DOCSLIB.ORG

WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region WHO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD TERMINOLOGIES ON TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region 1. Medicine, Traditional. 2. Terminology ISBN 978 92 9061 248 7 (NLM Classification: WB50) © World Health Organization (2007) Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. For rights of reproduction or translation of WHO publications, in part or in toto, application should be made to the Office of Publications, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, or to the Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines. The World Health Organization welcomes such applications. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and ommissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii INTRODUCTION 1 GENERAL 9 BASIC THEORIES 13 Essential Qi Theory, Yin-yang Theory, and Five Phase Theory 13 Essence, Spirit, Qi, Blood, Fluid and Humor 17 Viscera and Bowels 21 Meridian and Collateral 28 Body Constituents and Orifices of Sense Organ 35 Cause of Disease 39 Mechanism of Disease 46 Others 76 DIAGNOSTICS 79 Inspection 80 Listening and Smelling Examination 87 Inquiry 88 Palpation 100 Eight Principle Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 106 Disease Cause Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 116 Qi-Blood Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 124 Fluid-Humor Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 129 Visceral Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 130 Various Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 146 Six-Meridian Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 152 Defense, Qi, Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 156 Triple Energizer Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 160 DISEASE 162 Internal Medicine 162 External Medicine 177 Gynecology and Obstetrics 184 Pediatrics 189 Ophthalmology 194 Otorhinolaryngostomatology 198 Orthopedics and Traumatology 202 Others 202 THERAPEUTICS 204 Method of Treatment 205 ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION 233 Acupuncture 233 Moxibustion 251 Cupping 254 MEDICINAL TREATMENT 255 Medicinal 255 Formula 264 CLASSICS OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 271 Internal Classic 271 Cold Damage and Golden Chamber 271 Diagnostics 272 Warm (Pathogen) Disease 272 Materia Medica 273 Prescriptions/Formularies 274 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 276 Miscellaneous 277 REFERENCES 283 INDEX 285 ANNEX 349 v FOREWORD Traditional medicine has been practised for thousands of years. It was the only available method of health care in this part of the world before western modern medicine was introduced to our Region. Even after the advent of modern medicine, traditional medicine plays an important role in many countries. Since the Declaration of Alma-Ata mentioned the role of traditional practitioners in the primary health care in 1978, WHO started to pay attention to traditional medicine. Almost three decades later, in the Fifty-ninth World Health Assembly in Geneva in 2006, the 192 Member States were encouraged to integrate traditional medicine into their public health systems and to promote harmonization with western modern medicine. It shows how traditional medicine has rapidly and intensively strived and innovated in recent decades. In many ways, the WHO Western Pacific Region is playing a leading role in promoting the appropriate use of traditional medicine within the Organization. The main theme of our traditional medicine programme is “standardization with evidence-based approaches”. In this context, standardization of such areas of traditional medicine as terminology, acupuncture point locations, herbal medicine, research, clinical practice and information is ongoing. Science and civilization have developed because of language. Likewise, traditional medicine has been developing for thousands of years with its own set of terms. However, historical conditions have brought about various expressions in traditional medicine. Its subjective features have even intensified its diversities. Although traditional medicine can be defined with indigenous characters, its terminology should be standardized for modern usage. International standard terminology will greatly expedite scientific communications in traditional medicine societies. It is the very first step towards the globalization of traditional medicine. The WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific has convened three meetings for developing international standard terminology on traditional medicine in Beijing, China in October 2004; Tokyo, Japan in June 2005; and Daegu, Republic of Korea in October 2005 and gained successful outcomes as shown in this monograph. I would like to express, on behalf of the World Health Organization, our sincere gratitude to those experts and institutes participating and supporting development of the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region. It is hoped that this publication will contribute to the exchange of information throughout the world. Shigeru Omi, MD, Ph.D. Regional Director vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific expresses its appreciation to all those who contributed to the production of this document. WHO recognizes the people who dedicated their lives to the development of traditional medicine in our Region from ancient times particularly the ancestors who are symbolized as Huangdi and Shennong. Appreciation is also extended to the experts who attended the meetings on development of International Standard Terminologies held in Beijing, China; Tokyo, Japan; and Daegu, Republic of Korea, as well as the external peer reviewers. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea for their financial support, to the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine China, the Japan Liaison of Oriental Medicine and the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies, without which we would not have been able to publish this book. WHO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD TERMINOLOGIES ON TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION 1 INTRODUCTION In the Western Pacific Region, the major system of traditional medicine which originated from ancient China has continued to develop not only in China but also in neighbouring countries and areas, particularly in Japan, the Republic of Korea and Viet Nam, with certain variations in accordance with local conditions, i.e. availability of natural resources, indigenous culture and political climate. Different names have been designated for this system of traditional medicine as it developed in various countries, such as Oriental medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Korean medicine, Kampo medicine and traditional Vietnamese medicine. They are collectively called traditional medicine (TRM) in the Western Pacific Region. Traditional medicine is a comprehensive system of medicine characterized by its own theoretical basis and practical experience. It includes herbal medicine, acupuncture and other non-medication therapies. Owing to its unique paradigm and remarkable efficacy with fewer adverse effects, this system of medicine has been attracting more and more interest internationally. Considering the recent rapid increase in the worldwide use of TRM, there is a pressing need for a common language, i.e. an international standard terminology. In 1981, the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for the Western Pacific organized a Working Group for the Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature. After 10 years of effort, a consensus on the proposed standard international acupuncture nomenclature was reached by the Regional Office for the Western Pacific’s Working Group and then by the WHO Scientific Group in Geneva. In 1991, A Proposed Standard International Acupuncture Nomenclature was published by WHO in Geneva and a revised edition of Standard Acupuncture Nomenclature (Part 1 and 2) was published by the Regional Office for the Western Pacific in Manila. Practical use has proven these WHO publications to be invaluable contributions to international information exchange on acupuncture. However, the publications are still quite limited, only including nomenclature for the 14 meridians, 361 classical acupuncture points, 8 extra meridians, 48 extra points, 14 scalp acupuncture lines and a few terms related to acupuncture needles. Moreover, to meet the increasing demands of practice, education, research and exchange of information, there is an urgent need to develop standardized terminology and nomenclature for TRM as a whole. In 2004, recognizing that the main role of standards is for upgrading levels of quality, safety,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/28/2021 09:41:18AM Via Free Access 102 M
    Asian Medicine 7 (2012) 101–127 brill.com/asme Palpable Access to the Divine: Daoist Medieval Massage, Visualisation and Internal Sensation1 Michael Stanley-Baker Abstract This paper examines convergent discourses of cure, health and transcendence in fourth century Daoist scriptures. The therapeutic massages, inner awareness and visualisation practices described here are from a collection of revelations which became the founding documents for Shangqing (Upper Clarity) Daoism, one of the most influential sects of its time. Although formal theories organised these practices so that salvation superseded curing, in practice they were used together. This blending was achieved through a series of textual features and synæsthesic practices intended to address existential and bodily crises simultaneously. This paper shows how therapeutic inter- ests were fundamental to soteriology, and how salvation informed therapy, thus drawing atten- tion to the entanglements of religion and medicine in early medieval China. Keywords Massage, synæsthesia, visualisation, Daoism, body gods, soteriology The primary sources for this paper are the scriptures of the Shangqing 上清 (Upper Clarity), an early Daoist school which rose to prominence as the fam- ily religion of the imperial family. The soteriological goal was to join an elite class of divine being in the Shangqing heaven, the Perfected (zhen 真), who were superior to Transcendents (xianren 仙). Their teachings emerged at a watershed point in the development of Daoism, the indigenous religion of 1 I am grateful for the insightful criticisms and comments on draughts of this paper from Robert Campany, Jennifer Cash, Charles Chase, Terry Kleeman, Vivienne Lo, Johnathan Pettit, Pierce Salguero, and Nathan Sivin.
    [Show full text]
  • Energies Alterations and Chakras' Energies Deficiencies As One of The
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Energies Alterations and Chakras’ Energies Deficiencies as one of the Causes of Psoriasis Huang Wei Ling Infectious Diseases, General Practice, Nutrition, Acupuncture, Pain management, Medical Acupuncture and Pain Management Clinic, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil ABSTRACT Introduction: Psoriasis is an inflammatory and proliferative condition of the skin characterized by plaques covered by silvery scales mainly in the exterior surfaces, lumbar region, and scalp. In traditional Chinese medicine, psoriasis is caused by the internal Heat generating a Fire, caused by emotional factors leading to a blocked in the Qi movement. This Fire can enter the Blood circulation or stagnate due to improper diet or due to exogenous Fire. Purpose: the purpose of this study is to demonstrate that patients with psoriasis symptoms have energies alterations and chakras’ energies deficiencies and the balance of this internal energies using Chinese dietary counseling, auricular acupuncture associating with apex ear bloodletting and replenishing the chakras’ energies meridians using homeopathies medications according to the theory Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine are important tools to treat this kind of patients. Methods: Two cases report of patients with history of psoriasis symptoms during years using topical medications and other treatments without any success. They both began treatment using Chinese dietary counseling avoiding dairy products, raw foods, sweets, cold water and also, fried foods, chocolate, honey, coconut, alcoholic beverages, and melted cheese. The radiesthesia procedure was done and reveled that all chakras’ energies were in the lowest level of energy, rated one out of eight and the treatment replenishing the chakras’ energies meridians using homeopathies medications according to the theory created by the author entitled Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements based on Traditional Chinese Medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • REVIEW ESSAY Situating the History of Medicine Within Chinese History
    REVIEW ESSAY Situating the History of Medicine within Chinese History Marta Hanson, John Hopkins University Andrew Schonebaum. Novel Medicine: Healing, Literature, and Popular Knowledge in Early Modern China. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2016. 296 pp. $50 (cloth); $30 (paper). Hilary A. Smith. Forgotten Disease: Illnesses Transformed in Chinese Medicine. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2017. 248 pp. $85 (cloth); $25 (paper/e-book). The past ten years have seen the publication of more than seventy English-language monographs, edited books, translations, dictionaries, and even a three-volume catalogue, related to the history of medicine in China. Such substantive, varied, and often ground-breaking scholarship is finally starting to do justice to the complexity of the subject and the richness of the sources vis-à-vis the better known, and thus more widely taught, history of European and Anglo-American medicine from antiquity to the modern world. Collectively bringing the field of the history of medicine in China to a new level of synthesis, these works not only demonstrate how integral the history of medicine and public health is to Chinese history but also should help facilitate the integration of East Asian medical history into more broadly conceived global histories of medicine and public health. This major boon in publications on the medical history of China over the past decade also reveals the wide-ranging methods and diverse approaches scholars have chosen to frame, and thereby exert heuristic control over, what arguably has become newly visible as the contours of a vast, complex, and essential subject of not just Chinese but human history.
    [Show full text]
  • Schematizing Plum Blossoms
    Schematizing Plum Blossoms: Understanding Printed Images in Thirteenth-Century China By Mengge Cao B.A., McGill University, 2014 A Thesis Submitted to Department of the Art History and Communication Studies of McGill University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Department of Art History and Communication Studies McGill University Montreal, Quebec December 2016 © Mengge Cao 2016 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the significance of the printed images in the Register of Plum Blossom Portraits (Meihua xishen pu, d. 1238), the earliest extant book illustrating plum blossoms. In particular, it focuses primarily on the visual analogs in the Register, which consists of one hundred titled picture-poem sequences. Approaching the Register through the method of “period eye,” this thesis emphasizes on two factors that shaped the author’s compositional strategy: the potentiality of the print medium and the influence of the Learning of the Way (daoxue) conceptual framework. Section 1 offers factual information concerning the production and reception of the Register. Section 2 reveals the connection between the printed plum blossoms and their counterparts in the Song dynasty (960–1279) illustrated books. Section 3 investigates the conceptual foundation of the visual analogs in the Learning of the Way framework. ii RESUME Cette thèse examine l’impact historique des images imprimées dans la Chine du treizième siècle à travers l’étude du Registre des portraits de fleurs de prunier (Meihua xishen pu, d. 1238), le livre le plus ancien illustrant des fleurs de prunier. Elle concerne plus particulièrement les séquences de poèmes-images présents dans le Registre en tant qu’analog mot-image documenté par la circulation des livres ayant permis une nouvelle approche pour traiter les données visuelles.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracing Changes in Acu- Moxa Therapy During the Transition from the Tang to the Song Dynasties 1
    EASTM 18 (2001): 75-11 I Changing Standards: Tracing Changes in Acu­ moxa Therapy During the Transition from the Tang to the Song Dynasties 1 Asaf Goldschmidt [Asaf Goldschmidt is a lecturer at Tel Aviv University, Israel. He received his Ph.D. in History and Sociology of Science from the University of Pennsylvania in I 999. His dissertation was on "The transformations of Chinese medicine dur­ ing the Northern Song dynasty (920-1127)." The dissertation analysed how by the end of the Northern Song dynasty three past medical approaches converged into one comprehensive medical system. He is currently working on a history of the first imperially sponsored pharmacy in China and on the influence of the Song emperor Huizang on medicine.] * * * Acupuncture is probably one of the most renowned topics when traditional Chi­ nese medicine is discussed. Indeed, more often than not, when people discuss traditional Chinese medicine one of the first issues they discuss is acu-moxa therapy (see definition below). Acu-moxa therapy is certainly one of the most intriguing and unintuitive therapeutic skills in the arsenal of traditional Chinese medicine. However in spite of this, little research has been conducted on the history of this topic. Existing works mostly concentrate on either the question of the origin of acu-moxa therapy or provide a general overview of its history.2 This paper offers a different approach - it compares the contents of six surviving texts of acu-moxa therapy dating to the late Tang and early Song dynasties. By com­ paring the contents of these works, I attempt to examine changes in the manu­ scripts available to practitioners of that era.
    [Show full text]
  • TREATMENT of CANCER with CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINE Signe E Beebe DVM, CVA, CVCH, CVT Integrative Veterinary Center Sacramento, California, USA
    TREATMENT OF CANCER WITH CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINE Signe E Beebe DVM, CVA, CVCH, CVT Integrative Veterinary Center Sacramento, California, USA The focus of this discussion is on the use of Chinese herbal medicine to treat cancer. Acupuncture and Chinese food therapy are typically combined with Chinese herbs in the treatment of cancer. In addition, European mistletoe (IscadorR, HelixorR) and other integrative therapies such as intravenous Vitamin C can also be used in combination with Chinese medicine to treat cancer. The incidence of cancer in pet animals has been gradually increasing over the past few decades and the features of cancer (tumor genetics, biological behavior and histopathology) in dogs appear to parallel that of humans (Paoloni, M., Khanna C., Science and Society: Translation of New Cancer Treatments from Pet Dogs to Humans, Nature Review Cancer, 2008:8:147-156). Cancer incidence increases with age and according to the AVMA is the leading cause of death in dogs 10 years of age and older. Several European cancer group registries have been tracking and recording the occurrence of spontaneous tumors in pet animals as well. Cancer or malignant neoplasia is a class of disease that involves tissues with an altered cell population that operates independently of normal cellular controls. Three properties differentiate them from benign tumors; cancers grow uncontrollably, invade and destroy adjacent tissues and can metastasize and spread to other parts of the body via blood and or lymphatic circulation. Cancers consume body resources, grow at the expense of the individual and provide no benefit to the body. The most common cancers reported involved the skin (mast cell tumor), mammary glands (adenocarcinoma) and lymph tissue (lymphoma).
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Neijing Classical Acupuncture Part II: Clinical Theory Journal of Chinese Medicine • Number 102 • June 2013
    20 Introduction to Neijing Classical Acupuncture Part II: Clinical Theory Journal of Chinese Medicine • Number 102 • June 2013 Introduction to Neijing Classical Acupuncture Part II: Clinical Theory Abstract By: Edward Neal As outlined in Part I of this article, the theories and practices of Neijing classical acupuncture are radically different from the type of acupuncture commonly practised today. In essence, Neijing classical acupuncture is Keywords: a form of clinical surgery, the goal of which is to restore the body’s circulatory pathways and tissue planes to a Acupuncture, state of dynamic balance. In its clinical application, Neijing classical acupuncture is a physician-level skill built Neijing, classical, upon a sophisticated understanding of the innate patterns of nature and an in-depth knowledge of the structure history, basic and physiology of the human body. Neijing classical acupuncture does not depend on point-action theory - the principles conceptual framework that dominates most current thinking in modern acupuncture - for its therapeutic efficacy. Rather, the goal of Neijing classical acupuncture is to regulate the different tissue planes of the body in order to restore the free circulation of blood, and in doing so allow the body to return to its original state of balance and innate self-healing. I. Background theoretical descriptions of acupuncture were outlined The detailed writings laid down in the original texts in the original medical texts where their core principles of Chinese medicine during the later Warring States period (475-221 BCE) and Western Han Dynasty (206 that is the least understood today.3 BCE-9 CE) represent a comprehensive theoretical system that has stood the test of time for over two History of the Lingshu family of texts millennia.
    [Show full text]
  • Making the Palace Machine Work Palace Machine the Making
    11 ASIAN HISTORY Siebert, (eds) & Ko Chen Making the Machine Palace Work Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Making the Palace Machine Work Asian History The aim of the series is to offer a forum for writers of monographs and occasionally anthologies on Asian history. The series focuses on cultural and historical studies of politics and intellectual ideas and crosscuts the disciplines of history, political science, sociology and cultural studies. Series Editor Hans Hågerdal, Linnaeus University, Sweden Editorial Board Roger Greatrex, Lund University David Henley, Leiden University Ariel Lopez, University of the Philippines Angela Schottenhammer, University of Salzburg Deborah Sutton, Lancaster University Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: Artful adaptation of a section of the 1750 Complete Map of Beijing of the Qianlong Era (Qianlong Beijing quantu 乾隆北京全圖) showing the Imperial Household Department by Martina Siebert based on the digital copy from the Digital Silk Road project (http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/II-11-D-802, vol. 8, leaf 7) Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6372 035 9 e-isbn 978 90 4855 322 8 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789463720359 nur 692 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) The authors / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2021 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise).
    [Show full text]
  • The Menstruating Womb a Cross-Cultural Analysis of Body and Gender in Hŏ Chun’S Precious Mirror of Eastern Medicine (1613)
    asian medicine 11 (2016) 21–60 brill.com/asme The Menstruating Womb A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Body and Gender in Hŏ Chun’s Precious Mirror of Eastern Medicine (1613) Yi-Li Wu Lieberthal-Rogel Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor [email protected] Abstract This paper analyses body and gender in East Asian medicine through a case study of Hŏ Chun’s 許浚 Precious Mirror of Eastern Medicine (Tongŭi pogam 東醫寶鑑, first ed. 1613). While Hŏ Chun’s Chinese sources classified menstrual ailments as a disease of women, Hŏ created a new nosological model that defined menstrual ailments as mala- dies of the ‘womb’, an internal body part found in men and women alike. I read back and forth between the Precious Mirror and the Chinese sources that Hŏ Chun cites to analyse the textual and intellectual processes by which he constructed his androgy- nous, menstruating womb. My findings engage with scholarship on the history of East Asian medical exchanges as well as with scholarship on menstruation, sex, and gender in world medicine. Keywords Hŏ Chun – Tongŭi pogam – menstruation – womb – gender – women’s diseases – Chosŏn dynasty – Ming dynasty Introduction Where do menses come from, and is menstruation a bodily phenome- non unique to females? Biomedicine says that a uniquely female organ― the uterus―prepares itself for a possible pregnancy each month by © Yi-Li Wu, ���7 | doi �0.��63/�5734��8-��34�377 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the prevailing CC-BY license at the time of publication. Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 04:56:20PM via free access 22 Wu building up a nutrient rich inner lining.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional-Chinese-Health-Secrets
    YMAA PUBLICATION CENTER YMAA is dedicated to developing the most clear and in-depth instructional materials to transmit the martial legacy. Our books, videos and DVDs are created in collab- oration with master teachers, students and technology experts with a single-minded purpose: to fulfill your individual needs in learning and daily practice. This downloadable document is intended as a sample only. To order this book, please click on our logo which will take you to this product’s page. An order button can be found at the bottom. We hope that you enjoy this preview and encourage you to explore the many other downloadable samples of books, music, and movies throughout our website. Most downloads are found at the bottom of product pages in our Web Store. Did you know? • YMAA hosts one of the most active Qigong and martial arts forums on the internet? Over 5,000 registered users, dozens of categories, and over 10,000 articles. • YMAA has a free quarterly newsletter containing articles, interviews, product reviews, events, and more. YMAA Publication Center 1-800-669-8892 [email protected] www.ymaa.com ISBN892 cover layout 1/31/07 12:02 PM Page 1 Alternative Health/Qigong/Fitness B046/892 Discover—and Use—the Wisdom of the Sages! T There's an old Chinese proverb which states, “Optimism will help you forget sor- R row.” It is widely believed that an optimistic, stable mood and mental balance calms A D the body's vital energies and spirit, aiding in the circulation of blood and Qi, thus TRADITIONAL I improving health.
    [Show full text]
  • The Journal of Osteopathy October 1902
    The Journal of Osteopathy October 1902 Reproduced with a gift from Jane Stark, B.Sc., Dip. S.I.M., C.A.T. (c), D.O.M.P. Still National Osteopathic Museum © May not be reproduced without the permission of the Still National Osteopathic Museum © Still National Osteopathic Museum, Kirks,:iIIe, MO THE JOURNAL OF OS~"EOPATHY KIRKSVILLE, MISSOURI, OCTOBER, 1902. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF NEW MEXICO AND OSTEO­ PATHIC TREATMENT FOR TUBERCULOSIS. C. H. CONNER M. D., D.O., ALBUQUERQUE, N. M. TUBERCULOSIS is the most widely spread and general disease afflicting mankind. It prevails in all countries but more in large cities and where the population is massed together. The greatest prevalence of tuberculosis is' found where the residents are confined and restricted in the matter of fresh air and a free, open life; condi­ tions which would favor, on the one hand, the presence of bacilli in the atmos­ phere and on the other, lower the vital resistance of the individual. The etiology of this disease has a wide range of different opinions: her­ editary transmissions, modes of living, climate, the bacillus tuberculosis, in­ fection through the air, milk, meat and other articles of food and lastly, trau­ matism and constitutional peculiarities which I wish to discuss from an osteo­ pathic standpoint. Since the announ('ement by Robt. Koch of Berlin, in 1882 of the specific causative factor of tuberculosis (the so-called bacillus of tuber­ culosis), practically nothing has been accomplished in either limiting or pre­ venting the spread of this great malady. Numberless rem~dies and alleged specifics have been heralded to the world from time to time, such as the differ­ ent concoctions of cod liver oil, creosote and the various poisonous prepara­ tions known as serums.
    [Show full text]
  • Parts of the Body 1) Head – Caput, Capitus 2) Skull- Cranium Cephalic- Toward the Skull Caudal- Toward the Tail Rostral- Toward the Nose 3) Collum (Pl
    BIO 3330 Advanced Human Cadaver Anatomy Instructor: Dr. Jeff Simpson Department of Biology Metropolitan State College of Denver 1 PARTS OF THE BODY 1) HEAD – CAPUT, CAPITUS 2) SKULL- CRANIUM CEPHALIC- TOWARD THE SKULL CAUDAL- TOWARD THE TAIL ROSTRAL- TOWARD THE NOSE 3) COLLUM (PL. COLLI), CERVIX 4) TRUNK- THORAX, CHEST 5) ABDOMEN- AREA BETWEEN THE DIAPHRAGM AND THE HIP BONES 6) PELVIS- AREA BETWEEN OS COXAS EXTREMITIES -UPPER 1) SHOULDER GIRDLE - SCAPULA, CLAVICLE 2) BRACHIUM - ARM 3) ANTEBRACHIUM -FOREARM 4) CUBITAL FOSSA 6) METACARPALS 7) PHALANGES 2 Lower Extremities Pelvis Os Coxae (2) Inominant Bones Sacrum Coccyx Terms of Position and Direction Anatomical Position Body Erect, head, eyes and toes facing forward. Limbs at side, palms facing forward Anterior-ventral Posterior-dorsal Superficial Deep Internal/external Vertical & horizontal- refer to the body in the standing position Lateral/ medial Superior/inferior Ipsilateral Contralateral Planes of the Body Median-cuts the body into left and right halves Sagittal- parallel to median Frontal (Coronal)- divides the body into front and back halves 3 Horizontal(transverse)- cuts the body into upper and lower portions Positions of the Body Proximal Distal Limbs Radial Ulnar Tibial Fibular Foot Dorsum Plantar Hallicus HAND Dorsum- back of hand Palmar (volar)- palm side Pollicus Index finger Middle finger Ring finger Pinky finger TERMS OF MOVEMENT 1) FLEXION: DECREASE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OF A JOINT 2) EXTENSION: INCREASE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OF A JOINT 3) ADDUCTION: TOWARDS MIDLINE
    [Show full text]