DOCSLIB.ORG

Full Thesis.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

A STUDY ON APPLICATION OF NATM METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION OF METRO SYSTEM IN DHAKA CITY BY MOHAMMAD FARZAD FARAZANDEH MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (TRANSPORTATION) DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY FEBRUARY, 2010 A STUDY ON APPLICATION OF NATM METHOD FOR CONSTRUCITON OF METRO SYSTEM IN DHAKA CITY BY MOHAMMAD FARZAD FARAZANDEH A thesis submitted to Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, In partial fulfillment of requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (TRANSPORTATION) Department of Civil Engineering BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY February, 2010 i The thesis titled “A study on application of NATM method for construction of Metro system in Dhaka city” submitted by Mohammad Farzad Farazandeh, Roll: 04084426(F), Session April 2008, has been accepted as satisfactory in partial fulfillment of requirement of the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering (Transportation). BOARD OF EXAMINERS ---------------------------------- Dr. Md. Shamsul Hoque CHAIRMAN Professor, Department of Civil Engineering BUET Dhaka-1000 (Supervisor) --------------------------------- Dr. Md. Saiful Alam Siddiquee MEMBER Professor, Department of Civil Engineering BUET, Dhaka-1000 (Co-Supervisor) ------------------------------ Dr. Md. Zoynul Abedin MEMBER Professor, Department of Civil Engineering (Ex-Officio) BUET, Dhaka-1000 ----------------------------- Dr. Alamgir Mojibul Hoque MEMBER Professor, Department of Civil Engineering BUET, Dhaka-1000 ------------------------------- Dr. Tanweer Hassan MEMBER Professor, Department of Civil Engineering BUET, Dhaka-1000 --------------------------------- Dr. S. M. Salehuddin MEMBER Additional Executive Director (External) Dhaka Transport Coordination Board (DTCB) Ministry of Communication ii DECLERATION I hereby declare that the research work reported in this thesis has been performed by me and this thesis or any part of it has not been submitted elsewhere for any other purpose except when due reference is made in the text of the thesis. February 2010 MOHAMMAD FARZAD FARAZANDEH iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all the author wishes to express his deepest gratitude by heart and soul to the almighty Allah, for giving this opportunity and for enabling to complete the thesis successfully. The author is deeply indebted to and expresses his utmost gratitude from the heart to Dr. Md. Shamsul Hoque, Professor of Civil Engineering Department, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, who supervised the work, for his close supervision, continued professional guidance, endless encouragement, constructive comments and helpful suggestions to make the study possible. His active interest in the topic and advice throughout the study were of immense help. The author is also grateful to Engr. Moshirifar, Phd. Civil engineering , Chief Design Manager and DGM of Perlite Company, head office, Engr. Gholamreza Yousefi M.Sc. civil engineering Tohid Tunnel operation manager Head office Organization, Kaatebian, B.Sc Mining Engineering Site Chief Engineer of Resaalat Tunnel management Head Organization in Tehran as well as Zulfiqar Tahmid, B.Sc Mechanical Enginner, MIEB, Manager, system engineering and design, Dhaka Electric Supply Company Ltd (DESCO) head office, Ataul Hoque DGM of DPDC head office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Mohammad Nurol Hoque B.Sc Civil Engineering, Chief Engineer, WASA Head office, Fuatul Islam Director Operation of Titas gas head office, Dhaka Bangladesh and Anwar Husain Divisional Engineer BTCL office, Dhaka Bangladesh and to those people who helped him collect the field data in various occasions in Bangladesh and in Iran and to them who helped him time to time with their thoughtful advice. Finally, the author expresses endless contribution of his parents from the core of his heart for their continuous encouragement of his parents with their endless support and motivation. iv ABSTRACT A study on the application of various methods of construction of underground metro for Dhaka city is undertaken in this thesis. A tunnel route alignment along the existing road surface starting from Pallabi to Sayedabad is chosen for this study. Infrastructure nearby the route that may affect the total tunnel construction or that may get affected by underground tunneling is identified in order to propose the best possible metro construction system for the route. A high density of the buildings nearby the selected route is found to be located between Bijoy Sarani and Bangla motor intersection. Also some rare and large structures are located in the Pallabi area. Based on the nature of the methods discussed in this study none of the existing structures in the route create a big problem. Identification of challenges to be encountered on the route of the Metro construction is undertaken in this study. Availability of unmanaged and unarranged network of utility lines lying beneath the road surface in the selected route makes the management of the city utility networks in case of tunnel construction a bit difficult as cut and cover method of construction is concerned. Also present situation of the network of utility line which means dislocation and relocation for construction of metro is a great cost in this aspect. Another challenge to be faced in this route is application of future development programs in the Dhaka city. In two points of the route there are very large conflicts among the three projects meeting which they need synchronization today in order to construct all the projects in future for specified point. Application of any proposed project without synchronizing with other two makes the application of other project very difficult or even impossible. The third challenge identified is the presence of large buildings nearby which they will affect the earth retention systems design. In this study an analysis regarding the metro route, the stations and the proper construction method is presented. Proposed 15.21 km of the route, 12 stations and tunnel section as well as the section suitable for the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM ) proposed. The construction method details about the steps required in New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) is included in this study as well. v A cost analysis is undertaken in order to assess the total costs needed for any considered method of tunnel construction. This analysis is restricted to the cost of tunneling only. The detailed costs like construction of station utilities etc are not considered in this study. Also in this thesis NATM and Cut and Cover costs are compared. Based on findings and calculations, NATM method shows to be 25.12 % cheaper than Cut and Cover method by the total cost of Tk7, 507.2 million for NATM and Tk 9,392.99 million of Cut and Cover. Due to large capital cost for Tunnel Boring Method (TBM) as compare to NATM and Cut and Cover, this TBM method was not considered in this analysis. Selected route is subjected to large utility networks of WASA Titas Gas, Electricity and BTCL located all along the route with their specific behavior to the tunneling process. Some of these utility lines need to be relocated, displaced, and replaced during the construction. Also proposed projects by DCC, STP 2004 and Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) are to be constructed along the route, which synchronizations of the present at meeting points due to conflicts should be considered. As the conflicts, challenges and flexibility of the construction method is concerned, NATM shows more practicality as compare to Cut and Cover. The NATM has no conflict with Utility networks, and there is no limit in deep excavations to eliminate the effect of surrounding elements which the Cut and Cover shows a lot of difficulties in this aspect. This study revealed that despite all of the present challenges in the route, application of Metro tunnel construction is feasible for Dhaka city. Based on this study the best method of contraction is NATM in aspects of cost, technology, ease of application and independency of science. Also due to less amount of conflict between NATM and the surrounding elements and due to ease of synchronization by environment, application of NATM method for Dhaka city underground metro construction is suggested. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page Declaration iv Acknowledgement v Abstract vi Table of Contents viii List of Table xiii List of Figures xiv List of Abbreviation xviii 1. Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1. General 1 1.2. Reasons for Underground 2 1.3. Metro Rail Proposition for Dhaka City 3 1.4. Route Characteristics 4 1.5. Objective and Scope 6 1.6. Organization of The Thesis 7 2. Literature Review 2.1. General 8 2.2. Vehicle and Travel Characteristics 8 2.3. Various Modes and Modal Choices of Transportation 10 2.4. Various Transport Authorities 12 2.5. Transportation Problems in Dhaka 12 2.6. Features of Mass Rapid Transit 13 2.7. Different Types of Mass Rapid Transit 14 2.7.1. Light Rail Transit 14 2.7.2. Commuter Rail 16 2.7.3. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) 18 2.7.4. Heavy Rail System (Metro) 19 2.8. Comparison Among Various Mass Rapid Transit Options 22 2.8.1. Comparisons Among Key Features 22 2.8.1.1. Construction and Operating Costs 24 2.8.1.2. Capacity and Speed 26 2.8.1.3. Comparative Benefits : Rail Vs Bus Transit 28 2.9. Review of Tunnel Construction Methods 29 2.9.1. TBM 29 2.9.1.1. Method of Construction 30 2.9.1.2. Tunnel Boring Machine 31 2.9.1.3. Backup Terrain 33 2.9.1.4. Total Excavation Sequence 34 vii 2.9.2. Cut and Cover 35 2.9.2.1. Construction Method 35 2.9.3. NATM 38 2.9.3.1. Broad Principles of NATM 39 2.9.3.2. NATM Process of Construction 40 2.9.3.3. Classification of Rock Mass Type 40 2.9.3.4. Rock Quality Designation Index (RQD) 40 2.9.3.5. RMR Value 40 2.9.3.6. Q Factor 41 2.9.3.7.
Recommended publications
  • Annual Report 2017

    Annual Report 2017

    ANNUAL REPORT 2017 10th Anniversary of IPO BANK SAINT PETERSBURG AT A GLANCE 50 000 1 930 000 Corporate customers Individual customers incl. 48 000 Internet Bank users incl. 960 000 Internet Bank users Assets Kaliningrad RUB bn 1 branch and 5 offices 607 3% of loans th 3% of deposits St. Petersburg 16 in Russia 58 offices 74% of loans 90% of deposits Moscow Novosibirsk 1 branch and 1 office Representative office Retail 24% of loans deposits 7% of deposits RUB bn 206 15th in Russia RECORD RESULTS IN THE HISTORY OF THE BANK: Revenues Net income RUB bn RUB bn 33 7.5 7% 75% BANK SAINT PETERSBURG Annual Report 2017 2 CONTENTS 04 STRATEGIC REPORT 05 Letter from the Management 07 10 years of public story 14 Strategy 2018–2020 Assets 17 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 18 Financial Highlights 607 23 Balance Structure 16th in Russia 27 Economic Trends 31 BUSINESS DIVISIONS 32 Corporate Banking 40 Retail Banking 43 Private Banking 44 Digital Banking 48 FROM RISK TO OPPORTUNITY 49 Risk Management 54 Development of credit risk evaluation approach 55 New horizons 56 CREATING WEALTH RESPONSIBLY 57 Customers 59 Colleagues 61 Community 64 Corporate Governance BANK SAINT PETERSBURG Annual Report 2017 3 Стратегический Финансовые Направления От рисков Корпоративная взгляд результаты бизнеса к возможностям ответственность STRATEGIC REPORT In 2017, Bank Saint Petersburg celebrated the 10th anniversary of IPO which was one of the most important events for the Bank and had a significant effect on all its subsequent history. BANK SAINT PETERSBURG Annual Report 2017 4 Стратегический Финансовые Направления От рисков Корпоративная взгляд результаты бизнеса к возможностям ответственность Strategic Financial Business From Risk Creating Wealth Report Performance Divisions to Opportunity Responsibly LETTER FROM THE MANAGEMENT Dear customers, investors and partners, We are pleased to present the annual results of Bank Saint Petersburg and development trends.
  • Rolling Stock Orders: Who

    Rolling Stock Orders: Who

    THE INTERNATIONAL LIGHT RAIL MAGAZINE HEADLINES l Toronto’s streetcar advocates fight back l UK’s Midland Metro expansion approved l Democrats propose more US light rail ROLLING STOCK ORDERS: WHO... WHAT... HOW MUCH? Ukrainian tramways under the microscope US streetcar trends: Mixed fleets: How technology Lessons from is helping change over a century 75 America’s attitude of experience to urban rail in Budapest APRIL 2012 No. 892 1937–2012 WWW. LRTA . ORG l WWW. TRAMNEWS . NET £3.80 TAUT_April12_Cover.indd 1 28/2/12 09:20:59 TAUT_April12_UITPad.indd 1 28/2/12 12:38:16 Contents The official journal of the Light Rail Transit Association 128 News 132 APRIL 2012 Vol. 75 No. 892 Toronto light rail supporters fight back; Final approval for www.tramnews.net Midland Metro expansion; Obama’s budget detailed. EDITORIAL Editor: Simon Johnston 132 Rolling stock orders: Boom before bust? Tel: +44 (0)1832 281131 E-mail: [email protected] With packed order books for the big manufacturers over Eaglethorpe Barns, Warmington, Peterborough PE8 6TJ, UK. the next five years, smaller players are increasing their Associate Editor: Tony Streeter market share. Michael Taplin reports. E-mail: [email protected] 135 Ukraine’s road to Euro 2012 Worldwide Editor: Michael Taplin Flat 1, 10 Hope Road, Shanklin, Isle of Wight PO37 6EA, UK. Mike Russell reports on tramway developments and 135 E-mail: [email protected] operations in this former Soviet country. News Editor: John Symons 140 The new environment for streetcars 17 Whitmore Avenue, Werrington, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs ST9 0LW, UK.
  • Standard Tour of Saint Petersburg 3 Days / 2 Nights

    Standard Tour of Saint Petersburg 3 Days / 2 Nights

    Standard tour of Saint Petersburg 3 days / 2 nights KENT HOLIDAYS (S) PTE LTD | Tel: +65 6534 1033 | Email: [email protected] | www.kentholidays.com 1 Saint Petersburg is a cultural center of Russia and has a unique atmosphere. Founded on a swamp by Peter I, it became the most powerful and important center of the Russian Empire as Peter the Great moved the capital from Moscow to Saint Petersburg in 1712 and it was the capital of the Russian Empire for more than 200 years. The city was named after Saint Peter, the patron of Peter I. Cities visited: Saint Petersburg. Duration: 3 days / 2 nights. Day 1 - Arrival in Saint Petersburg, City Tour of Saint Petersburg • Arrival in Saint Petersburg. The guide will meet you at the airport. • City Tour of Saint Petersburg. A lot of Russian noble families intended to move to a new Northern capital, Saint Petersburg. A huge number of Palaces were built on the territory of Saint Petersburg in different architectural styles with impressive and rich interiors. During the city tour you will see the best places of our city. Peter and Paul Cathedral, the first and oldest landmark in Saint Petersburg, which houses the remains of Russian Emperors and Empresses, Church of our Saviour on the Spilled Blood which is richly decorated with mosaic (over 7,000 square meters), Saint Isaac Cathedral which is the fourth Cupola Cathedral in the world, Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens which marked the beginning of women’s education in the country, etc. • Transfer to hotel. • Check in at hotel.
  • Railway Transportation Systems

    Railway Transportation Systems

    Railway Transportation Systems Railways • Urban Railways • Monorails Building a Better World Railway for Future Transportation Generations Systems Railways • Urban Railways • Monorails Show Video Mission Services To Provide World-Class Management, Engineering, Procurement & Construction Services Through People & Organizational ■ Project Development Development to Improve the Quality of Life ■ Project Management ■ Engineering Values ■ Procurement ■ Respecting People, Their Values & Rights ■ Construction ■ Observing Professional Ethics and Adhering to all Obligations ■ Financing ■ Commitment to Health, Safety and Environment ■ Investment ■ Commitment to Providing Desired Quality ■ Operation and Maintenance ■ Cherishing Creativity, Initiative and Innovation Culture ■ Promoting Continual Technical & Managerial Improvements ■ Commitment to Win-Win-Win Relationship Divisions Civil Water and Wastewater Railway Transportation Systems Housing and Buildings Oil, Gas and Industry ■ Ports & Harbors ■ Dams ■ Railways ■ Mass Housing ■ Refineries & Petrochemical Plants ■ Airports ■ Water Transfer and Diversion Tunnels ■ Urban Railways ■ Residential Complexes ■ Pumping & Compressor Stations ■ Roads, Elevated Highways & Tunnels ■ Irrigation and Drainage Networks ■ Monorails ■ Townships ■ Power Generation Plants, Power ■ Bridges ■ Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants ■ Infrastructure Facilities & Landscaping Transmission & Substations ■ Water Transmission Lines ■ Commercial & Office Complexes ■ Industrial Manufacturing Plants ■ Sewerage Collection and
  • Company Brochure

    Company Brochure

    CIVIL PLANNING & DESIGN NIKKEN Group Overview The NIKKEN Group, experts in cutting-edge social environmental design, is a comprehensive group of enterprises that engages in research, planning and consulting covering design, supervision, urban planning and all aspect of their lifecycles. ● A group of 2,500 specialists Our specialists in wide-ranging fields boldly meet challenges in an array of architectural, urban and environmental fields. ● Design & technology and management The Group actively addresses issues in property management, project management and other fields based on its expertise honed in architectural design, structural, facility and other technologies. ● Global vision and activities With global companies as its clients, the Group has built a solid track record in more than 40 countries worldwide, including Asia, derived from project management and technological expertise at the international level. ● More than 100 years of tradition and 25,000 projects completed NIKKEN SEKKEI, the core group company founded in 1900, has gained the trust of clients through more than 25,000 projects successfully completed. ● Neutrality and transparency The NIKKEN Group ensures the independence of management and strictly upholds neutrality and transparency, which are essential for consulting services. Corporate philosophy and management policies NIKKEN GROUP POLICY Contributing to society through valuable work In turn, helping individuals to grow and thrive and companies to continue developing 1 Management Policies and company overview Constantly pursuing self-revitalization and individuality as a member of the NIKKEN Group, aiming for sustainable development through valuable work contributing to communities NIKKEN SEKKEI's civil engineering division traces its roots to 1919, when the Osaka Hokko Wharf Company was established to renovate Osaka North Port and develop the surrounding area in what is called a private finance initiative (PFI) today.
  • Russian Culture: Past and Present Summer 2017

    Russian Culture: Past and Present Summer 2017

    Russian Culture: Past and Present Summer 2017 Moscow & St. Petersburg, Russia Study Abroad Program Guide Office of Study Abroad Programs University at Buffalo 201 Talbert Hall Buffalo, New York 14260 Tel: 716 645-3912 Fax: 716 645 6197 [email protected] www.buffalo.edu/studyabroad DESTINATION: RUSSIA MOSCOW Moscow (Russian: Москва́ , tr. Moskva) is the capital and the largest city of Russia, with 12.2 million residents within the city limits and 16.8 million within the urban area. Moscow has the status of a federal city in Russia. Moscow is a major political, economic, cultural, and scientific center of Russia and Eastern Europe, as well as the largest city entirely on the European continent. By broader definitions Moscow is among the world's largest cities. Moscow has been ranked as the ninth most expensive city in the world by Mercer and has one of the world's largest urban economies. Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity and metropolis on Earth. It is home to the Ostankino Tower, the tallest free standing structure in Europe; the Federation Tower, the tallest skyscraper in Europe; and the Moscow International Business Center. Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia, making it the world's most populated inland city. The city is well known for its architecture, particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basil's Cathedral with its brightly colored domes. With over 40 percent of its territory covered by greenery, it is one of the greenest capitals and major cities in Europe and the world, having the largest forest in an urban area within its borders - more than any other major city - even before its expansion in 2012.
  • Subway & City Bus One-Day Ticket Subway & City

    Subway & City Bus One-Day Ticket Subway & City

    English Version Tourist Information FREE Locations and contact numbers （in English or Japanese) Subway & City Bus Nagoya City Kanayama Tourist Information Center One-Day Ticket Address: Kanayama Station North Entrance and Benefits (Loop Kanayama 1F) (See p. 43 for map.) Discounts TEL: 052-323-0161 Opening Hours: 9:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m. Guidebook (Jan. 2 and Jan. 3: until 5:00 p.m.) Closed: Dec. 29 - Jan. 1 Nagoya City Nagoya Station Tourist Information Center Address: JR Nagoya Station Central Concourse (See p. 10 for map.) TEL: 052-541- 4301 Nagoya Toku Navi Opening Hours: 8:30 a.m. -7:00 p.m. (Jan. 2 and Jan. 3: until 5:00 p.m.) Closed: Dec. 29 - Jan. 1 Jul. 21 Oasis 21 i Center - Oct. 20 Address: Oasis 21 B1F (See p. 27 for map.) TEL: 052-963-5252 Opening Hours: 10:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m. (Dec. 31: until 6:00 p.m.) Closed: Jan. 1 Oasis 21 i Center offers luggage storage area. ● At each location, information is also available (through telephone- interpretation services) in Chinese, Korean, Spanish, Portuguese, Thai, and Vietnamese. ● Nagoya Tourist City Maps are available in English, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese (Simplified and Traditional). For more information about sightseeing in Nagoya: https://www.nagoya-info.jp/en/ Transportation Bureau Website https://www.kotsu.city.nagoya.jp/en/pc/ 1. Purchase a One-Day Ticket Twitter (Operation Status) to get around in Nagoya. ■ Operation Status ■ Route Search 2. Receive discounts or benefits at 326 restaurants & Issued by the Transportation Bureau, City of Nagoya sightseeing facilities! TEL : 052-972-3928 FAX: 052-972-3817 (Japanese language only) Contents Guide to Nagoya Usage Guide Usage Guide ●Usage Guide, Guide to Nagoya P.
  • English Translation Notice Concerning Acquisition of Assets

    English Translation Notice Concerning Acquisition of Assets

    English Translation The following is an English translation of the original Japanese press release and is being provided for informational purposes only. November 8, 2013 To All Concerned Parties REIT Issuer: Japan Rental Housing Investments Inc. 6-16-12 Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0004 Toshiya Kuroda, Executive Director (Securities Code: 8986) Asset Manager: Mi-Casa Asset Management Inc. Yutaka Higashino, President and Chief Executive Officer Inquiries: Atsushi Chikamochi, Chief Financial Officer Tel: +81-3-5425-5600 Notice Concerning Acquisition of Assets Japan Rental Housing Investments Inc. (the “Investment Corporation”) hereby announces that it has decided at a meeting of its Board of Directors held earlier today to acquire the following assets (the “Acquisition”). Details are provided below. I. Basic Policy In order to distribute stable profits to investors over the long term, the Investment Corporation will aim for continued growth of the asset size and increase of the portfolio’s quality by (1) acquiring new properties in the Tokyo metropolitan area centering on the 23 wards of Tokyo (over JPY1bn per property as general) as well as new regional top-class properties outside the Tokyo metropolitan area (over JPY1bn per property as general), and (2) selling primarily small (especially properties below JPY500mn) and relatively older properties outside the Tokyo metropolitan area as well as former premium type properties (a former rental housing category of the Investment Corporation whose main users are households with relatively
  • Aichi Prefecture

    Aichi Prefecture

    Coordinates: 35°10′48.68″N 136°54′48.63″E Aichi Prefecture 愛 知 県 Aichi Prefecture ( Aichi-ken) is a prefecture of Aichi Prefecture Japan located in the Chūbu region.[1] The region of Aichi is 愛知県 also known as the Tōkai region. The capital is Nagoya. It is the focus of the Chūkyō metropolitan area.[2] Prefecture Japanese transcription(s) • Japanese 愛知県 Contents • Rōmaji Aichi-ken History Etymology Geography Cities Towns and villages Flag Symbol Mergers Economy International relations Sister Autonomous Administrative division Demographics Population by age (2001) Transport Rail People movers and tramways Road Airports Ports Education Universities Senior high schools Coordinates: 35°10′48.68″N Sports 136°54′48.63″E Baseball Soccer Country Japan Basketball Region Chūbu (Tōkai) Volleyball Island Honshu Rugby Futsal Capital Nagoya Football Government Tourism • Governor Hideaki Ōmura (since Festival and events February 2011) Notes Area References • Total 5,153.81 km2 External links (1,989.90 sq mi) Area rank 28th Population (May 1, 2016) History • Total 7,498,485 • Rank 4th • Density 1,454.94/km2 Originally, the region was divided into the two provinces of (3,768.3/sq mi) Owari and Mikawa.[3] After the Meiji Restoration, Owari and ISO 3166 JP-23 Mikawa were united into a single entity. In 187 1, after the code abolition of the han system, Owari, with the exception of Districts 7 the Chita Peninsula, was established as Nagoya Prefecture, Municipalities 54 while Mikawa combined with the Chita Peninsula and Flower Kakitsubata formed Nukata Prefecture. Nagoya Prefecture was renamed (Iris laevigata) to Aichi Prefecture in April 187 2, and was united with Tree Hananoki Nukata Prefecture on November 27 of the same year.
  • Rapid Transit in Toronto Levyrapidtransit.Ca TABLE of CONTENTS

    Rapid Transit in Toronto Levyrapidtransit.Ca TABLE of CONTENTS

    The Neptis Foundation has collaborated with Edward J. Levy to publish this history of rapid transit proposals for the City of Toronto. Given Neptis’s focus on regional issues, we have supported Levy’s work because it demon- strates clearly that regional rapid transit cannot function eff ectively without a well-designed network at the core of the region. Toronto does not yet have such a network, as you will discover through the maps and historical photographs in this interactive web-book. We hope the material will contribute to ongoing debates on the need to create such a network. This web-book would not been produced without the vital eff orts of Philippa Campsie and Brent Gilliard, who have worked with Mr. Levy over two years to organize, edit, and present the volumes of text and illustrations. 1 Rapid Transit in Toronto levyrapidtransit.ca TABLE OF CONTENTS 6 INTRODUCTION 7 About this Book 9 Edward J. Levy 11 A Note from the Neptis Foundation 13 Author’s Note 16 Author’s Guiding Principle: The Need for a Network 18 Executive Summary 24 PART ONE: EARLY PLANNING FOR RAPID TRANSIT 1909 – 1945 CHAPTER 1: THE BEGINNING OF RAPID TRANSIT PLANNING IN TORONTO 25 1.0 Summary 26 1.1 The Story Begins 29 1.2 The First Subway Proposal 32 1.3 The Jacobs & Davies Report: Prescient but Premature 34 1.4 Putting the Proposal in Context CHAPTER 2: “The Rapid Transit System of the Future” and a Look Ahead, 1911 – 1913 36 2.0 Summary 37 2.1 The Evolving Vision, 1911 40 2.2 The Arnold Report: The Subway Alternative, 1912 44 2.3 Crossing the Valley CHAPTER 3: R.C.
  • Hitler's Doubles

    Hitler's Doubles

    Hitler’s Doubles By Peter Fotis Kapnistos Fully-Illustrated Hitler’s Doubles Hitler’s Doubles: Fully-Illustrated By Peter Fotis Kapnistos [email protected] FOT K KAPNISTOS, ICARIAN SEA, GR, 83300 Copyright © April, 2015 – Cold War II Revision (Trump–Putin Summit) © August, 2018 Athens, Greece ISBN: 1496071468 ISBN-13: 978-1496071460 ii Hitler’s Doubles Hitler’s Doubles By Peter Fotis Kapnistos © 2015 - 2018 This is dedicated to the remote exploration initiatives of the Stargate Project from the 1970s up until now, and to my family and friends who endured hard times to help make this book available. All images and items are copyright by their respective copyright owners and are displayed only for historical, analytical, scholarship, or review purposes. Any use by this report is done so in good faith and with respect to the “Fair Use” doctrine of U.S. Copyright law. The research, opinions, and views expressed herein are the personal viewpoints of the original writers. Portions and brief quotes of this book may be reproduced in connection with reviews and for personal, educational and public non-commercial use, but you must attribute the work to the source. You are not allowed to put self-printed copies of this document up for sale. Copyright © 2015 - 2018 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii Hitler’s Doubles The Cold War II Revision : Trump–Putin Summit [2018] is a reworked and updated account of the original 2015 “Hitler’s Doubles” with an improved Index. Ascertaining that Hitler made use of political decoys, the chronological order of this book shows how a Shadow Government of crisis actors and fake outcomes operated through the years following Hitler’s death –– until our time, together with pop culture memes such as “Wunderwaffe” climate change weapons, Brexit Britain, and Trump’s America.
  • (Presentation): Urban Railways Management and Operation: Case

    (Presentation): Urban Railways Management and Operation: Case

    UNCRD Regional EST Training Course on Railway Tehran Metro Network Mahmoud Saffarzadeh Professor of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Advisor of Ministry of Roads and Transportation, Tehran, Iran Iranian cities with metro Area (km2) 1,648,195 Population (Millions) 80 Number of Most Populated Cities 9 (over 1 million) Length City Lines (km) Tehran 559 12 Mashhad 119 5 Esfahan 112 4 Karaj 105 6 Ahvaz 88 4 Shiraz 73 5 Tabriz 63 4 Qom 52 3 Kermanshah 13 1 Total 1184 44 Status of urban & suburban rail lines in Iran (excluding Tehran) Current Urban Suburban Under Under Total Projects Train Train Study Construction Karaj 5 Lines: 80 km 1 Line: 25 km 6 Lines: 105 km 4 Lines: 53 km 2 Lines: 52 km Mashhad 5 Lines: 126 km 2 Lines: 106 km 7 Lines: 232 km 4 Lines: 148 km 2 Lines: 65 km Tabriz 4 Lines: 64 km 1 Line: 20 km 5 Lines: 84 km 3 Lines: 44 km 2 Lines: 40 km Esfahan 3 Lines: 52 km 5 Lines: 145 km 8 Lines: 197 km 4 Lines: 105 km 4 Lines: 92 km Shiraz 6 Lines: 93 km 1 Line: 20 km 7 Lines: 113 km 5 Lines: 73 km 2 Lines: 40 km Ahwaz 4 Lines: 88 km 2 Lines: 50 km 6 Lines: 138 km 5 Lines: 115 km 1 Line: 23 km Qom 2 Lines: 33 km - 2 Lines: 33 km - 2 Lines: 33 km Kermanshah 1 Line: 13 km - 1 Line: 13 km - 1 Line: 13 km Total 30 Lines: 549 km 12 Lines: 366 km 42 Lines: 915 km 25 Lines: 538 km 16 Lines: 358 km Saffarzadeh Tehran at a glance Capital of Iran Population: 8,300,000 Surrounded by satellite cities and towns (total population 15.0 Million) Area: 800 Km2 Population density: 10750/km2 Residents trip: 17.0 M/day No.