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Kinematics Analysis of the Front Kick with and Without Impact on Traditional Karate
ORIGINAL ARTICLE SCIENCE OF MARTIAL ARTS Kinematics analysis of the front kick with and without impact on traditional karate ABCDE ABCD ACD Authors’ Contribution: Bruno Sergio Portela , Michelle Regina Barbosa , Timothy Gustavo Cavazzotto , A Study Design Marcus Peikriswili TartarugaACD B Data Collection C Statistical Analysis 1 Department of Physical Education, University of Middle-West, Unicentro, PR, Brazil D Manuscript Preparation E Funds Collection Financial support: Departmental sources Received: 06 September 2013; Accepted: 14 June 2014; Published online: 24 July 2014 ICID: 1122904 Abstract Background & Study Aim: The traditional karate is a martial art that includes an application of many forms of kick in situations to combat sports, this way, involving different training methods to improve the technique of kicking. The objective of this study is the kinematics variables of the front kick of karate practitioners of traditional style in conditions with impact in a target and without impact. Material & Methods: Collected the anthropometrical data from 8 graduate male karateists athletes with brown and black belt (30.1 ± 10.2 years, body weight of 85.3 ± 16.2 kg and height of 178.9 ± 4.9 cm, time of medium training 13.7 ± 4.7 years). The assessment of kinematic of the kick was made by means of computed kinemetry, acquiring 3 sequences of front kick in conditions with and without impact with both sides of the individuals, being analysed in the Skillspector 1.3.2 software. The statistical analysis was performed in the SPSS software. Results: In relation to the kinematics variables analysed the velocity of 5th metatarsus in the condition with impact and using the dominant member was significantly larger than the other conditions, as well as at the speed of the lateral malle- olus in the condition with impact and utilizing the dominant member. -
Moo Duk Kwan
Tae Kwon Do Moo Duk Kwan A Review What is Tae Kwon Do? • Taekwondo is a Korean martial art and the national sport of South Korea. In Korean, tae means "to strike or break with foot"; means "to strike or break with fist"; and means "way", "method", or "path". Thus, taekwondo may be loosely translated as "the way of the hand and the foot.” Source: Wikipedia So, what is Tae Kwon Do? • "Traditional taekwondo" typically refers to the martial art as it was established in the 1950s and 1960s in the South Korean military, and in various civilian organizations, including schools and universities. In particular, the names and symbolism of the traditional patterns often refer to elements of Korean history, culture and religious philosophy. Today, the Kukkiwon, or World Taekwondo Headquarters is the traditional center for Taekwondo in Korea. Source: Wikipedia What are Original Tae Kwon Do Schools? • The Five Original Kwans (Schools) – Song Moo Kwan - founded March 11, 1944 by Ro, Byung Jick. – Chung Do Kwan - founded in 1944 by Lee, Won Kyuk. – Moo Duk Kwan - founded after 1946 by Hwang Kee. – Kwon Bop Bu/Chang Moo Kwan - founded in 1946 by Yoon, Byung-In. – Yun Moo Kwan/Jidokwan - founded March 3, 1946 by Chun, Sang Sup. • Later Kwans (derived from the original five) – Han Moo Kwan - founded in August 1954 by Lee Kyo Yoon. – Oh Do Kwan - founded in 1955 by Choi Hong Hi, Nam Tae Hi, and Han Cha Kyo. – Kang Duk Won - founded in 1956 by Park Chul Hee and Hong Jong Pyo – Jung Do Kwan - founded in 1956 by Lee Yong Woo. -
The Necessity to Know History. in 1945, Moo Duk Kwan Was Found in Order to Spread, Prosper and Create Understanding of Soo Bahk
The necessity to know history. In 1945, Moo Duk Kwan was found in order to spread, prosper and create understanding of Soo Bahk Do (now called Tang Soo Do), which is the special martial art of Korea, and has a long history and tradition. The foundation of Moo Duk Kwan has remained unshakable by the cooperation and efforts of all members and persons who are interested. The fame of Moo Duk Kwan has grown not only in Korea, but all over the world. Now, although technique is very important, theory has to be taught for the purpose of the increase of Tang Soo Do and the martial arts. First of all, therefore, all members must perfectly understand the foundation theory of rational history about the art. From time to time some members who have excellent skills deviate from the right path because they do not know and understand it's true history and the foundation. So it is very important to study history and the foundation theory. The theory of it's origin. The exact origin of Tang Soo Do, as well as karate in general, is obscure. However, there are many equally beautiful theories. An argument continues to rage about the origin of both weapon using and weaponless fighting techniques. Some Japanese karate experts insist that the art is of Japanese origin; some say it came from Okinawa; others say it began in China and spread from there. Although there are various theories and views explaining it's history in Korea, we will consider the Moo Duk Kwan's assertion as described in Moo Duk Kwan's major text book Soo Bahk Do Dae Kam, written by Grand Master Hwang Kee, president. -
THE HISTORY of TAEKWONDO by Glen R
THE HISTORY OF TAEKWONDO By Glen R. Morris A Report for Recommendation Black Belt Testing 1994 Before I get into the history of Taekwondo, I would like to define what it means. I read the definition from many books and the one that I like best comes from the book Comprehensive Asian Fighting Arts (1) written by Donn F. Draeger and Robert W. Smith. "Taekwondo is an empty-hand combat form that entails the use of the whole body. Tae means "to Kick" or "Smash with the feet," Kwon implies "punching" or "destroying with the hand or fist," and Do means "way" or "method." Taekwondo thus, is the technique of unarmed combat for self defense that involves the skillful application of techniques that include punching, jumping kicks, blocks, dodges, parrying actions with hands and feet. It is more than a mere physical fighting skill, representing as it does a way of thinking and a pattern of life requiring strict discipline. It is a system of training both the mind and the body in which great emphasis is placed on the development of the trainee's moral character." Taekwondo is a martial art that in "todays" form of self defense has evolved by combining many different styles of martial arts that existed in Korea over the last 2,000 years and some martial arts styles from countries that surround Korea. Taekwondo incorporates the abrupt linear movements of Karate and the flowing, circular patterns of Kung-fu with native kicking techniques. Over fifty typically Chinese circular hand movements can be identified in modern Taekwondo.(1) A few of the earlier martial arts styles that contributed to Taekwondo are: T'ang-su, Taek Kyon, also known as Subak, Tae Kwon, Kwonpup and Tae Kwonpup. -
Terminological Recommendations for Improving the Visibility of Scientific Literature on Martial Arts and Combat Sports
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Terminological recommendations for improving the visibility of scientific literature on martial arts and combat sports Authors’ Contribution: Mikel Pérez-Gutiérrez1ABCDE, Carlos Gutiérrez-García1ABCDE, Raquel Escobar-Molina2CDE A Study Design B Data Collection 1 Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad de León, León, Spain C Statistical Analysis 2 D Manuscript Preparation Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain E Funds Collection Source of support: Departmental sources Received: 9 June 2011; Accepted: 11 July 2011; Published online: 5 August 2011 Abstract Background Martial Arts and Combat Sports (MA&CS) terminology is diverse and heterogeneous, limiting the research visi- and Study Aim: bility and information retrieval. This study points out the different terms related to MA&CS names included in the scientific literature. From this basis, a set of recommendations are offered for improving publication visibility. Material/Methods: Web of Science (WOS) databases SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI for the period 2000-2009 were used for gen- erating the data. A list of 278 searching terms was compiled, each of them enter individually in WOS databases. Results were collected in reference management software and filtered manually. Statistical analysis was focused on precision, noise factor, recall and snobbery ratio indexes. Results: As far as 53.2% searching terms showed no result, 14.0% obtained some result but not related to MA&CS, and 32.7% showed results related to MA&CS. Specific terminology is quite standardized, although there are some MA&CS showing different names. Generally, a preferred and most common term is used by authors. -
Asian Traditions of Wellness
BACKGROUND PAPER Asian Traditions of Wellness Gerard Bodeker DISCLAIMER This background paper was prepared for the report Asian Development Outlook 2020 Update: Wellness in Worrying Times. It is made available here to communicate the results of the underlying research work with the least possible delay. The manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally-edited texts. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. The ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this document and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or use of the term “country” in this document, is not intended to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this document do not imply any judgment on the part of the ADB concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. ASIAN TRADITIONS OF WELLNESS Gerard Bodeker, PhD Contents I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. -
Tent and Student Progression Within the School Syllabus. Ln This Months Column Grandmaster Loke Sets out His Reasoning for the S
interview with firtll$ a$[Er .l{" [nkG Tang Soo Do practitioners appreciate that hyungs represent the tradition, technical con- tent and student progression within the school syllabus. ln this months column GrandMaster Loke sets out his reasoning for the selection of hyungs he teaches as well as those he left out. Gh/ Loke was Secretary General and Technical Director of the UKTSDF for very many years. This interview therefore provided the perfect opportunity to discuss many historical and technical matters. nique can afford to siagnate if it hopes to survive as a valid and effective form of self defence" GM LOKE: Sip Sam Seh or 13 influences refers to an ancient Chinese Daoist religious geomancy called Wu Hing 5 elements and Pa Gua 8 cardinal points, widely adopted by Korea and Japan when they absorbed Chinese culture...the Koreans even displayed these 13 influences on their national flag. This concept is still widely used in Oriental culture and daily li{e i.e. fortune telling, Fung Hsui, naming of new born child, etc. I do not think it is relevant in martial art forms or techniques, one would only be shrouding the art in some form of ori- ental myslique, rather than addressing the fundamental points or progression that is needed to enhance the knowledge and practicality a senior student or instructor requires. Readers should take a closer look at all their forms including the recent Chil Sung and ask "what tech- nical value they can glean fronr each form ?" In my opinion, the Karate derived Moo Duk Kwan forms and the Chil Sung forms (which show much similarity to Chinese long hands Chang Chuan) have the same basic technical value i.e. -
Changes in Foot Pressure on the Ground During Mae-Geri Kekomi
PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF STUDENTS Changes in foot pressure on the ground during mae-geri kekomi (front kick) in karate athlete - case study Cynarski Wojciech J.1ABCDE, Wąsik Jacek*2ABCDE, Szymczyk Daniel 3BDE, Vences de Brito Antonio4,5DE 1Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland 2Institute of Physical Education, Tourism and Physiotherapy, Jan Długosz University in Czestochowa, Poland 3Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland 4Sports Sciences School of Rio Maior – Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Portugal 5Investigation Center in Life Quality (CIEQV), Portugal Authors’ Contribution: A – Study design; B – Data collection; C – Statistical analysis; D – Manuscript Preparation; E – Funds Collection. Abstract Purpose: Biomechanical analysis of martial art techniques are objective and quantitative method, which may be useful in training practice for the purpose of improving these techniques as well as monitoring and enhancing athletes performance. The aim of this study was to assess selected kinetic parameters and lower limb loading during karate front kick, using force platforms, for both kicking and support leg. Material: Karate athlete, second dan, black belt holder in Idokan style, participated in this case study. The subject performed front kick in the air (without a physical target), both for his right and left leg, while standing on the force platforms. For the purpose of kinetic data recording two force platforms were used in this study (Kistler force plate, type 9286AA, Kistler, Switzerland). Selected kinetic parameters for kicking and support leg as well as front kick execution time were analysed. Results: Results of our case study revealed higher values of the kinetic parameters for the right leg, comparing to the left leg. -
Kwan's Name: “Bluewaves” Meaning a Youngster's Spirit and Vitality
The Development of the “Kwan’s” Kwan: in Korean literally means building or hall, but when used in martial arts it can also refer to a school or clan of martial artists who follow the same style and/or leader. At the time, there were 9 major Kwans throughout Korea and once someone joined a particular Kwan, it was very difficult to transfer to another Kwan. When someone wanted to transfer to another Kwan, his original Kwan Jang had to authorize and approve the transfer, but in reality, the Kwan Jang usually threatened the member using authoritative means in an effort to persuade the potential transferee to not leave. This was a critical issue in those days. Chung Do Kwan Established by Won Kuk Lee, seated in the middle and next led by Duk Sung Son, the back row, second from the right. After the independence of Korea, the Chung Do Kwan, one of the five key Dojangs, was founded first. It symbolized Chung Do Kwan's name: “Bluewaves” meaning a youngster's spirit and vitality. Chung Do Kwan's founder, LEE Won Kuk, moved to Japan when he was 19 years old in 1926. While in Japan, he first attended middle and high school, and then entered the Law School of Chuo University. Then he entered Japan's Karate headquarters, the Song Do Kwan (Shotokan). He received Karate instruction from Karate's father, Gichin Funakoshi. There, he learned Karate with Song Moo Kwan's founder, RO Byung Jick. Later, he moved back to Korea and taught Tang Soo Do in the Yong Shin school hall in Suh Dae Moon Gu's Ochun Dong, Seoul because he had a good relationship with Japan's Cho-sun Governor General Abe in 1944. -
WHITE Belt Curriculum (Focus Team)
MPK BELT CURRICULUM LAST REVISION: MAY 2016 LAST REVISION: MAY WHITE Belt Curriculum (Focus Team) m 1. TRADITIONAL MOVEMENT m 2. SELF DEFENSE • Attention Stance Level 1: Escape • Chumbi Stance • Straight Arm Wrist Grab • Fighting Stance (hands up) • Cross Arm Wrist Grab • Horse Stance, Middle Punch • Verbal Command • Forward Stance - Down Block - Middle Block - Upper Block - Reverse Punch • Back Stance - Middle Knife Hand - Middle Knife Moving Forward - Middle Knife Retreating M Traditional Movement testing M Self Defense testing m 3. HAND TECHNIQUES m 4. KICKING TECHNIQUES • Back Fist • Front Kick • Reverse Punch - Front Leg - Rear Leg • Round Kick - Front Leg - Rear Leg • Side Kick - Front Leg - Rear Leg • Crescent Kick - Rear Leg M Hand Testing M Kick testing © 2016 Midwest Professional Karate. All rights reserved. This material may not be duplicated, republished, rewritten, or redistributed (including electronically caching) without prior written consent of MPK. MIDWEST PROFESSIONAL KARATE | 623 South Main St, DeForest, WI 53532 | karatedeforest.com | 608-846-5111 MPK BELT CURRICULUM LAST REVISION: MAY 2016 LAST REVISION: MAY GOLD Belt Curriculum (Focus Team) m 1. TRADITIONAL MOVEMENT m 2. SELF DEFENSE • Back Stance Level 1: Escape - Outside-In Middle Block, • Collar Grabs Closed Fist • Front Shoulder Grab Forms • Pal-Gwe #1 M Traditional Movement testing M Self Defense testing m 3. HAND TECHNIQUES m 4. KICKING TECHNIQUES • Back Fist • Front - Stationary • Round - Lunging • Side - Retreating • Crescent • Reverse Punch • New Techniques - Stationary - Double Round, Front/Back - Lunging - Skipping Side Kick - Stepping - Skipping Front Kick • Ridge Hand - Turning Back Kick - Front Hand - Rear Hand • Palm Strike - Front Hand - Rear Hand M Hand Testing M Kick testing m 5. -
A History of Taekwondoаа the Three Kingdoms of Korea
A History of TaeKwonDo by Isaac Myers (2016) Throughout the years, TaeKwonDo has evolved in many different ways. TaeKwonDo means “way of the fist and foot” or “the art of punching and kicking”. Its roots date back to over 2,300 years ago evolving into the two main TaeKwonDo organizations currently active. They are the International TaeKwonDo Federation (ITF) and the World TaeKwonDo Federation (WTF). The Three Kingdoms of Korea (300 B.C. 676 A.D.) Around 300 B.C., the peninsula that we now know as Korea was three separate kingdoms. The first and the smallest of the three was Silla (57 B.C. 936 A.D.). The second and by far the largest in both population and landmass was Koguryo (37 B.C. 668 A.D.). The final kingdom was Paekje (18 B.C. 600 A.D.). There was a great war for territory raging between the three kingdoms. This war lasted until Silla conquered Koguryo and Paekje and unified the three kingdoms in 676 A.D. The HwaRang th The 24 king of Silla, Chin Heung, ordered a group of young men to be trained in the ways of the bow and arrow, sword, spear, and SooBak. SooBak was a primitive form of foot fighting, using some hand techniques. The king called these individuals the HwaRang, meaning “Flowering Knight.” He also ordered a Buddhist monk and scholar, Won Kang, to train the HwaRang in the Buddhist religion and the art of Korean culture. Won Kang developed a code of conduct for the HwaRang. The code of conduct included five basic rules. -
Kim Chi, K-Pop, and Taekwondo: the Nationalization of South Korean Martial Arts
© Idōkan Poland Association “IDO MOVEMENT FOR CULTURE. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology”, Vol. 18, no. 2 (2018), pp. 1–14 DOI: 10.14589/ido.18.2.1 HISTORY & ANTHROPOLOGY John Forrest1(AE), Badger Forrest-Blincoe2(ABDEF) 1 Professor Emeritus of Anthropology, Purchase College, State University of New York (USA), 2 Yonsei University, Seoul (South Korea) Contact: No 213J Street 19z, Chey Chomneas, Daun Penh Phnom Penh 12206, Cambodia, (+855) 8987 3956, e-mail: [email protected] Kim Chi, K-Pop, and Taekwondo: The Nationalization of South Korean Martial Arts Submission: 11.12.2017; acceptance: 7.01.2018 Key words: Korea, taekwondo, tang soo do, taekkyon, nationalism Abstract Background. Forrest-Blincoe is a 4th dan black belt master in Tang Soo Do which he has studied in the United States and Korea. He has also studied Taekkyon in South Korea.1 During this time, he has been interested in the official histories of these martial arts in contrast with documented histories (which often differ significantly). Both Forrest and Forrest-Blincoe are trained anthropologists. Forrest specializes in symbols and national identity, and has published extensively on the anthropology of movement and dance. Problem and Aim. The martial arts Taekwondo, Tang Soo Do, and Taekkyon have competed within Korea for some time to rep- resent Korean culture, and Korea has used martial arts as an export as one component in its drive to gain legitimacy as a world power competitive with its more powerful neighbors of China and Japan. This paper examines the process of using martial arts as symbols of Korean national identity.