Town Study of Phagwara, Kapurthala, Part-XB, Series-17, Punjab
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CENSUS OF INDIA 1981 PUNJAB , , TOWN STUDY OF PHAGWARA ( DISTRICT KAPURTHALA) DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS PUNJAB CONTENTS PAGES LIST OF PLATES iv A-CENTRAL GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION vi FOREWARD vii PREFACE ix CHAPTER I Introduction CHAPTER II History of Growth of the Town 6 CHAPTER III Amenities and Services-History of Growth and the Present Position 10 CHAPTER IV Economic Life of the Town 22 CHAPTER V Ethnic and Selected Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Population 38 CHAPTER VI Migration and Settlement of Families 48 CHAPTER VII Neighbourhood Pattern 71 CHAPTER VIII Family Life in the Town 74 CHAPTER IX Housing and Material Culture 84 CHAPTER X Organisation of Power and Prestige 88 CHAPTER XI Leisure and Recreation, Social Participation, Social Awareness, Religion and Crime 91 CHAPTER XII Linkages and Continua 97 CHAPTER XIII CONCLUSION 103 APPENDICES 107-151 (Jii) LIST OF PLATES Plate No. Description Facing page 1 2 3 1. A panoramic view of Central :.:art of Phagwara Town 4 2. Administrative Complex (Outer view) 10 3. Administrative Complex (Inner view) 10 4. Office ofthe Punjab State Electricity Board Phagwara 10 S. City Police Station 10 6. Improvement Trust Office 111 7. Town Hall Phagwara 12 8. General Public Toilet (maintained by Municipal Committee Phagwara) 14 9~ Municipal Sewerage Disposal pump installed on Hoshiarpur Road 14 10: Railway junction Phagwara (an outer view) 14 11. Railway junction Phagwara (Inner view) 14 12. A Rickshaw Stand in front of Bus Stand at G.T. Road 14 13. Post and Telegraph Office at G.T. Road 14 14: Telephoneexchange . 14 15; Municipal Fire Brigade Station near Town Hall 14 16. Guru Nanak College Sukh Chain-ana Sahib 20 17. Industrial Training Centre Phagwara 20 18. Civil Hospital Phagwara 20 19. Virk Hospital (Private) 20 20. Export House (Auto parts) in Industrial Area 32 21. A Diesel Engine-an important product of the town 32 22. lagatjit Cotton Textile Mills (J .C.T.) 32 23. Jagatjit Sugar Mills (recently purchased by Oswal Agro) 32 24. SukhjitStarch Mill 32 25. Punjab National Bank-Towards left, Life Insurance Corporation Office is also seen 36 26. A view of Bansanwala Bazar 36 27. A view of whole sale cloth market, Bansanwala Bazar 36 28. A furniture shop on Sarai Road 36 29. A view of Gaushala Bazar . 36 30. Poonam Hotel on G.T. Road 36 J 31. Aliquorshop 36 32. A view of Grain market 36 33. A view of vegetable market • 36 34. Apahaj Ghar (an asylum for destitute and physically hadicapped) 72 35. Jalota House an old mansion 84 36. A residential house in H~rgobind Nagar-Posh area. 84 37. AmodernhouseinModelTown . 84 (iv) lV) 2 3 38. A miqdle income group Habitat 84 39. A Scheduled Caste Habitat . 84 40. Aka! Stadium-Ramgarhia Educational Institutions 92 41. Municipal Library adjacent to Town Hall 92 42. City Club, for recreational activities 92 43. EliteCinemaatG.T.Road . 92 44. Gurudwara Sukh Chainana Sahib Patshahi Sixth at the North Eastern fringe ,of the Town 96 45. Gurudwara Sahib Patshahi Sixth, Chaura Kbuh (wide well) in Gau Shala Bazar • 96 46. Vishvakarma Temple on Banga Road 96 47. Gita Mandir in Model Town 96 48. A mosque on Gau Shala Road 96 CENSUS OF INDIA-19th A-CENTRAL GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS (Printed) Part-I-A Administration Report Enumeration . Part-1MB Administration Report Tabulation Part-II-A General Population Tables "I ' (Printed) Part-11 M B Primary Census Abstract J Part·III General Economic Tables Part-IV Social and Cultural Tables Part-V Migration Tables Part-VI Fertility 1 abIes Part-VII Tat.les on Houses and Disabled Population (Printed) Part·YIlI Household Tables Part-IX Special Tables on Scheduled Castcs and Scheduled Tribes Part-X-A Town Directory (Printed) Part-X-B Survey Reports on Selected Towns Part-X-C Survey Reports on Selected Villages Part·XI Ethnographic Notes and Special Studies on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Part-Xll Census Atlas B-STA1E GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS Part-XIII District Census Handbook for each district in two parts Part·XIIl·A Village and Town Directory Part·XIlI·B Village and Townwise Primary Census Abstract (vi) FOREWORD Apart from the decennial enumeration of population, the Indian Census is steeped in the tradition of undertaking a variety of studies of topical interest. In fact, the publications brought out in connection with the earlier censuses contained veritable mines of information or racial, cultural, linguistic and a number of other aspects of life of the people of this country. With the advent of freedom, however, the scope and dimension of these special studies had to be restructured in a manner that would provide the basic feed backs on the processes of development taking place in different spheres of life of the people especially under planned development. , Thus, in connection with the 1961 Census, a massive programme was launched inter-alia to conduct socio-economic survey of about 500 villages selected from different parts of the country. The main objective of this study was to know the way of life of the people living in Indian villages which accounted for 82 per cent of the total population as per the 1961 Census. There was, however, an imperative need to extend the area of the study to urban centres as well, to provide a complete coverage of the people living in diverse socio-economic conditions. It was with this objective in view ancillary studies on towns were launched as part of the social studies programme in connection with the 1971 Census. The programme of social studies taken up in connection with the 1971 Census, was continued without any major change at the 1981 Census as well. A study on traditional rural based handicrafts was, however, added as a new item under the social study projects of the 1981 Census. For the conduct of urban study, 64 small and medium towns were selected from different parts of the country following the criteria such as (a) size, (b) demographic features, (c) functional characteristics, (d) specific industry or occupation dominating the economy, (e) location, (f) concentration of different castes and communities, and (g) other social and cultural phenomenon like temple town, health resort etc. The research design, tools for data collection and formats for data tabulation and report writing re quired for urban studies were originally formulated by Dr. B.K. Roy Burman, the then Deputy Registrar General, Social Studies Division. His successor, Dr. N. G. Nag took considerable pains to revise all the formats to make them more comprehensive. Dr. K. P. Ittaman, the present Deputy Registrar General heading Social Studies Division coordinated these studies at different levels as well as rendered necessary guidance to the Directorates of Census Operations for their successful consummation. Shri M. K. Jain, Senior Research Officer with the able assistance of Investigators, Shri R. P. Naula and J. P. Joshi did a commendable job in scrutinising the reports and communicating the comments thereon to the Directorates. I am grateful to all of them. The present report is the out-come of a study on Phaawara town undertaken by the Directofate of Census Operations Punjab. I am indebted to Sari 1. C. Kalra Joint Director and his colleaguses in the Census Directorate for their pains taking efforts in bringing out this report. Nnw DELHI, THE 1ST OF JUNE, 1988 V. S. VERMA REGISTRAR GENERAL, INOlA (vii) PREFACE The Census has become an indispensable instrument of policy and developmental planning. Impor tance of census further increases as, apart from conducting population census once in ten years, Census organisation during intercensal period engages itself in various sample surveys to portray various socio economic facts of society by adopting well planned and searching inquiries. These inquiries highlight the social and cultural background of human beings along with their traditions and custom~ which inter-alim tend to influence their social organisation and thus necessitates the study of relevant ingredients responsible for social change at a point of time. Thus census aims at presenting as complete a picture of man as may be possible in his social, cultural and economic setting. India is no doubt predominantly rural, but urbanisation has been increasing at an accelerated rate especially after independance. With increasing temp;) of economic and industrial development of the country urbanisation would s;:em inevitable. In other wJrd, urbanisation has become sine-qua-nqn of pro gress. Urban centres are undoubtedly the centres of dissemination of knowledge, new ideaS";' technical skills and so on. The urban centres form a sort of points of contact with the outside world. This influences the life around till more and more areas get urbanised. In developing countries the age old c1eaL' cut distinc tion between rural and urban style of living is gradually narrowing. Rural-Urban continuum is gradually becoming a reality especially in this state. Visualizing the need to indicate as to how much rural the urban areas are and how much urban the rural areas have become in the wake of urbanisation, we have to collect empirical data at the micro level in respect of certain towns, villages, communities etc., to study the extent of social change. The urban studies aim at determining the pace of urbanisation and its impact on hinter-land and vice versa. Taking into consideration the demographic feature, functional category, location, growth history, net work of linkage with other towns and hinterland, number of ethnic and religious groups and allied cultural phenomena, Phagwara town, in the heart of Punjab State, was selected for intensive urban study. The present monograph is the outcome of this intensive urban study. Phagwara, a medium sized town, was selected for the intensive urban study mainly due to its rapid industrialisation.