from July-December 2002, as compared increase. It was therefore decided to take a with the same period in 2003. Table 5.17 more detailed look at the situation with (overleaf) lists the 10 titles which recorded regard to the Top 100 titles. the highest overall percentage increases. Two of the 10: The Hitchhiker’s Guide to The analysis was carried out using the the Galaxy and Nineteen Eighty-Four, associated ISBNs as an identifier. Some of occupied the same position in the PLR top the classic titles have several different 10 as they did in the final Big Read polled editions on the PLR database, whereas some results listing (4th and 8th respectively). Five of the more modern titles only have two or of the ten were titles shortlisted in the three ISBNs. Selection of ISBNs was limited Top 21.

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Table 5.17 Ten titles showing highest overall increase in issues (July-Dec 2002 compared to July-Dec 2003)

% inc in The Big Title Author issues Read rank 1 Dodie Smith + 807 82 2 Rebecca Daphne du Maurier + 597 14 3 The Magus John Fowles + 595 67 4 The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy Douglas Adams + 380 4 5 War and Peace Leo Tolstoy + 272 20 6 The Secret History + 245 76 7 + 239 20 8 Nineteen Eighty-Four George Orwell + 215 8 9 A Prayer for Owen Meany + 210 28 10 Gone with the Wind Margaret Mitchell + 205 21 Source: Registrar of Public Lending Right

Table 5.18 Five titles showing highest overall decrease in issues (July-Dec 2002 compared to July-Dec 2003)

% dec in The Big Title Author issues Read rank 96 J R R Tolkien - 17 25 97 Double Act Jacqueline Wilson - 19 80 98 The Godfather Mario Puzo - 20 91 99 Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets J K Rowling - 31 23 100 The Colour of Magic Terry Pratchett - 32 93 Source: Registrar of Public Lending Right

Table 5.18 lists the five titles which showed Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. the highest percentage decrease, derived Issues of the ‘Harry Potter’ books have from the total 18 titles whose overall loans decreased slightly from 2002 to 2003, decreased from one year to the next. Of the although their loans are still generally high. five titles listed, three are fantasy fiction Issues of children’s titles in the overall Top books. This may be due to there having been 100 were encouragingly high. Some of the a great deal of publicity surrounding the most notable increases between years have winner, Lord of the Rings, a fantasy fiction been recorded against Artemis Fowl and the work, leading to an adverse affect on His Dark Materials trilogy, whilst issues of borrowings of other books of a similar children’s classics such as Charlie and the genre. Interestingly, one of the three affected Chocolate Factory and The Lion, the Witch is The Hobbit, which indicates that the and the Wardrobe remained steadily high recent resurgence of interest in Tolkien has across both years. not necessarily extended to producing a significant increase in loans of his other The issue figures of two fiction titles not titles. The same could possibly be said of participating in The Big Read were

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monitored as a means of comparison. Our Therefore, it can be concluded that, given Mutual Friend by Charles Dickens and the large number of ISBNs studied, The Big Morse’s Greatest Mystery & Other Stories Read has had a largely positive affect on by Colin Dexter were selected. Our Mutual borrowings of titles participating in the Friend showed a slight overall increase in prize. These findings support the interim issues of 6% from July-December 2002 figures produced in September, which compared to the same period in 2003, showed similar results on a smaller scale. whereas issues of Morse’s Greatest Mystery & Other Stories decreased by 49% from one year to the next.

Tables 5.19 – 5.20 Consumer Sales of The Big Read Titles

By showcasing the chosen 100 books, the mainly to the interest promoted by the first BBC’s Big Read represented a great instalment of the film adaptation. However, stimulus to reading. This was not only of despite the extra publicity from The Big interest to libraries, but also of great Read, sales more than halved in 2003. Other potential importance to publishers and recent bestsellers on The Big Read list also booksellers. It offered the potential for had a quieter year: J K Rowling’s increased sales figures for the Top 100 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and books, but perhaps also particularly for those Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials both which were included on the Top 21 shortlist. saw their sales slip in 2003. These and We are grateful to Tom Holman of The The Lord of the Rings saw combined sales Bookseller for permission to reproduce an fall by 683,000 copies in 2003. extract from his analysis of the impact of The Big Read on book sales1. Outside the bestseller lists, The Big Read steadily built an interest in backlist fiction The Top 21 that lasted throughout the whole campaign. The Big Read campaign’s biggest and Of the other 18 titles on the BBC’s 21-strong longest lasting benefits were felt by the shortlist, only Kenneth Grahame’s The Wind backlist novels – defined by Nielsen in the Willows saw a year-on-year decline. BookScan’s General Retail Market as books As Table 5.19 shows, the remaining 17 titles published previous to 1998 – rather than shared extra sales of 764,000 copies between those featuring regularly in the weekly them. Ten of them more than doubled their bestseller lists. yearly totals.

The three biggest sellers of the year featured Modern classics especially experienced large in The Big Read each sold fewer copies than increases in sales. The biggest proportional they did in 2002. Paradoxically, the book gain was achieved by Daphne du Maurier’s that emerged on top after the public voting – Rebecca, with an almost tenfold increase in J R R Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings – was sales in 2003. Enthusiastic support from also 2003’s biggest loser in terms of sales. Alan Titchmarsh (gardener, television HarperCollins’s various editions of the presenter and author) was undoubtedly of trilogy sold 890,000 copies through the some help, and the novel spent several Total Consumer Market (TCM) in 2002, due weeks in The Bookseller’s all-titles top 50 towards the end of 2003, an unprecedented achievement for a classic. Furthermore, 1 For the full article, see: Holman, Tom (2004) “Big weekly sales of Rebecca were still in solid read, golden opportunity”, The Bookseller (5113) 30 January 2004, 22-25. four figures in January 2004.

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J D Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, Another book given a new lease of life was Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, Sebastian Faulks’s Birdsong, which Joseph Heller’s Catch-22 and increased its annual sales by two-thirds to George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four are 144,000 in 2003. Its success was more all historically consistent sellers, and sold unexpected, but Birdsong clearly caught the between 30,000 and 40,000 copies each imagination of those who missed it on through the TCM in 2002. The Big Read publication 10 years ago. augmented the sales figures of all four, propelling sales in 2003 to more than Sales of the older classics such as 110,000 copies each (see Table 5.19). These Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations and are the books that adults have often always Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace did not meant to read, but have never read, or at increase quite so spectacularly, but did sell least not since studying them at school; The consistently well from May onwards. Big Read provided an incentive to turn to Margaret Mitchell’s Gone With the Wind them. All have a wide appeal across age sold 3,000 copies in 2002. The Big Read groups as well – it is likely that older reminded people that it was a book as well children were inspired by the campaign to as a film; it sold 19,000 copies in 2003. read them.

Table 5.19 The Big Read Top 21 books – sales before and after their inclusion in the list

2002 2003 % Pos Title Publisher Sales Sales inc/dec 1 9,969 95,213 + 955.1 Rebecca Time Warner 2 3,305 19,035 + 576.0 Gone With the Wind Pan Macmillan 3 32,384 132,709 + 409.8 The Catcher in the Rye Penguin 4 39,347 155,171 + 394.4 To Kill A Mockingbird Random House 5 29,849 117,078 + 392.2 Catch-22 Random House 6 30,612 110,590 + 361.3 Nineteen Eighty-Four Penguin 7 30,894 79,806 + 258.3 The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy Pan Macmillan 8 25,034 59,789 + 238.8 Pride and Prejudice Various 9 6,248 13,409 + 114.6 War and Peace Penguin 10 22.240 44,838 + 101.6 Great Expectations Various 11 11,856 23,277 + 96.3 Little Women Penguin 12 85,671 144,314 + 68.5 Birdsong Random House 13 30,238 48,688 + 61.0 Wuthering Heights Various 14 79,077 123,932 + 56.7 Winnie-the-Pooh Various 15 30,685 41,635 + 35.7 Jane Eyre Various 16 38,788 50,465 + 30.1 Captain Corelli’s Mandolin Random House 17 56,719 66,812 + 17.8 The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe HarperCollins 18 748,099 723,349 - 3.3 His Dark Materials Scholastic 19 21,374 15,251 - 28.6 The Wind in the Willows Various 20 488,139 333,019 - 31.8 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Bloomsbury 21 889,895 386,739 - 56.5 The Lord of the Rings HarperCollins Source: The Bookseller. Based on sales in Nielsen BookScan’s top 5,000 TCM chart for 2003

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As Fig 5.2 reveals, the correlation between Pride and Prejudice (by Jane Austen) sold votes and sales for The Big Read Top 21 well – its TCM sales jumped from 25,000 in was rather haphazard. People were not 2002 to 60,000 in 2003, including 11,000 in necessarily voting for what they bought, nor the final fortnight of the year – but ranked buying what they voted for. For example, only 13th by sales. Birdsong and The The Lord of the Rings generated more than Catcher in the Rye, fifth and sixth twice as many votes as the third-placed respectively by sales, were 13th and 15th His Dark Materials trilogy – but only half when it came to the vote. Douglas Adams’s the sales. Table 5.20 (overleaf) gives details The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy of the figures used to generate the graph in finished fourth in the public poll – but was Fig 5.2, and shows that the second placed 11th on the sales table.

Fig 5.2 Ranking of The Big Read Top 21 books – sales compared to votes

Dark Mat'ls 1 Lord of Rings 3 HP & Goblet To Kill A M'bird 5 Birdsong Catcher in Rye 7 Winnie-the-Pooh Catch-22 9 1984 Rebecca 11 HitchhikerÕs Guide Lion, Witch & Wardrobe 13 Pride & Prej. Cap. CorelliÕs Mand. 15 Wuthering H'ts Gt Expectations 17 Jane Eyre Little Women 19 Gone w. Wind Wind in Willows 21 War & Peace

21 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 Rank by votes

The Top 100 There were also revivals for forgotten The Big Read effect was not limited to the classics, a few of them previously in danger 21 books that made the BBC’s shortlist. Most of falling out of print altogether. of the Top 100 titles felt the benefit as soon Anya Seton’s Katherine sold 1,039 copies as they were named on the longlist in May, through the TCM for Coronet in 2002; last and three-for-two offers encouraged buyers year it sold 11,321 (up 990%). Nevil Shute’s to explore the list. Amongst a host of others, A Town Like Alice, republished by House of ’s , Stratus in 2000, jumped from 1,906 to 13,592 ’s and (up 613%); John Fowles’s The Magus from Gabriel García Márquez’s One Hundred 4,962 to 15,427 (up 211%); and Years of Solitude all sold many more copies Colleen McCullough’s The Thorn Birds from in the months between the lists – May and 1,612 to 9,565 (up 493%). These figures are October – than they did in the whole of 2002. low by bestseller standards, but the revived sales were beneficial and, put together, of

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significance both to the business of retailers giving a challenge for booksellers to sustain and publishers, and to the royalty statements consumer interest, the slow pace of the of authors or their estates. promotion enabled readers to spend more time exploring books across the list. Most There were fears that the initial list of chains kept their Big Read promotions going 100 titles was too unwieldy, that the BBC for much longer than originally planned after had scheduled too much time between its interest stretched throughout the summer. lists, and that people would lose interest; but these fears proved unfounded. Far from it

Table 5.20 Ranking of The Big Read Top 21 books – sales compared to votes

Rank by Rank by Title Publisher 2003 sales sales votes 1 3 His Dark Materials Scholastic 723,349 2 1 The Lord of the Rings HarperCollins 386,739 3 5 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Bloomsbury 333,019 4 6 To Kill A Mockingbird Random House 155,171 5 13 Birdsong Random House 144,314 6 15 The Catcher in the Rye Penguin 132,709 7 7 Winnie-the-Pooh Various 123,932 8 11 Catch-22 Random House 117,078 9 8 Nineteen Eighty-Four Penguin 110,590 10 14 Rebecca Time Warner 95,213 11 4 The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy Pan Macmillan 79,806 12 9 The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe HarperCollins 66,812 13 2 Pride and Prejudice Various 59,789 14 19 Captain Corelli’s Mandolin Random House 50,465 15 12 Wuthering Heights Various 48,688 16 17 Great Expectations Various 44,838 17 10 Jane Eyre Various 41,635 18 18 Little Women Penguin 23,277 19 21 Gone with the Wind Pan Macmillan 19,035 20 16 The Wind in the Willows Various 15,251 21 20 War and Peace Penguin 13,409 Source: The Bookseller. Based on sales in Nielsen BookScan’s top 5,000 TCM chart for 2003

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