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HIV/AIDS Knowledge of Undergraduate Students at a Historically Black College and University
diseases Article HIV/AIDS Knowledge of Undergraduate Students at a Historically Black College and University Prince Onyekachi Andrew 1, Azad Bhuiyan 2,*, Anthony Mawson 2, Sarah G. Buxbaum 2, Jung Hye Sung 2 and Mohammad Shahbazi 2 1 Public Health Clinical Specialist, Lewisville Medical Pharmacy, Lewisville, TX 75057, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213, USA; [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (S.G.B.); [email protected] (J.H.S.); [email protected] (M.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-601-979-8794 Received: 8 September 2018; Accepted: 22 October 2018; Published: 31 October 2018 Abstract: Objective: This study among 400 undergraduate students enrolled at Jackson State University (JSU) study aimed to assess knowledge about HIV and AIDS among African-American undergraduate students attending a historically black college and university. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Data were collected using a validated, self-administered, and standardized questionnaire on knowledge regarding risks for HIV and AIDS. Three hundred and eighty-six students (96.5%) had good knowledge about HIV and AIDS, although some participants had misconceptions about the modes of HIV infection transmission. There were no significant gender differences for HIV and AIDS knowledge among the participants (χ2 = 3.05; P = 0.08). In general we concluded that JSU undergraduate students had adequate knowledge about HIV transmission modes and AIDS, although some participants had misconceptions about the routes of HIV infection transmission. Hence, this study calls for strengthening HIV and AIDS awareness education among undergraduate students. -
RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES AMONG URBAN AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVE MEN WHO HAVE SEX with MEN Cynthia R
AIDS Education and Prevention, 25(1), 25–37, 2013 © 2013 The Guilford Press PEARSON ET AL. RISK REDUCTION AMONG AIAN MSM A CAUTIONARY TALE: RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES AMONG URBAN AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVE MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN Cynthia R. Pearson, Karina L. Walters, Jane M. Simoni, Ramona Beltran, and Kimberly M. Nelson American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) men who have sex with men (MSM) are considered particularly high risk for HIV transmission and acquisition. In a multi-site cross-sectional survey, 174 AIAN men reported having sex with a man in the past 12 months. We describe harm reduc- tion strategies and sexual behavior by HIV serostatus and seroconcordant partnerships. About half (51.3%) of the respondents reported no anal sex or 100% condom use and 8% were in seroconcordant monogamous partnership. Of the 65 men who reported any sero-adaptive strategy (e.g., 100% seroconcordant partnership, strategic positioning or engaging in any strategy half or most of the time), only 35 (54.7%) disclosed their serosta- tus to their partners and 27 (41.5%) tested for HIV in the past 3 months. Public health messages directed towards AIAN MSM should continue to encourage risk reduction practices, including condom use and sero-adaptive behaviors. However, messages should emphasize the importance of HIV testing and HIV serostatus disclosure when relying solely on sero-adaptive practices. HIV/AIDS is an increasing threat to the health and well-being of American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIAN) across the United States (U.S.). According to the Na- tional HIV/AIDS Surveillance System, through 2009 an estimated cumulative total of 3,700 AIDS cases among AIAN were reported to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011a), with a 2009 estimated AIDS case rate of 6.6 per Cynthia R. -
Using Knowledge of HIV Status As an HIV Prevention Strategy
From Prevention in Focus, Spring 2014 Unknown, negative or positive? Using knowledge of HIV status as an HIV prevention strategy By James Wilton and Tim Rogers As front-line workers in HIV prevention, it is important to understand what prevention strategies clients are using and how they understand the risks associated with them. A common HIV prevention strategy used by gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM) is known as “serosorting” and involves limiting all – or just “high-risk” – sexual activities to partners who have the same HIV status. For example, an HIV-negative person may choose to only have condomless sex with other people who are HIV negative or an HIV-positive person may choose to only have condomless sex with other people who are HIV positive. This strategy is used in the context of different types of relationships, such as stable, casual, monogamous and non-monogamous relationships. This article focuses on how often serosorting is used, how well it works, and how knowledge of HIV status can be effectively used as a prevention strategy. The article only covers serosorting strategies that are based on individuals identifying themselves or others as HIV-positive or HIV-negative. It does not address other factors, such as viral load or use of other HIV prevention strategies, which play a very important role in assessing HIV risk. For information on these other strategies, please see the resource list at the end of the article. How common is serosorting? Serosorting is quite common among MSM in Canada and other parts of the world. -
Strategies to Prevent HIV Transmission to Serodiscordant Couples Estratégias De Prevenção Da Transmissão Do HIV Para Casais Sorodiscordantes
DOI: 10.1590/1809-4503201500050013 ORIGINAL ARTICLE / ARTIGO ORIGINAL Strategies to prevent HIV transmission to serodiscordant couples Estratégias de prevenção da transmissão do HIV para casais sorodiscordantes Ronaldo Campos HallalI, Juan Carlos RaxachII, Nêmora Tregnago BarcellosIII, Ivia MaksudIV ABSTRACT: Introduction: The use antiretroviral reduces the sexual transmission of HIV, expanding interventions for serodiscordant couples. Objective: This article aims to review the use of antiretroviral and other prevention interventions among serodiscordant couples and to analyze its use in Brazil. Methods: A retrospective review was performed through the MEDLINE database and bases included in the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Results: The articles recovered exhibit four main strategies: (1) condom; (2) reduction of risks in sexual practices; (3) use of antiretrovirals, particularly early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (TASP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP); (4) risk reduction in reproduction. Discussion: TASP is highly effective in reducing sexual transmission, PrEP was tested in serodiscordant couples and both reduce the sexual transmission risk in different sexual practices, enabling individualized prevention strategies. Conclusions: When used in combination, antiretrovirals and sexual practices with condoms offer greater efficacy than any single strategy. The combined use of new and old strategies allows us to build a prevention policy for all. Keywords: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Health care. Sexuality. HIV seroposivity. Health services. Health public policy. ISanta Casa de Porto Alegre – Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil. IIAssociação Brasileira Interdisciplinar de AIDS – Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil. IIIGraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos; Hospital Sanatório Partenon; State Secretaria of Health – Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil. IVInstituto Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil. -
A Novel Approach to Prevention for At-Risk HIV-Negative Menwhohavesexwithmen:Creatingateachablemoment to Promote Informed Sexual Decision-Making
RESEARCH AND PRACTICE A Novel Approach to Prevention for At-Risk HIV-Negative MenWhoHaveSexWithMen:CreatingaTeachableMoment to Promote Informed Sexual Decision-Making Lisa A. Eaton, PhD, Chauncey Cherry, MPH, Demetria Cain, MPH, and Howard Pope In the United States alone, 56000 new HIV Objectives. As a result of the impact of HIV among men who have sex with infections occur each year, the majority among men (MSM), multiple strategies for reducing HIV risks have emerged from within men who have sex with men (MSM).1 The stable the gay community. One common HIV risk reduction strategy limits unprotected number of MSM becoming infected with HIV sex partners to those who are of the same HIV status (serosorting). We tested testifies to the need for new and innovative a novel, brief, one-on-one intervention, based on informed decision-making and approachestoHIVpreventioninthishigh delivered by peer counselors, designed to address the limitations of serosorting priority population. Community-based pre- (e.g., risk for HIV transmission). vention programs targeting MSM have dwindled Methods. In 2009, we recruited a group of 149 at-risk men living in Atlanta, over the past decade, and only 3 evidence-based Georgia, and randomly assigned them to an intervention condition addressing interventions designed specifically for MSM are serosorting or a standard-of-care control condition. disseminated by the Centers for Disease Control Results. Men in the serosorting intervention reported fewer sexual partners 2 and Prevention, none of which are individual- (Wald c =8.79, P<.01) at the study follow-ups. Behavioral results were also consistent with changes in psychosocial variables, including condom use self- level or brief interventions (for details, see http:// efficacy and perceptions of risk for HIV transmission. -
Association Between Risky Sexual Behaviour and Having Stis Or HIV Among Young Persons Aged 15-24 Years in Uganda
Association between Risky Sexual Behaviour and having STIs or HIV among young persons aged 15-24 years in Uganda Gideon Rutaremwa§1, Peninah Agaba2, Elizabeth Nansubuga2 and Olivia Nankinga2 §Correspondence: [email protected] 1 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Social Development Policy Division, P.O.Box 3001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2 Center for Population and Applied Statistics (CPAS), and Department of Population Studies, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda Author contacts GR: [email protected] PA: [email protected] EN: [email protected] ONJ: [email protected] Abstract Adolescent pregnancy is often discussed in literature as causes of health concern and as a social problem. Taking these accounts as a starting point, this paper uses the 2011 Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey (UAIS) data to explore the factors related to sexual behaviour and risk of STI and HIV infection among youths in Uganda. A total of 2,491 males and female young persons were selected for this study. A complementary log-log regression model was used to examine the association between women’s risky sexual behaviour and having an STI, HIV, and any STI including HIV. Female youths were more likely to contract an STI and HIV compared to their male counterparts (OR=2.1; 95% CI=1.2-3.6). The risk of contracting STIs was higher in Western Region of Uganda compared to Central region (OR=1.4; 95% CI=1.0-1.9). At the same time youths in Eastern Uganda had the least odds (OR=0.63) of contracting STIs. Furthermore, youth with multiple sex 1 partners were more likely to contract STIs including HIV compared to those who had a single partner. -
2012/2013 Annual Report
VICTORIAN AIDS COUNCIL / GAY MEN’S HEALTH CENTRE ANNUAL REPORT 2012-13 OUR FIRST SAFE SEX STICKER, 1985 MARK SAWYER: VOLUNTEER SINCE 2012 Then&Now In 1983 not much was In 2013, HIV prevention known about HIV. No one has come a long way. was certain how it was Condoms, clean needles transmitted. There was and safe sex, safer, better no test you could take to treatments, undetectable viral determine if you had the load, pre and post exposure virus. Concerned members prophylaxis and rapid testing of the gay community were mean that for the first time in mobilised to prevent HIV and the history of the epidemic the Victorian AIDS Council we can all work toward came into being. ending HIV. VAC/GMHC ANNUAL REPORT 2013 l i INSIDE l STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 2 l PRESIDENT’S REPORT 3 l BOARD REPORT 4 l EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S REPORT 6 l 21 STORIES FROM VAC/GMHC 8 CANDLELIGHT VIGIL, 1986 WORLD AIDS DAY, 2012 l 30 YEAR HISTORY PROJECT 16 Then&Now l AWARDS 18 OUR VISION: A FUTURE WITHOUT HIV. FINANCIAL REPORTS A WORLD WHERE ALL SEXUALLY AND l VICTORIAN AIDS COUNCIL INC. 20 GENDER DIVERSE PEOPLE LIVE WITH DIGNITY AND EQUAL RIGHTS AND l GAY MEN’S HEALTH CENTRE INC. 25 PARTICIPATE FULLY IN OUR SOCIETY. l COMBINED VAC/GMHC FINANCIAL REPORT 28 ii l VAC/GMHC ANNUAL REPORT 2013 VAC/GMHC ANNUAL REPORT 2013 l 01 PHIL CARSWELL VAC PRESIDENT 1985 MICHAEL WILLIAMS: PRESIDENT 2012 VICTORIAN AIDS COUNCIL / GAY MEN’S HEALTH CENTRE ESTABLISHED IN 1983 Statement of Purpose The Victorian AIDS Council was Then&Now formed in 1983 as the central In 1983 Phil Carswell In 2012 Michael Williams part of the Victorian gay and became the first President of became the 18th President VAC. -
Prevalence of Hiv-Discordant Couples in Sub-Saharan Africa
PREVALENCE OF HIV-DISCORDANT COUPLES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: WHAT HAS CHANGED OVER THE LAST DECADE? Danielle R. Denardo INTRODUCTION As the HIV-1 epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has matured, the role of stable heterosexual couples (married or cohabitating) as a source of new infections has received more attention, in terms of both research and policy. Recent research has suggested that almost two-thirds of all new HIV infections in SSA occur among stable couples [1]. HIV-serodiscordant couples, stable couples in which only one partner is HIV-positive, are of particular concern given that the HIV- negative partners live with a high risk of infection from within their primary sexual relationship [1-8]. These serodiscordant relationships also present a particular set of challenges for the adoption of preventative sexual behaviors, such as condom use, in that they do not reflect the “high-risk” sexual partners/behaviors (multiple partners, casual partners, pay for/receiving pay for sex) that have been the primary focus of HIV prevention campaigns and messages. Indeed, stable relationships have long been touted as a source of protection against HIV [9-13]. In addition, research in SSA (and many other parts of the world) has shown that navigating safe-sex is often difficult for men and especially for women within stable couples [11, 14-21]. Consistently low HIV testing rates for individuals and couples throughout SSA also mean that many serodiscordant couples are likely unaware of their HIV status both individually and as a couple [22, 23]. Although testing rates are low, studies have shown that HIV-discordant couples who do receive individual and couple-centered voluntary counseling and testing are much more likely to reduce their risk of transmission through the adoption of safe-sex practices and receipt 2 of services such as anti-retroviral treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis, where available [4, 7, 9, 10, 24-28]. -
Promoting the Health of Men Who Have Sex with Men
PROMOTING THE HEALTH OF MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN WORLDWIDE: A TRAINING CURRICULUM FOR PROVIDERS “A young gay man who I know reported to us an experience at the hospital where he had gone to seek treatment for a potential sexually transmitted infection. The nurses literally laughed at him when he divulged his sexual orientation during sexual history taking. They called each other and made a spectacle of him. … Men who have sex with men stay away from services because they fear being ridiculed.” — 26-year-old gay man and HIV professional, sub-Saharan Africa Contents A. Overview of the MSMGF-JHU Curriculum h. Why talk about sexual health? i. The larger context B. Pilot Test with GALZ, Zimbabwe j. Sexual and reproductive rights of gay men and C. Technical Advisory Board & other MSM Acknowledgements k. Key points from the module D. Facilitator’s Guidelines Module III: Barriers to Health a. Conceptual Framework: Facilitators, barriers, E. Tools for Evaluating Your Training and critical enablers to service access Module I: Understanding Gay Men and Other i. Structural-level factors MSM ii. Community and interpersonal-level factors a. Who are MSM? iii. Individual-level factors b. Evidence for male-to-male sex b. What are stigma and discrimination c. Key terminology i. Stigma d. Myths concerning homosexuality ii. Discrimination e. Common sexual practices of gay men and iii. Homophobia other MSM c. Stigma within the gay community i. Penetrative anal sex d. HIV-related stigma ii. Other sexual practices e. Link between social discrimination and health f. Relationships among gay men and other MSM i. -
PREP ACCESS in EUROPE ©Mike Kear ©Mike
PrEP in Europe Initiative PREP ACCESS IN EUROPE ©Mike Kear ©Mike PrEP in Europe Initiative (PEI) ©Rémon van den Kommer ©Jasn ©PrEp NU- Rémon van den Kommer ©Mike Kear ©Mike 1 ©Natasha Valentino PrEP in Europe Initiative Table of Contents About the PrEP in Europe Initiative 3 Introduction 4 About this report 5 Clinical trials of PrEP conducted in Europe 6 Demonstration projects in Europe to date 7 European-wide guidelines on PrEP 8 National-level guidelines and recommendations 8 European surveys of PrEP use 10 PrEP in England 12 Prescribing of Truvada® off-label 13 “DIY PrEP”: Informal PrEP use 14 Conclusion and recommendations 17 Photo Credits Mike Kear - Jasn - PrEPnu NL, Rémon van den Kommer - BCN Checkpoint - Miran Solinc, SKUC Dylan Lee - NAT Portugal - NAT España Graphic Design www.altitude.design.be 2 PrEP in Europe Initiative About the PrEP in Europe Initiative The PrEP in Europe Initiative (PEI) is a new initiative, a coalition of European organisations and activists concerned with HIV prevention and specifically with ensuring access to PrEP (pre- exposure prophylaxis) among people at high risk of HIV. Our mission is threefold: to disseminate up-to-date information on PrEP access in Europe; to influence policymakers and health funders to adopt PrEP in their countries; and to support organisations, groups and individuals advocating for PrEP in their own countries and communities. It is run by a steering committee of pan-European advocacy organisations including AVAC, NAM/ aidsmap, EATG, AIDS Action Europe, the National AIDS Trust and AIDES. PEI is in the process of establishing a permanent secretariat and website, and it has its own social media page on Facebook.1 ©Jasn ©NAT Portugal ©NAT ©Mike Kear ©Mike Kear © BCN Checkpoint ©NAT 1 www.facebook.com/groups/PrEPinEurope/ 3 PrEP in Europe Initiative Introduction PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) refers to the use of antiretroviral medication before exposure (daily or intermittently) by people at risk of HIV to prevent them from acquiring HIV. -
Serosorting Among Men at Risk for HIV
RESEARCH: Gay Men & Men Who Have Sex with Men & Women Serosorting among Men at Risk for HIV PIs: Willi McFarland PhD, Hong-Ha Truong PhD Project Description This study will obtain cross-sectional and longitudinal data on “HIV serosorting” among MSM in San Francisco. We broadly define HIV serosorting as diverse strategies to reduce HIV acquisition or transmission by intentionally selecting sexual partners of the same serostatus or by modifying sexual practices depending on the partner’s serostatus. We will recruit a community-based cohort of HIV- and HIV+ MSM using a probability- based time-location sampling method with longitudinal follow-up over the Internet. Significance The current phase of the HIV epidemic in San Francisco is complex with rising levels of overall unprotected anal sex (UAS) and STDs, yet stable HIV incidence. We hypothesize that HIV serosorting may explain these apparently contradictory findings; that is, increasing UAS with partners of the same HIV serostatus is leading to increases in STD incidence but not HIV incidence. While some evidence suggests serosorting may be increasing among MSM in San Francisco, many questions remain: How prevalent is serosorting as a deliberately adopted HIV prevention strategy in the MSM community? How do MSM identify partners of the same serostatus? What factors contribute to the success or failure of adhering to serosorting strategies? We need detailed and prospectively collected data in order to answer these questions and to assess the causal relationship between reported serosorting and actual risk for HIV. Accurate information is essential for 1) dispelling misperceptions of serosorting if it is not causally associated with reducing serodiscordant UAS, 2) increasing serosorting success if it is, or 3) framing serosorting in the context of risk reduction (but not elimination) if its role in reducing risk is mixed. -
Does the Number of Sex Partners Affect School Attainment?*
The Price of Promiscuity: Does the Number of Sex Partners Affect School Attainment?* Joseph J. Sabia American University Department of Public Administration and Policy School of Public Affairs Washington, D.C. 20016 Phone: (202) 885-3653 Fax: (202) 885-2347 Email: [email protected] Daniel I. Rees University of Colorado Denver Department of Economics, CB 181 P.O. Box 173364 Denver, CO 80217-3364 Phone: (303) 556-3348 Fax: (303) 556-3547 E-mail: [email protected] February 2009 * This research uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, designed by J. Richard Udry, Peter S. Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris, and funded by a grant P01-HD31921 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with cooperative funding from 17 other agencies. Special acknowledgment is due Ronald R. Rindfuss and Barbara Entwisle for assistance in the original design. Persons interested in obtaining data files from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health should contact Add Health, Carolina Population Center, 123 W. Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-2524 (http://www.cpc.unc.edu/addhealth/contract.html). The Price of Promiscuity: Does the Number of Sex Partners Affect School Attainment? Abstract We use data on young women from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to explore the relationship between number of sex partners and educational attainment. Ordinary least squares and instrumental variables estimates suggest that number of sex partners is negatively related to educational attainment, a result that is consistent with the argument that romantic involvements are time consuming and can impose substantial emotional costs on adolescents and young adults.