Contents 1 Geo-Environmental Engineering June 25th, 2012 1. Introduction 2. His tory 3. First pollution problem in 4. Four big Pollution disease Environmental Pollution   Niigata Minamata Disease in Japan  Itai-itai Malady  Asthma Ryo FURUYA Jun MURATA 5. Summary Kento SHIMOJO Akiko YAMAGAMI Keisuke OSAKABE

Introduction 2 History -Before 2nd World War - 3 What is environmental pollution? 1880s Ashio copper mine Social disaster affecting an extensive area as a result  First pppollution problem of human activiti es, which cause d amage t o h uman in Japan health or the living environment Seven typical pollutions 1920s FtFactory Dam Air pollution Water pollution Soil contamination

 Smoke, waste liquid  Landslide, muddy water 1930s industry Urban problem NiNoise Vibrati on GdbidGround subsidence Offensi ve od ors

 Ground subsidence  Air pollution, vibration History -High Economic Growth Period- 4 Ashio Copper Mine Incident 5 1960s Four big pollution disease In the early 20th century The largest copper mine in East Asia Nikko, Tochigi Pref. Niigata Minamata Disease Highly awareness of environmental pollution SOx Smoke elimination Itai-itai Malady Public opinion → Acid rain Economic Environmental → Bald mountain Yokkaichi Asthma growth conservation → Increase of flood

 Basic Act for Environmental Waste liquid Pollution Control (()1967) Minamata Disease  Environmental agency (1971)

1970s CCu Fish dying Cd Rice plants withered

Total number of deaths and fetal deaths : 1,064 Photochemical Ozone layer

Minamata disease 6 Minamata disease 7

What is Minamata disease ? How did Minamata disease occur ? ・ Discovered around the Minamata bay in Kumamoto in 1956 ・ MthlMethyl mercury itiis causative agent catalyst byproduct ・ Released from a nitrogen Minamata factory

Damage factory house drainage water Land To person To environment a nitrogen Minamata factory Sea Big fish

Plankton sludge Sludge Little fish food chain Minamata disease 8 Niigata Minamata Disease 9 Countermeasure In 1965, Niigata Minamata Disease was confirmed. Setting of net as a partition Methyl mercury was discharged from Purpose : shut up the polluted fish Showadenko-Kanose factory, where the From 1974 to 1997 ( 23 years ) acetldhdtaldehyde was bibeing pro duce d. Full length is 4400 m Bioconcentration occurred in The Agano River. Reclamation work net as a partition People who ate the river fish Purpose : store polluted soil underground developed disease, similar to the From 1977 to 1990 ( 13 yy)ears ) Minamata disease. Total cost is 485 billion yen Totalareais58.2haTotal area is 58.2 ha ※Methyl mercury was removed by the dredging work. 1974 After work Patient Area

Anti-mercury 10 Itai-Itai Malady 11

After th e d amage occurred b y mercury, th e Toyama measures have been taken. What is Itai‐Itai Malady? Discovered around Jinzu River Jinzu River Central government Industry lower reach in 1910-1970 Kamioka Mine Cadmium(Cd) caused Takahara River Regulation of mercury use Reduction of the use of mercury. Damage to people and environment in the manufacturing process. One of the case･･･ Using of Wacker process Wha t i s WkWacke process? As the result･･･ Kamioka Mine The old method How to use water of Jinzu River Demand of mercury in Japan (ton/year) Fishing industry Agricultural water Daily life water Zn Refining plant decreased Wacke process Takahara Cd Cd Cd River Cd

Cd Jinzu River Itai-Itai Malady 12 Itai-Itai Malady 13 Damage Countermeasure Source of outbreaks tPto Peopl e Prevent smoke Check drained water Prevent leaked water Strong pain elimination More than Fracture very easily 100 people Debility and die

to Environment Damaged environment

48% of rice paddies were polluted Recover plants Recover soil Polluted soil New soil Barrier to growth of paddy Tillage soil Barrier to growth of fish Non-polluted Plant s di ed d own. soil

Yokkaichi Asthma 14 Yokkaichi Asthma 15

What is “Yokkaichi Asthma” ? Cause and Symptoms ・typical pollution disease by air pollution About 100, 000 tons of sulfur oxides ・occurred in the city of Yokkaichi in Mie Prefecture (sulfurous acid gas) had been discharged between 1960 and 1972 from the Yokkaichi Complex.  chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ・Cause was that SO occurred by burning of x 60m (慢性閉塞性肺疾患) and crude oil.  chronic bronchitis (慢性気管支炎)  pulmonary emphysema (肺気腫)  bronchial asthma (気管支ぜんそ く)

SOx

severe smog children wear the mask some of them even end up dead Yokkaichi Asthma 16 Yokkaichi Asthma 17

Cause and Symptoms Countermeasure About 100, 000 tons of sulfur oxides  set up the air cleaner and gargle room (sulfurous acid gas) had been discharged  introduction of dry skin brushing Taller from the Yokkaichi Complex.  mask which contains active carbon 150～200m  chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  install desulfurization equipment (慢性閉塞性肺疾患)  switching to low-sulfur crude oil dry skin brushing  chronic bronchitis (慢性気管支炎)  pulmonary emphysema (肺気腫)  bronchial asthma (気管支ぜんそ く)

SOx

spread the pollution over a wider area gargle room wear the mask

Yokkaichi Asthma 18 Summary 19

After that…  lead of the Air Pollution Control Law and the "Total Volume Control“  Environment has dramaticallyyp improved ,  Japan experienced a number of serious but there are still 500 patients. environmental pollutions. ■EitiExisting patien t  We should not waste the experiences. ■New patients We must learn from them and move on to sustainable society. Reference –Introduction & History & Ashio Copper Mine- 20 Reference –Minamata Disease- 21

P2 P6-8 「The basic environmental law」 「水俣病の教訓と日本の水銀対策」 http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/er/EL_KKe.html http://www.env.go.jp/chemi/tmms/pr-m/mat01/full.pdf

P3 「熊本県ホームページ」（初めて学ぶ水俣病） 「国立環境研究所 公害問題の歴史」 http://www.pref.kumamoto.jp/ http://www.nies.ggjpo.jp/nieskids/oitachi/index.html （http://www.ppjpppref.kumamoto.jp/uploaded/attachment/53901.pdf） 「環境・公害問題史研究のすすめ」 http://www.jttk.zaq.ne.jp/bacas400/inareki/kankyosi/kankyotop.htm 「水俣病資料館」 http://www.minamata195651.jp/ P4 「 Wikipedia 足尾鉱毒事件」 「水俣病情報センター」 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashio_Copper_Mine http://www.nimd.go.jp/archives/ 「足尾銅山の現地視察記」 http://www.geocities.co.jp/NatureLand/4339/asio.html 「Wikipedia - Minamata disease」 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minamata_disease

Reference -Niigata Minamata Disease- 22 Reference -Yokkaichi Asthma- 23

P9 「新潟水俣病のあらまし」 P14-18 http://www.pref.niigata.lg.jp/HTML_Article/00aramasi.pdf 「Wikipedia」 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokkaichi_asthma P10 「水俣病の教訓と日本の水銀対策」 「三重のお宝Final 石油化学コンビナート」 http://www.env.go.jp/chemi/tmms/pr-m/mat01/full.pdf http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/~t-ito/otakara/otakara3/yokkaiti.pdf

「Wikipedia アセトアルデヒド」 「四日市再生「公害市民塾」」 http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%BB%E3%83 http://yokkaichi-kougai.www2.jp/ %88%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%92%E 3%83%89

「我が国及び世界の水銀の使用・排出状況 」 http://www.env.go.jp/chemi/tmms/seminar/jyoyaku/mat01.pdf#se arch=%27%E6%B0%B4%E9%8A%80%E9%9C%80%E8%A6 %81%E9%87%8F%27