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The Introduced Flora of Australia and Its Weed Status by R.P

The Introduced Flora of Australia and Its Weed Status by R.P

CRC for Australian Weed Management

The introduced flora of and its weed status By R.P. Randall | CRC for Australian Weed Management Department of Agriculture and Food, Acknowledgments

A great deal of time and effort has gone into this publication. Nevertheless, as there is no definitive listing of Australian native there may be some native listed in this book as introduced exotics. It is also very likely that many more exotic plants are present in Australia then have been listed here.

I take full responsibilty for any errors or omissions and would appreciate it if users of this book would please contact me with any corrections or additions via my email address: [email protected]

I would like to thank the Weeds CRC for supporting this project, especially the project members, and in particular my friend Dane Panetta for his ongoing support.

Furthermore many, many thanks to all those people who helped with this project including the provision of personal data, unpublished papers and various comments, aid and assistance of many forms during the last six years. They are, in no particular , and certainly not restricted to: Barbara Waterhouse * Rachel McFadyen Andrew Mitchell * Dane Panetta John Hosking *

The introduced and its weed status The introduced Sandy Lloyd Paul Pheloung * Greg Keighery Peter Williams * David Cooke Kate Blood Cindy Hanson Louise Hucks John Virtue Rick Roush Michael Mulvaney Patrizia Gremigni * Weed CRC Project team members

CRC for Australian Weed Management September 2007

Copyright © CRC for Australian Weed Management 2007

This information is copyright. Except as permitted under the Australian Copyright Act 1968 (Commonwealth) and subsequent amendments, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owner.

Enquiries and additional copies: CRC for Australian Weed Management, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064 Australia Telephone: (61) (08) 8303 6590 Fax: (61) (08) 8303 7311 Email: [email protected] www.weeds.crc.org.au

ISBN: 978-1-920932-60-2

Front cover photos: Taken from a selection of images that appear throughout this publication as credited within.

Disclaimer: This publication is provided for the purpose of disseminating information relating to scientific and technical matters. Participating organisations of the Weeds CRC do not accept liability for any loss and / or damage, including financial loss, resulting from the reliance upon any information, advice or recommendations contained in this publication. The contents of this publication should not necessarily be taken to represent the views of the participating organisations.

ii CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Table of contents The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status

Foreword 1

Introduction 3

Background 5 The numbers of plants in cultivation in Australia 5 Horticultural names – Australian natives 5 Some plants become problems 6

How to use this book 7 The codes 7

A brief explanation of botanical nomenclature 9

A quick guide to understanding this publication 11

A–Z list of the introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 12 A 13 B 65 C 87 D 149 E 173 F 203 G 213 H 231 I 255 J 263 K 267 L 271 M 295 N 321 O 333 P 347 Q 399 R 403 S 425 T 467 U 489 V 493 W 503 X 507 Y 509 Z 511

Bibliography and notes 515

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status iii The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status The introduced

iv CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Foreword Foreword

Invasive plants are species that have entered Australia from elsewhere, and which are now causing economic, social or environmental harm. In the 200 years since the arrival of Europeans, over 28,000 foreign plants have been brought to Australia, most deliberately imported for pasture, or as ornamentals. Their impact is enormous – invasive plants are the main threat to 45% of threatened and endangered species and ecosystems in (Coutts-Smith and Downey 2006), and the cost to Australian agriculture is at least $3.5bn per year in lost production and control costs (Sinden et al. 2004).

It has taken us a long time to recognise the havoc caused to our environment by weeds, and many still fail to appreciate the scale of the problem. Too many people see the green or the pretty and fail to understand the lost native diversity which these invaders have replaced. However, progress is being made, and all new imports are now subject to a Weed Risk Assessment, and can only be imported if the risk is low. Now the next step is to manage the enormous number of plants already present in Australia, in gardens and private collections, some already widespread, some naturalising in small areas and others just waiting for favourable conditions before they too become major weeds.

The first step in this process is to assemble accurate information on the plant species already here, and this database of the introduced plants of Australia does just that. Every introduced plant species present and being grown in Australia is listed, whether or not it is naturalised (ie growing in the wild), and with information on its weedy status here and worldwide.

This book is a development from Rod’s database of all weedy flora of the published in 2002 as A Global Compendium of Weeds. Together these two publications represent the results of years of meticulous work. The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status is an invaluable resource to everyone who cares about the Australian environment and wishes to ensure that the plants chosen for revegetation projects, landscaping and gardens are not likely to become weedy and a threat to our bushland.

Rachel McFadyen CEO CRC for Australian Weed Management

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 1 The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status The introduced

2 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Introduction Introduction

Humans are by far the most effective and efficient vector of plants around the world, and the nursery industry is a key, though not the only, commercial arm of this enthusiastic vector base. In the last 200 years a very large number of species have been introduced to Australia, including many that have not naturalised here as yet but that could potentially do so if introduced to the correct region(s) in sufficient numbers. This could easily happen if they became more popular in trade and were more widely sold and distributed, increasing propagule pressure to the point where site and circumstance meet and they become naturalised.

As a way to manage this problem, staff at an initial meeting early in the second round of the Cooperative Research Centre for Australian Weed Management proposed the development of a database of exotic plant species in Australia. A team of people interested in the idea was assembled and the project began in March 2001.

The Exotic species database project was originally initiated to assist in the completion of Weed Risk Assessments (WRA), the very first phase of which is to determine if the plant being assessed is already in Australia. Any plant species already present in Australia, whether naturalised here, commonly available in trade or possibly only found in the occasional plant collection, will automatically be added to the Permitted List, as long as the plant is not also a proscribed weed in any state with legal requirements to eradicate or manage.

This publication is one outcome of the project, and is aimed at a large range of users from Commonwealth, state and local government officers, to researchers, horticulturists, nursery owners, farmers, landscapers, consultants and groups of volunteers looking after remnant bushland. Everyone who uses plants needs to be aware of the weed potential of those plants and to be able to make informed decisions about which ones to use in their operations.

I hope to see a time, and not that far away, where the use of weedy plant species will no longer be accepted in public and private plantings in Australia. This publication is offered to help people to make responsible decisions in the types of plants they use in the future.

Rod Randall Weed Science Cooperative Research Centre for Australian Weed Management Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia July 2007

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 3 The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status The introduced

4 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Background Background

The introduction of a plant to a new region means different things to different people. With plants in particular, any definitions of introduction, incursion and invasion are full of grey areas. Different authors have offered their own definitions of the suite of terms used in invasion biology and although researchers familiar with this area are mostly in agreement the same cannot be said for others, especially those involved in plant introductions.

The word ‘introduced’ as used in the title itself needs explanation. In this context, the most commonly accepted definition of introduction is: As a result of dispersal, propagules ... arrive at a site beyond their previous geographical range and establish populations of adult plants (Richardson et al. 2000).

This definition implies that plants need to establish self-reproducing populations to be called introduced, but that is in fact the next step beyond introduction called colonisation, where the introduced plants first develop self-sustaining populations. Naturalisation is the next step where these populations start to spread beyond the point of colonisation.

For the purposes of this project, plants that have been ‘introduced’ do not necessarily still need to be present in Australia. They may have been introduced years ago, been grown in gardens or fields for some time, gone out of favour and disappeared from cultivation. Or they may indeed still be present in the country in cultivation somewhere but be rare or hard to find.

Many difficulties arise from the organised wholesale introduction into Australia of crop and pasture species over the last 50 to 200 years. The most successful of these were introduced very early on in the development of the Australian colonies but efforts continued over many years with thousands of accessions trialled over different areas of the country from Darwin to Hobart and to .

Many of these accessions were of the same species and many were collected and referred to under old or invalid names, meaning the exact number of species introduced for trial is difficult to determine. Furthermore many accessions were not even formally identified to species level, making any attempt to produce a final list of introductions via this pathway virtually impossible.

The numbers of plants in cultivation in Australia

There are 29,430 species listed in this publication and they encompass three basic categories of taxa: 1. 26,242 introduced species under their current names, of which 25,448 of these (or 96.9%) are in cultivation. Any synonyms mentioned in this text are also listed after these names. 2. 2,582 entries of names that are synonyms of species in category one. These names are included because they are being used in media publications, catalogues and journals around Australia. The currently accepted name, as used in this text, is indicated with an equals sign ( = ) after these names. 3. 606 Australian native species that have naturalised outside their native ranges within Australia.

Horticultural names – Australian natives

There are a large number of horticultural or ‘hort.’ names, eg Abutilon variegata hort., that are not used in this publication. These names are not legitimate species names but are given to selections, variants or by the nursery industry. They have never been validly published and are often synonymous with a legitimately published species name. Horticultural names are only listed if the correct species name, or parents’ names, could be identified. There are 259 horticultural names whose origins could not be identified and hence are not included in this publication.

Australian native species in cultivation comprise 11,119 species. As they are native, not introduced, their names are not included in this publication but their collation was essential as part of the overall project. This highlights that there is a total of 36,630 separate species in cultivation in Australia, an amazing number of plants available to horticulturists, landscape designers and plant lovers in general.

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 5 Some plants become problems

Only a small percentage of the many thousands of plant species introduced into Australia have successfully naturalised here. Of the 26,242 introduced plant species in Australia 2,739 have naturalised, leaving 23,503 species grown and Background cultivated now or earlier. Can these therefore be considered as valuable assets in our horticultural industries?

Unfortunately, not all of these 23,503 plant species are without risk as many are well known weeds in other countries. There are 5,907 species present in Australia which have weed histories elsewhere in the world but no current history as a weed in Australia. It is these plants that are most likely to become weeds in Australia, given the right opportunities.

The safest option is simply never to use these species in breeding programs, domestic garden plantings or landscaping projects. Restricted uses such as cultivation purely in greenhouses or air conditioned glasshouses in areas well outside their normal climate ranges could still be considered, unless the end purpose is for propagation and distribution into suitable climate regions.

Australia has a vast range of climate types and no matter how well intentioned a gardener or nursery may be those potentially weedy plants could well outlive their carers, and who is to say that the next owner will take such care or indeed even understand the risks of such species.

Even without these weedy species there is still a species pallet of just over 20,000 taxa to utilise for all horticultural purposes. This is in addition to the 11,000 cultivated Australian natives, introductions of additional new Australian natives to horticulture and new species introductions from outside Australia, screened for their weed potential by Biosecurity Australia before entry. With access to over 30,000 species of plants it is difficult to see any basis for complaints that people are being restricted in the range of plants available for use.

6 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status How to use this book How to use this book

To aid people in making informed decisions about the use of a plant, its weed potential in Australia is provided as a series of shorthand codes at the end of each entry. Species are listed in alphabetical order by , then species with the , next followed by the the species belongs to. The codes for that species’ weed status, if any data exists, are on the line after the family name.

The codes

All plants listed in this text have been introduced into Australia with the exception of the 606 natives that are known to have naturalised outside their native range within Australia. The codes used in the text are: Weed: There is a published reference to this plant as a weed somewhere in the world. N: This plant has naturalised somewhere in Australia. Nn: This plant is an Australian native species that has naturalised beyond its native range within Australia. 1: This plant has been recorded as a weed of the natural environment. 2: This plant has been recorded to escape from cultivation. 3: This plant has been recorded as a weed of agriculture. 4: This plant has been recorded as a noxious (declared) weed. This is a legal category and may take the form of a prohibition on entry, sale and movement to requirements to eradicate or control. 5: This plant has been recorded as an invasive species. This is the most serious criterion that can be applied to a plant and is generally used for serious high impact environmental and / or agricultural weeds that spread rapidly and often create monocultures. A: The capital A after any of the preceding numbers indicates that this species has met this criterion in Australia.

Obviously plants with a full range of the code numbers after their name, even if they have not yet become weed problems in Australia, are only an opportunity away from doing so. These species should never be cultivated under any circumstances. There are always other options available no matter how focused one may be on ‘that’ species.

Species with only one number or just the ‘weed’ designator could be used after investigation into where and how they are considered weedy. It may well be that many of these species will never become weeds in Australia but, just as growers would look at the agronomic implications of growing a plant, so too they should consider its weed potential.

Just because a plant is listed in this book as weedy elsewhere does not mean it will become a weed in Australia. Users need to consider where the plant is native to, its preferred climate including annual rainfall, soil , and the ecosystems in which it is found.

Unfortunately Australia is a big country and most climate and soil types exist here. This needs to be taken into account with any plants that are to be sold widely across the country.

On the flip side our natives are tough, aggressive and able to thrive under conditions many species find too difficult. This is probably why Australian natives are rapidly naturalising all over the world and creating havoc in various ecosystems on every continent on the planet.

Used wisely and in conjunction with further research this text should assist people in avoiding potential costly mistakes that could impact on the environment. These mistakes may not become immediately evident in any one lifetime but good choices made now will rarely be as controversial, or as obvious, as the bad ones.

Note: Not all the known synonyms are included in this text, as this would have required a huge additional index and internal referencing. Therefore the synonyms included are those used in the sources from which the base dataset was composed. This nearly halves the size of the book and does not affect its useability.

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 7 The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status The introduced

8 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status A brief explanation of botanical nomenclature A brief explanation of botanical nomenclature

For those unfamiliar with the technical standards used in naming plants, this offers a very brief explanation of the methodologies used to name plants. The botanical or scientific name is the accepted standard name for a plant. Each plant has a unique that is described and named by its author in Latin. This is the most accurate way of referring to a plant as many plants have similar or the same common names and regional variations and differences can cause no end of confusion. Latin is used because it is a dead language and therefore not prone to change.

Family – The family is the botanical category above genus. Each family contains many genera (the plural of genus) that share characteristics. For example Rosa canina is in the family whose members share a number of features. There are several more groupings of plant types above family leading ultimately to the Plant Kingdom.

The botanical name of a particular plant is made up of two parts; the first is the genus, the second is the species epithet. The botanical name is always written in italics with the genus name capitalised and the species and any other names all in lower case. For instance, the plant commonly referred to by many as the ‘dog rose’ is known by the botanical name, Rosa canina L. In this example, the species epithet is canina. So, while there are many plants in the genus Rosa, there is only one known as Rosa canina. Taken together, Rosa canina L. is referred to as a species.

Genus – The genus is the lowest level of plant relatives before individual species are described. A genus can contain from one to many hundreds of species names. A genus with only one species is called monotypic (one type).

Species (spp.) – The species name is not the end of the taxonomic trail, however, with several lower levels of taxonomic distinction being applied by taxonomists. A highly variable species may have many subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forma etc named by taxonomists. For our purposes identification to species level is sufficient but it pays to understand that subspecific levels of nomenclature do exist. A brief explanation of the most commonly used subspecific nomenclature follows.

Subspecies (subsp. or ssp.) and Varieties (var.) – These are taxonomic groups that are a distinctive subdivision of a species whose members have certain hereditary characteristics distinct from other populations of that species.

Cultivar (cv.) – A is a plant created by careful selective breeding often using inter or infra generic hybridisation (within or between related genera). Most cultivars are registered by their breeders and given names. Often people will quote a cultivar name in the mistaken belief it is a species name. As one species name can contain many dozens if not hundreds of cultivars it pays to appreciate the difference. Cultivars are not considered part of the ‘natural’ chain of botanic due to their artificial origin but are acknowledged after the author name in most descriptions when mentioned in publications (example below).

Examples of correctly cited cultivar and hybrid names:

Cultivar examples • Acer negundo L. ‘Flamingo’ • Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. ‘Lady Northcliffe’

Hybrid examples • X amazonica André (a hybrid of Alocasia lowii Hook. f. and W.Bull) • Primula X bulleesiana Janson (a hybrid of Primula bulleyana Forrest and Primula beesiana Forrest)

Synonyms – Sometimes a plant that has received a botanical name from one author is given a new name by another author. These old names become synonyms of the currently accepted names and while no longer in use still exist in old publications, and often in popular use in trade. It’s important to keep track of these names to maintain the connections between the old and the new names, eg Vesalea floribunda M.Martens & Galeotti is a of Abelia floribunda (M.Martens & Galeotti) Decne.

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 9 The author

The person who identifies a plant with its unique botanical name by publishing its description in a botanical or taxonomic journal becomes its author. Rosa canina was named by Carolus Linnaeus in 1753. Linnaeus developed the binomial (two name) system of plant taxonomy we use today and he himself named a great many plants. An author’s name is usually written in full or a slightly abbreviated form after the binomial name but Linnaeus is abbreviated simply to ‘L.’ being rightly considered the father of botanical nomenclature.

There is also the issue of name changes. Taxonomists often reallocate species into other genera, or split a single species into multiples. This can be followed to some extent by the author citation that appears after the species name as the following example shows.

Vesalea floribunda was originally named by Martin Martens and Henri Guillaume Galeotti in 1844 and was then correctly cited as Vesalea floribunda M.Martens & Galeotti. Two years later decided to place this species into the genus Abelia and renamed it Abelia floribunda. While it is acceptable to replace the old authors with the latest author when citing a plant name it is useful to provide any previous authors, bracketed and in front A brief explanation of botanical nomenclature of the current author, ie Abelia floribunda (M.Martens & Galeotti) Decne. This alerts people to any past name changes, synonyms etc that could provide more information on the species in question.

10 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status A quick guide to understanding this publication A quick guide to understanding this publication

In the binomial system for naming The second name is the species Every published plant name has plants this first name is called the name and the combination of the an author, or authors, associated genus. Latin is normally used for genus and species names provides with it. Often a plant name is these names and they are always a unique identifier for every allocated to the wrong genus or italicised and the genus published plant. The species name a species is split into several more. always capitalised. is always in lower case. If a species name is changed, the original authors can be bracketed and placed before the latest author. This can be useful as it alerts one to the possibility of synonyms.

This is the plant Abelia floribunda (M.Martens & Galeotti) Decne. family to which Linnaeaceae the genus Abelia belongs. The small ‘n’ indicates The family is the Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. that this plant is an botanical category Australian species that above genus. has naturalised beyond ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 5 its native range within Australia.

Abutilon avicennae Gaertn. nom. illeg. Nom. illeg. and nom. inval. indicate that these This is the current Malvaceae names are not accepted name for this = Abutilon theophrasti Medik. because they were species; check for ◆ published outside the more information. Weed - 3 guidelines of the Code of botanical nomenclature. An accepted name is Abutilon theophrasti Medik. indicated under the There is a synonym family name. listed elsewhere in Malvaceae this text; check this See: Abutilon avicennae Gaertn. nom. illeg. name for more ◆ information. Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 This plant has been recorded as an ‘invasive species’. This term is only applied to serious There is a reference high impact environmental to this plant as a and / or agricultural weeds. weed somewhere in the world. This plant has been recorded as a noxious (declared) weed under This plant has some form of legislation. naturalised somewhere This plant has been recorded in Australia. as a weed of agriculture.

This plant has been recorded as a weed This plant has been recorded of the natural environment. as escaping from cultivation.

The capital A after any number indicates that this species has met this criterion within Australia.

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 11 A–Z list of the introduced flora of Australia and its weed status

All images used in this book are of non-weeds, ie none of them have been recorded as weeds. A–Z list of the introduced flora of Australia and its weed status A–Z list of the introduced

12 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status koaia Credit: Forest & Kim Starr A A Abelia chinensis R.Br. (Antoine & Kotschy) Boiss. Linnaeaceae Carrière ◆ Weed Pinaceae ◆ Weed - 1 (Gordon & Glend.) Abelia floribunda (M.Martens Rehder Lindl. ex Hildebr. & Galeotti) Decne. Pinaceae Pinaceae Linnaeaceae See: Abies nobilis (Douglas ex D.Don) ◆ Weed Lindl. nom. illeg. Abelia graebneriana Rehder Abies delavayi Franch. ◆ Weed Linnaeaceae Pinaceae Abelia X grandiflora (André) Rehder Mast. Linnaeaceae Abies douglasii (Sab. ex D.Don) Lindl. Pinaceae Pinaceae = Abelia chinensis R.Br. X Abelia (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham. uniflora R.Br. Abies equi-trojani (Asch. & Sint. Pinaceae ◆ Weed - N ex Boiss.) Mattf. Ledeb. Pinaceae Abelia schumannii (Graebn.) Rehder Pinaceae Linnaeaceae Sieb. & Zucc. ◆ Weed - 2 Pinaceae Abelia serrata Sieb. & Zucc. (D.Don) Spach Linnaeaceae Coltm.-Rog. Pinaceae Pinaceae Abelia spathulata Sieb. & Zucc. Abies squamata Mast. Linnaeaceae Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Pinaceae Pinaceae Abelia triflora R.Br. Lindl. ◆ Weed Linnaeaceae Pinaceae Abies georgei Orr Abelia uniflora R.Br. Abobra tenuifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Cogn. Linnaeaceae Pinaceae ◆ Weed (Douglas ex D.Don) Lindl. Abromeitiella brevifolia (Griseb.) distichum Nakai Pinaceae A.Cast. ◆ Weed Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench Maxim. = Deuterocohnia brevifolia (Griseb.) Malvaceae Pinaceae M.A.Spencer & L.B.Sm. See: esculentus L. Sieb. & Zucc. Abrus fruticulosus Wall. ex Wight ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Pinaceae & Arn. Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Malvaceae ◆ Weed Abies jezoensis Sieb. & Zucc. See: Hibiscus manihot L. Pinaceae Abrus precatorius ssp. precatorius L. ◆ Weed - N - 1 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae (Hayata) T.Ito Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. ◆ Weed - Nn Malvaceae Pinaceae Abrus schimperi Hochst. ex Baker ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 5 E.H.Wilson Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aberia caffra Hook. f. & Harv. Pinaceae Abutilon arboreum (L. f.) Sweet (Hook.) Nutt. Malvaceae = Dovyalis caffra (Hook. f. & Harv.) Pinaceae Hook. f. ◆ Weed Abutilon asiaticum (L.) Sweet Malvaceae Mill. A.Murray ◆ Weed Pinaceae Pinaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Abutilon auritum (Wall. ex Link) Sweet Abies nobilis (Douglas ex D.Don) Malvaceae Douglas ex J.Forbes Lindl. nom. illeg. ◆ Weed - Nn Pinaceae Pinaceae (L.) Mill. = Abies procera Rehder. Abutilon avicennae Gaertn. nom. illeg. Malvaceae Pinaceae (Steven) Spach ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 = Abutilon theophrasti Medik. Pinaceae ◆ Weed - 3 (D.Don) Poit. ◆ Weed - 2 Pinaceae Abutilon bedfordianum (Hook.) (D.Don) Royle A.St.-Hil. & Naudin Loudon Pinaceae Malvaceae Pinaceae ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 13 Abutilon darwinii Hook. (f.) Abutilon theophrasti Medik. A. Cunn. ex Benth. Malvaceae Malvaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae See: Abutilon avicennae Gaertn. ◆ Weed - Nn A Abutilon eremitopetalum Caum nom. illeg. Malvaceae Acacia catechu (L. f.) Willd. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Abutilon grandiflorum G.Don Abutilon variegata hort. ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 4A - 5 Malvaceae Malvaceae Acacia caven (Molina) Molina Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet = Abutilon megapotamicum (Spreng.) Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Malvaceae A. St.-Hil. & Naudin ‘Variegatum’ ◆ Weed See: Sida mollis Ortega nom. illeg. Abutilon vexillarium E.Morr. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Acacia collinsii Saff. Malvaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Abutilon X hybridum Voss Abutilon vitifolium (Cav.) C.Presl Malvaceae Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC. Malvaceae a complex group of hybrids Leguminosae - Mimosaceae of uncertain origin Acacallis cyanea Lindl. ◆ Weed - N Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet Acacia constricta Benth. Malvaceae Acacia albida Delile Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed Abutilon megapotamicum (Spreng.) = Faidherbia albida (Delile) A.Chev. A.St.-Hil. & Naudin Acacia cornigera (L.) Willd. ◆ Weed Malvaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae See: Abutilon variegata hort. Acacia amythethophylla Steud. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 ex A.Rich. A.Cunn. ex G.Don Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Abutilon megapotamicum (Spreng.) Leguminosae - Mimosaceae A.St.-Hil. & Naudin X Abutilon F.Müell. ex Benth. ◆ Weed - Nn pictum Naudin (Hook. & Arn.) Walp. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Acacia curassavica (Britton & Killip) Malvaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Stehla See: Abutilon X milleri hort. Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 4A Abutilon menziesii Seem. = Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile A.Cunn. ex G.Don Malvaceae ◆ Weed - 2A Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Abutilon X milleri hort. A.Cunn. ex Benth. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Malvaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Link = Abutilon megapotamicum (Spreng.) ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Leguminosae - Mimosaceae A.St.-Hil. X Abutilon pictum Naudin F.Müell. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 (Hook. & Arn.) Walp. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae (J.C.Wendl.) Willd. Abutilon molle Sweet ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5A Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Malvaceae Acacia baileyana F.Müell. X Acacia ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed dealbata Link Willd. ex Abutilon palmeri A.Gray Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Spreng. Malvaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Abutilon peruvianum (Lam.) Kearney Acacia baileyana F.Müell. X Acacia ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Malvaceae decurrens (J.C.Wendl.) Willd. A.Cunn. ex Benth. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Abutilon pictum (Gillies ex Hook. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - Nn & Arn.) Walp. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Malvaceae Acacia baileyana F.Müell. X Acacia Acacia erioloba E.Mey. ◆ Weed - N - 2 leucoclada Tindale Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Abutilon sellowianum (Klotzsch) Regel ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - Nn Malvaceae DC. Maiden Abutilon sonneratianum (Cav.) Sweet. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Malvaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A ◆ Weed Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Acacia boliviana Rusby Abutilon striatum Dicks. ex Lindl. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Malvaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5A ◆ Weed (Vent.) Willd. Maiden Abutilon X suntense C.D.Brickell Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Malvaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - Nn = Abutilon ochsenii (Phil.) Reiche Acacia gerrardii Benth. X Corynabutilon ochsenii (Phil.) Acacia borleae Burtt Davy Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Kearney Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed

14 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Acacia giraffae Willd. Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile F.Müell. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae = Acacia haematoxylon Willd. See: Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. ◆ Weed - Nn A X Acacia erioloba E.Mey. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4A - 5 Acacia senegalensis (Houtt.) Roberty Acacia greggii A.Gray DC. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Acacia sieberiana DC. ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5 Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Acacia horrida (L.) Willd. Tindale ◆ Weed - 2A Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Acacia sinuata (Lour.) Merr. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn Leguminosae - Mimosaceae F.Müell. Acacia phlebophylla F.Müell. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ex H.B.Will. Acacia sophorae (Labill.) R.Br. ◆ Weed - Nn Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - Nn F.Müell. ex Benth. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Leguminosae - Mimosaceae A.Cunn. ex G.Don A.Cunn. ex Benth. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Acacia karroo Hayne ◆ Weed - Nn Leguminosae - Mimosaceae F.Müell. Acacia suffrutescens Rose ◆ Weed - N - 3A - 4 - 5 Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Acacia koa A.Gray Acacia swazica Burtt Davy Leguminosae - Mimosaceae A.Cunn. ex G.Don Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Acacia koaia Hillebr. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae R.Br. C.R.P.Andrews See: Acacia raddiana Savi Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed ◆ - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A (L’Hérit.) Willd. Benth. Acacia lebbek (L.) Willd. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Acacia leucocephala Bert. Ker Gawl. Acacia raddiana Savi Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae = leucocephala (Lam.) ◆ Weed - Nn = Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne ssp. De Wit. raddiana (Savi) Brenan Acacia visco Lorentz ex Griseb. ◆ Weed - 2A ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Mimosaceae (Andrews) Willd. ◆ Weed Maslin Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Acacia xanthophloea Benth. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - Nn Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. Schltdl. agnipila Gand. ex Willd. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Rosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae See: Acacia rhetinoides Schltr. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 4 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 5 Acaena argentea Ruiz & Pav. Willd. Acacia rhetinoides Schltr. Rosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 5 = Acacia retinodes Schldl. Acaena buchananii Hook. f. Acacia mearnsi De Wild. Acacia richii A.Gray Rosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed Acaena caesiglauca (Bitter) Bergmans Acacia robusta Burch. Rosaceae De Wild. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Nees (Labill.) H.L.Wendl. Rosaceae R.Br. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5A ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Acaena fissistipula Bitter Benth. Rosaceae Benth. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Acaena glabra Buchanan Acacia schweinfurthii Brenan & Exell Rosaceae Acacia modesta Wall. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 15 Acaena inermis Hook. f. Acanthocalycium ferrarii Rausch Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. Rosaceae Cactaceae & Maxim.) Harms A ◆ Weed - 2 = Echinopsis thionantha (Spegazzini) D.R.Hunt = senticosus (Rupr. Acaena magellanica (Lam.) Vahl & Maxim.) Maxim. Rosaceae Acanthocalycium glaucum F.Ritter ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. = Echinopsis thionantha & Maxim.) Seem. Acaena microphylla Hook. f. (Spegazzini) D.R.Hunt Araliaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Acanthocalycium klimpelianum Acanthopanax setchuenensis Harms (Weidl. & Werderm.) Backeb. Araliaceae Acaena novae-zelandiae Kirk Cactaceae Rosaceae Acanthopanax spinosus (L. f.) Miq. = Acanthocalycium spiniflorum ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2 - 4 Araliaceae (K.Schum.) Backeb. Acaena ovalifolia Ruiz & Pav. Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Voss Acanthocalycium peitscherianum Rosaceae Araliaceae Bakeb. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Cactaceae crinita (Bory) H.Wendl. Acaena profundeincisa (Bitter) = Acanthocalycium spiniflorum B.H.MacMillan (K.Schum.) Backeb. (Bory) H.Wendl. Rosaceae Acanthocalycium spiniflorum Arecaceae Acaena saccaticupula Bitter (K.Schum.) Backeb. Acanthorhipsalis monacantha Rosaceae Cactaceae (Griseb.) Britton & Rose ◆ Weed See: Acanthocalycium klimpelianum Cactaceae (Weidl. & Werderm.) Backeb., amentacea Roxb. Acanthocalycium peitscherianum australe (Loefl.) Bakeb., Acanthocalycium violaceum Kuntze ◆ Weed (Werderm.) Backeb. L. ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 Acanthocalycium thionanthum (Speg.) Euphorbiaceae Backeb. DC. ◆ Weed - N - 3 Cactaceae Asteraceae Acalypha godseffiana Mast. = Echinopsis thionantha ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Euphorbiaceae (Spegazzini) D.R.Hunt Acanthostachys pitcairnioides (Mez) Acalypha hamiltoniana Bruant Acanthocalycium violaceum Rauh & Barthlott Euphorbiaceae (Werderm.) Backeb. Bromeliaceae Cactaceae Burm. f. Acanthostachys strobilacea (Schult. f.) = Acanthocalycium spiniflorum Euphorbiaceae Link (K.Schum.) Backeb. ◆ Weed - 5 Bromeliaceae brasiliensis Britton Acalypha pendula Wright ex Griseb. Acanthus balcanicus Heyw. & Richards. & Rose Euphorbiaceae Acanthaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed Acalypha reptans Sw. Acanthocereus pentagonus (L.) Britton Euphorbiaceae Acanthus caroli-alexandri Hausskn. & Rose Acanthaceae Acalypha tricolor Seem. Cactaceae Euphorbiaceae = (L.) Acanthus dioscoridis L. Humm. Acanthaceae Müll.Arg. ◆ Weed Euphorbiaceae Acanthus eminens C.B.Clarke ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Acanthaceae Hummelinck Acampe longifolia (Lindl.) Lindl. Acanthus hungaricus (Borbas) Baenitz Cactaceae Orchidaceae Acanthaceae See: Acanthocereus pentagonus (L.) Acampe pachyglossa Rchb. f. Britton & Rose Acanthus mollis L. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatter Acanthocereus undulosus (DC.) & MacCann Croizat Acanthus montanus T.Anders. Orchidaceae Cactaceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed Acanthephippium striatum Lindl. Acanthopanax divaricatus (Sieb. Orchidaceae & Zucc.) Seem. Acanthus polystachyus Delile Araliaceae Acanthaceae Acanthocalycium aurantiacum Rausch ◆ Weed Cactaceae Acanthopanax sciadophylloides = Echinopsis thionantha (Speg.) Franch. & Sav. Acanthus pubescens Engl. Werderm. Araliaceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed

16 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Acanthus spinosissimus Pers. Acer davidii Franch. Acer macrophyllum Pursh Acanthaceae Aceraceae Aceraceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Acanthus spinosus L. A Acanthaceae Acer X dieckii Pax Acer mandshuricum Maxim. ◆ Weed - 2 Aceraceae Aceraceae = Acer platanoides L. X Acer pictum Acanthus syriacus Boiss. Acer maximowiczianum Miq. Thunb. ex Murray Acanthaceae Aceraceae ◆ Weed Acer distylum Sieb. & Zucc. Acer maximowiczii Pax Aceraceae Acca sellowiana (O.Berg) Burret Aceraceae Acer divergens K.Koch ex Pax = Acer pectinatum Wall. ex See: Feijoa sellowiana (O.Berg) Aceraceae G.Nicholson ssp. maximowiczii O.Berg (Pax) A.E.Murray Acer elegantulum W.P.Fang & P.L.Chiu ◆ Weed Aceraceae Acer mono Maxim. Acer aidzuense (Franch.) Nakai Aceraceae Acer erianthum Schwer. Aceraceae Aceraceae Acer monspessulanum L. Acer amplum Rehder Acer fabri Hance Aceraceae ◆ Aceraceae Aceraceae Weed - 2 Acer argutum Maxim. Acer forrestii Diels Acer morrisonense Hayata Aceraceae Aceraceae Aceraceae Acer barbatum Michx. Acer X freemanii A.E.Murray Acer negundo L. Aceraceae Aceraceae Aceraceae ◆ ◆ Weed = Acer rubrum L. X Acer Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Acer buergerianum Miq. saccharinum L. Acer nigrum F.Michx. Aceraceae ◆ Weed - 2 Aceraceae ◆ Weed Acer ginnala Maxim. Acer nikoense (Miq.) Maxim. Acer campbellii Hook. f. & Thomson Aceraceae Aceraceae ex Hiern ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Acer oblongum Wall. ex DC. Aceraceae Acer glabrum Torr. Aceraceae Acer campestre L. Aceraceae Acer obtusifolium Sibth. & Sm. Aceraceae ◆ Weed Aceraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Acer griseum (Franch.) Pax Acer olivaceum W.P.Fang & P.L.Chiu Acer capillipes Maxim. Aceraceae ◆ Aceraceae Aceraceae Weed ◆ Weed Acer grosseri Pax Acer oliverianum Pax Aceraceae Acer cappadocicum Gled. Aceraceae ◆ Aceraceae Weed Acer opalus Mill. ◆ Weed - 2 Acer heldreichii Orph. ex Boiss. Aceraceae Acer carpinifolium Sieb. & Zucc. Aceraceae Acer orientale L. ◆ Aceraceae Weed - 2 Aceraceae Acer caudatifolium Hayata Acer henryi Pax Acer palmatum Thunb. Aceraceae Aceraceae Aceraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 5 Acer caudatum Wall. Acer hersii Rehder Aceraceae Aceraceae Acer paxii Franch. Acer hookeri Miq. Aceraceae Acer circinatum Pursh Aceraceae Aceraceae Acer pectinatum Wall. ex G.Nicholson ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Acer japonicum Thunb. Aceraceae Aceraceae See: Acer maximowiczii Pax Acer cissifolium (Sieb. & Zucc.) K.Koch ◆ Weed Aceraceae Acer pensylvanicum L. ◆ Weed Acer kawakamii Koidzumi Aceraceae Aceraceae ◆ Weed Acer cordatum Paxton Aceraceae Acer laevigatum Wall. Acer pentaphyllum Diels Aceraceae Aceraceae Acer craibianum T.J.Delendick Aceraceae Acer laxiflorum Pax Acer pictum Thunb. ex Murray Aceraceae Aceraceae Acer crataegifolium Sieb. & Zucc. Aceraceae Acer lobelii Ten. Acer platanoides L. ◆ Weed Aceraceae Aceraceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 17 L. Acetosa vesicaria (L.) Á.Löve X lewisii S.Arn. Aceraceae Polygonaceae Asteraceae A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 = Rumex vesicarius L. = Achillea clavennae L. X Achillea ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3A tomentosa L. Acer pubescens Franch. Aceraceae Acetosella vulgaris Fourr. Achillea ligustica All. Polygonaceae Asteraceae Acer pubinerve Rehder = Rumex acetosella L. ssp. acetosella ◆ Weed Aceraceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3A Achillea lingulata Waldst. & Kit. Acer rubescens Hayata Aceraceae Achillea aegyptiaca L. Asteraceae Asteraceae Achillea macrophylla L. Acer rubrum L. See: Achillea taygetea Boiss. & Heldr. Aceraceae Asteraceae Achillea ageratifolia (Lindl.) Boiss. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Achillea magna auct. Asteraceae Acer rufinerve Sieb. & Zucc. Asteraceae Aceraceae Achillea L. = L. Asteraceae ◆ Weed Achillea millefolium L. ◆ Weed - 2 Acer saccharinum L. Asteraceae Aceraceae Achillea clavennae L. See: Achillea magna auct. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Acer saccharum Marshall Achillea clavennae L. X Achillea Achillea nobilis L. Aceraceae clypeolata Sibth. & Sm. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Acer semenovii Regel & Herder Achillea clypeolata Sm. Achillea odorata L. Aceraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Acer shirasawanum Koidz. Achillea clypeolata Sm. X Achillea Achillea ptarmica L. Aceraceae filipendulina Lam. Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 Acer sieboldianum Miq. Aceraceae Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb. Achillea santolina L. Asteraceae Asteraceae Acer sikkimense Miq. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Aceraceae Achillea cretica L. Achillea sibirica Ledeb. Acer spicatum Lam. Asteraceae Asteraceae Aceraceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Achillea crithmifolia Waldst. & Kit. Achillea taygetea Boiss. & Heldr. Acer tataricum L. Asteraceae Asteraceae Aceraceae ◆ Weed - 5 = Achillea aegyptiaca L. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Achillea decolorans Schrad. L. Acer tegmentosum Maxim. Aceraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 2 Acer trautvetteri Medw. Aceraceae Achillea distans Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. Achillea umbellata Sm. Asteraceae Asteraceae Acer trifidium Hook. & Arn. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Aceraceae Achimenes erecta (Lam.) H.P.Fuchs Achillea erba-rotta All. Acer triflorum Kom. Asteraceae Aceraceae Achimenes longiflora DC. Achillea eupatorium M.Bieb. Gesneriaceae Acer truncatum Bunge Asteraceae Aceraceae Achimenes magnifica (Planch. ◆ Weed Achillea filipendulina Lam. & Linden) Lindl. Asteraceae Gesneriaceae Acer ukurunduense Trautv. & C.A.Mey. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Aceraceae Achimenes patens Benth. Achillea fraasii Sch.Bip. Gesneriaceae Acer velutinum Boiss. Asteraceae Aceraceae Achlys triphylla (Sm.) DC. Achillea grandiflora Bieb. Acer wilsonii Rehder Asteraceae Aceraceae brachychaetum (Godr.) Achillea grandifolia Friv. Barkworth Acetosa sagittata (Thunb.) Asteraceae L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs ◆ Weed - 2 See: Stipa brachychaeta Godr. Polygonaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 4 See: Rumex sagittatus Thunb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A

18 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Achnatherum (L.) Acineta superba (Kunth) Rchb. f. Acmadenia heterophylla P.E.Glover P.Beauv. Orchidaceae Poaceae Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench Acmena smithii (Poir.) Merr. & Perry A See: Stipa calamagrostis (L.) Wahlenb. Lamiaceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - 1A ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 4 - 5 Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy Achnatherum caudatum (Trin.) Lamiaceae Acmenosperma pringlei B.Hyland S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett See: Acinos thymoides Moench Myrtaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 See: Stipa caudata Trin. Acmopyle sahniana Buchholz & Gray ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A Acinos thymoides Moench Lamiaceae Achnatherum coronatum (Thurb.) Acnistus arborescens (L.) Schltdl. = Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy Barkworth ◆ Weed - 3 Poaceae Acnistus australis (Griseb.) Griseb. See: Stipa coronata Thurb. Aciphylla aurea W.R.B.Oliv. Solanaceae Achnatherum hymenoides (Roem. = Iochroma australe Griseb. & Schult.) Barkworth Aciphylla aurea W.R.B.Oliv. X Acnistus breviflorus Sendtn. Poaceae Aciphylla horrida W.R.B.Oliv. Solanaceae See: Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. Apiaceae & Schult.) Ricker ex Piper Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Griseb. Aciphylla colensoi Hook. f. & Wendl.) Wendl. Achnatherum lettermanii (Vasey) Apiaceae Arecaceae Barkworth Aciphylla dieffenbachii (F.Müell.) Kirk Poaceae Acokanthera oblongifolia (Hochst.) Apiaceae See: Stipa lettermanii Vasey Codd Aciphylla dobsoni Hook. f. Achnatherum lobatum (Swallen) Apiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Barkworth Poaceae Aciphylla hectori Buchanan Acokanthera oppositifolia (Lam.) Codd See: Stipa lobata Swallen Apiaceae Apocynaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Achnatherum robustum (Vasey) Aciphylla horrida W.R.B.Oliv. Barkworth Apiaceae Acokanthera spectabilis (Sond.) Hook. f. Poaceae Apocynaceae Aciphylla monroi Hook. f. See: Stipa robusta (Vasey) Scribn. Apiaceae Acokanthera venenata G.Don Achras sapota L. nom. illeg. Apocynaceae Aciphylla montana Armst. = laurifolium L’Hérit. Apiaceae = Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen. Aconitum alboviolaceum Kom. Aciphylla procumbens (F.Müell.) Benth. Achras zapota L. Apiaceae Sapotaceae Aconitum anthora L. = Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen. Aciphylla scott-thomsonii Cockayne Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed & Allan Apiaceae Aconitum X cammarum L. Achyranthes arborescens R.Br. Ranunculaceae Aciphylla simplex Petrie = Aconitum variegatum L. X Apiaceae L. Aconitum napellus L. [most Amaranthaceae Aciphylla squarrosa J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. probable combination] ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Apiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Achyranthes bidentata Miq. Aciphylla subflabellata W.R.B.Oliv. Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux Amaranthaceae Apiaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Acis autumnalis (L.) Herb. Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai Aconitum columbianum Nutt. Amaranthaceae See: Leucojum autumnale L. Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed Acis tingitana (Baker) Lledó, A.P.Davis Achyranthes splendens Mart. ex Moq. & M.B.Crespo Aconitum delphinifolium DC. Amaranthaceae Liliaceae Ranunculaceae See: Leucojum tingitanum Baker Acidanthera bicolor Hochst. Aconitum hemsleyanum E.Pritz. Acis trichophylla Sweet Ranunculaceae = murielae Kelway Liliaceae Aconitum lycoctonum L. & Langport See: Leucojum trichophyllum Ranunculaceae Schousb. Acineta chrysantha (C.Morr.) Lindl. Aconitum nagarum Stapf & Paxton Ackama rosifolia A.Cunn. Ranunculaceae Orchidaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 19 Aconitum napellus L. Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. purpurea Rehder Ranunculaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 = repens (L.) Hidalgo A Actinidia rubricaulis Dunn ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Aconitum napellus L. X Aconitum Actinidiaceae variegatum L. Actaea alba auct. ◆ Weed Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Actinidia rufa (Sieb. & Zucc.) Planch. = Aconitum X cammarum L. = Actaea pachypoda Elliott ex Miq. ◆ Weed - 2 Actaea dahurica (Turcz. ex Fisch. Actinidiaceae Aconitum orientale Mill. & C.A.Mey.) Franch. Actinodaphne confertiflora Meisn. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Aconitum volubile Pall. ex Koelle Actaea erythrocarpa Fischer Actinokentia divaricata (Brongn.) Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Dammer Aconitum vulparia Rchb. Arecaceae Ranunculaceae Actaea pachypoda Elliott Actinomeris alternifolia (L.) DC. ◆ Weed - 2 Ranunculaceae See: Actaea alba auct. Asteraceae Aconitum wardii H.R.Fletcher & Lauener ◆ Weed - 2 = alternifolia (L.) Britton Ranunculaceae ex Kearney Actaea racemosa L. Acorus americanus (Raf.) Raf. Ranunculaceae Actinorhytis calapparia (Blume) Acoraceae H.Wendl. & Drude Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Arecaceae Ranunculaceae Acorus calamus L. ◆ Weed - 2 Actinotus helianthi Labill. Acoraceae Apiaceae Actaea simplex (DC.) Wormsk. ex Prantl ◆ ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Ranunculaceae Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Acorus gramineus Sol. ex Aiton Actaea spicata L. Actinotus suffocata Rodway Acoraceae Ranunculaceae Apiaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Ada aurantiaca Lindl. Acridocarpus austro-caledonicus Baill. Actinidia arguta (Sieb. & Zucc.) Orchidaceae Malpighiaceae Planch. ex Miq. Adansonia digitata L. Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. Actinidiaceae Bombacaceae ◆ Malpighiaceae Weed - 1 ◆ Weed Acridocarpus smeathmanni Guill. Actinidia callosa Lindl. Adansonia za Baill. Actinidiaceae & Perr. Bombacaceae Malpighiaceae Actinidia chinensis Planch. Adenandra fragrans (Sims) Roem. Actinidiaceae Acriopsis indica Wight & Schult. ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Rutaceae Actinidia coriacea (Finet & Gagnep.) Acriopsis ridleyi Hook. f. Adenandra marginata (L. f.) Roem. Dunn Orchidaceae & Schult. Actinidiaceae Rutaceae Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Wight ex Arn. Actinidia deliciosa (A.Chev.) C.F.Liang Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Adenandra uniflora Willd. & A.R.Ferguson Rutaceae Acroceras macrum Stapf Actinidiaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed pavonina L. ◆ Weed - N Actinidia eriantha Benth. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2 - 4 - 5 Acroclinium roseum Hook. Actinidiaceae Asteraceae Actinidia giraldii Diels. digitata (Harv.) Engl. Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Actinidiaceae ◆ Weed ex Mart. Actinidia kolomikta (Maxim. & Rupr.) Arecaceae Maxim. Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy ◆ Weed Actinidiaceae Passifloraceae Acrocomia armentalis (Morales) Actinidia lanceolata Dunn. Adenia glauca Schinz L.H. & E.Z.Bailey Actinidiaceae Passifloraceae Arecaceae Actinidia latifolia (Gardner & Champ.) Adenia goetzei Harms Acrocomia mexicana Karw. ex Mart. Merr. Passifloraceae Arecaceae Actinidiaceae Adenia keramanthus Harms Acrodon bellidiflorus (L.) N.E.Br. Actinidia polygama (Sieb. & Zucc.) Passifloraceae Maxim. Adenia spinosa Burtt Davy Actinidiaceae Passifloraceae ◆ Weed

20 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Adenia venenata Forsk. Adenophora triphylla (Thunb.) A.DC. nebulosum Pynaert Passifloraceae Adenium arabicum Balf. f. Adenostyles alpina (L.) Bluff & Fingerh. Adiantum pedatum L. A Apocynaceae Asteraceae Pteridaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Adenium multiflorum Klotzsch Apocynaceae Adesmia bicolor (Poir.) DC. Adiantum pentadactylon Langsd. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae & Fisch. Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. Pteridaceae & Schult. Adesmia boronioides Hook. f. Apocynaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Adiantum peruvianum Klotzsch Pteridaceae Adenium somalense Balf. f. Adesmia mucronata Hook. & Arn. Apocynaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Adiantum raddianum C.Presl See: Patagonium mucronatum Pteridaceae Adenium swazicum Stapf (Hook. & Arn.) Kuntze See: Adiantum cuneatum Langsd. Apocynaceae & Fisch., Adiantum gracillimum hort. Adesmia muricata (Jacq.) DC. Adenocarpus complicatus (L.) J.Gay ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Adiantum reniforme L. ◆ Weed - N Adesmia punctata (Poir.) DC. Pteridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Adenoncos papuana (Schltr.) Schltr. Adiantum tenerum Sw. Orchidaceae Adhatoda vasica Nees Pteridaceae Acanthaceae Adenophora bulleyana Diels ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 = Justicia adhatoda L. Campanulaceae Adiantum trapeziforme L. Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Parris Adenophora confusa Nannf. Pteridaceae Pteridaceae Campanulaceae ◆ Weed Adiantum anceps Maxon & C.V.Morton Adenophora khasiana (Hook. f. Adiantum venustum D.Don Pteridaceae & Thomson) Collett & Hemsl. Pteridaceae ◆ Weed Campanulaceae Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Hook. f. Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Adenophora khasyana Coll. & Hemsl. ex Brandis Pteridaceae Campanulaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 Adenophora lamarkii Fisch. Adinandra bockiana E.Pritz. Adiantum caudatum L. Campanulaceae Pteridaceae Adenophora latifolia Fisch. ◆ Weed Adinandra millettii Benth. & Hook. f. Campanulaceae ex Hance Adiantum colpodes T.Moore Theaceae Adenophora leptosepala Diels Pteridaceae Campanulaceae Adonidia merrillii (Becc.) Becc. Adiantum concinnum Willd. Arecaceae Adenophora liliifolia (L.) Ledeb. Pteridaceae See: Veitchia merrillii (Becc.) ex A.DC. Adiantum cultratum Willd. H.E.Moore Campanulaceae Pteridaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Adonis aestivalis L. Adiantum cuneatum Langsd. & Fisch. Ranunculaceae Adenophora morrisonensis Hayata Pteridaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Campanulaceae = Adiantum raddianum K.Presl. Adonis microcarpa DC. Adenophora pereskiifolia (Fisch. ◆ Weed Ranunculaceae ex Roem. & Schult.) G.Don Adiantum deflectens Mart. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Campanulaceae Pteridaceae Adonis pyrenaica DC. Adenophora polyantha Nakai Adiantum excisum Kze. Ranunculaceae Campanulaceae Pteridaceae ◆ Weed Adonis vernalis L. Adiantum fulvum Raoul Ranunculaceae Adenophora potaninii Korsh. Pteridaceae ◆ Weed Campanulaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Adiantum gracillimum hort. Adromischus cooperi (Bak.) Berger Pteridaceae Adenophora remotiflora (Sieb. = Adiantum raddianum Presl. See: Adromischus festivus C.A.Sm. & Zucc.) Miq. ‘Gracillimum’ Campanulaceae Adromischus cristatus (Haw.) Lem. Sw. Crassulaceae Adenophora stricta Miq. Pteridaceae Campanulaceae Adromischus festivus C.A.Sm. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed Crassulaceae Adiantum macrophyllum Sw. = Adromischus cooperi (Baker) Adenophora tashiroi Makino & Nakai Pteridaceae A.Berger Campanulaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 21 Adromischus hemisphaericus Lem. Aechmea comata Baker Aechmea lindenii (E.Morr.) Baker Crassulaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae = Aechmea lindenii (E.Morr.) Baker See: Aechmea comata Baker A Adromischus maculatus Lam. Crassulaceae Aechmea contracta (Mart. ex Schult. f.) Aechmea lueddemanniana (K.Koch) Baker Mez Adromischus marianae A.Berger Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Crassulaceae Aechmea correia-arauji E.Pereira Aechmea maculata L.B.Smith Adromischus phillipsiae (Marloth) & Moutinho Bromeliaceae Poelln. Bromeliaceae Crassulaceae Aechmea mariae-reginae H.Wendl. Aechmea cucullata H.Luther Bromeliaceae Adromischus poellnitzianus Werd. Bromeliaceae Crassulaceae Aechmea mcvaughii L.B.Sm. Aechmea cylindrata Lindm. Bromeliaceae Adromischus rhombifolius Lem. Bromeliaceae Crassulaceae Aechmea melinonii Hook. Aechmea dichlamydea Baker Bromeliaceae Adromischus triflorus A.Berger Bromeliaceae Crassulaceae Aechmea mertensii (Mey.) Schult. f. Aechmea distichantha Lem. Bromeliaceae Adromischus trigynus (Burch.) Poelln. Bromeliaceae Crassulaceae Aechmea miniata (Beer) Baker Aechmea drakeana André Bromeliaceae Adromischus umbraticola C.A.Sm. Bromeliaceae Crassulaceae Aechmea nidularioides L.B.Sm. Aechmea eurycorymbus Harms Bromeliaceae Aechmea agavifolia Brogn. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Aechmea nudicaulis (L.) Griseb. Aechmea farinosa (Regel) L.B.Smith Bromeliaceae Aechmea apocalyptica Reitz. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Aechmea organensis Wawra Aechmea fasciata (Lindl.) Baker Bromeliaceae Aechmea aquilega (Salisb.) Griseb. Bromeliaceae = Ortgiesia organensis (Wawra) Bromeliaceae L.B.Sm. & W.J.Kress Aechmea fasciata (Lindl.) Baker Aechmea biflora (L.B.Sm.) L.B.Sm. X Aechmea cucullata H.Luther Aechmea orlandiana L.B.Smith & M.A.Spencer Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Aechmea fendleri (Beer) Baker Aechmea penduliflora André Aechmea blanchetiana (Baker) Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae L.B.Smith Bromeliaceae Aechmea filicaulis (Griseb.) Mez Aechmea phanerophlebia Baker Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Aechmea blumenavii Reitz. Bromeliaceae Aechmea fosteriana L.B.Smith Aechmea pimenti-velosoi Reitz Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Aechmea bracteata (Sw.) Griseb. Bromeliaceae Aechmea fraseri Baker Aechmea pineliana (Brongn. Bromeliaceae ex Planch.) Baker Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Aechmea fulgens Brongn. Bromeliaceae Aechmea polyantha E.Pereira & Reitz Aechmea calyculata (E.Morr.) Baker Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Aechmea fulgens Brongn. X Aechmea ramosa Mart. ex Schult. f. Aechmea pubescens Baker Aechmea cariocae L.B.Sm. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Aechmea gamosepala Wittm. Aechmea purpureo-rosea (Hook.) Aechmea carvalhoi E.Pereira & Leme Bromeliaceae Wawr. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Aechmea glaziovii Baker Aechmea castelnavii Baker Bromeliaceae Aechmea pyramidalis Benth. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Aechmea haltonii H.Luther Aechmea caudata Lindm. Bromeliaceae Aechmea racinae L.B.Smith Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Aechmea kleinii Reitz. Aechmea chantinii (Carrière) Baker Bromeliaceae Aechmea ramosa Mart. ex Schult. f. Bromeliaceae = Pothuava kleinii (Reitz) L.B.Sm. Bromeliaceae Aechmea chlorophylla L.B.Smith & W.J.Kress Aechmea recurvata (Klotzsch) L.B.Sm. Bromeliaceae Aechmea kuntzeana Mez. Bromeliaceae Aechmea coelestis (K.Koch) E.Morr. Bromeliaceae Aechmea romeroi L.B.Sm. Bromeliaceae Aechmea lamarchei (Morr.) Mez Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae

22 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Aechmea spectabilis Brongniart Aeonium frutescens Webb & Berthel. Aerangis brachycarpa (A.Rich.) ex Houllet Crassulaceae Durand & Schinz Bromeliaceae Orchidaceae Aeonium gomerense Praeger A Aechmea tessmannii Harms Crassulaceae Aerangis clavigera H.Perrier Bromeliaceae Orchidaceae Aeonium haworthii Webb & Berthel. Aechmea tillandsioides (Mart. Crassulaceae Aerangis coriacea Summerh. ex Schult. f.) Baker ◆ Weed - N - 1A Orchidaceae Bromeliaceae Aeonium hierrense (Murr.) Pit. & Proust Aerangis mystacidii (Reichb. f.) Schltr. Aechmea tinctoria (Mart.) Mez Crassulaceae Orchidaceae Bromeliaceae Aeonium holochrysum Webb & Berth. Aerangis ugandensis Summerh. Aechmea triangularis L.B.Smith Crassulaceae Orchidaceae Bromeliaceae Aeonium lancerottense (Praeg.) Praeg. Aeranthes arachnites Lindl. Aechmea veitchii Baker Crassulaceae Orchidaceae Bromeliaceae Aeonium lindleyi Webb & Berth. Aeranthes grandiflora Lindl. Aechmea victoriana L.B.Sm. Crassulaceae Orchidaceae Bromeliaceae Aeonium manriqueorum Bolle Aeranthes grandiflorus Lindl. Aechmea weilbachii Didr. Crassulaceae Orchidaceae Bromeliaceae Aeonium nobile (Praeger) Praeger Aeranthes henrici Schltr. Aechmea zebrina L.B.Sm. Crassulaceae Orchidaceae Bromeliaceae Aeonium palmense Webb ex H.Christ Aerides crassifolia Parish ex Burb. Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa Crassulaceae Orchidaceae Rutaceae ◆ Weed - N Aeonium rubrolineatum Svent. Aerides falcata Lindl. Crassulaceae Orchidaceae Aegopodium podagraria L. Apiaceae Aeonium saundersii Bolle Aerides fieldingii B.S.Williams ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Crassulaceae Orchidaceae Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Thwaites Aeonium sedifolium (Webb) Pit. Aerides flabellata Rolfe ex Downie Poaceae & Proust Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Crassulaceae Aerides jarckianum Schltr. Aeonium arboreum (L.) Webb Aeonium simsii (Sweet) Stearn Orchidaceae & Berthel. Crassulaceae Aerides krabiensis Seidenfaden Crassulaceae Aeonium smithii Webb & Berth. ◆ Orchidaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Crassulaceae Aeonium burchardii Praeg. Aerides lawrenceae Rchb. f. Aeonium spathulatum (Hornem.) Orchidaceae Crassulaceae Praeg. Aeonium canariense (L.) Webb Crassulaceae Aerides mitrata Rchb. f. & Berthel. Orchidaceae Aeonium subplanum Praeg. = Seidenfadenia mitrata (Rchb. f.) Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Garay Aeonium tabuliforme (Haw.) Webb Aeonium castello-paivae Bolle Aerides multiflora Roxb. & Berth. Crassulaceae Orchidaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - N Aerides odorata Lour. Aeonium tortuosum (Ait.) Berger Aeonium ciliatum (Willd.) Webb Orchidaceae Crassulaceae & Berth. Aerides quinquevulnera Lindl. Crassulaceae Aeonium undulatum Webb & Berthel. Orchidaceae Crassulaceae Aeonium cuneatum Webb & Berthel. ◆ Weed Aerides vandarum Rchb. f. Crassulaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Aeonium urbicum (C.A.Sm.) Webb & Berthel. javanica (Burm. f.) Juss. ex Schult. Aeonium decorum (Webb) Bolle Crassulaceae Amaranthaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed See: Aerva tomentosa Forssk. = Sempervivum decorum (Webb) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A H. Christ Aeonium valverdense (Praeg.) Praeg. Crassulaceae Aerva tomentosa Forssk. Aeonium X domesticum (Praeger) Amaranthaceae A.Berger Aeonium X velutinum Praeger = Aerva javanica (Burm. f.) Juss. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ex Schult. ◆ Weed Aeonium X floribundum A.Berger Aeschynanthus boschianus de Vriese Crassulaceae Aeonium virgineum Webb & Berth. Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed Crassulaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 23 Aeschynanthus bracteatus Wall. Aeschynomene brevifolia L. ex Poir. Aesculus hippocastanum L. ex A.DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Hippocastanaceae A Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3 - 5 Aeschynanthus evrardii Pellegr. Aeschynomene deamii B.L.Rob. Aesculus hybrida DC. Gesneriaceae & Bartlett Hippocastanaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aeschynanthus garrettii Craib Aesculus indica (Wall. ex Cambess.) Gesneriaceae Aeschynomene falcata (Poir.) DC. Hook. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Hippocastanaceae Aeschynanthus grandiflorus (D.Don) ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Spreng. Gesneriaceae Aeschynomene histrix Poir. Aesculus X mutabilis (Spach) Scheele Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Hippocastanaceae Aeschynanthus hildebrandii Hemsl. ◆ Weed Gesneriaceae Aesculus X neglecta Lindl. Aeschynomene indica L. Hippocastanaceae Aeschynanthus javanica Hook. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Aesculus flava Sol. X Aesculus Gesneriaceae See: Aeschynomene aspera L. sylvatica Bartr. Aeschynanthus lobbiana Hook. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3A - 4 Aesculus octandra Marshall Gesneriaceae Aeschynomene micranthos (Poir.) DC. Hippocastanaceae Aeschynanthus longicaulis Wall. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Aesculus flava Aiton ex R.Br. ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed Gesneriaceae Aeschynomene nodulosa E.G.Baker Aesculus parviflora Walter Aeschynanthus longiflora Blume Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Hippocastanaceae Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed Aeschynomene paniculata Willd. Aeschynanthus longiflorus Blume ex Vogel Aesculus pavia L. Gesneriaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Hippocastanaceae ◆ Weed - N See: Aesculus splendens Aeschynanthus marmoratus T.Moore ◆ Weed Gesneriaceae Aeschynomene parviflora M.Micheli Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aesculus splendens Aeschynanthus micrantha C.B.Clarke Hippocastanaceae Gesneriaceae Aeschynomene scabra G.Don = Aesculus pavia L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aeschynanthus obconica C.B.Clarke Aesculus turbinata Blume Gesneriaceae Aeschynomene sensitiva Sw. Hippocastanaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aeschynanthus parasiticus (Roxb.) Wall. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Gesneriaceae Aesculus wilsonii Rehder Aeschynomene villosa Poir. Aeschynanthus parviflorus (D.Don) Hippocastanaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Spreng. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Aesculus woerlitzensis Koehne Gesneriaceae Hippocastanaceae Aeschynomene virgata Cav. Aeschynanthus parvifolia R.Br. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aethionema armenum Boiss. Gesneriaceae = Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers. Brassicaceae Aeschynanthus pulcher (Blume) Don Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. Aethionema cordifolium DC. Gesneriaceae Hippocastanaceae Brassicaceae Aeschynanthus radicans Jack ◆ Weed = Aethionema coridifolium DC. Gesneriaceae Aesculus X carnea Hayne Aethionema coridifolium DC. Aeschynanthus speciosus Hook. Hippocastanaceae Brassicaceae Gesneriaceae = Aesculus hippocastanum L. X See: Aethionema cordifolium DC. Aesculus pavia L. [most probable Aeschynanthus tenuis Hand.-Mazz. Aethionema grandiflorum Boiss. parents] Gesneriaceae & Hohen. ◆ Weed Brassicaceae Aeschynanthus tricolor Hook. Aesculus carnea Hayne ◆ Weed - 2 Gesneriaceae Hippocastanaceae Aethionema pulchellum Boiss. & Huet Aeschynanthus zebrinus Lem. ◆ Weed - 2 Brassicaceae Gesneriaceae Aesculus flava Sol. Aethionema saxatile (L.) R.Br. Aeschynomene americana L. Hippocastanaceae Brassicaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Aesculus octandra Marshall = Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Aeschynomene brasiliana (Poir.) DC. Aesculus glabra Willd. Aethionema saxatilis (L.) R.Br. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Hippocastanaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - 3

24 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Aethusa cynapium L. Agapetes flava (Hook.) Sleumer Agastache neomexicana (Briq.) Standl. Apiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 = Agastache pallidiflora (Heller) Agapetes forrestii W.E.Evans A Rydb. ssp. neomexicana (Briq.) Lint Aextoxicon punctatum Ruiz & Pav. Ericaceae & Epling var. neomexicana Aextoxicaceae Agapetes helenae (F.Müell.) F.Müell. Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze Afgekia sericea Craib ex Sleumer Lamiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Aframomum melegueta K.Schum. Agapetes mannii Hemsl. Agastache pallidiflora (Heller) Rydb. Ericaceae Lamiaceae falcatus (Thunb.) C.N.Page Agapetes moorei Hemsl. See: Agastache greenei (Briq.) Podocarpaceae Ericaceae Wooton & Standl., Agastache ◆ Weed - N neomexicana (Briq.) Standl. Agapetes oblonga Craib Afrocarpus gracilior (Pilg.) C.N.Page Ericaceae Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Podocarpaceae Kuntze Agapetes obovata (Wight) Hook. f. See: Decussocarpus gracilior (Pilg.) Lamiaceae Ericaceae de Laub., Podocarpus gracilior Pilg. ◆ Weed - 1 Agapetes rugosa (Hook.) Sleum. Afzelia africana Sm. ex Pers. Agastache rupestris (Greene) Standl. Ericaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Lamiaceae Agapetes serpens (Wight) Sleumer Afzelia quanzensis Welw. Ericaceae Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Kuntze Agapetes smithiana Sleum. Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib Lamiaceae Ericaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze Agaricus bisporus (J.E.Lange) Imbach Agalmyla staminea Blume Lamiaceae Tricholomataceae ◆ Gesneriaceae Weed Agarista populifolia (Lam.) Judd africanus (L.) Hoffm. Agathis australis (D.Don) Steud. Ericaceae Liliaceae - Agapanthaceae See: Leucothoe walteri N.C.Melvin See: Agapanthus umbellatus L’Hérit. nom. illeg. Agathis lanceolata (Pancher) Warb. ◆ Weed Araucariaceae Agastache anethiodora (Nutt.) Britton Agapanthus campanulatus F.M.Leight. Lamiaceae Agathis macrophylla (Lindl.) Mast. Liliaceae - Agapanthaceae = Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Araucariaceae Agapanthus caulescens Sprenger Kuntze Agathis moorei (Lindl.) Mast. Liliaceae - Agapanthaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Araucariaceae Agapanthus coddii F.M.Leight. Agastache anisata nom. inval. Agathis obtusa Mast. Liliaceae - Agapanthaceae Lamiaceae Araucariaceae = Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Agapanthus comptonii F.M.Leight. Kuntze Agathis ovata Warb. Liliaceae - Agapanthaceae Araucariaceae Agastache aurantiaca (A.Gray) Linton Agapanthus inapertus Beauverd & Epling Agathosma betulina (P.J.Bergius) Liliaceae - Agapanthaceae Lamiaceae Pillans Agapanthus nutans Leighton Rutaceae Agastache breviflora (A.Gray) Epling Liliaceae - Agapanthaceae Lamiaceae Agathosma capensis (L.) Dummer Agapanthus orientalis F.M.Leight. Rutaceae Agastache cana (Hook.) Wooton Liliaceae - Agapanthaceae & Standl. Agathosma cerefolium (Vent.) Bartl. = Willd. ssp. Lamiaceae & H.L.Wendl. orientalis (F.M.Leight.) F.M.Leight. Rutaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze Lamiaceae Agathosma corymbosa (Montin) G.Don Agapanthus pendulus L.Bolus See: Agastache anethiodora (Nutt.) Rutaceae Liliaceae - Agapanthaceae Britton, Agastache anisata nom. inval. Agathosma crenulata (L.) Pillans Agapanthus praecox Willd. ◆ Weed - 3 Rutaceae Liliaceae - Agapanthaceae Agastache greenei (Briq.) Wooton ◆ Weed - N See: Agapanthus orientalis & Standl. F.M.Leight. Agathosma erecta Bartl. & Wendl. f. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Rutaceae = Agastache pallidiflora (Heller) Agapanthus umbellatus L’Hérit. Rydb. ssp. pallidiflora var. greenei Agathosma ovata (Thunb.) Pillans Liliaceae - Agapanthaceae (Briq.) R.W.Sanders Rutaceae = Agapanthus africanus (L.) Hoffm. ◆ Weed Agastache mexicana (Kunth) Link. Agapetes buxifolia Nutt. & Epling. Agathosma villosa Willd. Ericaceae Lamiaceae Rutaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 25 Agati grandiflora (L.) Desv. franzosinii Baker Agave ocahui Gentry X Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Agavaceae Salm-Dyck = Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. Agavaceae A Agave funkiana K.Koch & C.D.Bouche Agauria buxifolia (Lam.) Cordem. Agavaceae Agave pacifica Trel. Ericaceae Agavaceae Agave geminiflora (Tagl.) Ker Gawl. L. Agavaceae Agave palmeri Engelm. Agavaceae Agavaceae Agave gentryi B.Ullrich ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Agavaceae Agave parrasana A.Berger Agave angustifolia Haw. Agavaceae Agave ghiesbreghtii K.Koch Agavaceae Agavaceae Agave parryi Engelm. ◆ Weed Agavaceae Agave guiengola Gentry Agave atrovirens Karw. ex Salm-Dyck See: Agave huachucensis Baker, Agavaceae Agavaceae Agave neomexicana Wooton ◆ Weed Agave guttata Jacobi & Bouche & Standl. Agavaceae Agave attenuata Salm-Dyck Agave parviflora Torr. Agavaceae Agave gypsophila Gentry Agavaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A Agavaceae Agave peacockii Crouch. Agave aurea Brandegee Agave havardiana Trel. Agavaceae Agavaceae Agavaceae Agave picta Salm-Dyck Agave avellanidens Trelease Agave horrida Lem. ex Jacobi Agavaceae Agavaceae Agavaceae Agave polianthiflora Gentry Agave bovicornuta Gentry Agave huachucensis Baker Agavaceae Agavaceae Agavaceae Agave polyphylla K.Koch = Agave parryi Engelm. ssp. parryi Agave bracteosa S.Watson ex Engelm. Agavaceae Agavaceae Agave ixtli Karw. ex Salm-Dyck Agave potatorum Zucc. Agavaceae Agave celsii Hook. Agavaceae Agavaceae Agave kaibabensis McKelvey Agave pumila de Smet. ex Baker Agavaceae Agave colorata Gentry Agavaceae Agavaceae = Agave utahensis Engelm. var. kaibabensis (McKelvey) Breitung Agave roezliana Baker Agave cupreata Trel. & A.Berger Agavaceae Agavaceae Agave lecheguilla Torr. Agavaceae Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck Agave debilis (Rose) A.Berger ◆ Weed Agavaceae Agavaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Agave lophantha Schiede X Agave Agave decipiens Baker lecheguilla Torr. Agave schidigera Lem. Agavaceae Agavaceae Agavaceae ◆ Weed Agave macroacantha Zucc. Agave schottii Engelm. Agave deserti Engelm. Agavaceae Agavaceae Agavaceae ◆ Weed Agave mckelveyana Gentry Agave desmettiana Jacobi Agavaceae Agave sebastiana Greene Agavaceae Agavaceae ◆ Weed Agave micracantha Salm-Dyck Agavaceae Agave seemanniana Jacobi Agave echinoides Jacobi Agavaceae Agavaceae Agave mitraeformis Jacobi Agavaceae Agave shawii Engelm. Agave falcata Engelm. Agavaceae Agavaceae Agave multifilifera Gentry Agavaceae Agave shrevei Gentry Agave felgeri Gentry Agavaceae Agavaceae Agave murpheyi F.Gibson Agavaceae Agave sisalana Perrine Agave ferdinandi-regis A.Berger Agavaceae Agavaceae Agave neomexicana Wooton & Standl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Agavaceae Agave filifera Salm-Dyck = Agave parryi Engelm. ssp. Agave sobria Brandegee Agavaceae neomexicana (Woot. & Standl.) Agavaceae Agave flexispina Trel. ex Standl. Ullrich Agave striata Zucc. Agavaceae Agave ocahui Gentry Agavaceae Agave fourcroydes Lem. Agavaceae Agave stricta Salm-Dyck Agavaceae Agavaceae ◆ Weed

26 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Agave tequilana F.A.C.Weber Mill. Agrimonia eupatoria L. Agavaceae Asteraceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 3 Agave titanota Gentry A Agavaceae Ageratum mexicanum Sims Agrimonia leucantha Kunze Asteraceae Rosaceae Agave toumeyana Trel. ex Standl. ◆ Weed - 2A Agavaceae Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. Aglaia odorata Lour. Rosaceae Agave univitatta Haw. ◆ Weed - 3 Agavaceae coronans (Wall. Agrimonia procera Wallr. Agave utahensis Engelm. ex Mett.) Copel. Rosaceae Agavaceae ◆ Weed See: Agave kaibabensis McKelvey Aglaomorpha heraclea (Kunze) Copel. X Agropogon littoralis (Sm.) Agave verschaffeltii Lem. ex Jacobi Polypodiaceae C.E.Hubb. Agavaceae Poaceae Aglaomorpha meyeniana Schott Agave victoriae-reginae T.Moore = stolonifera L. X Polypogon Polypodiaceae Agavaceae monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Aglaomorpha novoguineensis (Brause) See: Polypogon littoralis Smith Agave vilmoriniana A.Berger C.Chr. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Agavaceae Polypodiaceae Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Agave vivipara L. Aglaomorpha pilosa (J.Sm.) Cop. Poaceae Agavaceae Polypodiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 Aglaomorpha splendens (J.Sm.) Cop. Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Agave weberi Cels ex Poisson Polypodiaceae Schult. Agavaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed Aglaonema commutatum Schott ◆ Weed Agave wercklei F.A.C.Weber ex Werckle ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Agropyron distichum (Thunb.) P.Beauv. Agavaceae Poaceae Aglaonema costatum N.E.Br. Agave xylonacantha Salm-Dyck = disticha (Thunb.) Araceae Agavaceae Prokudin ex Á.Löve Aglaonema crispum (Pitcher Agave yaquiana Trel. Agropyron elongatum (Host) P.Beauv. & R.F.Manda) Nicolson Agavaceae Poaceae Araceae = Elytrigia pontica (Podp.) Holub Agave zebra Gentry Aglaonema marantifolium Blume ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Agavaceae Araceae Agropyron fragile (Roth) P.Candargy adenophora (Spreng.) Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engl. Poaceae R.M.King & H.Rob. Araceae See: Agropyron sibiricum (Willd.) Asteraceae P.Beauv. See: Eupatorium glandulosum Michx. Aglaonema nitidum (Jack) Kunth ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Araceae Agropyron glaucum (Desf.) Roem. Ageratina altissima (L.) R.M.King Aglaonema pictum (Roxb.) Kunth & Schult. & H.Rob. Araceae Poaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 See: Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. Agropyron intermedium (Host) P.Beauv. Aglaonema roebelinii Pitcher & Manda ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Poaceae Araceae = Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski Ageratina aromatica (L.) Spach Aglaonema rotundum N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Asteraceae Araceae ◆ Weed Agropyron junceum (L.) P.Beauv. Aglaonema siamense Engl. Poaceae Ageratina ligustrina (DC.) R.M.King Araceae = Elytrigia juncea (L.) Nevski ssp. & H.Rob. juncea Asteraceae Aglaonema simplex Blume ◆ Weed - N Araceae Agropyron obtusiusculum Lange Poaceae (Regel) R.M.King Aglaonema treubii Engl. & H.Rob. Araceae Agropyron pauciflorum (Schwein.) Asteraceae Hitchc. nom. illeg. Agonis flexuosa (Willd.) Sweet See: Eupatorium riparium Regel Poaceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A = trachycaulus (Link) Gould ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A ex Shinners L. Agonis juniperina Schauer Asteraceae Agropyron pseudo-agropyrum Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 (Griseb.) P.Candargy ◆ Weed - Nn Poaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 27 Agropyron pubiflorum (Steud.) Parodi Agrostis canina L. Aidia cochinchinensis Lour. Poaceae Poaceae Rubiaceae = Elymus magellanicus (E.Desv.) ◆ Weed - 1 A altissima (Mill.) Swingle Á.Löve L. Agropyron pungens (Pers.) Roem. Poaceae See: Ailanthus glandulosa Desf. & Schult. See: Agrostis tenuis Sibth. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. = pycnanthum (Godr.) Agrostis castellana Boiss. & Reut. Simaroubaceae Barkworth Poaceae Ailanthus glandulosa Desf. Agropyron pycnanthum (Godr.) Gren. ◆ Weed - 3 Simaroubaceae & Godr. Roth = (Mill.) Swingle Poaceae Poaceae = Thinopyrum pycnanthum (Godr.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Ailanthus malabarica DC. Barkworth Simaroubaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Agrostis hiemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Pogg. Ailanthus vilmoriniana Dode Agropyron rigidum (Schrad.) P.Beauv. Poaceae Simaroubaceae Poaceae = Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Ainsliaea acerifolia Sch.Bip. = Elytrigia pontica (Podp.) Holub Sterns & Pogg. Asteraceae Agropyron riparium Scribn. & J.G.Sm. Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Ainsliaea henryi Diels Poaceae Sterns & Pogg. Asteraceae = Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. Poaceae & J.G.Sm.) Gould See: Agrostis hiemalis (Walter) Ainsliaea triflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Druce Agropyron scabriglume (Hack.) Parodi Britton, Sterns & Pogg. Asteraceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N Aiphanes aculeata Willd. Agropyron semicostatum (Nees Agrostis lachnantha Nees Arecaceae ex Steud.) Boiss. Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Poaceae ◆ Weed = Elymus semicostatum (Nees Agrostis schleicheri Jord. & Verl. Aiphanes caryotifolia (Kunth) ex Steud.) Á.Löve Poaceae H.Wendl. ◆ Weed Arecaceae L. Agropyron sibiricum (Willd.) P.Beauv. Poaceae Aiphanes erosa (Linden) Burret Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Arecaceae = Agropyron fragile (Roth) Aiphanes minima (Gaertn.) Burret P.Candargy ssp. sibiricum (Willd.) Agrostis stricta J.f.Gmel. Arecaceae Melderis Poaceae = Agrostis vinealis Schreb. Aiphanes ulei (Dammer) Burret Agropyron smithii Rydb. Arecaceae Poaceae Agrostis tenuis Sibth. Poaceae = Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) caryophyllea L. = Agrostis capillaris L. Á.Löve Poaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Agrostis vinealis Schreb. Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. Aira cupaniana Guss. Poaceae & J.G.Sm. Poaceae See: Agrostis stricta J.f.Gmel. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ = Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Weed Aira elegantissima Schur Á.Löve Agrostis viridis Gouan Poaceae Poaceae Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 ex H.F.Lewis = Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. ◆ Weed L. Poaceae Poaceae = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould Agrostophyllum montanum Schltr. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 ex Shinners Orchidaceae Aira provincialis Duval-Jouve Agropyron trichophorum (Link) K.Richt. Agrostophyllum parviflorum J.J.Sm. Poaceae Poaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N = Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski Aichryson bollei Webb Aizoon canariense L. Agropyron varnense (Velen.) Hayek Crassulaceae Aizoaceae Poaceae Aichryson laxum (Haw.) Bramwell ◆ Weed = Elytrigia pontica (Podp.) Holub Crassulaceae Ajania pacifica (Nakai) K.Bremer Agrostemma githago L. Aichryson pachycaulon Bolle & Humphries Crassulaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 = Chrysanthemum pacificum Nakai Aichryson porphyrogennetos Bolle Crassulaceae

28 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. distachya J.F.Macbr. setosa Jacq. Lamiaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 = lophantha (Willd.) Albuca shawii Baker A I.C.Nielsen Ajuga genevensis L. Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Lamiaceae Albuca spiralis L. f. ◆ Weed - 1 Albizia harveyi E.Fourn. Liliaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb. ◆ Weed - 3 Albuca transvaalensis Mogg Lamiaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N Albizia julibrissin Durazz. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Albuca wakefieldii Baker Ajuga pyramidalis L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Liliaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Albizia kalkora (Roxb.) Prain Alcantarea geniculata (Wawra) Leguminosae - Mimosaceae J.R.Grant Ajuga reptans L. Bromeliaceae Lamiaceae (L.) Benth. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Alcantarea imperialis (Carriére) ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 J.R.Grant Akebia longeracemosa Matsum. Bromeliaceae Albizia lebbekoides (DC.) Benth. ◆ Weed - 5 Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Alcantarea regina Harms ◆ Weed Bromeliaceae Akebia X pentaphylla (Makino) Makino Albizia odoratissima (L. f.) Benth. Alcantarea vinicolor (E.Pereira & Reitz) Lardizabalaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae J.R.Grant = Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne. Albizia petersiana (Bolle) Oliv. Bromeliaceae X Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Alcea ficifolia L. ◆ Weed (Roxb.) Benth. Malvaceae Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed Lardizabalaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Alcea pallida (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 Albizia saman (Jacq.) F.Müell. Waldst. & Kit. Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Malvaceae Lardizabalaceae = saman (Jacq.) Merr. ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Alcea rosea L. Alamania punicea La Llave & Lex. Albizia stipulata (DC.) Boivin Malvaceae Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae See: Althaea rosea (L.) Cav. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 5 chinense (Lour.) Harms = Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. Alangiaceae Albizia tanganyicensis Baker f. Alcea rugosa Alef. Malvaceae Alangium platanifolium (Sieb. & Zucc.) Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Harms Weed Alcea xanthochlora I.Riedl Alangiaceae Albuca abyssinica Jacq. Malvaceae Alberta magna E.Mey. Liliaceae Alchemilla alpina L. Rubiaceae Albuca altissima Dryand. Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) Liliaceae W.Wight Albuca bainesii Baker Alchemilla bulgarica Rothm. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Liliaceae Rosaceae Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boivin Albuca canadensis (L.) F.M.Leight. Alchemilla conjuncta Bab. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Liliaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - 2 Albizia antunesiana Harms Albuca cooperi Baker Alchemilla crinita Buser Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Liliaceae Rosaceae Albizia austrobrasilica Burkart Albuca fastigiata Dryand. Alchemilla faeroensis (Lange) Buser Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Liliaceae Rosaceae Albizia basaltica (F.Müell.) Benth. Albuca juncifolia Welw. ex Baker Alchemilla glabra Neygenf., non Poiret Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Liliaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. Albuca melleri Baker Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Liliaceae Alchemilla glaucescens Wallr. See: Albizia stipulata (DC.) Boivin Rosaceae Albuca nelsonii N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed Liliaceae Albizia cubana Britton & P.Wilson Alchemilla gorcensis Pawl. Albuca pachychlamys Baker Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Rosaceae Liliaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 29 Alchemilla hessii Rothm. gramineum K.C.Gmel. acuminatum Hook. Rosaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 See: Allium murrayanum Regel A Alchemilla japonica Nakai & Hara ◆ Weed Rosaceae Alisma lanceolata With. Alismataceae Allium affine Ledeb. Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm. = With. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 Allium aflatunense B.Fedtsch. Alisma lanceolatum With. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alchemilla monticola Opiz Alismataceae Rosaceae Allium albopilosum C.H.Wright See: Alisma lanceolata With. ◆ Weed Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Alchemilla rothii Oliv. = Allium cristophii Trautv. Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Rosaceae Alismataceae Allium amabile Stapf Alchemilla splendens H.Christ ex Favrat ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2 - 3 Alliaceae - Liliaceae Rosaceae Alkanna tinctoria Tausch L. Alchemilla vulgaris L. Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Rosaceae ◆ Weed Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Allagopappus dichotomus (L. f.) Cass. Allium amplectens Hook. Alchemilla xanthochlora Rothm. Asteraceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 3 Allagoptera arenaria (Gomes) Kuntze Arecaceae Allium angulosum L. excelsus Gaertn. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allagoptera leucocalyx (Drude) Kuntze ◆ Weed Arecaceae Alectryon grandis Cheeseman Allium anisopodium Ledeb. Sapindaceae Allamanda blanchetii A.DC. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Apocynaceae Alepidea longifolia E.May ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Allium ascalonicum L. nom. ambig. Apiaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allamanda cathartica L. = Allium hierochuntinum Boiss. Aletris foliata (Maxim.) Breau & Franch. Apocynaceae Liliaceae See: Allamanda hendersonii W.Bull Allium atropurpureum Waldst. & Kit. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Aletris luteo-viridis Franch ex Dombrain, Allamanda williamsii ◆ Weed Liliaceae hort. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Allium atroviolaceum Boiss. fordii Hemsl. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Euphorbiaceae Allamanda grandiflora Lam. ◆ Weed = Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw Apocynaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 Allamanda hendersonii W.Bull Allium auctum Omelczuk Alliaceae - Liliaceae Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. ex Dombrain Euphorbiaceae Apocynaceae Allium beesianum W.W.Sm. See: Aleurites triloba J.R.Forst. = Allamanda cathartica L. Alliaceae - Liliaceae & G.Forst. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 5 Allium bodeanum Regel Allamanda neriifolia Hook. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Aleurites montana (Lour.) E.H.Wilson Apocynaceae Euphorbiaceae = Allamanda schottii Pohl Allium bulgaricum (Janka) Prodan = Vernicia montana Lour. ◆ Weed - 2 Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed Allamanda oenotherifolia Pohl Allium caeruleum Pall. Aleurites rockinghamensis (Baill.) Apocynaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed P.I.Forst. Allamanda schottii Pohl Euphorbiaceae Apocynaceae Allium canadense L. Aleurites triloba J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. See: Allamanda neriifolia Hook. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 - 5 = Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. Allamanda violacea Gardner & Fielding Allium carinatum L. ◆ Weed Apocynaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alhagi maurorum Medik. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Allamanda williamsii hort. Allium cepa L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Apocynaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alibertia edulis A.Rich. = Allamanda cathartica L. ◆ Weed - N - 2 Rubiaceae Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara Allium cernuum Roth Aliciella (Gray) J.M.Porter & Grande Alliaceae - Liliaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - 3 See: Gilia leptomeria A.Gray ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5

30 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Allium chamaemoly L. Allium hollandicum R.M.Fritsch Allium pulchellum G.Don Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium chinense G.Don Allium hyalinum Curran Allium pyrenaicum Costa & Vayr. A Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed Allium hymenorrhizum Ledeb. Allium ramosum L. Allium christii Janka Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium jajlae Vved. Weed Allium cowani Lindl. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium rosenbachianum Regel Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium karataviense Regel Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium cratericola Eastw. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium roseum L. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium loratum Baker Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3 Allium cristophii Trautv. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium mairei H.Lèv. Allium rotundum L. See: Allium albopilosum C.H.Wright Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 = Allium scorodoprasum L. ssp. Allium moly L. rotundum (L.) Stearn Allium cristophii Trautv. X Allium Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 3 macleanii Baker ◆ Weed - 2 Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium sativum L. Allium monophyllum Vved. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium cyaneum Regel Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium montanum F.W.Schmidt Allium schoenoprasum L. Allium cyathophorum Bureau & Franch. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium murrayanum Regel ◆ Weed - 3 Allium cyrilli Ten. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium schubertii Zucc. Alliaceae - Liliaceae = Allium acuminatum Hook. Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed Allium narcissiflorum Vill. ◆ Weed Allium dioscoridis Sm. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium scorodoprasum L. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium neapolitanum Cirillo Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium drummondii Regel Alliaceae - Liliaceae See: Allium rotundum L. Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Allium falcifolium Hook. & Arn. Allium nigrum L. Allium senescens L. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed Allium fimbriatum S.Watson Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium obliquum L. Allium siculum Ucria Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium firmotunicatum Fomine L. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium sphaerocephalon L. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium fistulosum L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed - 3 Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium oreophilum C.A.Mey. ◆ Weed - 2 Allium splendens Willd. ex Schult. Alliaceae - Liliaceae & Schult. f. Allium flavum L. ◆ Weed - 2 Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium paniculatum L. ◆ Weed Allium stellatum Fraser ex Ker Gawl. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium geyeri S.Watson ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium paradoxum (M.Bieb.) G.Don Allium stipitatum Regel ◆ Weed Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium giganteum Regel ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Allium strictum Schrad. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium pendulinum Ten. Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium subhirsutum L. ◆ Allium glaciale Vved. Weed - 2 Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium porrum L. ◆ Weed - 2 Allium haematochiton S.Watson Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium tanguticum Regel ◆ Weed - N - 2 Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium X proliferum (Moench) Schrad. Allium helicophyllum Vved. Allium togashii Hara ex Willd. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Allium hierochuntinum Boiss. = Allium fistulosum L. X Allium Allium tricoccum Aiton Alliaceae - Liliaceae cepa L. Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 31 L. Alluaudia dumosa (Drake) Drake Alnus oregona Nutt. Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A = Alnus rubra Bong. A Alluaudia humbertii Choux Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng. Didiereaceae Alnus orientalis Decne. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Betulaceae Alluaudia montagnacii Rauh ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Didiereaceae Alnus pendula Matsum. Allium uniflorum Larran. Betulaceae Alluaudia procera Drake Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed Didiereaceae Allium unifolium Kellogg Alniphyllum fortunei (Hemsl.) Perk. Alnus rhombifolia Nutt. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Styracaceae Betulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Alnus acuminata Kunth Allium ursinum L. Betulaceae Alnus rubra Bong. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Betulaceae ◆ Weed Alnus arguta (Schlecht.) Spach See: Alnus oregona Nutt. Betulaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Allium vavilovii Popov & Vved. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alnus X aschersoniana Call. Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. Betulaceae Betulaceae L. = Alnus incana (L.) Moench ssp. Alliaceae - Liliaceae (Loisel.) Duby rugosa (Du Roi) R.T.Clausen ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Betulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A ◆ Weed - 3 Allium zebdanense Boiss. & Noe Alnus serrulata (Aiton) Willd. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Alnus crispa (Aiton) Pursh Betulaceae Betulaceae Allocassine laurifolia (Harv.) N.Robson = Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC. ◆ Weed Celastraceae ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill Alnus subcordata C.A.Mey. ◆ Weed - 3 muelleriana (Miq.) Betulaceae L.A.S.Johnson Alnus firma Sieb. & Zucc. Alnus tenuifolia Nutt. Betulaceae Betulaceae (Aiton) Alnus formosana (Burkill) Makino = Alnus incana (L.) Moench ssp. L.A.S.Johnson Betulaceae tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Casuarinaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. ◆ Weed - Nn Betulaceae Alnus trabeculosa Hand.-Mazz. Allochrusa gypsophiloides (Regel) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Betulaceae Schischk. Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Turcz. ex Rupr. Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. Caryophyllaceae Betulaceae Betulaceae Allomorphia howellii (Jeffrey See: Alnus crispa (Aiton) Pursh Alnus incana (L.) Moench & W.W.Sm.) Diels ◆ Weed - 3 Betulaceae Melastomataceae See: Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng., Alocasia aequiloba N.E.Br. Allophylus natalensis (Sond.) De Winter Alnus tenuifolia Nutt. Araceae Sapindaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Alocasia X amazonica André Alloplectus cristatus (L.) Mart. Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud. Araceae Gesneriaceae Betulaceae = Alocasia lowii Hook. f. X Alocasia sanderiana W.Bull Alloplectus nummularia (Hanst.) Alnus jorullensis Kunth Wiehler Betulaceae Alocasia argyrea Sander Gesneriaceae Alnus X koehnei Call. Araceae Alloplectus vittatus André Betulaceae Alocasia boa A.Hay Gesneriaceae Alnus maritima (Marshall) Muhl. Araceae Alloschmidia glabrata (Becc.) ex Nutt. Alocasia brancifolia (Schott) A.Hay H.E.Moore Betulaceae Araceae Arecaceae Alnus matsumurae Callier (F.M.Bailey) flammeum P.H.Weston Betulaceae Domin. & Crisp Alnus maximowiczii Callier Araceae ex C.K.Schneid. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 Betulaceae (W.Hill ex F.Müell.) Alocasia brisbanensis (F.M.Bailey) P.H.Weston & Crisp Alnus nepalensis D.Don Domin. X Alocasia crassifolia Engl. Proteaceae Betulaceae Araceae ◆ Weed Alluaudia comosa Drake Alocasia clypeolata A.Hay Didiereaceae Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl. Araceae Betulaceae

32 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Alocasia crassifolia Engl. Alocasia porphyroneura Hallier ballyi Reynolds Araceae ex Engler & K.Krause Aloeaceae = (L.) G.Don Araceae Aloe barbadensis Mill. A (Lour.) G.Don Alocasia portei (Schott) Becc. & Engl. Aloeaceae Araceae Araceae = Aloe vera L. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Alocasia portei Becc. & Engl. X (K.Koch & C.D.Bouche) (Lodd.) Spach Aloe barberae Dyer K.Koch Araceae Aloeaceae Araceae Alocasia pyrospatha A.Hay Aloe barbertoniae Pole-Evans Alocasia flabellifera A.Hay Araceae Aloeaceae Araceae Alocasia robusta M.Hotta Aloe bellatula Reynolds Alocasia gageana Engl. & K.Krause Araceae Aloeaceae Araceae Alocasia sanderiana W.Bull Aloe berhana Reynolds Alocasia gageana Engl. & K.Krause Araceae Aloeaceae X Alocasia odora (G.Lodd.) Spach Alocasia sinuata N.E.Br. Aloe boylei Baker Araceae Araceae Aloeaceae Alocasia hollrungii Engl. Alocasia watsoniana Veitch Aloe branddraaiensis Groenewald Araceae Araceae Aloeaceae Alocasia indica (Lour.) Spach Alocasia wavriniana Mast. Aloe brevifolia Mill. Araceae Araceae Aloeaceae = Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don ◆ Weed Alocasia wentii Engl. & Krause Aloe broomii Schönland Araceae Aloeaceae Alocasia lancifolia Engl. Araceae Aloe aculeata Pole-Evans Aloe buettneri A.Berger Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Alocasia lauterbachiana (Engl.) A.Hay ◆ Weed - 3 Araceae Aloe buhrii Lavr. Aloe acutissima H.Perrier Aloeaceae Alocasia longiloba Miq. X Alocasia Aloeaceae pucciana Ed.Andre Aloe bulbillifera Perr. Araceae Aloe affinis A.Berger Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Alocasia lowii Hook. f. Aloe burgersfortensis Reynolds Araceae Aloe africana Mill. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott Aloe caesia Salm-Dyck Araceae Aloe albiflora Guillaumin Aloeaceae = Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don Aloeaceae = Aloe X principis (Haw.) Stearn [in Australia = Alocasia brisbanensis Aloe alooides (Bolus) Druten Hemsl. (F.M.Bailey) Domin] Aloeaceae Aloeaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Aloe Reynolds Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don Aloeaceae Aloe camperi Schweinf. Araceae Aloeaceae See: Alocasia crassifolia Engl., Aloe andongensis Baker See: Aloe eru A.Berger Alocasia indica (Lour.) Spach, Aloeaceae Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott, Aloe candelabrum A.Berger Aloe antandroi (Decary) H.Perrier Colocasia indica (Lour.) Kunth Aloeaceae Aloeaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Aloe capitata Baker Mill. Alocasia micholitziana Sander Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Araceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A - 5 Aloe castanea Schonl. Alocasia monticola A.Hay Aloeaceae Aloe aristata Haw. Araceae ◆ Weed - 3 Aloeaceae Alocasia nicolsonii A.Hay ◆ Weed Aloe chabaudii Schonl. Araceae Aloeaceae Aloe bainesii Dyer Alocasia odora (G.Lodd.) Spach Aloeaceae Aloe chlorantha Lavranos Araceae Aloeaceae Aloe bakeri Scott-Elliot ◆ Weed Aloeaceae Aloe ciliaris Haw. Alocasia plumbea K.Koch ex Van Aloeaceae Aloe bakeri Scott-Elliot X Aloe Houtte ◆ Weed - N - 2A bellatula Reynolds Araceae Aloeaceae Aloe claviflora Burch. ◆ Weed - 2 Aloeaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 33 Aloe commixta A.Berger Aloe eru A.Berger Aloe juvenna Brandham & S.Carter Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae = Aloe camperi Schweinf. A Aloe commutata Tod. Aloe karasbergensis Pillans Aloeaceae Aloe esculenta L.C.Leach Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe comosa Marloth & A.Berger Aloe kedongensis Reynolds Aloeaceae Aloe excelsa Berger Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe compressa H.Perrier Aloe keithii Reyn. Aloeaceae Aloe ferox Mill. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe comptonii Reynolds Aloe khamiesensis Pillans ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe flexifolia Christian Aloe concinna Bak. Aloeaceae Aloe kilifiensis Christian Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe forsteri Pillans Aloe confusa Todaro Aloeaceae Aloe krapohliana Marloth Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe framesii L.Bolus Aloe conifera H.Perrier ex Bois Aloeaceae Aloe kraussii Baker Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe gariepensis Pillans Aloe cooperi Baker Aloeaceae Aloe lateritia Engl. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe gerstneri Reynolds Aloe cremnophila Reyn. & Bally Aloeaceae Aloe latifolia Haw. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe glauca Mill. Aloe cryptopoda Baker = All. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe lettyae Reynolds Aloe globuligemma Pole-Evans Aloe davyana Schönland Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe lineata (Aiton) Haw. = Aloe greatheadii Schönland Aloe graminicola Reyn. Aloeaceae var. davyana (Schönland) Glen Aloeaceae & D.S.Hardy Aloe littoralis Baker Aloe grandidentata Salm-Dyck Aloeaceae Aloe dawei BGR. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe longistyla Baker Aloe greatheadii Schönland Aloeaceae Aloe decaryi Guillaumin Aloeaceae Aloeaceae See: Aloe davyana Schönland Aloe lutescens Groenewald Aloeaceae Aloe decurva Reynolds Aloe greenii Bak. ◆ Weed - 3 Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe macracantha Baker Aloe deltoideodonta Baker Aloe haemanthifolia Marl. & A.Berger Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe macroclada Baker Aloe descoingsii Reynolds Aloe harlana Reyn. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe maculata All. Aloe dewetii Reynolds Aloe haworthioides Baker Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae See: Aloe latifolia Haw., Aloe dichotoma Masson Aloe hereroensis Engl. Aloe saponaria (Aiton) Haw. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Aloe distans Haw. Aloe humilis (L.) Mill. Aloe marlothii A.Berger Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe divaricata A.Berger Aloe hybrids hort. Aloe meyeri van Jaarsv. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe dolomitica Groenewald Aloe ibitiensis H.Perrier Aloe microstigma Salm-Dyck Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe dyeri Schoenl. Aloe imalotensis Reynolds Aloe millotii Reyn. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe ecklonis Salm-Dyck Aloe intermedia (H.Perrier) Reynolds Aloe minima Bak. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe elgonica Bullock Aloe jacksonii Reynolds Aloe mitriformis Mill. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Aloe erinacea Hardy Aloe jucunda Reyn. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae

34 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Aloe mudenensis Reynolds Aloe rauhii Reynolds Aloe tomentosa DEFL. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe munchii Christian Aloe reitzii Revn. Aloe transvaalensis Kuntze A Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe mutabilis Pillans Aloe rubroviolacea Schweinf. Aloe umfoloziensis Reynolds Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe mutans Reynolds Aloe X runcinata A.Berger Aloe vanbalenii Pillans Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Aloe rupestris Bak. Aloe vandermerwei (Groenew.) Aloe obscura Mill. Aloeaceae Reynolds Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe saponaria (Aiton) Haw. Aloe ortholopha Christian Aloeaceae Aloe vaombe Decorse & Poiss. & Milne-Redh. = Aloe maculata All. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 5 Aloe variegata L. Aloe pachygaster Dinter Aloe saponaria (Ait.) Haw. X Aloe Aloeaceae Aloeaceae striata Haw. Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Aloeaceae Aloe parallelifolia H.Perrier Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe schimperi Tod. See: Aloe barbadensis Mill., Aloeaceae Aloe vulgaris Lam. nom. illeg. Aloe parvibracteata Schonl. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 Aloeaceae Aloe sinkatana Reyn. ◆ Weed - N - 3 Aloeaceae Aloe volkensii Engl. Aloeaceae Aloe peglerae Schoenl. Aloe speciosa Baker Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe vossii Reynolds Aloeaceae Aloe percrassa Tod. Aloe spectabilis Reyn. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe vryheidensis Groenew. Aloeaceae Aloe perryi Baker Aloe spicata L. f. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe vulgaris Lam. nom. illeg. Aloeaceae Aloe petricola Pole-Evans Aloe X spinosissima A.Berger = Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe wickensii Pole-Evans Aloe pictifolia D.S.Hardy Aloe spinulosa Salm.-Dyck. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Aloe pirottae A.Berger Aloe steudneri Schweinf. ex Penzig Aloe X winteri A.Berger Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe plicatilis (L.) Mill. Aloe striata Haw. Aloe zebrina Baker Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloe pluridens Haw. Aloe striata L. X Aloe maculata All. Aloinopsis malherbei (L.Bol.) L.Bolus Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - N Aloe polyphylla Schönland ex Pillans ◆ Weed Aloeaceae Aloe striatula Haw. Aloinopsis peersii L.Bolus Aloeaceae Aloe pratensis Baker Aizoaceae Aloeaceae Aloe succotrina All. Aloinopsis rubrolineata (N.E.Br.) Aloeaceae Aloe pretoriensis Pole-Evans Schwant. ◆ Weed - 5 Aloeaceae Aizoaceae Aloe suprafoliata Pole-Evans Aloe X principis (Haw.) Stearn Aloinopsis schooneesii L.Bolus Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aizoaceae See: Aloe caesia Salm-Dyck Aloe suzannae Decary Aloinopsis spathulata (Thunb.) L.Bolus Aloeaceae Aloe pruinosa Reynolds Aizoaceae Aloeaceae Aloe swynnertonii Rendle. Aloinopsis villetii (L.Bol.) L.Bolus Aloeaceae Aloe pubescens Schischkin Aizoaceae Aloeaceae Aloe tauri L.C.Leach Alonsoa grandiflora Vilmorin Aloeaceae Aloe rabaiensis Rendle Aloeaceae Aloe tenuior Haw. Alonsoa incisifolia Ruiz & Pav. Aloeaceae Aloe ramosissima Pill. Scrophulariaceae Aloeaceae Aloe thraskii Baker ◆ Weed - 2 Aloeaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 35 Alonsoa linearis (Jacq.) Ruiz & Pav. Alpinia formosana K.Schum. Alsophila australis R.Br. Scrophulariaceae Zingiberaceae A Alonsoa meridionalis (L. f.) Kuntze Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw. Alsophila colensoi Hk. f. Scrophulariaceae Zingiberaceae Cyatheaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Alsophila dregei (Kze.) R.Tryon Alonsoa mutisii Steud. Alpinia intermedia Gagnep. Cyatheaceae Scrophulariaceae Zingiberaceae Alsophila kermadecensis (Oliv.) Alonsoa warscewiczii Regel Alpinia japonica (Thunb.) Miq. R.Tryon Scrophulariaceae Zingiberaceae Cyatheaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Alpinia katsumadai Hayata Alsophila smithii (Hook. f.) R.Tryon aequalis Sobol. Zingiberaceae Cyatheaceae Poaceae Alpinia luteo-carpa Elmer Alsophila spinulosa (Wall. ex Hook.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Zingiberaceae R.M.Tryon Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir. Cyatheaceae Alpinia malaccensis (Burm. f.) Roscoe Poaceae Zingiberaceae Alsophila tricolor (Col.) Tyron ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Cyatheaceae Alpinia mutica Roxb. Alopecurus castellanus Boiss. & Reut. Zingiberaceae plumosa Labill. Poaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Apocynaceae L. Alpinia nigra (Gaertn.) B.L.Burtt Alstonia spatulata Blume Poaceae Zingiberaceae Apocynaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Alpinia nutans (L.) Roscoe Alstonia venenata R.Br. Huds. Zingiberaceae Apocynaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 - 5 Alpinia officinarum Hance Alstonia yunnanensis Diels Zingiberaceae Apocynaceae L. Poaceae Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K.Schum. achirae M.Munoz Schick ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Zingiberaceae & Brinck ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Liliaceae Alopecurus ventricosus (Gouan) Huds. Poaceae Alpinia rafflesiana Wall. ex Baker Alstroemeria angustifolia Herb. Zingiberaceae Liliaceae Alophia drummondii (Graham) R.C.Foster Alpinia romburghiana Valeton Alstroemeria aurantiaca D.Don Iridaceae Zingiberaceae Liliaceae See: Herbertia drummondii ◆ Weed Alpinia sanderae Sander ex Mast. (Graham) Small Zingiberaceae Alstroemeria aurea Graham Alophia lahue (Molina) Espinosa ◆ Weed Liliaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Alpinia speciosa (J.C.Wendl.) K.Schum. Alophia veracruzana Goldbl. & Howard Zingiberaceae Alstroemeria crispata Phil. Iridaceae = Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt Liliaceae & R.M.Sm. Aloysia citriodora Palau Alstroemeria diluta E.Bayer ◆ Weed Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Alpinia vittata W.Bull Alstroemeria garaventae E.Bayer Zingiberaceae Aloysia triphylla (L’Hérit.) Britton Liliaceae Verbenaceae Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L.Burtt Alstroemeria graminea Phil. See: Lippia citriodora (Lam.) Kunth & R.M.Sm. Liliaceae ◆ Weed Zingiberaceae See: Alpinia speciosa (J.C.Wendl.) Alstroemeria haemantha Ruiz & Pav. Alphitonia neocaledonica Guillaumin K.Schum. Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 5 = Alstroemeria ligtu L. Alphitonia ponderosa Hbd. ◆ Weed Alsinidendron lychnoides (Hillebr.) Rhamnaceae Sherff Alstroemeria hookeri Sweet Alphitonia zizyphoides (Spreng.) Caryophyllaceae Liliaceae A.Gray Alsinidendron obovatum Sherff Alstroemeria huemulina Ravenna Rhamnaceae Caryophyllaceae Liliaceae Alpinia calcarata Roscoe Alsinidendron trinerve H.Mann Alstroemeria ligtu L. Zingiberaceae Caryophyllaceae Liliaceae Alpinia chinensis Roscoe See: Alstroemeria haemantha Ruiz Alsmithia longipes H.E.Moore Zingiberaceae & Pav. Arecaceae ◆ Weed

36 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Alstroemeria magenta Ehr.Bayer Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) O.Kuntze Alysicarpus ovalifolius (Schumach.) Liliaceae Amaranthaceae J.Leonard See: Alternanthera dentata Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Alstroemeria magnifica Herb. A (Moench) Stuchlik ex R.E.Fries ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Alysicarpus rugosus (Willd.) DC. Alstroemeria modesta Phil. Alternanthera dentata (Moench) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae Stuchlik ex R.E.Fries ◆ Weed - Nn Amaranthaceae Alstroemeria pallida Graham Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. = Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze Liliaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3A Alstroemeria patagonica Phil. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) P.Beauv. Liliaceae Alyssoides graeca (Reuter) Jáv. Amaranthaceae Brassicaceae Alstroemeria paupercula Phil. See: Alternanthera tenella Colla Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Alyssoides utriculata (L.) Medik. Brassicaceae Alstroemeria pelegrina L. Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Liliaceae Griseb. Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. Alstroemeria polyphylla Phil. Amaranthaceae Brassicaceae ◆ ◆ Liliaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3 Alstroemeria pseudospathulata Alternanthera pungens Kunth Alyssum argenteum All. Ehr.Bayer Amaranthaceae Brassicaceae Liliaceae See: Alternanthera repens (L.) Link ◆ Weed nom. illeg. Lehm. Alyssum armenum Boiss. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A - 5 Liliaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A Alternanthera reineckii Briq. Alyssum baldaccii Vierh. ex Nyar. Amaranthaceae Alstroemeria pulchella L. f. Brassicaceae Liliaceae Alternanthera repens (L.) Link nom. Alyssum fallacinum Hausskn. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 illeg. Brassicaceae Amaranthaceae Alstroemeria pulchra Sims = Alternanthera pungens Kunth Alyssum linifolium Stephan ex Willd. Liliaceae ◆ Weed Brassicaceae Alstroemeria recumbens Herb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC. Liliaceae Amaranthaceae Alyssum maritimum (L.) Lam. Alstroemeria revoluta Ruiz & Pav. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Brassicaceae = (L.) Desv. Liliaceae Alternanthera tenella Colla ◆ Weed Alstroemeria schizanthoides J.Grau Amaranthaceae Liliaceae = Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) Alyssum moellendorfianum Ascherson R.Brown ex Roem. & Schult. ex G.Beck Alstroemeria spathulata C.Presl ◆ Weed Brassicaceae Liliaceae Althaea officinalis L. Alyssum montanum L. Alstroemeria spectabilis Ravenna Malvaceae Brassicaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed Alstroemeria timida Ravenna Althaea rosea (L.) Cav. Alyssum murale Waldst. & Kit. Liliaceae Malvaceae Brassicaceae = Alcea rosea L. ◆ Alstroemeria umbellata Meyen Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Liliaceae Alyssum saxatile L. Altingia chinensis (Champ. ex Benth.) Alstroemeria versicolor Ruiz & Pav. Brassicaceae Oliv. ex Hance Liliaceae = Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Alstroemeria werdermannii E.Bayer Alysicarpus bupleurifolius (L.) DC. Liliaceae Alyssum serpyllifolium Desf. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Brassicaceae Alstroemeria zoellneri E.Bayer ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed Liliaceae Alysicarpus glumaceus (Vahl) DC. gynopogon Roem. & Schult. Alternanthera amoena (Lem.) Voss Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Apocynaceae Amaranthaceae ◆ Weed - N Alyxia oliviformis Gaudich. = Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) Alysicarpus longifolius (Rottler Apocynaceae G.Nicholson ex Spreng.) Wight & Arn. Alyxia sinensis Champ. ex Benth. Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) Voss Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Apocynaceae Amaranthaceae ◆ Weed - N See: Alternanthera amoena Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. Amaranthus albus L. (Lem.) Voss Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Amaranthaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 ◆ Weed Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 37 Amaranthus blitoides S.Watson Amaranthus paniculatus L. Ambrosia tenuifolia Spreng. Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Asteraceae A ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 = Amaranthus cruentus L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Amaranthus blitum L. Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus powellii S.Watson ex M.Roem. See: Amaranthus lividus L., Amaranthaceae Rosaceae Amaranthus oleraceus L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 Amaranthus quitensis Kunth Amelanchier arborea (F.Michx.) Amaranthus caudatus L. Amaranthaceae Fernald Amaranthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3 - 5 See: Amelanchier oblongifolia Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Torr. & Gray) M.J.Roem. Amaranthus cruentus L. Amaranthaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Amaranthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 See: Amaranthus paniculatus L. Amelanchier asiatica (Sieb. & Zucc.) Amaranthus spinosus L. ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3A - 5 Endl. ex Walp. Amaranthaceae Rosaceae Amaranthus deflexus L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Amaranthaceae Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik. ◆ Amaranthus tricolor L. Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Rosaceae Amaranthaceae ◆ Weed Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. See: Amaranthus gangeticus L. Amaranthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Amelanchier grandiflora (Wieg.) Wieg. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2A - 3A Rosaceae Amaranthus viridis L. = Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC. Amaranthus frumentaceus Buch.-Ham. Amaranthaceae ex Roxb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Amelanchier laevis Wiegand Amaranthaceae Rosaceae Amarcrinum X memoria-corsii Amaranthus gangeticus L. ◆ Weed - 2 (Ragioneri) H.E.Moore Amaranthaceae Amelanchier lamarckii F.G.Schroed. = Amaranthus tricolor L. Rosaceae ◆ Weed X Amarine tubergenii Sealy = Amelanchier laevis Wieg. X Liliaceae Amaranthus giganticus L. Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) = belladonna L. X Nerine Amaranthaceae . [most probable combination] bowdenii W.Watson ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Amarygia parkeri (W.Watson) Amaranthus graecizans L. Amelanchier oblongifolia (Torr. & Gray) H.E.Moore Amaranthaceae M.J.Roem. Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Rosaceae = Amelanchier arborea (F.Michx.) Amaranthus hybridus L. L. Fernald Amaranthaceae Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Amelanchier ovalis Medik. Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. Amaryllis papilio Ravenna Rosaceae ◆ Amaranthaceae Amaryllidaceae Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Amaryllis belladonna L. X Amelanchier pallida Greene Amaranthus lividus L. moorei Hook. f. Rosaceae Amaryllidaceae Amaranthaceae Amelanchier pumila (Torr. & Gray) = Amaranthus blitum L. ssp. Amberboa moschata (L.) DC. Nutt. ex M.Roem oleraceus (L.) Costea Asteraceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 See: imperialis hort. Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC. ◆ Weed - 2 Amaranthus mantegazzianus Pass. Rosaceae Amaranthaceae Ambrosia arborescens Mill. See: Amelanchier grandiflora (Wieg.) Amaranthus melancholicus L. Asteraceae Wieg. Amaranthaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2A L. Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) K.Koch Amaranthus mitchellii Benth. Asteraceae Rosaceae Amaranthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A - 5 = Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik. ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A X Amelanchier stolonifera Wieg. DC. [most probable combination] Amaranthus muricatus (Moq.) Hieron. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Amaranthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Amelanchier utahensis Koehne DC. Rosaceae Amaranthus oleraceus L. Asteraceae Amaranthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Amellus capensis (Walp.) Hutchinson = Amaranthus blitum L. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2A

38 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Amesiella philippinensis (Ames) Garay albus P.Y.Liu & J.F.Chen Amsinckia calycina (Moris) Chater Orchidaceae Araceae Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Amherstia nobilis Wall. Amorphophallus blumei (Schott) Engl. A Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae nom. inval. Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Araceae Boraginaceae Amicia zygomeris DC. = Amorphophallus muelleri Blume = Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae A.Nels. & J.F.Macbr. var. intermedia Amorphophallus bulbifer (Schott) Blume auriculata Willd. (Fischer & C. Meyer) Ganders Araceae Lythraceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Amorphophallus dunnii Tutcher Amsinckia lycopsoides Lehm. Araceae Ammi majus L. Boraginaceae Apiaceae Amorphophallus henryi N E.Br. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Araceae Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A.Nels. Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. Amorphophallus hohenackeri Engl. & J.F.Macbr. Apiaceae & Gehrm. Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 Araceae See: Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Ammobium alatum R.Br. Amorphophallus kiusianus (Makino) ◆ Weed - N - 3A Asteraceae Makino ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 Araceae Amsonia ciliata Walt. Apocynaceae Ammocharis coccinea Pax Amorphophallus konjac K.Koch Amsonia hubrichtii Woodson Liliaceae Araceae Apocynaceae See: Ammocharis coranica (Ker See: Amorphophallus rivieri Durieu Gawl.) Herb. Amsonia illustris Woods. Amorphophallus laxiflorus N.E.Br. Apocynaceae Ammocharis coranica (Ker Gawl.) Herb. Araceae Amaryllidaceae Amsonia Walter Amorphophallus muelleri Blume = Ammocharis coccinea Pax Apocynaceae Araceae ◆ Weed Ammodendron conollyi Bunge See: Amorphophallus blumei Leguminosae - Papilionaceae (Schott) Engl. nom. inval. Amydrium humile Schott Araceae Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link Amorphophallus rivieri Durieu Poaceae Araceae Amydrium magnificum (Engl.) Nicolson ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 = Amorphophallus konjac K.Koch Araceae ◆ Weed - 2 Ammophila breviligulata Fernald Amydrium medium (Zoll. & Moritzi) Poaceae Amorphophallus sutepensis Gagnep. Nicolson ◆ Weed Araceae Araceae Amomum aculeatum Roxb. Amorphophallus titanum Becc. Amygdalus communis L. Zingiberaceae Araceae Rosaceae = Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb Amomum cardamomum L. Amorphophallus variabilis Blume Zingiberaceae Araceae Amygdalus petunnikowi Litv. = Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton Rosaceae Ampalis mauritiana (Jacq.) Urb. Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton Anacampseros albidiflora Poelln. Zingiberaceae Ampelodesma mauritanica Th.Dur. Amomyrtus luma (Molina) D.Legrand & Schinz Anacampseros arachnoides (Haw.) Sims & Kausel Poaceae Portulacaceae Myrtaceae Ampelopsis aconitifolia Bunge Anacampseros densifolia Dint. See: Myrtus lechleriana (Miq.) Sealy Portulacaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Anacampseros dielsiana Dinter Amorpha canescens Pursh Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Portulacaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae (Maxim.) Trautv. ◆ Weed Anacampseros karasmontana Dinter Vitaceae ex Poelln. Amorpha fruticosa L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Portulacaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy. Anacampseros lubbersii Bleck ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Vitaceae Portulacaceae Amorpha roemeriana Scheele Ampelopsis megalophylla Diels & Gilg Anacampseros namaquensis H.Pearson Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Vitaceae & Stephens See: Amorpha texana Buckl. Portulacaceae Ampelopsis quinquefolia (L.) Michx. Amorpha texana Buckl. Vitaceae Anacampseros papyracea E.Mey. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) ex Fenzl = Amorpha roemeriana Scheele Planch. Portulacaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 39 Anacampseros recurvata Schönland Anagallis tenella (L.) L. Anchusa sempervirens L. Portulacaceae Boraginaceae ◆ Weed = Pentaglottis sempervirens (L.) A Anacampseros retusa Poelln. Tausch ex L.Bailey Portulacaceae Anagyris foetida L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Anchusa undulata L. Anacampseros rufescens (Haw.) Sweet ◆ Weed - N - 3A Boraginaceae Portulacaceae ◆ Weed ananassoides (Baker) L.B.Sm. Anacampseros starkiana Poelln. Bromeliaceae Ancistrocactus crassihamatus Portulacaceae ◆ Weed (F.A.C.Weber) L.D.Benson Anacampseros telephiastrum DC. Ananas bracteatus (Lindl.) Schult. Cactaceae Portulacaceae & Schult. f. = Sclerocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) N.P.Taylor Anacampseros trigona DC. Bromeliaceae Portulacaceae ◆ Weed Ancistrocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) L.D.Benson Anacampseros ustulata E.Mey. ex Fenzl Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Cactaceae Portulacaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A = Sclerocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) Anacardium occidentale L. N.P.Taylor Ananas nanus (L.B.Sm.) L.B.Sm. Ancistrochilus rothschildianus O’Brien ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Bromeliaceae Orchidaceae Anacyclus depressus Ball Ananas sagenaria Schult. f. Ancylobothrys capensis (Oliv.) Pichon Asteraceae Bromeliaceae Apocynaceae Ananassa sativa Lindl. Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Link Bromeliaceae coerulea R.Br. Asteraceae Epacridaceae Anapalina caffra (Baker) G.J.Lewis Anacyclus radiatus Loisel. Iridaceae Andira inermis (W.Wright) Kunth Asteraceae ex DC. ◆ Weed - N - 3 Anaphalis hellwigii Warb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae Anadenanthera (Vell.) Brenan ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. Androcymbium ciliolatum Schltr. & Hook. f. Anadendrum microstachyum (de & K.Krause Asteraceae Vriese & Miq.) Backer Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 & Alderw. Androcymbium circinatum Baker Araceae Anaphyllum wightii Schott Liliaceae Araceae Anagallis arvensis L. Androcymbium dregei C.Presl Primulaceae Anastatica hierochuntica L. Liliaceae See: Anagallis parviflora Hoffm. Brassicaceae & Link ◆ Weed Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) ◆ Wall. ex Nees Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Anastrabe integerrima E.Mey ex Benth. Acanthaceae Anagallis foemina Mill. Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A Primulaceae Anchomanes difformis (Blume) Engl. ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Araceae Andromeda polifolia L. Ericaceae Anagallis linifolia L. Anchusa arvensis (L.) M.Bieb. ◆ Weed Primulaceae Boraginaceae = Anagallis monelli L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 Andropogon chrysostachyus Steud. Poaceae Anagallis minima (L.) E.H.L.Krause Anchusa azurea Mill. Primulaceae Boraginaceae Andropogon citratus DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 See: Anchusa italica Retz. Poaceae ◆ = Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Anagallis monelli L. Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Primulaceae Anchusa capensis Thunb. Andropogon distachyos L. See: Anagallis linifolia Boraginaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - N Anagallis parviflora Hoffm. & Link Anchusa italica Retz. Andropogon gayanus Kunth Primulaceae Boraginaceae Poaceae = Anagallis arvensis L. = Anchusa azurea Mill. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A ◆ Weed - 3 Anagallis pumila Sw. Andropogon gerardii Vitman Primulaceae Anchusa myosotidiflora Lehm. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Anagallis serpens Hochst. ex A.DC. Anchusa officinalis L. Andropogon hallii Hack. Primulaceae Boraginaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed

40 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Andropogon ischaemum L. Androsace vandellii (Turra) Chiovenda crinita Juz. Poaceae Primulaceae Ranunculaceae = Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng Androsace villosa L. Anemone cylindrica A.Gray A Andropogon martinii Roxb. Primulaceae Ranunculaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Androsace wulfeniana (Siebold) = Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Reichenbach Anemone decapetala Ard. J.F.Watson Primulaceae Ranunculaceae Andropogon paniculatus Lam. Andryala agardhii Haenseler ex DC. Anemone drummondii S.Watson Poaceae Asteraceae Ranunculaceae Andropogon schimperi Hochst. Andryala integrifolia L. Anemone flaccida F.Schmidt ex A.Rich. Asteraceae Ranunculaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2A Aneilema aequinoctiale (P.Beauv.) Anemone X fulgens (DC.) J.Gay Andropogon schinzii Hack. Kunth ex Rchb. Poaceae Commelinaceae Ranunculaceae Andropogon schoenanthus L. = Anemone hortensis L. X Anemone Aneilema beniniense (P.Beauv.) Kunth Poaceae pavonina Lam. Commelinaceae ◆ Weed Andropogon scoparius Michx. ◆ Weed - 3 Poaceae Anemone globosa (Torr. & Gray) Nutt. Aneilema forskalei Kunth = Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) ex Pritz. Commelinaceae Nash Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed Aneilema papuanum Warb. = Anemone multifida Poir. var. Commelinaceae hudsoniana DC. Andropogon virginicus L. Poaceae Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge Anemone halleri All. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Liliaceae Ranunculaceae Andropogon zizanioides (L.) Urb. Anemia mexicana Klotzsch Anemone hortensis L. Poaceae Saururaceae Ranunculaceae = Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Anemia phyllitidis (L.) Sw. Anemone hupehensis Lemoine Roberty Saururaceae Ranunculaceae Androsace carnea L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Anemia tomentosa (Sav.) Sw. Primulaceae Saururaceae Anemone hupehensis Lemoine X Androsace chaixii Gren. & Godron Anemone vitifolia Buch.-Ham. Anemone altaica Fisch. ex C.A.Mey. Primulaceae ex DC. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Androsace geraniifolia Watt Anemone apennina L. = Anemone X hybrida Pax. Primulaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Androsace lactea L. ◆ Weed - 2 Anemone X hybrida Pax. Primulaceae Anemone baldensis L. Ranunculaceae Androsace lactiflora Pall. Ranunculaceae = Anemone hupehensis (Lem.) Lem. Primulaceae X Anemone vitifolia Buch. ex Ham. Anemone berlandieri Pritz. ◆ Weed - 3 ex DC. Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Androsace laevigata (A.Gray) Anemone blanda Schott & Kotschy Wendelbo Anemone japonica (Thunb.) Sieb. Ranunculaceae Primulaceae & Zucc. ◆ Weed - 2 Ranunculaceae Androsace lanuginosa Wall. Anemone canadensis L. Primulaceae Anemone X lesseri Wehrh. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Androsace obtusifolia Allioni ◆ Weed - 2 Primulaceae Anemone leveillei Ulbr. Anemone cernua Thunb. Ranunculaceae Androsace rotundifolia Hardw. Ranunculaceae Primulaceae = Pulsatilla cernua (Thunb.) Bercht. Anemone X lipsiensis Beck ◆ Weed - 3 & J.Presl Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed Androsace sarmentosa Wallich. Anemone magellanica Wehrh. Primulaceae Anemone coronaria L. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Androsace sempervivoides Jacq. Anemone mexicana Kunth ◆ Weed - 2 Primulaceae Ranunculaceae Anemone coronaria L. X Anemone Androsace septentrionalis L. Anemone montana Hoppe pavonina Lam. Primulaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 41 Anemone multifida Poir. Anemone vitifolia Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Angelica ursina (Rupr.) Maxim. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Apiaceae See: Anemone globosa (Torr. & Gray) A Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Spach Angelonia angustifolia Benth. Nutt. ex Pritz. Ranunculaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Anemonopsis macrophylla Sieb. Anemone narcissiflora L. & Zucc. Angelonia salicariifolia Bonpl. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Scrophulariaceae Anemone nemorosa L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Anemopaegma chamberlaynii (Sims) Ranunculaceae Bureau & K.Schum. (G.Forst.) Hoffm. ◆ Weed Anemone palmata L. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. Ranunculaceae & Arn. Angolluma baldratii (A.C.White Anemone patens L. Saururaceae & B.Sloane) D.C.H.Plowes Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Asclepiadaceae = Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. Anethum graveolens L. Angolluma deflersiana (Lavranos) Anemone pavonina Lam. Apiaceae Plowes Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3A - 5 Asclepiadaceae Anemone polyanthes D.Don Anethum sowa Roxb. ex Fleming Angolluma foetida (M.G.Gilbert) Ranunculaceae Apiaceae D.C.H.Plowes Asclepiadaceae Anemone pratensis L. Angelica acutiloba (Sieb. & Zucc.) Kitag. Ranunculaceae Apiaceae Angolluma gemugofana (M.G.Gilbert) Plowes Anemone protracta (Ulbr.) Juz. Angelica archangelica L. Asclepiadaceae Ranunculaceae Apiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Angolluma hesperidum (Maire) Plowes Anemone pulsatilla L. Asclepiadaceae Ranunculaceae Angelica atropurpurea L. = Pulsatilla vulgaris Miller Apiaceae Angolluma laticorona (M.G.Gilbert) ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Plowes Asclepiadaceae Anemone ranunculoides L. Angelica dahurica (Fisch.) Benth. Ranunculaceae & Hook. f. ex Franch. & Sav. Angolluma rogersii (L.Bolus) ◆ Weed - 2 Apiaceae D.C.H.Plowes Asclepiadaceae Anemone riparia Fernald Angelica dawsonii S.Wats. Ranunculaceae Apiaceae Angolluma wissmannii (O.Schwartz) = Anemone virginiana L. var. alba D.C.H.Plowes Angelica gigas Nakai (Oakes) Alph. Wood Asclepiadaceae Apiaceae Anemone rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex DC. cordifolia Cav. Angelica glauca Edgew. Ranunculaceae Myrtaceae Apiaceae Anemone X seemannii hort. Angophora lanceolata Cav. Angelica hendersonii Coult. & Rose Ranunculaceae Myrtaceae Apiaceae = Anemone nemorosa Angraecum calceolus Thouars L. X Anemone ranunculoides L. Angelica pachycarpa Lange Orchidaceae and other Anemone species Apiaceae ◆ Weed Angraecum compactum Schltr. Anemone sibirica L. Orchidaceae Ranunculaceae Angelica pubescens Maxim. Apiaceae Angraecum distichum Lindl. Anemone slavica Reuss Orchidaceae Ranunculaceae Angelica purpurascens (Avé-Lall.) Gilli Apiaceae Angraecum eburneum Bory Anemone sylvestris L. Orchidaceae Ranunculaceae Angelica rosaefolia Hook. ◆ Weed - 2 Apiaceae Angraecum eichlerianum Kraenzl. Orchidaceae Anemone tetrasepala Royle Angelica setchuenensis Diels Ranunculaceae Apiaceae Angraecum erectum Summerh. Orchidaceae Anemone tomentosa (Maxim.) C.Péi Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels Ranunculaceae Apiaceae Angraecum florulentum Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Anemone virginiana L. Angelica sylvestris L. Ranunculaceae Apiaceae Angraecum humile Summerh. See: Anemone riparia Fernald ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Angelica triquinata Michx. Angraecum infundibulare Lindl. Apiaceae Orchidaceae

42 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Angraecum magdalenae Schltr. X atemoya D.J.Mabberley Anomalesia cunonia (L.) N.E.Br. & Perrier Iridaceae Orchidaceae = Annona cherimola P.Mill. Anomalesia saccata (Klatt) Goldblatt A X L. Angraecum mauritianum (Poir.) Frapp. Iridaceae Orchidaceae Annona cherimola Mill. Anomalesia splendens (Sweet) N.E.Br. Annonaceae Angraecum minus Summerh. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Orchidaceae Anomatheca cruenta Lindl. Annona cherimola Mill. X Annona Angraecum philippinense Ames Iridaceae squamosa L. Orchidaceae Annonaceae Anomatheca fistulosa (Sprengel Angraecum sesquipedale Thouars ex Klatt) Goldblatt Annona coriacea Mart. Orchidaceae Iridaceae Annonaceae Angraecum subulatum Lindl. ◆ Weed Anomatheca grandiflora Baker Orchidaceae Iridaceae L. Angraecum veitchii hort. Annonaceae Anomatheca laxa (Thunb.) Goldblatt Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5A Iridaceae = Angraecum sesquipedale Bory See: laxa (Thunb.) Goldblatt Annona montana Macfad. X Angraecum eburneum Thouars & J.C.Manning, laxa Annonaceae (Thunb.) N.E.Br. Anguloa clowesii Lindl. ◆ Annona muricata L. Weed - N - 1A - 2A Orchidaceae Annonaceae Anomatheca viridis (Aiton) Goldblatt Anguloa uniflora Ruiz & Pav. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Iridaceae Orchidaceae Annona purpurea Moc. & Sesse See: Freesia viridis (Aiton) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning manglesii D.Don ex Dunal Annonaceae Anonidium mannii (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed Annonaceae Anisacanthus quadrifidus (Vahl) Nees L. Anredera baselloides (Kunth) Baill. Acanthaceae Annonaceae Basellaceae See: Anisacanthus wrightii (Torr.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A See: Boussingaultia baselloides Kunth A.Gray ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Annona scleroderma Saff. Anisacanthus thurberi (Torr.) A.Gray Annonaceae (Ten.) Steenis Acanthaceae Basellaceae Annona squamosa L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Anisacanthus wrightii (Torr.) A.Gray Annonaceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 Ansellia africana Lindl. = Anisacanthus quadrifidus (Vahl) Orchidaceae Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl. Nees var. wrightii (Torr.) Henr. Malvaceae Ansellia nilotica (Baker) N.E.Br. Anisodontea capensis (L.) D.M.Bates ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Orchidaceae Malvaceae Anoectochilus koshunensis Hayata Antegibbaeum fissoides (Haw.) ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Cl.Weber Anisodontea elegans (Cav.) D.M.Bates Aizoaceae Anoectochilus lanceolatus Lindl. Malvaceae Orchidaceae Antennaria carpatica (Wahlenb.) Bluff Anisodontea julii (Burch. ex DC.) & Fingerh. Anoectochilus reinwardtii Blume D.M.Bates Asteraceae Orchidaceae Malvaceae Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn. Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. Anisodontea scabrosa (L.) D.Bates Asteraceae Orchidaceae ◆ Malvaceae Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Anoectochilus sandvicensis Lindl. Antennaria linearifolia Wedd. Orchidaceae Anisotome aromatica Hook. f. Asteraceae Apiaceae Anoectochilus siamensis Schltr. Antennaria microphylla Rydb. Orchidaceae Asteraceae Anisotome haastii Cockayne & Laing Apiaceae Anoectochilus sikkimensis King & Pantl. Antennaria parviflora Nutt. Orchidaceae Asteraceae Anisotome lyallii Hook. f. Apiaceae Anoectochilus vitiensis Rolfe Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. Orchidaceae Asteraceae Anneliesia candida (Lindl.) Brieger ◆ Weed & Lückel Anogramma chaerophylla (Desv.) Link Orchidaceae Pteridaceae Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richardson Anneslea fragrans Wall. Anoiganthus breviflorus (Harv.) Baker Asteraceae Theaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 3

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 43 Antennaria rosea Greene Anthericum liliago L. Anthurium atropurpureum Asteraceae Liliaceae R.E.Schultes & Maguire A ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Araceae Antennaria umbrinella Rydb. Anthericum ramosum L. Anthurium bakeri Hook. f. Asteraceae Liliaceae Araceae ◆ Weed - 2 Antenoron virginianum (L.) Roberty Anthurium bellum Schott & Vautier Anthericum subpetiolatum Baker Araceae Polygonaceae Liliaceae Anthurium berriozabalense Matuda = Polygonum virginianum L. Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) Araceae arvensis L. A.Rich. ex Walp. Anthurium bogotense Schott Asteraceae Rubiaceae Araceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N Anthurium X chelseiensis N.E.Br. Anthemis biebersteiniana K.Koch Anthocercis frondosa (Miers) Araceae Asteraceae J.M.Black Solanaceae Anthurium clarinervium Matuda Anthemis carpatica Waldst. & Kit. Araceae ex Willd. Anthocleista grandiflora Gilg. Asteraceae Anthurium clavigerum Poepp. = Anthemis cretica L. ssp. carpatica Araceae Anthogonium gracile Wall. ex Lindl. (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Grierson Orchidaceae Anthurium colonicum K.Krause Anthemis L. Araceae Antholyza ringens L. Asteraceae Iridaceae Anthurium comtum Schott. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Araceae Anthemis cretica L. Anthospermum usambarense Anthurium cordatum (L.) Schott Asteraceae K.Schum. Araceae See: Anthemis carpatica Waldst. Rubiaceae & Kit. ex Willd. Anthurium coriaceum (Graham) ◆ Weed amarum Brot. G.Don Poaceae Araceae Anthemis cupaniana Tod. ex Nyman ◆ Weed Asteraceae Anthurium corrugatum Sodiro Boiss. Araceae Anthemis graveolens Boiss. Poaceae Asteraceae Anthurium croatii Madison ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed Araceae L. Anthemis maritima L. Anthurium crystallinum Lindl. & André Poaceae Asteraceae Araceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed Anthurium cuspidatum Mast. Anthriscus caucalis M.Bieb. Anthemis marschalliana Willd. Araceae Apiaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 Anthurium digitatum (Jacq.) Schott Anthemis montana L. Araceae Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. Asteraceae Apiaceae Anthurium dressleri Croat ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Araceae Anthemis nobilis L. Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. Anthurium forgetii N.E.Br. Asteraceae Apiaceae Araceae = Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 ◆ Weed Anthurium formosum Schott Anthurium acaule (Hook.) Schott Araceae Anthemis punctata Vahl Araceae Asteraceae Anthurium friedrichsthalii Schott ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Araceae Anthurium amnicola Dressler Anthemis sosnovskyana Fed. Anthurium giganteum Engl. Araceae Asteraceae Araceae Anthurium andicola Liebm. Anthemis tinctoria L. Anthurium gracile (Rudge) Lindl. Araceae Asteraceae Araceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3 Anthurium andraeanum Linden Anthurium grande Sodiro Araceae Anthephora pubescens Nees Araceae ◆ Weed Poaceae Anthurium halmoorei Croat ◆ Weed Anthurium antioquiense Engl. Araceae Araceae Anthericum falcatum L. f. Anthurium harrisii (Graham) G.Don Liliaceae Anthurium armeniense Croat Araceae Araceae

44 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Anthurium hoffmannii Schott Anthurium pseudospectabile Croat Anthyllis montana L. Araceae Araceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Anthurium hookeri Kunth Anthurium radicans K.Koch & Haage Anthyllis vulneraria L. A Araceae Araceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N Anthurium X hortulanum Birdsey Anthurium ramonense Engl. Araceae ex K.Krause bunias (L.) Spreng. See: Anthurium scherzerianum hort. Araceae Euphorbiaceae Anthurium imperiale Miq. ex Schott Anthurium regale Linden Antidesma montanum Blume Araceae Araceae Euphorbiaceae Anthurium interruptum Sodiro Anthurium salvadorense Croat Antidesma pentandrum (Blanco) Merr. McPherson Araceae Euphorbiaceae Araceae Anthurium salviniae Hemsley Antidesma venosum E.Mey. ex Tul. Anthurium lentii Croat & Baker Araceae Euphorbiaceae McPherson Anthurium sanctifidense Croat Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. Araceae Araceae Polygonaceae ◆ Anthurium leuconeurum Lem. Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engl. Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Araceae Araceae Antimima evoluta (N.E.Br.) Anthurium lilacinum G.S.Bunting Anthurium scherzerianum hort. H.E.K.Hartmann Araceae Araceae Aizoaceae Anthurium lindenianum Engl. = Anthurium X hortulanum Birdsey Antimima fenestrata (L.Bolus) Araceae Anthurium schlechtendalii Kunth H.E.K.Hartmann Aizoaceae Anthurium llanense Croat Araceae Araceae See: Anthurium tetragonum Hook. Antimima turneriana (L.Bolus) ex Schott H.E.K.Hartmann Anthurium longilaminatum Engl. Aizoaceae Araceae Anthurium seibertii Croat & R.Baker Araceae Antirrhinum asarina L. Anthurium luteynii Croat Scrophulariaceae Araceae Anthurium splendidum Bull Araceae Antirrhinum barrelieri Bor Anthurium X macrolobium W.Bull Scrophulariaceae Araceae Anthurium superbum Madison Araceae ◆ Weed - 5 Anthurium magnificum Linden Antirrhinum braun-blanquetii Rothm. Araceae Anthurium tarapotense Engl. Araceae Scrophulariaceae Anthurium nymphaeifolium K.Koch Antirrhinum hispanicum Chav. & Bouche Anthurium testaceum Croat & Baker Scrophulariaceae Araceae McPherson Araceae Antirrhinum majus L. Anthurium ornatum Schott Scrophulariaceae Araceae Anthurium tetragonum Hook. ex Schott Araceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Anthurium ovatifolium Engl. = Anthurium schlechtendalii Kunth Antirrhinum nuttallianum Benth. Araceae Anthurium upalaense Croat & R.Baker Scrophulariaceae Anthurium pachylaminum Croat Araceae = Sairocarpus nuttallianus (Benth. Araceae ex A.DC.) D.A.Sutton Anthurium veitchii Mast. Anthurium paraguayense Engl. Araceae Antirrhinum sempervirens Lapeyr. Araceae Scrophulariaceae Anthurium verapazense Hemsl. Anthurium pedatoradiatum Schott Araceae Antirrhinum siculum Mill. Araceae Scrophulariaceae Anthurium vittariifolium Engl. ◆ Weed Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) Araceae G.Don Anubias afzelii Schott Anthurium warocqueanum Moore Araceae Araceae Araceae Anthurium podophyllum Kunth Anubias barteri Schott Anthurium willdenowii Kunth Araceae Araceae Araceae Anthurium polyschistum R.E.Schult. Anubias congensis N.E.Br. Anthyllis barba-jovis L. & Idrobo Araceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Araceae ◆ Weed - N Anubias gigantea A.Cheval. Anthurium polystictum Sod. Araceae Anthyllis boisseri Sagorski Araceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Anubias gracilis A.Cheval. Araceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 45 Anubias hastifolia Engl. Apium prostratum Labill. Appendicula elegans Rchb. f. Araceae Apiaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - Nn A Anubias heterophylla Engl. Appendicula pendula Blume Araceae Apluda mutica L. Orchidaceae Poaceae Anubias lanceolata N.E.Br. Appendicula reflexa Blume ◆ Weed - N - 3 Araceae Orchidaceae Apocynum cannabinum L. Anubias nana Engl. Aprevalia floribunda Baill. Apocynaceae Araceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 - 5 interrupta (L.) P.Beauv. Aptenia cordifolia (L. f.) Schwantes Apodytes branchystylis F.Müell. Poaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Apodytes dimidiata E.Mey. ex Bernh. aspera (Thunb.) Planch. Aptenia lancifolia L.Bolus Icacinaceae Celtidaceae Aizoaceae Apollonias barbujana (Cav.) Bornm. ◆ Weed - 5 Aphanes arvensis L. Lauraceae Rosaceae Aptosimum procumbens (Lehm.) Steud. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 boivinianus Baill. ex Jum. Scrophulariaceae Aponogetonaceae Aphanes inexpectata Lippert Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F.Macbr. Rosaceae Aponogeton capuronii H.W.E.van Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Bruggen Aquilaria filaria (Oken) Merr. Aponogetonaceae Aphanes microcarpa (Boiss. & Reuter) Rothm. Aponogeton crispum Thunb. Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. Rosaceae Aponogetonaceae Thymelaeaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 L. f. Aquilegia akitensis Huth Aphelandra aurantiaca Lindl. Aponogetonaceae Ranunculaceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Aquilegia alpina L. Aphelandra chamissoniana Nees Aponogeton fenestrale Hook. f. Ranunculaceae Acanthaceae Aponogetonaceae Aquilegia atrata W.D.J.Koch Aphelandra deppeana Schlechtend. Aponogeton henckelianus Krause Ranunculaceae & Cham. Aponogetonaceae ◆ Weed Acanthaceae Aponogeton longiplumulosus Aquilegia aurea Janka Aphelandra liboniana Linden ex Hook. f. H.W.E.van Bruggen Ranunculaceae Acanthaceae Aponogetonaceae Aquilegia barnebyi Munz Aphelandra schiedeana Schltdl. Aponogeton madagascariensis (Mirb.) Ranunculaceae & Cham. H.Bruggen Acanthaceae Aponogetonaceae Aquilegia bertolonii Schott Ranunculaceae Aphelandra sinclairiana Nees Aponogeton ulvaceus Baker Acanthaceae Aponogetonaceae Aquilegia buergeriana Sieb. & Zucc. Ranunculaceae Aphelandra squarrosa Nees Aponogeton undulatus Roxb. Acanthaceae Aponogetonaceae Aquilegia caerulea E.James Ranunculaceae Aphelandra tetragona (Vahl) Nees Apoplanesia paniculata C.Presl. Acanthaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aquilegia californica Hartw. Ranunculaceae Apicra deltoidea (Hook. f.) Baker Aporocactus flagelliformis (L.) Lem. = Aquilegia formosa Fisch. var. Aloeaceae Cactaceae truncata (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Baker See: Aporocactus flagriformis (Zucc. Apios americana Medik. ex Pfeiff.) Lem., Disocactus Aquilegia canadensis L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae flagelliformis (L.) Barthlott Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Aporocactus flagriformis (Zucc. Apium australe Thou. ex Pfeiff.) Lem. Aquilegia chaplinei Standl. ex Payson Apiaceae Cactaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed = Aporocactus flagelliformis (L.) Lem. = Aquilegia chrysantha A.Gray var. Apium graveolens L. chaplinei (Standl. ex Payson) Lott Aporocactus martianus Britton & Rose Apiaceae Cactaceae Aquilegia chrysantha A.Gray ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Ranunculaceae Appendicula anceps Blume Apium petroselinum L. See: Aquilegia chaplinei Standl. Orchidaceae Apiaceae ex Payson = Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Appendicula cornuta Blume Aquilegia coerulea E.James A.W.Hill Orchidaceae Ranunculaceae

46 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Aquilegia X cultorum Bergmans Aquilegia oxysepala Trautv. & C.A.Mey. Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Brassicaceae See: Aquilegia X hybrida hort. = Turritis glabra L. Aquilegia pyrenaica DC. A ◆ Weed - 3 Aquilegia desertorum (M.E.Jones) Ranunculaceae Cockerell ex Heller ◆ Weed Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. Ranunculaceae Brassicaceae Aquilegia rockii Munz ◆ Weed Aquilegia discolor Levier & Leresche Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Arabis holboellii Hornem. Aquilegia saximontana Rydb. Brassicaceae Aquilegia ecalcarata Maxim. Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed Ranunculaceae Aquilegia scopulorum Tidestrom See: Semiaquilegia ecalcarata Arabis muralis Bertol. Ranunculaceae (Maxim.) Sprague & Hutch. Brassicaceae Aquilegia shockleyi Eastw. Aquilegia einseleana F.W.Schultz Arabis procurrens Waldst. & Kit. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Brassicaceae = Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ◆ Weed - 2 Aquilegia elegantula Greene Aquilegia sibirica Lam. Ranunculaceae Arabis soyeri Reut. & Huet Ranunculaceae Brassicaceae Aquilegia eximia Van Houtte ex Planch. Aquilegia skinneri Hook. Ranunculaceae Arabis stelleri DC. Ranunculaceae Brassicaceae Aquilegia flabellata Sieb. & Zucc. Aquilegia thalictrifolia Schott & Kotschy Ranunculaceae Arabis turrita L. Ranunculaceae Brassicaceae Aquilegia flavescens S.Watson Aquilegia triternata Payson ◆ Weed - 2 Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Arabis vochinensis Spreng. Aquilegia formosa Fisch. Aquilegia viridiflora Pall. Brassicaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae See: Aquilegia californica Hartw., Arachis diogoi Hoehne ◆ Weed Aquilegia shockleyi Eastw. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aquilegia vulgaris L. Aquilegia fragrans Benth. Arachis duranensis Krapov. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae & W.C.Greg. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aquilegia glandulosa Fisch. ex Link Aquilegia yabeana Kitag. Ranunculaceae Arachis glabrata Benth. Ranunculaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aquilegia grata F.Maly ex Zimmeter ◆ Weed Ranunculaceae Arachis hypogaea L. (L.) Heynh. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aquilegia X hybrida hort. Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A = Aquilegia X cultorum Bergmans Arachis monticola Krapov. & Rigoni Arabis albida Stev. ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Brassicaceae Aquilegia jonesii Parry = Arabis alpina L. ssp. caucasica Arachis nambyquarae Hoehne Ranunculaceae (Willd.) Briq. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aquilegia karelinii (Baker) O.Fedtsch. Arabis alpina L. Arachis paraguariensis Chodat & Hassl. & B.Fedtsch. Brassicaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ranunculaceae See: Arabis albida Stev., Arabis Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C.Greg. caucasica Willd. Aquilegia longissima A.Gray Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Arabis androsacea Fenzl Aquilegia micrantha Eastw. Arachis prostrata Benth. Brassicaceae Ranunculaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Arabis blepharophylla Hook. & Arn. ◆ Weed - 2 Aquilegia moorcroftiana Wall. ex Royle Brassicaceae Ranunculaceae Arachis pusilla Benth. Arabis bryoides Boiss. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aquilegia nevadensis Boiss. & Reut. Brassicaceae Ranunculaceae Arachis repens Handro Arabis caucasica Willd. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aquilegia nigricans Baumg. Brassicaceae Ranunculaceae Arachniodes carvifolia (Kunze) Ching = Arabis alpina L. ssp. caucasica Dryopteridaceae Aquilegia olympica Boiss. (Willd.) Briq. Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Arachniodes dimorphophylla (Hayata) ◆ Weed - 2 Ching Arabis ferdinandi-coburgi J.Kellerer Dryopteridaceae Aquilegia ottonis Orph. ex Boiss. & Sünd. Ranunculaceae Brassicaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 47 Arachniodes miqueliana (Maxim. sieboldii K.Koch rulei F.Müell. ex Franch. & Sav.) Ohwi Araliaceae Araucariaceae Dryopteridaceae = japonica (Thunb.) Decne. A Araucaria scopulorum de Laub. & Planch. Arachniodes simplicior (Makino) Ohwi Araucariaceae Dryopteridaceae L. Araucaria subulata Vieill. ◆ Weed Araliaceae Araucariaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Arachniodes standishii (T.Moore) Ohwi Araujia hortorum Fourn. Dryopteridaceae Aralia stipulata Franch. Asclepiadaceae Araliaceae Arachnis beccarii Rchb. f. = Araujia sericifera Brot. See: L. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 1A Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze Arachnis cathcarthii J.J.Smith Araucariaceae Araujia sericifera Brot. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Asclepiadaceae See: Araujia hortorum Fourn. Arachnis clarkei (Rolfe) J.J.Sm. Araucaria araucana (Molina) K.Koch ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Orchidaceae Araucariaceae Arbutus andrachne L. Arachnis flos-aeris (L.) Rchb. f. ◆ Weed - 2 Ericaceae Orchidaceae Araucaria beccarii Warb. ◆ Weed Arachnis hookeriana (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. Araucariaceae Arbutus X andrachnoides Link Orchidaceae Araucaria bernieri Buchh. Ericaceae Arachnis maingayi (Hook. f.) Schltr. Araucariaceae = Arbutus andrachne L. X Arbutus Orchidaceae Araucaria biramulata Buchh. unedo L. ◆ Weed - 2 Araeococcus flagellifolius Harms Araucariaceae Bromeliaceae Araucaria cookii R.Br. ex Lindl. Arbutus arizonica (A.Gray) Sarg. Ericaceae Araeococcus micranthus Brongn. Araucariaceae Bromeliaceae = Araucaria columnaris (G.Forst.) Arbutus canariensis Duhamel Hook. Ericaceae Araiostegia hymenophylloides Cop. ◆ Weed Davalliaceae Araucaria columnaris (G.Forst.) Hook. Araucariaceae Arbutus glandulosa Mart. & Galeotti Aralia cachemirica Decne. See: Araucaria cookii R.Br. ex Lindl. Ericaceae Araliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Arbutus menziesii Pursh S.Watson Araucaria excelsa (Lamb.) R.Br. Ericaceae Araliaceae Araucariaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 = Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Arbutus pavarii Pamp. Aralia chinensis L. Franco Ericaceae Araliaceae Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco = Aralia stipulata Franch. Araucariaceae Arbutus unedo L. ◆ Weed - 2 See: Araucaria excelsa (Lamb.) R.Br. Ericaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Aralia continentalis Kitag. Araliaceae Araucaria humboldtensis Buchh. Arbutus xalapensis Kunth Araucariaceae Ericaceae Thunb. Araliaceae Araucaria hunsteinii K.Schum. granulosa (Labill.) & Hollrung I.C.Nielsen (Miq.) Seem. Araucariaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Araliaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 alexandrae (F.Müell.) Araucaria imbricata Pav. H.Wendl. & Drude Aralia elegantissima Veitch ex Mast. Araucariaceae Arecaceae Araliaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 Araucaria laubenfelsii Corbasson Aralia japonica Thunb. Araucariaceae J.L.Dowe Araliaceae Arecaceae Araucaria luxurians (Brongn. & Griseb.) L. de Laub. lappa L. Araliaceae Araucariaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Araucaria montana Brongn. & Griseb. Aralia papyrifera Hook. Araucariaceae (Hill) Bernh. Araliaceae Asteraceae = papyrifer (Hook.) Araucaria muelleri (Carrière) Brongn. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 K.Koch & Griseb. Araucariaceae Arctium tomentosum Mill. L. Asteraceae Araliaceae Araucaria nemorosa de Laub. ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Araucariaceae

48 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Arctostaphylos arbutoides (Lindl.) Arctotis aspera L. Ardisia solanacea Roxb. Hemsl. Asteraceae Myrsinaceae Ericaceae = Thunb. Arctotis auriculata Jacq. A ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Arctostaphylos bakeri Eastw. Asteraceae Ericaceae Arduina bispinosa L. Arctotis decurrens Jacq. Apocynaceae Arctostaphylos columbiana Piper Asteraceae Ericaceae Arduina grandiflora E.Mey. Arctotis fastuosa Jacq. ◆ Weed Apocynaceae Asteraceae Arctostaphylos densiflora M.S.Baker Areca catechu L. Arctotis gumbletonii Hook. f. Ericaceae Arecaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Arctotis stoechadifolia P.J.Bergius Ericaceae Areca glandiformis Lam. Asteraceae ◆ Weed Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 5 Arctostaphylos hookeri G.Don Areca guppyana Becc. Arctotis venusta Norl. Ericaceae Arecaceae Asteraceae Arctostaphylos insularis E.Greene ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Areca hutchinsoniana Becc. Ericaceae Arecaceae Arctous alpinus (L.) Niedenzu Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry Ericaceae Areca ipot Becc. Ericaceae Arecaceae Ardisia compressa Kunth ◆ Weed Myrsinaceae Areca latiloba Ridley Arctostaphylos mariposa Dudley Arecaceae Sims Ericaceae Myrsinaceae Areca lutescens Bory. = Arctostaphylos viscida Parry ssp. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Arecaceae mariposa (Dudley) P.Wells = Dypsis lutescens (H.Wendl.) Ardisia crenulata G.Lodd. nom. inval. Arctostaphylos X media Greene Beentje & Dransf. Myrsinaceae Ericaceae = Parathesis crenulata (Vent.) Hook. f. Areca macrocalyx Zippelius ex Blume Arctostaphylos nevadensis A.Gray ◆ Weed - 1A Arecaceae Ericaceae Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A.DC. Areca macrocarpa Becc. ◆ Weed Myrsinaceae Arecaceae Arctostaphylos obispoensis Eastw. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Areca mammillata Becc. Ericaceae Ardisia elliptica Thunb. Arecaceae Arctostaphylos pajaroensis Adams Myrsinaceae Areca minuta Scheffer Ericaceae See: Ardisia solanacea Roxb. Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth Areca triandra Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham. Ericaceae Ardisia escallonioides Schltdl. & Cham. Arecaceae ◆ Weed Myrsinaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Arctostaphylos stanfordiana Parry Ardisia guadalupensis Duchass. Areca vestiaria Giseke Ericaceae ex Griseb. Arecaceae Myrsinaceae Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Areca whitfordii Becc. Ericaceae Ardisia humilis Vahl Arecaceae ◆ Weed Myrsinaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 Arecastrum romanzoffianum Arctostaphylos viscida Parry (Cham.) Becc. Ericaceae Ardisia japonica (Thunb.) Blume Arecaceae See: Arctostaphylos mariposa Dudley Myrsinaceae = (Cham.) ◆ Weed Glassman Ardisia macrocarpa Wall. ◆ Weed - 1A Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns Myrsinaceae Asteraceae Arenaria balearica L. Ardisia paniculata Roxb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Caryophyllaceae Myrsinaceae ◆ Weed - 2 (Berg.) Norlindh = Tinus paniculata (Roxb.) Kuntze Asteraceae Arenaria caespitosa Muschl. Ardisia polycephala Wall. ex A.DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Caryophyllaceae Myrsinaceae Arctotheca prostrata (Salisb.) Britten Arenaria circassica Albov Ardisia pusilla A.DC. Asteraceae Caryophyllaceae Myrsinaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A = Minuartia circassica (Albov) Ardisia shweliensis W.W.Sm. Woronow ex Grossheim Arctotis acaulis L. Myrsinaceae Asteraceae Arenaria graminifolia Ard. ◆ Weed Caryophyllaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 49 Arenaria grandiflora L. obtusifolia Mart. broussonetii (Pers.) Caryophyllaceae Arecaceae Humphries Asteraceae A Arenaria gypsophiloides L. Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. Caryophyllaceae Arecaceae Argyranthemum callichrysum (Svent.) See: Arenga saccharifera Labill. Humphries Arenaria imbricata M.Bieb. ex DC. Asteraceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Argyranthemum coronopifolium Arenaria kingii (S.Wats.) M.E.Jones Arenga porphyrocarpa (Blume) (Willd.) Humphries Caryophyllaceae H.E.Moore Asteraceae Arenaria laricifolia L. Arecaceae Caryophyllaceae Argyranthemum foeniculaceum Arenga saccharifera Labill. ex DC. (Willd.) Webb ex Sch.Bip. Arenaria ledebouriana Fenzl Arecaceae Asteraceae Caryophyllaceae = Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. ◆ Weed - N - 1A (Rchb.) Guss. Arenga tremula (Blanco) Becc. Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Caryophyllaceae Arecaceae Sch.Bip. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Asteraceae Arenga undulatifolia Becc. See: Chrysanthemum frutescens L. Arenaria montana L. Arecaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A ◆ Arenga westerhoutii Griff. Weed - 2 Argyranthemum gracile Webb Arecaceae Arenaria pinifolia M.Bieb. ex Sch.Bip. Caryophyllaceae Arfeuillea arborescens Pierre Asteraceae Sapindaceae Arenaria purpurascens Ramond ex DC. Argyranthemum haouarytheum Caryophyllaceae Argania sideroxylon Roem. & Schult. Humphr. & Bramw. nom. illeg. Asteraceae Arenaria purpurescens Ramond ex DC. Sapotaceae Caryophyllaceae Argyranthemum lidii Humphries = Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels = Assoella purpurascens (Ramond Asteraceae ex DC.) J.M.Monts. Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels Argyranthemum maderense (D.Don) Sapotaceae Arenaria rigida Bieb. Humphries See: Argania sideroxylon Roem. Caryophyllaceae Asteraceae & Schult. nom. illeg. Arenaria serpyllifolia L. ◆ Weed Argyranthemum tenerifae Humphries Caryophyllaceae Asteraceae glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Argyranthemum winteri (Svent.) Arenaria tetraquetra L. ◆ Weed Humphries Caryophyllaceae Asteraceae Argemone grandiflora Sweet Arenaria verna L. Papaveraceae Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer Caryophyllaceae L. = Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern See: Argyreia speciosa (L. f.) Sweet Papaveraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 Arenga ambong Becc. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Arecaceae Argyreia speciosa (L. f.) Sweet Argemone munita Durand & Hilg. Convolvulaceae Arenga borneensis (Becc.) Dransf. Papaveraceae = Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer Arecaceae ◆ Weed Argyrocytisus battandieri (Maire) Arenga brevipes Becc. Argemone ochroleuca Sweet Raynaud Arecaceae Papaveraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Arenga caudata (Lour.) H.E.Moore Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Argyroderma brevipes L.Bolus Arecaceae Argemone platyceras Link & Otto Aizoaceae Arenga engleri Becc. Papaveraceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Argyroderma delaetii C.A.Maass Aizoaceae Arenga hastata (Becc.) T.C.Whitm. Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) Arecaceae G.B.Ownbey Argyroderma octophyllum Schwantes Papaveraceae Aizoaceae Arenga hookeriana (Becc.) T.C.Whitm. ◆ Weed - 3 Arecaceae Argyroderma orientale L.Bolus Argemone subfusiformis G.B.Ownbey Aizoaceae Arenga listeri Becc. Papaveraceae Argyroderma roseum Schwantes Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Aizoaceae Arenga microcarpa Becc. Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb. Argyrolobium tomentosum (Andrews) Arecaceae Rosaceae Druce Arenga mindorensis Becc. See: Potentilla anserina L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 3

50 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Argyrolobium uniflorum (Decne.) Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott Arisarum vulgare O.Targ.Tozz. Jaub. & Spach Araceae Araceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A A ◆ Weed Arisaema fargesii Buchet africana (L.) Hoffm. Argyroxiphium sandwicense DC. Araceae Iridaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 3 Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) Schott Arikuryroba schizophylla (Mart.) Araceae Aristea alata Baker L.H.Bailey ◆ Weed - 3 Iridaceae Arecaceae Arisaema franchetianum Engl. Aristea angolensis Baker Arillastrum gummiferum Pancher Araceae Iridaceae Myrtaceae Arisaema griffithii Schott Aristea bakeri Klatt Ariocarpus agavoides (Castaneda) Araceae Iridaceae E.F.Anderson Arisaema helleborifolium Schott Aristea capitata Ker Gawl. Cactaceae Araceae Iridaceae Ariocarpus bravoanus H.M.Hern. Arisaema jacquemontii Blume Aristea confusa Goldblatt & E.F.Anderson. Araceae Iridaceae Cactaceae Arisaema japonicum Blume Aristea cyanea Aiton Ariocarpus fissuratus (Engelm.) Araceae Iridaceae K.Schum. Cactaceae Arisaema kunstleri Hook. f. Baker See: Roseocactus lloydii (Rose) Berger Araceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Lem.) Arisaema ovale Nakai K.Schum. Araceae Aristea ensifolia Muir Cactaceae Arisaema peninsulae Nakai Iridaceae ◆ Weed Ariocarpus lloydii Rose Araceae Cactaceae Arisaema praecox De Vriese ex K.Koch Aristea gerrardii Weim. Iridaceae Ariocarpus retusus Scheidw. Araceae ◆ Weed Cactaceae Arisaema propinquum Schott Aristea macrocarpa G.J.Lewis Ariocarpus scapharostrus Boed. Araceae Iridaceae Cactaceae Arisaema ringens (Thunb.) Schott Aristea major Andrews Ariocarpus trigonus (F.A.C.Weber) Araceae Iridaceae K.Schum. Arisaema robustum (Engl.) Nakai Cactaceae Araceae Aristea platycaulis Baker Iridaceae Arisaema amurense Maxim. Arisaema serratum (Thunb.) Schott Araceae Araceae Aristea thyrsiflora (D.Delaroche) N.E.Br. ◆ Weed See: Arisaema angustatum Franch. Iridaceae Arisaema angustatum Franch. & Sav. & Sav. Aristea torulosa Klatt Araceae Arisaema sikokianum Franch. & Sav. Iridaceae = Arisaema serratum (Thunb.) Schott Araceae See: Aristea woodii N.E.Br. Arisaema atrorubens (Aiton) Blume Arisaema speciosum (Wall.) Mart. Aristea woodii N.E.Br. Araceae Araceae Iridaceae = Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott = Aristea torulosa Klatt Arisaema takesimense Nakai Arisaema brevipes Engl. Araceae benthamii Henrard Araceae Poaceae Arisaema thunbergii Blume ◆ Weed - Nn Arisaema candidissimum W.W.Sm. Araceae Araceae Aristida ciliata Desf. Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Schott Poaceae Arisaema ciliatum H.Li Araceae Araceae Aristida karelinii (Trin. & Rupr.) Roshev. Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott Poaceae Arisaema concinnum Schott Araceae Araceae See: Arisaema atrorubens (Aiton) Aristida obtusa Delile Blume Poaceae Arisaema consanguineum Schott ◆ Weed - 2 Araceae Aristida pennata Trin. Arisarum proboscideum (L.) Savi. Poaceae Arisaema dilatatum Buchet Araceae Araceae Aristida ramosa R.Br. ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae Arisaema elephas Buchet Arisarum simorrhinum DUR. ◆ Weed - Nn Araceae Araceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 51 Aristida uniplumis Licht. passifloraefolia A.Rich. Armeria girardii (Bernis) Litard. Poaceae A Aristolochia albida Duch. Aristolochia ringens Vahl Armeria juncea Girard Aristolochiaceae Aristolochiaceae Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Aristolochia baetica L. Armeria juniperifolia (Vahl) Hoffm. Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia sempervirens L. & Link ◆ Weed Aristolochiaceae Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Aristolochia brasiliensis Mart. & Zucc. Armeria leucocephala W.D.J.Koch Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia trilobata L. Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed Aristolochiaceae Armeria maritima Willd. ◆ Weed Aristolochia chapmaniana Standl. Plumbaginaceae Aristolochiaceae Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz ◆ Weed Aristolochia chilensis Bridges ex Lindl. Armeria nebrodensis (Guss.) Boiss. ◆ Weed Aristolochiaceae Plumbaginaceae Aristotelia fruticosa Hook. f. Aristolochia clematitis L. Armeria pinifolia (Brot.) Hoffm. & Link Elaeocarpaceae Aristolochiaceae Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Aristotelia macqui L’Hérit. Armeria plantaginea Willd. Elaeocarpaceae Aristolochia cymbifera Mart. Plumbaginaceae Aristolochiaceae Aristotelia racemosa Hook. f. Armeria pseudarmeria (Murray) Mansf. Elaeocarpaceae Aristolochia debilis Sieb. & Zucc. Plumbaginaceae Aristolochiaceae Aristotelia serrata (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) ◆ Armeria pseudoarmeria (Murray) Weed W.R.B.Oliv. Mansf. Aristolochia durior Hill. Elaeocarpaceae Plumbaginaceae Aristolochiaceae Armatocereus cartwrightianus ◆ Weed = Aristolochia macrophylla Lam. (Britton & Rose) Backeb. ◆ Weed - 1A - 4A Armeria pungens (Link) Hoffm. & Link Cactaceae Plumbaginaceae Aristolochia elegans Mast. Armatocereus ghiesbreghtii Aristolochiaceae Armeria rouyana Daveau (K.Schum.) F.Ritter ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5A Plumbaginaceae Cactaceae Aristolochia fimbriata Cham. Armeria welwitschii Boiss. Armatocereus godingianus (Britton Aristolochiaceae Plumbaginaceae & Rose) Backeb. ex E.Salisb. ◆ Weed Aristolochia gigantea Mart. & Zucc. Cactaceae Aristolochiaceae Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib. ex Usteri Armatocereus humilis (Britton & Rose) ◆ Weed - 2 Brassicaceae Backeb. = Armoracia rusticana (Lam.) Aristolochia grandiflora Sw. Cactaceae Aristolochiaceae Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. ◆ ◆ Weed Armatocereus laetus (Kunth) Backeb. Weed - 3 Cactaceae Aristolochia indica L. Armoracia rusticana (Lam.) Gaertn., Aristolochiaceae Armatocereus rauhii Backeb. B.Mey. & Scherb. ◆ Weed - Nn Cactaceae Brassicaceae See: Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib. Armeria alliacea (Cav.) Hoffm. & Link Aristolochia kaempferi Willd. ex Usteri, Cochlearia armoracia L. Plumbaginaceae Aristolochiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed Aristolochia labiata Willd. Arnebia pulchra (Roem. & Schult.) Armeria alpina Willd. Aristolochiaceae J.R.Edm. ◆ Plumbaginaceae Weed Boraginaceae Parodi Armeria arenaria (Pers.) Schult. ◆ Weed Plumbaginaceae Aristolochiaceae Arnica chamissonis Less. ◆ ◆ Weed Weed - 1 - 2 Asteraceae Aristolochia longa L. Armeria berlengensis Daveau ◆ Weed Plumbaginaceae Aristolochiaceae Arnica montana L. ◆ Weed - 3 Armeria caespitosa (Ortega) Boiss. Asteraceae Aristolochia macrophylla Lam. Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Aristolochiaceae Armeria canescens (Host) Boiss. Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers. See: Aristolochia durior Hill. Plumbaginaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 1A See: Photinia pyrifolia (Lam.) Armeria filicaulis (Boiss.) Boiss. Aristolochia odoratissima L. K.R.Robertson & J.B.Phipps Plumbaginaceae Aristolochiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A

52 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott Arrhostoxylum elegans (Poir.) Bremek. canescens Willd. Rosaceae & Nannenga-Bremek. Asteraceae See: Photinia melanocarpa (Michx.) Acanthaceae Artemisia capillaris Thunb. A K.R.Robertson & J.B.Phipps Arrojadoa dinae Buining & Brederoo Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Aronia prunifolia (Marshall) Rehder Arrojadoa penicillata Britton & Rose Artemisia caruifolia Buch.-Ham. Rosaceae Cactaceae ex Roxb. = Photinia floribunda (Lindl.) Asteraceae K.R.Robertson & J.B.Phipps Arrojadoa rhodantha Britton & Rose Cactaceae Artemisia caucasica Willd. Aronia X prunifolia (Marshall) Rehder Asteraceae Rosaceae Artabotrys hexapetalus (L. f.) Bhandari = Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers. X Annonaceae Artemisia chamaemelifolia Vill. Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Asteraceae [natural hybrid] ◆ Weed Artabotrys siamensis Miq. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Annonaceae Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh Arpophyllum alpinum Lindl. Asteraceae Artanthe elongata (Vahl) Miq. Orchidaceae = Artemisia dracunculus L. Arpophyllum giganteum Hartw. Artemisia dracunculus L. Artanthe tiliaefolia Miq. ex Lindl. Asteraceae Piperaceae Orchidaceae See: Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh Artemisia abrotanum L. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Arpophyllum spicatum La Llave & Lex. Asteraceae Orchidaceae Artemisia foeniculacea Stev. ex DC. See: Artemisia foeniculacea Stev. Asteraceae Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) Verl. ex DC., Artemisia procera Willd. = Artemisia abrotanum L. Bignoniaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Artemisia frigida Willd. Arrabidaea magnifica Sprague Artemisia absinthium L. Asteraceae ex Steenis Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 Bignoniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Artemisia glacialis L. Arracacia esculenta DC. Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. Asteraceae Apiaceae Asteraceae = Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr. ◆ Weed - 3 Artemisia incanescens Jord. Asteraceae Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr. Artemisia alba Turra Apiaceae Asteraceae Artemisia indica Willd. See: Arracacia esculenta DC. ◆ Weed Asteraceae ◆ Weed = Artemisia vulgaris L. Artemisia annua L. ◆ Weed album (Vahl) Clayton Asteraceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Artemisia keiskeana Miq. See: Arrhenatherum erianthum Asteraceae Artemisia apiacea Hance Boiss. & Reut. Asteraceae Artemisia lactiflora Wall. ex DC. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Asteraceae Arrhenatherum bulbosum (Willd.) L. Artemisia laxa (Lam.) Fritsch C.Presl Asteraceae Asteraceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A = (L.) P.Beauv. Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ex J.Presl & C.Presl ssp. bulbosum Artemisia argyi H.Lév & Vanihot Asteraceae (Willd.) Schübl. & Martens Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Artemisia maritima L. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. Artemisia atrata Lam. Asteraceae ex J.Presl & C.Presl Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 3 Poaceae Artemisia californica Less. Artemisia molinieri Quezel, Barbero See: Arrhenatherum bulbosum Asteraceae & R.Loisel (Willd.) C.Presl, bulbosa ◆ Weed - 3 Asteraceae Schrad. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Artemisia camphorata Vill. Artemisia mutellina Vill. Asteraceae Asteraceae Arrhenatherum erianthum Boiss. & Reut. Artemisia cana Pursh Artemisia nitida Bertoloni Poaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae = Arrhenatherum album (Vahl) Clay. ◆ Weed - 3 Artemisia pedemontana Balbis ◆ Weed Artemisia canariensis (Besser) Less. Asteraceae Asteraceae = Artemisia thuscula Cav.

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 53 Artemisia pontica L. Arthropteris articulata (Brack.) C.Chr. Arum creticum Boiss. & Heldr. Asteraceae Oleandraceae Araceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 A altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg Arum cyrenaicum Hruby Artemisia princeps Pamp. Moraceae Araceae Asteraceae See: Artocarpus communis J.R.Forst. Arum dioscoridis Sibth. & Sm. ◆ Weed - 3 & G.Forst. Araceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 5 Artemisia procera Willd. ◆ Weed - 3 Asteraceae Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosb. Arum dracunculus L. = Artemisia abrotanum L. X Artocarpus marianensis Trecul Araceae Moraceae Artemisia pycnocephala (Less.) DC. ◆ Weed Arum elongatum Steven Asteraceae Araceae Artocarpus cannonii W.Bull ex Van Artemisia schmidtiana Maxim. Houtte Arum hygrophilum Boiss. Asteraceae Moraceae Araceae Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. Artocarpus communis J.R.Forst. Arum idaeum Coust. & Gandoger Asteraceae & G.Forst. Araceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 Moraceae Miller = Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Artemisia smithii Mattf. Araceae Fosberg Asteraceae See: Arum nickellii Schott, Arum ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Artemisia splendens Willd. albispathum Stev. ex Ledeb. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Artemisia stelleriana Besser. Moraceae Arum maculatum L. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 5 Araceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Artocarpus hypargyreus Hance Artemisia thuscula Cav. Arum neglectum (Towns.) Ridley ex Benth. Asteraceae Araceae Moraceae See: Artemisia canariensis (Besser) ◆ Weed Less. Artocarpus incisa (Thunb.) L. f. Arum nickellii Schott ◆ Weed - N Moraceae Araceae Artemisia umbelliformis Lam. = Arum italicum Miller Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr. Asteraceae Moraceae Arum orientale M.Bieb. ◆ Weed See: Artocarpus integrifolius L. f. nom. Araceae Artemisia vallesiaca Allioni illeg., Artocarpus polyphema Pers. See: Arum alpinum Schott & Kotschy ◆ Asteraceae Weed - 20 Arum palestinum Boiss. Lamotte Artocarpus integrifolius L. f. nom. illeg. Araceae Asteraceae Moraceae Arum petteri Schott ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 = Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr. Araceae Artemisia vulgaris L. Artocarpus lacucha Buch.-Ham. Arum pictum L. f. Asteraceae Moraceae Araceae See: Artemisia indica Willd. Artocarpus lingnanensis Merr. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Arum purpureospathum Boyce Moraceae Araceae Arthrocereus glaziovii (Schumann) Artocarpus odoratissima Blanco. N.P.Taylor & Zappi Arum rupicola Boiss. Moraceae Cactaceae Araceae Artocarpus polyphema Pers. Arthrocereus melanurus (K.Schum.) Aruncus aethusifolius (H.Lèv.) Nakai Moraceae L.Diers, P.Braun & Esteves Rosaceae = Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr. Cactaceae Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald Artocarpus rigida Blume Arthrocereus spinosissimus (Buining Rosaceae Moraceae See: Aruncus sylvester Kostel. & Brederoo) F.Ritter ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A Cactaceae Arum albispathum Stev. ex Ledeb. Araceae Aruncus sylvester Kostel. candidum Raoul = Arum italicum Miller ssp. Rosaceae Liliaceae albispathum (Steven ex Ledeb.) = Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fernald Arthropodium cirratum (G.Forst.) R.Br. Prime var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara Liliaceae Arum alpinum Schott & Kotschy Aruncus sylvestre Kostel. ex Maxim. Arthropodium cirrhatum (G.Forst.) R.Br. Araceae Rosaceae Liliaceae = Arum orientale M.Bieb. Arundina graminifolia (D.Don) Hochr. Arthropodium strictum R.Br. Arum concinnatum Schott Orchidaceae Liliaceae Araceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2

54 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Arundinaria amabilis McClure Arundinaria viridistriata (Regel) Asarum curvistigma Maekawa Poaceae Makino ex Nakai Aristolochiaceae Poaceae Arundinaria auricoma Mitford Asarum debile Franch. A See: Arundinaria auricoma Mitford, Poaceae Aristolochiaceae Pleioblastus auricomus (Mitford) = Arundinaria viridistriata (Regel) D.C.McClint., Pleioblastus Asarum delavayi Franch. Makino ex Nakai viridistriatus (Regel) Makino Aristolochiaceae Arundinaria chino (Franch. & Sav.) ◆ Weed Asarum epigynum Hayata Makino donax L. Aristolochiaceae Poaceae Poaceae See: Pleioblastus chino (Franch. Asarum europaeum L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5A & Sav.) Makino Aristolochiaceae Arundo pliniana Turra ◆ Weed - 2 Arundinaria funghomii McClure Poaceae Poaceae Asarum fudsinoi Ito Asarina antirrhiniflora (Humb. & Bonpl. Aristolochiaceae Arundinaria gigantea (Walter) Muhl. ex Willd.) Pennell Poaceae Asarum geophilum Hemsl. Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Aristolochiaceae = Maurandella antirrhiniflora Arundinaria graminea (Bean) Makino (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Rothm. Asarum gusk Hatus. & E.Yamahata Poaceae Aristolochiaceae Asarina barclaiana (Lindl.) Pennell See: Pleioblastus gramineus (Bean) Scrophulariaceae Asarum hartwegii S.Watson Nakai = Maurandya barclaiana Lindl. Aristolochiaceae Arundinaria hindsii Munro ◆ Weed Asarum hatsushimae F.Maek. Poaceae Asarina erubescens (D.Don) Pennell ex S.Hatusima & E.Yamahata See: Pleioblastus hindsii (Munro) Scrophulariaceae Aristolochiaceae Nakai ◆ Weed - 2 Asarum heterotropoides Fr.Schm. Arundinaria hookeriana Munro Asarina procumbens Mill. Aristolochiaceae Poaceae Scrophulariaceae Asarum hexalobum Maekawa Arundinaria humilis Mitford ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Aristolochiaceae Poaceae Asarina purpusii (T.S.Brandegee) Asarum hirsutisepalum Hatus. Arundinaria japonica Siebold & Zucc. Pennell Aristolochiaceae ex Steud. Scrophulariaceae Poaceae Asarum ikegamii (F.Maek. ex Y.Maek.) Asarina scandens (Cav.) Pennell = Pseudosasa japonica (Sieb. & T.Sugawara Scrophulariaceae Zucc. ex Steud.) Makino ex Nakai Aristolochiaceae Asarum arifolium Michaux Arundinaria linearis Hackel Asarum insigne Diels Aristolochiaceae Poaceae Aristolochiaceae See: Pleioblastus linearis (Hack.) Asarum asaroides (C.Morren & Decne.) Asarum kiusianum Maekawa Nakai Makino Aristolochiaceae Aristolochiaceae Arundinaria nagashima (Lat.-Marl. Asarum kumageanum Masam. ex Mitford) Asch. & Graebn. Asarum asperum Maekawa Aristolochiaceae Poaceae Aristolochiaceae Asarum kurosawae Sugimoto Arundinaria pygmaea (Miq.) Asch. Asarum blumei Duch. Aristolochiaceae & Graebn. Aristolochiaceae Poaceae Asarum lemmonii S.Watson Asarum campaniflorum Yong Wang See: Pleioblastus pygmaeus (Miq.) Aristolochiaceae & Q.F.Wang Nakai Aristolochiaceae Asarum leucosepalum O.C.Schmidt ◆ Weed Aristolochiaceae Asarum canadense L. Arundinaria simonii (Carrière) Aristolochiaceae Asarum longirhizomatosum Liang A.Rivière & C.Rivière ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 & C.S.Yang Poaceae Aristolochiaceae See: Pleioblastus simonii (Carrière) Asarum caudatum Lindl. Nakai Aristolochiaceae Asarum magnificum Tsiang ◆ Weed ex C.Y.Cheng & C.S.Yang Asarum caulescens Maxim. Aristolochiaceae Arundinaria variegata (Siebold ex Miq.) Aristolochiaceae Makino Asarum maximum Hemsley Asarum celsum F.Maek. ex S.Hatusima Poaceae Aristolochiaceae & E.Yamahata See: Pleioblastus variegatus (Siebold Aristolochiaceae ex Miq.) Makino Asarum megacalyx Maekawa Aristolochiaceae ◆ Weed Asarum costatum Maekawa ex Nemoto Aristolochiaceae Asarum minamitanianum Hatus. Aristolochiaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 55 Asarum monodoriflorum Hatus. Asarum yakusimense Masam. Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Lindl.) & E.Yamahata Aristolochiaceae Schltr. Aristolochiaceae Orchidaceae A Asarum yoshikawae T.Sugawara Asarum muramatsui Makino Aristolochiaceae Ascocentrum curvifolium (Lindl.) Aristolochiaceae Schltr. californica Greene Orchidaceae Asarum nankaiense Maekawa Asclepiadaceae Aristolochiaceae ◆ Weed Ascocentrum micranthum (Reinw. ex Blume) Holttum Asarum nipponicum F.Maek. Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jepson Orchidaceae Aristolochiaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed Ascocentrum miniatum (Lindl.) Schltr. Asarum pellucidum Hatus. Orchidaceae & E.Yamahata L. Aristolochiaceae Asclepiadaceae Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Annonaceae Asarum petelotii O.C.Schmidt ◆ Weed Aristolochiaceae Asclepias erosa Torr. Asclepiadaceae Aspalathus linearis (Burm. f.) Asarum pulchellum Hemsl. ◆ Weed R.Dahlgren Aristolochiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asclepias exaltata L. Asarum rigescens Maekawa ◆ Weed Asclepiadaceae Aristolochiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Aspalathus sarcodes Vogel ex Benth. Asarum sakawanum Makino Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asclepias fascicularis Decne. Aristolochiaceae Asclepiadaceae acutifolius L. Asarum satsumense Maekawa ◆ Weed - 3 Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Aristolochiaceae ◆ Weed Asclepias fruticosa L. Asarum savatieri Franch. Asclepiadaceae L. Aristolochiaceae = Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) Liliaceae - Asparagaceae R.Br. ex W.T.Ait. See: Asparagus sprengeri Regel Asarum senkakuinsulare Hatus. ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Aristolochiaceae Asclepias hallii A.Gray Asparagus africanus Lam. Asarum shuttleworthii Britten & Baker Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Aristolochiaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5A = Hexastylis shuttleworthii (Britten & Baker) Small Asclepias incarnata L. Asparagus albus L. Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Asarum sieboldii Miq. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Aristolochiaceae Asparagus aphyllus L. Asclepias mexicana Cav. Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Asarum simile Hatus. & E.Yamahata Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed Aristolochiaceae ◆ Weed Asparagus arborescens Willd. ex Schult. Asarum speciosum (Harper) Barringer Asclepias physocarpa (E.Mey.) Schltr. & Schult. f. Aristolochiaceae Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae = Hexastylis speciosa Harper = Gomphocarpus physocarpus (L.) Druce Asarum subglobosum F.Maek. E.Mey Liliaceae - Asparagaceae ex S.Hatusima & E.Yamahata ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 See: Asparagus medeoloides (L. f.) Aristolochiaceae Asclepias purpurascens L. Thunb, Myrsiphyllum asparagoides Asarum takaoi Maekawa. Asclepiadaceae (L.) Willd. Aristolochiaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Asarum tamaense Makino Asclepias rubra L. Asparagus brachyphyllus Turcz. Aristolochiaceae Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Asarum trigynum (Maekawa) Araki Asclepias solanoana Woodson Asparagus cooperi Baker Aristolochiaceae Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Asarum unzen (Maekawa) Kitam. & Murata Asclepias subulata Decne. Asparagus crispus Lam. Aristolochiaceae Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae = Asparagus declinatus L. Asarum wulingense C.F.Liang Asclepias sullivantii Engelm. ex A.Gray Aristolochiaceae Asclepiadaceae Asparagus declinatus L. ◆ Weed Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Asarum yaeyamense Hatus. See: Asparagus crispus Lam., Aristolochiaceae Asclepias tuberosa L. Myrsiphyllum declinatum (L.) Oberm. Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A ◆ Weed - 2 - 3

56 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop Asparagus sativus Mill. Asperula tinctoria L. Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Rubiaceae See: Asparagus meyerii nom. illeg., ◆ Weed - 2 Thunb. A Protasparagus aethiopicus (L.) Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Asphodeline brevicaulis (Bertol.) J.Gay Oberm., Protasparagus densiflorus ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ex Baker (Kunth) Oberm. Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5 Asparagus schoberioides Kunth Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Asphodeline liburnica (Scop.) Rchb. Asparagus falcatus L. Liliaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Asparagus scoparius Lowe ◆ Weed - N Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Asphodeline lutea (L.) Rchb. Liliaceae Asparagus fallax Svent. Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop ◆ Weed Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae See: Protasparagus plumosus aestivus Brot. Asparagus fasciculatus Thunb. (Baker) Oberm., Protasparagus Liliaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae setaceus (Kunth) Oberm. ◆ Weed - 3 Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2A - 5 Asphodelus albus Mill. ex D.Don Asparagus sprengeri Regel Liliaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed = Asparagus aethiopicus L. Asphodelus cerasiferus J.Gay Asparagus laricifolius A.Berg. ◆ Weed - 5 Liliaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Asparagus stipularis Forssk. L. Asparagus laricinus Burch. Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 See: Protasparagus laricinus (Burch.) Asparagus tenuifolius Lam. Oberm. Asphodelus luteus L. Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Liliaceae Asparagus macowanii Baker ◆ Weed Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Aspidistra elatior Blume Asparagus umbellatus Link Convallariaceae Asparagus madagascariensis Baker Liliaceae - Asparagaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Asparagus verticillatus L. Aspidistra longifolia Hook. f. Asparagus maritimus Mill. Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Convallariaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Baker Aspidistra lurida Ker Gawl. Asparagus medeoloides (L. f.) Thunb Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Convallariaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae See: Protasparagus virgatus (Baker) = Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Oberm. Aspidosperma quebracho-blancho W.Wight ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Schltdl. Apocynaceae Asparagus meyerii nom. illeg. Aspasia epidendroides Lindl. Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Orchidaceae Aspidotis californica (Hook.) Nutt. = Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) ex Copeland Aspasia lunata Lindl. Jessop Pteridaceae Orchidaceae See: californica Asparagus officinalis L. Asperula arvensis L. (Hook.) Mett. Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 adiantum-nigrum L. ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 Asparagus persicus Baker Asperula gussonii Boiss. ◆ Weed Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Rubiaceae Asplenium adulterinum Milde Asparagus plumosus Baker Asperula lilaciflora Boiss. Aspleniaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5A Asplenium alatum Humb. & Bonpl. Asperula nitida Sibth. & Sm. ex Willd. Asparagus pseudoscaber Grecescu Rubiaceae Aspleniaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Asperula odorata L. Asplenium antiquum Makino Willd. Rubiaceae Aspleniaceae Liliaceae - Asparagaceae = Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. ◆ Weed Asplenium belangeri Bory ◆ Weed Aspleniaceae Asparagus ramosissimus Baker Asperula orientalis Boiss. & Hohen. Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Asplenium billotii F.W.Schultz Rubiaceae Aspleniaceae Asparagus retrofractus L. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Liliaceae - Asparagaceae Asplenium ceterach L. Asperula pontica Boiss. See: Protasparagus retrofractus (L.) Aspleniaceae Rubiaceae Oberm. See: Ceterach officinarum Willd. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 57 Asplenium contiguum Kaulfuss Asplenium normale D.Don banksii A.Cunn. Aspleniaceae Aspleniaceae Liliaceae A Asplenium daucifolium Lam. Asplenium novae-caledoniae Hook. Astelia chathamica (Skottsb.) Aspleniaceae Aspleniaceae L.B.Moore See: Asplenium viviparum (L. f.) Liliaceae Asplenium oblongifolium Colenso C.Presl nom. illeg. Aspleniaceae Astelia fragrans Colenso Asplenium davallioides Hook. Liliaceae Asplenium onopteris L. Aspleniaceae Aspleniaceae Astelia grandis Hook. f. Asplenium dimorphum Kunze ◆ Weed Liliaceae Aspleniaceae Asplenium palmeri Maxon Astelia latifolia Jacques Asplenium ebenoides R.R.Scott Aspleniaceae Liliaceae Aspleniaceae Asplenium protensum Schrad. Astelia linearis Hook. f. Asplenium elmeri Christ Aspleniaceae Liliaceae Aspleniaceae Asplenium resiliens Kunze Astelia nervosa Hook. f. Asplenium erosum L. Aspleniaceae Liliaceae Aspleniaceae Asplenium richardi Hook. Astelia papuana Skottsb. Asplenium exiguum Bedd. Aspleniaceae Liliaceae Aspleniaceae Asplenium ruta-muraria L. See: Asplenium fontanum (L.) Astelia pumila (G.Forst.) Gaudich. Aspleniaceae Bernhardi Liliaceae Asplenium schizophyllum C.Christens. Asplenium filidens Brownlie Astelia solandri A.Cunn. Aspleniaceae Aspleniaceae Liliaceae Asplenium scolopendrium L. Asplenium flabellulatum Kunze Aster acris L. Aspleniaceae Aspleniaceae Asteraceae See: Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) ◆ Weed Newman Aster alpinus L. Asplenium flexuosum Schrad. ◆ Weed Asteraceae Aspleniaceae Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm. Aster amellus L. Asplenium fontanum (L.) Bernhardi Aspleniaceae Asteraceae Aspleniaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 = Asplenium exiguum Bedd. Asplenium serratum L. Aster azureus Lindl. Asplenium forisiense Le Grand Aspleniaceae Asteraceae Aspleniaceae = Symphyotrichum oolentangiense Asplenium shuttleworthianum Kunze (Riddell) G.L.Nesom Asplenium fraxinifolium Wall. ex Hook. Aspleniaceae Aspleniaceae Aster brachytrichus Franch. Asplenium subflexuosum Ros Asteraceae Asplenium gemmiferum Schrad. Aspleniaceae Aspleniaceae Aster chilensis Nees -ramosum L. Asteraceae Asplenium haenkeanum (C.Presl) Aspleniaceae = Symphyotrichum chilense (Nees) Hieron. See: Asplenium viride Hudson G.L.Nesom Aspleniaceae Asplenium trilobum Cav. ◆ Weed Asplenium hallbergii Mickel & Beitel Aspleniaceae Aster cordifolius L. Aspleniaceae Asplenium vieillardii Mett. Asteraceae Asplenium incisum Thunb. Aspleniaceae = Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Aspleniaceae Nesom Asplenium viride Hudson ◆ Weed - 2 Asplenium lamprophyllum Carse Aspleniaceae Aspleniaceae = Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum L. Aster divaricatus L. ◆ Weed - 3 Asteraceae Asplenium lividum Mett. ex Kuhn ◆ Weed - 2 Aspleniaceae Asplenium viviparum (L. f.) C.Presl nom. illeg. Aster dumosus L. Asplenium lyallii Moore Aspleniaceae Asteraceae Aspleniaceae = Asplenium daucifolium Lam. = Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) Asplenium marinum L. G.L.Nesom Asplundia brunneistigma Hammel Aspleniaceae ◆ Weed Cyclanthaceae ◆ Weed Aster ericoides L. Assoella purpurascens (Ramond ex DC.) Asplenium mayii Asteraceae J.M.Monts. Aspleniaceae = Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Caryophyllaceae Nesom Asplenium monanthes L. See: Arenaria purpurescens Ramond ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Aspleniaceae ex DC.

58 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Aster filifolius Vent. Aster novi-belgii hybrids hort. Aster subulatus Michx. Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed = Aster foliaceus Lindl. A (Michx.) Nesom Asteraceae Aster oolentangiensis Riddell ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Asteraceae Aster fremontii (Torr. & Gray) Gray = Symphyotrichum oolentangiense Aster tataricus L. f. Asteraceae (Riddell) G.L.Nesom Asteraceae = Symphyotrichum spathulatum ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed (Lindl.) G.L.Nesom Aster pappei Harv. Aster X frikartii Silva Tar. & C.K.Schneid. Aster tongolensis Franch. Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae = Felicia amoena (Sch.Bip) Levyns = Aster amellus L. X Aster thomsonii ssp. amoena Aster umbellatus Miller C.B.Clarke Asteraceae Aster petiolatus (Hook. f.) F.Müell. Aster himalaicus C.B.Clarke = Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) Asteraceae Asteraceae Nees = Felicia petiolata (Harv.) N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - 2 Aster hybridus hort. Asteraceae Aster praealtus Poiret Aster vahlii (Gaudich.) Hook. & Arn. = X Solidaster luteus (Everett) Asteraceae Asteraceae M.L.Green ex Dress = Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.) G.L.Nesom Aster vimineus Lam. Aster laevis L. ◆ Weed Asteraceae Asteraceae = Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Aster pringlei (Gray) Britton Á.Löve & D.Löve Asteraceae ◆ Weed Aster laevis L. X Aster novi-belgii L. = Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) Asteraceae Nesom var. pringlei (Gray) Nesom Aster yunnanensis Franch. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 3 Asteraceae ◆ Weed Aster lanceolatus Willd. Aster pringlei (Gray) Britton X Aster Asteraceae novi-belgii L. Asteranthera ovata (Cav.) Hanst. = Symphyotrichum lanceolatum Asteraceae Gesneriaceae (Willd.) Nesom maritimus (L.) Less. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Aster ptarmicoides (Nees) Torr. & Gray Asteraceae Asteraceae Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britton = Solidago ptarmicoides (Torr. ◆ Weed Asteraceae & A.Gray) B.Boivin Asteriscus sericeus (L. f.) DC. = Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) Asteraceae ÁÁ.Löve & D.Löve Aster puniceus L. = Nauplius sericeus (L. f.) Cass. ◆ Weed - 3 Asteraceae = Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) Aster linariifolius L. Asteriscus spinosus Sch.Bip. Á. & D.Löve Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 = Ionactis linariifolia (L.) Greene = Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. ◆ ◆ Weed Aster rotundifolius Thunb. Weed Asteraceae Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh. Asterogyne martiana (H.Wendl.) Asteraceae Aster X salignus Willd. H.Wendl. ex Hemsl. ◆ Weed Asteraceae Arecaceae = Aster lanceolatus Willd. muelleri Benth. Aster luteus (N.E.Br.) Hutchinson X Aster novi-belgii L. Rutaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Asterolinon linum-stellatum (L.) Duby Aster macrophyllus L. Aster savatieri Makino Primulaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae = Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Aster sedifolius L. ex Nees Asteromyrtus magnifica (Specht) ◆ Asteraceae Weed - 2 Craven ◆ Weed - 2 Aster mongolicus Franch. Myrtaceae Asteraceae Aster sibiricus L. Asteromyrtus symphyocarpa (F.Müell.) Asteraceae Aster novae-angliae L. Craven = Eurybia sibirica (L.) Nesom Asteraceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - 2 = Symphyotrichum novae-angliae Astilbe X arendsii Arends . (L.) Nesom Aster sikkimensis Hook. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Asteraceae = Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Aster novi-belgii L. Aster squamatus (Spreng.) Hieron. Franchet & P.A.L.Savat. X Astilbe Asteraceae Asteraceae japonica (Morren & Decne.) A.Gray See: Symphyotrichum novi-belgii = Symphyotrichum squamatum ◆ Weed - 2 (L.) G.L.Nesom (Spreng.) Nesom Astilbe biternata (Vent.) Britton ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 Saxifragaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 59 Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. Astragalus falcatus Lam. Astragalus turbinatus Bunge & Sav. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Saxifragaceae ◆ Weed A Astragalus unifoliatus Bunge ◆ Weed Astragalus filicaulis Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astilbe grandis Stapf ex E.H.Wilson ex Kar. & Kir. Astragalus vogelii (Webb) Bornm. Saxifragaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astilbe japonica Morr. & Decne. Astragalus glycyphylloides DC. ◆ Weed - N Saxifragaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astragalus vulnerariae DC. ◆ ◆ Weed - 2 Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astilbe koreana (Kom.) Nakai Astragalus glycyphyllos L. Astrantia carinthiaca Hoppe ex Koch Saxifragaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Apiaceae ◆ Weed Astilbe microphylla Knoll Astrantia carniolica Jacq. Saxifragaceae Astragalus hajastanus Grossh. Apiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astilbe rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don ◆ Weed - 2 Saxifragaceae Astragalus hamosus L. Astrantia major L. ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Apiaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Astilbe simplicifolia Makino Weed - 2 Saxifragaceae Astragalus kahiricus DC. Astrantia maxima Pall. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astilbe taquetii P.Vilm. ex Mottet Apiaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Saxifragaceae Weed - 2 Astragalus lusitanicus Lam. Astilbe thunbergii (Sieb. & Zucc.) Miq. Astridia longifolia (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Saxifragaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed Astrocaryum aculeatissimum (Schott) Astilboides tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl. Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch. Burret Saxifragaceae ex Link) Bunge Arecaceae Astragalus abyssinicus (Hochst.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astrocaryum alatum Loomis Steud. ex A.Rich. Astragalus missouriensis Nutt. Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astrocaryum gynacanthum Mart. Astragalus amphioxys A.Gray ◆ Weed Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astragalus mollis M.Bieb. Astrocaryum malybo Karsten Astragalus atropilosulus (Hochst.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Arecaceae Bunge Astragalus paucijugus C.A.Mey. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astrocaryum mexicanum Liebm. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ex Mart. Astragalus beershabensis Eig & Sam. Astragalus penduliflorus Lam. Arecaceae ex Rech. f. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astrocaryum murumuru C.Martius Astragalus prolixus Sieber ex Bunge Arecaceae Astragalus brachycalyx Fisch. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N Arecaceae Astragalus calycosus Torr. ex S.Watson Astragalus purshii Douglas ex Hook. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astrolepis sinuata (Lag. ex Sw.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Benham & Windham Astragalus caprinus L. Astragalus sempervirens Lam. Pteridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Cheilanthes sinuata (Lag. ex Astragalus chinensis L. f. Sw.) Domin, Notholaena sinuata Astragalus sesameus L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae (Lag. ex Sw.) Kaulfuss Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N Astroloba deltoidea (Hook. f.) Uitew. Astragalus cicer L. Aloeaceae Astragalus sieversianus Pall. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astroloba foliolosa (Haw.) Uitew. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Aloeaceae Astragalus siliquosus Boiss. Astragalus coccineus Brandegee Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astroloba pentagona (Haw.) Uitew. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aloeaceae Astragalus suberosus Banks & Sol. Astragalus complanatus R.Br. ex Bunge Astroloba skinneri (A.Berger) Uitew. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aloeaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Astragalus thompsonae Watson Astrophytum asterias (Zucc.) Lem. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astragalus danicus Retz. Cactaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Astragalus traskiae Eastw. Astrophytum capricorne (A.Dietr.) ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Britton & Rose Cactaceae

60 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Astrophytum coahuilense (H.Moeller) Athyrium americanum (Butters) Maxon canescens (Pursh) Nutt. K.Kayser Dryopteridaceae Chenopodiaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Athyrium bantamense Milde A = Astrophytum myriostigma Lem. Dryopteridaceae Atriplex eardleyae Aellen Astrophytum myriostigma Lem. Chenopodiaceae Athyrium dilatatum (Blume) Milde Cactaceae ◆ Weed - Nn See: Astrophytum coahuilense Dryopteridaceae Atriplex falcata (M.E.Jones) Standl. (H.Moeller) K.Kayser Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz Chenopodiaceae Astrophytum myriostigma Lem. X Dryopteridaceae Astrophytum capricorne (A.Dietr.) See: Athyrium alpestre Milde, Atriplex halimoides Lindl. nom. illeg. Britton & Rose nom. illeg. Chenopodiaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed = Moq. Astrophytum nuda Möller Athyrium drepanopterum (Kunze) Atriplex halimus L. Cactaceae A.Braun ex Milde Chenopodiaceae Dryopteridaceae ◆ Weed Astrophytum ornatum (DC.) Britton & Rose Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mert. Atriplex hastata L. Cactaceae Dryopteridaceae Chenopodiaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Astydamia latifolia (L. f.) Baill. Apiaceae Athyrium foliolosum T.Moore ex R.Sim Atriplex holocarpa F.Müell. Dryopteridaceae Chenopodiaceae Asyneuma canescens (Waldst. & Kit.) ◆ Weed - Nn Griseb. & Schenk Athyrium frangulum Tagawa Campanulaceae Dryopteridaceae L. Chenopodiaceae Asystasia bella Benth. & Hook. f. Athyrium goeringianum (Kunze) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 Acanthaceae T.Moore Asystasia chelonoides Nees Dryopteridaceae Atriplex inflata F.Müell. Chenopodiaceae Acanthaceae Athyrium mearnsianum (Copel.) (L.) T.Anderson Alderw. Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S.Watson Acanthaceae Dryopteridaceae Chenopodiaceae ◆ ◆ Weed Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Athyrium melanolepis (Franch. Asystasia nemorum Nees & Savat.) Christ. Atriplex leptocarpa F.Müell. Acanthaceae Dryopteridaceae Chenopodiaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - Nn Weed - 3 Athyrium niponicum (Mett.) Hance Asystasia scandens Hook. Dryopteridaceae Atriplex lindleyi Moq. Acanthaceae Chenopodiaceae Athyrium otophorum (Miq.) Koidz. See: Atriplex halimoides Lindl. nom. Asystasia travancorica Bedd. Dryopteridaceae illeg. Acanthaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 5 Ataenidia conferta (Benth.) Milne-Redh. Athyrium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Atriplex muelleri Benth. Tidestrom Chenopodiaceae Dryopteridaceae Atamosco pulchella (J.G.Sm.) Greene ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A = Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Amaryllidaceae Broun Lindl. Ateleia glazioveana Baillon Chenopodiaceae Athyrium rubripes Komar. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 5 ◆ Weed Dryopteridaceae Atriplex nuttallii S. Watson Athyrium subrigescens (Hayata) Athamanta macedonica (L.) Sprengel Chenopodiaceae Hayata ex H.Itô Apiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Dryopteridaceae Athanasia acerosa D.Dietr. Atriplex patula L. Athyrium wardii (Hook.) Makino Asteraceae Chenopodiaceae Dryopteridaceae Athanasia parviflora L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Athyrium yokoscense (Franch. & Sav.) Asteraceae Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S.Watson H.Christ = Hymenolepis parviflora (L.) DC. Chenopodiaceae Dryopteridaceae X laxifolia Hook. Boucher ex DC. Atractylis cancellata L. Taxodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Asteraceae Athyrium accedens Milde ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A ◆ Weed Dryopteridaceae Atriplex pseudocampanulata Aellen Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. Athyrium alpestre Milde nom. illeg. Chenopodiaceae Asteraceae Dryopteridaceae ◆ Weed - Nn = Athyrium distentifolium Tausch Atriplex albicans Aiton ex Opiz Chenopodiaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 61 Atriplex pumilio R.Br. Atylosia cinerea F.Müell. Austrocephalocereus dolichospermaticus Chenopodiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Buining & Brederoo ◆ Weed - Nn Cactaceae A Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Benth. = Micranthocereus R.Br. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae dolichospermaticus (Buining Chenopodiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 & Brederoo) F.Ritter Atylosia sericea Benth. ex Baker Austrocephalocereus dybowskii I.Verd. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Chenopodiaceae (Rol.-Goss.) Backeb. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 5 Aubrieta canescens (Boiss.) Boiss. Cactaceae Brassicaceae = Espostoopsis dybowskii (Gosselin) Atriplex undulata (Moq.) D.Dietr. Buxb. Chenopodiaceae Aubrieta X cultorum Bergmans ◆ Weed Brassicaceae cylindrica ◆ Weed - 2 (Juss. ex Lam.) Backeb. Heward ex Benth. Cactaceae Aubrieta deltoidea (L.) DC. Chenopodiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - Nn Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Austrocylindropuntia ipatiana (Parm. Atropa bella-donna L. ex Pfeiff.) Backeb. Solanaceae Aubrieta erubescens Griseb. Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Brassicaceae = salmiana Parm. ex Pfeiff. Atropa belladonna L. Aubrieta gracilis Spruner ex Boiss. Austrocylindropuntia subulata Solanaceae Brassicaceae (Engelm.) Backeb. ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Aubrieta intermedia Heldr. & Orph. Cactaceae Attalea amygdalina H.B. & K. ex Boiss. = Opuntia subulata (Muehlenpf.) Arecaceae Brassicaceae Engelm. ◆ Weed - 5 Attalea butyracea (Mutis ex L. f.) Aucuba japonica Thunb. Wess. Boer Austrodanthonia mera (Connor Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 & Edgar) H.P.Linder Poaceae Attalea cohune Mart. Aulax cancellata Druce Arecaceae Proteaceae Austromyrtus acmenioides (F.Müell.) See: Orbignya cohune (Mart.) Burret Aulax cneorifolia Knight Dahlgren ex Standl. Myrtaceae Proteaceae Attalea colenda (O.F.Cook) Balslev Austrotaxus spicata Compton Aulax pallasia Stapf & Andr. Hend. Arecaceae Proteaceae michelii (Savi) Parl. Aulax pinifolia P.J.Bergius Attalea crassispatha (Mart.) Burret Poaceae Proteaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Attalea dubia (Mart.) Burret Aulax umbellata (Thunb.) R.Br. abyssinica Hochst. Arecaceae Proteaceae Poaceae Attalea exigua Drude Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv. ◆ Weed - N Arecaceae Brassicaceae Pott ex Link ◆ Weed See: Aethionema saxatile (L.) R.Br., Poaceae Alyssum saxatile L. Attalea geraensis Barb.Rodr. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 ◆ Arecaceae Weed - 2 Avena byzantina K.Koch ◆ Weed Austrocactus bertinii (Cels ex Hérincq) Poaceae Britton & Rose Attalea insignis (Mart.) Drude = Avena sativa L. Cactaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed Austrocactus patagonicus L. (F.A.C.Weber ex Speg.) Hosseus Attalea maripa (Aubl.) Mart. Poaceae Cactaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 - 5 Austrocactus philippii (Regel Attalea oleifera Barb.Rodr. Avena fatua L. X Avena sativa L. & Schmidt) Buxb. Arecaceae Poaceae Cactaceae Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. ◆ Weed - N - 3A Austrocactus spiniflorus (Phil.) F.Ritter Arecaceae Avena sativa L. ◆ Cactaceae Weed Poaceae Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng. Austrocedrus chilensis (D.Don) See: Avena byzantina K.Koch Arecaceae Pic.Serm. & Bizzarri ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 See: Orbignya barbosiana Burret, L. Orbignya speciosa (Mart.) Poaceae Barb.Rodr. nom. illeg. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed

62 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Schreb. Azalea japonica A.Gray Aztekium hintonii Glass & Fitz Poaceae Ericaceae Maurice ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 = Rhododendron molle (Blume) Cactaceae A G.Don ssp. japonicum (A.Gray) Kron Avenastrum compressum (Heuff.) Vierh. Aztekium ritteri (Boed.) Boed. Poaceae Azalea mollis Blume Cactaceae Ericaceae Averrhoa bilimbi L. Azureocereus hertlingianus (Backeb.) = Rhododendron molle (Blume) Oxalidaceae Rauh G.Don ◆ Weed Cactaceae Azalea sinensis G.Lodd. = Browningia hertlingiana (Backeb.) Averrhoa carambola L. Ericaceae Buxb. Oxalidaceae = Rhododendron molle (Blume) ◆ Weed - 2 G.Don (Forssk.) Vierh. Azara celastrina D.Don. Verbenaceae Flacourtiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav. Avonia ruschii (Dinter & Poelln.) Flacourtiaceae G.D.Rowley Portulacaceae Azara integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. Flacourtiaceae Axonopus affinis Chase Poaceae Azara lanceolata Hook. f. = Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm. Flacourtiaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 Azara microphylla Hook. f. Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P.Beauv. Flacourtiaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Azara petiolaris (D.Don) I.M.Johnst. Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm. Flacourtiaceae Poaceae Azara serrata Ruiz & Pav. See: Axonopus affinis Chase Flacourtiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Azara uruguayensis (Speg.) Sleumer Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl) R.M.King Flacourtiaceae & H.Rob. Asteraceae caroliniana Willd. See: Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl Azollaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Aylostera albiflora (F.Ritter & Buining) Backeb. Lam. Cactaceae Azollaceae = Rebutia pulvinosa F.Ritter & Buining ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Aylostera deminuta (F.A.C.Weber) R.Br. Backeb. Azollaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3 - 4 - 5 = Rebutia deminuta Br. & Rose Azorella glebaria A.Gray Aylostera pseudodeminuta (Backbg.) Apiaceae Backbg. Azorella incisa Wedd. Cactaceae Apiaceae Aylthonia macrantha (Lem.) Azorella lycopodioides Gaudich. N.L.Menezes Apiaceae Velloziaceae Azorella peduncularis (H.B. & K.) Aylthonia magalhaesii (L.B.Sm.) Weddell N.L.Menezes Apiaceae Velloziaceae Azorella pedunculata (Spreng.) A.Juss. Mathias & Constance Meliaceae Apiaceae See: Melia azadirachta L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Azorella trifurcata (Gaertn.) Hook. f. Apiaceae Azalea indica L. Ericaceae Azorina vidalii (H.C.Watson) Feer = Rhododendron indicum (L.) Sweet Campanulaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 63 A

64 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Begonia odorata B Credit: Forest & Kim Starr ambigua (Roem. & Schult.) Babiana rubrocyanea (Jacq.) Ker Gawl. Baccharis sagittalis (Less) D.C. B G.J.Lewis Iridaceae Asteraceae Iridaceae Babiana salteri G.J.Lewis Baccharis sarothroides A.Gray Sweet Iridaceae Asteraceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Babiana sambucina (Jacq.) Ker Gawl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Iridaceae Baccharis trinervis (Lam.) Pers. Babiana attenuata G.J.Lewis Asteraceae Babiana scabrifolia Brehm. ex Klatt Iridaceae ◆ Weed Iridaceae Babiana blanda (L.Bolus) G.J.Lewis Bacopa amplexicaulis (Pursh) Wattst. Babiana scariosa G.J.Lewis Iridaceae Scrophulariaceae Iridaceae = Bacopa caroliniana (Walt.) Robins. Babiana cedarbergensis G.J.Lewis Babiana secunda (Thunb.) Ker Gawl. Iridaceae Bacopa aquatica Aubl. Iridaceae Scrophulariaceae Babiana curviscapa G.J.Lewis Babiana sinuata G.J.Lewis ◆ Weed Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed Bacopa caroliniana (Walt.) Robins. Babiana spathacea (L.) Ker Gawl. Scrophulariaceae Babiana disticha Ker Gawl. Iridaceae See: Bacopa amplexicaulis (Pursh) Iridaceae Wattst. ◆ Weed - N (Aiton) Ker Gawl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Iridaceae Babiana dregei Baker ◆ Weed - N - 1A Bacopa egensis (Poepp.) Pennell Iridaceae Scrophulariaceae Babiana thunbergii Ker Gawl. Babiana ecklonii Klatt ◆ Weed - 1 Iridaceae Iridaceae Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell Babiana tubulosa (Burm. f.) Ker Gawl. Babiana hypogea Burchell Scrophulariaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Babiana leipoldtii G.J.Lewis Bacopa procumbens (Mill.) Greenm. Babiana vanzyliae L.Bolus Iridaceae Scrophulariaceae Iridaceae = Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Babiana minuta G.J.Lewis Babiana villosa Ker Gawl. Small Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A Babiana mucronata (Jacq.) Ker Gawl. Babiana villosula (Gmelin) Ker Gawl. Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. Iridaceae ex Steud. Scrophulariaceae (Andrews) Spreng. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Iridaceae Baccaurea angulata Merr. Bacopa sessiliflora (Benth.) Pulle ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Euphorbiaceae Scrophulariaceae Babiana odorata L.Bolus ◆ Weed Baccaurea bracteata Müll.Arg. Iridaceae Euphorbiaceae Bactris brongniartii Mart. Babiana patersoniae L.Bolus Arecaceae Baccaurea hookeri Gage Iridaceae Euphorbiaceae Bactris coloradonis L.H.Bailey Babiana patula N.E.Br. Arecaceae Baccaurea motleyana (Müll.Arg.) Iridaceae Müll.Arg. Bactris concinna Mart. Babiana plicata (L.) Ker Gawl. Euphorbiaceae Arecaceae Iridaceae Baccharis halimifolia L. Bactris gasipaes Kunth Babiana pubescens (Lam.) G.J.Lewis Asteraceae Arecaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Bactris glassmanii Med.-Costa Babiana pulchra (Salisb.) G.J.Lewis Baccharis magellanica (Lam.) Persoon & Noblick ex A.J.Hend. Iridaceae Asteraceae Arecaceae Babiana purpurea (Jacq.) Ker Gawl. Baccharis pilularis DC. Bactris grayumii de Nevers & A.J.Hend. Iridaceae Asteraceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed Babiana pygmaea (Burm. f.) N.E.Br. Bactris guineensis (L.) H.E.Moore Iridaceae Baccharis pingraea DC. Arecaceae Asteraceae Babiana ringens (L.) Ker Gawl. Bactris hondurensis Standl. ◆ Weed - N Iridaceae Arecaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 65 Bactris longiseta H.Wendl. ex Burret balcooa Roxb. Bambusa pervariabilis McClure Arecaceae Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 Bactris major Jacq. Bambusa polymorpha Munro Arecaceae Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed B Bactris militaris H.E.Moore See: Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Arecaceae Bambusa pygmaea Miq. Willd. Poaceae Bactris tomentosa Mart. ◆ Weed Arecaceae Bambusa remotiflora (Kuntze) Bambusa blumeana Schult. & Schult. f. L.C.Chia & H.L.Fung Baeometra uniflora (Jacq.) G.J.Lewis Poaceae Poaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A Bambusa textilis McClure Bambusa castilloni hort. Poaceae Bahia ambrosioides Lag. Poaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Asteraceae = bambusoides Siebold & Zucc. Bambusa tulda Roxb. Baikiaea insignis Benth. Poaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Bambusa chungii McClure ◆ Weed Poaceae Baikiaea plurijuga Harms = Lingnania chungii (McClure) Bambusa tuldoides Munro Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae McClure Poaceae Balaka seemannii Becc. Bambusa vario-striata (W.T.Lin) Arecaceae Bambusa dissimulator McClure Poaceae L.C.Chia & H.L.Fung Balanites maughamii Sprague Poaceae Balanitaceae Bambusa eutuldoides McClure = Dendrocalamopsis vario-striata Poaceae (W.T.Lin) Keng f. Balbisia peduncularis (Lindl.) D.Don Bambusa glaucescens (Willd.) Siebold Bambusa ventricosa McClure ex Holttum Poaceae Baldellia ranunculoides (L.) Parl. Poaceae Alismataceae ◆ Weed - 2 Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C.Wendl. ◆ Weed - 3 Poaceae Bambusa guadua Bonpl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 5 Balfourodendron riedelianum (Engl.) Poaceae Engl. = Guadua angustifolia Kunth Banisteriopsis caapi ( ex Griseb.) Rutaceae ◆ Weed - 1 C.V.Morton Malpighiaceae Ballota acetabulosa Benth. Bambusa heterostachya (Munro) ◆ Weed - 2 Lamiaceae Holttum caleyi R.Br. Ballota africana (L.) Benth. Poaceae Proteaceae Lamiaceae Bambusa lako E.A.Widjaja ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A ◆ Weed Poaceae Banksia canei J.H.Willis Ballota nigra L. Bambusa longispiculata Gamble Proteaceae Lamiaceae ex Brandis ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - N Poaceae L. f. Ballota pseudodictamnus (L.) Benth. ◆ Weed Proteaceae Lamiaceae Bambusa malingensis McClure ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae Baphia racemosa (Hochst.) Baker Balsamita major Desf. Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae ex Schult. & Schult. f. = balsamita L. Poaceae Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek. ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed Acanthaceae Bambusa amplexifolia (J.Presl) Schult. f. Bambusa nana Roxb. Baptisia alba (L.) Vent. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae Poaceae = Guadua amplexifolia J.Presl See: Baptisia lactea (Raf.) Thieret, Bambusa nutans G.C.Wall. ex Munro Baptisia leucantha Torr. & A.Gray Bambusa argenteostriata Regel Poaceae Poaceae Baptisia australis (L.) R.Br. Bambusa oldhamii Munro Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. Poaceae ◆ Weed Poaceae ◆ Weed = Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss Baptisia bracteata Muhlenb. ◆ Weed Bambusa oliveriana Gamble Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae Bambusa aurea Sieber Baptisia lactea (Raf.) Thieret Poaceae Bambusa paniculata Munro Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Rivière Poaceae = Baptisia alba (L.) Vent. var. & C. Rivière = Guadua paniculata Munro macrophylla (Larisey) Isely

66 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Baptisia leucantha Torr. & A.Gray Barnadesia rosea Lindl. Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix) Bosch Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae Ranunculaceae = Baptisia alba (L.) Vent. var. = Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix Barnadesia spinosa L. f. macrophylla (Larisey) Isely ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 Asteraceae Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R.Br. Bauera juncea (Sm.) Walp. Barombia schliebenii (Mansf.) P.J.Cribb B Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cunoniaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Bauera rubiodes Andrews asiatica (L.) Kurz Baptistonia echinata Barb.Rodr. Cunoniaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2 - 5 Barbarea intermedia Boreau aculeata L. Barringtonia calyptrocalyx K.Schum. Brassicaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Lecythidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 ◆ Weed Barringtonia neo-caledonica Vieill. Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch. Bauhinia acuminata L. Lecythidaceae Brassicaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Barringtonia papuana Lauterb. ◆ Weed - N - 1 Lecythidaceae Barbarea vulgaris R.Br. Bauhinia alba Buch.-Ham. ex Wall. Brassicaceae Barringtonia samoensis A.Gray Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Lecythidaceae Bauhinia bidentata Jack Barclaya longifolia Wall. Bartlettina sordida (Less.) R.King Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae & H.Robinson. See: Hydrostemma longifolium Asteraceae Bauhinia X blakeana S.T.Dunn (Wall.) Mabb. See: Eupatorium megalophyllum Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae = Bauhinia variegata L. X Bauhinia Barkeria lindleyana Bateman ex Lindl. (Lem.) Klatt, Eupatorium purpurea L. [most probable Orchidaceae sordidum Less. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2A - 4 combination] Barleria acanthoides Vahl ◆ Weed Acanthaceae Bartschella schumannii Britton & Rose Bauhinia bowkeri Harvey ◆ Weed Cactaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Barleria albostellata C.B.Clarke Bartsia trixago L. Bauhinia candicans Benth. Acanthaceae Scrophulariaceae = Bellardia trixago (L.) All. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Barleria cristata L. ◆ Weed - 1A - 3A = Bauhinia forficata Link ssp. Acanthaceae pruinosa Link (Vogel) Fortunato ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 alba L. & Wunderlin Basellaceae ◆ Weed Barleria eranthemoides R.Br. See: Basella rubra L. Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Bauhinia candida Roxb. ◆ Weed - 3 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Basella rubra L. Barleria lupulina Lindl. Basellaceae Bauhinia championii Benth. Acanthaceae = L. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - 3 Bauhinia corniculata Benth. Barleria micans Nees Basselinia gracilis Brongn. & Griseb. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Acanthaceae Arecaceae Bauhinia corymbosa Roxb. ex DC. Barleria obtusa Nees Basselinia tomentosa Becc. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Acanthaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Bauhinia cuyabensis Steud. Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Barleria prionitis L. Chenopodiaceae ◆ Weed Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4A Bauhinia divaricata L. Bassia indica (Wight) A.J.Scott Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Barleria repens Nees Chenopodiaceae Acanthaceae Bauhinia esculenta Burch. See: Kochia indica Wight ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - 5 See: Tylosema esculentum (Burch.) Barleria strigosa Willd. Bassia paradoxa (R.Br.) F.Müell. A.Schreib. Acanthaceae Chenopodiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Bauhinia faberi Oliv. Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J.Scott Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Barleria ventricosa Nees Chenopodiaceae Acanthaceae Bauhinia fassoglensis Kotschy See: Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. ex Schweinf. Barnadesia caryophylla (Vell.) S.F.Blake ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3A - 4A - 5 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Asteraceae Batatas edulis (Thunb. ex Murray) See: Tylosema fassoglense (Kotschy Barnadesia odorata Griseb. Choisy ex Schweinf.) Torre & Hillc. Asteraceae Convolvulaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 67 Bauhinia flammifera Ridl. Bauhinia rufescens Lam. Beauprea spathulaefolia Brongn. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae & Griseb. Proteaceae Bauhinia forficata Link Bauhinia scandens Sessé & Moc. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Beaupreopsis paniculata (Brongn. B See: Bauhinia candicans Benth. ◆ Weed & Griseb.) Virot ◆ Weed Proteaceae Bauhinia semla Wunderlin Bauhinia galpinii N.E.Br. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Beccariophoenix madagascariensis Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae See: Bauhinia retusa Roxb. nom. illeg. Jum. & H.Perrier See: Bauhinia punctata Bolle, Arecaceae Bauhinia syringifolia (F.Müell.) nom. illeg. ◆ Weed - N - 3 Wunderlin Beesia calthifolia (Maxim. ex Oliv.) Ulbr. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Ranunculaceae Bauhinia genuflexa Craib Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia tomentosa L. Begonia acerifolia Kunth vel aff. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Begoniaceae Bauhinia glabra Jacq. ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Begonia acetosa Vell. Bauhinia touranensis Gagnep. Begoniaceae Bauhinia glauca (Benth.) Wall. ex Benth. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Begonia acida Vell. Bauhinia variegata L. Begoniaceae Bauhinia grandidieri Baill. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 4 - 5 Begonia aconitifolia A.DC. Begoniaceae Bauhinia grandiflora Juss. Bauhinia yunnanensis Franch. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Begonia acutifolia Jacq. ◆ Begoniaceae Bauhinia hookeri F.Müell. Weed Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Baumea veillonis Raynal Begonia albo-picta W.Bull Begoniaceae Bauhinia integrifolia Roxb. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Bazzania involuta (Mont.) Trev. Begonia X angularis Raddi Begoniaceae Bauhinia involucellata Kurs Lepidoziaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Beaucarnea goldmanii Rose Begonia annulata K.Koch Begoniaceae Bauhinia kockiana Korth. Agavaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Beaucarnea gracilis Lem. Begonia X argenteo-guttata M.Lemoine Begoniaceae Bauhinia malabarica Roxb. Agavaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Beaucarnea guatemalensis Rose Begonia aridicaulis Ziesenh. Begoniaceae Kurz Agavaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Beaucarnea pliabilis (Baker) Rose Begonia aridicaulis Ziesenh. X Begonia ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 5 Agavaceae heracleifolia Cham. & Schltdl. Begoniaceae Bauhinia multinervia (Kunth) DC. Beaucarnea recurvata Lem. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Agavaceae Begonia attenuata A.DC. ◆ Weed See: Nolina recurvata (Lem.) Hemsl. Begoniaceae Bauhinia natalensis Oliv. ex Hook. Beaucarnea stricta Lemaire Begonia auriculata Hook. f. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Agavaceae Begoniaceae Bauhinia pauletia Pers. Beaumontia fragrans Pierre ex Pit. Begonia boisiana Gagnep. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Apocynaceae Begoniaceae ◆ Weed Beaumontia grandiflora (Roxb.) Wall. Begonia boliviensis A.DC. Bauhinia petersiana Bolle Apocynaceae Begoniaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Beauprea asplenioides Schltr. Begonia bowerae Ziesenh. Bauhinia petiolata (DC.) Hook. Proteaceae Begoniaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Beauprea balansae Brongn. & Griseb. Begonia bowerae Ziesenh. X Begonia Bauhinia punctata Bolle nom. illeg. Proteaceae carrieae Ziesenh. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Begoniaceae = Bauhinia galpinii N.E.Br. Beauprea gracilis Brongn. & Griseb. Proteaceae Begonia bowerae Ziesenh. X Begonia Bauhinia purpurea L. heracleifolia Cham. & Schltdl. Beauprea neglecta Virot Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Begoniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Proteaceae Begonia bowerae Ziesenh. X Begonia Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Beauprea pancheri Brongn. & Griseb. mazae Ziesenh. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Proteaceae Begoniaceae Bauhinia retusa Roxb. nom. illeg. Beauprea paniculata (Brongn. Begonia bowerae Ziesenh. X Begonia Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae & Griseb.) Virot thiemei C.DC. = Bauhinia semla Wunderlin Proteaceae Begoniaceae

68 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Begonia bradei Irmsch. Begonia dietrichiana Irmsch. Begonia heracleifolia Cham. & Schltdl. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae X Begonia sandtii Houghton ex Ziesenh. Begonia carolineifolia Regel Begonia dipetala Graham Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia heracleifolia Cham. & Schltdl. Begonia carrieae Ziesenh. Begonia dregei Otto & A.Dietr. B X Begonia strigulosa DC. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia carrieae Ziesenh. X Begonia Begonia X duchartrei Bruant ex André Begonia herbacea Vell. carolineifolia Regel Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia echinosepala Regel Begonia X hiemalis Fotsch Begonia cinnabarina Hooker Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia egregia N.E.Br. = Begonia socotrana Hook. f. Begonia clarkei Hook. f. Begoniaceae X Begonia X tuberhybrida Voss Begoniaceae Begonia epipsila Brade Begonia hirtella Link Begonia coccinea Hook. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 Begonia X erythrophylla Neumann Begoniaceae Begonia homonyma Steud. Begonia compta W.Bull = Begonia hydrocotylifolia Otto Begoniaceae Begoniaceae ex Hook. X Begonia manicata Begonia hydrocotylifolia Otto ex Hook. Begonia conchifolia A.Dietr. Brongn. ex Cels Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia evansiana Andrews Begonia imperialis Lem. Begonia convolvulacea A.DC. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Begonia imperialis Lem. X Begonia Begonia fagifolia Fisch. heracleifolia Cham. & Schltdl. Begonia corallina Carrière Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia fenicis Merr. ◆ Weed Begonia incana Lindl. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia crassicaulis Lindl. Begonia fernandoi-costae Irmsch. Begoniaceae Begonia incarnata Link & Otto Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia X credneri Haage & Schmidt Begonia foliosa Kunth Begoniaceae Begonia involucrata Liebm. Begoniaceae = Begonia metallica W.G.Smith Begoniaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 X Begonia scharffiana Regel Begonia itaguassuensis Brade Begonia fruticosa A.DC. Begonia crenata Dryand. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia johnstonii Oliv. ex Hook. f. Begonia cubensis Hassk. Begonia fuchsiifolia (A.DC.) Warb. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia kellermanii C.DC. Begonia cucullata Willd. Begonia fuchsioides Hook. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia kenworthyae Ziesenh. See: Begonia semperflorens Link Begonia X fuscomaculata A.Lange Begoniaceae & Otto Begoniaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Begonia komoensis Irmsch. Begonia gehrtii Irmsch. Begoniaceae Begonia davisii Veitch ex Hook. f. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia laciniata Roxb. Begonia glabra Aubl.McPherson Begoniaceae Begonia decora Stapf Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia langeana Fotsch Begonia goegoensis N.E.Br. Begoniaceae Begonia deliciosa Linden ex Fotsch Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia leathermaniae O’Reilly Begonia gracilis Kunth & Kareg. Begonia diadema Linden ex Rodigas Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia grandis Dryand. Begonia leptotricha C.DC. Begonia dichotoma Jacq. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Begonia limmingheiana E.Morr. Begonia dichroa Sprague Begonia X heracleicotyle Veitch Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae ◆ Weed Begonia lindleyana Walp. Begonia heracleifolia Cham. & Schltdl. Begoniaceae Begonia dichroa Sprague X Begonia Begoniaceae maculata Raddi Begonia listada L.B.Sm. & Wassh. ◆ Weed - 2 Begoniaceae Begoniaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 69 Begonia lobata Schott. Begonia ottonis Walp. Begonia sanguinea Raddi. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia lobulata A.DC. Begonia oxyphylla A.DC. Begonia sartorii Liebm. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae B Begonia loranthoides Hook. f. Begonia palmata D.Don Begonia scabrida A.DC. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia lubbersii Morr. Begonia parilis Irmsch. Begonia sceptrum Carrière Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia luxurians Scheidw. Begonia partita Irmsch. Begonia scharffiana Regel Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia luxurians Scheidw. X Begonia Begonia paulensis A.DC. Begonia scharffii Hook. f. scharffii Hook. f. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia pearcei Hook. f. Begonia schmidtiana Regel Begonia luzonensis Warb. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia petasitifolia Brade Begonia semperflorens Link & Otto Begonia macduffieana L.B.Sm. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae & B.G.Schub. Begonia philodendroides Ziesenh. = Begonia cucullata Willd. var. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae semperflorens (A.DC.) L.B.Sm. & Schub. Begonia maculata Raddi Begonia pilifera A.DC. ◆ Weed Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia X semperflorens-cultorum hort. Begonia malabarica Lam. Begonia polygonoides Hook. f. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae = Begonia cucullata Willd. X Begonia manicata Brongn. ex Cels Begonia popenoei Standl. Begonia schmidtiana Regel ◆ Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Weed - 2 Begonia masoniana Irmsch. Begonia procumbens Vell. Begonia serratipetala Irmsch. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia massoniana Irmsch. Begonia pustulata Liebm. Begonia setosa Klotzsch Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia mazae Ziesenh. Begonia pycnantha Urb. & Ekman Begonia sharpeana F.Müell. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia mazae Ziesenh. & Cham. Begonia radicans Vell. Begonia socotrana Hook. f. X Begonia heracleifolia Schltdl. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia reniformis Dry. Begonia solananthera A.DC. Begonia metallica W.G.Smith Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae ◆ Weed Begonia sonderiana Irmsch. Begonia minor Jacq. Begonia rex Putz. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia squamulosa Hook. f. ◆ Begonia molleri (C.DC.) Warb. Weed - 2 Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia rex-cultorum L.H.Bailey Begonia stipulacea Willd. Begonia multinervia Liebm. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia rhopalocarpa Warb. Begonia strigulosa DC. Begonia natalensis Hook. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia X ricinifolia A.Dietr. Begonia subvillosa Klotzsch Begoniaceae Begonia nelumbiifolia Cham. & Schltdl. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia robusta Blume Begonia suffruticosa Meisn. ◆ Weed - 2 Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia odeteiantha Handro Begonia rotundifolia Lam. Begonia sulcata Scheidw. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia odorata Willd. Begonia roxburghii A.DC. Begonia sutherlandii Hook. f. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia olbia Kerch. Begonia salomonensis Merr. Begonia taiwaniana Hayata Begoniaceae & L.M.Perry Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begonia olsoniae L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub. Begonia thelmae L.B.Sm. & Wassh. Begoniaceae Begonia sandtii Houghton ex Ziesenh. Begoniaceae Begoniaceae

70 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Begonia thiemei C.DC. Belamcanda pampaninii H.Lév. Bencomia sphaerocarpa Svent. Begoniaceae Iridaceae Rosaceae Begonia thiemei C.DC. X Begonia Bellardia trixago (L.) All. Benincasa cerifera Savi carolineifolia Regel Scrophulariaceae Cucurbitaceae Begoniaceae See: Bartsia trixago L. = Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. B ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4 - 5 Begonia tomentosa Schott Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. Begoniaceae Bellevalia ciliata (Cyr.) Nees Cucurbitaceae Liliaceae See: Benincasa cerifera Savi Begonia tonduzii C.DC. ◆ Begoniaceae Bellevalia dubia (Guss.) Roem. & Schult. Weed - N Liliaceae Begonia X tuberhybrida Voss Bentinckia nicobarica (Kurz) Becc. Begoniaceae Bellevalia flexuosa Boiss. Arecaceae ◆ See: Begonia tuberosa Lam. Liliaceae Weed - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed Begonia tuberosa Lam. Benzoin odoriferum Nees Begoniaceae Bellevalia glauca (Lind) Kunth Lauraceae = Begonia X tuberhybrida Voss Liliaceae Berberidopsis corallina Hook. f. = Hyacinthus ciliatus Cyrill. Begonia ulmifolia Willd. Flacourtiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Begoniaceae Berberis aemulans C.K.Schneid. Bellevalia longistyla (Miscz.) Grossh. Begonia undulata Schott Berberidaceae Liliaceae Begoniaceae Berberis aetnensis C.Presl Bellevalia paradoxa (Fisch. Begonia urophylla Hook. Berberidaceae & C.A.Mey.) Boiss. Begoniaceae Liliaceae Berberis aggregata C.K.Schneid. Begonia valida Goebel Berberidaceae Bellevalia romana (L.) Reichb. Begoniaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Liliaceae Begonia veitchii Hook. f. ◆ Weed - 2 Berberis amurensis Rupr. Begoniaceae Berberidaceae Bellis annua L. Begonia velloziana Walp. Asteraceae Berberis angulosa Wall. ex Hook. f. Begoniaceae ◆ Weed - 3 & Thomson Berberidaceae Begonia venosa Hook. f. Bellis perennis L. Begoniaceae Asteraceae Berberis approximata Sprague ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Berberidaceae Begonia X verschaffeltii Regel Begoniaceae Bellis rotundifolia (Desf.) Boiss. & Reuter Berberis arido-calida Ahrendt Asteraceae Berberidaceae Begonia vitifolia Schott Begoniaceae Bellium bellidioides L. Berberis aristata DC. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Asteraceae Berberidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Begonia X weltoniensis André. Begoniaceae Bellium minutum (L.) L. Berberis atrocarpa C.K.Schneid. Asteraceae Begonia wollnyi Herzog Berberidaceae Begoniaceae Beloperone auriculata Nees Berberis beaniana C.K.Schneid. Acanthaceae Begonia wollnyi Herzog X Begonia Berberidaceae mazae Ziesenh. Beloperone californica Benth. Berberis bergmanniae C.K.Schneid. Begoniaceae Acanthaceae Berberidaceae = Justicia californica (Benth.) Begonia xanthina Hook. D.N.Gibson Berberis boschanii Schneid. Begoniaceae Berberidaceae Beloperone guttata Brandegee Behnia reticulata (Thunb.) Didr. Acanthaceae Berberis brachypoda Maxim. = Justicia brandegeana Wassh. Berberidaceae & L.B.Sm. berteroana (Gay) Kosterm. Berberis buxifolia Lam. ◆ Weed Lauraceae Berberidaceae Beilschmiedia miersii (Gay) Kosterm. Belvisia squamata (Hieron. ex C.Chr.) ◆ Weed - 2 Copel. Lauraceae Berberis calliantha Mulligan Lecythidaceae Beilschmiedia tawa (A.Cunn.) Kirk Berberidaceae Lauraceae Bencomia brachystachya Svent. Berberis canadensis Mill. Rosaceae Belamcanda bulbifera (L.) Moench Berberidaceae Iridaceae Bencomia caudata Webb & Berthel. ◆ Weed Rosaceae Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. Berberis candidula (C.K.Schneid.) Iridaceae Bencomia exstipulata Svent. C.K.Schneid. ◆ Weed - N - 2 Rosaceae Berberidaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 71 Berberis X carminea Ahrendt Berberis gagnepainii C.K.Schneid. Berberis manipurana Ahrendt Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberidaceae = Berberis aggregata C.K.Schneid. ◆ Weed - 2 Berberis mekongensis W.W.Sm. X Berberis wilsoniae Hemsl. & Wils. Berberis gilgiana Fedde Berberidaceae Berberis cavaleriei H.Lév. Berberidaceae B Berberis morrisonensis Hayata Berberidaceae Berberis globosa Benth. Berberidaceae Berberis cerasina Schrad. Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberis oblonga (Regel) C.K.Schneid. Berberis gracilis Hartw. ex Benth. Berberidaceae Berberis chinensis Poir. Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberis X ottawensis C.K.Schneid. Berberis griffithiana Schneid. Berberidaceae Berberis chitria Lindl. Berberidaceae = DC. X Berberis Berberidaceae vulgaris L. Berberis gyalaica Ahrendt ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Berberis circumserrata (C.K.Schneid.) Berberidaceae C.K.Schneid. Berberis pallens Franch. Berberis hakeoides (Hook. f.) Berberidaceae Berberidaceae C.K.Schneid. Berberis concinna Hook. f. & Thomson Berberidaceae Berberis parvifolia Sprague nom. illeg. Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberis heterophylla Juss. ex Poir. = Berberis wilsoniae Hemsl. var. Berberis congestiflora Gay Berberidaceae Berberidaceae parvifolia Ahrendt Berberis heteropoda Schrenk ex Fisch. Berberis poiretii C.K.Schneid. Berberis coryi H.J.Veitch & C.A.Mey. Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberis polyantha Hemsl. Berberis coxii Schneid. Berberis hookeri Lem. Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberis crataegina DC. ◆ Weed Berberis potaninii Maxim. Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberis ilicifolia G.Forst. Hook. Berberidaceae Berberis prattii C.K.Schneid. Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberis insignis Hook. f. & Thomson ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Berberidaceae Berberis provincialis Audib. ex Schrad. Berberis dasystachya Maxim. Berberidaceae Berberis jamesiana Forrest & W.W.Sm. Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberis pruinosa Franch. Berberis declinata Schrad. Berberidaceae Berberis julianae C.K.Schneid. Berberidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Berberidaceae Berberis densiflora Raf. ◆ Weed - 2 Berberis pumila Greene Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberis kawakamii Hayata Berberis diaphana Maxim. Berberidaceae Berberis replicata W.W.Sm. Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberis koreana Palib. Berberis dictyophylla Franch. Berberidaceae Berberis X rubrostilla Chitt. Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberis latifolia Ruiz & Pav. ◆ Weed - 2 Berberis dielsiana Fedde Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberis sanguinea K.Koch Berberis lecomtei C.K.Schneid. Berberidaceae Berberis dubia C.K.Schneid. Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberis sargentiana C.K.Schneid. Berberis lempergiana Ahrendt Berberidaceae Berberis dulcis Sweet Berberidaceae Berberidaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Berberis lepidifolia Ahrendt Weed Berberis sibirica Pall. Berberidaceae Berberis edgeworthiana C.K.Schneid. Berberidaceae Berberis linearifolia Phil. Berberidaceae Berberis soulieana C.K.Schneid. Berberidaceae Berberis empetrifolia Lam. Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberis X lologensis Sandwith ◆ Weed Berberidaceae Berberis X stenophylla Hance Berberis floribunda Wall. ex G.Don = Berberis darwinii Hook. X Berberis Berberidaceae Berberidaceae linearifolia Phil. = Berberis darwinii Hook. X Berberis Berberis franchetiana C.K.Schneider Berberis loxensis Benth. empetrifolia Lam. Berberidaceae Berberidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Berberis francisci-ferdinandi Berberis lycium Royle Berberis subcauliata C.Schneider C.K.Schneid. Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberidaceae

72 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Berberis suberecta Ahrendt Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. Berzelia abrotanoides Brongn. Berberidaceae Saxifragaceae Bruniaceae ◆ Weed Berberis taliensis Schneid. Berzelia galpinii Pillans Berberidaceae Bergenia cordifolia (Haw.) Sternb. Bruniaceae Saxifragaceae Berberis taylorii Ahrendt Berzelia intermedia Schltdl. B ◆ Weed - 2 Berberidaceae Bruniaceae Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch ◆ Weed Berberis thunbergii DC. Saxifragaceae Berberidaceae Berzelia lanuginosa Brongn. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Bruniaceae Bergenia delavayi (Franch.) Engl. Berberis tischleri C.K.Schneid. Berzelia rubra (Willd.) Schltdl. Saxifragaceae Berberidaceae Bruniaceae Bergenia purpurascens (Hook. f. Berberis triacanthophora Fedde Beschorneria bracteata Jacobi & Thomson) Engl. Berberidaceae Agavaceae Saxifragaceae Berberis tsarongensis Stapf ◆ Weed Beschorneria chiapensis Matuda Berberidaceae Agavaceae Bergenia X schmidtii (Regel) Silva-Tar Berberis turcomanica Karelin Saxifragaceae Beschorneria pubescens A.Berger Berberidaceae = Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Stenb. Agavaceae X Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsh Berberis veitchii C.K.Schneid. Beschorneria rigida Rose ◆ Weed - 2 Berberidaceae Agavaceae Bergenia stracheyi (Hook. f. Berberis vernae C.K.Schneid. Beschorneria tubiflora Kunth & Thoms.) Engl. Berberidaceae Agavaceae Saxifragaceae Berberis verruculosa Hemsl. Beschorneria yuccoides K.Koch Bergeranthus artus L.Bolus & E.H.Wilson Agavaceae Aizoaceae Berberidaceae Bessera elegans Schult. f. ◆ Weed - 2 Bergeranthus katbergensis L.Bolus Liliaceae Aizoaceae Berberis virescens Hook. f. & Thomson Besseya wyomingensis (A.Nels.) Rydb. Berberidaceae Bergeranthus multiceps Schwant. Scrophulariaceae Aizoaceae Berberis virgetorum C.K.Schneid. Beta vulgaris L. Berberidaceae Bergeranthus scapiger (Haw.) Chenopodiaceae Schwantes L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Aizoaceae Berberidaceae Betonica officinalis L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Bergeranthus vespertinus (A.Berger) Lamiaceae Schwantes Berberis wallichiana DC. = Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis. Aizoaceae Berberidaceae Betula alba L. Bergerocactus emoryi (Engelm.) Berberis wilsoniae Hemsl. Betulaceae Britton & Rose Berberidaceae = Betula pubescens Ehrh. Cactaceae See: Berberis parvifolia Sprague ◆ Weed nom. illeg. rigida (Thunb.) Bol. Betula albosinensis Burkill ◆ Weed - 2 & Wolley-Dod ex Levyns Betulaceae Asteraceae Berberis xanthoxylon Hassk. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Berberidaceae Betula alleghaniensis Britton Berlandiera lyrata Benth. Berberis yunnanensis Franch. Betulaceae Asteraceae Berberidaceae See: Betula lutea Michx. f. Berrya javanica (Turcz.) Burret ◆ Weed - 2 Berchemia floribunda (Wall.) Brongn. Tiliaceae Rhamnaceae Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Bersama lucens (Hochst.) Szyszyl. Betulaceae Berchemia lineata (L.) DC. Rhamnaceae Betula apoiensis Nakai Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. Betulaceae Berchemia racemosa Sieb. & Zucc. Lecythidaceae Rhamnaceae Betula atrata Domin ◆ Weed - 5 Betulaceae Berchemia scandens (Hill) K.Koch Bertolonia marmorata (Naudin) Naudin Rhamnaceae Betula aurata Borkh. Melastomataceae ◆ Weed Betulaceae Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville Berchemia zeyheri (Sand.) Grubov Betula austro-sinensis Chun ex P.C.li Apiaceae Rhamnaceae Betulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 73 Betula X caerulea Blanch. Betula nana L. Betula tortuosa Ledeb. Betulaceae Betulaceae Betulaceae See: Betula caerulea-grandis Blanch. ◆ Weed = Betula pubescens Ehrh. ssp. tortuosa (Ledeb.) Nyman Betula caerulea-grandis Blanch. Betula nigra L. B Betulaceae Betulaceae Betula turkestanica Litv. = Betula X caerulea Blanch. var. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Betulaceae grandis Blanch. Betula obscura Kotula Betula ulmifolia Sieb. & Zucc. Betula celtiberica Rothm. & Vasc. Betulaceae Betulaceae Betulaceae Betula occidentalis Hook. Betula utilis D.Don Betula corylifolia Regel & Maxim. Betulaceae Betulaceae Betulaceae ◆ Weed Betula verrucosa Ehrh. Betula costata Trautv. Betula papyrifera Marshall Betulaceae Betulaceae Betulaceae = Betula pendula Roth ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Betula ermanii Cham. Biarum carratracense (Haenseler Betulaceae Betula paraermanii V.N.Vassil. ex Willk.) Font Quer Betulaceae Araceae Betula forrestii (W.W.Sm.) Hand.-Mazz. Betulaceae Betula pendula Roth Biarum davisii Turrill Betulaceae Araceae Betula fruticosa Pall. See: Betula verrucosa Ehrh. Betulaceae Biarum dispar (Schott) Talavera ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 Araceae Betula glandulosa Michx. Betula pendula Roth. X Betula Betulaceae Biarum eximium (Schott & Kotschy) pubescens Ehrh. ◆ Weed - 3 Engler Betulaceae Araceae Betula grossa Sieb. & Zucc. ◆ Weed Betulaceae Biarum tenuifolium (L.) Schott Betula platyphylla Sukaczev Araceae Betula humilis Schrank Betulaceae Betulaceae See: Betula japonica Siebold ex atrosanguineus (Hook.) Ortgies H.J.P.Winkl. nom. inval., Betula ex Regel Betula jacquemontii Spach mandshurica (Regel) Nakai Asteraceae Betulaceae ◆ Weed = Betula utilis D.Don. var. Bidens bipinnata L. jacquemontii (Spach) H.J.P.Winkl. Betula populifolia Marshall Asteraceae Betulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Betula japonica Siebold ex H.J.P.Winkl. ◆ Weed - 3 nom. inval. Bidens cosmoides (Gray) Sherff Betulaceae Betula potaninii Batalin Asteraceae = Betula platyphylla Sukaczev var. Betulaceae Bidens ferulifolia (Jacq.) DC. japonica (Miq.) Hara Betula pubescens Ehrh. Asteraceae Betula kirghisorum Sav.-Rycz. Betulaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Betulaceae See: Betula alba L., Betula tortuosa Bidens formosa (Bonato) Sch.Bip. Ledeb. Betula korshinskyi Litv. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Betulaceae = bipinnatus Cav. Betula pumila L. ◆ Weed - 2A - 3 Betula lenta L. Betulaceae Betulaceae Bidens humilis Kunth ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Betula raddeana Trautv. Asteraceae Betulaceae = Bidens triplinervia Kunth var. Betula litwinowii Doluch. macrantha (Wedd.) Sherff Betulaceae Betula rockii (Rehder) Jansson ◆ Weed Betulaceae Betula luminifera H.J.P.Winkl. L. Betulaceae Betula sandbergii Britton Asteraceae Betulaceae Betula lutea Michx. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Betulaceae Betula schmidtii Regel Bidens subalternans DC. = Betula alleghaniensis Britton Betulaceae Asteraceae Betula mandshurica (Regel) Nakai Betula szechuanica (C.K.Schneid.) ◆ Weed - N - 3A - 5 Betulaceae C.-A.Jansson L. = Betula platyphylla Sukaczev Betulaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed Betula maximowicziana Regel ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Betulaceae Betula tatewakiana M.Ohki & S.Watan. Bidens triplinervia Kunth Betulaceae Betula medwediewii Regel Asteraceae Betulaceae See: Bidens humilis Kunth

74 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Bifora testiculata (L.) Spreng. Billbergia distachia (Vell.) Mez Biota orientalis (L.) Endl. Apiaceae Bromeliaceae Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3A - 4A = Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco Billbergia euphemiae M.B.Frost Bifrenaria harrisoniae (Hooker) Rchb. f. Bromeliaceae javanica Blume Orchidaceae Euphorbiaceae Billbergia gigantea C.Chev. B ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Bifrenaria inodora Lindl. Bromeliaceae Orchidaceae Biserrula pelecinus L. Billbergia horrida Regel Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Bifrenaria tetragona (Lindl.) Schltr. Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Billbergia horrida Regel X Billbergia Bismarckia nobilis Hildebrandt Bifrenaria tyrianthina (Lodd. ex Loudon) euphemiae M.B.Frost & H.Wendl. Rchb. f. Bromeliaceae Arecaceae Orchidaceae Billbergia leptopoda L.B.Smith Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H.Stirt. Bignonia capreolata L. Bromeliaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Bignoniaceae Billbergia macrocalyx Hooker See: Psoralea bituminosa L. ◆ Weed Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed Bignonia lindleyi DC. Billbergia magnifica Mez L. Bignoniaceae Bromeliaceae Bignonia rosea Pav. ex DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Billbergia morelii Brogn. Bignoniaceae Bromeliaceae Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Huds. = Delostoma dentatum D.Don Billbergia nutans H.Wendl. ex Regel Bijlia cana N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - N - 3 Bromeliaceae Aizoaceae Blaeria filago Alm & T.C.E.Fr. Billbergia pallidiflora Liebm. Bijlia dilatata H.E.K.Hartmann Ericaceae Bromeliaceae Aizoaceae acmella (L.) Philipson Billbergia porteana Brongn. ex Beer Bijlia tugwelliae (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer Asteraceae Bromeliaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Billbergia pyramidalis (Sims) Lindl. Bikkia grandiflora Reinw. ex Blume Blainvillea gayana Cass. Bromeliaceae Rubiaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 3A Bikkia macrophylla K.Schum Billbergia rosea Beer Rubiaceae attenuatum (Sw.) Mett. Bromeliaceae Biljia cana H.E.K.Hartmann See: Billbergia venezuelana Mez. Aizoaceae Blechnum australe L. Billbergia sanderiana E.Morr. Blechnaceae heterophylla (Lindl.) Bromeliaceae L.W.Cayzer & Crisp Blechnum brasiliense Desv. Billbergia saundersii W.Bull Blechnaceae ex Dombrain See: Sollya heterophylla Lindl. ◆ Weed Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A = Billbergia chlorosticta Saunders Blechnum capense (L.) Schlecht. Billbergia alfonsi-joannis Reitz. ex Mast. Blechnaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed Billbergia venezuelana Mez. Billbergia amoena (G.Lodd.) Lindl. Bromeliaceae Blechnum chilense (Kaulf.) Mett. Bromeliaceae = Billbergia rosea Beer Blechnaceae Billbergia brasiliensis L.B.Sm. Billbergia viridiflora H.L.Wendl. Blechnum cordatum (Desv.) Hieron. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Blechnaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Billbergia X breauteana André Billbergia vittata Brongn. ex Morel Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Blechnum discolor (Forst. f.) Keyserl. Blechnaceae Billbergia buchholtzii Mez Billbergia vittata Brongn ex Morel Bromeliaceae X Billbergia zebrina (Herb.) Lindl. Blechnum fragile (Liebm.) C.V.Morton Bromeliaceae & Lellinger Billbergia chiapensis Matuda Blechnaceae Bromeliaceae Billbergia X windii Baker Bromeliaceae Blechnum fraseri (A.Cunn.) Luerss. Billbergia chlorosticta Saunders ex Mast. Blechnaceae Bromeliaceae Billbergia zebrina (Herb.) Lindl. See: Billbergia saundersii W.Bull Bromeliaceae Blechnum fraxinifolium Desv. ex Dombrain Blechnaceae Biophytum sensitivum DC. Billbergia decora Poepp. & Endl. Oxalidaceae Blechnum gibbum (Labill.) Mett. Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Blechnaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 75 Blechnum glandulosum Kaulf. ex Link gigantea Satake Bomarea hirtella (Kunth) Herb. Blechnaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed Boehmeria grandifolia Wedd. Bomarea kalbreyeri Baker Blechnum minus (R.Br.) Ettingsh. Urticaceae Liliaceae X Blechnum wattsii Tindale B Boehmeria longispica Steud. Bomarea lobbiana Kraenzl. Blechnaceae Urticaceae Liliaceae Blechnum moorei C.Chr. Blechnaceae Boehmeria nipononivea Koidz. Bomarea multiflora (L.) Mirb. Urticaceae Liliaceae Blechnum occidentale L. ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 1 Blechnaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich. Bomarea salsilla (L.) Mirb. Urticaceae Liliaceae Blechnum polypodioides Raddi ◆ Weed - N - 1A Blechnaceae Bomarea shuttleworthii Mast. Boehmeria platanifolia Franch. & Sav. Liliaceae Blechnum punctulatum Sw. Urticaceae Blechnaceae Bomarea uncifolia Herb. Boehmeria sieboldiana Blume Liliaceae Blechnum serrulatum Rich. Urticaceae Blechnaceae Bombacopsis glabra (Pasq.) A.Robyns Boehmeria tenacissima Gaudich Bombacaceae Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. Urticaceae Blechnaceae Bombacopsis quinata (Jacq.) Dugand ◆ Weed Boerhavia chinensis (L.) Asch. Bombacaceae & Schweinf. Bombax buonopozense P.Beauv. Blechnum tabulare (Thunb.) Kuhn Nyctaginaceae Blechnaceae Bombacaceae ◆ Weed Boerhavia dominii Meikle & Hewson Bombax costatum Pellegrin & Vuillet Nyctaginaceae Bletia nelsonii Ames Bombacaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A Orchidaceae Bombax ellipticum Kunth Boerhavia repanda Willd. Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb. f. Bombacaceae Nyctaginaceae Orchidaceae = Pseudobombax ellipticum (Kunth) ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Dugand Bolax glebaria Comm. ex Lam. Blighia sapida K.D.Koenig Bommeria hispida (Mett. ex Kuhn) Apiaceae Sapindaceae Underwood ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Bolbitis heteroclita (C.Presl) Ching Pteridaceae Lomariopsidaceae Bloomeria crocea (Torrey) Cov. Bommeria knoblochii Maxon Liliaceae Bolbitis heudelotii (Bory ex Fee) Alston Pteridaceae Lomariopsidaceae Blossfeldia liliputana Werderm. Bonamia menziesii A.Gray Cactaceae Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla Convolvulaceae Cyperaceae Blotiella natalensis (Hook.) R.M.Tryon Bontia daphnoides L. See: Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Dennstaedtiaceae Myoporaceae Lye, Scirpus maritimus L. ◆ Weed Bobea timonioides (Hook. f.) Hbd. ◆ Weed - 3 Rubiaceae Boophone disticha (L. f.) Herb. Bolivicereus samaipatanus Cárdenas Liliaceae Bocconia arborea S.Watson Cactaceae ◆ Papaveraceae Weed - 3 Boltonia asteroides (L.) L’Hérit. Boophone guttata (L.) Herb. Bocconia cordata Willd. Asteraceae Liliaceae Papaveraceae ◆ Weed - 2 = Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br. = Crossyne guttata (L.) D.Müller- Boltonia incisa (Fisch.) Benth. Doblies & U.Müller-Doblies Bocconia frutescens L. Asteraceae Papaveraceae Boophone haemanthoides ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 Bolusanthus speciosus (Bolus) Harms F.M.Leighton Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae Boechera holboellii (Hornem.) Á.Löve & D.Löve Bolusiella maudiae (Bolus) Schltr. Boquila trifoliata (DC.) Decne. Brassicaceae Orchidaceae Lardizabalaceae Boehmeria argentea Linden Bomarea acutifolia (Link. & Otto.) Herb. Borago laxiflora (DC.) Fisch. nom. illeg. Urticaceae Liliaceae Boraginaceae = Borago pygmaea (DC.) Chater Boehmeria biloba Wedd. Bomarea caldasii (Kunth) Herb. & Greuter Urticaceae Liliaceae Borago officinalis L. Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. Bomarea edulis (Tussac) Herb. Boraginaceae Urticaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - 2

76 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Borago pygmaea (DC.) Chater Borzicactus paucicostatus (Ritter) Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A.Camus & Greuter Donald Poaceae Boraginaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 See: Borago laxiflora (DC.) Fisch. Borzicactus samaipatanus (Cardenas) Bothriocline fusca (S.Moore) nom. illeg. Kimnach M.G.Gilbert ◆ Weed - 2 B Cactaceae Asteraceae Borassodendron machadonis (Ridley) = Cleistocactus samaipatanus Bothrocaryum controversum (Hemsl.) Becc. (Cardenas) D.R.Hunt Pojark. Arecaceae Borzicactus websterianus Backeb. Cornaceae Borassus aethiopum Mart. Cactaceae = Cornus controversa Hemsl. ex Prain Arecaceae = Cleistocactus sepium (Kunth) Bouea burmanica Griff. A.Weber Borassus flabellifer L. Anacardiaceae Arecaceae X Borzipostoa mirabilis (Rauh Bougainvillea X buttiana Holttum & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley Boronella koniambiensis (Däniker) & Standl. Cactaceae T.G.Hartley Nyctaginaceae See: Neobinghamia mirabilis Rauh Rutaceae = Bougainvillea glabra Choisy X & Backeb. See: koniambiensis Däniker Bougainvillea peruviana Humb. Bosea amherstiana (Moq.) Hook. f. & Bonpl. Boronia elatior Bartl. Amaranthaceae ◆ Weed Rutaceae Bosea yervamora L. Bougainvillea glabra Choisy Boronia koniambiensis Däniker Amaranthaceae Nyctaginaceae Rutaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A = Boronella koniambiensis (Däniker) Boswellia sacra Flueck. T.G.Hartley Bougainvillea peruviana Humb. & Bonpl. Nyctaginaceae Boronia viminea Lindl. Boswellia serratta Roxb. ex Colebr. Rutaceae Burseraceae Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Nyctaginaceae Borreria assurgens (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb. Boswellia thurifera Roxb. ex Flem. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Rubiaceae Burseraceae = Spermacoce remota Lam. Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Bothriochilus bellus Lem. X Bougainvillea glabra Choisy Borzicactus aureispinus (Ritt.) Rowley Orchidaceae Nyctaginaceae Cactaceae Bothriochloa biloba S.T. Blake Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. X Borzicactus celsianus (Lem. ex Salm- Poaceae Bougainvillea glabra Choisy X Dyck) Kimnach ◆ Weed - Nn Bougainvillea peruviana Humb. Cactaceae Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T.Blake & Bonpl. = Oreocereus celsianus (Lem. Poaceae Nyctaginaceae ex Salm-Dyck) Riccob. See: Bothriochloa caucasica (Trin.) Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. X Borzicactus doelzianus (Backeb.) C.E.Hubb., Bothriochloa intermedia Bougainvillea peruviana Humb. Kimnach (R.Br.) A.Camus & Bonpl. Cactaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 Nyctaginaceae = Oreocereus doelzianus (Backeb.) Bothriochloa caucasica (Trin.) C.E.Hubb. Borg Boussingaultia baselloides Kunth Poaceae Basellaceae Borzicactus fossulatus (Labour.) = Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) = Anredera baselloides (H.B.K) Baill. Kimnach S.T.Blake ◆ Weed Cactaceae Bothriochloa insculpta (Hochst. = Oreocereus pseudofossulatus Bouteloua barbata Lag. ex A.Rich.) A.Camus D.R.Hunt Poaceae Poaceae See: Bouteloua rothrockii Vasey Borzicactus haynei (Otto ex Salm- ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Dyck) Kimnach Bothriochloa intermedia (R.Br.) Cactaceae Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. A.Camus = Matucana haynei (Otto ex Salm- Poaceae Poaceae Dyck) Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - 5 = Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) Borzicactus icosagonus (Kunth) Britton S.T.Blake Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus & Rose ◆ Weed Poaceae Cactaceae See: Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng = Cleistocactus icosagonus (Kunth) Engelm. Poaceae A.Weber ◆ Weed See: Andropogon ischaemum L. Borzicactus madisoniorum Hutchison ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 Bouteloua filiformis (E.Fourn.) Griffiths Cactaceae Poaceae Bothriochloa macra (Steud.) S.T.Blake = Matucana madisoniorum = Bouteloua repens (Kunth) Scribn. Poaceae (Hutchison) G.D.Rowley ◆ Weed - Nn

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 77 Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Boykinia aconitifolia Nutt. Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf Lag. ex Griffiths Saxifragaceae Poaceae Poaceae = Urochloa ramosa (L.) R.D.Webster Boykinia elata (Nutt.) Greene ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Saxifragaceae B Bouteloua repens (Kunth) Scribn. = Boykinia occidentalis Torr. Brachiaria ruziziensis R.Germ. Poaceae & A.Gray & C.M.Evrard See: Bouteloua filiformis (E.Fourn.) Poaceae Boykinia jamesii (Torr.) Engler Griffiths = Urochloa ruziziensis (R.Germ. Saxifragaceae & C.M.Evrard) Crins Bouteloua rothrockii Vasey = Telesonix jamesii (Torr.) Rafin. ◆ Weed Poaceae Boykinia major A.Gray = Bouteloua barbata Lag. var. Saxifragaceae Brachiaria serrifolia (Hochst.) Stapf rothrockii (Vasey) Gould ◆ Weed Poaceae Bouvardia angustifolia H.B. & K. Boykinia occidentalis Torr. & A.Gray Brachiaria stolonifera Gooss. Rubiaceae Saxifragaceae Poaceae Bouvardia cavanillesii DC. See: Boykinia elata (Nutt.) Greene Brachiaria subquadripara (Trin.) Hitchc. Rubiaceae Boykinia rotundifolia Parry Poaceae Bouvardia flava Decne. Saxifragaceae = Urochloa subquadripara (Trin.) Rubiaceae R.D.Webster Boykinia tellimoides (Maxim.) Engl. ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A Bouvardia humboldtii hort. Saxifragaceae Brachiaria texana (Buckley) S.T.Blake Rubiaceae Brabejum stellatifolium L. = Bouvardia longiflora (Cav.) Kunth Poaceae Proteaceae = Urochloa texana (Buckley) Bouvardia laevis M.Martens & Galeotti Brachiaria advena Vickery R.D.Webster Rubiaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed = Urochloa advena (Vick.) R.Webster Bouvardia leiantha Benth. convergens (F.Müell.) ◆ Weed - 3A Rubiaceae Stapf Bouvardia longiflora (Cav.) Kunth Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. Poaceae ◆ Rubiaceae ex A.Rich.) Stapf Weed - Nn Poaceae See: Bouvardia humboldtii hort. Brachychilum horsfieldii (Wallich) = Urochloa brizantha (Horst. Petersen Bouvardia scabra Hook. & Arn. ex Rich.) Webster Zingiberaceae Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 Brachychilum tenellum K.Schum. Bouvardia tenuifolia Standl. Brachiaria decumbens Stapf Zingiberaceae Rubiaceae Poaceae Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schlecht. = Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) X excellens G.P.Guymer Rubiaceae R.Webster Sterculiaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 = Brachychiton bidwillii Hook. X Bouvardia triphylla Salisb. Brachychiton discolor F.Müell. Rubiaceae Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb. Poaceae Brachychiton populneus (Schott Bowiea gariepensis van Jaarsv. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3A - 5 & Endl.) R.Br. Liliaceae Brachiaria fasciculata (Sw.) Parodi Sterculiaceae = Bowiea volubilis Harv. ex Hook. f. ◆ Poaceae Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A ssp. gariepensis (Van Jaarsv.) = Urochloa fusca (Sw.) B.F.Hansen P.V.Bruyns Brachycome heterophylla Benth. & Wunderlin Asteraceae Bowiea kilimandscharica Mildbr. ◆ Weed - 3 Liliaceae Brachycome iberidifolia Benth. Brachiaria holosericea (R.Br.) Hughes = Bowiea volubilis Harv. ex Hook. f. Asteraceae Poaceae Bowiea volubilis Harv. ex Hook. f. Brachycorythis helferi (Rchb. f.) Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Liliaceae Summerh. Schweick. See: Bowiea kilimandscharica Mildbr., Orchidaceae Poaceae Bowiea gariepensis van Jaarsv. = Urochloa humidicola (Rendle) Brachyglottis bellidioides (Hook. f.) ◆ Weed - 3 Morrone & Zuloaga B.Nord. Bowkeria gerrardiana Harv. ex Hiern. ◆ Weed - 1A - 3A Asteraceae Scrophulariaceae Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf Brachyglottis bidwillii (Hook. f.) B.Nord. = Bowkeria verticillata Druce Poaceae Asteraceae Bowkeria triphylla Harv. = Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) Nguyen. Brachyglottis buchananii (J.B.Armstr.) Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A B.Nord. Bowkeria verticillata Druce Brachiaria nigropedata (Munro Asteraceae Scrophulariaceae ex Ficalho & Hiern) Stapf Brachyglottis greyi (Hook. f.) See: Bowkeria gerrardiana Harv. Poaceae R.Nordenstam. ex Hiern. ◆ Weed Asteraceae

78 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Brachyglottis haastii (Hook. f.) B.Nord. Brachysema melanopetalum F.Müell. Brasilicereus phaecanthus (Gürke) Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Backeb. Cactaceae Brachyglottis laxifolia (Buchanan) Brachysema minor M.D.Crisp B.Nord. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Brassavola acaulis Lindl. Asteraceae Orchidaceae Brachystegia boehmii Taub. B Brachyglottis monroi (Hook. f.) Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Brassavola cucullata (L.) R.Br. R.Nordenstam Orchidaceae Asteraceae Brachystegia glaucescens Burtt Davy ◆ Weed - 2 & Hutch. Brassavola digbyana Lindl. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Orchidaceae Brachyglottis perdicioides (Hook. f.) B.Nord. Brachystelma barberiae Harv. Brassavola duckeana Horta Asteraceae ex Hook. f. Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae Brachyglottis repanda J.R.Forst. Brassavola glauca Lindl. & G.Forst. Brachystelma burchellii (Decne.) Orchidaceae Peckover Asteraceae Brassavola martiana Lindl. ◆ Asclepiadaceae Weed Orchidaceae Brachyglottis revoluta (Kirk) B.Nord. Brachystelma circinatum E.Mey See: Brassavola multiflora Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Asteraceae Brassavola multiflora Schltr. Brachylaena dentata (Thunb.) DC. Brachystelma gracile E.A.Bruce Orchidaceae Asteraceae Asclepiadaceae = Brassavola martiana Lindl. Brachylaena discolor DC. Brachystelma pulchellum Schltr. Brassavola nodosa (L.) Lindl. Asteraceae Asclepiadaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N Bracteantha bracteata (Vent.) Anderb. Brassavola perrinii Hooker Brachylaena neriifolia (L.) R.Br. & Haegi Orchidaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Brassavola tuberculata Hook. = Xerochrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Brachylaena transvaalensis E.Phillips Orchidaceae Tzvelev & Schweick. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2 Brassia bidens Lindl. Asteraceae Orchidaceae Brahea aculeata (Brandegee) Brachyotum ledifolium (Desr.) Triana H.E.Moore Brassia brachiata Lindl. Melastomataceae Arecaceae Orchidaceae Brachyotum lindenii Cogn. Brahea armata S.Watson Brassia caudata (L.) Lindl. Melastomataceae Arecaceae Orchidaceae arbuscula Knoche Brahea bella L.H.Bailey Poaceae Brassia gireoudiana Reichb. f. & Warsz. Arecaceae Orchidaceae (L.) P.Beauv. Poaceae Brahea brandegeei (Purpus) Brassia lanceana Lindl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 H.E.Moore Orchidaceae Arecaceae Brachypodium phoenicoides (L.) Brassia longissima (Rchb. f.) Nash Roem. & Schult. Brahea clara (L.H.Bailey) Espejo Orchidaceae & López-Ferr. Poaceae Brassia signata Rchb. f. ◆ Arecaceae Weed - 3 Orchidaceae Brahea dulcis (Kunth) Mart. Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P.Beauv. Brassia verrucosa Lindl. Arecaceae Poaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Brahea edulis H.Wendl. ex S.Watson acephala Lév. Arecaceae Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) Brassicaceae P.Beauv. Brahea edulis H.Wendl. ex S.Watson = Brassica oleracea L. Poaceae X Brahea brandegeei (Purpus) ◆ Brassica alboglabra L.H.Bailey Weed - 1 - 4 - 5 H.E.Moore Brassicaceae Brachyscome rigidula (DC.) G.L.R.Davis Arecaceae = Brassica oleracea L. var. X Brachyscome multifida DC. Brahea moorei L.H.Bailey ex H.E.Moore alboglabra (L.H.Bailey) Musil Asteraceae Arecaceae Brassica barrelieri (L.) Janka Brachyscome sinclairii Hook. f. Brahea nitida André Brassicaceae Asteraceae Arecaceae See: Brassica oxyrrhina Cosson Brachysema chambersii (F.Müell.) Benth. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 Brahea pimo Becc. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Arecaceae Brassica bullata Pasquale Brachysema lanceolatum Meisn. Brassicaceae Brasilicereus markgrafii Backeb. & Voll Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Brassica oleracea L. Cactaceae ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 79 Brassica capitata (L.) Pers. Brassica parachinensis L.H.Bailey Brighamia insignis A.Gray Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Campanulaceae = Brassica oleracea L. Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. Brillantaisia lamium (Nees) Benth. Brassica carinata A.Braun Brassicaceae Acanthaceae B Brassicaceae = Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A = (L.) Koch. X Brassica (Lour.) Hanelt Brillantaisia palisotii Lindau oleracea L. ◆ Weed Acanthaceae ◆ Weed Brassica rapa L. Brimeura amethystina (L.) Chouard Brassica cauliflora Garsault Brassicaceae Liliaceae Brassicaceae See: Brassica chinensis L., Brassica = Brassica oleracea L. pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. Brimeura fastigiata (Viv.) Chouard ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Brassica caulorapa (DC.) Pasq. Liliaceae Brassicaceae Brassica tournefortii Gouan brizoides Lam. = Brassica oleracea L. var. Brassicaceae Poaceae gongylodes L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Briza erecta Lam. Brassica chinensis L. Brassiophoenix drymophloeoides Burret Poaceae Brassicaceae Arecaceae = Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis Briza fusca (Parodi) Parodi (L.) Hanelt Brassiophoenix schumannii (Becc.) Essig Poaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2A Briza glomerata Arechav. Brassica elongata Ehrh. Braunsia apiculata (Kensit) L.Bolus Poaceae Aizoaceae Brassicaceae Briza lamarckiana Nees ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A - 5 Braunsia geminata (Haw.) L.Bolus Poaceae Aizoaceae Brassica fruticulosa Cirillo L. Brassicaceae Bravoa geminiflora La Llave & Lex. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Agavaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Brassica gongylodes Mill. Bravoa singuliflora S.Watson Briza media L. Brassicaceae Agavaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Brassica hirta Moench Bredia sinensis (Diels) H.L.Li Brassicaceae Melastomataceae L. = Sinapis alba L. Poaceae ◆ Breonadia salicina (Vahl) Hepper Weed - 1 - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 & Wood (L.) Czern. Rubiaceae Briza stricta (Hook. & Arn.) Steud. Brassicaceae Poaceae See: Sinapis juncea L. Brexia madagascariensis Thouars ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 ex Ker Gawl. Briza subaristata Lam. Celastraceae Poaceae Brassica napus L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 = Chascolytrum subaristatum Brassicaceae (Lam.) Desv. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Brexia spinosa Lindl. ◆ Weed - 2 Celastraceae Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch Briza triloba Nees Brassicaceae Breynia disticha J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Poaceae See: Sinapis nigra L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 See: Breynia nivosa (W.Bull) Small Briza uniolae (Nees) Steud. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Poaceae Brassica oleracea L. ◆ Weed - 2 Brassicaceae Breynia nivosa (W.Bull) Small See: Brassica alboglabra L.H.Bailey, Capparaceae Brocchinia acuminata L.B.Smith Brassica capitata (L.) Pers., Brassica = Breynia disticha J.R.Forst. Bromeliaceae caulorapa (DC.) Pasq., Brassica & G.Forst. Brocchinia gilmartinii G.S.Varad. oleracea L. var. capitata L., Brassica Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinners Bromeliaceae acephala Lév., Brassica bullata Asteraceae Pasquale, Brassica cauliflora Garsault Brocchinia reducta Baker ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A micrantha (Hochst.) Baill. Bromeliaceae Euphorbiaceae Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. Brodiaea californica Lindl. Brassicaceae X Brigandra calliantha hort. Liliaceae = Brassica oleracea L. Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed = Briggsia aurantiaca B.L.Burtt Brodiaea coronaria (Salisb.) Engl. X Opithandra primuloides (Miq.) Brassica oxyrrhina Cosson Liliaceae B.L.Burtt Brassicaceae Brodiaea elegans Hoover = Brassica barrelieri (L.) Janka ssp. Briggsia aurantiaca B.L.Burtt Liliaceae oxyrrhina (Coss.) Regel Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed

80 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Brodiaea lactea (Lindl.) S.Watson briziformis Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Bromus lanceolatus Roth Liliaceae Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Brodiaea laxa (Benth.) S.Watson Liliaceae Bromus canadensis Michx. Bromus lithobius Trin. = Triteleia laxa Benth. Poaceae Poaceae B = Bromus ciliatus L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Brodiaea lutea (Lindl.) Morton Liliaceae Bromus cappadocicus Boiss. & Balansa Bromus lithobius Trin. X Bromus = Triteleia ixioides (S.Watson) Poaceae cedabilla Steud. E.Greene Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N Brodiaea orcuttii (E.Greene) Baker Poaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Bromus macranthos E.Desv. Poaceae Brodiaea stellaris S.Watson Vahl = Bromus setifolius J.Presl var. Liliaceae Poaceae See: Bromus brevis Steud., Bromus brevifolius Nees Brodiaea terrestris Kellogg coloratus Steud., Bromus haenkeanus L. Liliaceae (J.Presl) Kunth, Bromus unioloides Poaceae Bromelia agavifolia Brongn. Kunth, Bromus willdenowii Kunth ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 - 5 Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Bromus marginatus Nees ex Steud. Bromelia balansae Mez Bromus cebadilla Steud. Poaceae Bromeliaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Bromus maritimus (Piper) Hitchc. Bromelia flemingii I.Ramirez & Poaceae Carnevali Bromus ciliatus L. Bromeliaceae Poaceae Bromus molliformis Lloyd See: Bromus canadensis Michx. Poaceae Bromelia humilis Jacq. ◆ Weed - 2 = L. ssp. Bromeliaceae molliformis (Lloyd) Maire & Weiller Bromus coloratus Steud. ◆ Weed - 3 Bromelia scarlatina (Hortus ex Poaceae Hérincq) E.Morr. = Bromus catharticus Vahl Bromus mollis L. Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - N Poaceae = Bromus hordeaceus L. Bromelia serra Griseb. Bromus danthoniae (Desf.) Trin. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 Bromeliaceae Poaceae ◆ Bromheadia alticola Ridl. Weed Bromus polyanthus Scribn. ex Shear Poaceae Orchidaceae Roth Bromheadia aporoides Rchb. f. Poaceae Bromus popovii Drobow ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Orchidaceae Poaceae Bromus erectus Huds. Bromheadia finlaysoniana (Lindl.) Miq. Bromus porteri (J.M.Coult.) Nash Poaceae Orchidaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Bromus albidus M.Bieb. Bromus X pseudothominii P.M.Sm. Bromus frondosus (Shear) Wooton Poaceae Poaceae & Standl. = Bromus hordeaceus L. X Bromus Poir. Poaceae lepidus Holmb. Poaceae Bromus grandis (Shear) A.Hitchc. ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - N Poaceae Bromus racemosus L. Labill. Bromus haenkeanus (J.Presl) Kunth Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 4 ◆ Weed - Nn = Bromus catharticus Vahl. Bromus ramosus L. Bromus auleticus Trin. ex Nees Bromus hordeaceus L. Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed See: Bromus molliformis Lloyd, Bromus richardsonii Link Bromus mollis L. Bromus berterianus Colla Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 See: Bromus trinii E.Desv. Bromus rigidus Roth Leyss. ◆ Weed Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Bromus biebersteinii Roem. & Schult. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Poaceae Bromus rubens L. Bromus japonicus Thunb. ◆ Weed - 3 Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Bromus brevis Steud. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Poaceae L. Bromus kalmii A.Gray Poaceae = Bromus catharticus Vahl Poaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Weed ◆ Weed - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 81 Bromus setifolius J.Presl Browallia viscida H.B.K. Brugmansia cornigera (Hooker) Lagerh. Poaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae See: Bromus macranthos E.Desv. ◆ Weed Brugmansia X insignis (Barb.Rodr.) Bromus sitchensis Trin. Brownea ariza Benth. Lockwood ex R.E.Schult. B Poaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed = [Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. Brownea capitella Jacq. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. & J.Presl Bromus stamineus E.Desv. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae X Brugmansia versicolor Lagerh.] X Poaceae Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & ◆ Weed - N - 1 Brownea coccinea Jacq. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. & J.Presl L. ◆ Weed Brugmansia sanguinea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poaceae D.Don ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Brownea grandiceps Jacq. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Solanaceae Bromus syriacus Boiss. & Blanche See: sanguinea Ruiz & Pav. Poaceae Brownea grandiflora Stahel ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae L. Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Poaceae Brownea latifolia Jacq. Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. & J.Presl ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Bromus tomentellus Boiss. Browningia altissima (F.Ritter) Buxb. Poaceae Cactaceae Brugmansia versicolor Lagerh. Bromus tomentosus Trin. Browningia amstutziae (Rauh Solanaceae ◆ Poaceae & Backeb.) Hutchison ex Buxb. Weed Cactaceae Bromus trinii E.Desv. (L.) Savigny Poaceae Browningia candelaris (Meyen) Britton ◆ = Bromus berterianus Colla & Rose Weed - Nn ◆ Weed Cactaceae (Roxb.) Wight Bromus unioloides Kunth Browningia chlorocarpa (Kunth) & Arn. ex Griff. Poaceae W.T.Marshall Rhizophoraceae ◆ = Bromus catharticus Vahl Cactaceae Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - 3 Browningia hertlingiana (Rauh) Buxb. Brunfelsia americana L. Bromus uruguayensis Arechav. Cactaceae Solanaceae ◆ Poaceae See: Azureocereus hertlingianus Weed - 2 (Backeb.) Rauh Bromus valdivianus Phil. Brunfelsia australis Benth. Poaceae Browningia microsperma (Werderm. Solanaceae ◆ Weed & Backeberg) W.T.Marshall Brunfelsia bonodora (Vell.) J.F.Macbr. Bromus willdenowii Kunth Cactaceae Solanaceae Poaceae Browningia pilleifera (F.Ritter) Brunfelsia brasiliensis (Spreng.) = Bromus catharticus Vahl Hutchison L.B.Sm. & Downs ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Cactaceae Solanaceae Brosimum alicastrum Sw. Browningia riosaniensis (Backeb.) Brunfelsia calycina Benth. Moraceae G.D.Rowley Solanaceae ◆ Weed Cactaceae ◆ Weed Broughtonia sanguinea (Sw.) R.Br. Browningia viridis (Rauh & Backeb.) Brunfelsia eximia Boisse Orchidaceae Buxb. Solanaceae Cactaceae Broussaisia arguta Gaud. Brunfelsia grandiflora D.Don Hydrangeaceae Bruckenthalia spiculifolia (Salisb.) Rchb. Solanaceae Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold Ericaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Brugmansia arborea (L.) Lagerh. Brunfelsia hopeana (Hook.) Benth. Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. Solanaceae Solanaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Datura cornigera Hook. = Brunfelsia uniflora (Pohl) D.Don ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed Brunfelsia hydrangaeformis (Pohl) Browallia americana L. Brugmansia aurea Lagerh. Benth. Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 Brugmansia X candida Pers Brunfelsia jamaicensis Griseb. Browallia jamesonii Benth. Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae = Brugmansia aurea Lagerh. X Brunfelsia lactea Krug & Urban Brugmansia versicolor Lagerh. Browallia speciosa Hook. Solanaceae See: Datura X candida (Pers.) Saff. Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Brunfelsia latifolia (Pohl) Benth. ◆ Weed Solanaceae

82 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Brunfelsia nitida Benth. Brunsvigia radula Ait. Bryophyllum uniflorum (Stapf) Solanaceae Amaryllidaceae A.Berger ◆ Weed - 2 Crassulaceae Brunsvigia radulosa Herb. Brunfelsia pauciflora (Cham. Amaryllidaceae Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. & Schltdl.) Benth. Poaceae Brunsvigia striata (Jacq.) Aiton B Solanaceae = Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed Columbus Bryonia verrucosa Dryand. ◆ Weed - 3 Brunfelsia undulata Sw. Cucurbitaceae Solanaceae Bucida molinetii (G.Maza) Alain Bryophyllum beauverdii (Raym.-Hamet) Brunfelsia uniflora (Pohl) D.Don A.Berger See: Bucida spinosa (Northr.) Jenn. Solanaceae Crassulaceae See: Brunfelsia hopeana (Hook.) Bucida spinosa (Northr.) Jenn. = Kalanchoe beauverdii Raym.-Hamet Benth. Combretaceae ◆ Weed - 1A = Bucida molinetii (M.Gomez) Brunia albiflora E.Phillips Bryophyllum daigremontianum Alwan & Stace Bruniaceae (Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier) A.Berger Buckleya lanceolata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Miq. Brunia alopecuroides Brongn. Crassulaceae Bruniaceae See: Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier Buddleja agathosma Diels Brunia laevis Thunb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Loganiaceae Bruniaceae Bryophyllum daigremontianum Buddleja albiflora Hemsl. Brunia nodiflora L. (Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier) A.Berger. Loganiaceae Bruniaceae X Bryophyllum delagoense (Eckl. Buddleja alternifolia Maxim. Brunia paleacea P.J.Bergius & Zeyh.) Schinz Loganiaceae Bruniaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A Brunia stokoei E.Phillips Buddleja asiatica Lour. Bruniaceae Bryophyllum daigremontianum Loganiaceae (Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier) A.Berger Brunnera macrophylla (Adams) ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3 X Bryophyllum tubiflorum Harvey I.M.Johnst. Crassulaceae Buddleja auriculata Benth. Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A Loganiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Bryophyllum delagoense (Eckl. Buddleja australis Vell. Brunsvigia appendiculata Leighton & Zeyh.) Schinz Loganiaceae Amaryllidaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A Brunsvigia bosmaniae Leighton See: Bryophyllum tubiflorum Harv. Buddleja brachystachya Diels Amaryllidaceae nom. illeg., Kalanchoe delagoensis Loganiaceae Eckl. & Zeyh., Kalanchoe tubiflora Brunsvigia comptonii W.F.Barker (Harv.) Raym.-Hamet Buddleja colvillei Hook. f. & Thoms. Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Loganiaceae Brunsvigia grandiflora Lindl. Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi (Hamet Buddleja cordata Kunth Amaryllidaceae & Perrier) Cheng Loganiaceae Brunsvigia gregaria R.A.Dyer Crassulaceae Buddleja crispa Benth. Amaryllidaceae See: Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi Loganiaceae Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier Brunsvigia herrei F.M.Leight. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A ex W.F.Barker Buddleja davidii Franch. Amaryllidaceae Bryophyllum manginii (Raym.-Hamet Loganiaceae & H.Perrier) Nothdurft Brunsvigia josephinae (Redoute) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Crassulaceae Ker Gawl. Buddleja davidii Franch. X Buddleja Amaryllidaceae Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken globosa Hope Crassulaceae Brunsvigia litoralis R.A.Dyer Loganiaceae See: Kalanchoe pinnata Pers. Amaryllidaceae = Buddleja X weyeriana Weyer ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A ◆ Weed - 2 Brunsvigia marginata Ait. Bryophyllum proliferum Bowie ex Hook. Amaryllidaceae Buddleja delavayi Gagnep. Crassulaceae Loganiaceae Brunsvigia minor Lindl. ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A Amaryllidaceae Buddleja diversifolia (Ten.) Bryophyllum tubiflorum Harv., Loganiaceae Brunsvigia natalensis Bak. nom. illeg. Amaryllidaceae Crassulaceae (Benth.) Radlk. = Bryophyllum delagoense (Eckl. Loganiaceae Brunsvigia orientalis (L.) Ait. ex Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schinz ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 83 Buddleja fallowiana Balf. f. & W.W.Sm. Buddleja venenifera Makino Bulbinella latifolia Kunth Loganiaceae Loganiaceae Liliaceae See: Bulbinella floribunda (Aiton) Buddleja farreri Balf. f. & W.W.Sm. Buddleja X weyeriana Weyer T.Durand & Schinz Loganiaceae Loganiaceae = Buddleja davidii Franch. X Buddleja Bulbinella nutans (Thunb.) T.Durand B Buddleja forrestii Diels globosa Hope & Schinz Loganiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Liliaceae Buddleja globosa Hope Buglossoides arvensis (L.) Bulbinella robusta Kunth Loganiaceae I.M.Johnston Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - N Buddleja indica Lam. See: Lithospermum arvense L. Bulbinella triquetra (L. f.) Kunth Loganiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Liliaceae ◆ Weed Buglossoides purpurocaerulea (L.) Bulbocodium vernum L. Buddleja X intermedia Carrière Johnst. Liliaceae Loganiaceae Boraginaceae See: Lithospermum Bulbophyllum acuminatum (Ridl.) Ridl. Buddleja japonica Hemsl. purpurocaeruleum L. Orchidaceae Loganiaceae ◆ Weed Bulbophyllum affine Lindl. Buddleja limitanea W.W.Sm. Buiningia aurea (Ritt.) Buxb Orchidaceae Loganiaceae Cactaceae Bulbophyllum antenniferum (Lindl.) Buddleja lindleyana Fortune = Coleocephalocereus aureus F.Ritter Rchb. f. Loganiaceae Buiningia brevicylindrica Buining Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 Cactaceae Bulbophyllum Schltr. Buddleja loricata Leeuwenberg = Coleocephalocereus aureus F.Ritter Orchidaceae Loganiaceae abyssinica A.Rich. Bulbophyllum apodum Hook. f. Buddleja macrostachya Benth. Liliaceae Orchidaceae Loganiaceae Bulbine alooides (L.) Willd. Bulbophyllum arfakense J.J.Sm. Buddleja madagascariensis Lam. Liliaceae Orchidaceae Loganiaceae Bulbine caulescens L. ex Steud. See: Nicodemia madagascariensis Liliaceae Bulbophyllum arfakianum Kraenzl. (Lam.) R.Parker Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Bulbine frutescens (L.) Willd. Liliaceae Bulbophyllum auratum (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Buddleja nappii Lorentz ◆ Weed - 3 Orchidaceae Loganiaceae Bulbine latifolia (L. f.) Roem. & Schult. Bulbophyllum biantennatum Schltr. Buddleja nitida Benth. Liliaceae Orchidaceae Loganiaceae Bulbine praemorsa Spreng. Bulbophyllum blepharistes Rchb. f. Buddleja nivea Duthie Liliaceae Orchidaceae Loganiaceae Bulbine stenophylla Verdoorn Bulbophyllum blumei (Lindl.) J.J.Sm. Buddleja officinalis Maxim. Liliaceae Orchidaceae Loganiaceae Bulbophyllum bootanoides (Guill.) ◆ Weed Bulbine succulenta Compton Liliaceae Seidenf. Buddleja pichinchensis Kunth Orchidaceae Bulbinella angustifolia (Cockayne Loganiaceae & Laing) L.B.Moore Bulbophyllum bowkettiae F.M.Bailey Buddleja pulchella N.E.Br. Liliaceae Orchidaceae Loganiaceae Bulbinella cauda-felis (L. f.) T.Durand Bulbophyllum brachypetalum Schltr. Buddleja saligna Willd. & Schinz Orchidaceae Loganiaceae Liliaceae Bulbophyllum brevilabium Schltr. See: Chilianthus oleaceus Burchell Bulbinella caudata (Thunb.) Kunth Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Liliaceae Bulbophyllum campanulatum Rolfe Buddleja salviifolia (L.) Lam. Bulbinella floribunda (Aiton) T.Durand Orchidaceae Loganiaceae & Schinz ◆ Weed - 3 Bulbophyllum careyanum (Hook.) Liliaceae Spreng. Buddleja skutchii Morton = Bulbinella latifolia Kunth Orchidaceae Loganiaceae ◆ Weed Bulbophyllum caryophyllum J.J.Sm. Buddleja thyrsoides Lam. Bulbinella gibbsii Cockayne. Orchidaceae Loganiaceae Liliaceae Bulbophyllum cerinum Schltr. Buddleja tucumanensis Griseb. Bulbinella hookeri (Colenso) Cheeseman Orchidaceae Loganiaceae Liliaceae

84 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Bulbophyllum cheiri Lindl. Bulbophyllum graveolens (F.M.Bailey) Bulbophyllum nitidum Schltr. Orchidaceae J.J.Sm. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum ciliatoides Seidenf. Bulbophyllum obtusipetalum J.J.Sm. Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum haniffii Carrière Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum ciliatum (Blume) Lindl. Bulbophyllum ochrochlamys Schltr. B Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum hastatum T.Tang Orchidaceae & F T.Wang Bulbophyllum cleistogamum Ridl. Bulbophyllum odoratissimum (Sm.) Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Lindl. ex Hook. f. Bulbophyllum helenae (Kuntze) J.J.Sm. Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum oobulbum Schltr. Bulbophyllum hispidum Ridl. Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum cocoinum Bateman Orchidaceae ex Lindl. Bulbophyllum oreonastes Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum imbricatum (Rolfe) Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum colubrinum (Rchb. f.) Bulbophyllum ornatissimum (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. Bulbophyllum intertextum Lindl. J.J.Sm. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum comosum Collett Bulbophyllum lasiochilum C.S.P.Parish Bulbophyllum oxypterum (Lindl.) & Hemsl & Rchb. f. Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum concinnum Hook. f. Bulbophyllum laxiflorum (Blume) Lindl. Bulbophyllum papulilabium Schltr. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum corolliferum J.J.Sm. Bulbophyllum leopardinum (Wall.) Bulbophyllum patens King ex Hook. f. Orchidaceae Lindl. ex Wall. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum crassifolium Thwaites Bulbophyllum pechei W.Bull ex Trimen Bulbophyllum lepidum J.J.Smith Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum pectinatum Finet Bulbophyllum cruciatum J.J.Sm. Bulbophyllum leucothyrsus Schltr. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum phaeopogon Schltr. Bulbophyllum cumingii (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Bulbophyllum lilacinum Ridl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum picturatum (Lodd.) Bulbophyllum dixonii Rolfe Bulbophyllum lobbii Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum plumula Schltr. Bulbophyllum elephantinum J.J.Sm. Bulbophyllum longirostre Schltr. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum polypodioides Schltr. Bulbophyllum encephalodes Bulbophyllum lumbriciforme J.J.Sm. Orchidaceae Summerh. Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum proboscideum Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum macraei (Lindl.) Reichb. f. (Gagnep.) Seidenf. & Smitinand Bulbophyllum falcatum (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum macranthum Lindl. Bulbophyllum pulchellum Ridl. Bulbophyllum fascinator (Rolfe) Rolfe Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum macrobulbum J.J.Sm. Bulbophyllum pulchrum (N.E.Br.) Bulbophyllum fenestratum J.J.Sm. Orchidaceae J.J.Sm. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum maculatum Jum. & Bulbophyllum fletcherianum Rolfe H.Perrier Bulbophyllum purpurascens Teijsm. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae & Binn. Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum formosum Schltr. Bulbophyllum malawiense B.Morris Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum putidum (Teijsm. & Binn.) J.J.Sm. Bulbophyllum fritillariiflorum J.J.Sm. Bulbophyllum mannii Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum quadratum Schltr. Bulbophyllum fuscum Lindl. Bulbophyllum medusae (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum renipetalum Schltr. Bulbophyllum geraense Rchb. f. Bulbophyllum mimiense Schltr. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum robustum Rolfe Bulbophyllum grandiflorum Blume Bulbophyllum nigritianum Rendle Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 85 Bulbophyllum rufinum Reichb. F. Bunchosia glandulifera Kunth Bursera fagaroides (Kunth) Engl. Orchidaceae Malpighiaceae Burseraceae ◆ Weed - N Bulbophyllum saltatorium Lindl. Bursera microphylla A.Gray Orchidaceae Bunium bulbocastanum L. Burseraceae Apiaceae B Bulbophyllum samoanum Schltr. Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. ◆ Weed - 3 Orchidaceae Burseraceae Buphthalmum salicifolium L. Bulbophyllum scaberulum (Rolfe) Bolus Burtonia scabra (Sm.) R.Br. Asteraceae Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Bulbophyllum sessile (Kuntze) J.J.Sm. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Buphthalmum speciosum (Baumg.) Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Schreb. Bulbophyllum siamense Rchb. f. Asteraceae Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Arecaceae ◆ Weed Bulbophyllum sikkimense (King Bupleurum aciphyllum Webb & Berthel. & Pantl.) J.J.Sm. Apiaceae Butia eriospatha (Mart. ex Drude) Becc. Orchidaceae Arecaceae Bupleurum fruticosum L. Bulbophyllum sutepense (Rolfe) Apiaceae Butia paraguayensis (Barb.Rodr.) Seidenf. & Smitin. ◆ Weed - 2 L.H.Bailey Orchidaceae Arecaceae Bupleurum glumaceum Sibth. & Sm. Bulbophyllum tentaculiferum Schltr. Apiaceae Butia yatay (Mart.) Becc. Orchidaceae Arecaceae Bupleurum griffithii hort. Bulbophyllum tenuicaule Lindl. Apiaceae Butomus umbellatus L. Orchidaceae = Bupleurum rotundifolium L. Butomaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Bulbophyllum trachyanthum Kraenzl. Bupleurum hamiltonii Balak. Buxus balearica Lam. Orchidaceae Apiaceae Buxaceae Bulbophyllum trichocephalum (Schltr.) Bupleurum lancifolium Hornem. ◆ Weed T.Tang & F.T.Wang Apiaceae Buxus bodinieri H.Lèv. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Buxaceae Bulbophyllum tripudians Par. & Rchb. f. Bupleurum ranunculoides L. Buxus japonica Müll.Arg. ex Miq. Orchidaceae Apiaceae Buxaceae Bulbophyllum vaginatum (Lindl.) Bupleurum rotundifolium L. Buxus longifolia Boiss. Rchb. f. Apiaceae Buxaceae Orchidaceae See: Bupleurum griffithii hort. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 5 Buxus macowanii Oliv. Bulbophyllum violaceum (Blume) Lindl. Buxaceae Orchidaceae Bupleurum salicifolium R.Br. Apiaceae Buxus macrophylla Fawc. & Rendle Bulbophyllum viridiflorum (Hook. f.) Buxaceae Schltr. Bupleurum semicompositum L. Orchidaceae Apiaceae Buxus microphylla Sieb. & Zucc. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Buxaceae Bulbophyllum vitiense Rolfe Orchidaceae Bupleurum spinosum Gouan Buxus sempervirens L. Apiaceae Buxaceae Bulbophyllum wendlandianum ◆ Weed - 2 (Kraenzl.) J.J.Sm. Burbidgea schizocheila W.Hackett Orchidaceae Zingiberaceae Buxus sinica (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) M.Cheng Bulbophyllum wilkianum T.E.Hunt Burchellia bubalina (L. f.) Sims Buxaceae Orchidaceae Rubiaceae ◆ Weed Buxus wallichiana Baill. Bulbostylis striatella C.B.Clarke Buxaceae Cyperaceae Burkea africana Hook. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Byrsonima coriacea (Sw.) DC. ◆ Weed - 3 Malpighiaceae Bulnesia arborea (Jacq.) Engl. Burretiokentia hapala H.E.Moore Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth Arecaceae Malpighiaceae Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers. Byrsonima lucida (Mill.) DC. Sapotaceae Burretiokentia koghiensis J.-C.Pintaud Malpighiaceae = Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. & D.R.Hodel ◆ Weed Arecaceae Bystropogon canariensis (L.) L’Hérit. Lamiaceae Bunchosia argentea (Jacq.) DC. Burretiokentia vieillardii (Brongn. Malpighiaceae & Griseb.) Pichi-Sermolli Bystropogon origanifolius L’Hérit. Arecaceae Lamiaceae

86 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Canavalia pubescens C Credit: Forest & Kim Starr Cabomba aquatica Aubl. major (Medik.) Dandy arboreum H.B.K. & Exell Araceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed C ◆ Weed - Nn Cabomba australis Speg. Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent. Cabombaceae Caesalpinia mexicana A.Gray Araceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae See: Caladium X hortulanum Birdsey ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 A.Gray Cabombaceae Caesalpinia pectinata Cav. Caladium esculentum (L.) Vent. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Araceae = Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. Caesalpinia platyloba S.Watson Meliaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Caladium X hortulanum Birdsey Araceae Cacabus miersii (Hook. f.) Wettst. Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. = Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent. Solanaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Caladium humboldtii Schott Cacalia sonchifolia L. Araceae Asteraceae Caesalpinia regia D.Dietr. = L. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Caladium lindenii (André) Madison ◆ Weed - 2A Araceae Caesalpinia sappan L. Cadetia chionantha (Schltr.) Schltr. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Calamagrostis X acutiflora (Schrad.) Orchidaceae Rchb. Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb. Poaceae Cadia purpurea (G.Piccioli) Aiton Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae = Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Roth X (L.) Alston Caesalpinia alternifolia Nicholson Roth ◆ Weed - 1 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Poaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A ◆ Weed See: Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners Fleming nom. illeg. Caesalpinia tara Ruiz & Pav. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae = Clinopodium arkansanum (Nutt.) Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Fleming Caesalpinia vesicaria L. House nom. illeg. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Calamintha ascendens Jordan Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia violacea Standl. Lamiaceae = Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae = Calamintha sylvatica Bromf. Caesalpinia cinclidocarpus Miq. ssp. ascendens (Jordan) P.W.Ball Caiophora hibiscifolia (Griseb.) Urb. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae & Gilg Calamintha cretica (L.) Lam. Caesalpinia conzattii (Rose) Standl. Loasaceae Lamiaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Cajanus bicolor DC. Calamintha grandiflora (L.) Moench Caesalpinia cucullata Roxb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lamiaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae See: Cajanus indicus Spreng., Lamiaceae See: Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb. nom. illeg. See: Calamintha nepetoides Jord. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - N Caesalpinia echinata Lam. Cajanus indicus Spreng. nom. illeg. Calamintha nepetoides Jord. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lamiaceae = Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. = Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. ex Tul. ◆ Weed - 2A Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Calamintha officinalis Moench Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook. Lamiaceae Caesalpinia gilliesii (Wall. ex Hook.) Brassicaceae D.Dietr. Calamintha sylvatica Bromf. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Cakile maritima Scop. See: Calamintha ascendens Jordan Brassicaceae ◆ Weed Caesalpinia grandis Heyne ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Calamophyllum cylindricum Schwantes Aizoaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 87 Calamus bousigonii Becc. Calathea albertii (Pynaert & Van Calathea majestica (Linden) H.A.Kenn. Arecaceae Geert) L.H.Bail. Marantaceae Marantaceae Calamus brassii Burret Calathea makoyana E.Morr. Arecaceae Calathea albicans Brongn. ex K.Schum. Marantaceae Marantaceae Calamus diepenhorstii Miq. Calathea marantifolia Standl. Arecaceae Calathea bachemiana E.Morr. Marantaceae Marantaceae C Calamus grandifolius Becc. Calathea medio-picta Makoy ex Morr. Arecaceae Calathea bella (W.Bull) Regel Marantaceae Marantaceae Calamus hollrungii Becc. Calathea micans (Mathieu) Koern. Arecaceae Calathea brenesii Standl. Marantaceae Marantaceae Calamus ornatus Blume ex Schult. Calathea microcephala (Poepp. & Schult. f. Calathea burle-marxii H.Kennedy & Endl.) Korn. Arecaceae Marantaceae Marantaceae Calamus reyesianus Becc. Calathea cardiophylla K.Schum. Calathea musaica (Bull) Bailey Arecaceae Marantaceae Marantaceae Calamus vidalianus Becc. Calathea chimboracensis (Linden) André Calathea nigricans Gagnep. Arecaceae Marantaceae Marantaceae Calamus viminalis Willd. Calathea crocata E.Morr. & Le Jolis Calathea orbiculata Lodd. Arecaceae Marantaceae Marantaceae Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz. & Pav.) DC. Calathea crotalifera S.Watson Calathea orbifolia (Linden) H.A.Kenn. Portulacaceae Marantaceae Marantaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed Calathea ornata (Linden ex Lem.) Korn. Marantaceae Calandrinia grandiflora Lindl. Calathea cylindrica (Roscoe) K.Schum. Portulacaceae Marantaceae Calathea picturata (Linden) K.Koch & Linden Calandrinia menziesii (Hook.) Torr. Calathea ecuadoriana H.Kenn. Marantaceae & A.Gray Marantaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Portulacaceae Calathea fasciata (Linden) Körn ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Calathea princeps (Linden) Regel Marantaceae Marantaceae Calandrinia speciosa Lindl. Calathea glaziovii Petersen. Portulacaceae Calathea pseudoveitchiana Kennedy Marantaceae Marantaceae Calandrinia umbellata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. Calathea insignis Peters. Portulacaceae Calathea roseopicta (Linden) Regel Marantaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Marantaceae Calathea kegeljani Gentil Calanthe cardioglossa Schltr. Calathea rotundifolia Poepp. & Endl. Marantaceae Orchidaceae Marantaceae Calathea lancifolia Boom = Ischnosiphon rotundifolius Calanthe chrysantha Schltr. Marantaceae (Poepp. & Endl.) Körn. Orchidaceae Calathea lasiostachya Donn.Sm. Calathea rufibarba Fenzl Calanthe elmeri Ames Marantaceae Marantaceae Orchidaceae Calathea leopardina Regel Calathea sanderiana (Sander) Gentil Calanthe foerstermanni Rchb. f. Marantaceae Marantaceae Orchidaceae Calathea leucostachys Hook. f. Calathea stromanthifolia Rusby Calanthe hirsuta Seidenf. Marantaceae Marantaceae Orchidaceae Calathea lietzei E.Morr. Calathea stromata hort. Calanthe masuca (D.Don) Lindl. Marantaceae Marantaceae Orchidaceae possibly = Calathea zebrina (Sims) Lindl. Calathea lindeniana Wallis Calanthe reflexa Max. Marantaceae Calathea undulata Linden & André Orchidaceae Marantaceae Calathea loeseneri J.F.Macbr. Calanthe rubens Ridl. Calathea varians K.Koch & Mathias Marantaceae Orchidaceae Marantaceae Calathea louisae Gagnep. Calanthe vestita Lindl. Calathea variegata Linden ex Korn. Marantaceae Orchidaceae Marantaceae Calathea lutea (Aubl.) Schult. Calathea acuminata Steyerm. Calathea veitchiana Hook. f. Marantaceae Marantaceae Marantaceae Calathea macrosepala K.Schum. Calathea aemula Körn. Calathea warscewiczii (Klotzsch) Korn. Marantaceae Marantaceae Marantaceae

88 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Calathea zebrina (Sims) Lindl. Calea zacatechichi Schldl. rosei Wiggins Marantaceae Asteraceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Calliandra schultzei Harms Calatola costaricensis Standl. Calendula arvensis L. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Icacinaceae Asteraceae Calliandra selloi (Spreng.) J.F.Macbr. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Calceolaria acutifolia Witasek Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Scrophulariaceae L. Benth. C Asteraceae Calceolaria arachnoidea Graham Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Calendula palaestina Boiss. Calceolaria bicolor Ruiz & Pav. Calliandra tergemina (L.) Benth. Asteraceae Scrophulariaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - N Calceolaria biflora Lam. Calliandra tweedii Benth. Calepina irregularis (Asso) Thell. Scrophulariaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Calceolaria chelidonioides Kunth Callicarpa americana L. Calia secundiflora (Ortega) Yakovlev Scrophulariaceae Lamiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 3 Calibanus hookerii Trelease Calceolaria crenatiflora Cav. Callicarpa bodinieri H.Lèv. Agavaceae Scrophulariaceae Lamiaceae Calibrachoa parviflora (Juss.) D’Arcy See: Callicarpa giraldii Hesse Calceolaria dentata Ruíz & Pav. Solanaceae ex Rehder Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N Callicarpa cana L. Calceolaria falklandica Kranzlin Calicotome spinosa (L.) Link Lamiaceae Scrophulariaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Callicarpa cathayana Hung T.Chang Calceolaria fiebrigiana Kraenzl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Lamiaceae Scrophulariaceae Calicotome villosa (Poir.) Link Callicarpa dichotoma (Lour.) K.Koch Calceolaria fothergillii Sol. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lamiaceae Scrophulariaceae Calla palustris L. ◆ Weed - 1 Calceolaria X herbeohybrida Voss Araceae Callicarpa formosana Rolfe Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Lamiaceae = Calceolaria crenatiflora Cav. X Calliandra californica Benth. Calceolaria corymbosa Ruiz & Pav. Callicarpa giraldii Hesse ex Rehder Leguminosae - Mimosaceae X Calceolaria cana Cav. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn. = Callicarpa bodinieri H.Lèv. var. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae giraldii (Hesse ex Rehder) Rehder Calceolaria integrifolia L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Scrophulariaceae Callicarpa japonica Thunb. ◆ Weed - 2 Calliandra conferta Benth. Lamiaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed Calceolaria mexicana Benth. Scrophulariaceae Calliandra emarginata (Humb. & Bonpl. Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl ◆ Weed ex Willd.) Benth. Lamiaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Calceolaria polyrrhiza Cav. Callicarpa mollis Sieb. & Zucc. Scrophulariaceae Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. Lamiaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Calceolaria rugosa Ruiz & Pav. Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. & Arn. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Scrophulariaceae Lamiaceae Calliandra houstoniana (Mill.) Standl. Calceolaria tenella Poepp. & Endl. Callicarpa pendunculata R.Br. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Scrophulariaceae Lamiaceae Calliandra inaequilatera Rusby Calceolaria thyrsiflora Graham Callicarpa reevesii Wall. ex Schauer Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Scrophulariaceae Lamiaceae Calliandra parvifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Calceolaria tripartita Ruiz & Pav. Callicarpa rubella Lindl. Speg. Scrophulariaceae Lamiaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth. Caldcluvia paniculata (Cav.) D.Don Calligonum arborescens Litv. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Cunoniaceae Polygonaceae = Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq.) Caldcluvia rosifolia (A.Cunn.) H.M.Hern. Calligonum caput-medusae Schrenk R.D.Hoogland Polygonaceae Calliandra riparia Pittier Cunoniaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Calligonum comosum L’Hérit. ◆ Weed Polygonaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 89 Calligonum eriopodum Bunge Callitriche marginata Torr. Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz Polygonaceae Callitrichaceae Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - N Calligonum setosum Litv. Calochortus albus Dougl. ex Benth. Polygonaceae Callitriche stagnalis Scop. Liliaceae Callitrichaceae Calligonum turkestanicum (Korov.) Pavl. Calochortus amabilis Purdy ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 4 - 5 Polygonaceae Liliaceae columellaris F.Müell. C Calliopsis bicolor Reihbch. Calochortus amoenus E.Greene Cupressaceae Asteraceae Liliaceae See: Callitris glaucophylla Joy ◆ Weed - 2A Thomps. & L.A.S.Johnson, Callitris Calochortus argillosus (Hoover) Calliopsis cardaminifolia DC. huegelii (Carrière) Knight, Callitris R.Zebell & P.Fiedler Asteraceae hugelii auct. non (Carr.) Franco Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2A ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Calochortus barbatus (Kunth) Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & A.Gray) Callitris cupressiformis F.Müell. J.H.Painter A.Gray Cupressaceae Liliaceae Malvaceae Callitris glauca R.T.Baker & H.G.Sm. Calochortus caeruleus (Kellogg) S.Wats. ◆ Weed Cupressaceae Liliaceae Callisia elegans Alexander ex H.E.Moore See: Calochortus coeruleus Callitris glaucophylla Joy Thomps. Commelinaceae (Kellogg) S.Watson & L.A.S.Johnson Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson Cupressaceae Calochortus coeruleus (Kellogg) Commelinaceae = F.Müell. S.Watson ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Liliaceae = Calochortus caeruleus (Kellogg) Callisia navicularis (Ortgies) D.R.Hunt Callitris huegelii (Carrière) Knight S.Wats. Commelinaceae Cupressaceae misapp. = Callitris columellaris Calochortus kennedyi Porter Callisia repens (Jacq.) L. F.Müell. Liliaceae Commelinaceae ◆ Weed - N Callitris hugelii auct. non (Carr.) Franco Calochortus luteus Dougl. ex Lindl. Cupressaceae Liliaceae Callisia rosea (Vent.) D.Hunt misapp. = Callitris columellaris Commelinaceae Calochortus monophyllus (Lindl.) F.Müell. See: Tradescantia rosea Vent. Lemaire Rich. Liliaceae Callistachys lanceolata Vent. Cupressaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Calochortus pulchellus Dougl. ex Benth. ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Liliaceae Miq. citrinus (Curtis) Skeels Calochortus simulans (Hoover) Munz Cupressaceae Myrtaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn Calochortus splendens Benth. R.Br. ex Rich. Callistemon rigidus R.Br. Liliaceae Cupressaceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Calochortus superbus Purdy ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A ex J.T.Howell Callitris tuberculata R.Br. ex R.T.Baker Callistemon rugulosus (Schltdl. Liliaceae & H.G.Sm. ex Link) DC. Cupressaceae Calochortus uniflorus Hook. & Arn. Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Liliaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A (A.Cunn. ex Endl.) Calochortus venustus Dougl. Callistemon salignus (Sm.) Sweet F.Müell. ex Benth. Myrtaceae Cupressaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Calochortus vestae Purdy Callistemon viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Callopsis volkensii Engl. Liliaceae G.Don Araceae Calochortus weedii Alph.Wood Myrtaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull Ericaceae Calodendrum capense Thunb. Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 Rutaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin Cupressaceae Calonyction aculeatum (L.) House Callitriche hamulata Kutzing See: Libocedrus decurrens Torr. Convolvulaceae Callitrichaceae ◆ Weed - 1 = Ipomoea alba L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed Calocedrus formosana (Florin) Florin Callitriche intermedia Hoffmann Cupressaceae Calophaca wolgarica (L. f.) Fisch. ex DC. Callitrichaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae

90 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Calophyllum antillanum Britton Caltha polypetala Hochst. ex Lorent Calyptrocalyx albertisianus Becc. Ranunculaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Calvoa orientalis Taub. Calyptrocalyx archboldianus Burret Calophyllum inophyllum L. Melastomataceae Arecaceae Clusiaceae Calvoa sessiliflora Cogn. ex De Wild. Calyptrocalyx awa Dowe & M.D.Ferrrero ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 5 & T.Durand Arecaceae Calopogonium caeruleum (Benth.) Melastomataceae Calyptrocalyx doxanthus Dowe C Sauvages Calycanthus fertilis Walter & M.D.Ferrero Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Arecaceae Weed - 3 = Calycanthus floridus L. var. Calyptrocalyx elegans Becc. Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. glaucus (Willd.) Torr. & A.Gray ex Schumann & Lauterb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Calycanthus floridus L. ◆ Arecaceae Weed - N - 1A - 3A Calycanthaceae Calyptrocalyx flabellatus (Becc.) Dowe Calopsis paniculata (Rottb.) Desv. See: Calycanthus fertilis Walter & M.D.Ferrero ◆ Weed Arecaceae Calopyxis grandidieri (Drake) Capuron Calycanthus occidentalis Hook. & Arn. Calyptrocalyx forbesii (Ridl.) Dowe ex Stace Calycanthaceae & M.D.Ferrero Combretaceae Calydorea amabilis (Ravenna) Goldblatt Arecaceae Calosanthes indica (L.) Blume & Henrich Calyptrocalyx hollrungii (Becc.) Dowe Bignoniaceae Iridaceae & M.D.Ferrero Calospatha scortechinii Becc. Calydorea pallens Griseb. Arecaceae Arecaceae Iridaceae Calyptrocalyx julianettii (Becc.) Dowe Calydorea xyphioides (Poepp.) Esp. Calothamnus quadrifidus R.Br. & M.D.Ferrero Iridaceae Myrtaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Calylophus australis Towner & Raven Calyptrocalyx lauterbachianus Becc. Onagraceae Calothamnus validus S.Moore Arecaceae = Calylophus serrulatus (Nutt.) Myrtaceae P.H.Raven Calyptrocalyx micholitzii (Ridl.) Dowe ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A & M.D.Ferrero Calylophus berlandieri Spach Calotis cuneifolia R.Br. Arecaceae Onagraceae Asteraceae See: Calylophus drummondianus Calyptrocalyx multifidus (Becc.) ◆ Weed - Nn Spach J.L.Dowe & M.D.Ferrero Calotis lappulacea Benth. Arecaceae Calylophus drummondianus Spach Asteraceae Onagraceae Calyptrocalyx pachystachys Becc. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 4 = Calylophus berlandieri Spach ssp. Arecaceae (L.) W.T.Aiton pinifolius (Engelm. ex Gray) Towner Calyptrocalyx pauciflorus Becc. Asclepiadaceae Calylophus serrulatus (Nutt.) ◆ Arecaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 P.H.Raven Calyptrocalyx polyphyllus Becc. Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton Onagraceae Arecaceae Asclepiadaceae See: Calylophus australis Towner & ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Raven, Meriolix intermedia Rydb. ex Calyptrocalyx spicatus (Lam.) Blume Small, Meriolix oblanceolata Rydb., Arecaceae Calpurnia aurea (Aiton) Benth. Meriolix serrulata (Nutt.) Walp., Leguminosae - Papilionaceae serrulata Nutt. Calyptrocalyx yamutumene Dowe ◆ Weed ◆ Weed & M.D.Ferrero Arecaceae Calpurnia villosa Harv. Calymmanthera major Schltr. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Orchidaceae Calyptrochilum emarginatum (Sw.) Schlecht. Caltha appendiculata Pers. Calymmanthera paniculata (J.J.Sm.) Orchidaceae Ranunculaceae Schltr. Orchidaceae Calyptrogyne ghiesbreghtiana (Linden Caltha howellii Huth & H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. Ranunculaceae Calyptocarpus vialis Less. Arecaceae = Caltha leptosepala DC. ssp. Asteraceae howellii (Huth) P.G.Sm. ◆ Weed - N - 3A - 5 Calyptrogyne sarapiquensis H.Wendl. ex Burret Caltha leptosepala DC. Calyptranthes Sw. Arecaceae Ranunculaceae Myrtaceae See: Caltha howellii Huth Calyptronoma occidentalis (Sw.) Calyptridium umbellatum (Torr.) H.E.Moore Caltha palustris L. E.Greene Arecaceae Ranunculaceae Portulacaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 = Cistanthe umbellata (Torr.) Hershkovitz

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 91 Calyptronoma plumeriana (Mart.) caudata Wall. Camellia japonica L. X Camellia Lourteig Theaceae reticulata Lindl. Arecaceae Theaceae Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu. Calyptronoma rivalis (O.F.Cook) Theaceae Camellia kissi Wall. L.H.Bailey Theaceae Camellia chrysantha (Hu) Tuyama Arecaceae Theaceae Camellia laotica (Gagnep.) T.L.Ming Calystegia hederacea Wall. Theaceae C Camellia confusa (Craib) Cohen-Stuart Convolvulaceae Theaceae Camellia lapidea Wu ◆ Weed - 3 Camellia cordifolia (Metc.) Nakai Theaceae Calystegia pulchra Brummitt Theaceae Camellia longicarpa H.T.Chang & Heywood Convolvulaceae Camellia crapnelliana Tutcher Theaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Theaceae Camellia longicaudata H.T.Chang Calystegia silvatica (Kit.) Griseb. Camellia crassipetala H.T.Chang & S.Ye Liang Convolvulaceae Theaceae Theaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A = Camellia polyodonta How ex Hu Camellia crassissima H.T.Chang & Shi. var. longicaudata (Hung T.Chang Calystegia sylvatica (Kit) Griseb. Theaceae & S.Ye Liang) T.L.Ming Convolvulaceae Camellia cuspidata (Kochs) C.H.Wright ◆ Weed Camellia lutchuensis T.Ito Theaceae Theaceae Calytrix brachyphylla (Turcz.) Benth. Camellia euryoides Lindl. Myrtaceae Camellia maliflora Lindl. Theaceae Theaceae Calytrix glaberrima (F.Müell.) L.A.Craven Camellia forrestii (Diels) Cohen-Stuart = Camellia rosaeflora Hook. Myrtaceae Theaceae Camellia miyagii (Koidz.) Makino Calytrix sullivanii F.Müell. Camellia fraterna Hance & Nemoto Myrtaceae Theaceae Theaceae Camassia cusickii S.Watson Camellia fraterna Hance X Camellia Camellia nokoensis Hayata Liliaceae japonica L. Theaceae Camassia esculenta (Nutt.) B.L.Rob. Theaceae See: Camellia transnokoensis Hayata Liliaceae Camellia gauchowensis H.T.Chang Camellia octopetala Hu = Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory. Theaceae Theaceae Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S.Watson Camellia granthamiana Sealy Camellia oleifera C.Abel Liliaceae Theaceae Theaceae Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Camellia grijsii Hance Camellia pingguoensis D.Fang Liliaceae Theaceae Theaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Camellia gymnogyna H.T.Chang Camellia pitardii Cohen-Stuart Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory. Theaceae Theaceae Liliaceae See: Camassia esculenta (Nutt.) Camellia heterophylla Hu Camellia polyodonta How. ex Hu. B.L.Rob. Theaceae Theaceae See: Camellia longicaudata Camellia hiemalis Nakai Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. H.T.Chang & S.Ye Liang Brassicaceae Theaceae = (L.) Crantz ssp. Camellia X higo hort. Camellia puniceiflora H.T.Chang alyssum (P.Mill.) E.Schmid Theaceae Theaceae ◆ Weed - 3 = Camellia japonica L. X Camellia Camellia reticulata Lindl. Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz rusticana Honda Theaceae ◆ Brassicaceae Camellia hongkongensis Seem. Weed See: Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. Theaceae Camellia rosaeflora Hook. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Camellia irrawadiensis Barua Theaceae Camellia assamica (Masters) Theaceae See: Camellia maliflora Lindl. H.T.Chang Camellia rubituberculata H.T.Chang Theaceae Camellia japonica L. Theaceae Theaceae Camellia assimilis Champ. ex Benth. ◆ Weed Camellia rusticana Honda Theaceae Camellia japonica L. X Camellia Theaceae Camellia boreali-yunnanica H.T.Chang cuspidata (Kochs) C.H.Wright Camellia salicifolia Champ. ex Benth. Theaceae Theaceae Theaceae Camellia brevistyla (Hayata) Camellia japonica L. X Camellia Camellia saluenensis Stapf ex Bean Cohen-Stuart lutchuensis T.Ito Theaceae Theaceae Theaceae

92 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Camellia sasanqua Thunb. Campanula barbata L. Campanula hohenackeri Fisch. Theaceae Campanulaceae & C.A.Mey. ◆ Weed Campanulaceae Campanula betulifolia K.Koch Camellia semiserrata Chi. Campanulaceae Campanula hondoensis Kitamura Theaceae Campanulaceae Campanula bononiensis L. (L.) Kuntze Campanulaceae Campanula incurva A.DC. Theaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Campanulaceae C See: Thea viridis L. Campanula buseri Damboldt Campanula isophylla Moretti ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Camellia tachangensis F.S.Zhang Campanula calaminthifolia Lam. Campanula kantschavelii Zagar. Theaceae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Camellia taliensis (W.W.Sm.) Melch. Campanula carpatica Jacq. Campanula kemulariae Fomin. Theaceae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Camellia tenuiflora (Hayata) ◆ Weed - 2 Campanula keniensis Thulin Cohen-Stuart Campanula cenisia L. Campanulaceae Theaceae Campanulaceae Campanula kolenatiana C.A.Mey. Camellia transarisanensis (Hayata) Campanula cephalotes Nakai ex Rupr. Cohen-Stuart Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Theaceae Campanula cervicaria L. Campanula lactiflora M.Bieb. Camellia transnokoensis Hayata Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Theaceae See: Gadellia lactiflora (Bieb.) = Camellia nokoensis Hayata var. Campanula chamissonis Fedorov Schulkina transnokoensis (Hayata) S.S.Ying Campanulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Camellia tsaii Hu Campanula cochlearifolia Lam. Campanula lanata Friv. Theaceae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae See: Campanula cochleariifolia Lam. Camellia vernalis (Makino) Makino ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Theaceae Campanula latifolia L. Campanula cochleariifolia Lam. Camellia wabiske (Makino) Kitam. Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Theaceae ◆ Weed = Campanula cochlearifolia Lam. Camellia X williamsii W.W.Sm. ◆ Weed - 2 Campanula latiloba A.DC. Theaceae Campanulaceae Campanula collina M.Bieb. = Camellia saluenensis Stapf ex Bean See: Campanula grandis Fisch. Campanulaceae X Camellia japonica L. & Mey. Campanula coriacea P.H.Davis ◆ Weed - 2 Camellia yuhsienensis Hu Campanulaceae Theaceae Campanula loeflingii Brot. Campanula dasyantha M.Bieb. Campanulaceae Camellia yunnanensis (Pitard.) Campanulaceae Cohen-Stuart Campanula longistyla Fomine Theaceae Campanula elatines L. Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Camissonia bistorta (Torr. & A.Gray) Campanula lusitanica L. Raven Campanula elatinoides Moretti Campanulaceae Onagraceae Campanulaceae ◆ Weed Camissonia cheiranthifolia (Hornem. Campanula excisa Schleicher ex Murith Campanula macrostachya Waldst. ex Spreng.) Raim. Campanulaceae & Kit. Onagraceae Campanulaceae Campanula fragilis Cirillo ◆ Weed Camissonia claviformis (Torr. & Frem.) Campanulaceae P.H.Raven ◆ Weed - 2 Campanula makaschvilii E.A.Busch Onagraceae Campanulaceae Campanula garganica Ten. Camoensia maxima Welw. ex Benth. Campanulaceae Campanula medium L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Campanulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Campanula alliariifolia Willd. Campanula glomerata L. Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Campanula moesiaca Velen. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 3 Campanulaceae Campanula alpina Jacq. Campanula grandis Fisch. & Mey. Campanula muralis Portenschl. ex A.DC. Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae = Campanula latiloba A.DC. Campanula aucheri A.DC. Campanula nobilis Lindl. Campanulaceae Campanula grossekii Heuffel Campanulaceae Campanulaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 93 Campanula ochroleuca Kem.-Nath. Campanula sartorii Boiss. & Heldr. Camptotheca acuminata Decne. Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Cornaceae Campanula olympica Boiss. Campanula saxifraga M.Bieb. Campylanthus salsoloides (L. f.) Roth Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Scrophulariaceae Campanula pallida Wall. Campanula scheuchzeri Vill. Campyloneurum angustifolium Campanulaceae Campanulaceae (Sw.) Fee ◆ Weed Polypodiaceae C Campanula sibirica L. See: Polypodium angustifolium Campanula patula L. Campanulaceae Swartz Campanulaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Campyloneurum cubense Fée Campanula speciosa Pourret Polypodiaceae Campanula peregrina L. Campanulaceae Campanulaceae ◆ Weed Campyloneurum latum T.Moore ◆ Weed Polypodiaceae Campanula spicata L. Campanula persicifolia L. Campanulaceae Campyloneurum phyllitidis (L.) C.Presl Campanulaceae Polypodiaceae Campanula stevenii M.Bieb. ◆ ◆ Weed Weed - 2 Campanulaceae Campylotropis macrocarpa (Bunge) Campanula pilosa Less. ex Ledeb. Campanula takesimana Nakai Rehder Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Campanula portenschlagiana Schult. ◆ Weed - 5 odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. Campanulaceae Campanula thessala Maire ◆ & Thomson Weed - 2 Campanulaceae Annonaceae Campanula poscharskyana Degen Campanula thyrsoides L. ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 Campanulaceae Campanulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Canarina canariensis (L.) Vatke Campanula trachelium L. Campanulaceae Campanula primulifolia Brot. Campanulaceae Canarium balansae Engl. Campanulaceae ◆ Weed Burseraceae Campanula pulla L. Campanula troegerae Damboldt Canarium commune auct. Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Burseraceae Campanula punctata Lam. Campanula van-houttei Carrière = L. Campanulaceae Campanulaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Canarium indicum L. Campanula versicolor Andrews Burseraceae Campanula pusilla Haenke Campanulaceae See: Canarium commune auct. Campanulaceae Campanula vidalii H.C.Watson Canarium lucidum Perkins Campanula pyramidalis L. Campanulaceae Burseraceae Campanulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Campanula waldsteiniana Schultes Canarium odontophyllum Miq. Campanulaceae Burseraceae Campanula raddeana Trautv. Campanulaceae Campelia zanonia (L.) Kunth Canarium oleosum (Lam.) Engl. Commelinaceae Burseraceae Campanula raineri Perp. = Tradescantia zanonia (L.) Sw. Canarium ovatum Engl. Campanulaceae ◆ Weed Burseraceae Campanula rapunculoides L. Campomanesia guazumifolia ◆ Weed Campanulaceae (Cambess.) O.Berg Canarium tramdenum C.D.Dai ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Myrtaceae & Yakovlev Campanula rapunculus L. Campsidium valdivianum (Phil.) Skottsb. Burseraceae Campanulaceae Bignoniaceae Canavalia bonariensis Lindl. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Campsis grandiflora Thunb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Campanula recta Dulac Bignoniaceae Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. Campanulaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Campanula rhomboidalis L. Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau ◆ Weed - N - 2A Campanulaceae Bignoniaceae Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Campanula rotundifolia L. Campsis X tagliabuana (Vis.) Rehder ◆ Weed - Nn Campanulaceae Bignoniaceae Canavalia pubescens Hook. & Arn. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 = Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Schum. X Campsis radicans (L.) Campanula sarmatica Ker Gawl. Seem. ex Bureau Canavalia virosa (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Campanulaceae ◆ Weed - N Leguminosae - Papilionaceae

94 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Canistropsis simulans (E.Pereira limbata Roscoe annuum L. & Leme) Leme Cannaceae Solanaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 Canna lutea Mill. Canistrum cyathiforme (Vell.) Mez Cannaceae Capsicum anomalum Franch. & Sav. Bromeliaceae = L. Solanaceae ◆ Weed - 1 See: Tubocapsicum anomalum Canistrum fosterianum L.B.Smith (Franch. & Sav.) Makino Bromeliaceae Canna X orchiodes L.H.Bailey C Cannaceae Capsicum baccatum L. Canistrum lindenii (Regel) Mez = Canna X generalis L.H.Bailey Solanaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed Canna bidentata Bertol. Canna paniculata Ruiz & Pav. Capsicum chacoense Hunz. Cannaceae Cannaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed Canna speciosa Rosc. ex Sims Capsicum chinense Jacq. Canna brasiliensis Rosc. ex Spreng. Cannaceae Solanaceae Cannaceae ◆ Weed = Canna paniculata Ruiz & Pav. Canna tuerckheimii Kränzl. Cannaceae Capsicum fastigiatum Blume Canna cinnabarina Bouche See: Canna latifolia Mill. Solanaceae Cannaceae Canna warszewiczii Otto & Dietr. Capsicum frutescens L. Canna coccinea Mill. Cannaceae Solanaceae Cannaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 = Canna indica L. gigantea Crevost ◆ Weed Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav. = Cannabis sativa L. Solanaceae Canna discolor Lindl. Caragana arborescens Lam. Cannaceae Cannabis sativa L. Cannabaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Canna edulis Ker Gawl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Cannaceae Caragana aurantiaca Koehne = Canna indica L. Cantharellus cibarius Fr. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Tricholomataceae ◆ Weed Canna flaccida Salisb. Canthium venosum (Oliv.) Hiern Caragana brevispina Royle ex Benth. Cannaceae Rubiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 4 Canthium ventosum S.Moore ◆ Weed Canna X generalis L.H.Bailey Rubiaceae Caragana decorticans Hemsl. Cannaceae Cantua bicolor Lem. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Canna X orchiodes L.H.Bailey Polemoniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 5 Caragana microphylla Lam. Cantua buxifolia Lam. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Canna glauca L. Polemoniaceae Cannaceae ◆ Weed Caragana sinica (Buc’hoz) Rehder ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cantua dependens Pers. Canna humilis Bouche Polemoniaceae Caragana tragacanthoides (Pall.) Poir. Cannaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cantua pyrifolia Juss. Canna hybrida Back. Polemoniaceae Caralluma arachnoidea (P.R.O.Bally) Cannaceae M.G.Gilbert ◆ Weed spicigerum S.T.Blake Asclepiadaceae Poaceae Canna indica L. ◆ Weed - Nn Caralluma burchardii N.E.Br. Cannaceae Asclepiadaceae Capnoides sempervirens (L.) Borkh. See: Canna coccinea Mill., Canna Caralluma deflersiana Lavranos Papaveraceae edulis Ker Gawl., Canna lutea Mill. Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 See: Corydalis sempervirens (L.) Pers. Caralluma dummeri (N.E.Br.) A.C.White frutescens L. Canna iridiflora Ruiz & Pav. & B.Sloane Capparaceae Cannaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed Canna jaegeriana Urb. Caralluma gemugofana M.G.Gilbert Capparis micrantha A.Rich. Cannaceae Asclepiadaceae Capparaceae Canna lanuginosa Roscoe ◆ Weed - 3 Caralluma gracilipes K.Schum. Cannaceae Asclepiadaceae Capparis zeylanica L. Canna latifolia Mill. Capparaceae Caralluma melanantha N.E.Br. Cannaceae Asclepiadaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. = Canna tuerckheimii Kränzl. Brassicaceae Caralluma stalagmifera C.E.C.Fischer ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Asclepiadaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 95 Caralluma subulata (Forssk.) Decne. nutans L. Carex densa (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey Asclepiadaceae Asteraceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - N Caralluma tubiformis E.A.Bruce & P.R.O.Bally L. Carex distans L. Asclepiadaceae Asteraceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - N Carapa guianensis Aubl. C Meliaceae Curtis Carex disticha Huds. ◆ Weed Asteraceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A Carapa moluccensis Lam. Meliaceae Carduus thoermeri Weinm. Carex divisa Huds. Asteraceae Cyperaceae corymbosa Hook. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3A Carex acuta L. Carex divulsa Stokes Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cardamine flexuosa With. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1 Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Carex acutiformis Ehrh. Carex donnell-smithii L.H.Bailey Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cardamine hirsuta L. ◆ Weed Brassicaceae Carex elata All. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A Carex alba Scop. Cyperaceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed Cardamine lyrata Bunge Brassicaceae Carex albescens F.Nyland Carex elingamita Hamlin ◆ Weed - 3 Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cardamine pratensis L. Carex albida L.H.Bailey Carex firma Host Brassicaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Weed Carex flacca Schreb. Cardaminopsis petraea (L.) Hiitonen Carex albula Allan Cyperaceae Brassicaceae Cyperaceae See: Carex glauca Scop. See: Carex comans Bergg. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5 Brassicaceae Carex flagellifera Colenso = Lepidium draba L. Carex antoniensis A.Chev. Cyperaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Cyperaceae Weed - N - 2A - 4A - 5 Cardiandra alternifolia Sieb. & Zucc. Carex arenaria L. Carex fraseri Andrews Hydrangeaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A = Cymophyllus fraserianus (Ker Gawl.) Cardiocrinum cathayanum Kartesz & Gandhi (E.H.Wilson) Stearn Carex brunnea Thunb. Liliaceae Cyperaceae Carex glauca Scop. ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 Cyperaceae Cardiocrinum cordatum (Thunb.) = Carex flacca Schreb. Makino Carex buchananii Berggr. ◆ Weed Liliaceae Cyperaceae See: cordatum (Thunb.) Koidz. ◆ Weed - 2 - 4A Carex grayi Carey Cyperaceae Cardiocrinum giganteum (Wall.) Makino Carex calderae A.Hansen ◆ Weed Liliaceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed Carex hachijoensis Akiyama Carex cherokeensis Schwein. Cyperaceae grandiflorum Sw. Cyperaceae Carex hispida Willd. ex Schkuhr Sapindaceae Carex comans Bergg. Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5A Cyperaceae ◆ Weed Cardiospermum halicacabum L. = Carex albula Allan. Carex hyalinolepis Steud. Sapindaceae ◆ Weed - 4A - 5 Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Carex crinita Lam. Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd. Cardiospermum microcarpum Kunth Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Sapindaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Carduncellus pinnatus (Desf.) DC. Carex davalliana J.E.Smith Carex inversa R.Br. Asteraceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed L. ◆ Weed - Nn Asteraceae Carex demissa Hornem. Carex iynx Nelmes ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A - 4 - 5 Cyperaceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - Nn

96 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Carex lepidocarpa Tausch Carex purpurea Boott Carissa grandiflora (E.Mey.) A.DC. Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Apocynaceae = Carex viridula Michx. ssp. = Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Carex remota L. brachyrrhyncha (Celak.) B.Schmid Cyperaceae Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. var. elatior (Schlecht.) Crins ◆ Weed Apocynaceae ◆ Weed - 1A See: Carissa grandiflora (E.Mey.) Carex riparia Curtis Carex limosa L. A.DC. Cyperaceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 C ◆ Weed Carex longebrachiata Boeckeler Carissa opaca Stapf ex Haines Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd. Cyperaceae Apocynaceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Carissa spectabilis (Sond.) Pichon Carex lurida Wahlenb. Apocynaceae Carex secta Boott Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Carlina acanthifolia All. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Asteraceae Carex macloviana D’Urv. ◆ Weed Carex sylvatica Huds. Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Carlina acaulis L. Carex merritt-fernaldii Mackenzie ◆ Weed Asteraceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed Carex testacea Sol. ex Boott Carex morrowii Boott Cyperaceae Carludovica drudei Mast. Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A Cyclanthaceae Carex muskingumensis Schwein. Carex trifida Cav. Carludovica palmata Ruiz & Pavón Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyclanthaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Carex virgata Sol. ex Boott Carex nigra (L.) Reichard Cyperaceae Carludovica rotundifolia Wendl. Cyperaceae ◆ Weed ex Hook. f. Hammel ◆ Weed Cyclanthaceae Carex vulpina L. Carex ornithopoda Willd. Cyperaceae Carmichaelia aligera G.Simpson Cyperaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Carex oshimensis Nak. Carica chrysopetala Heilborn Carmichaelia angustata Kirk Cyperaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Carex otrubae Podp. Carica X heilbornii V.M.Badillo Carmichaelia appressa G.Simpson Cyperaceae Caricaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N = Carica pubescens Lenné & K.Koch Carmichaelia arborea (G.Forst.) Druce X Carica stipulata V.M.Badillo Carex ovalis Gooden. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cyperaceae Carica jamaicensis Urb. Carmichaelia arenaria G.Simpson ◆ Weed - N - 1 Caricaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Carex pallescens L. Carica monoica Desf. Carmichaelia astonii G.Simpson Cyperaceae Caricaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Carica papaya L. Carmichaelia australis R.Br. Carex paludosa Good Caricaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cyperaceae See: Papaya carica Gaertn. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Carmichaelia egmontiana (Cockayne Carex pendula Huds. & Allan) G.Simpson Cyperaceae Carica pentagona Heilborn Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N Caricaceae = Vasconcellea X heilbornii Carmichaelia enysii T.Kirk Carex petriei Cheesem. (V.M.Badillo) V.M.Badillo Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cyperaceae Carica pubescens Lenné & K.Koch Carmichaelia flagelliformis Benth. Carex physodes M.Bieb. Caricaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed Carmichaelia kirkii Hook. f. Carex pilulifera L. Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cyperaceae Apocynaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Carmichaelia monroi Hook. f. ◆ Weed - 3 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Carex pumila Thunb. Carissa carandas L. Cyperaceae Carmichaelia petriei Kirk Apocynaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Carissa edulis Vahl Carex punctata Gaudin Carmichaelia rivulata G.Simpson Apocynaceae Cyperaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 97 Carmichaelia robusta Kirk Carpinus japonica Blume Carruanthus caninus (Haw.) Schwantes Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Betulaceae Aizoaceae Carmichaelia solandrii G.Simpson Carpinus laxiflora (Sieb. & Zucc.) Blume Carruanthus peersii L.Bolus Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Betulaceae Aizoaceae Carmichaelia violacea Kirk Carpinus monbeigiana Hand.-Mazz. Carruanthus ringens (L.) Boom Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Betulaceae Aizoaceae C Carmichaelia williamsii Kirk Carpinus orientalis Mill. Carthamus dentatus Vahl Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Betulaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masam. Carpinus polyneura Franch. Boraginaceae Betulaceae Carthamus glaucus M.Bieb. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Asteraceae Carpinus schuschaensis H.Winkl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britton Betulaceae & Rose L. Carpinus shensiensis Hu Cactaceae Asteraceae Betulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Carnegiea euphorbioides (Haw.) Carpinus tschonoskii Maxim. Backeb. Sm. Betulaceae Cactaceae Asteraceae = Neobuxbaumia euphorbioides Carpinus turczaninovii Hance ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A - 4A (Haw.) Buxb. Betulaceae Carthamus tinctorius L. Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton Carpinus viminea Wall. ex Lindl. Asteraceae & Rose Betulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Cactaceae Carpobrotus acinaciformis (L.) L.Bolus Carum carvi L. Carnegiea polylopha (DC.) D.R.Hunt Aizoaceae Apiaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 = Neobuxbaumia polylopha (DC.) Backeb. Carpobrotus aequilaterus (Haw.) N.E.Br. Carum copticum (L.) C.B.Clarke Aizoaceae Apiaceae Carnegiea tetetzo (J.M.Coult.) P.V.Heath See: Carpobrotus chilensis (Molina) = Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague Cactaceae N.E.Br. ex Turrill ◆ Weed - N - 1A Carpanthea pomeridiana (L.) N.E.Br. Carum roxburghianum Benth. Aizoaceae Carpobrotus aequilaterus X Sarcozona & Hook. f. ◆ Weed - N bicarinata (Haw.) N.E.Br. - S.T.Blake Apiaceae Aizoaceae Carpenteria californica Torr. Carya alba (L.) Nutt. nom. ambig. ◆ Weed - N Hydrangeaceae Juglandaceae Carpesium cernuum L. Carpobrotus chilensis (Molina) N.E.Br. = Carya tomentosa (Poir.) Nutt. Aizoaceae Asteraceae Carya aquatica (F.Michx.) Nutt. ◆ = Carpobrotus aequilaterus (Haw.) Weed - N - 1A - 3 Juglandaceae N.E.Br. ◆ Weed Carphalea kirondron Baill. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 5 Rubiaceae Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K.Koch Carpobrotus edulis (L.) L.Bolus Juglandaceae Carpinus betulus L. Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Betulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet Carpobrotus edulis (L.) L.Bolus Juglandaceae Carpinus caroliniana Walter X (Haw.) ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Betulaceae Schwantes ◆ Weed Aizoaceae Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K.Koch Carpinus cordata Blume ◆ Weed - N Juglandaceae Betulaceae See: Carya pecan (Marshall) Engl. Carpodetus serratus J.R.Forst. & Graebn. Carpinus coreana Nakai & G.Forst. ◆ Weed Betulaceae Grossulariaceae Carya laciniosa (F.Michx.) G.Don Carpinus fargesiana H.J.P.Winkl. Carpolepis laurifolia (Brongn. Juglandaceae Betulaceae & Griseb.) J.W.Dawson ◆ Weed Myrtaceae Carpinus fargesii Franch. Carya ovata (Mill.) K.Koch Betulaceae Carpoxylon macrospermum Juglandaceae H.A.Wendland & Drude Carpinus henryana (H.J.P.Winkl.) ◆ Weed Arecaceae H.J.P.Winkl. Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn. Betulaceae Carrichtera annua (L.) DC. Juglandaceae Brassicaceae Carpinus hupeana Hu ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Betulaceae

98 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Carya pecan (Marshall) Engl. & Graebn. Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold Cassia coluteoides Collad. Juglandaceae Apocynaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae = Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) = Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K.Schum. = pendula (Willd.) H.S.Irwin K.Koch ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3A & Barneby var. glabrata (Vogel) Irwin & Barneby Carya texana Buckley Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex. ◆ Weed - 1A - 5 Juglandaceae Rutaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Cassia corymbosa Lam. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae C Carya tomentosa (Poir.) Nutt. Casimiroa tetrameria Millsp. = (Lam.) Irwin Juglandaceae Rutaceae & Barneby See: Carya alba (L.) Nutt., Cassia abbreviata Oliv. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 nom. ambig. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed Cassia didymobotrya Fresen. Cassia absus L. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Caryocar brasiliense Cambess. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae = (Fresen.) Caryocaraceae = absus (L.) Irwin Irwin & Barneby ◆ Weed & Barneby ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 ◆ Caryocar nuciferum L. Weed - 3 Cassia emarginata L. Caryocaraceae Cassia acuminata Moench. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Caryopteris X clandonensis Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae = Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. A.Simmonds = Senna marilandica (L.) Link Cassia falcinella Oliv. Lamiaceae Cassia acuta Meyen ex T.Vogel Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae = Caryopteris incana (Thunb. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ex Houtt.) Miq. X Caryopteris L. = Senna cumingii (Hook. & Arn.) mongholica Bunge Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Irwin & Barneby ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Cassia acutifolia Delile Caryopteris incana (Thunb. ex Houtt.) Cassia glandulosa L. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Miq. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae = Senna alexandrina Mill. Lamiaceae = Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Cassia alata L. Greene aequatorialis Ridl. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Arecaceae Cassia glauca Lam. = (L.) Roxb. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Caryota cumingii Lodd. ex Mart. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A Arecaceae L. f. Cassia angustifolia Vahl Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Caryota gigas Hahn ex Hodel Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Arecaceae = Senna alexandrina Mill. Cassia javanica L. Caryota maxima Blume Cassia arnottiana Gillies ex Hook. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Arecaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 5 = Senna arnottiana (Gillies ex Hook.) Caryota mitis Lour. H.S.Irwin & Barneby Cassia laevigata Willd. Arecaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Cassia auriculata L. = (Viviani) Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Caryota no Becc. Irwin & Barneby = Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. Arecaceae ◆ Weed Cassia latopetiolata Dombey ex Vogel Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Caryota obtusa Griff. Cassia bacillaris L. f. = Senna versicolor (Meyen ex J.Vogel) Arecaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae H.S.Irwin & Barneby Caryota ochlandra Hance = Senna bacillaris (L. f.) H.S.Irwin Cassia leptophylla Vogel Arecaceae & Barneby Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Caryota ophiopellis J.L.Dowe Cassia bicapsularis L. Cassia marginata Roxb. Arecaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae = Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. Caryota urens L. = Cassia roxburghii DC. ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 Arecaceae Cassia marilandica L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Cassia biensis (Steyaert) Mendonca Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae & Torre Caryota zebrina G.G.Hambali, = Senna marilandica (L.) Link Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae R.A.Maturbongs, C.D.Heatubun ◆ Weed & J.Dransf. Cassia carnaval Speg. Cassia multijuga Rich. Arecaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae = (DC.) Irwin Cascabela peruviana (Pers.) Raf. = Senna multijuga (Rich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Apocynaceae & Barneby = Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K.Schum. Cassia closiana Phil Cassia obovata Collad. ◆ Weed - 1A Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae = Senna italica Mill.

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 99 Cassia obtusifolia L. Cassine papillosa (Hochst.) Kuntze alphandi F.Müell. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Celastraceae Sapindaceae = (L.) Irwin = Elaeodendron croceum elastica Sesse & Barneby (Thunb.) DC. Moraceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 - 4A Cassinia aculeata (Labill.) R.Br. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Cassia occidentalis L. Asteraceae Castilleja attenuata (A.Gray) T.I.Chuang Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - Nn & Heckard C = (L.) Link Cassinia leptophylla (G.Forst.) R.Br. Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4A Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N Cassia pilosa L. ◆ Weed - 1 Castilleja linariaefolia Benth. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Cassinia vauvilliersii (Hombr. & Scrophulariaceae = Chamaecrista pilosa (L.) Greene Jacquinot ex Decne.) Hook. f. Castilleja miniata (Hook.) Dougl. Cassia prostrata Humb. & Bonpl. Asteraceae Scrophulariaceae ex Willd. Cassinopsis ilicifolia (Hochst.) Kuntze Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Castilleja rhexifolia Rydb. Icacinaceae = Chamaecrista serpens (L.) Greene Scrophulariaceae Cassiope fastigiata (Wall.) D.Don Cassia purpusii Brandegee Castilleja rubicundula (Jepson) Ericaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Chuang & Heckard Cassiope lycopodioides (Pall.) D.Don Scrophulariaceae Cassia rotundifolia Pers. Ericaceae See: Orthocarpus lithospermoides Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Benth. = Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Pers.) Cassiope tetragona (L.) D.Don Greene Ericaceae collina Poiss. ex. Panch. ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 & Seb. Cassipourea verticillata N.E.Br. Casuarinaceae Cassia roxburghii DC. Rhizophoraceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Miq. Castalis (Aiton) Norl. See: Cassia marginata Roxb. Casuarinaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2 - 4 - 5 Cassia siamea Lam. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae L. Castanea crenata Sieb. & Zucc. = (Lam.) H.S.Irwin Casuarinaceae & Barneby ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 5 Sieber ex Spreng. Castanea dentata (Marshall) Borkh. Cassia sophera L. Casuarinaceae Fagaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 = (L.) Roxb. Casuarina oligodon L.Johnson ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Castanea sativa Mill. Casuarinaceae Fagaceae Cassia spectabilis DC. ◆ Weed - 2 Casuarina papuana S.Moore Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Casuarinaceae = Senna spectabilis (DC.) Irwin Castanopsis acuminatissima (Blume) = papuanum & Barneby A.DC. (S.Moore) L.A.S.Johnson ◆ Weed Fagaceae Casuarina sumatrana Jungh. Cassia splendida Vogel Castanopsis chrysophylla (Dougl. ex de Vriese Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ex Hook.) A.DC. Casuarinaceae = Senna splendida (Vogel) Irwin Fagaceae = Gymnostoma sumatranum & Barneby = Chrysolepis chrysophylla (Dougl. (Jungh. ex de Vriese) L.A.S.Johnson ex Hook.) Hjelmqvist Cassia tomentosa L. f. ◆ Weed Catalpa bignonioides Walter Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Bignoniaceae = (Jacq.) Castanopsis cuspidata (Thunb.) Schottky ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Irwin & Barneby Fagaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 ◆ Weed - 5 Catalpa bignonioides X Chilopsis linearis Walter - (Cav.) Sweet Cassia tora L. Castanopsis diversifolia (Kurz) King Bignoniaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ex Hook. f. = X Chitalpa tashkentensis Elias = (L.) Roxb. Fagaceae & Wisura ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Castanopsis foxworthyi Schottky Catalpa bungei C.A.Mey. Cassine aethiopica Thunb. Fagaceae Bignoniaceae Celastraceae Castanopsis tribuloides (Sm.) A.DC. = Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Catalpa X erubescens Carrière Fagaceae Loes. Bignoniaceae Castanospermum australe A.Cunn. = Catalpa ovata G.Don X Catalpa Cassine crocea (Thumb.) Kuntze & C.Fraser ex Hook. bignonioides Walter Celastraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Elaeodendron croceum Catalpa fargesii Bureau ◆ Weed - Nn (Thunb.) DC. Bignoniaceae

100 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Catalpa X hybrida Spath Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl. Cattleya guttata Lindl. Bignoniaceae Celastraceae Orchidaceae Catalpa longissima (Jacq.) Dum.Cours. roseus (L.) G.Don Cattleya harrisoniae Paxton Bignoniaceae Apocynaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed See: rosea L. Cattleya harrisoniana Bateman ex Lindl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A Catalpa ovata G.Don Orchidaceae Bignoniaceae Catopheria chiapensis A.Gray ex Benth. Cattleya intermedia Graham ex Hook. C ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Lamiaceae Orchidaceae Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Catopsis berteroniana (Schult. Cattleya iricolor Rchb. f. Warder ex Engelm. & Schult. f.) Mez Orchidaceae Bignoniaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Cattleya labiata Lindl. Catopsis floribunda L.B.Sm. Orchidaceae Catalpa sutchuenensis Dode Bromeliaceae Bignoniaceae Cattleya lawrenceana Rchb. f. Catopsis morreniana Mez Orchidaceae Catananche caerulea L. Bromeliaceae = Cattleya dowiana Bateman Asteraceae Catopsis nitida (Hook.) Griseb. & Rchb. f. ◆ Weed - 2 Bromeliaceae Cattleya leopoldii Verschaff. ex Lem. Catananche caespitosa Desf. Catopsis nutans (Sw.) Griseb. Orchidaceae Asteraceae Bromeliaceae Cattleya lindleyana Rchb. f. marinum (L.) C.E.Hubb. Catopsis sessiliflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez Orchidaceae Poaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Cattleya loddigesii Lindl. Catopsis subulata L.B.Smith Orchidaceae Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E.Hubb. Bromeliaceae ex Dony Cattleya luteola Lindl. Poaceae Cattleya aclandiae Lindl. Orchidaceae See: Desmazeria rigida (L.) Tutin Orchidaceae Cattleya maxima Lindl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Cattleya amethystoglossa Linden Orchidaceae Catasetum barbatum (Lindl.) Lindl. & Rchb. f. Cattleya mendelii L.Linden & Rodigas Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Catasetum cernuum (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Cattleya araguaiensis Pabst Cattleya mossiae R.Parker ex Hook. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Catasetum expansum Rchb. f. Cattleya aurantiaca (Bateman ex Lindl.) Cattleya nobilior Rchb. f. Orchidaceae P.N.Don Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Catasetum fimbriatum (C.Morr.) Lindl. Cattleya percivaliana (Rchb. f.) O’Brien Orchidaceae Cattleya bicolor Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Catasetum fuliginosum Lindl. Cattleya porphyroglossa Linden Orchidaceae Cattleya bowringiana O’Brien & Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Catasetum integerrimum Hook. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Cattleya chocoensis Linden Cattleya portia hort. Orchidaceae Catasetum macrocarpum Rich. Orchidaceae ex Kunth Cattleya citrina (Lex.) Lindl. = Cattleya bowringiana O’Brien Orchidaceae Orchidaceae X Cattleya labiata Lindl. Catasetum oerstedii Rchb. f. Cattleya dormaniana (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. Cattleya rex O’Brien Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Catasetum pileatum Rchb. f. Cattleya dowiana Bateman Cattleya schilleriana Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae See: Cattleya lawrenceana Rchb. f. Catasetum roseum Barb.Rodr. Cattleya skinneri Bateman Orchidaceae Cattleya elongata Barb.Rodr. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Catasetum saccatum Lindl. Cattleya trianae Linden & Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Cattleya forbesii Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Catasetum tenebrosum Kraenzl. Cattleya velutina Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Cattleya gaskelliana Sander Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Catasetum trulla Lindl. Cattleya violacea (Kunth) Rolfe Orchidaceae Cattleya granulosa Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Catasetum viridiflavum Hook. Cattleya walkeriana Gardn. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 101 Cattleya warneri (Warner) T.Moore Ceanothus gloriosus J.T.Howell Ceanothus sorediatus Hook. & Arn. Orchidaceae Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae ◆ Weed Cattleya warscewiczii Rchb. f. Ceanothus griseus (Trel.) McMinn Orchidaceae Rhamnaceae Ceanothus spinosus Nutt. Rhamnaceae Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Ceanothus hybrids hort. ◆ Weed D.D.Tirvengadum Rhamnaceae Rubiaceae Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Eschsch. C Ceanothus impressus Trel. Rhamnaceae Caularthron bicornutum (Hook.) Raf. Rhamnaceae ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Ceanothus incanus Torr. & Gray Ceanothus tomentosus C.Parry Caularthron bilamellatum (Rchb. f.) Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae R.E.Schult. Ceanothus insularis Eastw. Orchidaceae Ceanothus X veitchianus Hook. Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae Caulophyllum robustum Maxim. = Ceanothus megacarpus Nutt. = Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. Berberidaceae var. insularis (Eastw.) Munz X Ceanothus griseus (Trel.) McMinn Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn. Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook. Berberidaceae Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Cavendishia acuminata (Hook.) Hemsl. Ceanothus jepsonii Greene adenopus Mart. ex Miq. Ericaceae Rhamnaceae Cecropiaceae Cavendishia bracteata (Ruiz & Pav. Ceanothus leucodermis Greene ◆ Weed ex J.St.-Hil.) Hoerold Rhamnaceae Cecropia palmata Willd. Ericaceae ◆ Weed Cecropiaceae Cavendishia complectens Hemsl. Ceanothus X lobbianus (Hook.) ◆ Weed Ericaceae McMinn L. Rhamnaceae Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. Cecropiaceae Vitaceae Ceanothus masonii McMinn ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 Rhamnaceae Cedrela fissilis Vell. Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin Ceanothus megacarpus Nutt. Meliaceae Vitaceae Rhamnaceae Cedrela odorata L. ◆ Weed - Nn See: Ceanothus insularis Eastw. Meliaceae ◆ Weed Ceanothus americanus L. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Rhamnaceae Ceanothus microphyllus Michx. ◆ Cedrela sinensis A.Juss. Weed - 2 Rhamnaceae Meliaceae Ceanothus arboreus Greene Ceanothus oliganthus Nutt. ◆ Weed Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae Cedrela Roxb. ex Willd. Ceanothus coeruleus Lag. Ceanothus X pallidus Lindl. Meliaceae Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae = M.J.Roem. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. Ceanothus papillosus Torr. & Gray Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae Cedrela tubiflora Bertoni See: Ceanothus ramulosus (Greene) ◆ Weed Meliaceae McMinn ◆ Weed Ceanothus parryi Trel. Cedronella canariensis Webb & Berthel. Rhamnaceae Lamiaceae Ceanothus cyaneus Eastw. ◆ Weed - N - 3 Rhamnaceae Ceanothus pinetorum Cov. ◆ Weed Rhamnaceae Cedronella triphylla Moench Lamiaceae Ceanothus X delilianus Spach Ceanothus prostratus Benth. Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae atlantica (Endl.) G.Manetti = Ceanothus coeruleus Lag. ◆ Weed ex Carrière X Ceanothus americanus L. Pinaceae Ceanothus pumilus Greene ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Ceanothus dentatus Torr. & A.Gray Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae (Hook. f.) A.Henry Ceanothus ramulosus (Greene) McMinn Pinaceae Ceanothus divergens Parry Rhamnaceae = A.Rich. ssp. Rhamnaceae = Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. brevifolia (Hook. f.) Meikle Ceanothus ferrisae McMinn Ceanothus rigidus Nutt. (Roxb. ex D.Don) Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae G.Don Ceanothus foliosus Parry Ceanothus sonomensis J.Howell Pinaceae Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2

102 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Cedrus libani A.Rich. Celmisia verbascifolia Hook. f. occidentalis L. Pinaceae Asteraceae See: Cedrus brevifolia (Hook. f.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Celmisia viscosa Hook. f. A.Henry Asteraceae Celtis pallida Torr. ◆ Weed - 2 Ulmaceae argentea L. ◆ Ceiba aesculifolia (Kunth) Britten Amaranthaceae Weed - 5 & Baker See: Celosia cristata L., Celosia Celtis selloviana Miq. C Bombacaceae plumosa (Voss) Burv. ◆ Ulmaceae Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Pers. Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Celosia cristata L. Ulmaceae Bombacaceae Amaranthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A See: Eriodendron anfractuosum DC. = L. var. cristata ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 5 (L.) Kuntze Celtis spinosa Spreng. ◆ Ulmaceae Celastrus angulatus Maxim. Weed - 2A = Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg. Celastraceae Celosia plumosa (Voss) Burv. ◆ Weed Amaranthaceae Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. = Celosia argentea L. Celtis tala Gillies ex Planch. Celastraceae Ulmaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Celosia spicata (Thouars) Spreng = Celtis ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Amaranthaceae Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Liebm. Celastraceae Celsia arcturus (L.) Jacq. ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae Celastrus scandens L. Celtis tournefortii Lam. See: Verbascum arcturus L. Celastraceae Ulmaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Celtica gigantea (Link) F.M.Vazquez & Barkworth Celtis yunnanensis C.K.Schneid. Celmisia adamsii T.Kirk. Poaceae Ulmaceae Asteraceae See: Stipa gigantea Link biflorus Roxb. Celmisia angustifolia Cockayne Celtis africana Burm. f. Poaceae Asteraceae Ulmaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A ◆ Celmisia armstrongii Petrie Weed Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. Asteraceae L. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A Celmisia bellidioides Hook. f. Ulmaceae ◆ Asteraceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Cenchrus caliculatus Cav. Celtis bungeana Blume Poaceae Celmisia coriacea (G.Forst.) Hook. f. Ulmaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Asteraceae Celtis caucasica Willd. L. Celmisia dallii Buchanan Ulmaceae Poaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A Celtis douglasii Planch. Celmisia incana Hook. f. Ulmaceae L. Asteraceae = Celtis laevigata Willd. var. reticulata Poaceae Celmisia lateralis Buchanan (Torr.) L.Benson ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Asteraceae Celtis ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Liebm. Cenchrus gracillimus Nash Celmisia lyallii Hook. f. Ulmaceae Poaceae Asteraceae See: Celtis tala Gillies ex Planch. ◆ Weed Celmisia mackaui Raoul Celtis formosana Hayata Cenchrus incertus M.A.Curtis Asteraceae Ulmaceae Poaceae See: Cav. Celmisia major Cheeseman Celtis glabrata Steven ex Planch. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Asteraceae Ulmaceae (Hack.) Fernald Celmisia ramulosa Hook. f. Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg. Poaceae Asteraceae Ulmaceae See: Celtis spinosa Spreng. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A - 5 Celmisia semicordata Petrie ◆ Weed Hochst. Asteraceae Celtis jessoensis Koidz. & Steud. Celmisia sessiliflora Hook. f. Ulmaceae Poaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N Celtis julianae C.K.Schneid. Celmisia setacea Colenso Ulmaceae Cenchrus setiger Vahl. Asteraceae Poaceae Celtis laevigata Willd. See: Cenchrus setigerus Vahl. Celmisia spectabilis Hook. f. Ulmaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Asteraceae See: Celtis douglasii Planch. ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 103 Cenchrus setigerus Vahl. Centaurea hypoleuca DC. Centaurea pulchella Ledeb. Poaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae = Cenchrus setiger Vahl ◆ Weed Centaurea iberica Trevir. ex Spreng. ◆ Weed - 1A Asteraceae Centaurea pulcherrima Willd. Cenchrus spinifex Cav. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Asteraceae Poaceae Centaurea imperialis hort. Centaurea ragusina L. = Cenchrus incertus M.A.Curtis Asteraceae Asteraceae C ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 = Amberboa moschata (L.) DC. Centaurea rhenana Boreau Cenia barbata Benth. & Hook. f. Centaurea jacea L. Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 3 Cenia hispida Benth. & Hook. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Centaurea rothrockii Greenm. Asteraceae Centaurea kopetdaghensis Iljin Asteraceae Cenia turbinata (L.) Pers. Asteraceae ◆ Weed Asteraceae Centaurea kotschyana Heuffel ex Koch Centaurea rupestris L. = L. Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed Centaurea kubanica Klokov Centaurea alpestris Hegetschw. Asteraceae Centaurea salicifolia Bieb. Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed Centaurea macrocephala Muss.Puschk. ex Willd. Centaurea scabiosa L. Centaurea americana Nutt. Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 ◆ Weed - N - 3 ◆ Weed Centaurea maculosa Lam. Centaurea simplicicaulis Boiss. & Huet Centaurea arbutifolia Svent. Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 L. Centaurea arguta Nees Centaurea maritima Dufour Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Centaurea aspera L. Centaurea melitensis L. Centaurea uniflora Turra Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed Centaurea atropurpurea Waldst. & Kit. L. Centaurium erythraea Rafn Asteraceae Asteraceae Gentianaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 2A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Centaurea biebersteinii DC. L. Centaurium maritimum (L.) Fritsch Asteraceae Asteraceae Gentianaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A L. Centaurea nigrescens Willd. Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce Asteraceae Asteraceae Gentianaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 ◆ Weed - N - 3A Centaurea canariensis Willd. Centaurea orientalis L. Centaurium scilloides (L. f.) Samp. Asteraceae Asteraceae & non (L Centaurea L. ◆ Weed Gentianaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed Centaurea paniculata L. ◆ Weed - N - 2 Asteraceae Centaurium spicatum (L.) Fritsch Centaurea cyanus L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 ex E.Jansen Asteraceae Gentianaceae Centaurea pannonica (Heuffel) ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Simonkai Centaurea dealbata Willd. Asteraceae Centaurium tenuiflorum (Hoffm. Asteraceae ◆ Weed & Link) Fritsch ex Janch. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Gentianaceae Centaurea phrygia L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Centaurea eriophora L. Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed asiatica (L.) Urb. ◆ Weed - N - 3A Apiaceae Centaurea pontica Prodan & E.I.Nayardy See: asiatica L. Centaurea faurei Maire ex Faure Asteraceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 - 5 Asteraceae Centaurea pseudophrygia C.A.Meyer Centipeda cunninghamii (DC.) A.Br. Centaurea gymnocarpa Moris ex Ruprecht & Asch. & De Not. Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1

104 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Centipeda minima (L.) A.Br. & Asch. Centrosema plumieri (Turpin ex Pers.) Cephalocereus hoppenstedtii Asteraceae Benth. K.Schum. ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A Centradenia floribunda Planch. Cephalocereus lanuginosus (L.) Britton Melastomataceae Centrosema pubescens Benth. & Rose Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cactaceae Centradenia inaequilateralis (Cham. See: Centrosema virginianum (L.) & Schltdl.) G.Don Folsom Cephalocereus leucostele Gürke Benth. C Melastomataceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Centranthus angustifolius (Mill.) DC. Cephalocereus nizandensis (Bravo Centrosema sagittatum (Humb. Valerianaceae & MacDougall) Buxb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Brandegee Cactaceae Centranthus macrosiphon Boiss. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Valerianaceae ◆ Weed Cephalocereus palmeri Rose ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Cactaceae Centrosema schottii (Millsp.) K.Schum. Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cephalocereus senilis (Haw.) Pfeiff. Valerianaceae Cactaceae Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae confertum K.Kirkman = Centrosema pubescens Benth. Cephalocereus totolapensis (Bravo Asteraceae ◆ Weed & MacDougall) Buxb. Cactaceae Centratherum punctatum Cass. Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brot.) Tussac Asteraceae Rubiaceae Cephalocleistocactus chrysocephalus ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2 See: Psychotria ipecacuanha F.Ritter (Brot.) Stokes Cactaceae (R.Br.) Roem. & Schult. Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Cephalocleistocactus ritteri (Backeb.) Rubiaceae Backeb. ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 Cactaceae = Cleistocactus ritteri Backeb. Centrolobium paraense Tul. Cephalaria alpina (L.) Roem. & Schult. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dipsacaceae Cephalophyllum alstonii Marloth ◆ Weed ◆ Weed ex L.Bolus Aizoaceae Centrolobium tomentosum Guillemin Cephalaria dipsacoides Boiss. & Bal. ex Benth. Dipsacaceae Cephalophyllum anemoniflorum Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Schwantes Cephalaria gigantea (Ledeb.) Bobrov Aizoaceae Centropodia forskalii (Vahl) Cope Dipsacaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Cephalophyllum aureorubrum L.Bolus See: forskalii (Vahl) Trin. Aizoaceae Cephalaria leucantha (L.) Roem. Centropogon granulosus C.Presl & Schult. Cephalophyllum ebracteatum (Schltr. Campanulaceae Dipsacaceae & Diels) Dinter & Schwantes ◆ Weed Aizoaceae Centrosema angustifolium (Kunth) Benth. Cephalaria tchihatchewii Boiss. Cephalophyllum francisci L.Bolus Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dipsacaceae Aizoaceae Centrosema arenarium Benth. Cephalocereus apicicephalium Cephalophyllum gracile L.Bolus Leguminosae - Papilionaceae E.Y.Dawson Aizoaceae Cactaceae Centrosema brasilianum Benth. Cephalophyllum littlewoodii L.Bolus Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cephalocereus chrysacanthus Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - N (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose Cephalophyllum pillansii L.Bolus Cactaceae Centrosema dasyanthum Benth. Aizoaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cephalocereus columna-trajani Cephalophyllum spissum (Pfeiff.) P.V.Heath Centrosema grandiflorum Benth. H.E.K.Hartmann Cactaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aizoaceae Cephalocereus dybowskii (Rol.-Goss.) Centrosema macrocarpum Benth. Cephalophyllum spongiosum L.Bolus Britton & Rose Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aizoaceae Cactaceae Centrosema molle Mart. ex Benth. Cephalophyllum tricolorum (Haw.) Cephalocereus euphorbioides (Haw.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Schwantes Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - N - 1 Aizoaceae Cactaceae Centrosema pascuorum Mart. ex Benth. Cephalostachyum pergracile Munro Cephalocereus glaucescens (Labour.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae Borg ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A ◆ Weed Cactaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 105 Cephalostachyum virgatum (Munro) Cerasus caudata (Franch.) T.T.Yü Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. & Zucc. Kurz & C.L.Li Cercidiphyllaceae Poaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed Cephalotaxus drupacea Sieb & Zucc. siliqua L. Cercidiphyllum magnificum (Nakai) Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Nakai ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A Cercidiphyllaceae Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook. C Cephalotaxaceae demersum L. Cercidium floridum Benth. ex A.Gray Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Cephalotaxus hainanensis H.W.Li ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 = florida (Benth. Cephalotaxaceae ex Gray) S.Wats. pteridoides (Hook.) Hieron. Cephalotaxus harringtonia (Knight ◆ Weed Pteridaceae ex J.Forbes) K.Koch ◆ Weed - 1 Cercidium praecox (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms Cephalotaxaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. Cephalotaxus sinensis (Rehder ◆ Weed - 5 Pteridaceae & E.H.Wilson) H.L.Li ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Cercis canadensis L. Cephalotaxaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Ceratostigma griffithii C.B.Clarke Cerastium alpinum L. s.l. See: Cercis occidentalis Torr. ex Plumbaginaceae Caryophyllaceae A.Gray Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Bunge ◆ Weed - 1 Cerastium arvense L. Plumbaginaceae Caryophyllaceae Cercis chinensis Bunge ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Ceratostigma willmottianum Stapf Cerastium balearicum F.Herm. Cercis chingii Chun Plumbaginaceae Caryophyllaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A Cercis griffithii Boiss. Ceratostylis lancipetala Schltr. Cerastium biebersteinii DC. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Orchidaceae Caryophyllaceae Cercis occidentalis Torr. ex A.Gray ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Ceratostylis micrantha Schltr. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Orchidaceae Cerastium boissieri Gren. = Cercis canadensis L. var. texensis Caryophyllaceae Ceratostylis pendula Hook. f. (Wats.) M.Hopkins ◆ Orchidaceae Weed Cerastium candidissimum Correns Caryophyllaceae Ceratostylis retisquama Rchb. f. Cercis racemosa Oliv. Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Cerastium comatum Desv. Caryophyllaceae Ceratostylis rubra Ames Cercis reniformis Engelm. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Cerastium diffusum Pers. Ceratotheca triloba (Bernh.) E.Mey. Cercis siliquastrum L. Caryophyllaceae ex Hook. f. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - N - 1A Pedaliaceae Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Cercis yunnanensis Hu & Cheng Caryophyllaceae Ceratozamia hildae G.P.Landry Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 & M.C.Wilson Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. Rosaceae Cerastium grandiflorum Waldst. & Kit. ◆ Weed Caryophyllaceae Ceratozamia kuesteriana Regel ◆ Weed - 1 Zamiaceae Cercocarpus breviflorus A.Gray Rosaceae Cerastium pumilum Curtis Ceratozamia latifolia Miq. Caryophyllaceae Zamiaceae Cercocarpus macrophyllus ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 C.K.Schneid Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. Rosaceae Cerastium semidecandrum L. Zamiaceae Caryophyllaceae Cercocarpus montanus Raf. Ceratozamia miqueliana H.Wendl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Rosaceae Zamiaceae ◆ Weed Cerastium tomentosum L. Ceratozamia robusta Miq. Caryophyllaceae adelmarii (Rizzini & Mattos) Zamiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 P.J.Braun Ceratozamia zaragozae Medellin-Leal Cactaceae Cerastium X tomentosum group Zamiaceae Caryophyllaceae Cereus aethiops Haw. ◆ Weed - 2 Cercestis mirabilis (N.E.Br.) Bogner Cactaceae Araceae Cerastium vulgare Hartm. Cereus albicaulis (Britton & Rose) Caryophyllaceae Cercestis taiensis Bogner & M.Knecht Luetzelb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Araceae Cactaceae

106 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Cereus amazonicus K.Schum. Cereus mortensenii (Croizat) D.R.Hunt gemmifera K.Schum. Cactaceae & N.P.Taylor Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Cereus atroviridis Backeb. Ceropegia africana R.Br. Cactaceae Cereus pachyrrhizus K.Schum. Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Cereus calcirupicola (F.Ritter) Rizzini Ceropegia ampliata E.H.Meyer Cactaceae Cereus phatnospermus K.Schum. Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Cereus chalibaeus Berol. ex Salm-Dyck Ceropegia arenaria R.A.Dyer C Cactaceae Cereus polyacanthus Engelm. Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Cereus comarapanus Cárdenas Ceropegia aristolochioides Decne. Cactaceae Cereus repandus (L.) Mill. Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Cereus crassisepalus Buining & Brederoo Ceropegia barklyi Hook. f. Cactaceae Cereus rhodoleucanthus K.Schum. Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Cereus dayami Speg. Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. Cactaceae Cereus russelianus Berol ex Salm-Dyck Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Cereus diffusus (Britton & Rose) Ceropegia carnosa E.Mey. Werderm. Cereus saddianus (Rizzini & A.Mattos) Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae P.J.Braun Cactaceae Ceropegia cimiciodora Obermeyer Cereus euchlorus F.A.C.Weber Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Cereus saxicola Morong Cactaceae Ceropegia crassifolia Schltr. Cereus fernambucensis Lem. Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Cereus sepium (H.B.K.) DC. Ceropegia cyanchoides Schltr. See: Cereus variabilis Pfeiff. Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae Cereus sericifer (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun Cereus forbesii Berol. ex Foerst. Cactaceae Ceropegia cynanchoides Schltr. Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae = Cereus validus Haw. Cereus smithianus (Britton & Rose) Werderm. Ceropegia debilis N.E.Br. Cereus haageanus (Backeb.) N.P.Taylor Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Cereus spegazzinii F.A.C.Weber Ceropegia decidua E.A.Bruce Cereus hankeanus F.A.C.Weber ex Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae K.Schum. See: Monvillea spegazzinii Britton Cactaceae Ceropegia dichotoma Haw. & Rose Asclepiadaceae Cereus hexagonus (L.) Mill. Cereus stenogonus K.Schum. Cactaceae Ceropegia distincta N.E.Br. Cactaceae ◆ Weed Asclepiadaceae Cereus uruguayensis C.Ritter Cereus hildmannianus K.Schum. ex R.Kiesling Ceropegia elegans Wall. Cactaceae Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae See: Cereus uruguayensis C.Ritter = Cereus hildmannianus K.Schum. Ceropegia fusca Bolle ex R.Kiesling ssp. uruguayanus (R.Kiesling) ◆ Asclepiadaceae Weed - 4 N.P.Taylor Ceropegia hastata N.E.Br. Cereus horrispinus Bakeb. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Cereus validus Haw. Ceropegia haygarthii Schltr. Cereus huilunchu Cárdenas Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae See: Cereus forbesii Berol. ex Foerst. Ceropegia intermedia Wight Cereus huntingtonianus Weing. Cereus variabilis Pfeiff. Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Cereus fernambucensis Lem. Ceropegia linearis E.Mey. Cereus insularis Hemsl. Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Cereus xanthocarpus K.Schum. Cactaceae Ceropegia lugardae N.E.Br. Cereus jamacaru DC. = Cereus hildmannianus K.Schum. Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Cerinthe glabra Mill. ◆ Weed - 2 - 4 - 5 Ceropegia monteiroae Hook. f. Boraginaceae Asclepiadaceae Cereus lanosus (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun ◆ Weed Cactaceae Ceropegia nilotica Kotschy Cerinthe major L. Asclepiadaceae Cereus lauterbachii K.Schum. ex Chod. Boraginaceae & Hassl. ◆ Weed - 3 Ceropegia oculata Hook. Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae Cerochlamys pachyphylla (L.Bolus) Cereus mirabella N.P.Taylor L.Bolus Ceropegia racemosa N.E.Br. Cactaceae Aizoaceae Asclepiadaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 107 Ceropegia radicans Schltr. Cestrum endlicheri Miers Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. Asclepiadaceae Solanaceae Apiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Ceropegia rendallii N.E.Br. Cestrum fasciculatum (Schltdl.) Miers Asclepiadaceae Solanaceae Chaerophyllum hirsutum L. ◆ Weed Apiaceae Ceropegia robynsiana Werderm. ◆ Weed - 2 Asclepiadaceae Cestrum laurifolium L’Hérit. Solanaceae Chaetacme aristata Planch. C Ceropegia rupicola Deflers See: Acokanthera venenata G.Don Celtidaceae Asclepiadaceae Cestrum newelli Nichoson Chaetocalyx brasiliensis (Vogel) Benth. Ceropegia sandersoni Decne. ex Hook. Solanaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asclepiadaceae Cestrum nocturnum L. Chaetoptelea mexicana Liebm. Ceropegia stapeliiformis Haw. Solanaceae Ulmaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Chaetotropis chilensis Kunth Ceropegia stenantha K.Schum. Cestrum parqui L’Hérit. Poaceae Asclepiadaceae Solanaceae Chaiturus marrubiastrum (L.) Rchb. Ceropegia variegata Decne. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Lamiaceae Asclepiadaceae Cestrum psittacinum Stapf See: Leonurus marrubiastrum L. Ceropegia verruculosa (R.A.Dyer) Solanaceae ◆ Weed - 5 D.V.Field Cestrum purpureum (Lindl.) Standl. Chamaealoe africana A.Berger Asclepiadaceae Solanaceae Aloaceae Ceropegia woodii Schltr. Cestrum roseum Kunth Chamaeanthus robertsii (Schltr.) Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Solanaceae Orchidaceae Ceroxylon alpinum Bonpl. ex DC. Ceterach officinarum Willd. Chamaebatia foliolosa Benth. Arecaceae Aspleniaceae Rosaceae Ceroxylon amazonicum Galeano = Asplenium ceterach L. ◆ Weed - 3 Arecaceae ◆ Weed Chamaecereus silvestrii (Speg.) Britton Ceroxylon echinulatum G.Galeano Chadsia grevei Drake & Rose Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cactaceae = Echinopsis chamaecereus Ceroxylon parvum Galeano Chaenactis nevadensis (Kellogg) A.Gray Friedrich & G.Rowley Arecaceae Asteraceae Chamaecereus sylvestrii (Speg.) Ceroxylon quindiuense (Karst.) Chaenomeles cathayensis (Hemsl.) Britton & Rose H.A.Wendl. C.K.Schneid. Cactaceae Arecaceae Rosaceae See: Cydonia cathayensis Hemsl. Chamaecrista absus (L.) H.S.Irwin Ceroxylon ventricosum Burret ◆ Weed - 2 & Barneby Arecaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Ceroxylon vogelianum (Engel) H.Wendl. See: Cassia absus L. ex Spach Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Rosaceae Lindl. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Chamaecrista dimidiata (Buch.-Ham. Solanaceae ex Roxb.) Lock Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Rosaceae Cestrum calycinum H.B.K. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene Solanaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Chaenomeles X superba (Frahm) Rehder ◆ Weed Rosaceae Chamaecrista falcinella (Oliv.) Lock Cestrum X cultum Francey = Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Solanaceae Lindl. ex Spach X Chaenomeles Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene ◆ Weed speciosa (Sweet) Nakai Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae = Cestrum elegans (Brongn. ex ◆ Weed - 2 See: Cassia glandulosa L. Neumann) Schltdl. X Cestrum Chaenorhinum glareosum (Boiss.) Willk. parqui L'Hérit. Chamaecrista nigricans (Vahl) Greene Scrophulariaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Cestrum diurnum L. Chaenorhinum origanifolium (L.) Fourr. ◆ Weed - Nn Solanaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Chamaecrista pilosa (L.) Greene ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Cestrum elegans (Brongn. Chaerophyllum aromaticum L. See: Cassia pilosa L. ex Neumann) Schltdl. Apiaceae ◆ Weed Solanaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Chamaecrista pygmaea Britton Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae

108 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Pers.) Chamaecytisus ratisbonensis (Schaeff.) Chamaedorea elegans Mart. Greene Rothm. Arecaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Chamaedorea humilis Mart. See: Cassia rotundifolia Pers. ◆ Weed Chamaecytisus supinus (L.) Link ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Chamaedorea ernesti-augustii H.Wendl. Chamaecrista serpens (L.) Greene ◆ Weed - 2 Arecaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench Chamaedorea erumpens H.E.Moore See: Cassia prostrata Humb. & Bonpl. C Ericaceae Arecaceae ex Willd. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Chamaedorea falcifera H.E.Moore Chamaedorea adscendens (Dammer) Arecaceae Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum. Burret Cupressaceae Arecaceae Chamaedorea fragrans (Ruiz & Pav.) Mart. Chamaecyparis funebris (Endl.) Franco Chamaedorea allenii L.H.Bailey Arecaceae Cupressaceae Arecaceae See: funebris Endl. Chamaedorea frondosa Hodel, ◆ Weed Chamaedorea amabilis H.Wendl. J.J.Castillo & Zúñiga ex Damm. Arecaceae Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A.Murray) Arecaceae Parl. Chamaedorea geonomiformis Cupressaceae Chamaedorea angustisecta Burret H.Wendl. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Arecaceae Arecaceae Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D.Don) Chamaedorea arenbergiana H.Wendl. Chamaedorea glaucifolia H.Wendl. Spach Arecaceae Arecaceae Cupressaceae Chamaedorea atrovirens Mart. Chamaedorea graminifolia H.Wendl. = Xanthocyparis nootkatensis Arecaceae Arecaceae (D.Don) Farjon & D.Harder ◆ Weed Chamaedorea benziei D.R.Hodel Chamaedorea guntheriana D.R.Hodel Arecaceae & N.W.Uhl Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. & Zucc.) = Chamaedorea carchensis Standl. Arecaceae Endl. & Steyern. Cupressaceae Chamaedorea hooperiana D.R.Hodel ◆ Weed Chamaedorea brachypoda Standley Arecaceae & Steyerm. Chamaecyparis pisifera (Sieb. & Zucc.) Arecaceae Chamaedorea humilis Mart. Endl. Arecaceae Cupressaceae Chamaedorea carchensis Standley = Chamaedorea elegans Mart. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 & Steyerm. Arecaceae Chamaedorea ibarrae D.R.Hodel Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) Britton, See: Chamaedorea benziei Arecaceae Sterns & Pogg. D.R.Hodel Chamaedorea keeleriorum D.R.Hodel Cupressaceae & J.J.CastilloMont ◆ Weed - N Chamaedorea castillo-montii D.R.Hodel Arecaceae Arecaceae Chamaecytisus albus (Hacq.) Rothm. Chamaedorea klotzschiana H.Wendl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Chamaedorea cataractarum Mart. Arecaceae Arecaceae Chamaecytisus hirsutus (L.) Link ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Chamaedorea lehmannii Burret Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Chamaedorea concolor Mart. Arecaceae Chamaedorea linearis (Ruiz & Pav.) Chamaecytisus palmensis (H.Christ) = Chamaedorea pinnatifrons (Jacq.) Mart. F.A.Bisby & K.W.Nicholls Oerst. Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Chamaedorea correae D.R.Hodel ◆ Weed - N - 1A Chamaedorea macrocarpa (Burret) Uhl & N.W.Uhl & Dransfield Chamaecytisus prolifer (L. f.) Link Arecaceae Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Chamaedorea costaricana Oerst. See: Chamaecytisus proliferus (L. f.) Chamaedorea metallica O.F.Cook Arecaceae Link, Cytisus palmensis (H.Christ) ex H.E.Moore See: Chamaedorea quezalteca Hutch., Cytisus proliferus L. f. Arecaceae Standley & Steyerm. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Chamaedorea microphylla H.Wendl. Chamaedorea dammeriana Burret Chamaecytisus proliferus (L. f.) Link Arecaceae Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Chamaedorea microspadix Burret = Chamaecytisus prolifer (L. f.) Link Chamaedorea deckeriana (Klotzsch) Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 Hemsley Arecaceae Chamaedorea nationsiana D.R.Hodel Chamaecytisus purpureus (Scop.) Link & J.J.Castillo Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Chamaedorea elatior Mart. Arecaceae ◆ Weed Arecaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 109 Chamaedorea neurochlamys Burret Chamaedorea simplex Burret Chamaerops humilis L. Arecaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed Chamaedorea nubium Standley Chamaedorea stenocarpa Standley & Steyerm. & Steyerm. Chamaespartium sagittale (L.) P.E.Gibbs Arecaceae Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Chamaedorea oblongata Mart. Chamaedorea stolonifera H.Wendl. C Arecaceae ex Hook. Chamaesyce australis (Boiss.) Arecaceae D.C.Hassall Chamaedorea oreophila Mart. Euphorbiaceae Arecaceae Chamaedorea sullivaniorum D.R.Hodel ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A & N.W.Uhl Chamaedorea pachecoana Standley Arecaceae Chamaesyce drummondii (Boiss.) & Steyerm. D.C.Hassall Arecaceae Chamaedorea tenella H.Wendl. Euphorbiaceae Arecaceae Chamaedorea pauciflora Mart. ◆ Weed - Nn Arecaceae Chamaedorea tenerrima Burret Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. Arecaceae Chamaedorea pedunculata D.R.Hodel Euphorbiaceae & N.W.Uhl Chamaedorea tepejilote Liebm. See: Euphorbia hirta L. Arecaceae ex Mart. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Arecaceae Chamaedorea pinnatifrons (Jacq.) Oerst. Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small Arecaceae Chamaedorea tuerckheimii (Dammer) Euphorbiaceae See: Chamaedorea concolor Mart. Burret See: Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Chamaedorea pittieri L.H.Bailey Arecaceae Chamaedorea volcanensis D.R.Hodel Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small & J.J.Castillo Euphorbiaceae Chamaedorea plumosa D.R.Hodel Arecaceae See: Chamaesyce supina (Raf.) Arecaceae Moldenke, Euphorbia supina Raf. Chamaedorea vulgata Standley Chamaedorea pochutlensis Liebm. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 & Steyerm. ex C.Martius Arecaceae Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small Arecaceae Euphorbiaceae Chamaedorea warscewiczii H.Wendl. Chamaedorea quezalteca Standley ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 Arecaceae & Steyerm. Chamaesyce ophthalmica (Pers.) Burch Arecaceae Chamaedorea wendlandi H.Wendl. Euphorbiaceae = Chamaedorea costaricana Oerst. Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A Chamaedorea radicalis Mart. Chamaedorea whitelockiana D.R.Hodel Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small Arecaceae & N.W.Uhl Euphorbiaceae Arecaceae Chamaedorea rhizomatosa D.R.Hodel See: Euphorbia chamaesyce L., Arecaceae Chamaedorea woodsoniana L.H.Bailey Aiton Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Chamaedorea robertii D.R.Hodel & N.W.Uhl Chamaedorea zamorae D.R.Hodel Chamaesyce supina (Raf.) Moldenke Arecaceae Arecaceae Euphorbiaceae = Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small Chamaedorea rojasiana Standley Chamaelirium luteum (L.) A.Gray ◆ Weed & Steyerm. Liliaceae Arecaceae Chambeyronia hookerii Becc. Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. Arecaceae Chamaedorea rossteniorum Hodel, Asteraceae G.Herrera & Cascante See: Anthemis nobilis L. Chambeyronia macrocarpa Vieill. Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 ex Becc. Arecaceae Chamaedorea sartorii Liebm. ex Mart. Chamaepericlymenum canadense (L.) Arecaceae Asch. & Graebn. Schauer Cornaceae Myrtaceae Chamaedorea scheryi L.H.Bailey = Cornus canadensis L. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A McPherson ◆ Weed - 3 Arecaceae Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub Chamaeranthemum igneum Regel Onagraceae Chamaedorea schiedeana C.Martius Acanthaceae = latifolium L. Arecaceae Chamaerops excelsa hort. Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb. Chamaedorea schippii Burret Arecaceae Asteraceae Arecaceae = Trachycarpus fortunei (Hook.) = matricarioides (Less.) Chamaedorea seifrizii Burret H.Wendl. Porter Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Chamaerops fortunei Hook. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Arecaceae

110 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Chara fibrosa C.Agardh ex Bruzelius Cheiranthus X allionii hort. Chelone glabra L. Characeae Brassicaceae Scrophulariaceae = X marshallii (Henfr.) Bois ◆ Weed - 2 Charpentiera obovata Gaud. Amaranthaceae Cheiranthus cheiri L. Chelone lyonii Pursh Brassicaceae Scrophulariaceae Chascolytrum subaristatum (Lam.) Desv. = Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz Poaceae Chelone obliqua L. ◆ Weed - 1A See: Briza subaristata Lam. Scrophulariaceae C Cheiranthus cinereus Webb & Berth. aethiopica (L.) N.E.Br. Chelonistele perakensis (Rolfe) Ridl. Brassicaceae Iridaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 5 Cheiranthus linifolius Pers. Chelonistele sulphurea (Blume) Pfitzer Brassicaceae (Gasp. ex Ten) Orchidaceae N.E.Br Cheiranthus maritimus L. Chelonopsis moschata Miq. Iridaceae Brassicaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 = Malcolmia maritima (L.) R.Br. Chelyocarpus chuco (Mart.) H.E.Moore (Salisb.) N.E.Br. Cheiranthus mutabilis L’Hérit. Arecaceae Iridaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A album L. Cheiranthus scoparius Brouss. ex Willd. Chenopodiaceae Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 H.O.Yates Cheiranthus semperflorens Schousb. Poaceae Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Brassicaceae ◆ Weed Chenopodiaceae Cheiridopsis brownii Schick & Tisch. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Chasmatophyllum musculinum (Haw.) Aizoaceae Dinter & Schwantes Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. Aizoaceae Cheiridopsis candidissima N.E.Br. Chenopodiaceae Aizoaceae See: Chenopodium nuttalliae Saff. Chasmatophyllum nelii Schwantes ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Aizoaceae Cheiridopsis comptonii L.Bolus ex Jacobsen Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. Chasmatophyllum willowmorense Aizoaceae Chenopodiaceae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Aizoaceae Cheiridopsis crassa L.Bolus Aizoaceae Chenopodium botrys L. Cheilanthes argentea Hook. Chenopodiaceae Pteridaceae Cheiridopsis cuprea N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Aizoaceae Cheilanthes californica (Hook.) Mett. Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Asch. Pteridaceae Cheiridopsis excavata L.Bolus Chenopodiaceae = Aspidotis californica (Hook.) Nutt. Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 ex Copeland Cheiridopsis meyeri N.E.Br. Chenopodium cristatum (F.Müell.) Cheilanthes capensis (Thunb.) Sw. Aizoaceae F.Müell. Pteridaceae Cheiridopsis pillansii L.Bolus Chenopodiaceae ◆ Cheilanthes farinosa (Forssk.) Kaulf. Aizoaceae Weed - Nn Pteridaceae Cheiridopsis quadrifolia L.Bolus Chenopodium curvispicatum Paul Cheilanthes hirta Sw. Aizoaceae G.Wilson Pteridaceae Chenopodiaceae Cheiridopsis speciosa L.Bolus ◆ Weed - Nn Cheilanthes hispanica Mett. Aizoaceae Pteridaceae Chenopodium detestans Kirk Cheiridopsis tuberculata N.E.Br. Chenopodiaceae Cheilanthes multifida multifida Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - N Pteridaceae Cheiridopsis turbinata L.Bolus Chenopodium giganteum D.Don Cheilanthes myriophylla Desv. Aizoaceae Chenopodiaceae Pteridaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Cheiridopsis vanzylii L.Bolus Cheilanthes pteridioides (Reichard) Aizoaceae Chenopodium glaucum L. C.Chr. Chenopodiaceae Chelidonium japonicum Thunb. Pteridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Papaveraceae Cheilanthes sinuata (Lag. ex Sw.) Domin ◆ Weed Chenopodium macrospermum Hook. f. Pteridaceae Chenopodiaceae Chelidonium majus L. = Astrolepis sinuata (Lag. ex Sw.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A Papaveraceae Benham & Windham ssp. sinuata ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Chenopodium melanocarpum (J.Black) Cheilanthes viridis (Forssk.) Sw. J.Black Chelone barbata Cav. Pteridaceae Chenopodiaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 111 Chenopodium multifidum L. Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. Chionodoxa sardensis Whittall ex Barr Chenopodiaceae Calycanthaceae & Sugden ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Liliaceae Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Link ◆ Weed - 2 Chenopodium murale L. Calycanthaceae Chenopodiaceae ◆ Weed Chionodoxa siehei Stapf ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Liliaceae Chimonanthus yunnanensis W.W.Sm. C (F.Müell.) Calycanthaceae Chiranthodendron pentadactylon F.Müell. ex Benth. Larreat. Chimonobambusa falcata (Nees) Nakai Chenopodiaceae Sterculiaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed Chirita pumila D.Don Chenopodium nuttalliae Saff. Gesneriaceae Chimonobambusa marmorea (Mitford) Chenopodiaceae Makino Chirita sinensis Lindl. = Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. Poaceae Gesneriaceae ssp. nuttalliae (Safford) H.D.Wilson ◆ Weed - N & Heiser Chironia baccifera L. Chimonobambusa quadrangularis Gentianaceae Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. (Franceschi) Makino ex Koch & Ziz X Chitalpa tashkentensis Elias & Wisura. Poaceae Chenopodiaceae Bignoniaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 See: Catalpa bignonioides X Chilopsis Chimonobambusa tumidinoda linearis Walter - (Cav.) Sweet Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (J.R.Xue & T.P.Yi) T.H.Wen Chenopodiaceae Chlidanthus fragrans Herb. Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Liliaceae = Qiongzhuea tumidinoda J.R.Xue Chenopodium rhadinostachyum & T.P.Yi Chloranthus inconspicuus Sw. F.V.Müell. Chloranthaceae Chimonobambusa tumidissinoda Chenopodiaceae J.R.Xue & T.P.Yi ex D.Ohrnb. Chloris bahiensis Steud. L. Poaceae Poaceae Chenopodiaceae Chingia pseudoferox Holttum Chloris barbata Sw. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Poaceae Chiapasia nelsonii (Britton & Rose) See: Chloris inflata Link Chionachne koenigii (Spreng.) Thwaites Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A - 5 Poaceae Cactaceae Chloris canterai Arechav. = Disocactus nelsonii (Britton retusus Lindl. & Paxton Poaceae & Rose) Linding. Oleaceae ◆ Weed Chiastophyllum oppositifolium L. Chloris ciliata Sw. (Ledeb.) A.Berger Oleaceae Poaceae Crassulaceae conspicua (G.Forst.) ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed Zotov Chloris distichophylla Lag. Chilianthus oleaceus Burchell Poaceae Poaceae Loganiaceae Chionochloa pallens Zotov = distichophylla (Lag.) Nees = Buddleja saligna Willd. Poaceae ◆ Weed Chiliotrichum diffusum (G.Forst.) Kuntze Chionochloa rigida (Raoul) Zotov Kunth Asteraceae Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A Chionodoxa cretica Boiss. & Heldr. Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet Liliaceae Chloris inflata Link Bignoniaceae Poaceae Chionodoxa forbesii Baker Chiloschista lunifera (Rchb. f.) J.J.Sm. = Chloris barbata Sw. Liliaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Chiloschista luniferus J.J.Smith Chloris pilosa Schumach. Chionodoxa gigantea Whittall Orchidaceae Poaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A Chiloschista usneoides (D.Don) Lindl. = Chionodoxa luciliae Boiss. Orchidaceae Chloris roxburghiana Schult. Chionodoxa luciliae Boiss. Poaceae Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh Liliaceae Ericaceae See: Chionodoxa gigantea Whittall R.Br. ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W.P.C.Barton ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 Ericaceae Chionodoxa nana (Schultes & Schultes f.) Boiss. & Heldr. Chloris uliginosa Hack. Chimonanthus fragrans Lindl. Liliaceae Poaceae Calycanthaceae ◆ Weed

112 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Chloris ventricosa R.Br. Choisya dumosa (Torr.) Gray odorata (L.) R.M.King Poaceae Rutaceae & H.Rob. ◆ Weed - Nn See: Choisya arizonica Standl., Asteraceae Choisya mollis Standl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A - 5 Sw. Poaceae Choisya mollis Standl. (DC.) R.M.King ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Rutaceae & H.Rob. = Choisya dumosa (Torr.) Gray Asteraceae Chlorodesmis fastigiata (C.Agardh) var. mollis (Standl.) L.Benson ◆ Weed - N - 3A C Ducker Chlorophyceae - Codiaceae Choisya ternata Kunth Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss. Rutaceae Euphorbiaceae Chlorogalum parviflorum S.Watson ◆ Weed - N - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Liliaceae Choisya ternata Kunth X Choisya Chrysalidocarpus cabadae H.E.Moore Chlorogalum pomeridianum arizonica Standl. Arecaceae (DC.) Kunth Rutaceae Liliaceae Chrysalidocarpus decipiens Becc. ◆ Weed Chondrilla juncea L. Arecaceae Asteraceae alismaefolium Baker Chrysalidocarpus lucubensis Becc. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Liliaceae Arecaceae Chondrodendron tomentosum Ruiz Chlorophytum amaniense Engl. Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H.Wendl. & Pav. Liliaceae Arecaceae = Dypsis lutescens (H.Wendl.) Chlorophytum bichetii (Karrer) Backer Chondropetalum mucronatum (Nees) Beentje & Dransf. Liliaceae Pillans ◆ Weed - 2 Chlorophytum bowkeri Baker Restionaceae Chrysalidocarpus madagascariensis Liliaceae Chondropetalum tectorum Pillans Becc. (Thunb.) Restionaceae Arecaceae J.Jacq. = Elegia tectorum (L. f.) Moline Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. Liliaceae & H.P. Linder Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5A Chlorophytum filipendulum Baker fragrans (Moon) Alston Chrysanthemum alpinum L. Liliaceae Apocynaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Chlorophytum krookianum Zahlbr. = Leucanthemopsis alpina (L.) Liliaceae Chonemorpha macrophylla (Roxb.) Heywood G.Don Chlorophytum macrophyllum (A.Rich.) Chrysanthemum balsamita L. Apocynaceae Asch. Asteraceae Liliaceae Chonemorpha penangensis Ridley = Tanacetum balsamita (Sch.Bip.) Apocynaceae Grierson Chlorophytum mannii Baker ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Liliaceae Chordospartium muritai A.W.Purdie Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousb. Chlorophytum orchidastrum Lindl. Asteraceae Liliaceae Chordospartium stevensonii = carinata (Schousboe) Cheeseman Chlorophytum sparsiflorum Baker Tzvelev Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Chorisia insignis Kunth Chlorophytum triflorum Kunth Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium Bombacaceae Liliaceae (Trevir.) Vis. Chorisia speciosa A.St.-Hil. Asteraceae Chlorospatha atropurpurea (Madison) Bombacaceae = Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Madison ◆ Weed Sch.Bip. Araceae ◆ Weed - 3 Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC. Chlorospatha dodsonii (G.S.Bunting) Brassicaceae Chrysanthemum coccineum Willd. Madison ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Asteraceae Araceae = Tanacetum coccineum (Willd.) Chortolirion angolense (Baker) A.Berger Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Grierson Aloeaceae B.L.Burtt & A.W.Hill ◆ Weed Anacardiaceae Christella acuminata (Houtt.) H.Lèv. Chrysanthemum coronarium L. Thelypteridaceae Choisya arizonica Standl. Asteraceae Rutaceae Christensonia vietnamica J.R.Haager = Glebionis coronarium (L.) Tzvelev = Choisya dumosa (Torr.) Gray Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2A - 3A - 5 var. arizonica (Standl.) L.Benson

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 113 Chrysanthemum corymbosum L. Chrysanthemum ptarmiciflorum Chrysopogon montanus Trin. ex Spreng. Asteraceae (Webb & Berthel.) Brenan Poaceae = Tanacetum corymbosum (L.) Asteraceae = Chrysopogon fulvus (Spreng.) Sch.Bip. Chiov. Chrysanthemum rubellum Sealy ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed Asteraceae Chrysanthemum frutescens L. Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty Chrysanthemum segetum L. Asteraceae Poaceae Asteraceae C = Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) See: Andropogon zizanioides (L.) = Glebionis segeta (L.) Fourr. Sch.Bip. ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 - 5 Urb., Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N Chrysanthemum X superbum Chrysanthemum haradjanii Bergmans ex J.W.Ingram Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Ell. K.H.Rechinger Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae = lacustre (Brot.) Chrysopsis rutteri (Rothrock) Greene Chrysanthemum indicum L. Samp. X Leucanthemum maximum Asteraceae Asteraceae (Ramond) DC. = Heterotheca rutteri (Rothrock) ◆ See: Dendranthema indicum (L.) Weed - 1 Shinners Des Moul. Chrysanthemum weyrichii (Maxim.) Chrysothemis pulchella (Donn ex Sims) ◆ Weed Miyabe Decne. Chrysanthemum lacustre Brot. Asteraceae Gesneriaceae Asteraceae Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich ◆ Weed - 2 = Leucanthemum lacustre (Brot.) Asteraceae tabularis A.Juss. Samp. Chrysobalanus icaco L. Meliaceae Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. Chrysobalanaceae ◆ Weed - 1A Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 Chukrasia velutina M.Roem. = Lam. Chrysocoma coma-aurea L. Meliaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Chrysanthemum mawii Hook. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Chuniophoenix hainanensis Burret Asteraceae Chrysogonum virginianum L. Arecaceae Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond Asteraceae Chuniophoenix humilis C.Z.Tang Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 & T.L.Wu = Leucanthemum maximum Chrysolepis chrysophylla (Dougl. Arecaceae (Ramond) DC. ex Hook.) Hjelmq. = Chuniophoenix nana Burret ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Fagaceae Chuniophoenix nana Burret Chrysanthemum X morifolium Ramat. See: Castanopsis chrysophylla Arecaceae Asteraceae (Dougl. ex Hook.) A.DC. See: Chuniophoenix humilis See: Dendranthema X grandiflorum Chrysophyllum cainito L. C.Z.Tang & T.L.Wu Kitam. Sapotaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Chuquiraga jussieui J.F.Gmel. Asteraceae Chrysanthemum multicaule Desf. Chrysophyllum gonocarpum (Mart. Asteraceae & Eichler) Engl. Chusquea coronalis Soderstrom & Calderon Chrysanthemum nipponicum (Franch. Sapotaceae Poaceae ex Maxim.) Matsum. Chrysophyllum imperiale (Linden) Asteraceae Benth. & Hook. f. Chusquea culeou E.Desv. = Nipponanthemum nipponicum Sapotaceae Poaceae (Franch. ex Maxim.) Kitam. Chrysophyllum marginatum (Hook. Chusquea foliosa L.G.Clark Chrysanthemum pacificum Nakai & Arn.) Radlk. Poaceae Asteraceae Sapotaceae Chusquea lehmannii Pilg. See: Ajania pacifica (Nakai) Poaceae K.Bremer & Humphries Chrysophyllum oliviforme L. Sapotaceae Chysis aurea Lindl. Chrysanthemum paludosum Poir. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Orchidaceae Asteraceae Chrysophyllum roxburghii G.Don = Mauranthemum paludosum (Poir.) Chysis bractescens Lindl. Sapotaceae Vogt & Oberpr. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. Chysis laevis Lindl. Poaceae Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Asteraceae Cibotium barometz (L.) J.Sm. = (L.) Chrysopogon fulvus (Spreng.) Chiov. Sch.Bip. Poaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 See: Chrysopogon montanus Trin. ex Spreng. ◆ Weed

114 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Cibotium chamissoi Kaulf. Cinchona pubescens Vahl Cipocereus bradei (Backeb. & Voll) Dicksoniaceae Rubiaceae Zappi & N.P.Taylor See: Cibotium splendens (Gaud.) See: Cinchona succirubra Pav. Cactaceae Krajina ex Skottsberg ex Klotzsch Cipocereus minensis (Werderm.) F.Ritter ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Cibotium glaucum (Sm.) Hook. & Arn. Cactaceae Dicksoniaceae Cinchona succirubra Pav. ex Klotzsch Cipocereus pleurocarpus F.Ritter Rubiaceae Cibotium regale Verschaff. & Lem. Cactaceae = Cinchona pubescens Vahl C Dicksoniaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Cipocereus pusilliflorus (F.Ritter) Cibotium schiedei Schltdl. & Cham. Zappi & N.P.Taylor Cineraria lyrata DC. Dicksoniaceae Cactaceae Asteraceae Cibotium splendens (Gaud.) Krajina ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 4A acarna (L.) Moench ex Skottsberg Asteraceae Cineraria lyratiformis Cron Dicksoniaceae = Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass. Asteraceae = Cibotium chamissoi Kaulf. ◆ Weed - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 3A Cicendia filiformis (L.) Delarbre (L.) Scop. Cineraria maritima L. Gentianaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A - 5 = cineraria DC. Cicendia quadrangularis (Dombey Cirsium japonicum Fisch. ex DC. Cineraria saxifraga DC. ex Lambert) Griseb. Asteraceae Asteraceae Gentianaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 ◆ Weed - N - 1A Cineraria tussilaginis L’Hérit. Cirsium pyrenaicum (Jacq.) All. Asteraceae Cicer arietinum L. Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae aromaticum Nees ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 2 Lauraceae (Savi) Ten. See: Cinnamomum cassia auct. Cicer cuneatum Hochst. ex A.Rich. Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A - 5 & T.Nees) Blume endivia L. Cissus amazonica Linden Lauraceae Asteraceae Vitaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Cissus bainesii (Hook. f.) Gilg (L.) J.Presl Cichorium intybus L. & M.Brandt Lauraceae Asteraceae Vitaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Cissus crameriana Schinz Cinnamomum cassia auct. Ciclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Vitaceae Sprague Lauraceae Apiaceae = Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees Cissus discolor Blume Vitaceae = Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Cinnamomum dulce (Roxb.) Sweet ◆ Weed Sprague ex Britton & P.Wilson Lauraceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 Cissus javana DC. Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume Vitaceae Cicuta douglasii (DC.) J.M.Coult. & Rose Lauraceae Apiaceae Cissus juttae Dinter & Gilg ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold Vitaceae Lauraceae Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz. ex Fisch. Cissus lanigera Harv. & C.A.Mey.) Maxim. Cinnamomum loureirii Nees Vitaceae Ranunculaceae Lauraceae ◆ Weed - 2 Cissus oblongifolia Merr. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. Vitaceae Ranunculaceae Cinnamomum verum J.Presl Lauraceae Cissus quadrangularis L. Cimicifuga rubifolia Kearney See: Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume Vitaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Cimicifuga simplex (DC.) Wormsk. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume Cissus quinquefolia (L.) Desf. ex Turcz. Lauraceae Vitaceae Ranunculaceae = Cinnamomum verum J.Presl. = Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Cinchona calisaya Wedd. ◆ Weed - 1 Planch. Rubiaceae Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Miq. Cissus rhombifolia Vahl See: Cinchona ledgeriana (Howard) Meliaceae Vitaceae Bern. Moens ex Trimen ◆ Weed Cipadessa cinerascens (Pellegr.) Cinchona ledgeriana (Howard) Bern. Hand.-Mazz. Cissus rhomboidea E.Mey. Moens ex Trimen Meliaceae Vitaceae Rubiaceae = Cinchona calisaya Wedd.

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 115 Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl X cyprius Lam. Cistus populifolius L. Vitaceae Cistaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 = Cistus ladanifer L. X Cistus ◆ Weed laurifolius L. Cissus sandersonii Harv. Cistus psilosepalus Sweet Vitaceae Cistus X dansereaui A.R.Pinto da Silva Cistaceae Cistaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Cissus sicyoides L. = Cistus ladanifer L. X Cistus Vitaceae Cistus X pulverulentus Pourret C inflatus Pourr. ex Demoly = Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson Cistaceae & C.E.Jarvis Cistus X florentinus Lam. = Cistus albidus L. X Cistus crispus L. ◆ Weed - 3 Cistaceae ◆ Weed - 2 = Cistus monspeliensis L. X Cistus Cissus striata Ruiz & Pav. Cistus X purpureus Lam. salviifolius L. Vitaceae Cistaceae ◆ Weed Cistus X glaucus Pourret = Cistus ladanifer L. X Cistus Cistaceae creticus L. Cissus trifoliata (L.) L. = Cistus laurifolius L. X Cistus Vitaceae Cistus rosmarinifolius Pourr. monspeliensis L. ◆ Weed Cistaceae Cistus heterophyllus Desf. - Weed Cissus trilobata Lam. Cistaceae Vitaceae Cistus salviifolius L. Cistus hirsutus Lam. Cistaceae Cissus tuberosa Moc. & Sessé ex DC. Cistaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Vitaceae Cistus X hybridus Pourr. Cistus X skanbergii Lojac. Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson Cistaceae Cistaceae & C.E.Jarvis = Cistus populifolius L. X Cistus = Cistus parviflorus Lam. X Cistus Vitaceae salviifolius L. monspeliensis L. Cistanthe tweedyi (Gray) Hershkovitz Cistus incanus L. Cistus X stenophyllus Link Portulacaceae Cistaceae Cistaceae Cistanthe umbellata (Torr.) Hershkovitz ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 = Cistus ladanifer L. X Cistus Portulacaceae monspeliensis L. Cistus inflatus Pourr. ex Demoly See: Calyptridium umbellatum Cistaceae Cistus symphytifolius Lam. (Torr.) E.Greene ◆ Weed - N Cistaceae Cistus albanicus E.F.Warburg Cistus ladanifer L. Cistus villosus L. ex Heywood Cistaceae Cistaceae Cistaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 = Cistus creticus L. Cistus albidus L. Cistus laurifolius L. Cistus X wintonensis O.E.Warb. Cistaceae Cistaceae Cistaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed = X Halimiocistus wintonensis Warb. Cistus X argenteus Dansereau Cistus X laxus Ait. f. Citharexylum berlandieri B.L.Rob. Cistaceae Cistaceae Verbenaceae = Cistus laurifolius L. X Cistus = Cistus populifolius L. X Cistus X canescens Sweet Citharexylum caudatum L. psilosepalus Sweet Verbenaceae Cistus X canescens Sweet ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Cistaceae Cistus libanotis L. = Cistus albidus L. X Cistus creticus L. Citharexylum cinereum L. ex J.F.Gmelin Cistaceae Verbenaceae Cistus cinereus Cav. Cistus loretii Rouy & Fouc. Cistaceae Citharexylum fruticosum L. Cistaceae Verbenaceae Cistus clusii Dunal Cistus lusitanicus Mill. = Citharexylum spinosum L. Cistaceae Cistaceae Citharexylum hidalgense Moldenke Cistus X corbariensis Pourret Cistus monspeliensis L. Verbenaceae Cistaceae Cistaceae = Cistus populifolius L. X Cistus Citharexylum montevidense Moldenke ◆ Weed - N - 2 salviifolius L. Verbenaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Cistus osbeckiifolius Webb ex Pit. Citharexylum myrianthum Cham. & Proust Cistus creticus L. Verbenaceae Cistaceae Cistaceae Citharexylum quadrangulare Jacq. See: Cistus villosus L. Cistus palhinhae Ingram Verbenaceae ◆ Weed Cistaceae = Citharexylum spinosum L. Cistus crispus L. Cistus parviflorus Lam. ◆ Weed Cistaceae Cistaceae ◆ Weed

116 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Citharexylum spinosum L. jambhiri Lush. Citrus X paradisi Macfad. Verbenaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae See: Citharexylum fruticosum L., possible hybrid = Citrus medica L. = Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck X Citharexylum quadrangulare Jacq. X Citrus reticulata Blanco and Citrus maxima (Burm. f.) Merr. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 perhaps another unknown taxon [most probable combination] ◆ Weed ◆ Weed X Citrofortunella microcarpa (Bunge) Wijnands Citrus japonica Thunb. Citrus reticulata Blanco Rutaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae C = Citrus madurensis Lour. See: Citrus nobilis Lour. Citrus junos Siebold ex Tanaka [possibly Citrus reticulata Blanco ◆ Weed Rutaceae X Fortunella sp.] Citrus reticulata Blanco. X Citrus Citrus latifolia (Yu.Tanaka) Tanaka (L.) Schrad. sinensis (L.) Osbeck Rutaceae Cucurbitaceae Rutaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Citrus limetta Risso Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Rutaceae Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. Rutaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 & Nakai ◆ Weed - 1 Cucurbitaceae Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. Citrus sinensis X Poncirus trifoliata (L.) See: Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. Rutaceae Osbeck - (L.) Raf. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A - 5 = Citrus medica L. X Citrus Rutaceae aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle. Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. [most probable source] Citrus sunki (Hayata) Tanaka Cucurbitaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Rutaceae = Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. X Citrus Citrus X tangelo J.W.Ingram sinensis (L.) Osbeck & H.E.Moore Citrus aurantiaca Tanaka Rutaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae = Citrus X paradisi Macfad. X Citrus Citrus X limonia Osbeck Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle X reticulata hort. Rutaceae Rutaceae = Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. X Citrus Citrus unshiu Marcow. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 reticulata Blanco Rutaceae Citrus aurantium L. See: Citrus volkameriana V.Ten. Citrus volkameriana V.Ten. & Pasq. Rutaceae & Pasq. Rutaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 = Citrus X limonia Osbeck Citrus bergamia Risso & Poit. Citrus madurensis Lour. Cladanthus arabicus (L.) Cass. Rutaceae Rutaceae Asteraceae considered by some as the hybrid See: X Citrofortunella microcarpa ◆ Weed - 3 Citrus medica L. X (Citrus maxima (Bunge) Wijnands (Burm. f.) Merr. X Citrus reticulata Cladium procerum S.T.Blake Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. Blanco) Cyperaceae Rutaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Citrus decumana L. nom. illeg. See: Citrus decumana L. nom. illeg., Rutaceae Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck Cladrastis kentukea (Dum.Cours.) Rudd = Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Cladrastis lutea (F. Michx.) Citrus deliciosa Ten. Citrus maxima (Burm. f.) Merr. K.Koch Rutaceae X Citrus reticulata Blanco. ◆ Weed Rutaceae Citrus floridana (J.W.Ingram Cladrastis lutea (F. Michx.) K.Koch & H.E.Moore) Mabb. Citrus medica L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae = Cladrastis kentukea (Dum.Cours.) ◆ Weed - N Citrus garrawayae F.M.Bailey Rudd Rutaceae Citrus meyeri Yu.Tanaka ◆ Weed Rutaceae Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck Cladrastis wilsonii Takeda Rutaceae Citrus microcarpa Bunge Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Citrus maxima (Burm. f.) Merr. Rutaceae Clappertonia ficifolia (Willd.) Decne. ◆ Weed - 2 Citrus myrtifolia Raf. Tiliaceae Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck X Citrus Rutaceae Clarkia amoena (Lehm.) A.Nelson reticulata Blanco. Citrus nobilis Lour. & J.F.Macbr. Rutaceae Rutaceae Onagraceae Citrus hystrix DC. = Citrus reticulata Blanco ◆ Weed - 2 Rutaceae ◆ Weed Clarkia bottae (Spach) F. & M.Lewis ◆ Weed Citrus paradisi X Poncirus trifoliata Onagraceae Macfad. - (L.) Raf. ◆ Weed Rutaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 117 Clarkia concinna (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Cleistocactus aureispinus (F.Ritter) Cleistocactus jujuyensis (Backeb.) Greene D.R.Hunt Backeb. Onagraceae Cactaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed = Cleistocactus baumannii (Lem.) = Cleistocactus hyalacanthus Lem. (K.Schum.) Rol.-Goss. Clarkia pulchella Pursh Onagraceae Cleistocactus azerensis Cárdenas Cleistocactus leonensis Madsen ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae Cactaceae C = Cleistocactus parapetiensis Clarkia rubicunda (Lindl.) H.F.Lewis Cleistocactus luribayensis Cárdenas Cárdenas & M.R.Lewis Cactaceae Onagraceae Cleistocactus baumannii (Lem.) Lem. Cleistocactus morawetzianus Backeb. Cactaceae Clarkia tenella (Cav.) Lewis & Lewis Cactaceae See: Cleistocactus aureispinus Onagraceae (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt, Cleistocactus Cleistocactus neoroezlii (F.Ritter) Buxb. Clarkia unguiculata Lindl. flavispinus (K.Schum.) Backeb. Cactaceae Onagraceae Cleistocactus brookeae Cárdenas ◆ Weed - 2 Cleistocactus palhuayensis F.Ritter Cactaceae & Shahori excavata Burm. f. Cactaceae Cleistocactus brookei Cárdenas Rutaceae See: Cleistocactus viridiflorus Backbg. ◆ Weed - 1A Cactaceae Cleistocactus parapetiensis Cárdenas Cleistocactus buchtienii Backeb. Clausena inequalis Benth. Cactaceae Cactaceae Rutaceae See: Cleistocactus azerensis Cárdenas Cleistocactus candelilla Cárdenas Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels Cleistocactus parviflorus (K.Schum.) Cactaceae Rutaceae Rol.-Goss. Clausena wampi (Blanco) Oliv. Cleistocactus celsianus (Cels ex Salm- Cactaceae Rutaceae Dyck) F.A.C.Weber See: Cleistocactus areolatus Cactaceae (Muehlenpf.) Riccob. Clavija hookeri A.DC. Theophrastaceae Cleistocactus chotaensis A.Weber Cleistocactus piraymirensis Cárdenas Cactaceae Cactaceae Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd. Portulacaceae Cleistocactus crassiserpens Rauh Cleistocactus reae Cárdenas ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 & Backeberg Cactaceae Cactaceae Claytonia sibirica L. Cleistocactus ritteri Backeb. Portulacaceae Cleistocactus dependens Cárdenas Cactaceae See: Montia sibirica (L.) T.J.Howell Cactaceae See: Cephalocleistocactus ritteri ◆ (Backeb.) Backeb. Weed - 1 - 2 Cleistocactus fieldianus (Britton claoxyloides Müll.Arg. & Rose) D.R.Hunt Cleistocactus roezlii (F.Haage Euphorbiaceae Cactaceae ex Schumann) Backeb. Cactaceae Cleisostoma fissicors (Ridl.) Seidenf. Cleistocactus flavispinus (K.Schum.) & J.J.Wood Backeb. Cleistocactus rojoi Cárdenas Orchidaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Cleistocactus baumannii (Lem.) Cleistocactus roseiflorus (Buining) Cleisostoma fordii Hance Lem. Orchidaceae G.D.Rowley Cleistocactus fossulatus R.Mottram Cactaceae Cleisostoma pacificum P.J.Cribb Cactaceae & B.A.Lewis Cleistocactus samaipatanus Orchidaceae Cleistocactus grossei (Hort.) Backeb. (Cardenas) D.R.Hunt Cactaceae Cactaceae Cleisostoma scortechinii (Hook. f.) See: Borzicactus samaipatanus Cleistocactus horstii P.J.Braun Garay (Cardenas) Kimnach Orchidaceae Cactaceae Cleistocactus sepium (Kunth) A.Weber Cleisostoma subulatum Blume Cleistocactus hyalacanthus (K.Schum.) Cactaceae Orchidaceae Rol.-Goss. See: Borzicactus websterianus Cactaceae Cleistocactus acanthurus (Vaupel) Backeb. See: Cleistocactus jujuyensis D.R.Hunt (Backeb.) Backeb. Cleistocactus serpens (Kunth) A.Weber Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Loxanthocereus acanthurus Cleistocactus icosagonus (Kunth) (Vaupel) Backeb. A.Weber Cleistocactus sextonianus (Backeb.) Cactaceae D.R.Hunt Cleistocactus areolatus (Muehlenpf.) See: Borzicactus icosagonus (Kunth) Cactaceae Riccob. Britton & Rose, Seticereus icosagonus See: Loxanthocereus aticensis Rauh Cactaceae (Kunth) Backeb. & Backeb. = Cleistocactus parviflorus (K.Schum.) Rol.-Goss.

118 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Cleistocactus smaragdiflorus (Web.) campaniflora Brot. Clematis indivisa Willd. Britton & Rose Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed Clematis integrifolia L. Cleistocactus strausii (Heese) Bckbg. Clematis X cartmanii hort. Ranunculaceae Cactaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed = Clematis marmoraria Sneddon Cleistocactus tarijensis Cárdenas X Clematis paniculata Gmelin Clematis intricata Bunge Cactaceae Ranunculaceae C Clematis chinensis Osbeck ◆ Weed Cleistocactus tenuiserpens Rauh Ranunculaceae & Backeb. Clematis X jackmanii T.Moore Cactaceae Clematis chrysocoma Franch. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae = Clematis lanuginosa Lindl. Cleistocactus tominensis (Weing.) X Clematis viticella L. Backeb. Clematis cirrhosa L. ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Clematis X jouiniana C.K.Schneider Cleistocactus tupizensis (Vaupel) Ranunculaceae Backeb. Clematis crispa L. = Clematis tubulosa Turcz. Cactaceae Ranunculaceae X L. Cleistocactus variispinus F.Ritter Clematis cruttwellii H.Eichler Clematis jubata Bisch. Cactaceae ex W.T.Wang Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Cleistocactus viridiflorus Backbg. Clematis koreana Kom. Cactaceae Clematis cunninghamii Turcz. Ranunculaceae = Cleistocactus palhuayensis F.Ritter Ranunculaceae & Shahori Clematis dioscoreifolia Lev. & Van. Clematis lanuginosa Lindl. & Paxton Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Cleistocactus winteri D.R.Hunt = Clematis terniflora DC. Cactaceae Clematis lasiantha Nutt. See: Winterocereus aureispinus Clematis X durandii T.Durand Ranunculaceae (F.Ritter) Backeb. ex Kuntze Clematis X lawsoniana Moore & Jackm. Ranunculaceae Clematis afoliata Buchanan Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Clematis X Decne. Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. Ranunculaceae Clematis akebioides (Maxim.) H.J.Veitch Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Clematis fargesii Franch. ◆ Weed - 3 Ranunculaceae Clematis alpina (L.) Mill. Clematis macropetala Ledeb. Ranunculaceae Clematis fasciculiflora Franch. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Clematis apiifolia DC. Clematis marmoraria Sneddon Ranunculaceae Clematis flammula L. Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Clematis marmoraria Sneddon Clematis argentilucida (H.Lèv. & Vaniot) X Clematis terniflora DC. W.T.Wang Clematis florida Thunb. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed Clematis maximowicziana Franch. R.Br. ex Ker Gawl. & Sav. X Clematis gentianoides DC. Clematis foetida Raoul Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae = Clematis terniflora DC. ◆ Weed Clematis armandii Franch. Clematis forsteri J.F.Gmel. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Clematis montana Buch.-Ham. ex DC. ◆ Weed - 2 Clematis glauca Willd. Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 Clematis balearica L.C.Rich. Ranunculaceae ◆ Ranunculaceae Weed - 2 Clematis napaulensis DC. Ranunculaceae Clematis barbellata Edgew. Clematis gouriana Roxb. ex DC. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Clematis orientalis L. Ranunculaceae Clematis brachiata Thunb. Clematis grata Wall. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Clematis grewiiflora DC. Clematis paniculata Thunb. nom. illeg. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Clematis bracteata (Roxb.) Kurz = Clematis terniflora DC. Ranunculaceae Clematis heracleifolia DC. Ranunculaceae Clematis parviflora DC. Clematis buchananiana DC. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Clematis hexapetala Pall. Ranunculaceae Clematis X patens Morr. & Decne. ◆ Weed Ranunculaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 119 Clematis potaninii Maxim. Clematis virginiana L. Clermontia montis-loa Rock Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Campanulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Clematis recta L. Clerodendrum aculeatum (L.) Schltdl. Ranunculaceae Clematis vitalba L. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Clematis rehderiana Craib Clerodendrum buchananii (Roxb.) Walp. C Ranunculaceae Clematis viticella L. Lamiaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Clematis reticulata Walter ◆ Weed - 2 Ranunculaceae Clerodendrum bungei Steud. Clematis welwitschii Hiern ex Kuntze Lamiaceae Clematis scabiosaefolia DC. Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Ranunculaceae Clematopsis scabiosifolia (DC.) Hutch. Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabb. Clematis serratifolia Rehder Ranunculaceae Lamiaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 3 See: Clerodendrum fragrans Willd. Clematis songarica Bunge Clematopsis villosa (DC.) Hutch. nom. illeg., Clerodendrum Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae philippinum Schauer ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Clematis spooneri Rehder & E.H.Wilson aculeata L. Ranunculaceae Capparaceae Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp. Lamiaceae Clematis stanleyi Hook. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A ◆ Weed - 3 Ranunculaceae Cleome gynandra L. Clematis stans Sieb. & Zucc. Capparaceae Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz. Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Lamiaceae Clematis taiwaniana Hayata. Cleome hassleriana Chodat Clerodendrum fragrans Willd., Ranunculaceae Capparaceae nom. illeg. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Lamiaceae = Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Cleome integrifolia Torr. & Gray Clematis tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. Mabberley Capparaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 = Cleome serrulata Pursh ◆ Weed Clerodendrum glabrum E.Mey. Clematis X tangutica group Lamiaceae Cleome isomeris Greene Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Capparaceae See: Isomeris arborea Nutt. Clerodendrum grandiflorum Schau. Clematis tashiroi Maxim. Lamiaceae Cleome monophylla L. Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2A Capparaceae Clematis terniflora DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Clerodendrum griffithianum C.B.Clarke Ranunculaceae Lamiaceae See: Clematis dioscoreifolia Lev. Cleome rutidosperma DC. & Van., Clematis maximowicziana Capparaceae Clerodendrum hettae H.Hallier ◆ Franch. & Sav., Clematis paniculata Weed - N - 3A Lamiaceae Thunb. nom. illeg. Cleome serrulata Pursh Clerodendrum incisum Klotzsch ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Capparaceae Lamiaceae See: Cleome integrifolia Torr. & Gray Clematis texensis Buckley ◆ Weed - 3 Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Ranunculaceae Lamiaceae Cleome speciosa Raf. Clematis tibetana Kuntze. ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 Capparaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) ◆ Weed Weed - 1 Sweet Cleome spinosa Jacq. Clematis X triternata DC. Lamiaceae Capparaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - 2 = Clematis flammula L. X Clematis Clerodendrum kaempferi (Jacq.) Sieb. viticella L. Cleome uniglandulosa Cav. Lamiaceae Capparaceae Clematis uncinata Champ. ex Benth. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2A Ranunculaceae Clerodendrum kwangtungense Cleome viscosa L. Clematis X vedrariensis P.Vilm. Hand-Mazz. Capparaceae Ranunculaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3A - 4 - 5 Clematis villosa DC. Clerodendrum macrosiphon Hook. f. Cleretum papulosum (L. f.) N.E.Br. Ranunculaceae Lamiaceae Aizoaceae Clematis viorna L. See: Micropterum papulosum (L. f.) Clerodendrum macrostegium Schauer Ranunculaceae Schwantes Lamiaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - 1 - 2

120 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) Clerodendrum zambesianum Baker Clinostigma onchorhynchum Beccari Vatke Lamiaceae Arecaceae Lamiaceae Clethra acuminata Michx. Clinostigma ponapense (Becc.) ◆ Weed Clethraceae H.E.Moore & Fosberg Clerodendrum nutans Wall. ex D.Don Arecaceae Clethra alnifolia L. nom. illeg. Clethraceae Clinostigma samoense Wendl. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Arecaceae = Clerodendrum wallichii Merr. C Clethra arborea Aiton Clinostigma savoryana (Rehder & Wils.) Clerodendrum paniculatum L. Clethraceae Moore & Fosb. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Clethra barbinervis Sieb. & Zucc. Clinostigma savoryanum (Rehder & Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer Clethraceae E.H.Wilson) H.E.Moore & Fosberg Lamiaceae Arecaceae = Clerodendrum chinense (Osb.) Clethra delavayi Franch. Mabberley Clethraceae Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Liliaceae Clethra fargesii Franch. ◆ Weed - 2 Clerodendrum phlomoidis L. f. Clethraceae Lamiaceae Clitoria falcata Lam. Clethra gelida Standl. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Clethraceae See: Clitoria rubiginosa Juss. ex Pers. Clerodendrum quadriloculare (Blanco) Clethra monostachya Rehder ◆ Weed Merrill. & E.H.Wilson Lamiaceae Clitoria laurifolia Poir. Clethraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Clethra pringlei S.Watson ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Clerodendrum sahelangii Koord. Clethraceae ex Bakh. Clitoria rubiginosa Juss. ex Pers. Lamiaceae Clethra suaveolens Turcz. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Clethraceae = Clitoria falcata Lam. Clerodendrum schweinfurthii Gürke Lamiaceae Cleyera fortunei Hook. f. Clitoria ternatea L. Theaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Lamiaceae Cleyera japonica Thunb. ◆ Weed - 3 Theaceae Clivia caulescens R.A.Dyer ◆ Weed Liliaceae Clerodendrum speciosissimum Van Geert Clianthus puniceus (G.Don) Sol. Clivia X cyrtanthiflora (Van Houtte) Lamiaceae ex Lindl. H.P.Traub ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Clerodendrum X speciosum Dombrain Lamiaceae (L.) D.Don Clivia gardenii Hook. = Clerodendrum splendens Melastomataceae Liliaceae (Thunb.) G.Don X Clerodendrum ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 - 5 Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Regel thomsoniae Balf. Clidemia setosa (Triana) Gleason Liliaceae ◆ Weed Melastomataceae Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Regel X Clivia Clerodendrum splendens G.Don Cliffortia nitidula R.E.Fries & T.C.E.Fr. gardenii Hook. Lamiaceae Rosaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed Clinogyne oligantha K.Schum. Clivia nobilis Lindl. Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf. Marantaceae Liliaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Clinopodium arkansanum (Nutt.) House Clivia robusta B.G.Murray, Ran, de Lamiaceae Lange, Hammett, Truter & Swanev. Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb. See: Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Liliaceae Lamiaceae Shinners, Satureja arkansana ◆ Weed - 2 Cloezia buxifolia Brongn. & Griseb. (Nutt.) Briq. Myrtaceae Clerodendrum ugandense Prain Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze Lamiaceae Clowesia rosea Lindl. Lamiaceae Orchidaceae Clerodendrum vinosum Moldenke See: Satureja douglasii (Benth.) Briq. Lamiaceae Clusia major L. Clinopodium vulgare L. Clusiaceae Clerodendrum wallichii Merr. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Clusia rosea Jacq. See: Clerodendrum nutans Wall. Clusiaceae Clinostigma harlandii Becc. ex D.Don nom. illeg. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 121 Clusia torresii Standley McPherson Coccothrinax argentea (Lodd. ex Cocculus trilobus (Thunb.) DC. Clusiaceae Schult. & Schult. f.) Sarg. ex Becc. Menispermaceae Arecaceae = Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC. Clusiella elegans Pl. & Tr.Hampshire ◆ Weed & Whitefoord Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. Clusiaceae ex Mart.) Becc. Cochemiea pondii Walton Arecaceae Cactaceae Clutia pulchella L. See: Coccothrinax alta (O.F.Cook) = Mammillaria pondii Greene Euphorbiaceae C Becc. Cochemiea poselgeri Britton & Rose Clymenia polyandra (Tanaka) Swingle Coccothrinax borhidiana Muniz Cactaceae Rutaceae Arecaceae = Mammillaria poselgeri Hildman Clytostoma callistegioides (Cham.) Coccothrinax crinita (Griseb. Cochleanthes candida (Lindl.) Bureau & K.Schum. & H.Wendl. ex Kerch.) Becc. R.E.Schult. & Garay Bignoniaceae Arecaceae Orchidaceae Cneoridium dumosum (Nutt.) Baillon Coccothrinax cupularis (Leon) Borhidi Cochleanthes discolor (Lindl.) Rutaceae & Muniz R.E.Schult. & Garay Cneorum tricoccon L. Arecaceae Orchidaceae Cneoraceae Coccothrinax dussiana L.H.Bailey Cochlearia armoracia L. benedictus L. Arecaceae Brassicaceae Asteraceae = Armoracia rusticana (Lam.) Coccothrinax ekmanii Burret ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. Arecaceae Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson Cochlearia officinalis L. Coccothrinax fragrans Burret Apiaceae Brassicaceae Arecaceae See: Selinum monnieri L. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Coccothrinax hiorami Leon Cochlioda densiflora Lindl. Arecaceae Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) Orchidaceae I.M.Johnst. Coccothrinax inaguensis Read Cochlioda noezliana (Masters) Rolfe Euphorbiaceae Arecaceae Orchidaceae See: Jatropha aconitifolia Mill. Coccothrinax litoralis León ◆ Weed - 2 Cochliostema odoratissimum Lem. Arecaceae Commelinaceae Cobaea scandens Cav. Coccothrinax martii (Griseb. Polemoniaceae religiosum (L.) Alston & H.Wendl.) Becc. ◆ Weed - N - 1 Bixaceae Arecaceae grandis (L.) Voigt Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Coccothrinax miraguama (Kunth) Becc. Cucurbitaceae Spreng. Arecaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Bixaceae Coccothrinax proctorii R.W.Read ◆ Weed - 2 Coccoloba cowellii Britton Arecaceae Polygonaceae Cocos nucifera L. Coccothrinax readii Quero Arecaceae Coccoloba diversifolia Jacq. Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 5 Polygonaceae Coccothrinax salvatoris Leon Cocos plumosa Lodd. ex Hook. Coccoloba nivea Jacq. Arecaceae Arecaceae Polygonaceae = Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Coccothrinax spissa L.H.Bailey Coccoloba platyclada F.Müell. ex Hook. Glassman Arecaceae Polygonaceae Cocos weddelliana H.Wendl. Coccothrinax yuraguana (A.Rich.) Leon Coccoloba pubescens L. Arecaceae Arecaceae Polygonaceae Codariocalyx gyroides (Roxb. ex Link) ◆ Weed Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. Hassk. Menispermaceae Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Polygonaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Cocculus laurifolius DC. Codiaeum peltatum (Labill.) P.S.Green Menispermaceae Cocconerion minus Baill. Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed Euphorbiaceae Codiaeum pictum (Lodd.) Hook. Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC. Coccothrinax alta (O.F.Cook) Becc. Euphorbiaceae Menispermaceae Arecaceae See: Cocculus trilobus (Thunb.) DC. Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A.Juss. = Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. ◆ Weed Euphorbiaceae ex Mart.) Becc. ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 Cocculus thunbergii DC. Coccothrinax argentata (Jacq.) Menispermaceae Codonanthe gracilis (Mart.) Hanst. L.H.Bailey Gesneriaceae Arecaceae

122 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Codonopsis bulleyana Forrest ex Diels Coelogyne flaccida Lindl. Coelogyne zurowetzii Carrière Campanulaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Codonopsis cardiophylla Diels ex Kom. Coelogyne flexuosa Rolfe Coffea arabica L. Campanulaceae Orchidaceae Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Codonopsis clematidea (Schrenk) Coelogyne foerstermannii Rchb. f. C.B.Clarke Orchidaceae Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner Campanulaceae Rubiaceae Coelogyne fragrans Schltr. C Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz Orchidaceae Coffea liberica W.Bull ex Hiern Campanulaceae Rubiaceae Coelogyne fuliginosa Lodd. ex Hook. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Codonopsis lanceolata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Orchidaceae Trautv. Coffea stenophylla G.Don Coelogyne fuscescens Lindl. Campanulaceae Rubiaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Codonopsis meleagris Diels Coelogyne marmorata Rchb. f. Campanulaceae Coffea zanguebariae Lour. Orchidaceae Rubiaceae Codonopsis mollis Chipp Coelogyne massangeana Rchb. f. Campanulaceae Coix gigantea J.Konig ex Roxb. Orchidaceae Codonopsis ovata Benth. Poaceae ◆ Campanulaceae Coelogyne mayeriana Rchb. f. Weed Orchidaceae Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. Coix lacryma-jobi L. Campanulaceae Coelogyne mooreana Rolfe Poaceae ◆ ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. Coelogyne nervosa A.Rich. Coix lingulata Hack. Campanulaceae Orchidaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N Codonopsis ussuriensis (Rupr.) Hemsl. Coelogyne nitida (Wall. ex D.Don) Lindl. Campanulaceae Orchidaceae Cola acuminata (P.Beauv.) Schott & Endl. Sterculiaceae Coelogyne ochracea Lindl. Codonopsis vinciflora Kom. ◆ Weed Campanulaceae Orchidaceae Cola cauliflora Mast. Coelogyne ovalis Lindl. Codonopsis viridiflora Maxim. Sterculiaceae Campanulaceae Orchidaceae Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl. Coelogyne padangensis J.J.Sm. & Schltr. Codonopsis viridis Wall. Sterculiaceae Campanulaceae Orchidaceae Cola urceolata K.Schum. Coelogyne pandurata Lindl. Coelia macrostachya Lindl. Sterculiaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Colax jugosus Lindl. Coelogyne prasina Ridl. Coelogyne asperata Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Colchicum agrippinum Baker Coelogyne pustulosa Ridl. Coelogyne barbata Lindl. ex Griff. Liliaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae = Colchicum autumnale L. Coelogyne beccarii Rchb. f. Coelogyne rigida C.S.P.Parish & Rchb. f. X Colchicum variegatum L. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae [probable parents] ◆ Weed - 2 Coelogyne brachyptera Rchb. f. Coelogyne rochussenii de Vriese Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Colchicum alpinum DC. Liliaceae Coelogyne rossiana Rchb. f. Coelogyne cinnamomea Lindl. ◆ Weed - 2 Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Colchicum atropurpureum Stapf Coelogyne speciosa Lindl. Coelogyne corymbosa Lindl. ex Stearn Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Liliaceae Coelogyne tomentosa Lindl. Coelogyne cristata Lindl. Colchicum autumnale L. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Liliaceae Coelogyne dayana Rchb. f. Coelogyne trinervis Lindl. ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3 - 5 Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Colchicum baytopiorum C.D.Brickell Coelogyne edelfeldtii F.Müell. & Kraenzl. Coelogyne virescens Rolfe Liliaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Colchicum bivonae Guss. Coelogyne elata Lindl. Coelogyne viscosa Rchb. f. Liliaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Colchicum bornmuelleri Freyn Coelogyne fimbriata Lindl. Coelogyne xyrekes Ridl. Liliaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 123 Colchicum byzantinum Ker Gawl. Coleocephalocereus brevicylindricus Coleus spicatus Benth. Liliaceae (Buining) F.Ritter Lamiaceae = Colchicum autumnale L. X Cactaceae = Plectranthus caninus Roth Colchicum cilicicum (Boiss.) Dammer = Coleocephalocereus aureus F.Ritter ◆ Weed [probable parents from an ancient Coleocephalocereus diersianus P.Braun Colletia armata Miers hybridisation] & E.Esteves Pereira Rhamnaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae Colletia cruciata Gillies & Hook. C Colchicum cilicicum (Boiss.) Dammer Coleocephalocereus elongatus Rhamnaceae Liliaceae (Buining) P.J.Braun Colletia paradoxa (Spreng.) Escal. Colchicum corsicum Baker Cactaceae Rhamnaceae Liliaceae = Coleocephalocereus aureus F.Ritter ◆ Weed Colchicum cupanii Guss. Coleocephalocereus estevesii L.Diers Colletia spinosa Lam. Liliaceae Cactaceae Rhamnaceae Colchicum giganteum Stepf. Coleocephalocereus fluminensis Colliguaya odorifera Mol. Liliaceae (Miq.) Backeb. Euphorbiaceae Cactaceae Colchicum kotschyi Boiss. Collinsia heterophylla G.Buist Liliaceae Coleocephalocereus goebelianus ex Graham (Vaupel) Buining Colchicum laetum Stev. Scrophulariaceae Cactaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Coleocephalocereus purpureus Collinsonia canadensis L. (Buining & Brederoo) F.Ritter Colchicum latifolium Sibth. & Sm. Lamiaceae Cactaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Coleochloa setifera (Ridley) Gilly Colchicum lingulatum Boiss. & Spruner Collomia biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Brand Cyperaceae Liliaceae Polemoniaceae album (Thunb.) Bartling ◆ Weed Colchicum longifolium Castag. & H.L.Wendl. Liliaceae Collomia grandiflora Douglas ex Lindl. Rutaceae = Colchicum neapolitanum (Ten.) Ten. Polemoniaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3A Colchicum luteum Baker Coleonema pulchellum I.Williams Liliaceae Collospermum hastatum (Colenso) Rutaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Skottsb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Liliaceae Colchicum micranthum Boiss. Coleonema pulchrum Hook. Liliaceae Colobanthus kerguelensis Hook. f. Rutaceae Caryophyllaceae Colchicum neapolitanum (Ten.) Ten. ◆ Weed Liliaceae Colobanthus muscoides Hook. f. Coleostephus multicaulis (Desf.) Durieu Caryophyllaceae Colchicum psaridis Heldr. ex Halacsy Asteraceae Liliaceae Colocasia affinis Schott Coleus amboinicus Lour. Araceae Colchicum ritchii R.Br. Lamiaceae Liliaceae = Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott ◆ Weed Spreng. Araceae ◆ Weed See: Caladium esculentum (L.) Vent. Colchicum speciosum Steven ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Liliaceae Coleus blumei Benth. Lamiaceae Colocasia fallax Schott Colchicum variegatum L. = Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Araceae Liliaceae Codd [the most important parent of ◆ Weed Colocasia gigantea (Blume) Hook. f. a group of complex hybrid cultivars] Araceae Coleocephalocereus aureus F.Ritter Coleus hybridus Voss ◆ Weed Cactaceae Lamiaceae See: Buiningia aurea (Ritt.) Buxb, Colocasia indica (Lour.) Kunth = Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Buiningia brevicylindrica Buining, Araceae Codd [the most important parent of Coleocephalocereus brevicylindricus = Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don a group of complex hybrid cultivars] (Buining) F.Ritter, Coleocephalocereus Colophospermum mopane (Kirk elongatus (Buining) P.J.Braun Coleus penzigii Baker ex Benth.) Kirk ex J.Leonard ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Coleocephalocereus braunii L.Diers Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 & E.Esteves Pereira Lamiaceae Colpothrinax cookii Read Cactaceae = Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Arecaceae Codd ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 Colquhounia coccinea Wall. Lamiaceae

124 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Columnea arguta C.V.Morton Colvillea racemosa Bojer paniculatum Vent. Gesneriaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Combretaceae ◆ Weed - N Columnea X banksii Lynch Colysis pteropus (Blume) Bosman Gesneriaceae Polypodiaceae Combretum roxburghii Spreng. Combretaceae Columnea consanguinea Hanst. Comarostaphylis lucida Small Gesneriaceae Ericaceae Commelina africana L. Commelinaceae Columnea crassifolia Brongn. ex Lem. Comarum palustre L. C ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Gesneriaceae Rosaceae See: Potentilla palustris (L.) Scop. Commelina benghalensis L. Columnea flaccida Seem. ◆ Weed Commelinaceae Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Combesia muscosa (L.) P.V.Heath Columnea Sprague Crassulaceae Commelina coelestis Willd. Gesneriaceae See: Crassula anguina Harv. Commelinaceae Columnea hirta Klotzsch & Hanst. = Commelina tuberosa L. Combretum alfredii Hance Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Combretaceae Columnea lepidocaula Hanst. Commelina dianthifolia Delile. Combretum apiculatum Sond. Gesneriaceae Commelinaceae Combretaceae Columnea microphylla Klotzsch & ◆ Weed Commelina elegans Kunth Hanst. ex Oerst. Commelinaceae Combretum bracteosum (Hochst.) Gesneriaceae = Commelina erecta L. Brandis ◆ Weed Columnea nicaraguensis Oerst. Combretaceae Gesneriaceae Commelina erecta L. Combretum caffrum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Commelinaceae Columnea picta H.Karst. Kuntze See: Commelina elegans Kunth, Gesneriaceae Combretaceae Commelina gerrardii C.B.Clarke Columnea purpurata Hanst. Combretum coccineum (Sonn.) Lam. ◆ Weed - 3 Gesneriaceae Combretaceae Commelina gerrardii C.B.Clarke Columnea querceti Oerst. Combretum comosum G.Don Commelinaceae Gesneriaceae Combretaceae = Commelina erecta L. ◆ Weed Columnea sanguinea (Pers.) Hanst. Combretum constrictum (Benth.) Gesneriaceae M.A.Lawson Commelina tuberosa L. Combretaceae Commelinaceae Columnea scandens L. See: Commelina coelestis Willd. Gesneriaceae Combretum decandrum Jacq. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 See: Columnea tulae Urban Combretaceae Commiphora gileadensis (L.) C.Chr. Columnea schiedeana Schltdl. Combretum erythrophyllum Burseraceae Gesneriaceae (Burch.) Sond. Combretaceae Commiphora guidottii Chiov. Columnea tulae Urban ex Guidotti Gesneriaceae Combretum farinosum Kunth Burseraceae = Columnea scandens L. var. tulae Combretaceae (Urban) Wiehler Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. Combretum fruticosum (Loefl.) Stuntz Burseraceae Columnea X vedrariensis Mottet Combretaceae Gesneriaceae Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari Combretum grandiflorum G.Don Burseraceae Colutea arborescens L. Combretaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Comptonia peregrina (L.) J.M.Coult. Combretum hereroense Schinz ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Myricaceae Combretaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Colutea istria Mill. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Conanthera bifolia Ruiz & Pav. Combretum kraussii Hochst. ◆ Weed Liliaceae Combretaceae Colutea X media Willd. Conanthera campanulata (D.Don) Lindl. Combretum loeflingii Eichler Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae Combretaceae Colutea melanocalyx Boiss. & Heldr. Conanthera echeandia Pers. Combretum microphyllum Klotzsch Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae Combretaceae Colutea orientalis Mill. Conanthera johowii Espinosa Combretum molle R.Br. ex G.Don Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae Combretaceae ◆ Weed Conanthera simsii Sweet Combretum mossambicense Engl. Colutea persica Boiss. Liliaceae Combretaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 125 Condalia microphylla Cav. Conophytum hirtum Schwantes Consolea spinosissima (Mill.) Lem. Rhamnaceae Aizoaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed = Opuntia spinosissima Mill. Conophytum koubergense L.Bolus Congea griffithiana Munir Aizoaceae Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur Verbenaceae Ranunculaceae Conophytum loeschianum Tischer See: Consolida ambigua auct., Congea tomentosa Roxb. Aizoaceae Delphinium ajacis L. Verbenaceae C Conophytum meyerae Schwantes ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed Aizoaceae Consolida ambigua auct. Congea velutina Wight Conophytum misellum N.E.Br. Ranunculaceae Verbenaceae Aizoaceae = Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2A - 3 Conophytum mundum N.E.Br. Conicosia bijlii N.E.Br. Aizoaceae Consolida orientalis (J.Gay) Schrodinger Aizoaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - N Conophytum muscosipapillatum Lavis ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Aizoaceae Conicosia communis N.E.Br. Consolida regalis Gray Aizoaceae Conophytum obmetale N.E.Br. Ranunculaceae Aizoaceae Conicosia elongata (Haw.) N.E.Br. See: Delphinium consolida L. Aizoaceae Conophytum orbicum N.E.Br. ex Tisch. ◆ Weed - 3 Aizoaceae Conicosia pugioniformis (L.) N.E.Br. Convallaria majalis L. Aizoaceae Conophytum ovigerum Schwant. Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Coniogramme fraxinea (G.Don) Diels Conophytum purpusii N.E.Br. Convolvulus abruptus (R.Br.) Spreng. Pteridaceae Aizoaceae Convolvulaceae Coniogramme intermedia Hieron. Conophytum ricardianum Losch Convolvulus althaeoides L. Pteridaceae & Tisch. Convolvulaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 Coniogramme japonica (Thunb.) Diels Pteridaceae Conophytum rolfii de Boer Convolvulus arvensis L. Aizoaceae Convolvulaceae Conium maculatum L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Apiaceae Conophytum saxetanum (N.E.Br.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 N.E.Br. Convolvulus canariensis L. Aizoaceae Convolvulaceae Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. Asteraceae Conophytum signatum N.E.Br. Convolvulus cantabrica L. See: Eupatorium coelestinum L. Aizoaceae Convolvulaceae ◆ Weed See: Convolvulus cantabricus L. Conophytum stephanii Schwant. Conophytum advenum N.E.Br. Aizoaceae Convolvulus cantabricus L. Aizoaceae Convolvulaceae Conophytum stipitatum L.Bolus = Convolvulus cantabrica L. Conophytum angustum N.E.Br. Aizoaceae ◆ Weed Aizoaceae Conophytum turbiniforme Rawe Convolvulus chilensis Pers. Conophytum brevitubum Lavis Aizoaceae Convolvulaceae Aizoaceae Conophytum uviforme N.E.Br. Convolvulus cneorum L. Conophytum burgeri L.Bolus Aizoaceae Convolvulaceae Aizoaceae Conophytum vagum N.E.Br. ◆ Weed Conophytum calculus (A.Berger) N.E.Br. Aizoaceae Convolvulus erubescens Sims Aizoaceae Conophytum velutinum Schwantes Convolvulaceae Conophytum ficiforme N.E.Br. Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A Aizoaceae Conophytum viridicatum (N.E.Br.) Convolvulus floridus L. f. Conophytum frutescens Schwantes N.E.Br. Convolvulaceae Aizoaceae Aizoaceae Convolvulus glomeratus Choisy Conophytum giftbergense Tischer Conostegia xalapensis (Bonpl.) D.Don. Convolvulaceae Aizoaceae Melastomataceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Conophytum glabrum Tisch. Convolvulus lopezsocasi Svent. Aizoaceae Conradina verticillata Jennison Convolvulaceae Lamiaceae Conophytum gratum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. Convolvulus maritimus Desr. Aizoaceae Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. Convolvulaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5

126 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Convolvulus mauritanicus Boiss. Cooperia pedunculata Herb. Copiapoa cinerea (Phil.) Britton & Rose Convolvulaceae Liliaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed See: drummondii See: Copiapoa gigantea Backeb., D.Don Copiapoa haseltoniana Bckbg. Convolvulus plebeius (R.Br.) Spreng. Convolvulaceae Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. Copiapoa cinerescens Britton & Rose Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Cactaceae Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy Convolvulaceae Copernicia alba Morong ex Morong Copiapoa coquimbana (Karw. ex C ◆ Weed & Britton Rümpler) F.Ritter Arecaceae Cactaceae Convolvulus sabatius Viv. Convolvulaceae Copernicia baileyana Leon Copiapoa dealbata (Ritter) ◆ Weed - 2 Arecaceae A.Hoffmann Cactaceae Convolvulus scammonia L. Copernicia berteroana Becc. = Copiapoa malletiana (Lem.) Convolvulaceae Arecaceae Backeb. Convolvulus scoparius L. f. Copernicia brittonorum Leon Copiapoa dura F.Ritter Convolvulaceae Arecaceae Cactaceae Convolvulus tricolor L. Copernicia burretiana León = Copiapoa echinoides Britton Convolvulaceae Arecaceae & Rose ◆ Weed - 2A - 3A Copernicia curtissii Becc. Copiapoa echinoides Britton & Rose Convolvulus velutinus (R.Br.) Spreng. Arecaceae Cactaceae See: Copiapoa dura F.Ritter Convolvulaceae Copernicia ekmanii Burret Copiapoa fiedleriana (K.Schum.) Conyza aegyptiaca (L.) Aiton Arecaceae Backeb. Asteraceae Copernicia fallaensis León Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Arecaceae See: Copiapoa tortoralensis F.Ritter Conyza albida Willd. ex Spreng. Copernicia gigas Ekman Copiapoa gigantea Backeb. Asteraceae Arecaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 = Copiapoa cinerea (Phil.) Britton Copernicia glabrescens H.Wendl. Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist & Rose ex Becc. Asteraceae Arecaceae Copiapoa haseltoniana Bckbg. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Cactaceae Copernicia hospita Mart. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist = Copiapoa cinerea (Phil.) Britton Arecaceae Asteraceae & Rose ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Copernicia macroglossa H.Wendl. Copiapoa humilis (Phil.) Hutchison ex Becc. Conyza chilensis Spreng. Cactaceae Arecaceae Asteraceae Copiapoa hypogaea F.Ritter = Conyza primulifolia (Lam.) Cuatrec. Copernicia prunifera (Mill.) H.E.Moore Cactaceae & Lourteig Arecaceae See: Copiapoa barquitensis Ritter ◆ Weed - 3 Copernicia rigida Britton & Wilson nom. inval. Conyza leucantha (D.Don) Ludlow Arecaceae Copiapoa krainziana F.Ritter ex Backeb. & P.H.Raven Copernicia X shaferi Dahlgr. & Glassman Cactaceae Asteraceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Copiapoa laui L.Diers Copernicia tectorum (Kunth) Mart. Cactaceae Conyza parva Cronq. Arecaceae Asteraceae Copiapoa longistaminea F.Ritter ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Copernicia yarey Burret Cactaceae Arecaceae Conyza primulifolia (Lam.) Cuatrec. Copiapoa malletiana (Lem.) Backeb. Cactaceae & Lourteig Copiapoa barquitensis Ritter nom. inval. See: Copiapoa dealbata Asteraceae Cactaceae See: Conyza chilensis Spreng. = Copiapoa hypogaea F.Ritter Copiapoa marginata (Salm-Dyck) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Britton & Rose Copiapoa brunnescens Backeb. Cactaceae Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker Cactaceae Asteraceae = Copiapoa megarhiza Britton Copiapoa megarhiza Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 & Rose Cactaceae See: Copiapoa brunnescens Backeb. Cooperia drummondii Herb. Copiapoa calderana F.Ritter Liliaceae Cactaceae Copiapoa mollicula F.Ritter See: Zephyranthes brazosensis Cactaceae Copiapoa cinerascens Britton & Rose (Herb.) Traub, Zephyranthes = Copiapoa montana F.Ritter Cactaceae chlorosolen D.Dietr.

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 127 Copiapoa montana F.Ritter Coprosma propinqua A.Cunn. Cordia africana Lam. Cactaceae Rubiaceae Boraginaceae See: Copiapoa mollicula F.Ritter ◆ Weed Coprosma pseudocuneata W.R.B.Oliv. Copiapoa rupestris F.Ritter Rubiaceae Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken Cactaceae Boraginaceae Coprosma repens A.Rich. ◆ Weed - 1 Copiapoa serpentisulcata F.Ritter Rubiaceae C Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5A Cordia boissieri A.DC. Boraginaceae Copiapoa solaris (F.Ritter) F.Ritter Coprosma rhamnoides A.Cunn. ◆ Weed Cactaceae Rubiaceae Cordia decandra Hook. & Arn. Copiapoa tenuissima F.Ritter Coprosma rigida Cheeseman Boraginaceae Cactaceae Rubiaceae Cordia dichotoma G.Forst. Copiapoa tortoralensis F.Ritter Coprosma robusta Raoul Boraginaceae Cactaceae Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 = Copiapoa fiedleriana (K.Schum.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Backeb. Coprosma rotundifolia Cunn. Cordia dodecandra DC. Boraginaceae Coprosma acerosa A.Cunn. Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Coprosma rugosa Cheeseman Cordia ecalyculata Vell. Boraginaceae Coprosma areolata Cheesem. Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Coprosma spathulata A.Cunn. Cordia myxa L. Boraginaceae Coprosma astoni Petrie Rubiaceae ◆ Weed Rubiaceae Coprosma tenuicaulis Hook. f. Cordia obliqua Willd. Coprosma australis (A.Rich.) Robins. Rubiaceae Boraginaceae Rubiaceae Coprosma tenuifolia Cheeseman ◆ Weed - 2 Coprosma baueri Endl. Rubiaceae Cordia ovalis R.Br. ex A.DC. Rubiaceae Coprosma virescens Petrie. Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - N Rubiaceae Cordia sebestena L. Coprosma billardierei (A.Rich.) Hook. f. Coprosma waima A.P.Druce Boraginaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Coprosma brunnea Cockayne Coptis chinensis Franch. Cordia sinensis Lam. Rubiaceae Ranunculaceae Boraginaceae Coprosma crassifolia Colenso Coptis laciniata A.Gray ◆ Weed - N Rubiaceae Ranunculaceae Cordia subcordata Lam. Coprosma X cunninghamii Hook. f. Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. Boraginaceae Rubiaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 ◆ Weed Coprosma divergens W.R.B.Oliv. Cordia superba Cham. Rubiaceae Corallocarpus boehmii (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey Boraginaceae Cucurbitaceae Coprosma foetidissima J.R. & G.Forst. Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arráb. Rubiaceae Corallospartium crassicaule (Hook. f.) ex Steud. Armstrong Boraginaceae Coprosma grandifolia Hook. f. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Rubiaceae australis (G.Forst.) Endl. Corchorus acutangulus Lam. Agavaceae Coprosma kauensis A.Heller Tiliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Rubiaceae = Corchorus aestuans L. Cordyline banksii Hook. f. Coprosma X kirkii Cheesem. ◆ Weed Agavaceae Rubiaceae Corchorus aestuans L. Cordyline baueri Hook. f. Coprosma linariifolia Hooker f. Tiliaceae Agavaceae Rubiaceae See: Corchorus acutangulus Lam. ◆ Weed - N - 3A Cordyline dracaenoides Kunth Coprosma lucida J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Agavaceae Rubiaceae Corchorus olitorius L. ◆ Weed Tiliaceae (L.) A.Chev. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Agavaceae Coprosma macrocarpa Cheeseman Corchorus trilocularis L. ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 Rubiaceae Tiliaceae Cordyline haageana K.Koch Coprosma parviflora Hook. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Agavaceae Rubiaceae Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl. Cordyline indivisa (G.Forst.) Steud. Coprosma petriei Cheeseman Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Agavaceae Rubiaceae

128 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Cordyline pumilio Hook. f. Coriaria ruscifolia L. Cornus florida L. Agavaceae Coriariaceae Cornaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Corema album (L.) D.Don Empetraceae Coriaria sarmentosa Forst. f. Cornus glabrata Benth. ◆ Weed Coriariaceae Cornaceae auriculata L. Coriaria sinica Maxim. Cornus hemsleyi Schneid. & Wangerin Asteraceae Coriariaceae Cornaceae C ◆ Weed - 2 Coriaria terminalis Hemsl. Cornus iberica G.Woron. Coreopsis basalis (A.Dietr.) S.F.Blake Coriariaceae Cornaceae Asteraceae Cornukaempferia aurantiflora J.Mood Cornus kousa Hance ◆ Weed - 5 & K.Larsen Cornaceae Coreopsis delphinifolia Lam. Zingiberaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Asteraceae Cornus alba L. Cornus kousa Hance X Cornus florida L. Coreopsis gigantea (Kellogg) H.M.Hall Cornaceae Cornaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Cornus macrophylla Wall. ◆ Weed - 5 Cornus alternifolia L. f. Cornaceae Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet Cornaceae ◆ Cornus mas L. Asteraceae Weed - 2 Cornaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 Cornus amomum Mill. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 L. Cornaceae ◆ Cornus meyeri (Pojark.) Pilip. Asteraceae Weed - 1 Cornaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A Cornus angustata (Chun) T.R.Dudley Cornus nuttallii Audubon Coreopsis maritima (Nutt.) Hook. f. Cornaceae Cornaceae Asteraceae Cornus asperifolia Michx. ◆ Weed Cornaceae Coreopsis nuecensis A.Heller Cornus nuttallii Audubon X Cornus Asteraceae Cornus australis C.A.Mey. florida L. ◆ Weed - 2 Cornaceae Cornaceae Coreopsis palmata Nutt. Cornus baileyi Coult. & Evans Cornus obliqua Raf. Asteraceae Cornaceae Cornaceae = Cornus sericea L. Coreopsis pubescens Elliott See: Cornus purpusii Koehne Asteraceae Cornus bretschneideri L.Henry ◆ Weed - 1 Cornaceae Coreopsis rosea Nutt. Cornus occidentalis (Torr. & A.Gray) Asteraceae Cornus californica C.A.Mey. Coville Cornaceae Cornaceae Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. = Cornus sericea L. ssp. occidentalis = Cornus sericea L. ssp. occidentalis Asteraceae (Torr. & A.Gray) Fosb. (Torr. & A.Gray) Fosb. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Cornus canadensis L. Cornus officinalis Sieb. & Zucc. Coreopsis tripteris L. Cornaceae Cornaceae Asteraceae See: Chamaepericlymenum Cornus paucinervis Hance Coreopsis verticillata L. canadense (L.) Asch. & Graebn. Cornaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Wall. ex Roxb. Cornus poliophylla C.K.Schneid. & Wangerin Coriandrum sativum L. Cornaceae Cornaceae Apiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3 - 5 Cornus citrina Lavallee Cornus pubescens Nutt. Cornaceae Coriaria angustissima Hook. f. Cornaceae Coriariaceae Cornus controversa Hemsl. Cornus pumila Koehne Cornaceae Coriaria arborea Linds. Cornaceae Coriariaceae See: Bothrocaryum controversum Cornus purpusii Koehne (Hemsl.) Pojark., Swida controversa Cornaceae Coriaria japonica A.Gray (Hemsl.) Soják = Cornus obliqua Raf. Coriariaceae Cornus coreana Wangerin Cornus racemosa Lam. Coriaria myrtifolia L. Cornaceae Cornaceae Coriariaceae Cornus darvasica (Pojark.) Pilip. ◆ Weed - 1 Coriaria nepalensis Wall. Cornaceae Cornus rugosa Lam. Coriariaceae Cornus drummondii C.A.Mey. Cornaceae ◆ Weed Cornaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 1

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 129 Cornus sanguinea L. Coronopus squamatus (Forssk.) Asch. Cortusa matthioli L. Cornaceae Brassicaceae Primulaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 See: Lepidium squamatum Forssk. Corydalis ambigua Cham. & Schltdl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4 - 5 Cornus sericea L. Papaveraceae Cornaceae L. Corydalis aurea Willd. See: Cornus baileyi Coult. & Evans, Papaveraceae Cornus californica C.A.Mey., Cornus ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 C occidentalis (Torr. & A.Gray) Coville, Corryocactus apiciflorus (Vaupel) Cornus stolonifera Michx. Corydalis bulbosa (L.) DC. Hutchison ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Papaveraceae Cactaceae = Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. Cornus sessilis Torr. Corryocactus aureus (Meyen) Hutchison ◆ Weed Cornaceae Cactaceae Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Korte Cornus stolonifera Michx. Corryocactus brachypetalus (Vaupel) Papaveraceae Cornaceae Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - 2 = Cornus sericea L. Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Corydalis cheilanthifolia Hemsl. Corryocactus brevistylus (K.Schum.) Papaveraceae Cornus walteri Wangerin Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - 2 Cornaceae Cactaceae Corydalis edulis Maxim. Cornutia grandifolia (Schltdl. Corryocactus erectus (Backeb.) F.Ritter Papaveraceae & Cham.) Schauer Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Lamiaceae Corryocactus melanotrichus (K.Schum.) Corydalis elata Bureau & Franch. Corokia buddleioides A.Cunn. Britton & Rose Papaveraceae Cornaceae Cactaceae Corydalis elata Bureau X Corydalis Corokia buddleioides A.Cunn. X Corryocactus puquiensis Rauh flexuosa Franch. & Franch. Corokia cotoneaster Raoul Backeb. Papaveraceae Cornaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed Corydalis flexuosa Franch. Corryocactus quadrangularis (Rauh Papaveraceae Corokia cheesemanii Carse & Backeb.) F.Ritter Cornaceae Corydalis incisa (Thunb.) Pers. Cactaceae Papaveraceae Corokia cotoneaster Raoul Corryocactus squarrosus (Vaupel) ◆ Weed Cornaceae Hutchison ◆ Weed Corydalis lutea (L.) DC. Cactaceae Papaveraceae Corokia macrocarpa T.Kirk Corryocactus tenuiculus (Rauh = Pseudofumaria lutea (L.) Borkh. Cornaceae ◆ & Backeb.) Hutchison Weed - 2 - 5 Coronilla emerus L. Cactaceae Corydalis nobilis (L.) Pers. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Erdisia tenuicula Rauh Papaveraceae & Backeb. ◆ Coronilla juncea L. Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae argentea (Nees) Stapf Corydalis ochroleuca W.D.J.Koch Poaceae Coronilla montana Jacq. nom. illeg. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae (Lemoine) Stapf Papaveraceae Poaceae = Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Liden Coronilla vaginalis Lam. ◆ ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N Cortaderia richardii (Endl.) Zotov Corydalis ophiocarpa Hook. f. Poaceae & Thompson Coronilla valentina L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 4A - 5 Papaveraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 (Schult. & Schult. f.) Corydalis pallida (Thunb.) Pers. Asch. & Graebn. Coronilla varia L. Papaveraceae Poaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5A = Securigera varia (L.) Lassen Corydalis pumila (Host) Rchb. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2A - 3A - 5 Cortaderia splendens Connor Papaveraceae Poaceae Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. ◆ Weed - 1 Corydalis sempervirens (L.) Pers. Brassicaceae Papaveraceae = Lepidium didymum L. Cortaderia toetoe Zotov = Capnoides sempervirens (L.) Borkh. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Coronopus integrifolius (DC.) Sprengel Cortia wallichiana (DC.) Leute Corydalis smithiana Fedde Brassicaceae Apiaceae Papaveraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A

130 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. Corylus sieboldiana Blume Coryphantha bumamma (Ehrenb.) Papaveraceae Betulaceae Britton & Rose See: Corydalis bulbosa (L.) DC. Cactaceae calophylla (Lindl.) K.D.Hill ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 & L.A.S.Johnson Coryphantha calipensis Bravo Corydalis tomentella Franch. Myrtaceae Cactaceae Papaveraceae See: calophylla Lindl. Coryphantha calochlora Boed. ◆ Weed - Nn Corydalis vaginans Royle. Cactaceae C Papaveraceae (Hook.) K.D.Hill Coryphantha chlorantha (Engelm.) & L.A.S.Johnson Corylopsis glabrescens Franch. & Sav. Britton & Rose Myrtaceae Hamamelidaceae Cactaceae See: Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. = Escobaria deserti (Engelm. Corylopsis gotoana Makino ◆ Weed - Nn ex S.Wats) Buxb. Hamamelidaceae (F.Müell.) K.D.Hill Coryphantha clava Lem. Corylopsis hypoglauca W.C.Cheng & L.A.S.Johnson Cactaceae Hamamelidaceae Myrtaceae See: Eucalyptus ficifolia F.Müell. Coryphantha clavata (Schum.) Backbg. Corylopsis pauciflora Sieb. & Zucc. ◆ Weed - Nn Cactaceae Hamamelidaceae Corymbia gummifera (Gaertn.) K.D.Hill Coryphantha compacta Brown & R. Corylopsis platypetala Rehder & Wils. & L.A.S.Johnson Cactaceae Hamamelidaceae Myrtaceae Coryphantha cornifera (DC.) Lem. Corylopsis sinensis Hemsl. See: Eucalyptus gummifera Cactaceae Hamamelidaceae (Gaertn.) Hochr. See: Corylopsis willmottiae Rehder ◆ Weed - Nn Coryphantha delaetiana A.Berger & E.H.Wilson Cactaceae (Hook.) K.D.Hill See: Coryphantha gladiispina Corylopsis spicata Sieb. & Zucc. & L.A.S.Johnson (Boed.) A.Berger Hamamelidaceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed See: Eucalyptus maculata Hook. Coryphantha durangensis Britton ◆ Weed - Nn & Rose Corylopsis veitchiana Bean Cactaceae Hamamelidaceae Corynabutilon X suntense (C.D.Brickell) Fryxell Coryphantha elephantidens (Lem.) Lem. Corylopsis willmottiae Rehder Malvaceae Cactaceae & E.H.Wilson Hamamelidaceae Corynabutilon vitifolium (Cav.) Kearney Coryphantha erecta (Lem.) Lem. = Corylopsis sinensis Hemsl. Malvaceae Cactaceae Corylus americana Marshall canescens (L.) P.Beauv. Coryphantha gladiispina (Boed.) Betulaceae Poaceae A.Berger ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 Cactaceae = Coryphantha delaetiana A.Berger Corylus avellana L. laevigatus J.R.Forst. Betulaceae & G.Forst. Coryphantha glanduligera (Otto ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Corynocarpaceae & A.Dietr.) Lem ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Cactaceae Corylus californica (A.DC.) Rose Betulaceae Corynopuntia clavata (Engelm.) Knuth Coryphantha guerkeana Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - 3 Cactaceae Cactaceae = Opuntia clavata Engelm. See: Coryphantha palmeri B. & R. Corylus chinensis Franch. Betulaceae Corynostylis hybanthus (L.) Mart. Coryphantha hesteri Y. Wright Cactaceae Corylus colurna L. = Escobaria hesteri (Y.Wright) Betulaceae elata Roxb. Buxbaum ◆ Weed - 2 Arecaceae Coryphantha longicornis Boed. Corylus cornuta Marshall Corypha umbraculifera Jacq. Cactaceae Betulaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Coryphantha macromeris (Engelm.) Lem. Coryphantha andreae (Purpus & Boed.) Cactaceae Corylus ferox Wall. A.Berger Betulaceae Cactaceae Coryphantha maiz-tablasensis Fritz = Coryphantha pycnacantha Schwarz Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ex Trautv. (Mart.) Lem. Cactaceae Betulaceae ◆ Weed Coryphantha borwigii (J.A.Purpus) Coryphantha octacantha Britton & Rose A.Berger Cactaceae Corylus maxima Mill. Cactaceae Betulaceae Coryphantha odorata Boed. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Cactaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 131 Coryphantha ottonis Lem. Cosmos diversifolius Otto ex Knowles spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe Cactaceae & Westc. Asteraceae Coryphantha pallida Britton & Rose Costus woodsonii Maas. ◆ Weed Cactaceae Costaceae Cav. ◆ Weed Coryphantha palmeri B. & R. Asteraceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Cotinus coggygria Scop. C = Coryphantha guerkeana Britton Anacardiaceae & Rose Costus afer Ker Gawl. ◆ Weed - 2 Costaceae Coryphantha poselgeriana Britton Cotinus obovatus Raf. & Rose Costus barbatus Suesseng. Anacardiaceae Cactaceae Costaceae Cotinus obovatus Raf. X Cotinus Coryphantha potosiana (Jac.) Glass Costus bicolor J.Braun & K.Schum. coggygria Scop. & R.A.Foster ex Rowley Costaceae Anacardiaceae Cactaceae Costus comosus (Jacq.) Rosc.Folsom Cotoneaster acuminatus Lindl. Coryphantha pulleineana (Backeb.) Costaceae Rosaceae Glass ◆ Costus cuspidatus (Nees & Mart.) Maas. Weed - 2 Cactaceae Costaceae Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz. Coryphantha pycnacantha (Mart.) Lem. Costus deistelii K.Schum. Rosaceae Cactaceae ◆ Costaceae Weed See: Coryphantha andreae (Purpus & Boed.) A.Berger Costus erythrocoryne K.Schum. Cotoneaster adpressus Bois Costaceae Rosaceae Coryphantha radians (DC.) Brown & R. ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae Costus guanaiense Rusby Costaceae Cotoneaster affinis Lindl. Coryphantha recurvata (Engelm.) Rosaceae Britton & Rose Costus igneus Blume ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae Costaceae Cotoneaster amoenus E.H.Wilson Coryphantha salm-dyckiana Britton Costus lucanusianus J.Braun Rosaceae & Rose ex.K.Schum. ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae Costaceae Cotoneaster apiculatus Rehder Coryphantha scheeri (Muehlenpf.) Costus malortieanus H.Wendl. & E.H.Wilson L.Benson Costaceae Rosaceae Cactaceae ◆ Costus marlotieanus Standl. Weed - 2 Coryphantha scolymoides A.Berger & L.O.Williams Cotoneaster ascendens Flinck Cactaceae Costaceae & B.Hylmo Coryphantha sulcolanata Lem. Costus megalobractea K.Schum. Rosaceae ◆ Cactaceae Costaceae Weed - 2 Coryphantha villarensis Backeberg Costus pictus D.Don Cotoneaster atropurpureus Flinck Cactaceae Costaceae & Hylmo Rosaceae Coryphantha vivipara (Nutt.) Britton Costus productus Gleason ex Maas ◆ Weed - 2 & Rose Costaceae Cactaceae Cotoneaster bacillaris Wall. ex Lindl. = Escobaria vivipara (Nutt.) F.Buxb. Costus pulverulentus C.Presl Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Costaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Coryphantha werdermannii Boed. Cotoneaster bullatus Bois Cactaceae Costus ruber Wright ex Griseb. Rosaceae Costaceae ◆ Cosmidium burridgeanum Regel Weed - 1 - 2 Asteraceae Costus sericeus Blume Cotoneaster buxifolius Wall. ex Lindl. Costaceae Cosmos atrosanguineus (Hook.) Voss Rosaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Asteraceae Weed - 2 Costus speciosus (J.Konig) Sm. Cav. Cotoneaster cochleata (Franch.) G.Klotz Asteraceae Costaceae Rosaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Cotoneaster congestus Baker Kunth Costus spectabilis (Fenzl.) K.Schum. Rosaceae Asteraceae Costaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw. Cotoneaster conspicuus (Messel ) Chitt. Costaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2

132 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Cotoneaster cooperi C.Marquand Cotoneaster hupehensis Rehder Cotoneaster prostratus Baker Rosaceae & E.H.Wilson Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Cotoneaster coriaceus Franch. Cotoneaster racemiflorus (Desf.) Rosaceae Cotoneaster insignis Pojark. J.R.Booth ex Bosse Rosaceae Rosaceae Cotoneaster dammeri C.K.Schneid. See: Cotoneaster lindleyi auct. Rosaceae Cotoneaster radicans (C.K.Schneid.) C ◆ Weed - 2 Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik. Klotz Rosaceae Rosaceae Cotoneaster denticulatus H.B.K. Rosaceae Cotoneaster integrifolius (Roxb.) Klotz Cotoneaster reticulatus Rehder Rosaceae & E.H.Wilson Cotoneaster dielsianus E.Pritz. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Cotoneaster khasiensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster roseus Edgew. Rosaceae Rosaceae Cotoneaster distichus Lange Rosaceae Cotoneaster kitaibelii Klot Cotoneaster rotundifolius Wall. Rosaceae ex Lindl. Cotoneaster divaricatus Rehder Rosaceae & E.H.Wilson Cotoneaster lacteus W.W.Sm. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Cotoneaster rubens W.W.Sm. Rosaceae Cotoneaster foveolatus Rehder Cotoneaster lindleyi auct. & E.H.Wilson Rosaceae Cotoneaster rugosus E.Pritz. Rosaceae = Cotoneaster insignis Pojark. Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl. Cotoneaster salicifolius Franch. Cotoneaster franchetii Bois Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 Cotoneaster ludlowii G.Klotz Cotoneaster serotinus Hutch. Cotoneaster frigidus Wall. ex Lindl. Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Cotoneaster melanocarpus G.Lodd. ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae Cotoneaster silvestrii Pamp. Cotoneaster glabratus Rehder ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae & E.H.Wilson ◆ Weed - 2 Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. ex Lindl. Rosaceae Rosaceae Cotoneaster simonsii Baker Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Franch. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A Cotoneaster moupinensis Franch. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A Rosaceae Cotoneaster splendens Flinck Cotoneaster harrovianus E.H.Wilson ◆ Weed - 2 & B.Hylmo Rosaceae Rosaceae Cotoneaster multiflorus Bunge ◆ Weed - 2 Cotoneaster harrysmithii Flinck Rosaceae & B.Hylmo ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Cotoneaster tenuipes Rehder Rosaceae & E.H.Wilson Cotoneaster nanchuanicus Regel Rosaceae Cotoneaster hebephyllus Diels Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Rosaceae Cotoneaster nebrodensis (Guss.) K.Koch Cotoneaster thymifolia Baker Cotoneaster henryanus (C.K.Schneid.) Rosaceae Rosaceae Rehder & E.H.Wilson See: Cotoneaster tomentosus Lindl. Rosaceae nom. illeg. Cotoneaster tomentosus Lindl., ◆ Weed - 2 nom. illeg. Cotoneaster nitens Rehder & E.H.Wilson Rosaceae Cotoneaster hissaricus Pojark. Rosaceae = Cotoneaster nebrodensis (Guss.) Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 K.Koch ◆ Weed - 2 Cotoneaster nitidus Jacq. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. Rosaceae Cotoneaster turbinatus Craib Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Cotoneaster obtusus Wall. ex Lindl. ◆ Weed Cotoneaster humifusus Duthie Rosaceae Cotoneaster wardii W.W.Sm. ex J.H.Veitch ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae Rosaceae Cotoneaster pannosus Franch. ◆ Weed Cotoneaster humilis Dunn Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 133 Cotoneaster X watereri Exell Cotyledon gracilis Harv. Crambe tataria Sebeok Rosaceae Crassulaceae Brassicaceae = Cotoneaster frigidus Wallich. ◆ Weed Cotyledon grandiflora Burm. f. ex Lindl. X Cotoneaster salicifolius Crassulaceae Craspedia incana Cockayne & Allan Franch. X Cotoneaster rugosus Asteraceae E.Pritz. ex Diels Cotyledon ladysmithiensis Poelln. ◆ Weed - N - 2 Crassulaceae Craspedia lanata (Hook. f.) Allan Asteraceae C Cotoneaster zabelii C.K.Schneid. Cotyledon luteosquamata Poelln. Rosaceae Crassulaceae Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) ◆ Weed - 2 S.Moore Cotyledon macrantha A.Berger Asteraceae (Sieber ex Spreng.) Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Hook. f. ◆ Weed - 5 Asteraceae Crassula alba Forsk. Cotyledon orbiculata L. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 3A - 4A - 5 Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Cotula barbata DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Crassula albiflora Sims Asteraceae Crassulaceae Cotyledon paniculata L. f. Cotula bipinnata Thunb. Crassulaceae Crassula alstonii Marloth Asteraceae Crassulaceae Cotyledon papillaris L. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Crassulaceae Crassula anguina Harv. Cotula cinerea Delile Crassulaceae Cotyledon paraguayensis N.E.Br. Asteraceae = Combesia muscosa (L.) P.V.Heath Crassulaceae ◆ Weed var. anguina (Harv.) P.V.Heath = Graptopetalum paraguayense L. (N.E.Br.) E.Walther Crassula anomala Schönland & Baker f. Asteraceae Crassulaceae Cotyledon sinus-alexandri Poelln. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Crassulaceae Crassula aquatica (L.) Schönl. Cotula duckittiae (L.Bolus) K.Bremer Crassulaceae Cotyledon teretifolia Thunb. & Humphries ◆ Weed Crassulaceae Asteraceae Crassula arborescens (Mill.) Willd. Cotyledon tomentosa Harv. Cotula pectinata Hook. f. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Asteraceae Crassula argentea Thunb. Cotyledon undulata Haw. Cotula perpusilla Hook. f. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Asteraceae = Crassula ovata (Mill.) Druce Couroupita guianensis Aubl. ◆ Weed Cotula plumosa Hook. f. Lecythidaceae Asteraceae Crassula argyrophylla Diels ◆ Weed - 5 Crassulaceae Cotula pyrethrifolia Hook. f. Cowania mexicana D.Don Asteraceae Crassula arta Schoenl. Rosaceae Crassulaceae Cotula rotundata (Cheeseman) = Purshia mexicana (D.Don) D.G.Lloyd S.L.Welsh Crassula atropurpurea (Haw.) D.Dietr. Asteraceae Crassulaceae Crabbea reticulata C.B.Clarke Cotula scariosa Franch. Acanthaceae Crassula barbata L. f. Asteraceae Crassulaceae Craibiodendron yunnanense W.W.Sm. ◆ Weed Ericaceae Crassula barklyi N.E.Br. Cotula sericea L. f. Crassulaceae Crambe abyssinica Hochst. ex R.E.Fr. Asteraceae Brassicaceae Crassula biplanata Haw. Cotula turbinata L. ◆ Weed - N Crassulaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N Crambe cordifolia Steven See: Cenia turbinata (L.) Pers. Brassicaceae Crassula brevifolia Harv. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A ◆ Weed - 2 Crassulaceae Cotyledon barbeyi Schweinf. & Penz. Crambe hispanica L. Crassula capitella L. Crassulaceae Brassicaceae Crassulaceae Cotyledon buchholziana Schuldt ◆ Weed - N - 3 Crassula ciliata L. & Stephan Crambe maritima L. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Cotyledon deasii Schönland ◆ Weed - 2 Crassula coccinea L. Crassulaceae Crambe scaberrima Webb ex Crassulaceae Cotyledon gibbiflora (Moc. & Sessé Bramwell ◆ Weed ex DC.) Baker Brassicaceae Crassula conjuncta N.E.Br. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae

134 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Crassula cornuta Schönland & Baker f. Crassula macowaniana Schönland Crassula pyramidalis Thunb. Crassulaceae & Baker f. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassula corymbulosa Link Crassula quadrangularis Schoenl. Crassulaceae Crassula mesembryanthemoides Crassulaceae D.Dietr. Crassula deceptor Schönland & Baker f. Crassula rattrayi Diels ex Schönland Crassulaceae Crassulaceae & Baker f. See: Crassula deceptrix Schönland Crassula mesembryanthemopsis Dinter Crassulaceae C & Baker f. Crassulaceae Crassula rogersii Schönland Crassula deceptrix Schönland & Baker f. Crassula montana L. f. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassula rosularis Haw. = Crassula deceptor Schönland Crassula moschata J.R.Forst. Crassulaceae & Baker f. Crassulaceae Crassula rubicunda E.Mey. Crassula dejecta Jacq. Crassula multicava Lemaire Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Crassula rubricaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Crassulaceae Crassula deltoidea L. f. Crassula multiflora Schönland & Baker f. ◆ Weed - N Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassula rupestris L. f. Crassula ericoides Haw. Crassula muscosa L. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Crassula sarcocaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. ◆ Weed - 1 Crassulaceae Crassula ernesti Schönland & Baker f. Crassula namaquensis Schönland = Creusa sarcocaulis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Crassulaceae & Baker f. P.V.Heath Crassula falcata J.C.Wendl. Crassulaceae Crassula sarmentosa Harv. Crassulaceae Crassula natans Thunb. Crassulaceae Crassula falcata J.C.Wendl. X Crassula Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 1 mesembryanthemopsis Dinter. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Crassula schmidtii Regel Crassulaceae Crassula nealeana Higgins Crassulaceae Crassula glomerata P.Bergius Crassulaceae Crassula schoenlandii Jacobsen Crassulaceae Crassula nudicaulis L. Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Crassulaceae Crassula socialis Schönland Crassula gollum nom. illeg. Crassula obliqua Soland. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae = Crassula portulacea Lam. f. Crassula spathulata Thunb. monstrosa Crassula ovata (Mill.) Druce Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Crassula granvikii Mildbr. See: Crassula argentea Thunb. Crassulaceae Crassula spectabilis Schönland ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Crassulaceae Crassula grisea Schönland Crassula pellucida L. Crassulaceae Crassula subaphylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne ◆ Weed Crassulaceae Crassula susannae Rauh & Friedrick Crassula perfoliata L. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2 - 4 - 5 Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassula hemisphaerica Thunb. Crassula swaziensis Schonl. Crassula perforata Thunb. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassula hirtipes Harv. Crassula tecta Linn. f. Crassula phyturus Mildbr. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassula hystrix Schönland Crassula teres Marloth Crassula picturata Boom Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassula lactea Sol. Crassula tetragona L. Crassula plegmatoides Friedrich Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Crassula lanuginosa Harv. Crassula portulacea Lam. Crassulaceae Crassula thunbergiana Schultes Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassula littlewoodii Friedrich See: Crassula gollum nom. illeg. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Crassulaceae Crassula pruinosa L. Crassula tillaea Lest.-Garl. Crassula lycopodioides Lam. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassula pseudolycopodioides Dinter ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 5 & Schinz Crassula tomentosa L. f. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 135 Crassula vaginata Eckl. & Zeyh. Crataegus douglasii Lindl. Crataegus mollis (Torr. & A.Gray) Crassulaceae Rosaceae Scheele ◆ Weed Rosaceae Crataegomespilus grandiflora See: Crataegus arkansana Sarg., (Sm.) Bean Crataegus durobrivensis Sarg. Crataegus arnoldiana Sarg. Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 5 = Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. Crataegus aestivalis (Walter) Torr. Crataegus monogyna Jacq. & A.Gray Crataegus X durobrivensis Sarg. C Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 = Crataegus pruinosa (H.L.Wendl.) Crataegus arkansana Sarg. K.Koch X Crataegus suborbiculata Rosaceae Crataegus nigra Waldst. & Kit. Sarg. = Crataegus mollis (Torr. & A.Gray) Rosaceae ◆ Scheele Crataegus ellwangeriana Sarg. Weed Rosaceae Crataegus arnoldiana Sarg. Crataegus nitida (Engelm. ex Britton = Crataegus pedicellata Sarg. Rosaceae & A.Br.) Sarg. = Crataegus mollis (Torr. & A.Gray) Crataegus emersoniana Sarg. Rosaceae Scheele Rosaceae Crataegus orientalis Pall. ex M.Bieb. Crataegus atrosanguinea Pojark. Crataegus flabellata (Bosc ex Spach) Rosaceae ◆ Rosaceae K.Koch Weed - 2 Rosaceae Crataegus azarolus L. Crataegus oxyacantha L. ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A Crataegus gracilior J.B.Phipps = Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand. ◆ Rosaceae Weed Crataegus berberifolia Torr. & A.Gray Rosaceae Crataegus X grignonensis Mouill. Crataegus pedicellata Sarg. Rosaceae Rosaceae Crataegus brachyacantha Sarg. See: Crataegus ellwangeriana Sarg. & Engelm. Crataegus holmesiana Ashe ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. & Kit. Crataegus brainerdi Sargent ex Willd. Rosaceae Crataegus hupehensis Sarg. Rosaceae Rosaceae Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik. Crataegus persimilis Sarg. Rosaceae Crataegus intricata Lange Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae See: Crataegus prunifolia Pers. ◆ Weed - 2 Crataegus canbyi Sarg. nom. illeg. Rosaceae Crataegus jonesiae Sarg. ◆ Weed - 2 = Crataegus crus-galli L. Rosaceae Crataegus phaenopyrum (L. f.) Medik. See: Crataegus laurentiana Sarg. Crataegus carrierei Vauvel ex Carrière Rosaceae Rosaceae Crataegus laciniata Ucria See: Crataegus cordata Ait. Rosaceae ◆ Weed Crataegus chlorosarca Maxim. ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC. Rosaceae Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Rosaceae Rosaceae Crataegus pruinosa (H.L.Wendl.) K.Koch ◆ Weed - 2A - 4A ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae Crataegus laevigata (Poiret) DC. ◆ Weed - 2 Crataegus coccinea L. X Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Rosaceae Crataegus prunifolia Pers. nom. illeg. Rosaceae Rosaceae Crataegus coccinioides Ashe ◆ Weed = Crataegus persimilis Sarg. Rosaceae Crataegus laurentiana Sarg. ◆ Weed - 2 Crataegus X prunifolia (Poir.) Pers. Rosaceae Rosaceae Crataegus cordata Ait. = Crataegus jonesiae Sarg. ◆ Weed Rosaceae Crataegus X lavallei Herincq ex Lavallee = Crataegus phaenopyrum (L. f.) Crataegus pubescens Steud. Rosaceae Medik. Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Crataegus crus-galli L. Crataegus punctata Jacq. Crataegus layii Lavallee Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae See: Crataegus canbyi Sarg., ◆ Weed - 2 Crataegus stipulacea hort. Crataegus marshallii Eggl. Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed Crataegus cuneata Sieb. & Zucc. See: Crataegus oxyacantha L. Rosaceae Crataegus mexicana DC. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 5 Rosaceae

136 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Crataegus saligna Greene Cremanthodium rhodocephalum Diels Crescentia mirabilis Ekman ex Urb. Rosaceae Asteraceae Bignoniaceae ◆ Weed Crepidium acuminatum (D.Don) Szlach. Creusa sarcocaulis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Crataegus sanguinea Pall. Orchidaceae P.V.Heath Rosaceae Crassulaceae Crepidium bilobum (Lindl.) Szlach. ◆ Weed - 2 See: Crassula sarcocaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. Orchidaceae Crataegus scabrifolia (Franch.) Rehder Crinodendron hookerianum Gay Crepidium fimbriatum (Lavarack) Szlach. C Rosaceae Elaeocarpaceae Orchidaceae Crataegus sinaica Boiss. Crinodendron patagua Molina Crepidium lawleri (Lavarack & B.Gray) Rosaceae Elaeocarpaceae Szlach. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A Orchidaceae Crinum amabile Donn Crataegus smithii Sarg. Amaryllidaceae Crepidium marsupichilum (Upton) Rosaceae Szlach. Crinum americanum L. Crataegus spathulata Michx. Orchidaceae Amaryllidaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 4 Crepidium xanthochilum (Schltr.) Crataegus stipulacea hort. Szlach. Crinum asiaticum L. Rosaceae Orchidaceae Amaryllidaceae = Crataegus crus-galli L. See: Crinum japonicum (Baker) Crepis aurea (L.) Cass. Hannibal Crataegus submollis Sarg. Asteraceae ◆ Weed Rosaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Crinum bracteatum Willd. Crepis barbata L. Amaryllidaceae Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. Asteraceae Crinum brisbanicum Bailey Rosaceae = Tolpis barbata (L.) Gaertn. Amaryllidaceae See: Crataegus durobrivensis Sarg. ◆ Weed Crinum bulbispermum (Burm. f.) Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex Link Crepis bullosa Tausch. Milne-Redh. & Schweick. Rosaceae Asteraceae Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Crataegus tanacetifolia (Poir.) Pers. Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. Crinum bulbispermum (Burm. f.) Rosaceae Asteraceae Milne-Redh. & Schweick. X Crinum ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 moorei Hook. f. Crataegus uniflora Munchh. Crepis commutata (Sprengel) Greuter Amaryllidaceae Rosaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Crepis dioscoridis L. Crinum buphanoides Welw. ex Baker Crataegus viridis L. Asteraceae Amaryllidaceae ◆ Rosaceae Weed - N Crinum calamistratum Bogner ◆ Weed - 2 L. & H.Heine Crataegus wilsonii Sarg. Asteraceae Amaryllidaceae ◆ Rosaceae Weed - N - 1A - 3 Crinum campanulatum Herb. X Crataemespilus grandiflora (Sm.) Crepis incana Sibth. & Sm. Amaryllidaceae E.G.Camus Asteraceae Crinum capense Herb. Rosaceae Crepis neglecta L. Amaryllidaceae = Mespilus germanica L. X Crataegus Asteraceae laevigata (Poir.) DC. (fertile hybrid) Crinum cruentum Ker Gawl. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Amaryllidaceae Crepis pusilla (Sommier) Merxm. Crataeva gynandra Linn. Crinum delagoense Verdoom Asteraceae Capparaceae Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - N Crataeva nurvala Buch.-Ham. Crinum graminicola I.Verd. Crepis rubra L. Capparaceae Amaryllidaceae Asteraceae Craterostigma nanum Engl. ◆ Weed Crinum jagus (J.Thomps.) Dandy Scrophulariaceae Amaryllidaceae Crepis setosa Haller f. See: Torenia nana Bonati See: Crinum rattrayii hort. Asteraceae Crateva adansonii DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Crinum japonicum (Baker) Hannibal Capparaceae Amaryllidaceae Crepis vesicaria L. ◆ Weed - N = Crinum asiaticum L. var. Asteraceae japonicum Baker Crateva palmeri Rose ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Capparaceae Crinum johnstonii Baker Crescentia cujete L. Amaryllidaceae Crawfurdia angustata C.B.Clarke Bignoniaceae Gentianaceae ◆ Weed - N

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 137 Crinum laurentii Dur. & de Wild. aurea (Pappe ex Hook.) Crocus boryi J.Gay Amaryllidaceae Planch. X Crocosmia pottsii Iridaceae (MacNab ex Baker) N.E.Br. Crinum lineare L. f. Crocus cambessedesii Gay Iridaceae Amaryllidaceae Iridaceae = Crocosmia X crocosmiiflora Crinum lugardiae N.E.Br. (Lemoine) N.E.Br. Crocus cancellatus Herb.. Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Iridaceae C Crinum macowanii Baker Crocosmia X crocosmiiflora (Lemoine) Crocus carpetanus Boiss. & Reut. Amaryllidaceae N.E.Br. Iridaceae Iridaceae Crinum macrantherum Engl. Crocus cartwrightianus Herb. See: Crocosmia aurea (Pappe ex Amaryllidaceae Iridaceae Hook.) Planch. X Crocosmia pottsii Crinum mauritianum Lodd. (MacNab ex Baker) N.E.Br. Crocus caspius Fischer & C.Meyer Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5A Iridaceae Crinum moorei Hook. f. Crocosmia latifolia N.E.Br. Crocus chrysanthus Herb. Amaryllidaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - 2 Crocosmia masoniorum (L.Bolus) Crinum X powellii Baker N.E.Br. Crocus corsicus Vanucci Amaryllidaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae = Crinum bulbispermum (Burm. f.) ◆ Weed - 2 Milne-Redh. & Schweick. X Crinum Crocus dalmaticus Visiani moorei Hook. f. Crocosmia paniculata (Klatt) Goldblatt Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Crocus etruscus Parl. ◆ Weed - 2 Crinum pratense Herb. Iridaceae Amaryllidaceae Crocosmia pottsii (MacNab ex Baker) Crocus flavus Weston N.E.Br. Crinum rattrayii hort. Iridaceae Iridaceae See: Crocus luteus Lam. Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 = Crinum jagus (J.Thomps.) Dandy ◆ Weed - 2 ‘Rattrayii’ Crocus adamii Gay Crocus gilanicus B.Mathew Iridaceae Crinum vanillodorum Welw. ex Baker Iridaceae Amaryllidaceae Crocus albiflorus Kitaibel ex Schultes Crocus goulimyi Turrill Iridaceae Crinum variabile Herb. Iridaceae Amaryllidaceae Crocus aleppicus Baker Crocus hadriaticus Herb. Iridaceae Crinum xanthophyllum Hannibal Iridaceae Amaryllidaceae Crocus ancyrensis (Herb.) Maw Crocus heuffelianus Herb. Iridaceae Crinum yemense Deflers Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Crocus angustifolius Weston Crinum zeylanicum L. Crocus imperati Ten. Iridaceae Amaryllidaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Critesion marinum (Huds.) Á.Löve Crocus angustifolius Weston X Crocus Crocus karduchorum Kotschy ex Maw Poaceae flavus Weston Iridaceae Iridaceae = marinum Huds. Crocus korolkowii Regel ex Maw ◆ ◆ Weed - 2 Weed - 1A Iridaceae Critesion murinum (L.) Á.Löve Crocus asturicus Herb. Iridaceae Crocus kosaninii Pulevic Poaceae Iridaceae = L. Crocus balansae J.Gay ex Maw ◆ Crocus kotschyanus K.Koch Weed - 1A Iridaceae Iridaceae Critesion secalinum (Schreb.) Á.Löve Crocus banaticus Gay ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae Iridaceae Crocus laevigatus Bory & Chaub. = Schreb. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 1A Iridaceae Crocus biflorus Mill. Crocus longiflorus Raf. Crithmum maritimum L. Iridaceae Iridaceae Apiaceae See: Crocus pestalozzae Boiss. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Crocosmia aurea (Pappe ex Hook.) Crocus luteus Lam. Crocus biflorus Mill. X Crocus Planch. Iridaceae chrysanthus Herb. Iridaceae = Crocus flavus Weston Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Crocus malyi Vis. Iridaceae

138 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Crocus medius Balb. Crocus vallicola Herb. Crotalaria goetzei Harms Iridaceae Iridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Crotalaria rotundicarinata Crocus minimus DC. Crocus veluchensis Herb. Baker. f. Iridaceae Iridaceae Crotalaria goreensis Guill. & Perr. Crocus napolitanus Mord. Crocus vernus (L.) Hill Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A ◆ Weed Weed - 2 C Crotalaria grahamiana Wight & Arn. Crocus nevadensis Amo & Campo Crocus versicolor Ker Gawl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - 2 Weed - N Crocus niveus Bowles Crotalaria incana L. Iridaceae Crocus zonatus J.Gay Iridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Crocus nudiflorus Smith ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 4A Iridaceae Crossandra guineensis Nees Crotalaria intermedia Kotschy ◆ Weed - 2 Acanthaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Crocus ochroleucus Boiss. & Gaill. Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees = Crotalaria brevidens Benth. var. Iridaceae Acanthaceae intermedia (Kotschy) Polhill ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 ◆ Weed Crocus olivieri J.Gay Iridaceae Crossandra nilotica Oliv. Crotalaria juncea L. Acanthaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Crocus pallasii Goldblatt ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Iridaceae Crossandra pungens Lindau Acanthaceae Crotalaria laburnifolia L. Crocus pestalozzae Boiss. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Iridaceae Crossandra subacaulis C.B.Clarke ◆ Weed - N = Crocus biflorus Mill Acanthaceae Crotalaria lanata Bedd. Crocus pulchellus Herb. Crossandra undulifolia Salisb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Iridaceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - 2 Crossosoma bigelovii S.Watson Crotalaria lanceolata E.Mey. Crocus reticulatus M.Bieb. Crossosomataceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Iridaceae Crossyne flava (W.F.Barker ex Snijman) ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 Crocus robertianus C.D.Brickell D.Müller-Doblies & U.Müller-Doblies Crotalaria lunata Bedd. ex Polhill Iridaceae Amaryllidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Crossyne guttata (L.) D.Müller-Doblies Crocus rujanensis Randjel. & D.A.Hill ◆ Weed - N - 1A Iridaceae & U.Müller-Doblies Amaryllidaceae Crotalaria meyeriana Steud. Crocus salzmannii J. Gay See: Boophone guttata (L.) Herb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Iridaceae Crotalaria micans Link = Crocus serotinus Salisb. ssp. Crotalaria agatiflora Schweinf. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae salzmannii Salisb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 5 Crocus sativus L. Crotalaria mucronata Desv. Iridaceae Crotalaria alata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N = Crotalaria pallida Aiton var. Crocus serotinus Salisb. obovata Ait. (G.Don) Polhill Crotalaria beddomeana Thoth. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 See: Crocus salzmannii J. Gay & A.A.Ansari Crotalaria mysorensis Roth ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Crotalaria brevidens Benth. Crocus sieberi J.Gay ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Iridaceae See: Crotalaria intermedia Kotschy Crotalaria ochroleuca G.Don ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Crocus speciosus M.Bieb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Crotalaria brownei Bertero ex DC. Iridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Crotalaria orixensis Rottler ex Willd. ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Crotalaria capensis Jacq. Crocus thomasii Ten. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Crotalaria pallida Aiton Iridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Crotalaria cleomifolia Welw. ex Baker Crocus tommasinianus Herb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Crotalaria mucronata Desv. Iridaceae ◆ ◆ Weed Weed - N - 3A - 4 ◆ Weed - 2 Crotalaria distans Benth. Crotalaria prostrata Rottler ex Willd. Crocus tournefortii Gay Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - N - 3

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 139 Crotalaria pumila Ortega Croton setiger Hook. Cryptanthus praetextus E.Morr. ex Baker Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Euphorbiaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 = Croton setigerus Hook. Cryptanthus pseudopetiolatus Philcox ◆ Weed Crotalaria retusa L. Bromeliaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Croton setigerus Hook. Cryptanthus sinuosus L.B.Smith ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3 - 5 Euphorbiaceae Bromeliaceae See: Eremocarpus setigerus (Hook.) Crotalaria rotundicarinata Baker. f. C Benth., Eremocarpus setiger (Hook.) Cryptanthus ubairensis I.Ramírez Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Benth., Croton setiger Hook. Bromeliaceae = Crotalaria goetzei Harms ◆ Weed - N Cryptanthus zonatus (Vis.) Beer Crotalaria semperflorens Vent. Croton sylvaticus (Krauss) Hochst. Bromeliaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - N alba (Molina) Looser Croton tiglium L. Lauraceae Crotalaria senegalensis (Pers.) Bacle Euphorbiaceae ex DC. Cryptocarya chinensis (Hance) Hemsl. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lauraceae ◆ Weed - N Crucianella stylosa Trin. Cryptocarya densiflora Blume Rubiaceae Crotalaria sericea Retz. nom. illeg. Lauraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Crupina vulgaris Cass. Cryptocarya elliptica Schltr. = Crotalaria spectabilis Roth Asteraceae Lauraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Crotalaria spectabilis Roth Cryptocarya melanocarpa B.Hyland Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cryosophila guagara P.H.Allen Lauraceae See: Crotalaria sericea Retz., Arecaceae Cryptocarya peumus (Molina) Nees nom. illeg. Cryosophila stauracantha (Heynh.) Lauraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A R.Evans Cryptocarya sclerophylla B.Hyland Crotalaria trichotoma Bojer Arecaceae Lauraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cryosophila warscewiczii (H.Wendl.) ◆ Weed Cryptocarya scortechinii gamb. Bartlett Lauraceae Crotalaria trifoliastrum Willd. Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cryptocarya woodii Engl. Cryosophila williamsii P.H.Allen Lauraceae Crotalaria virgulata Klotzsch Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cryptocarya wyliei Stapf schoenoides (L.) Lam. ◆ Weed - 1 Lauraceae Poaceae Crotalaria zanzibarica Benth. ◆ Weed - N - 3 Cryptocentrum standleyi Ames Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Orchidaceae Cryptanthus acaulis (Lindl.) Beer ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Bromeliaceae Cryptocereus anthonyanus Alexander Croton bonplandianus Baill. Cactaceae Cryptanthus arelii H.Luther Euphorbiaceae = anthonyanus Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 (Alexander) D.R.Hunt Cryptanthus bahianus L.B.Smith Croton capitatus Michx. Cryptochilus sanguinea Wall. Bromeliaceae Euphorbiaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Cryptanthus beuckeri E.Morr. Cryptocoryne affinis N.E.Br. Bromeliaceae Croton ciliato-glanduliferus Ortega Araceae Euphorbiaceae Cryptanthus bivittatus (Hook.) Regel Cryptocoryne albida Griff ◆ Weed Bromeliaceae Araceae Croton euryphyllus W.W.Sm. Cryptanthus bromelioides Otto & Dietr. Cryptocoryne aponogetifolia Merr. Euphorbiaceae Bromeliaceae Araceae Croton glandulosus L. Cryptanthus exaltatus H.Luther Cryptocoryne balansae Gagnep. Euphorbiaceae Bromeliaceae Araceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Cryptanthus fosterianus L.B.Smith Cryptocoryne beckettii Thwaites Croton gratissimus Burch. Bromeliaceae ex Trimen Euphorbiaceae Cryptanthus glaziovii Mez Araceae ◆ Croton sagraeanus Müll.Arg. Bromeliaceae Weed - 1 Euphorbiaceae Cryptanthus grazielae H.Luther Cryptocoryne ciliata (Roxb.) Fisch. Croton sebiferum L. Bromeliaceae ex Schott Euphorbiaceae Araceae Cryptanthus makoyanus Baker ◆ = Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Weed Bromeliaceae Cryptocoryne cordata Griff. Cryptanthus maritimus L.B.Smith Araceae Bromeliaceae

140 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Cryptocoryne crispatula Engl. Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer myriocarpus Naudin Araceae Asclepiadaceae Cucurbitaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Cryptocoryne lingua Becc. ex Engl. Araceae Cryptostephanus haemanthoides Pax. Cucumis pepo (L.) Dumort. Liliaceae Cucurbitaceae Cryptocoryne longicauda Becc. ex Engl. = L. Araceae Cryptostephanus vansonii Verdoom Liliaceae Cucumis sativus L. Cryptocoryne lucens de Wit C Cucurbitaceae Araceae Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Cryptocoryne lutea Alston Apiaceae ◆ Araceae Weed - 1 - 2 Cucumis trigonus Roxb. Cucurbitaceae Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk. Cryptocoryne moehlmannii de Wit = Cucumis melo L. Apiaceae Araceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Cryptocoryne nurii Furt Cucumis zeyheri Sond. Crysophila warscewiczii (H.Wendl.) Araceae Cucurbitaceae Bartlett ◆ Weed - N Cryptocoryne parva de Wit Arecaceae Araceae Cucurbita argyrosperma C.Huber Ctenanthe compressa (A.Dietr.) Eichler Cucurbitaceae Cryptocoryne petchii Alston Marantaceae Araceae Cucurbita ficifolia (Bouche) Britton Ctenanthe kummeriana Eichl. Cucurbitaceae Cryptocoryne pontederifolia Schott Marantaceae Araceae ◆ Weed - 2 Ctenanthe lubbersiana (E.Morr.) Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth Cryptocoryne retrospiralis (Roxb.) Eichler ex Petersen Cucurbitaceae Kunth Marantaceae Araceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Ctenanthe oppenheimiana (E.Morr.) Cryptocoryne tonkinensis Gagnep. Duchesne K.Schum. Araceae Cucurbitaceae Marantaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3A Cryptocoryne undulata Wendt Ctenanthe setosa Eichler Araceae Cucurbita moschata Duchesne Marantaceae Cucurbitaceae Cryptocoryne walkeri Schott ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Araceae Ctenitis eatonii (Baker) Ching Cucurbita pepo L. Cryptocoryne wendtii de Wit Dryopteridaceae Cucurbitaceae Araceae Ctenitis hirta (Sw.) Ching ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A ◆ Weed - 2 Dryopteridaceae Cudrania tricuspidata (Carrière) Cryptocoryne X willisii (Reitz) Ctenitis lanuginosa (Willd. ex Kaulf.) Bureau ex Lavallee Araceae Copel. Moraceae = Cryptocoryne parva de Wit X Dryopteridaceae ◆ Weed Cryptocoryne beckettii Thwaites ex Trimen X Cryptocoryne walkeri Ctenitis sloanei (Poepp. ex Spreng.) Culcasia falcifolia Engl. Schott C.V.Morton Araceae Dryopteridaceae Cryptogramma crispa (L.) R.Br. Culcasia liberica N.E.Br. ex Hook. Ctenitis subglandulosa (Hance) Ching Araceae Pteridaceae Dryopteridaceae ◆ Weed Culcasia panduriformis Engl. L. & K.Krause Cryptolepis sinensis (Lour.) Merr. Cucurbitaceae Araceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Culcasia seretii De Wild. Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibr. ex Otto Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. ex Spach Araceae & A.Dietr. Cucurbitaceae Cuminum cyminum L. Taxodiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 5 Apiaceae Cryptomeria japonica (L. f.) D.Don Cucumis ficifolius A.Rich. ◆ Weed Taxodiaceae Cucurbitaceae ◆ Cumulopuntia rossiana (Heinrich Weed - N - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - 3 & Backeberg) F.Ritter Cryptopus elatus (Thouars) Lindl. Cucumis melo L. Cactaceae Orchidaceae Cucurbitaceae Cunila origanoides (L.) Britton R.Br. See: Cucumis trigonus Roxb. Lamiaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex Naudin Cucurbitaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 141 Cunninghamia cupressoides (D.Don) Cuphea llavea Lex. Cupressus glabra Sudw. Sieb. & Zucc. Lythraceae Cupressaceae Taxodiaceae = Cupressus arizonica Greene Cuphea micropetala Kunth ◆ Weed Cunninghamia konishii Hayata Lythraceae Taxodiaceae ◆ Weed Cupressus goveniana Gordon Cupressaceae Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Cuphea platycentra Lem. nom. illeg. See: Cupressus pygmaea Hook. Lythraceae C (Lemm.) Sarg. Taxodiaceae = Cuphea ignea A.DC. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 Cuphea procumbens Cav. Cupressus guadalupensis S.Watson Cunonia capensis L. Lythraceae Cupressaceae Cunoniaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Cupressus lambertiana Carrière Weed Cuphea X purpurea Lem. Cupressaceae Cunonia macrophylla Brongn. & Griseb. Lythraceae Cunoniaceae = Cuphea llavea Lex. X Cuphea Cupressus leylandii A.B.Jacks. & Dallim. procumbens Cav. Cupressaceae Cunonia purpurea Brongn. & Griseb. ◆ Weed - 2 Cunoniaceae Cupressus lusitanica Mill. Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. Cupressaceae Cupania americana L. Lythraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Sapindaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Cupressus macnabiana A.Murray Cupania vernalis A.St.-Hil. X Cupressocyparis leylandii (A.B.Jacks. Cupressaceae Sapindaceae & Dallim.) Dallim. Cupressaceae Hartw. anacardioides (A.Rich.) = Cupressus macrocarpa Hartweg ex Gordon Radlk. ex Gordon X Chamaecyparis Cupressaceae Sapindaceae nootkatensis (Lambert) Spach ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Cupressus montana Wiggins Cupaniopsis curvidentata (F.M.Bailey) Cupressus abramsiana C.B.Wolf Cupressaceae Radlk. Cupressaceae Sapindaceae Cupressus nevadensis Abrams Cupressus arizonica Greene Cupressaceae Cuphea aequipetala Cav. Cupressaceae = Cupressus arizonica Greene Lythraceae See: Cupressus glabra Sudw., ◆ Weed Cupressus pygmaea (Lemm.) Sarg. Cupressus nevadensis Abrams, Cupressaceae Cuphea caeciliae Koehne Cupressus stephensonii C.B.Wolf = Cupressus goveniana Gordon Lythraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 5 ssp. pygmaea (Lemmon) Bartel Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) Cupressus atlantica Gaussen Cupressus sargentii Jeps. J.F.Macbr. Cupressaceae Cupressaceae Lythraceae Cupressus bakeri Jeps. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A - 5 Cupressaceae L. Cupressaceae Cuphea cyanea DC. Cupressus benthamii Endl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Lythraceae Cupressaceae Cupressus stephensonii C.B.Wolf Cuphea glutinosa Cham. & Schltdl. Cupressus cashmeriana Carrière Cupressaceae Lythraceae Cupressaceae = Cupressus arizonica Greene ◆ Weed Cupressus chengiana Hu Cupressus torulosa D.Don Cuphea hookeriana Walp. Cupressaceae Cupressaceae Lythraceae ◆ Cupressus corneyana (Knight & Perry) Weed - N Cuphea hyssopifolia Kunth Carriére crassifolia (Baker) Hook. f. Lythraceae Cupressaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Cupressus duclouxiana Hickel Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Cuphea ignea A.DC. Cupressaceae Liliaceae Lythraceae ◆ Cupressus dupreziana A.Camus Weed See: Cuphea platycentra Lem., Cupressaceae nom. illeg. Curculigo recurvata W.T.Aiton ◆ Weed Cupressus forbesii Jeps. Liliaceae Cupressaceae Cuphea jorullensis Kunth alismatifolia Gagnep. Lythraceae Cupressus funebris Endl. Zingiberaceae ◆ Weed Cupressaceae Curcuma amada Roxb. = Chamaecyparis funebris (Endl.) Cuphea lanceolata W.T.Aiton Zingiberaceae Franco Lythraceae ◆ Weed - 2

142 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Curcuma aromatica Salisb. Cuscuta suaveolens Ser. Cyathea capensis (L. f.) Sm. Zingiberaceae Cuscutaceae Cyatheaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Cyathea colensoi Domin. Curcuma aurantiaca van Zijp Cuspidaria pterocarpa (Cham.) DC. Cyatheaceae Zingiberaceae Bignoniaceae Cyathea contaminans Merr. Curcuma cordata Wallich nom. inval. gamtoosensis Strey Cyatheaceae Zingiberaceae Araliaceae Cyathea cooperi (Hook. ex F.Müell.) C = Curcuma petiolata Roxb. Eckl. & Zeyh. Domin Curcuma domestica Valeton Araliaceae Cyatheaceae Zingiberaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2 Thunb. = Curcuma longa L. Araliaceae Cyathea dealbata (Forster f.) Sw. ◆ Weed - 3 Cyatheaceae Thunb. Curcuma elata Roxb. ◆ Weed Araliaceae Zingiberaceae Cyathea dregei Kze. Cyamopsis senegalensis Guill. & Perr. Curcuma gracillima Gagnep. Cyatheaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Zingiberaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Cyathea excelsa Swartz. Curcuma inodora Blatter Cyatheaceae Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. Zingiberaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cyathea fauriei Cop. Curcuma longa L. Cyatheaceae Cyananthus argenteus C.Marquand Zingiberaceae Campanulaceae Cyathea intermedia Cop. See: Curcuma domestica Valeton Cyatheaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 Cyananthus incanus Hook. f. & Thomson Cyathea kermadecensis W.R.B.Oliv. Curcuma parviflora Wall. Campanulaceae Cyatheaceae Zingiberaceae Cyananthus lobatus Wall. ex Benth. Cyathea manniana Hook. f Curcuma petiolata Roxb. Campanulaceae Cyatheaceae Zingiberaceae Cyathea medullaris (G.Forst.) Sw. See: Curcuma cordata Wallich nom. Cyananthus microphyllus Edgew. Cyatheaceae inval. Campanulaceae ◆ Weed Cyathea metteniana (Hance) C.Chr. Cyanastrum cordifolium Oliv. & Tardieu Curcuma roscoeana Wall. Cyanastraceae Cyatheaceae Zingiberaceae Cyanella alba L. Cyathea milnei Hk. Hk. f. Curcuma rubescens Roxb. Liliaceae Cyatheaceae Zingiberaceae L. Cyathea robinsonii Cop. Liliaceae Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe Cyatheaceae Zingiberaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed Cyathea sellowiana Pr. Cyanella lutea L. f. Cyatheaceae Currania robertiana (Hoffm.) Wherry Liliaceae Woodsiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Cyathea smithii Hk. f. Cyatheaceae Curtisia dentata (Burm. f.) C.A.Sm. Cyanella orchidiformis Jacq. Cornaceae Liliaceae Cyathea spinulosa Wall. Cyatheaceae Curtonus paniculatus (Klatt) N.E.Br. Cyanotis cristata D.Don Iridaceae Commelinaceae Cyathea tomentosa (Blume) Zoll. ◆ Weed - 3 & Moritzi Cuscuta approximata Bab. Cyatheaceae Cuscutaceae Cyanotis foecunda DC. ex Hassk. ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 - 5 Commelinaceae Cyathea vieillardii Mett. Cyatheaceae Cuscuta campestris Yunck. Cyanotis kewensis C.B.Clarke Cuscutaceae Commelinaceae Cyathodes acerosa R.Br. Epacridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A - 5 Cyanotis somaliensis Clarke Cyathodes colensoi Hook. f. Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. Commelinaceae Epacridaceae Cuscutaceae cinereum (L.) H.Rob. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4 Asteraceae Cyathodes fraseri (A.Cunn.) Allan Epacridaceae Cuscuta planiflora Ten. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 5 Cuscutaceae Cyathodes pumila Hook. f. Cyathea alta Copel. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A Epacridaceae Cyatheaceae Cuscuta racemosa C.Mart. Cyathodes robusta Hook. f. Cyathea brownii Domin Cuscutaceae Epacridaceae Cyatheaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Cyathula officinalis Kuan Amaranthaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 143 Cybistetes longifolia (L.) Milne-Redh. Cyclamen cilicium Boiss. & Heldr. Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb.) Oerst. & Schweick. Primulaceae Fagaceae Liliaceae Cyclamen coum Mill. Cyclobalanopsis kerrii (Craib) Hu circinalis L. Primulaceae Fagaceae Cycadaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Cyclobalanopsis semiserrata = Cycas rumphii Miq. Cyclamen creticum Hildebr. (Roxburgh) Oerst. ◆ Weed C Primulaceae Fagaceae Cycas debaoensis Y.C.Zhong Cyclamen cyprium Kotschy Cyclocarpa stellaris Baker & C.J.Chen Primulaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cycadaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Cyclamen fatrense Halda & Soják Cycas javana (Miq.) de Laub. Primulaceae atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Cycadaceae J.M.Coult. Cyclamen graecum Link Cycas micholitzii Dyer Chenopodiaceae Primulaceae Cycadaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Cycas miquelii Warb. Cyclopia genistoides (L.) Vent. Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton Cycadaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Primulaceae Cycas nongnoochiae K.D.Hill ◆ Weed - 2 Cyclosorus aridus (Don) Ching Cycadaceae Thelypteridaceae Cyclamen X hildebrandii O.Schwarz ◆ Weed - 3 Cycas panzhihuaensis L.Zhou Primulaceae & S.Y.Yang = Cyclamen africanum Boiss. & Reut. Cyclosorus dentatus (Forssk.) Ching Cycadaceae X Cyclamen hederifolium Ait. Thelypteridaceae = Thelypteris dentata (Forssk.) Cycas pectinata Buch.-Ham. Cyclamen intaminatum (Meikle) E.St.John Cycadaceae C.Grey-Wilson ◆ Weed Primulaceae Cycas petraea A.Lindstr. & K.D.Hill Cyclosorus gongylodes (Schkuhr) Link Cycadaceae Cyclamen latifolium Sibth. & Sm. Thelypteridaceae Primulaceae Cycas revoluta Thunb. = Thelypteris interrupta (Willd.) Cycadaceae Cyclamen libanoticum Hildebr. K.Iwats. ◆ Weed Primulaceae ◆ Weed Cycas rumphii Miq. Cyclamen mirabile Hildebr. Cyclosorus parasiticus (L.) Farwell Cycadaceae Primulaceae Thelypteridaceae See: Cycas circinalis L. ◆ Weed Cyclamen neapolitanum Ten. Cycas siamensis Miq. Primulaceae Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Cycadaceae Sprague ex Britton & P.Wilson Cyclamen peloponnesiacum (Grey- Apiaceae Cycas simplicipinna (Smitinand) Wilson) Kit Tan See: Ciclospermum leptophyllum K.D.Hill Primulaceae Cycadaceae (Pers.) Sprague Cyclamen persicum Mill. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Cycas spherica Roxb. Primulaceae Cycnoches ventricosum Bateman Cycadaceae ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Cycas szechuanensis W.C.Cheng Cyclamen pseudibericum Hildebr. Cycnoches warszewiczii Rchb. f. & L.K.Fu Primulaceae Cycadaceae Orchidaceae Cyclamen purpurascens Mill. Cydista aequinoctialis (L.) Miers Cycas taitungensis C.F. Shen, K.D.Hill, Primulaceae C.H.Tsou & C.J.Chen Bignoniaceae Cyclamen repandum Sm. Cycadaceae Cydonia cathayensis Hemsl. Primulaceae Rosaceae Cycas taiwaniana Carruth. ◆ Weed - 2 Cycadaceae = Chaenomeles cathayensis (Hemsl.) Cyclamen rohlfsianum Asch. C.K.Schneid. Cycas thouarsii R.Br. ex Gaudich. Primulaceae Cycadaceae Cydonia oblonga Mill. Cyclamen trochopteranthum Rosaceae Cycas tropophylla K.D.Hill & S.L.Yang O.Schwarz See: Pyrus cydonia L. Cycadaceae Primulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A Cyclamen africanum Boiss. & Reut. Cyclanthera pedata (L.) Schrad. Cydonia sinensis Thouin Primulaceae Cucurbitaceae Rosaceae Cyclamen alpinum Dammann Cyclanthus bipartitus Poit. = Pseudocydonia sinensis (Thouin) ex Sprenger Cyclanthaceae C.K.Schneid. ◆ Primulaceae Weed Cyclea hypoglauca (Schauer) Diels Cyclamen balearicum Willk. Menispermaceae Cylindrophyllum comptonii L.Bolus Primulaceae Aizoaceae

144 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status alcahes (F.A.C.Weber) Cymbidiella flabellata (Thouars) Rolfe Cymbidium siamense Rolfe ex Downie F.M.Knuth Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Cactaceae Cymbidiella rhodocheila (Rolfe) Rolfe Cymbidium simulans Rolfe = (Engelm.) Orchidaceae Orchidaceae F.M.Knuth Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. Cymbidium sinense (Jacks. ex Andr.) Cylindropuntia arbuscula (Engelm.) Orchidaceae Willd. F.M.Knuth Orchidaceae Cactaceae Cymbidium chloranthum Lindl. C See: Opuntia arbuscula Engelm. Orchidaceae Cymbidium suavissimum Sander ◆ Weed Cymbidium cyperifolium Wall. ex Lindl. ex C.H.Curtis Cylindropuntia californica (Torr. & Gray) Orchidaceae Orchidaceae F.M.Knuth Cymbidium dayanum Reichb. f. Cymbidium tracyanum hort. Cactaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae See: Opuntia serpentina Engelm. = Cymbidium grandiflorum Sw. Cymbidium devonianum Paxton (Engelm.) Knuth. Orchidaceae Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Cactaceae Poaceae Cymbidium eburneum Lindl. (Haw.) Kunth See: Andropogon citratus DC., Orchidaceae Cactaceae Cymbopogon citrinus nom. inval. See: Opuntia imbricata (Harv.) DC. Cymbidium elegans Lindl. ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - 1A - 5 Orchidaceae Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Cylindropuntia kleiniae Kunth Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) Sw. J.F.Watson Cactaceae Orchidaceae Poaceae See: Opuntia kleiniae DC. Cymbidium erythrostylum Rolfe Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) ◆ Weed Orchidaceae J.F.Watson Poaceae Cylindropuntia leptocaulis (DC.) Cymbidium finlaysonianum Lindl. See: Andropogon martinii Roxb. F.M.Knuth Orchidaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N See: Opuntia leptocaulis DC. Cymbidium floribundum Lindl. Cymbopogon (L.) Rendle ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Poaceae Cylindropuntia prolifera (Engelm.) Cymbidium giganteum Wall. ex Lindl. ◆ Weed - 2 F.M.Knuth Orchidaceae Cymbopogon refractus (R.Br.) Cactaceae Cymbidium goeringii (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. A.Camus See: Cylindropuntia alcahes Orchidaceae Poaceae (F.A.C.Weber) F.M.Knuth, Opuntia ◆ Weed - Nn - 4 alcahes A.Weber, Opuntia prolifera Cymbidium grandiflorum Sw. Engelm. Orchidaceae Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. ◆ Weed - N See: Cymbidium tracyanum hort. Poaceae ◆ Weed Cylindropuntia rosea (DC.) Backeb. Cymbidium insigne Rolfe Cactaceae Orchidaceae Cymophyllus fraserianus (Ker Gawl.) See: Opuntia rosea DC Cymbidium iridioides D.Don Kartesz & Gandhi ◆ Weed - 1A - 5 Orchidaceae Cyperaceae See: Carex fraseri Andrews (Engelm.) Cymbidium lancifolium Hook. F.M.Knuth Orchidaceae compactum Choux Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae Cymbidium longifolium D.Don See: Opuntia spinosior (Engelm.) ◆ Weed Toumey Orchidaceae Cynanchum marnierianum Rauh ◆ Weed - 5 Cymbidium lowianum (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. Asclepiadaceae Cylindropuntia subulata (Muehlenpf.) Orchidaceae Cynanchum messeri (Buchenau) Jum. F.M.Knuth Cymbidium mastersii Griff. ex Lindl. & H.Perrier Cactaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N Asclepiadaceae Cymbidium parishii Rchb. f. Cynanchum perrieri Choux (Lehm.) Kunth Orchidaceae Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae See: Opuntia tunicata (Lehm.) Pfeiff. Cymbidium pubescens Lindl. ◆ Weed ◆ Orchidaceae Weed - N - 1A - 3 Cynanchum sarcostemmatoides Cymbalaria muralis P.Gaertn., B.Meyer Cymbidium pumilum Rolfe K.Schum. & Schreb. Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae Scrophulariaceae Cymbidium rectum Ridl. cardunculus L. See: Linaria cymbalaria (L.) Mill. Orchidaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Cymbidium rubrigemmum Hayata ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Cymbidiella falcigera (Rchb. f.) Garay Orchidaceae Orchidaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 145 Cynara L. nervosum Benth. concinnus R.Br. Asteraceae ex Hook. f. Cyperaceae = Cynara cardunculus L. ssp. Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - Nn scolymus (L.) Hegi ◆ Weed - 2 Cyperus congestus Vahl ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A Cynoglossum officinale L. Cyperaceae aethiopicus Clayton Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A & J.R.Harlan ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Cyperus difformis L. C Poaceae cauliflora L. Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3A - 5 Cynodon aethiopicus Clayton & Cyperus dubius Rottb. J.R.Harlan X Cynometra ramiflora L. Cyperaceae Vanderyst Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - N Poaceae Cynorchis fastigiata Thouars. ◆ Weed - N Orchidaceae Cyperus Lam. Cyperaceae (L.) Pers. cristatus L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A - 5 Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Cyperus esculentus L. Cyperaceae Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. X Cynodon L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 transvaalensis Burtt Davy Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Cyperus flavescens L. Cyperaceae Cynodon hirsutus Stent Cypella aquatilis Ravenna ◆ Weed - N - 3A Poaceae Iridaceae = Cynodon incompletus Nees var. Cyperus gracilis R.Br. hirsutus (Stent) de Wet & J.R.Harlan Cypella coelestis (Lehm.) Diels Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Iridaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 Cynodon incompletus Nees Cypella herbertii Herb. Cyperus gymnocaulos Steud. Poaceae Iridaceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - Nn See: Cynodon hirsutus Stent Cypella peruviana Baker ◆ Weed - N - 3 Iridaceae Cyperus hamulosus M.Bieb. Cyperaceae Cynodon maritimus Kunth Cypella platensis (Herb. ex Speg.) Speg. Poaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Iridaceae ◆ Weed Cyperus involucratus Rottb. Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) Endl. Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 3A ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Cyperus isocladus Kunth Cyperus albostriatus Schrad. Cynodon plectostachyum (K.Schum.) Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Pilger ◆ Weed - N - 2 Cyperus metzii (Hochst. ex Steud.) Poaceae Mattf. & Kuk. ex Kuk. = Cynodon plectostachyus Cyperus alopecuroides Rottb. Cyperaceae (K.Schum.) Pilg. Cyperaceae = Kyllinga squamulata Thonn. ex Vahl ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 Cynodon plectostachyus (K.Schum.) Pilg. ◆ Weed - 1A Poaceae Cyperus alternifolius L. Cyperus natalensis Hochst. ex Krauss See: Cynodon plectostachyum Cyperaceae Cyperaceae (K.Schum.) Pilger ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 Cyperus papyrus L. Cyperus arenarius Retz. Cyperaceae Cynodon radiatus Roth Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 Poaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - Nn Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. Cyperus aromaticus (Ridl.) Mattf. & Kük. Cyperaceae Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy Cyperaceae = Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 P.Beauv. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 4 ◆ Cyperus auricomus Sieber ex Sprengel Weed - Nn - 1A - 3 - 5 Cynoglossum amabile Stapf Cyperaceae Cyperus prolifer Lam. & J.R.Drumm. ◆ Weed Cyperaceae Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Endl. ex Hassk. Cyperus reflexus Vahl Cynoglossum australe R.Br. Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - Nn Cyperus compressus L. Cyperus rigens Presl & C.Presl Cynoglossum creticum Mill. Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3A ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A

146 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Cyperus rotundus L. Cyphostemma bainesii (Hook. f.) Desc. Cyrtanthus obliquus (L. f.) Aiton Cyperaceae Vitaceae Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Cyphostemma camerounense Desc. Cyrtanthus obrieni Baker Cyperus sanguinolentus Vahl Vitaceae Amaryllidaceae Cyperaceae Cyphostemma gigantophyllum (Gilg Cyrtanthus ochroleucus (Herb.) Steud. = Pycreus snaguinolentus (Vahl) Nees & Brandt) Descoings ex Wild & Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 R.B.Drumm. Cyrtanthus parviflorus Baker C Cyperus sesquiflorus (Torr.) Kuk. Vitaceae Amaryllidaceae Cyperaceae Cyphostemma juttae (Dinter & Gilg) See: Kyllinga odorata Vahl Cyrtanthus purpureus (Ait.) Herbert Desc. ◆ Weed - N - 3A Amaryllidaceae Vitaceae Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb. = Cyrtanthus elatus (L. f.) Traub Cyphostemma nigroglandulosum Cyperaceae Cyrtanthus rotundilobus Hook. f. (Gilg & Brandt) Desc. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 5 Amaryllidaceae Vitaceae Cyperus surinamensis Rottb. Cyrtanthus sanguineus (Lindl.) Hook. f. Cypripedium barbatum Lindl. Cyperaceae Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - N Orchidaceae Cyrtanthus sanguineus (Lindl.) Hook. f. Cypripedium calceolus L. Cyperus tenellus L. f. X Cyrtanthus elatus (Jacq.) Traub Orchidaceae Cyperaceae Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed Cyrtanthus smithiae Watt ex Harv. Cyrilla racemiflora L. Cyperus teneristolon Mattf. & Kuk. Amaryllidaceae Cyperaceae Cyrillaceae ◆ Cyrtanthus speciosus (L. f.) Traub Weed - N - 3A Cyrtanthera pohliana Nees Amaryllidaceae Cyperus tenuiflorus Rottb. Acanthaceae Cyrtanthus staadensis Schönland Cyperaceae Cyrtanthus brachyscyphus Baker ◆ Amaryllidaceae Weed - N - 1A Amaryllidaceae Cyperus tuberosus Rottb. Cyrtanthus stenanthus Bak. Cyrtanthus breviflorus Harv. Cyperaceae Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Cyrtanthus suaveolens Schönland Cyrtanthus collinus Ker Gawl. Cyperus vorsteri K.L.Wilson Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae Cyperaceae Cyrtanthus tuckii Bak. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Cyrtanthus contractus N.E.Br. Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn. Cyrtococcum deltoideum (Hack.) Solanaceae Cyrtanthus elatus (Jacq.) Traub A.Camus ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 Amaryllidaceae Poaceae See: Cyrtanthus purpureus (Ait.) Cyphomandra caracasana (Roem. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Herbert, Vallota speciosa (L. f.) Voss & Schult.) Sendtn. ◆ Weed - 2 Cyrtomium caryotideum (Wall. ex Solanaceae Hook. & Grev.) C.Presl Cyrtanthus epiphyticus J.M.Wood Cyphomandra corymbiflora Sendtn. Dryopteridaceae Solanaceae Amaryllidaceae Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) C.Presl Cyrtanthus eucallus R.A.Dyer Cyphomandra crassicaulis (Cav.) Sendtn. Dryopteridaceae Amaryllidaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A = betaceum Cav. Cyrtanthus falcatus R.A.Dyer Cyrtomium fortunei J.Sm. ◆ Weed Amaryllidaceae Dryopteridaceae Cyphomandra fragrans (Hook.) Sendtn. Cyrtanthus fergusoniae L.Bolus ◆ Weed Solanaceae Amaryllidaceae Cyrtomium lonchitoides (H.Christ) Cyphomandra hartwegii (Miers) Walp. Cyrtanthus guthrieae L.Bolus H.Christ Solanaceae Amaryllidaceae Dryopteridaceae Cyphophoenix elegans (Brongn. Cyrtanthus helictus Lehm. Cyrtomium macrophyllum (Makino) & Griseb.) H.Wendl. Amaryllidaceae Tagawa Arecaceae Dryopteridaceae Cyrtanthus herrei (F.M.Leight.) R.A.Dyer Cyphophoenix nucele H.E.Moore Amaryllidaceae Cyrtomium tukusicola Tagawa Arecaceae Dryopteridaceae Cyrtanthus huttoni Baker Cyphosperma balansae (Brongn.) Amaryllidaceae Cyrtopodium andersonii (Lamb.) H.Wendl. ex Salomon R.Brown Arecaceae Cyrtanthus loddigesianus (Herb.) Orchidaceae R.A.Dyer Cyphosperma trichospadix (Burret) Amaryllidaceae Cyrtorchis arcuata (Lindl.) Schlecht. H.E.Moore Orchidaceae Arecaceae Cyrtanthus mackenii Hook. f. Amaryllidaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 147 Cyrtorchis brownii (Rolfe) Schltr. Cytisus X beanii G.Nicholson Cytisus X praecox Bean Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Cytisus purgans (L.) Boiss. X Cyrtorchis praetermissa Summerh. Cytisus canariensis (L.) Masf. Cytisus multiflorus (L’Hér.) Sweet Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed = Genista canariensis L. Cyrtorchis ringens (Rchb. f.) Summerh. ◆ Weed Cytisus procumbens (Waldst. & Kit.) Orchidaceae Spreng. Cytisus X dallimorei Rolfe. C Cyrtosperma beccarianum A.Hay Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Araceae ◆ Weed = Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Cyrtosperma carrii A.Hay ‘Andreanus’ X Cytisus multiflorus Cytisus proliferus L. f. Araceae (L’Hér.) Sweet Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed = Chamaecytisus prolifer (L. f.) Link Cyrtosperma chamissonis (Schott) Merr. ◆ Weed Araceae Cytisus decumbens (Durande) Spach ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cytisus purgans (L.) Boiss. ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cyrtosperma cuspidispathum Alderwer. Cytisus purpureus Scop. Araceae Cytisus demissus Boiss. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cyrtosperma ferox N.E.Br. & L.Lind. Cytisus racemosus Marnock Araceae Cytisus emeriflorus Reichenb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cyrtosperma johnstonii (W.Bull) N.E.Br. = Genista stenopetala Webb Araceae Cytisus frivaldszkyanus Degen & Berthel. Cyrtosperma macrotum Becc. ex Engl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Araceae Cytisus galianoi Talavera & P.E.Gibbs Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5A Cyrtosperma merkusii (Hassk.) Schott Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Araceae Cytisus hirsutus L. Cytisus sessilifolius L. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cyrtostachys elegans Burret Cytisus hosmariensis Ball. Cytisus ‘Burkwoodii’ hort. Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Cytisus multiflorus (L’Hérit.) Sweet Cyrtostachys kisu Beccari Cytisus intermedius Salzm. ex C.Presl X Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link var. Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae andreanus (Puiss.) Dippel Cyrtostachys lakka Becc. Cytisus X kewensis Bean Cytisus X spachianus (Webb) Kuntze Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed = Cytisus ardoinii E.Fourn. X Cytisus = Genista canariensis L. X Genista Cyrtostachys ledermanniana Becc. multiflorus (L'Hérit.) Sweet stenopetala Webb & Berth. Arecaceae Cytisus linifolius (L.) Lam. Cytisus stenopetalus (Webb Cyrtostachys renda Blume Leguminosae - Papilionaceae & Berthel.) Masf. Arecaceae = Genista linifolia L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cytisus maderensis (Webb & Berthel.) = Genista stenopetala Webb Cystodium sorbifolium (Sm.) J.Sm. & Berthel. Dicksoniaceae Masf. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cytisus supinus L. Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. = Genista maderensis (Webb Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dryopteridaceae & Berthel.) Lowe ◆ Weed - 2 Cytisus supranubius (L. f.) Kuntze Cytisus monspessulanus L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cytisophyllum sessilifolius (L.) Lang Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Genista monspessulana (L.) Cytisus tener Jacq. ex Murray Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cytisus aeolicus Guss. ex Lindl. L.A.S.Johnson Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Cytisus tinctorius Vis. Cytisus multiflorus (L’Hérit.) Sweet Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cytisus albus Hacq. = Genista tinctoria L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Cytisus sp. ‘Burkwoodii’ hort. Cytisus tomentosus Andrews Cytisus ardoinii E.Fourn. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cytisus nigricans L. Cytisus villosus Pourr. Cytisus austriacus L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Cytisus balansae (Boiss.) Ball Cytisus palmensis (H.Christ) Hutch. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cytisus battandieri Maire = Chamaecytisus prolifer (L. f.) Link Leguminosae - Papilionaceae var. palmensis (H.Christ) A.Hansen ◆ Weed & Sunding ◆ Weed - 1A

148 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Dahlia imperialis D Credit: Forest & Kim Starr Daboecia azorica Tutin & E.F.Warb. australe Steud. Dahlia excelsa Benth. Ericaceae Poaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A See: Dahlia arborea Regel Daboecia cantabrica (Huds.) K.Koch ◆ Weed Ericaceae Dactyloctenium bogdanii S.M.Phillips ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae Dahlia X hortensis Guill. D Asteraceae Daboecia X scotica D.C.McClint. Dactyloctenium giganteum B.S.Fisher See: Dahlia coccinea Cav. X Dahlia Ericaceae & Schweick. pinnata Cav. = Daboecia azorica Tutin & Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 E.F.Warb. X Daboecia cantabrica ◆ Weed - N (Huds.) K.Koch Dahlia imperialis Roezl ex Ortgies Dactyloctenium mucronatum Willd. Asteraceae Dacrycarpus dacrydioides (A.Rich.) Poaceae de Laub. Dahlia merckii Lehm. Dactyloctenium radulans (R.Br.) Podocarpaceae Asteraceae See: Podocarpus dacrydioides A.Rich. P.Beauv. Poaceae Dahlia pinnata Cav. Dacrydium araucarioides Brongn. ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A Asteraceae & Griseb. ◆ Weed - 2 Podocarpaceae Dactyloctenium scindicum Boiss. Poaceae Dahlia scapigera (A.Dietr.) Knowles Dacrydium balansae Brongn. & Griseb. & Westc. Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó Podocarpaceae Asteraceae Orchidaceae Dacrydium bidwillii Hook. f. ex Kirk. Dahlia variabilis (Willd.) Desf. Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó Podocarpaceae Asteraceae X Dactylorhiza praetermissa Dacrydium biforme (Hook.) Pilg. (Druce) Soó Dais cotinifolia L. Podocarpaceae Orchidaceae Thymelaeaceae Dacrydium colensoi Hook. ◆ Weed Daiswa yunnanensis (Franchet) Podocarpaceae Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó A.Takhtajan Dacrydium cupressinum Sol. ex Lamb. Orchidaceae Liliaceae Podocarpaceae ◆ Weed Dalbergia baronii Baker Dacrydium falciforme Pilg. Dactylorhiza majalis (Rchb.) P.F.Hunt Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Podocarpaceae & Summerhayes Dalbergia benthamii Prain Orchidaceae Dacrydium franklinii Hook. f. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Podocarpaceae Dalbergia cearensis Ducke Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume Dacrydium guillauminii Buchh. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Arecaceae Podocarpaceae Dalbergia cochinchinensis Laness. Daemonorops longipes (Griff.) Mart. Dacrydium laxifolium Hook. f. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Arecaceae Podocarpaceae Dalbergia cultrata Grah. ex Benth. Daemonorops mollis (Blanco) Merr. Dacrydium nausoriense de Laub. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Podocarpaceae Arecaceae Dalbergia decipularis Rizzini & Matt. Dahlia arborea Regel Dacrydium nidulum de Laub. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Podocarpaceae Asteraceae = Dahlia excelsa Benth. Dalbergia glauca (Desv.) Amsh. Dacryodes edulis (G.Don) H.J.Lam Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Burseraceae Dahlia coccinea Cav. Asteraceae Dalbergia greveana Baill. Dactylicapnos scandens (D.Don) Hutch. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Papaveraceae Dahlia coccinea Cav. X Dahlia pinnata Dalbergia hancei Benth. glomerata L. Cav. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae Asteraceae ◆ Dalbergia horrida R.Grah. Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 = Dahlia X hortensis Guill. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dactylis marina Borrill ◆ Weed Dalbergia hupeana Hance Poaceae Dahlia X cultorum Thorsr. & Reis. ◆ Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Weed Asteraceae (L.) Willd. ◆ Weed - 2 Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae Dahlia dissecta S.Watson ◆ Weed See: aegyptiaca (L.) Desf. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 149 Dalbergia mimosoides Franch. Danthonia stricta Schrad. mezereum L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae Thymelaeaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemao Daphne alpina L. ex Benth. Thymelaeaceae Daphne mucronata Royle Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Thymelaeaceae Daphne altaica Pall. Dalbergia obovata E.Mey. Thymelaeaceae Daphne X napolitana G.Lodd. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Thymelaeaceae Daphne arbuscula Celak. = Daphne sericea Vahl X Daphne Dalbergia oliveri Gamble Thymelaeaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae cneorum L. D Daphne bholua Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Daphne odora Thunb. Dalbergia retusa Hemsl. Thymelaeaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Thymelaeaceae Daphne blagayana Freyer ◆ Weed Dalbergia sissoides Grah. Thymelaeaceae Daphne oleoides Schreb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Thymelaeaceae Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. Daphne X burkwoodii Turrill ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Thymelaeaceae ◆ Daphne petraea Leyb. X Daphne Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 = Daphne caucasica Pall. X Daphne collina Dicks. ex Sm. cneorum L. Dalbergia stevensonii Standl. Thymelaeaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Daphne caucasica Pall. Daphne pontica L. Thymelaeaceae Dalbergia tucurensis Donn.Sm. Thymelaeaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Daphne cneorum L. ◆ Weed - 3 Thymelaeaceae Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. Daphne retusa Hemsl. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Thymelaeaceae ◆ Weed Daphne collina Dicks. ex Sm. Daphne sericea Vahl Dalea glandulosa (J.M.Coult. & Fisher) Thymelaeaceae Thymelaeaceae Shinners = Daphne sericea Vahl See: Daphne collina Dicks. ex Sm. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Daphne genkwa Sieb. & Zucc. Daphne tangutica Maxim. Dalea purpurea Vent. Thymelaeaceae Thymelaeaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Daphniphyllum calycinum Benth. Dalechampia roezliana Müll.Arg. Daphne giraldii Nitsche Daphniphyllaceae Euphorbiaceae Thymelaeaceae Daphniphyllum glaucescens Blume Dalechampia spathulata (Scheidw.) Baill. Daphne gnidioides Jaub. & Spach Daphniphyllaceae Euphorbiaceae Thymelaeaceae Daphniphyllum humile Maxim. Damnacanthus indicus C.F.Gaertn. Daphne gnidium L. ex Franch. & Sav. Rubiaceae Thymelaeaceae Daphniphyllaceae ◆ Weed Danae racemosa (L.) Moench Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq. Liliaceae Daphne X hendersonii Hodgkin Daphniphyllaceae ◆ Weed ex C.D.Brickell & B.Mathew ◆ Weed - 5 Danthonia californica Bol. Thymelaeaceae Poaceae = Daphne cneorum L. X Daphne Daphniphyllum oldhamii (Hemsl.) ◆ Weed petraea Leyb. Rosenthal Daphniphyllaceae Danthonia cirrata Hack. & Arechav. Daphne X houtteana Planch. ex Lindl. Poaceae & Paxton Darlingtonia californica Torr. Thymelaeaceae Sarraceniaceae Danthonia curva Nees Poaceae Daphne X hybrida J.Coville ex Sweet Darmera peltata (Torr.) Voss Thymelaeaceae Saxifragaceae (L.) DC. See: Peltiphyllum peltatum (Torr. Daphne jasminea Sibth. & Sm. Poaceae ex Benth.) Engl. Thymelaeaceae See: Sieglingia decumbens (L.) Bernh. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N Daphne kosaninii (Stoyanov) Stoyanov Darwiniothamnus lancifolius (Hook. f.) Thymelaeaceae Danthonia disticha Nees Harling Poaceae Daphne laureola L. Asteraceae Thymelaeaceae Danthonia forskalii (Vahl) Trin. Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz, ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Poaceae comb. nov. ined. = Centropodia forskalii (Vahl) Cope Daphne longifolia Meisn. Rosaceae Danthonia spicata (L.) P.Beauv. Thymelaeaceae = Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. ex Roem. & Schult. ssp. floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz Daphne longilobata (Lecomte) Turrill Poaceae Thymelaeaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3

150 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. Datura inoxia Mill. pycnocarpa Brack. Rosaceae Solanaceae Davalliaceae See: Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Davallia repens (L. f.) Kuhn Kartesz, comb.nov.ined., Potentilla Datura leichhardtii F.Müell. ex Benth. Davalliaceae fruticosa L. Solanaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Davallia tasmanii Cheeseman ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3A - 4A Davalliaceae Dasylirion acrotrichum (Schiede) Zucc. L. Agavaceae Davallia trichomanoides Blume Solanaceae Davalliaceae Dasylirion cedrosanum Trel. See: Datura fastuosa L. Agavaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A - 4A Davallodes hirsutum (J.Sm.) Cop. D Davalliaceae Dasylirion glaucophyllum Hook. Datura sanguinea Ruiz & Pav. Agavaceae Solanaceae Davidia involucrata Baill. = Brugmansia sanguinea (Ruiz & Pav.) Cornaceae Dasylirion graminifolium (Zucc.) Zucc. D.Don ◆ Weed Agavaceae L. Dawsonia superba Grev. Dasylirion heteracanthum I.M.Johnst. Solanaceae Delesseriaceae Agavaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 edulis (Sieb. & Zucc.) Dasylirion leiophyllum Engelm. ex Trel. Regel Wedd. Agavaceae Solanaceae Urticaceae ◆ Dasylirion longissimum Lem. Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A Debregeasia longifolia (Burm. f.) Agavaceae Daubentonia longifolia (Cav.) DC. Wedd. Dasylirion serratifolium (Karw.) Zucc. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Urticaceae Agavaceae ◆ Weed Daubenya aurea Lindl. Dasylirion texanum Scheele Liliaceae Decaisnea fargesii Franch. Agavaceae Lardizabalaceae Daucus carota L. ◆ Weed Apiaceae Decaisnea insignis (Griff.) Hook. f. Dasylirion wheeleri S.Watson ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 & Thomson Agavaceae Lardizabalaceae Daucus glochidiatus (Lab.) Fisch., ◆ Weed Mey. & Ave-Lall. Decaspermum gracilentum (Hance) Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P.Candargy Apiaceae Merr. & L.M.Perry Poaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Davallia bullata group Decaspermum parviflorum (Lam.) Dasystachys campanulata Baker Davalliaceae A.J.Scott Anthericaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Myrtaceae Datisca cannabina L. Davallia canariensis (L.) Sm. Deckenia nobilis H.Wendl. ex Seem. Datiscaceae Davalliaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Decumaria barbara L. Datisca glomerata (C.Presl) Baill. Davallia divaricata Dunn & Tutcher Hydrangeaceae Datiscaceae Davalliaceae Decumaria sinensis Oliv. ◆ Weed Davallia embolostegia Copel. Hydrangeaceae Datura X candida (Pers.) Saff. Davalliaceae Decussocarpus comptonii (J.Buchholz) Solanaceae Davallia epiphylla G.Forst. de Laub. = Brugmansia X candida Pers. Davalliaceae Podocarpaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Davallia fejeensis Hook. Decussocarpus falcatus (Thunb.) Datura cornigera Hook. Davalliaceae de Laub. Solanaceae Podocarpaceae = Brugmansia arborea (L.) Lagerh. Davallia griffithiana Hook. Davalliaceae Decussocarpus gracilior (Pilg.) de Laub. Datura fastuosa L. Podocarpaceae ◆ Weed Solanaceae = Afrocarpus gracilior (Pilg.) = Datura metel L. Davallia mariesii T.Moore ex Baker C.N.Page ◆ Weed - 2A Davalliaceae Decussocarpus mannii (Hook. f.) ◆ Weed Datura ferox L. de Laub. Solanaceae Davallia pectinata Sm. Podocarpaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Davalliaceae Decussocarpus minor (Carrière) Datura inermis Juss. ex Jacq. Davallia pentaphylla Don de Laub. Solanaceae Davalliaceae Podocarpaceae ◆ Weed - 2A Davallia plumosa Bak. Decussocarpus nagi (Thunb.) de Laub. Davalliaceae Podocarpaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 151 Decussocarpus rospigliossii (Pilger) Delosperma lineare L.Bolus Delphinium elatum L. de Laub. Aizoaceae Ranunculaceae Podocarpaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Delosperma litorale (Kensit) L.Bolus Degenia velebitica (Degen) Hayek Aizoaceae Delphinium X elatum group Brassicaceae ◆ Weed Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Deinanthe bifida Maxim. Delosperma luteum L.Bolus Hydrangeaceae Aizoaceae Delphinium exaltatum Aiton Ranunculaceae Deinanthe caerulea Stapf Delosperma nakurense Herre ◆ Weed D Hydrangeaceae Aizoaceae Delphinium formosum Boiss. & A.Huet odorata Lem. Delosperma pruinosum (Thunb.) Ranunculaceae Asteraceae J.W.Ingram See: Senecio mikanioides Otto Aizoaceae Delphinium glabricaule W.T.Wang ex Walp. Ranunculaceae Delosperma steytlerae L.Bolus ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Aizoaceae Delphinium grandiflorum L. Delarbrea lauterbachii Harms Ranunculaceae Delosperma tradescantioides (Berger) Araliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 L.Bol. boiviniana (Baill.) Capuron Aizoaceae Delphinium hesperium A.Gray Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Ranunculaceae Delosperma vinaceum L.Bolus Delonix decaryi (R.Vig.) Capuron Aizoaceae Delphinium X hybrids hort. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed Ranunculaceae See: Delphinium X cultorum Voss Delonix elata (L.) Gamble Delostoma dentatum D.Don Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Bignoniaceae Delphinium luteum A.Heller ◆ Weed See: Bignonia rosea Pav. ex DC. Ranunculaceae Delonix floribunda (Baill.) Capuron Delphinium ajacis L. Delphinium menziesii DC. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae = Consolida ajacis L. ◆ Weed - 3 (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Delphinium balansae Boiss. & Reut. Delphinium nelsonii Greene ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae = Delphinium nuttallianum Pritz. Delosperma aberdeenense L.Bolus Delphinium barbeyi (Huth) Huth ex Walp. Aizoaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Delosperma algoense L.Bolus Delphinium nudicaule Torr. & A.Gray Aizoaceae Delphinium beesianum W.W.Sm. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Delosperma ashtonii L.Bol. ◆ Weed Aizoaceae Delphinium X belladonna Bergmans Delphinium nuttallianum Pritz. Ranunculaceae Delosperma brunnthaleri Schwant. Ranunculaceae = Delphinium elatum L. X Aizoaceae ◆ Weed Delphinium grandiflorum L. ◆ Weed Delphinium X occidentale (S.Watson) Delphinium bicolor Nutt. Delosperma cooperi (Hook. f.) L.Bolus S.Watson Ranunculaceae Aizoaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 = Delphinium barbeyi (Huth) Huth Delosperma crassuloides L.Bol Delphinium cardinale Hook. X Delphinium glaucum S.Watson Aizoaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed Delosperma davyi N.E.Br. Delphinium cashmerianum Royle Delphinium oxysepalum Borbas & Pax Aizoaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Delosperma echinatum (Ait.) Schwant. Delphinium chinense Fisch. ex DC. Delphinium parryi A.Gray Aizoaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Delosperma ecklonis Schwantes Delphinium consolida L. Delphinium patens Benth. Aizoaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Delosperma herbeum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = Consolida regalis Gray Delphinium peregrinum L. Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Delphinium X cultorum Voss ◆ Weed Delosperma hirtum (N.E.Br.) Schwant. Ranunculaceae Delphinium requienii DC. Aizoaceae = Delphinium X hybrids hort. Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Delosperma lehmannii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Delphinium scopulorum A.Gray Schwantes Delphinium delavayi Franch. Ranunculaceae Aizoaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed

152 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Delphinium semibarbatum Bien. Dendrobium aloefolium (Blume) Rchb. f. Dendrobium capillipes Rchb. f. ex Boiss. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Ranunculaceae Dendrobium alticola Schltr. Dendrobium capituliflorum Rolfe See: Delphinium zalil Aitch. & Hemsl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Delphinium staphisagria L. Dendrobium amethystoglossum Rchb. f. Dendrobium capra J.J.Sm. Ranunculaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Dendrobium anceps Sw. Dendrobium chloroleucum Ridl. Delphinium tatsienense Franch. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Ranunculaceae Dendrobium anosmum Lindl. Dendrobium chordiforme Kraenzl. D Delphinium uliginosum Curran Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Ranunculaceae Dendrobium aphrodite Rchb. f. Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. Delphinium zalil Aitch. & Hemsl. Orchidaceae ex Lindl. Ranunculaceae Orchidaceae = Delphinium semibarbatum Bien. Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) ex Boiss. C.E.C.Fisch. Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendranthema X grandiflorum Kitam. Asteraceae Dendrobium appendiculatum (Blume) Dendrobium chrysotropis Schltr. = Chrysanthemum X morifolium Lindl. Orchidaceae Ramat. Orchidaceae Dendrobium ciliatum (Ruiz & Pav.) ◆ Weed - 2 Dendrobium arachnites Rchb. f. Pers. Dendranthema indicum (L.) Des Moul. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Asteraceae = Dendrobium dickasonii = Dendrobium venustum Teijsm. = Chrysanthemum indicum L. L.O.Williams & Binn. ◆ Weed - 2 Dendrobium arcuatum J.J.Sm. Dendrobium cincinnatum F.Müell. Dendranthema X rubellum (Sealy) Orchidaceae Orchidaceae E.G.Philp Dendrobium atroviolaceum Rolfe Dendrobium clavator Ridl. Asteraceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendranthema weyrichii (Maxim.) Dendrobium attenuatum Lindl. Dendrobium clavatum Lindl. Tzvelev Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Asteraceae Dendrobium aurantiacum Reichb. f. Dendrobium coelogyne Rchb. f. Dendranthema yezoense (F.Maek.) Orchidaceae Orchidaceae D.J.N.Hind Asteraceae Dendrobium aureum Lindl. Dendrobium conanthum Schltr. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendranthema zawadskii (Herbich) Tzvelev Dendrobium austrocaledonicum Schltr. Dendrobium concinnum Miq. Asteraceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 See: Dendrobium inaequale Finet Dendrobium corticicola Schltr. Dendriopoterium menendezii Svent. Dendrobium axillare Schltr. Orchidaceae Rosaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium crassinode Benson Dendriopoterium pulidoi Svent. Dendrobium bambusaefolium Par. & Rchb. f. Rosaceae & Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobenthamia angustata (Chun) Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl. W.P.Fang Dendrobium bellatulum Rolfe & Paxton Cornaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium aberrans Schltr. Dendrobium bifarium Lindl. Dendrobium crispilinguum P.J.Cribb Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium aduncum Wall. ex Lindl. Dendrobium bracteosum Rchb. f. Dendrobium crispilobum J.J.Sm. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium aggregatum Roxb., Dendrobium brymerianum Rchb. f. Dendrobium cruentum Rchb. f. nom. illeg. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium bulbophylloides Schltr. Dendrobium cruttwellii T.M.Reeve = Dendrobium lindleyi Steud. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium agrostophylloides Schltr. Dendrobium bullenianum Rchb. f. Dendrobium crystallinum Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium albosanguineum Lindl. Dendrobium caliculimentum R.S.Rogers Dendrobium cumulatum Lindl. & Paxton Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 153 Dendrobium cunninghamii Lindl. Dendrobium finisterrae Schltr. Dendrobium isochiloides Kraenzl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium cuthbertsonii F.Müell. Dendrobium flaviflorum Hayata Dendrobium jamesianum Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium dalhousieanum Wall. Dendrobium foelschei F.Müell. Dendrobium johnsoniae F.Müell. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae = Dendrobium pulchellum Roxb. Dendrobium forbesii Ridl. Dendrobium junceum Lindl. ex Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium dearei Reichb. f. D Dendrobium foxii Ridl. Dendrobium kaernbachii Kraenzl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium delacouri Guill. Dendrobium friedricksianum Rchb. f. Dendrobium kentrophyllum Hook. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium delicatulum Kranzlin Dendrobium gibsonii Paxton Dendrobium kratense Kerr Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Dendrobium glabrum J.J.Sm. Dendrobium laceratum Schltr. Dendrobium X delicatum (F.M.Bailey) Orchidaceae Orchidaceae F.M.Bailey Orchidaceae Dendrobium goldfinchii F.Müell. Dendrobium lamellatum (Blume) Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium dendrocolloides J.J.Sm. Orchidaceae Dendrobium gouldii Rchb. f. Dendrobium lasianthera J.J.Sm. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium densiflorum Wall. Orchidaceae Dendrobium grande Hook. f. Dendrobium lawesii F.Müell. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium devonianum Paxton Orchidaceae Dendrobium gratiosissimum Rchb. f. Dendrobium leonis (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium dichaeoides Schltr. Dendrobium griffithianum Lindl. Orchidaceae Dendrobium leucocyanum T.M.Reeve Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium dichroma Schltr. Dendrobium guerreroi Ames Orchidaceae Dendrobium leucohybos Schltr. & Quisumb. Orchidaceae Dendrobium dickasonii L.O.Williams Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium lindleyi Steud. Dendrobium harveyanum Rchb. f. See: Dendrobium arachnites Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae See: Dendrobium aggregatum Roxb. Dendrobium dicuphum F.Müell. Dendrobium helix P.J.Cribb nom. illeg. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium lineale Rolfe Dendrobium dillonianum A.D.Hawkes Dendrobium hellwigianum Kraenzl. Orchidaceae & A.H.Heller ex Warb. See: Dendrobium veratrifolium Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium linguella Rchb. f. Dendrobium dixanthum Rchb. f. Dendrobium hercoglossum Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium lituiflorum Lindl. Dendrobium draconis Reichb. f. Dendrobium herpetophytum Schltr. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe Dendrobium engae T.M.Reeve Dendrobium heterocarpum Wall. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae ex Lindl. Dendrobium longicolle Lindl. Dendrobium equitans F.Kranzl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium hildebrandii Rolfe Dendrobium lyonii Ames Orchidaceae Dendrobium falconeri Hook. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae = Dendrobium signatum Rchb. f. Dendrobium macranthum A.Rich. Dendrobium hymenopterum Hook. f. Dendrobium farmeri Paxton Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium macrophyllum A.Rich. Dendrobium inaequale Finet Dendrobium filiforme J.J.Sm. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae = Dendrobium austrocaledonicum Dendrobium macrum Schltr. = Diplocaulobium filiforme Kraenzl. Schltr. Orchidaceae Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. Dendrobium indivisum (Blume) Miq. Dendrobium magistratus P.J.Cribb Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium findleyanum Pav. & Rchb. f. Dendrobium infundibulum Lindl. Dendrobium mannii Ridl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae

154 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Dendrobium margaritaceum Finet Dendrobium phalaenopsis Fitzg. Dendrobium semifuscum (Rchb. f.) Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Lavarack & P.J.Cribb Orchidaceae Dendrobium mayandyi T.M.Reeve Dendrobium phlox Schltr. & Renz Orchidaceae Dendrobium senile C.S.P.Parish Orchidaceae & Rchb. f. Dendrobium pierardii Roxb. Orchidaceae Dendrobium metachilinum Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium sertatum Rolfe Dendrobium platycaulon Rolfe Orchidaceae Dendrobium microglossum Schltr. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium setosum Schltr. Dendrobium plicatile Lindl. D Orchidaceae Dendrobium miyakei Schltr. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium signatum Rchb. f. Dendrobium polysema Schltr. Orchidaceae Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium singaporense Dendrobium prasinum Lindl. A.D.Hawkes & A.H.Heller Dendrobium mooreanum Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium primulinum Lindl. Dendrobium sladei J.J.Wood Dendrobium moschatum (Willd.) Sw. Orchidaceae & P.J.Cribb Orchidaceae Dendrobium pseudoglomeratum Orchidaceae Dendrobium nardoides Schltr. T.M.Reeve & J.J.Wood Dendrobium smilliae F.Müell. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium nathanielis Reichb. f. Dendrobium pulchellum Roxb. ex Lindl. Dendrobium spectabile Miq. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae See: Dendrobium dalhousieanum Dendrobium nebularum Schltr. Wall. Dendrobium spectatissimum Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium pulleanum J.J.Sm. Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Orchidaceae Dendrobium stratiotes Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium purpureum Roxb. Dendrobium nubigenum Schltr. Orchidaceae Dendrobium strepsiceros J.J.Sm. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium quinquecostatum Schltr. Dendrobium obovatum Schltr. Orchidaceae Dendrobium subclausum Rolfe. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium rarum Schltr. Dendrobium ochreatum Lindl. Orchidaceae Dendrobium subflavidum Ridl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium revolutum Lindl. Dendrobium odontochilum Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Dendrobium sulphureum Schltr. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium rhodostictum F.Müell. Dendrobium Rchb. f. & Kraenzl. Dendrobium sutepense Rolfe ex Downie Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium ostrinoglossum Rupp Dendrobium robustum Rolfe Dendrobium sylvanum Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium otaguroanum A.D.Hawkes Dendrobium salmoneum Schltr. Dendrobium tangerinum P.J.Cribb Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium pachyglossum C.S.P.Parish Dendrobium sanderae Rolfe Dendrobium tattonianum Bateman & Rchb. f. Orchidaceae ex Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium sanguinolentum Lindl. Dendrobium palpebrae Lindl. Orchidaceae Dendrobium taurinum Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium scabrilingue Lindl. Dendrobium papilio Loher Orchidaceae Dendrobium terrestre J.J.Sm. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium schuetzei Rolfe Dendrobium parishii Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Dendrobium thyrsiflorum Rchb. f. Orchidaceae ex André Dendrobium secundum (Blume) Lindl. Dendrobium parvilobum Schltr. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium torricellianum Kraenzl. Dendrobium seemannii L.O.Williams Dendrobium pentapterum Schltr. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Dendrobium tortile Lindl. Dendrobium seidenfadenii Senghas Dendrobium petiolatum Schltr. Orchidaceae & Bockemühl Orchidaceae Orchidaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 155 Dendrobium tosaense Makino Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees Denmoza rhodacantha (Salm-Dyck) Orchidaceae & Arn. ex Munro Britton & Rose Poaceae Cactaceae Dendrobium transparens Wall. See: Denmoza erythrocephala Orchidaceae Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro (K.Schum.) A.Berger Poaceae Dendrobium trigonopus Rchb. f. = Sinocalamus latiflorus (Munro) Dennstaedtia bipinnata (Cav.) Maxon Orchidaceae McClure Dennstaedtiaceae Dendrobium truncatum Lindl. Dendrocalamus longispathus (Kurz) Dennstaedtia davallioides (R.Br.) Orchidaceae Kurz T. Moore D Dendrobium undulatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Poaceae Dennstaedtiaceae Pers. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Dendrocalamus membranaceus Orchidaceae Munro Dennstaedtia dissecta (Sw.) T.Moore Dendrobium vagans Schltr. Poaceae Dennstaedtiaceae Orchidaceae Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Deparia petersenii (Kunze) M.Kato Dendrobium venustum Teijsm. & Binn. Poaceae Dryopteridaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 See: Dendrobium ciliatum (Ruiz Dendrocereus nudiflorus Britton & Rose Dermatobotrys saundersii Bolus & Pav.) Pers. Cactaceae Scrophulariaceae Dendrobium veratrifolium Lindl. Dendrochilum bartonii (Ridl.) Schltr. Derris robusta (Roxb. ex DC.) Benth. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Dendrobium lineale Rolfe Dendrochilum cobbianum Rchb. f. cespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. Dendrobium vexillarius J.J.Sm. Orchidaceae Poaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 Dendrochilum formosanum (Schltr.) Dendrobium victoriae-reginae Loher. Schltr. Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Poaceae Dendrobium violaceum Kraenzl. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Dendrochilum longifolium Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Descurainia artemisioides Svent. Dendrobium virgineum Rchb. f. Brassicaceae Dendrochilum simile Blume Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Descurainia millefolia (Jacq.) Webb Dendrobium wardianum Warner & Bert. photiniphylla (Kunth) Orchidaceae Brassicaceae Chew Dendrobium warianum (Schltr.) J.J.Sm. Urticaceae Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl Orchidaceae Brassicaceae Dendromecon harfordii Kellogg ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Dendrobium wilkianum Rupp Papaveraceae Orchidaceae spinosa Ruiz & Pav. Dendromecon rigida Benth. Loganiaceae Dendrobium williamsianum Rchb. f. Papaveraceae ◆ Weed Orchidaceae chevalieri (Vig.) Merr. Desmanthus acuminatus Benth. Dendrocalamopsis stenoaurita & Chun Leguminosae - Mimosaceae (W.T.Lin) Keng f. ex W.T.Lin Araliaceae = (L.) Willd. Poaceae Dendropanax trifidus (Thunb.) Makino var. acuminatus (Benth.) Isely Dendrocalamopsis vario-striata Araliaceae Desmanthus covillei (Britton & Rose) (W.T.Lin) Keng f. ◆ Weed - 5 Wiggins ex B.L.Turner Poaceae Dendrophylax lindenii (Lindl.) Benth. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae See: Bambusa vario-striata (W.T.Lin) ex Rolfe L.C.Chia & H.L.Fung Desmanthus fruticosus Rose Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Dendroseris litoralis Skottsb. Schult. f.) Backer ex K.Heyne Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) Asteraceae Poaceae MacMill. ex B.L.Rob. & Fernald Dendroseris macrophylla D.Don Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) Kurz Asteraceae ◆ Weed Poaceae Dendroseris micrantha Hook. & Arn. Desmanthus leptolobus Torr. & A.Gray Dendrocalamus calostachyus (Kurz) Asteraceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Kurz Poaceae Denmoza erythrocephala (K.Schum.) Desmanthus pubescens B.L.Turner A.Berger Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro Cactaceae Poaceae Desmanthus subulatus (Britton & Rose) = Denmoza rhodacantha (Salm-Dyck) ◆ Weed - 3 Wiggins ex B.L.Turner Britton & Rose Leguminosae - Mimosaceae

156 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. Desmodium lasiocarpum (P.Beauv.) DC. Deuterocohnia chrysantha (Phil.) Mez Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Bromeliaceae See: Desmanthus acuminatus Benth. ◆ Weed Deuterocohnia longipetala (Baker) Mez ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A Desmodium motorium (Houtt.) Merr. Bromeliaceae Desmazeria marina (L.) Druce Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Deutzia X candelabrum (Lemoine) Poaceae Desmodium nicaraguense Oerst. Rehder ◆ Weed - N - 1A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Hydrangeaceae Desmazeria rigida (L.) Tutin ◆ Weed - 1 Deutzia chunii Hu Poaceae Desmodium salicifolium (Poir.) DC. Hydrangeaceae = Catapodium rigidum (L.) D Leguminosae - Papilionaceae C.E.Hubb. Deutzia compacta Craib ◆ Weed - 1A Desmodium sandwicense E.Mey. Hydrangeaceae Desmidorchis indica Kuntze Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Deutzia corymbosa R.Br. ex G.Don ◆ Asclepiadaceae Weed - 1 Hydrangeaceae Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC. Desmodium scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv. Deutzia crenata Sieb. & Zucc. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Hydrangeaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - 3 Weed - N - 1A - 3A ◆ Weed - N Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth. Desmodium sequax Wall. Deutzia discolor Hemsl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Deutzia X elegantissima (Lemoine) Desmodium biarticulatum (L.) F.Müell. Desmodium sericophyllum Schltdl. Rehder Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed = Deutzia scabra Thunb. X Deutzia Desmodium cajanifolium (Kunth) DC. crenata Siebold & Zucc. X Duetzia Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Desmodium stipulaceum DC. purpurascens (L.Henry) Rehder ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae X Duetzia sieboldiana Maxim. [most probable parents] Desmodium canum Schinz & Thell. Desmodium strigillosum Schindl. ◆ Weed nom. illeg. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Deutzia glabrata Kom. = Desmodium incanum DC. Desmodium styracifolium (Osbeck) Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Merr. Deutzia glauca Cheng Desmodium dichotomum (Willd.) DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Hydrangeaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Deutzia globosa Duthie ◆ Weed Desmodium subsericeum Malme Hydrangeaceae Desmodium discolor Vogel Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Deutzia glomeruliflora Franch. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed Desmodium tomentosum (Thunb.) DC. Deutzia gracilis Sieb. & Zucc. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Desmodium discolor Vogel X Hydrangeaceae Desmodium pabulare Hoehne Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Deutzia hookeriana (Schneid.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Desmodium distortum (Aubl.) J.F.Macbr. Airy Shaw Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Deutzia X hybrida Lemoine ◆ Desmodium gyrans (L. f.) DC. Weed - Nn - 1 - 3A Hydrangeaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC. = Deutzia longifolia Franch. ◆ Weed - 2A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae X Deutzia discolor Hemsl. ◆ Desmodium heterophyllum (Willd.) DC. Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A Deutzia X kalmiiflora Lemoine Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Desmoncus polyacanthos Mart. Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Arecaceae = Deutzia purpurascens (Franch. Desmodium illinoense A.Gray ex L.Henry) Rehder X Deutzia Desmos chinensis Lour. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae parviflora Bunge Annonaceae ◆ Weed Deutzia X lemoinei Lemoine ex Bois Desmoschoenus spiralis (A.Rich.) Hydrangeaceae Desmodium incanum DC. Hook. f. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Deutzia longifolia Franch. Cyperaceae See: Desmodium canum Schinz Hydrangeaceae & Thell. nom. illeg. Deuterocohnia brevifolia (Griseb.) Deutzia X magnifica (Lemoine) Rehder ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 M.A.Spencer & L.B.Sm. Hydrangeaceae Bromeliaceae Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb. = Deutzia crenata Sieb. & Zucc. See: Abromeitiella brevifolia Leguminosae - Papilionaceae X Deutzia vilmoriniae Lemoine (Griseb.) A.Cast. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 157 Deutzia ningpoensis Rehder allwoodii hort. Dianthus chinensis L. Hydrangeaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae = Dianthus caryophyllus L. ◆ Weed - 3 Deutzia parviflora Bunge X Dianthus plumarius L. Hydrangeaceae Dianthus cretaceus Adams ◆ Weed Dianthus alpinus L. Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Deutzia pulchra S.Vidal Dianthus crinitus Sm. Hydrangeaceae Dianthus amurensis Jacques Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed Deutzia purpurascens (Franch. D ex L.Henry) Rehder Dianthus anatolicus Boiss. Dianthus deltoides L. Hydrangeaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Deutzia reflexa Duthie Hydrangeaceae Dianthus arboreus L. Dianthus erinaceus Boiss. Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Deutzia X rosea (Lemoine) Rehder Hydrangeaceae Dianthus arenarius L. Dianthus filiformis Lam. Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Deutzia scabra Thunb. ◆ Weed Hydrangeaceae Dianthus fischeri Spreng. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Dianthus armeria L. Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Deutzia schneideriana Rehder ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Dianthus fragrans Adams Hydrangeaceae Caryophyllaceae Dianthus barbatus L. ◆ Deutzia setchuenensis Franch. Weed Caryophyllaceae Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 Dianthus freynii Vandas Deutzia sieboldiana Maxim. Caryophyllaceae Dianthus barbatus L. X Dianthus Hydrangeaceae chinensis L. Dianthus gallicus Pers. Deutzia staminea R.Br. ex Wall. Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Hydrangeaceae Weed - 2 Dianthus barbatus L. X Dianthus Deutzia vilmorinae Lemoine & Bois superbus L. Dianthus graniticus Jord. Hydrangeaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Diacalpe aspidioides Blume Dianthus basuticus Burtt Davy Dianthus gratianopolitanus Vill. Aspleniaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Dialium guineense Willd. Dianthus brevicaulis Fenzl Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Caryophyllaceae Dianthus haematocalyx Boiss. & Heldr. Caryophyllaceae Dialium indum L. Dianthus callizonus Schott & Kotschy Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Caryophyllaceae Dianthus hyssopifolius L. Caryophyllaceae Dianella amoena G.W.Carr Dianthus calocephalus Boiss. & P.F.Horsfall Caryophyllaceae Dianthus japonicus Thunb. Liliaceae Caryophyllaceae Dianthus campestris M.Bieb. Sims Caryophyllaceae Dianthus kitaibelii Janka ex Beck Liliaceae ◆ Weed Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - Nn = Dianthus petraeus Waldst. & Kit. Dianthus capitatus Balb. ex DC. Dianella callicarpa G.W.Carr Caryophyllaceae Dianthus kiusianus Makino & P.F.Horsfall Caryophyllaceae Dianthus carmelitarum Reut. ex Boiss. Liliaceae Caryophyllaceae Dianthus knappii (Pant.) Aschers. Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. & Kan. ex Borb. Dianthus carthusianorum L. Liliaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae See: Dianella sandwicensis Hook. ◆ Weed Dianthus liburnicus Bartl. & Arn. Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Dianthus caryophyllus L. Caryophyllaceae Dianthus lilacinus Boiss. & Heldr. Dianella nigra Colenso ◆ Weed - 2 Caryophyllaceae Liliaceae Dianthus caryophyllus L. X Dianthus Dianthus malacitanus Haens. ex Boiss. Dianella sandwicensis Hook. & Arn. gratianopolitanus Vill. Caryophyllaceae Liliaceae Caryophyllaceae = Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. Dianthus masmenaeus Boiss. ◆ Weed Caryophyllaceae Dianthera nodosa (Hook.) Benth. Dianthus caryophyllus L. X Dianthus & Hook. f. Dianthus microlepis Boiss. plumarius L. Acanthaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Dianthus acicularis Fisch. ex Ledeb. See: Dianthus allwoodii hort. Dianthus monspessulanus L. Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Caryophyllaceae

158 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Dianthus myrtinervius Griseb. Dianthus webbianus Vis. Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Poaceae See: Dichanthium nodosum Dianthus nitidus Waldst. & Kit. Dianthus zonatus Fenzl P.Willemet nom. illeg., Dichanthium Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae papillosum (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Stapf Dianthus orbelicus Panc. ex Stoj. Diaphananthe bidens (Afzel. ex Sw.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 & Acht. Schltr. Dichanthium aristatum (Poir.) C.E.Hubb. Caryophyllaceae Orchidaceae Poaceae Dianthus pallens Sm. Diaphananthe pellucida (Lindl.) Schltr. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Caryophyllaceae Orchidaceae Dichanthium caricosum (L.) A.Camus D Dianthus pavonius Tausch Diascia aliciae Hiern. Poaceae Caryophyllaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Dianthus petraeus Waldst. & Kit. Diascia barberae Hook. f. Dichanthium nodosum P.Willemet Caryophyllaceae Scrophulariaceae nom. illeg. See: Dianthus kitaibelii Janka ex Beck Poaceae Diascia cordata N.E.Br. = Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Dianthus pindicola Vierh. Scrophulariaceae Stapf Caryophyllaceae Diascia fetcaniensis O.M.Hilliard Dichanthium papillosum (Hochst. Dianthus plumarius L. & B.L.Burtt ex A.Rich.) Stapf Caryophyllaceae Scrophulariaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Diascia integerrima E.Mey. ex Benth. = Dichanthium annulatum (Jacq.) Dianthus pontederae A.Kern. Scrophulariaceae Schott var. papillosum Caryophyllaceae Diascia mollis O.M.Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Dichanthium saccharoides (Swartz) Dianthus pygmaeus Hayata Scrophulariaceae Roberty Caryophyllaceae Poaceae Diascia X rigescens Hilliard & B.L.Burtt. ◆ Weed - 3 Dianthus pyrenaeus Lemperg Scrophulariaceae Caryophyllaceae Dichanthium sericeum (R.Br.) A.Camus Diascia veronicoides Schltr. Poaceae Dianthus scaber Chaix Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 Caryophyllaceae Diascia vigilis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt micrantha (Cav.) Domin Dianthus seguieri Vill. Scrophulariaceae Poaceae Caryophyllaceae Diblemma samarensis J.Sm. ◆ Weed - Nn Dianthus shinanensis (Yatabe) Makino Polypodiaceae Dichelostemma capitatum Alph.Wood Caryophyllaceae Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp. Liliaceae Dianthus siculus C.Presl Papaveraceae See: Dichelostemma pulchellum Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - 3 (Salisb.) Heller Dianthus spiculifolius Schur Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. Dichelostemma congestum (Sm.) Kunth Caryophyllaceae Papaveraceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed Dianthus sternbergii Sieber ex Capelli Caryophyllaceae Dicentra eximia (Ker Gawl.) Torr. Dichelostemma ida-maia (A.W.Wood) Papaveraceae Greene Dianthus subacaulis Vill. ◆ Weed - 2 Liliaceae Caryophyllaceae Dicentra formosa (Haw.) Walp. Dichelostemma multiflorum (Benth.) Dianthus suendermannii Bornm. Papaveraceae A.A.Heller Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Liliaceae Dianthus superbus L. Dicentra macrocapnos D.Prain Dichelostemma pulchellum (Salisb.) Caryophyllaceae Papaveraceae Heller ◆ Weed Liliaceae Dicentra scandens (D.Don) Walp. Dianthus sylvestris Wulfen = Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth.) Papaveraceae Caryophyllaceae Alph.Wood ◆ Weed - 2 Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem. ◆ Weed - 3 Papaveraceae Dianthus tatrae Borbas Dichondra argentea Humb. & Bonpl. = Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Caryophyllaceae ex Willd. Fukuhara Convolvulaceae Dianthus turkestanicus Preobr. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Caryophyllaceae Dichondra micrantha Urb. Dichaea morrisii Fawc. & Rendle Convolvulaceae Orchidaceae Dianthus uralensis Korsh. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 5 Caryophyllaceae Dichaea trichocarpa (Sw.) Lindl. Dichorisandra reginae (L.Linden Orchidaceae Dianthus viscidus Bory & Chaub. & Rodigas) W.Ludw. Caryophyllaceae Commelinaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 159 Dichorisandra thyrsiflora J.G.Mikan Dictamnus albus L. Dieffenbachia picta Schott Commelinaceae Rutaceae Araceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - 2 = Dichanthium annulatum (Jacq.) Schott Dichotomanthes tristaniaecarpa Kurtz Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. ◆ Weed Rosaceae Rutaceae ◆ Weed Dieffenbachia pittieri Engl. & Krause Dichroa febrifuga Lour. Araceae Hydrangeaceae Dictyocaryum lamarckianum (Mart.) See: Dichroa versicolor D.R.Hunt H.Wendl. Dieffenbachia reginae Engl. Arecaceae Araceae D Dichroa versicolor D.R.Hunt Hydrangeaceae Dictyosperma album (Bory) H.Wendl. Dieffenbachia rex Gentil = Dichroa febrifuga Lour. & Drude ex Scheff. Araceae Arecaceae cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Didierea madagascariensis Baill. Araceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Didiereaceae See: Dieffenbachia amoena hort., Dieffenbachia exotica hort., baudouinii Fourn. Didierea trollii Capuron & Rauh. Dieffenbachia maculata (G.Lodd.) Dicksoniaceae Didiereaceae G.Don, Dieffenbachia picta Schott Dicksonia brackenridgei Mett. Didiplis diandra (Nutt. ex DC.) Wood ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Dicksoniaceae Lythraceae Dieffenbachia splendens Bull. Dicksonia fibrosa Col. Didiplis linearis Raf. Araceae Dicksoniaceae Lythraceae = Diefenbachia leopoldii Bull. X Dieffenbachia maculata (Loddiges) Dicksonia lanata Colenso Didiscus coeruleus (Graham) DC. D.Don Dicksoniaceae Apiaceae Dieffenbachia stenophylla Madison Dicksonia sellowiana (C.Presl) Hook. Didymocarpus kinnearii F.Müell. Araceae Dicksoniaceae Gesneriaceae ambiguum O.M.Hilliard Dicksonia squarrosa (G.Forst.) Sw. Didymochlaena truncatula (Sw.) J.Sm. Iridaceae Dicksoniaceae Dryopteridaceae Dierama argyreum L.Bolus Dicksonia thyrsopteroides Mett. Dieffenbachia amoena hort. Iridaceae Dicksoniaceae Araceae Dicliptera peruviana Juss. = Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Dierama cooperi N.E.Br. Acanthaceae Schott Iridaceae Dicliptera resupinata (Vahl) Juss. Dieffenbachia bausei Regel Dierama davyi N.E.Br. Acanthaceae Araceae Iridaceae Dicliptera suberecta (André) Bremek. Dieffenbachia bowmannii Carrière Dierama dracomontanum O.M.Hilliard Acanthaceae Araceae Iridaceae Dicoma zeyheri Sond. Dieffenbachia chelsonii Bull. ex Gentil Dierama erectum Hilliard Asteraceae Araceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Dieffenbachia exotica hort. Dierama igneum Klatt Dicranoglossum panamense (C.Chr.) Araceae Iridaceae = Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) L.D.Gomez Dierama luteo-albidum Verdoom Schott Polypodiaceae Iridaceae Dieffenbachia fournieri O’Brien Dicranoloma billarderii (Brid.) (Thunb.) Baker Araceae Dicranaceae Iridaceae Dicranopygium lugonis Harling Dieffenbachia gigantea Verschaff. ◆ Weed - N Araceae Cyclanthaceae (Hook. f.) Baker Dicranopygium umbrophila Dieffenbachia maculata (G.Lodd.) Iridaceae B.E.Hammell G.Don ◆ Weed - N Cyclanthaceae Araceae Dierama pumilum N.E.Br. = Dichanthium annulatum (Jacq.) Dicranopygium yacu-sisa Harling Iridaceae Schott Cyclanthaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Dierama reynoldsii Verdoorn Dicranostigma lactucoides Hook. f. Iridaceae Dieffenbachia oerstedii Schott & Thomson Araceae Dierama robustum N.E.Br. Papaveraceae Iridaceae Dieffenbachia parlatorii Linden Dicrocaulon brevifolium N.E.Br. & André Diervilla florida (Bunge) Siebold & Zucc. Aizoaceae Araceae Diervillaceae Dicrocaulon spissum N.E.Br. = Weigela florida (Bunge) A.DC. Aizoaceae

160 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Diervilla fujisanensis Makino Digitalis grandiflora Mill. Digitaria decumbens Stent Diervillaceae Scrophulariaceae Poaceae See: Digitalis ambigua Murray, = Digitaria eriantha Steud. Diervilla maximowiczii (S.Moore) Digitalis orientalis Lam. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 Makino ◆ Weed - 2 Diervillaceae Digitaria didactyla Willd. Digitalis heywoodii (P.Silva & M.Silva) Poaceae Diervilla rivularis Gatt. P.Silva & M.Silva ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Diervillaceae Scrophulariaceae Digitaria eriantha Steud. Diervilla sessilifolia Buckley = Digitalis purpurea L. ssp. Poaceae Diervillaceae heywoodii P.Silva & M.Silva See: Digitaria decumbens Stent, D ◆ Weed - 2 Digitalis kishinskyi nom. illeg. Digitaria pentzii Stent, Digitaria Diervilla X splendens (Carrière) Scrophulariaceae polevansii Stent, Digitaria seriata G.Kirchn. = Digitalis parviflora Jacq. Stapf, Digitaria setivalva Stent, Diervillaceae Digitaria smutsii Stent, Digitaria Digitalis laevigata Waldst. & Kit. = Diervilla lonicera P.Mill. X Diervilla valida Stent Scrophulariaceae sessilifolia Buckl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Digitalis lamarckii Ivanina Diervilla venusta Stapf Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb. ex Scrophulariaceae Diervillaceae Schweigg.) Schreb. ex Muhl. Digitalis lanata Ehrh. Poaceae bicolor (Steud.) Sweet ex Klatt Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4 - 5 Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Digitaria macroglossa Henrard Digitalis lutea L. Poaceae Dietes catenulata Sweet Scrophulariaceae = Digitaria natalensis Stent Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Digitaria milanjiana (Rendle) Stapf N.E.Br. Digitalis mariana Boiss. Poaceae Iridaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Digitalis X mertonensis Buxton Digitaria mombasana C.E.Hubb. (L.) Sweet ex Klatt & Darlington Poaceae Iridaceae Scrophulariaceae See: Dietes vegeta auct., Digitaria natalensis Stent iridioides L. Digitalis nevadensis Kunze Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A Scrophulariaceae See: Digitaria macroglossa Henrard ◆ Weed Dietes robinsoniana (F.Müell.) Klatt Digitalis obscura L. Iridaceae Scrophulariaceae Digitaria pentzii Stent ◆ Weed - N - 1A Poaceae Digitalis orientalis Lam. = Digitaria eriantha Steud. Dietes vegeta auct. Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Iridaceae = Digitalis grandiflora Miller = Dietes iridioides (L.) Sweet ex Klatt ◆ Weed Digitaria polevansii Stent Poaceae Digitalis ambigua Murray Digitalis parviflora Jacq. = Digitaria eriantha Steud. Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae = Digitalis grandiflora Mill. See: Digitalis kishinskyi nom. illeg. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Poaceae Digitalis cariensis Boiss. ex Benth. Digitalis purpurea L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae See: Digitalis heywoodii (P.Silva Digitaria seriata Stapf Digitalis ciliata Trautv. & M.Silva) P.Silva & M.Silva Poaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 = Digitaria eriantha Steud. Digitalis davisiana Heywood Digitalis thapsi L. Digitaria setivalva Stent Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Poaceae Digitalis dubia Rodr. = Digitaria eriantha Steud. Digitalis viridiflora Lindl. Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Digitaria smutsii Stent Digitalis eriostachya Bess. ex Rchb. Poaceae Digitaria aequiglumis (Hack. Scrophulariaceae = Digitaria eriantha Steud. & Arechav.) Parodi ◆ Weed Digitalis ferruginea L. Poaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N Digitaria swazilandensis Stent ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Poaceae Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler ◆ Weed Digitalis fontanesii Steud. Poaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Digitaria swynnertonii Rendle Poaceae Digitaria commutata Schult. Poaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 161 Digitaria ternata (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Dinochloa malayana S.Dransf. globosa Roxb. Stapf Poaceae Poaceae Dioclea violacea Mart. ex Benth. Dioscorea humifusa Poepp. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dioscoreaceae Digitaria valida Stent Diodia teres Walter Dioscorea hypoglauca Palib. Poaceae = Digitaria eriantha Steud. Rubiaceae Dioscoreaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 Digitaria violascens Link Dioscorea japonica Thunb. Poaceae Dionaea muscipula J.Ellis Dioscoreaceae ◆ D ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 Dillenia excelsa (Jacq.) Gilg Dioscorea macroura Harms Dioon califanoi De Luca & Sabato Dioscoreaceae Zamiaceae Dillenia indica L. Dioscorea nipponica Makino Dilleniaceae Dioon caputoi De Luca, Sabato Dioscoreaceae ◆ Weed & Vasq.Torres ◆ Weed Zamiaceae Dillenia ovata Wall. ex Hook. f. Dioscorea nummularia Lam. & Thomson Dioon edule Lindl. Dioscoreaceae Dilleniaceae Zamiaceae ◆ Weed Dillenia philippinensis Rolfe Dioon holmgrenii De Luca, Sabato Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Dilleniaceae & Vasq.Torres Dioscoreaceae Zamiaceae See: Dioscorea batatas Decne. Dillenia speciosa Thunb. ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Dilleniaceae Dioon mejiae Standl. & L.O.Williams Zamiaceae Dioscorea paniculata auct. Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff. ex Hook. f. Dioscoreaceae & Thomson) Martelli Dioon merolae De Luca, Sabato = Dioscorea villosa L. Dilleniaceae & Vasq.Torres ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Zamiaceae L. Dioscoreaceae Dillwynia ericifolia Sm. Dioon rzedowskii De Luca, A.Moretti, ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Sabato & Vazq.Torres Zamiaceae Dioscorea polystachya Turcz Dimerocostus strobilaceus Kuntze Dioscoreaceae Costaceae Dioon spinulosum Dyer See: Dioscorea batatas Decne. Zamiaceae longan Lour. Dioscorea praehensilis Benth. Sapindaceae Dioon tomasellii De Luca, Sabato Dioscoreaceae See: Euphoria longan (Lour.) & Vasq.Torres Steud., Euphoria longana Lam. Zamiaceae Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax ◆ Weed Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea acutifolia Phil. ◆ Weed Dimorphanthera alba J.J.Sm. Dioscoreaceae Ericaceae Dioscorea septemloba Thunb. L. Dioscoreaceae Dimorphanthera amblyornidis F.Müell. Dioscoreaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Dioscorea tokoro Makino ex Miyabe Dioscoreaceae Dimorphotheca barberiae Harvey Dioscorea batatas Decne. ◆ Weed Asteraceae Dioscoreaceae Dimorphotheca ecklonis DC. = Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. Dioscorea villosa L. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 Dioscoreaceae See: Dioscorea paniculata auct. = ecklonis (DC.) Norl. L. ◆ ◆ Weed Weed - 1A Dioscoreaceae Dimorphotheca montana Norlindh ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Diosma ericoides L. Rutaceae Asteraceae Dioscorea cotinifolia Kunth ◆ Weed Dimorphotheca pluvialis (L.) Moench Dioscoreaceae Asteraceae Diosma oppositifolia L. Dioscorea discolor R.Knuth ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Rutaceae Dioscoreaceae Dimorphotheca sinuata DC. Diospyros austroafricana De Winter Dioscorea elephantipes (L’Hérit.) Engl. Asteraceae Dioscoreaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 Diospyros blancoi A.DC. Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill Dimorphotheca tragus (Aiton) B.Nord. Ebenaceae Dioscoreaceae Asteraceae See: Diospyros discolor Willd., ◆ Weed nom. illeg. retroflexa (Vahl) Panz. Dioscorea glabra Roxb. Poaceae Diospyros cathayensis Steward Dioscoreaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A Ebenaceae

162 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Diospyros dichrophylla (Gand.) Diospyros texana Scheele Diplazium lanceum (Thunb.) C.Presl De Winter Ebenaceae Dryopteridaceae Ebenaceae ◆ Weed Diplazium latifolium (G.Don) T.Moore ◆ Weed - 3 Diospyros villosa (L.) De Winter Dryopteridaceae Diospyros digyna Jacq. Ebenaceae Diplazium melanopodium Fée Ebenaceae Diospyros virginiana L. Dryopteridaceae ◆ Weed Ebenaceae Diplazium ophiodontum (Cop.) C.Chr. Diospyros discolor Willd. nom. illeg. ◆ Weed - 3 Dryopteridaceae Ebenaceae Diospyros whyteana (Hiern) F.White = Diospyros blancoi A.DC. Diplazium pin-faense Ching D Ebenaceae ◆ Weed Dryopteridaceae Diostea juncea (Gillies & Hook.) Miers Diospyros duclouxii Dode Diplazium proliferum (Lam.) Thouars Verbenaceae Ebenaceae Dryopteridaceae Dipcadi serotinum Medik. Diospyros ebenaster Retz. Diplazium pseudocyatheifolium Ros. Liliaceae Ebenaceae Dryopteridaceae Dipcadi viride Moench Diospyros ebenum J.Konig Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Broun Liliaceae Ebenaceae Dryopteridaceae ◆ Weed Dipelta floribunda Maxim. See: Athyrium pycnocarpon Linnaeaceae (Spreng.) Tidestrom Diospyros glaucifolia F.P.Metcalf Ebenaceae Dipelta ventricosa Hemsl. Diplazium thwaitesii (A.Braun ex Mett.) Linnaeaceae Klotzsch ex T.Moore Diospyros grisebachii (Hiern) Standl. Dryopteridaceae Ebenaceae Dipelta yunnanensis Franch. Linnaeaceae Diplocaulobium abbreviatum (Schltr.) Diospyros kaki L. f. A.D.Hawkes Ebenaceae Dipidax triquetra (L. f.) Baker Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Liliaceae Diplocaulobium arachnoideum Diospyros lotus L. Diplacus aurantiacus (Curtis) Jeps. (Schltr.) Carr Ebenaceae Scrophulariaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 5 See: Mimulus glutinosus J.C.Wendl. Diplocaulobium aratriferum (J.J.Sm.) Diospyros lucida Walll. Diplacus clevelandii (Brandeg.) Greene P.F.Hunt & Summerh. Ebenaceae Scrophulariaceae Orchidaceae Diospyros lycioides Desf. Diplacus grandiflorus (Lindl.) Groenl. Diplocaulobium aureicolor (J.J.Sm.) Ebenaceae Scrophulariaceae A.D.Hawkes ◆ Weed See: Mimulus bifidus Pennell Orchidaceae Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. Diplacus puniceus Nutt. Diplocaulobium chrysotropis (Schltr.) Ebenaceae Scrophulariaceae A.D.Hawkes = Mimulus aurantiacus Curtis var. Diospyros maritima Blume Orchidaceae puniceus (Nutt.) D.M.Thomps. Ebenaceae Diplocaulobium coplandii (F.M.Bailey) ◆ Weed - Nn Dipladenia X brearleyana Regel P.F.Hunt Apocynaceae Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. Orchidaceae ex A.DC. Dipladenia sanderi Hemsl. Diplocaulobium cyclobulbon (Schltr.) Ebenaceae Apocynaceae A.D.Hawkes Diospyros natalensis (Harv.) Brenan Diplarrhena latifolia Benth. Orchidaceae Ebenaceae Iridaceae Diplocaulobium filiforme Kraenzl. Diospyros pallens (Thunb.) F.White Diplaziopsis javanica (Blume) C.Chr. Orchidaceae Ebenaceae Dryopteridaceae See: Dendrobium filiforme J.J.Sm. Diospyros revoluta Poir. Diplazium callipteris Fée Diplocaulobium pulvilliferum (Schltr.) Ebenaceae Dryopteridaceae A.D.Hawkes Orchidaceae Diospyros rhombifolia Hemsl. Diplazium caudatum (Cav.) Jermy Ebenaceae Dryopteridaceae Diplocaulobium regale (Schltr.) A.D.Hawkes Diospyros scabrida (Harv. ex Hiern) Diplazium cristatum (Desr.) Alston Orchidaceae De Winter Dryopteridaceae Ebenaceae dampieri Desf. Diplazium donianum (Mett.) Tardieu Rutaceae Diospyros simii (Kuntze) De Winter Dryopteridaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Ebenaceae Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. ◆ Weed - 3 Diplopappus filifolius Hook. Dryopteridaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 163 Diplopappus fruticosus (L.) Levyns Disa tripetaloides (L. f.) N.E.Br. sagittata Decne. Asteraceae Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae = Felicia fruticosa (L.) H.Nicholson Disa uniflora P.J.Bergius Dischidia tomentella Ridl. Diplotaxis acris (Forssk.) Boiss. Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed Disanthus cercidifolius Maxim. Dischidia trichostemma Schltr. Hamamelidaceae Asclepiadaceae Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC. Brassicaceae serratifolia (Vent.) Mast. Dischidiopsis parasitica Merr. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Rhamnaceae Asclepiadaceae D Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. Discaria toumatou Raoul. Dischisma arenarium E.Mey. Brassicaceae Rhamnaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ ◆ See: Eruca sylvestris hort. nom. illeg. Weed Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Discaria trinervis (Gilles. ex Hook. Dischisma capitatum (Thunb.) Choisy Diplothemium maritimum Mart. & Arn.) Reiche Scrophulariaceae Arecaceae Rhamnaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Dipodium pandanum F.M.Bailey Dischidia acutifolia Maingay ex Hook. f. Discocactus ackermannii (Haworth) Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae Barthlott Cactaceae Dipogon lignosus (L.) Verdc. Dischidia albida Griff. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asclepiadaceae Discocactus albispinus Buining & Brederoo See: Dolichos lignosus L. Dischidia astephana Scort. ex King ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Cactaceae & Gamble = Discocactus zehntneri Britton Asclepiadaceae Dipsacus asper Wall. ex DC. & Rose Dipsacaceae Dischidia bengalensis Colebr. ◆ Weed Discocactus araneispinus Buining Asclepiadaceae & Brederoo ex J. Theun. Dipsacus fullonum L. Dischidia cominsii Hemsl. Cactaceae Dipsacaceae Asclepiadaceae = Discocactus zehntneri Britton See: Dipsacus sylvestris Huds. & Rose ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Dischidia dolichantha Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Discocactus bahiensis Britton & Rose Dipsacus laciniatus L. Cactaceae Dipsacaceae Dischidia formosana Maxim. ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 - 5 Asclepiadaceae Discocactus boliviensis Backeb. ex J.Theun. Dipsacus sativus (L.) Honck. Dischidia fruticulosa Ridley Cactaceae Dipsacaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 4 Discocactus cangaensis Diers & Esteves Dischidia gaudichaudii Decne. Cactaceae Dipsacus sylvestris Huds. Asclepiadaceae Dipsacaceae Discocactus catingicola Buining Dischidia hirsuta L. = Dipsacus fullonum L. & Brederoo Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Cactaceae Dischidia imbricata (Blume) K.Schum. Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G.Don Discocactus cephaliaciculosus Buining Asclepiadaceae Dipterocarpaceae & Brederoo nom. inval. Dipterocarpus obtusifolius Teijsm. Dischidia littoralis Schltr. Cactaceae ex Miq. Asclepiadaceae = Discocactus heptacanthus (Barb.Rodr.) Britton & Rose Dipterocarpaceae Dischidia livida Elmer ssp. heptacanthus Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. Asclepiadaceae Dipterocarpaceae Discocactus crassispinus P.J.Braun Dischidia melanesica Fosberg & Esteves Asclepiadaceae Dipterocarpus turbinatus C.F.Gaertn. Cactaceae Dipterocarpaceae Dischidia milnei Hemsl. Discocactus crystallophilus Diers Asclepiadaceae Dipteronia sinensis Oliv. & Esteves Aceraceae Dischidia platyphylla Schltr. Cactaceae Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. Asclepiadaceae = Discocactus placentiformis Leguminosae - Papilionaceae (Lehm.) K.Schum. Dischidia punctata Decne. Dirca palustris L. Asclepiadaceae Discocactus diersianus Esteves Thymelaeaceae Cactaceae Dischidia purpurea Merr. ◆ Weed - 3 Asclepiadaceae Discocactus ferricola Buining Disa bracteata Sw. & Brederoo Dischidia rafflesiana Wall. Orchidaceae Cactaceae See: Monadenia bracteata (Sw.) Asclepiadaceae Discocactus hartmannii (K.Schum.) T.Durand & Schinz Dischidia ruscifolia Decne. ex Becc. Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - N - 1A Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae

164 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Discocactus heptacanthus (Barb.Rodr.) Discolobium psoraliaefolium Benth. Disporopsis longifolia Craib Britton & Rose Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae Cactaceae Disocactus alatus (Sw.) Kimnach Disporum bodinieri (Lév. & Van.) See: Discocactus cephaliaciculosus Cactaceae Wang & Tang. Buining & Brederoo nom. inval. = Pseudorhipsalis alata (Sw.) Britton Convallariaceae Discocactus horstii Buining & Brederoo & Rose Disporum hookeri (Torrey) Nicholson Cactaceae Disocactus alteolens Lem. ex Salm-Dyck Convallariaceae Discocactus latispinus Buining Cactaceae Disporum sessile D.Don = Discocactus placentiformis & Brederoo Convallariaceae Cactaceae K.Schum. D = Discocactus placentiformis Disporum smithii (Hook.) Piper Disocactus amazonicus (K.Schum.) (Lehm.) K.Schum. Convallariaceae D.R.Hunt Discocactus multicolorispinus Cactaceae eximia (Sond.) Hook. f. P.J.Braun & Brederoo See: Wittia amazonica K.Schum. Melastomataceae Cactaceae Disocactus biformis (Lindl.) Lindl. Dissotis plumosa Hook. f. = Discocactus placentiformis Cactaceae Melastomataceae (Lehm.) K.Schum. Disocactus eichlamii (Weing.) Britton Dissotis princeps (Kunth) Triana Discocactus nigrisaetosus Buining & Rose Melastomataceae & Brederoo Cactaceae Cactaceae Dissotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Triana = Discocactus catingicola Buining Disocactus flagelliformis (L.) Barthlott Melastomataceae ◆ & Brederoo Cactaceae Weed - N - 1 - 2 = Aporocactus flagelliformis (L.) Lem. Disterigma alaternoides (Kunth) Nied. Discocactus placentiformis (Lehm.) ◆ Weed K.Schum. Ericaceae Cactaceae Disocactus kimnachii G.D.Rowley Disterigma empetrifolium (Kunth) See: Discocactus crystallophilus Cactaceae Drude Diers & Esteves, Discocactus See: Nopalxochia horichii Kimnach Ericaceae latispinus Buining & Brederoo, Disocactus macdougallii (Alexander) Discocactus multicolorispinus Disterigma humboldtii (Klotzsch) Nied. Barthlott Ericaceae P.J.Braun & Brederoo, Discocactus Cactaceae pseudolatispinus Diers & Esteves, See: Nopalxochia macdougallii palmeri (Vasey) Fassett Discocactus tricornis Monv. ex (Alexander) W.T.Marshall ex I.M.Johnst. Pfeiff. & Otto, Disocactus alteolens Poaceae Lem. ex Salm-Dyck, Echinocactus Disocactus macranthus (Alexander) Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene alteolens (Salm-Dyck) K.Schum. Kimnach & Hutchison Cactaceae Poaceae Discocactus pseudoinsignis N.P.Taylor ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 & Zappi Disocactus nelsonii (Britton & Rose) Distictis buccinatoria (DC.) A.H.Gentry Cactaceae Linding. Cactaceae Bignoniaceae Discocactus pseudolatispinus Diers See: Chiapasia nelsonii (Britton ◆ Weed & Esteves & Rose) Britton & Rose Distylium myricoides Hemsl. Cactaceae Hamamelidaceae = Discocactus placentiformis Disocactus phyllanthoides (DC.) (Lehm.) K.Schum. Barthlott Distylium racemosum Sieb. & Zucc. Cactaceae Hamamelidaceae Discocactus subterraneo-proliferans See: Nopalxochia phyllanthoides Diers & Esteves (DC.) Britton & Rose graveolens (L.) Greuter Cactaceae Asteraceae Disocactus quezaltecus (Standl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A Discocactus subviridigriseus Buining & Steyerm.) Kimnach & Brederoo Cactaceae (L.) Greuter Cactaceae Asteraceae Disocactus ramulosus (Salm-Dyck) See: Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton Discocactus tricornis Monv. ex Pfeiff. Kimnach ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 & Otto Cactaceae Cactaceae = Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa (Salm- Dizygotheca elegantissima (Veitch) = Discocactus placentiformis Dyck) Barthlott R.Vig. & Guillaumin (Lehm.) K.Schum. Araliaceae Disphyma crassifolium (L.) L.Bolus Discocactus zehntneri Britton & Rose Aizoaceae Dockrillia tenuissima (Rupp) Rauschert Cactaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 5 Orchidaceae See: Discocactus albispinus Buining Disporopsis aspera (Hua) Engl. Docynia delavayi (Franch.) & Brederoo, Discocactus ex K.Krause C.K.Schneid. araneispinus Buining & Brederoo Liliaceae Rosaceae ex J. Theun. Disporopsis fuscopicta Hance Dodecatheon alpinum (Gray) Greene Primulaceae Liliaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 165 Dodecatheon clevelandii E.Greene Dolichos sesquipedalis L. Dombeya nyasica Exell Primulaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Sterculiaceae Dodecatheon hendersonii A.Gray Dolichos sinensis L. Dombeya pulchra N.E.Br. Primulaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Sterculiaceae Dodecatheon jeffreyi Van Houtte Dolichos trilobus L. Dombeya rotundifolia Planch. Primulaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Sterculiaceae ◆ Weed Dodecatheon meadia L. Dolichos tuberosus Lam. Primulaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dombeya sparmannioides K.Schum. Sterculiaceae D Dodecatheon pulchellum (Raf.) Merr. Dolichos unguiculatus L. Primulaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dombeya spectabilis Bojer Sterculiaceae Dodecatheon redolens (H.M.Hall) Dolichothele albescens (Tiegel) Backeb. H.J.Thompson Cactaceae Dombeya tiliacea (Endl.) Planch. Primulaceae See: Mammillaria albescens Tiegel Sterculiaceae ◆ Weed angustissima DC. Dolichothele longimamma (DC.) Sapindaceae Britton & Rose Dombeya wallichii (Lindl.) Benth. Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Cactaceae & Hook. f. Sterculiaceae Sapindaceae Dolichothele sphaerica (A. Dietr.) ◆ Weed - Nn - 5 Britton & Rose fascicularis J.R.Forster Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. ‘Purpurea’ Cactaceae & G.Forster Sapindaceae = Mammillaria sphaerica A.Dietr. Donatiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Dolichothele surculosa (Boed.) Bckbg. Donax canniformis (G.Forst.) K.Schum. Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) Nees ex Buxb. Marantaceae Asteraceae Cactaceae Doodia dives Kze. See: Aster umbellatus Miller Dolichothele zephyranthoides Blechnaceae Dolichandrone alba (Sim) Sprague (Scheidw.) Backeb. Doritis pulcherrima Lindl. Bignoniaceae Cactaceae Orchidaceae Dolichandrone spathacea (L. f.) Dombeya acutangula Cav. Doronicum austriacum Jacq. K.Schum. Sterculiaceae Asteraceae Bignoniaceae Dombeya buettneri K.Schum. ◆ Weed - 2 Dolichandrone stipulata (Wall.) Benth. Sterculiaceae Doronicum caucasicum M.Bieb. & Hook. f. Dombeya burgessiae Gerrard ex Harv. Asteraceae Bignoniaceae Sterculiaceae = Doronicum orientale Hoffm. Dolichos bicontortus Dur. ◆ Weed Doronicum columnae Ten. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dombeya cacuminum Hochr. Asteraceae ◆ Dolichos capensis L. Sterculiaceae Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dombeya calantha Schum. Doronicum X excelsum (N.E.Br.) Stace Dolichos carnosus A.Cheval. Sterculiaceae Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dombeya X cayeuxii André Doronicum grandiflorum Lamarck Dolichos debilis Hochst. ex A.Rich. Sterculiaceae Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dombeya cymosa Harv. Doronicum orientale Hoffm. Dolichos formosus Hochst. ex A.Rich. Sterculiaceae Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Doronicum caucasicum M.Bieb. ◆ Weed - 3 Dombeya dregeana Sond. ◆ Weed - 2 Sterculiaceae Dolichos giganteus Willd. Doronicum pardalianches L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dombeya ianthotricha Arènes Asteraceae Sterculiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Dolichos lablab L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dombeya kirkii Mast. Doronicum plantagineum L. = Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet Sterculiaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Dombeya macrantha Baker Dolichos lignosus L. Sterculiaceae Dorotheanthus bellidiformis (Burm. f.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae N.E.Br. Dombeya mastersii Hook. f. = Dipogon lignosus (L.) Verdc. Aizoaceae Sterculiaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 3 Dombeya mollis Hook. Dolichos martinicensis Jacq. ex Medic. Dorotheanthus oculatus N.E.Br. Sterculiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aizoaceae Dombeya natalensis Sond. Dolichos sericeus E.Meyer Dorstenia alta Engl. Sterculiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Moraceae

166 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Dorstenia contrajerva L. Draba aizoides L. Dracaena angustifolia (Medik.) Roxb. Moraceae Brassicaceae Agavaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Dorstenia elata Hook. Draba aizoon Wahlenb. Dracaena arborea (Willd.) Link Moraceae Brassicaceae Agavaceae Dorstenia foetida (Forssk.) Schweinf. Draba aurea M.Vahl. Dracaena bicolor Hook. f. Moraceae Brassicaceae Agavaceae Dorstenia turnerifolia Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Draba borealis DC. Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep. Moraceae Brassicaceae Agavaceae D Dorycnium broussonetii Webb & Berth. Draba cappadocica Boiss. & Bal. Dracaena cincta Baker Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Brassicaceae Agavaceae Dorycnium graecum (L.) Ser. Draba cinerea Adams Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Brassicaceae S.C.Chen Agavaceae Dorycnium hirsutum (L.) Ser. Draba cretica Boiss. & Heldr. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Brassicaceae Dracaena compacta Baker See: Lotus hirsutus L. Agavaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Draba daurica DC. Brassicaceae Dracaena concinna Kunth Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. = Draba glabella Pursh Agavaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Draba densifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray Dracaena deremensis Engl. Brassicaceae Agavaceae Dorycnium rectum (L.) Ser. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Draba glabella Pursh ◆ Weed - N - 2 Brassicaceae Dracaena draco (L.) L. See: Draba daurica DC. Agavaceae Dorycnopsis abyssinica (A.Rich.) See: Dracaena ombet Kotschy & Peyr. V.N.Tikhom. & D.D.Sokoloff Draba haynaldii Stur ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Brassicaceae Dracaena ellenbeckiana Engl. Doryopteris nobilis (T.Moore) C.Chr. Draba hispanica Boiss. Agavaceae Pteridaceae Brassicaceae Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl. Doryopteris palmata (Willd.) J.Sm. Draba incana L. Agavaceae Pteridaceae Brassicaceae See: Dracaena massangeana E.Morr. ◆ Weed Doryopteris pedata (L.) Fee ◆ Weed - 2 Pteridaceae Draba lasiocarpa Rochel Dracaena godseffiana Baker Brassicaceae Douglasia laevigata Gray Agavaceae Primulaceae Draba nemorosa L. = Dracaena surculosa Lindl. Dovyalis caffra (Hook. f. & Harv.) Warb. Brassicaceae Dracaena goldieana W.Bull ◆ Flacourtiaceae Weed - N - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Agavaceae See: Aberia caffra Hook. f. & Harv., Draba oligosperma Hook. Dracaena hookeriana K.Koch Dovyalis capra nom. inval. Brassicaceae Agavaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Draba parnassica Boiss. & Heldr. Dracaena marginata Lam. Dovyalis capra nom. inval. Brassicaceae Agavaceae Flacourtiaceae ◆ Weed = Dovyalis caffra (J.D.Hook. Draba ramosissima Desv. & Harvey) Warb. Brassicaceae Dracaena massangeana E.Morr. Agavaceae Dovyalis hebecarpa (Gardner) Warb. Draba sauteri Hoppe = Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl. Flacourtiaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Dracaena ombet Kotschy & Peyr. Weed - 1 - 2 Draba sphaeroides Payson Agavaceae Dovyalis rhamnoides (Burch. ex DC.) Brassicaceae = Dracaena draco Linn. Harv. Draba stellata Jacq. ◆ Weed Flacourtiaceae Brassicaceae Dracaena phrynioides Hook. Downingia pulchella (Lindl.) Torr. Draba verna L. Agavaceae Campanulaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed Dracaena reflexa Lam. See: Erophila verna (L.) Chevall. Agavaceae Doxantha capreolata (L.) Miers ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 ◆ Weed Bignoniaceae Dracaena afromontana Mildbr. Dracaena sanderiana Sander ex Mast. Doxantha unguis-cati (L.) Miers Agavaceae Agavaceae Bignoniaceae Dracaena americana Donn.Sm. = Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) Dracaena schizantha Baker Agavaceae A.H.Gentry Agavaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 167 Dracaena surculosa Lindl. Dracophyllum pubescens Cheeseman Drimys lanceolata (Poir.) Baill. Agavaceae Epacridaceae See: Dracaena goldieana W.Bull Dracophyllum ramosum Pancher Drimys piperita Hook. f. Dracocephalum altaiense Laxm. ex Brongn. & Griseb. Winteraceae Lamiaceae Epacridaceae Drimys stipitata Vickery Dracocephalum argunense Fisch. Dracophyllum traversii Hook. f. Winteraceae ex Link Epacridaceae Drimys winteri J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Lamiaceae Dracophyllum verticillatum Labill. Winteraceae Dracocephalum bullatum Forrest Epacridaceae D Drimys xerophila P.Parm. ex Diels Dracula bella (Rchb. f.) Luer Winteraceae Lamiaceae Orchidaceae Drosanthemum bicolor L.Bolus Dracocephalum grandiflorum L. Dracula chimaera (Rchb. f.) Luer Aizoaceae Lamiaceae Orchidaceae Drosanthemum calycinum (Haw.) Dracocephalum heterophyllum Benth. Dracunculus canariensis Kunth Schwantes Lamiaceae Araceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed Dracunculus muscivorus (L. f.) Parl. Drosanthemum candens (Haw.) Dracocephalum imberbe Bunge Araceae Schwantes Lamiaceae = Helicodiceros muscivorus (L. f.) Aizoaceae Dracocephalum moldavica L. Engler ◆ Weed - N - 1A Lamiaceae Dracunculus vulgaris Schott Drosanthemum flammeum (L.) Bolus See: Dracocephalum moldavicum Araceae Aizoaceae C.Morr. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 Drosanthemum floribundum (Haw.) Dregea sinensis Hemsl. Schwantes Dracocephalum moldavicum C.Morr. Asclepiadaceae Aizoaceae Lamiaceae See: = Dracocephalum moldavica L. Drejerella guttata (Brandegee) Bremek. floribundum Haw. Acanthaceae Dracocephalum nutans L. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Lamiaceae Drepanostachyum asper (Stapleton) Drosanthemum hallii (L.) Bolus ◆ Weed Demoly Aizoaceae Poaceae Dracocephalum ruyschiana L. Drosanthemum hispidum (L.) Schwant. Lamiaceae Drepanostachyum falcatum (Nees) Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Keng f. ◆ Weed - 5 Poaceae Dracontium dressleri Croat Drosanthemum lavisii (L.) Bolus Araceae Drepanostachyum porcatum Aizoaceae (Stapleton) Demoly Dracontium foecundum J.D.Hook. Poaceae Drosanthemum micans (L.) Schwantes Araceae Aizoaceae Drimia depressa (Baker) Jessop Dracontium foetidum L. Liliaceae Drosanthemum speciosum (Haw.) Araceae Schwantes Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn Dracontium gigas Engl. Aizoaceae Liliaceae Araceae ◆ Weed Drimia nitida Ecklon Dracontium polyphyllum L. Drosanthemum striatum Schwantes Liliaceae Araceae Aizoaceae Drimia zombensis Baker Dracophilus dealbatus (N.E.Br.) Walg. admirabilis P.Debbert ex Diels Liliaceae Aizoaceae Droseraceae Drimiopsis botryoides Baker Dracophilus delaetianus (Dinter) Drosera affinis Welw. ex Oliv. Liliaceae Dinter & Schwantes Droseraceae Aizoaceae Drimiopsis kirkii Baker Drosera aliciae R.Hamet Liliaceae Dracophilus montis-draconis (Dinter) Droseraceae Dinter & Schwantes Drimiopsis maculata Lindl. & Paxton ◆ Weed Aizoaceae Liliaceae Drosera anglica Huds. ◆ Weed - N Dracophilus proximus (L.Bolus) Walg. Droseraceae Aizoaceae Drimiopsis maxima Baker ◆ Weed Liliaceae Dracophyllum longifolium (J.R. Drosera burkeana Planch. & G.Forst.) R.Br. Drimys aromatica (R.Br. ex DC.) F.Müell. Droseraceae Epacridaceae Winteraceae Drosera caledonica Viell. ex Diels Dracophyllum paludosum Cockayne Drimys colorata Raoul Droseraceae Epacridaceae Winteraceae = Drosera neocaledonica R.Hamet

168 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Drosera X californica Cheek Drosera venusta P.Debbert atrata hort. Droseraceae Droseraceae Dryopteridaceae = Drosera filiformis Raf. var. filiformis = Drosera natalensis Diels = (Franch. X Drosera filiformis Raf. var. tracyi & Sav.) C.Chr. Drosophyllum lusitanicum (L.) Link (Macf.) Diels Droseraceae Dryopteris austriaca auct. Drosera capensis L. ◆ Weed Dryopteridaceae Droseraceae = Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) Dryadella zebrina (Porsch) Luer ◆ Weed A.Gray Orchidaceae Drosera capillaris Poir. Dryopteris bissetiana (Baker) C.Chr. Dryandra formosa R.Br. Droseraceae Dryopteridaceae D Proteaceae Drosera cistiflora L. ◆ Weed - Nn Dryopteris blandfordii (Hope.) C.Chr. Droseraceae Dryopteridaceae Dryas drummondii Richardson ex Hook. Drosera collinsiae Brown ex Burtt Davy Rosaceae Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson Droseraceae Dryopteridaceae Dryas octopetala L. Drosera dielsiana Exell & Laundon Rosaceae Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P.Fuchs Droseraceae See: Dryas punctata Juz. Dryopteridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Drosera filiformis Raf. Dryas punctata Juz. Droseraceae Rosaceae Dryopteris caucasica (A.Braun) Fraser- See: Drosera tracyi Macfarlane = Dryas octopetala L. ssp. punctata Jenk. & Corley (Juz.) Hulten Dryopteridaceae Drosera intermedia Hayne Droseraceae Drymophloeus beguinii (Burret) Dryopteris championii (Benth.) C.Chr. ◆ Weed H.E.Moore ex Ching Arecaceae Dryopteridaceae Drosera madagascariensis DC. Droseraceae Drymophloeus hentyi (Essig) Zona Dryopteris cochleata (D.Don) C.Chr. Arecaceae Dryopteridaceae Drosera montana St.Hil. Droseraceae Drymophloeus litigiosus (Becc.) Dryopteris commixta Tagawa H.E.Moore Dryopteridaceae Drosera natalensis Diels Arecaceae Droseraceae Dryopteris corleyi Fraser-Jenk. See: Drosera venusta P.Debbert Drymophloeus oliviformis (Giseke) Dryopteridaceae Mart. Drosera neocaledonica R.Hamet Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai Arecaceae Droseraceae Dryopteridaceae See: Drosera caledonica Viell. ex Diels Drymophloeus pachycladus (Burret) Dryopteris cristata (L.) A.Gray ◆ Weed H.E.Moore Dryopteridaceae Arecaceae ◆ Drosera oblanceolata Y.Z.Ruan Weed - 2 Droseraceae Drymophloeus subdistichus Dryopteris cycadina (Franch. & Sav.) (H.E.Moore) H.E.Moore Drosera X obovata Mertens &.Koch C.Chr. Arecaceae Droseraceae Dryopteridaceae = Drosera rotundifolia L. X Drosera Drymotaenium miyoshianum (Makino) See: Dryopteris atrata hort. ◆ anglica Huds. Makino Weed Polypodiaceae Drosera ramentacea Burch. Dryopteris dentata (Forsk.) C.Christens. Droseraceae Drynaria bonii H.Christ Dryopteridaceae Polypodiaceae = Thelypteris dentata (Forssk.) Drosera regia Stephens E.St.John Droseraceae Drynaria heracleum Moore Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A.Gray Polypodiaceae Drosera roraimae (Klotzsch ex Diels) Dryopteridaceae Maguire & Laundon Drynaria willdenowii (Bory) Moore See: Dryopteris austriaca auct. Droseraceae Polypodiaceae ◆ Weed Drosera rotundifolia L. Dryobalanops aromatica C.F.Gaertn. Dryopteris erythrosora (Eaton) Kuntze Droseraceae Dipterocarpaceae Dryopteridaceae Drosera rubrifolia Debbert Dryopteris affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. Dryopteris expansa (C.Presl) Droseraceae Dryopteridaceae C.R.Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy ◆ Weed Dryopteridaceae Drosera slakii Cheek. See: Dryopteris assimilis S. Walker Droseraceae Dryopteris aitoniana Pic.Ser. Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott Drosera tracyi Macfarlane Dryopteridaceae Droseraceae Dryopteris assimilis S. Walker ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 = Drosera filiformis Raf. var. tracyi Dryopteridaceae (Macf. ex Diels) Diels = Dryopteris expansa (C.Presl) Dryopteris formosana (H.Christ) C.Chr. C.R.Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy Dryopteridaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 169 Dryopteris fuscipes C.Chr. Dryopteris stewartii Fraser-Jenk. Dudleya traskiae (Rose) Moran Dryopteridaceae Dryopteridaceae Crassulaceae Dryopteris goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) Dryopteris sublacera H.Christ Dudleya verityi K.Nakai A.Gray Dryopteridaceae Crassulaceae Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris tokyoensis C.Christ. Dudleya virens (Rose) Moran Dryopteris gracilipes (Copel.) C.Chr. Dryopteridaceae Crassulaceae Dryopteridaceae See: Dudleya hassei (Rose) Moran Dryopteris uniformis (Makino) Makino Dryopteris guanchica Gibby & Jermy Dryopteridaceae Dumasia truncata Sieb. & Zucc. D Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris varia (L.) Kuntze Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dryopteris gymnosora (Makino) C.Chr. Dryopteridaceae Dunalia australis (Griseb.) Sleumer Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris villarii (Bellardi) Woynar ex Solanaceae = Iochroma australe Griseb. Dryopteris hadanoi Kurata Schinz & Thell. Dryopteridaceae Dryopteridaceae Dunalia fasciculata (Miers) Sleumer Solanaceae Dryopteris hirtipes (Blume) Kuntze Dryopteris wallichiana (Spreng.) Hyl. Dryopteridaceae Dryopteridaceae Dunalia tubulosa (Bentham) J.F.Macbr. Solanaceae Dryopteris hondoensis Koidzumi Duabanga grandiflora (Roxb. ex DC.) Dryopteridaceae Walp. erecta L. Lythraceae Verbenaceae Dryopteris juxtaposita H.Christ See: Duranta repens L., Duranta Dryopteridaceae Dubautia raillardioides Hbd. Asteraceae variegata Juss. Dryopteris labordei (H.Christ) C.Chr. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Dryopteridaceae Dubouzetia confusa Guillaumin & Virot Elaeocarpaceae Duranta lorentzii Griseb. Dryopteris lacera (Thunb.) Kuntze Verbenaceae Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke Dryopteridaceae Rosaceae Duranta mutisii L. f. Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A.Gray See: Fragaria indica Andrews Verbenaceae Dryopteridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Duranta repens L. ◆ Weed - 2 Duckeodendron cestroides Kuhlm Verbenaceae Dryopteris oligodonta (Desv.) Pic.-Serm. Duckeodendraceae = L. Dryopteridaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A Dudleya abramsii Rose Dryopteris pacifica (Nakai) Tagawa Crassulaceae Duranta stenostachya Tod. Dryopteridaceae See: Dudleya bettinae Hoover Verbenaceae Dryopteris paleacea (Sw.) Hand.-Mazz. Dudleya bettinae Hoover Duranta variegata Juss. Dryopteridaceae Crassulaceae Verbenaceae = Dudleya abramsii Rose ssp. = Duranta erecta L. Dryopteris pseudomas (Woll.) Holub bettinae (Hoover) J.Bartel & Pouzar Durio dulcis Becc. Dryopteridaceae Dudleya blochmanae (Eastw.) Moran Bombacaceae Crassulaceae Dryopteris purpurascens Christ Durio graveolens Becc. Dryopteridaceae Dudleya brittonii D.A.Johans. Bombacaceae Crassulaceae Dryopteris pycnopteroides (H.Christ) Durio kutejensis (Hassk.) Becc. C.Chr. Dudleya cymosa (Lem.) Britton & Rose Bombacaceae Dryopteridaceae Crassulaceae Durio oxleyanus Griff. Dryopteris raddeana (Fomin) Fomin Dudleya densiflora (Rose) Moran Bombacaceae Dryopteridaceae Crassulaceae Durio zibethinus L. Dryopteris remota (A.Braun ex Döll) Dudleya edulis (Nutt.) Moran Bombacaceae Druce Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Dryopteridaceae Dudleya hassei (Rose) Moran Duvalia caespitosa Haw. Dryopteris reptans (J.F.Gmel.) Crassulaceae Asclepiadaceae C.Christens. = Dudleya virens (Rose) Moran ssp. hassei (Rose) Moran Duvalia corderoyi (Hook. f.) N.E.Br. Dryopteridaceae Asclepiadaceae = Thelypteris reptans (J.F.Gmel.) Dudleya lanceolata (Nutt.) Britton Morton & Rose Duvalia eilensis Lavranos Crassulaceae Asclepiadaceae Dryopteris serrata (Cav.) C.Chr. Dryopteridaceae Dudleya nesiotica (Moran) Moran Duvalia parviflora N.E.Br. = Thelypteris serrata (Cav.) Alston Crassulaceae Asclepiadaceae Dryopteris sieboldii (T.Moore) Kuntze Dudleya pulverulenta (Nutt.) Britton Duvalia polita N.E.Br. Dryopteridaceae & Rose Asclepiadaceae Crassulaceae

170 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Duvalia pubescens N.E.Br. Dyckia remotiflora Otto & A.Dietr. Dypsis decipiens (Becc.) Beentje Asclepiadaceae Bromeliaceae & J.Dransf. Arecaceae Duvalia radiata Haw. Dyckia sulphurea K.Koch Asclepiadaceae Bromeliaceae Dypsis faneva H.Beentje Arecaceae Duvalia sulcata N.E.Br. Dyckia tuberosa (Vellozo) Beer Asclepiadaceae Bromeliaceae Dypsis fasciculata Jum. Arecaceae Duvernoia adhatodoides E.Mey. Dyckia velascana Mez ex Nees Bromeliaceae Dypsis fibrosa (C.H.Wright) Beentje Acanthaceae & J.Dransf. Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hook. f. D Arecaceae Dyckia altissima Lindl. Apocynaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed Dypsis forficifolia Mart. Arecaceae Dyckia argentea Mez Dymondia margaretae Compton Bromeliaceae Asteraceae Dypsis gracilis Bory ex Mart. Arecaceae Dyckia brevifolia Baker Dypsis acuminum (Jum.) Beentje Bromeliaceae & J.Dransf. Dypsis heterophylla Baker ◆ Weed Arecaceae Arecaceae Dyckia choristaminea Mez Dypsis albofarina Hodel & J.Marcus Dypsis hildebrandtii Becc. Bromeliaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Dyckia cinerea Mez Dypsis ambositrae H.Beentje Dypsis lanceolata (Becc.) Beentje Bromeliaceae Arecaceae & J.Dransf. Arecaceae Dyckia densiflora Schultes f. Dypsis ankaizinensis (Jum.) Beentje Bromeliaceae & J.Dransf. Dypsis lantzeana Baill. Arecaceae Arecaceae Dyckia distachya Hassler. Bromeliaceae Dypsis arenarum (Jum.) H.Beentje Dypsis lastelliana (Baill.) Beentje & J.Dransfield & J.Dransf. Dyckia encholirioides (Gaudichaud) Mez Arecaceae Arecaceae Bromeliaceae Dypsis baronii (Becc.) Beentje Dypsis leptocheilos (Hodel) Beentje Dyckia ferox Mez & J.Dransf. & J.Dransf. Bromeliaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Dyckia floribunda Griseb. Dypsis bejofo H.Beentje Dypsis leptocheilos (Hodel) Beentje Bromeliaceae Arecaceae & J.Dransf. X Dypsis decaryi (Jum.) Dyckia fosteriana L.B.Sm. Beentje & J.Dransf. Dypsis cabadae (H.E.Moore) Beentje Bromeliaceae Arecaceae & J.Dransf. Dyckia frigida Hook. f. Arecaceae Dypsis lokohoensis J.Dransfield Bromeliaceae Arecaceae Dypsis canaliculata (Jum.) H.Beentje Dyckia goiana L.B.Smith & J.Dransfield Dypsis loucoubensis (Jum.) comb. ined. Bromeliaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Dyckia ibiramensis Reitz. Dypsis carlsmithii J.Dransf & J.Marcus Dypsis lutea (Jum.) Beentje & J.Dransf. Bromeliaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Dyckia leptostachya Baker Dypsis catatiana (Baill.) Beentje Dypsis lutescens (H.Wendl.) Beentje & J.Dransf. Bromeliaceae & J.Dransf. Arecaceae Arecaceae Dyckia maritima Baker See: Areca lutescens Bory., Bromeliaceae Dypsis ceraceus (Jum.) Beentje Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H.Wendl. = Prionophyllum maritimum & J.Dransf. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 (Baker) Mez Arecaceae Dypsis madagascariensis (Becc.) Dyckia microcalyx Baker Dypsis concinna Baker Beentje & J.Dransf. Bromeliaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Dyckia niederleinii Mez Dypsis crinita (Jum. & H.Perrier) Bromeliaceae Beentje & J.Dransf. Dypsis malcomberi H.Beentje Arecaceae Arecaceae Dyckia platyphylla L.B.Smith Bromeliaceae Dypsis curtisii Baker Dypsis mananjarensis Jum. Arecaceae Arecaceae Dyckia platyphylla L.B.Sm. X Dyckia fosteriana L.B.Sm. Dypsis decaryi (Jum.) Beentje Dypsis mcdonaldiana H.Beentje Bromeliaceae & J.Dransf. Arecaceae Arecaceae Dyckia rariflora Schult. & Schult. f. Dypsis minuta H.Beentje Bromeliaceae Arecaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 171 Dypsis moorei H.Beentje Dyschoriste depressa Nees Arecaceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - N Dypsis nodifera Mart. Arecaceae Dyschoriste repens (Nees) Kuntze Acanthaceae Dypsis onilahensis (Jum. & H.Perrier) Beentje & J.Dransf. spectabile (G.Forst.) Hook. f. Arecaceae Meliaceae Dypsis oropedionis H.Beentje D Arecaceae Dypsis ovobontsira H.Beentje Arecaceae Dypsis paludosa J.Dransf. Arecaceae Dypsis pembana (H.E.Moore) H.Beentje & J.Dransfield Arecaceae Dypsis pinnatifrons Mart. Arecaceae Dypsis prestoniana H.Beentje Arecaceae Dypsis procera Jum. Arecaceae Dypsis psammophila H.Beentje Arecaceae Dypsis pulchella J.Dransf. Arecaceae Dypsis pusilla H.Beentje Arecaceae Dypsis remotiflora J.Dransfield Arecaceae Dypsis rivularis (Jum. & H.Perrier) Beentje & J.Dransf. Arecaceae Dypsis sahanofensis (Jum. & H.Perrier) H.Beentje & J.Dransf. Arecaceae Dypsis saintelucei H.Beentje Arecaceae Dypsis sambiranensis Jum. Arecaceae Dypsis sanctaemariae J.Dransfield Arecaceae Dypsis scottiana (Becc.) Beentje & J.Dransf. Arecaceae Dypsis soanieranae H.Beentje Arecaceae Dypsis tokoravina H.Beentje Arecaceae Dypsis tsaravoasira H.Beentje Arecaceae Dypsis utilis (Jum.) Beentje & J.Dransf. Arecaceae

172 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Elaphoglossum aemulum E Credit: Forest & Kim Starr Earina autumnalis (G.Forst.) Hook. f. Echeveria desmetiana L.De Smet Echeveria paniculata A.Gray Orchidaceae ex E.Morr. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Earina floripecten Kraenzl. Echeveria peacockii Baker Orchidaceae Echeveria elegans Rose Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Earina valida Rchb. f. Echeveria pilosa J.A.Purpus Orchidaceae Echeveria fulgens Lemaire Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Ebenus cretica L. Echeveria pubescens Schlecht. E Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Echeveria gibbiflora DC. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Ecballium elaterium (L.) A.Rich. Echeveria pulidonis E.Walther ◆ Weed - 3 Cucurbitaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Echeveria gigantea Rose & C.A.Purp. Echeveria pulvinata Rose Crassulaceae Eccremocactus rosei Kimnach Crassulaceae Cactaceae Echeveria gilva E.Walth Echeveria purpusorum Berger = Weberocereus rosei (Kimnach) Crassulaceae Buxb. Crassulaceae Echeveria glauca Baker ex Rose Echeveria racemosa Cham. & Schltdl. Eccremocarpus scaber Ruiz & Pav. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Bignoniaceae = Echeveria secunda Booth ex Lindl. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Echeveria rosea Lindl. Echeveria globulosa Moran Crassulaceae Echeveria affinis E.Walther Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Echeveria runyonii Rose ex E.Walther Echeveria halbingeri E.Walther Crassulaceae Echeveria agavoides Lem. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Echeveria scopulorum Rose Echeveria harmsii J.F.Macbr. Echeveria albicans E.Walther Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Echeveria secunda Booth Echeveria X imbricata Deleuil ex E.Morr. Echeveria amoena De Smet ex E.Morr. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed Echeveria laui R.Moran & J.Meyran Echeveria atropurpurea Baker Echeveria setosa Rose & Purpus Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Echeveria leucotricha J.A.Purpus ◆ Weed Echeveria australis Rose Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Echeveria shaviana E.Walth. Echeveria lilacina Kimn. & Moran Crassulaceae Echeveria bella Alexander Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Echeveria spectabilis Alexander Echeveria lindsayana E.Walther Crassulaceae Echeveria carnicolor E.Morr. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Echeveria subcorymbosa M.Kimnach Echeveria chihuahuaensis Poelln. Echeveria linguaefolia Lem. & R.V.Moran Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Echeveria ciliata Moran Echeveria minima J.Meyrán Echeveria subrigida (B.L.Rob. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae & Seaton) Rose Crassulaceae Echeveria clavifolia Berger Echeveria montana Rose ex Britton Crassulaceae & Rose Echeveria subsessilis Rose Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Echeveria coccinea (Cav.) DC. Crassulaceae Echeveria mucronata (Baker) Schltdl. Echeveria tolimanensis Matuda Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Echeveria crenulata Rose ◆ Weed Crassulaceae Echeveria tolucensis Rose Echeveria multicaulis Rose Crassulaceae Echeveria cuspidata Rose ex Britton Crassulaceae Echeveria trianthina Rose & Rose ◆ Weed Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Echeveria nodulosa (Baker) Ed.Otto Echeveria turgida Rose Echeveria dactylifera Walther Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Echeveria pallida E.Walther Echeveria violescens E.Walther Echeveria derenbergii J.Purpus Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 173 Echidnopsis cereiformis Hook. f. Echinocactus platyacanthus Link & Otto Echinocereus dubius (Engelm.) Engelm. Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae ex Rumpl. See: Echinocactus grandis Rose, Cactaceae Echidnopsis dammanniana Sprenger Echinocactus ingens Zucc., = Echinocereus enneacanthus Asclepiadaceae Echinocactus visnaga Hook. Engelm. Echidnopsis framesii A.White & Sloane Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. Echinocereus ehrenbergii (Pfeiff.) Asclepiadaceae & Bigelow Rümpler Echidnopsis montana (R.A.Dyer Cactaceae Cactaceae & E.A.Bruce) P.R.O.Bally Echinocactus texensis Hopffer Echinocereus engelmannii (Engelm.) Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Lemaire Echidnopsis radians M.Bellerue-Bleck See: Homalocephala texensis Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae (Hopffer) Britton & Rose E Echinocereus enneacanthus Engelm. ◆ Weed Echidnopsis scutellata A.Berger Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae Echinocactus villosus Lem. ex Salm-Dyck See: Echinocereus dubius (Engelm.) Cactaceae Engelm. ex Rumpl., Echinocereus Echidnopsis serpentina (Nel) A.White merkeri Hildm. ex K.Schum. & Sloane Echinocactus visnaga Hook. Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Echinocereus fendleri (Engelm.) = Echinocactus platyacanthus Link Rumpler Echidnopsis sharpei A.White & Sloane & Otto Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae Echinocereus acifer (Otto) Lem. Echinocereus ferreirianus H.E.Gates Echinacea angustifolia DC. Bravo s.n. Cactaceae Asteraceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed Echinocereus fitchii Britton & Rose Echinocereus adustus Engelm. Cactaceae Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. Cactaceae See: Echinocereus melanocentrus Asteraceae J.Lowry nom. inval. ◆ Weed Echinocereus albiflorus Weing. Cactaceae Echinocereus gentryi Clover Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench Cactaceae Asteraceae Echinocereus barthelowanus Britton ◆ Weed & Rose Echinocereus huitcholensis Cactaceae (F.A.C.Weber) Gürke Echinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small Cactaceae Asteraceae Echinocereus berlandieri (Engelm.) Haage f. Echinocereus knippelianus Liebner Echinocactus alteolens (Salm-Dyck) Cactaceae Cactaceae K.Schum. Cactaceae Echinocereus brandegeei (Coult.) Echinocereus laui G.R.W.Frank = Discocactus placentiformis K.Schum. Cactaceae (Lehm.) K.Schum. Cactaceae Echinocereus leonensis (Mathsson) Echinocactus grandis Rose Echinocereus bristolii W.T.Marshall Mathsson Cactaceae Schwarz ex Backeb. Cactaceae = Echinocactus platyacanthus Link Cactaceae Echinocereus leucanthus N.P.Taylor & Otto Echinocereus chisoensis W.T.Marshall Cactaceae Echinocactus grusonii Hildm. Cactaceae Echinocereus lindsayi J.Meyran Cactaceae Echinocereus chloranthus (Engelm.) Cactaceae Echinocactus haselbergii F.Haage Haage f. Echinocereus maritimus (M.E.Jones) ex Rumpler Cactaceae K.Schum. Cactaceae = Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelm. Cactaceae var. cylindricus (Engelm.) Rumpl. Echinocactus horizonthalonius Lem. Echinocereus melanocentrus J.Lowry Cactaceae Echinocereus cinerascens Lem. nom. inval. Cactaceae Echinocactus ingens Zucc. Cactaceae Cactaceae Echinocereus coccineus Engelm. = Echinocereus fitchii Britton & Rose = Echinocactus platyacanthus Link Cactaceae Echinocereus merkeri Hildm. & Otto Echinocereus conglomeratus Forster ex K.Schum. Echinocactus leninghausii K.Schum. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Echinocereus stramineus = Echinocereus enneacanthus (Engelm.) f. Seitz Engelm. Echinocactus mexicanus (Glass & W.A.Fitz Maur.) J.J.Halda Echinocereus dasyacanthus Engelm. Echinocereus nivosus Glass & R.A.Foster Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Echinocereus delaetii (Gürke) Gürke Echinocereus papillosus Linke ex Rumpl. Cactaceae Cactaceae

174 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Echinocereus pectinatus (Scheidw.) Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc. Engelm. Cactaceae & Chase Cactaceae See: Echinocereus rosei Wooton Poaceae & Standl. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A - 5 Echinocereus pensilis (K.Brandegee) J.A.Purpus Echinocereus tulensis Bravo Echinochloa stagnina (Retz.) P.Beauv. Cactaceae Cactaceae Poaceae See: Morangaya pensilis ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Echinocereus viereckii Werderm. (K.Brandegee) G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Echinochloa utilis Ohwi & Yabuno Echinocereus pentalophus (DC.) Lem. Poaceae Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelm. Cactaceae = Echinochloa esculenta (A.Braun) Cactaceae H.Scholz Echinocereus polyacanthus Engelm. See: Echinocereus chloranthus ◆ Weed Cactaceae (Engelm.) Haage f. E Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A.Heller Echinocereus poselgeri Lem. Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Poaceae Cactaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed See: Wilcoxia poselgeri (Lem.) ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Britton & Rose Echinodorus andrieuxii (Hook. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. & Arnott) Small Echinocereus pulchellus K.Schum. Poaceae Alismataceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Echinodorus bathii H.Mühlberg Echinocereus reichenbachii (Terscheck Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Kunth) Alismataceae ex Walp.) Haage Schult. = Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb. Cactaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A - 5 Echinocereus rigidissimus (Engelm.) Echinodorus berteroi (Spreng.) Fassett Haage Echinochloa elliptica P.W.Michael Alismataceae Cactaceae & Vickery ◆ Weed - 3 Poaceae Echinocereus X roetteri (Engelm.) ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Echinodorus bolivianus (Rusby) Engelm. ex Rumpler Holm-Niels. Cactaceae Echinochloa esculenta (A.Braun) Alismataceae H.Scholz Echinocereus rosei Wooton & Standl. ◆ Weed - 1 Poaceae Cactaceae See: Echinochloa utilis Ohwi Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb. = Echinocereus triglochidiatus & Yabuno Alismataceae Engelm. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A See: Echinodorus bathii Echinocereus scheeri (Salm-Dyck) Scheer H.Mühlberg, Echinodorus radicans Echinochloa frumentacea Link Cactaceae (Nutt.) Engelm., Echinodorus Poaceae schlueteri K.Rataj Echinocereus schmollii (Weing.) See: Panicum frumentaceum Roxb. ◆ Weed N.P.Taylor nom. illeg. Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb. X Echinodorus uruguayensis Arechav. Echinocereus sciurus (K.Brandeg.) Dams Echinochloa microstachya (Wieg.) Rydb. Alismataceae Cactaceae Poaceae = Echinochloa muricata (Michx.) Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. Echinocereus scopulorum Britton Fernald var. microstachya (Beauv.) & Schltdl.) Micheli & Rose Fern. Wieg. Alismataceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed Echinocereus spinigemmatus A.B.Lau Echinochloa muricata (Michx.) Fernald Echinodorus grisebachii Small Cactaceae Poaceae Alismataceae Echinocereus stoloniferus See: Echinochloa microstachya Echinodorus horizontalis Rataj W.T.Marshall (Wieg.) Rydb. Alismataceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Echinodorus horizontalis Rataj X Echinocereus stramineus (Engelm.) Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch Echinodorus uruguayensis Arechav. f. Seitz Poaceae Alismataceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 See: Echinocereus conglomeratus Echinodorus latifolius (Seub.) Rataj Echinochloa polystachya (Kunth) Forster Alismataceae Hitchc. ◆ Weed - 1 Echinocereus subinermis Salm-Dick Poaceae Cactaceae See: Panicum spectabile Nees Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Micheli Echinocereus tayopensis W.T.Marshall Alismataceae Cactaceae Echinochloa praestans Michael Poaceae Echinodorus martii Micheli ◆ Weed - N Alismataceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 175 Echinodorus osiris Rataj Echinops cornigerus DC. Echinopsis arachnacantha (Buining Alismataceae Asteraceae & F.Ritter) H.Friedrich ◆ Weed - 1 Cactaceae Echinops exaltatus Schrad. See: Lobivia arachnacantha Buining Echinodorus radicans (Nutt.) Engelm. Asteraceae & F.Ritter, Pseudolobivia Alismataceae ◆ Weed - 2 kratochviliana (Backeb.) Backeb. = Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb. Echinops gmelinii Turcz. Echinopsis atacamensis (Phil.) Friedrich Echinodorus rubra hort. Asteraceae & G.D.Rowley Alismataceae ◆ Weed - 3 Cactaceae = Echinodorus uruguayensis Echinops hoehnelii Schweinf. Arechav. Echinopsis aurea Britton & Rose Asteraceae Cactaceae Echinodorus schlueteri K.Rataj Echinops horridus Desf. See: Lobivia aurea (Britton & Rose) E Alismataceae Asteraceae Backeb. = Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb. Echinops humilis M.Bieb. Echinopsis ayopayana F.Ritter & Rausch Echinodorus subalatus (Mart.) Griseb. Asteraceae Cactaceae Alismataceae ◆ Weed = Echinopsis comarapana Cárdenas Echinodorus tenellus (Mart.) Buchenau Echinops latifolius Tausch Echinopsis backebergii Werderm. Alismataceae Asteraceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed See: Lobivia backebergii Echinodorus uruguayensis Arechav. (Werdermann) Backeb., Lobivia Echinops microcephalus Sibth. & Sm. Alismataceae wrightiana Backeb. Asteraceae See: Echinodorus rubra hort. ◆ Weed Echinopsis bertramiana (Backb.) ◆ Weed - 1 H.Friedrich & Rowley Echinops niveus Wall. ex DC. Echinofossulocactus caespitosus Cactaceae Asteraceae Backeb. Echinopsis boyuibensis F.Ritter Cactaceae Echinops platylepis Trautv. Cactaceae = Stenocactus obvallatus A.Berger Asteraceae Echinopsis breviflora (Backeb.) M.Lowry Echinofossulocactus coptonogonus Echinops ritro L. Cactaceae Lawrence Asteraceae Cactaceae See: Echinops ruthenicus M.Bieb. Echinopsis bruchii (Britton & Rose) = Stenocactus coptonogonus ◆ Weed A.Cast. & Lelong A.Berger Cactaceae Echinops ruthenicus M.Bieb. See: Soehrensia bruchii (Britton & Echinomastus erectocentrus Asteraceae Rose) Bckbg., Soehrensia grandis (J.M.Coult.) Britton & Rose = Echinops ritro L. ssp. ruthenicus (Britton & Rose) Backeb., Trichocereus Cactaceae (M.Bieb.) Nyman bruchii (Britton & Rose) F.Ritter = Sclerocactus erectocentrus ◆ Weed (J.M.Coult.) N.P.Taylor Echinopsis bruchii (Britton & Rose) Echinops sphaerocephalus L. A.Cast. & Lelong X Echinopsis Echinomastus gautii (L.D.Benson) Asteraceae formosa (Pfeiff.) Jacobi Mosco & Zanov. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3 - 5 Cactaceae Cactaceae Echinops spinosissimus Turra Echinopsis cabrerae (R.Kiesling) Echinomastus laui G.Frank & Zecher Asteraceae G.D.Rowley Cactaceae ◆ Weed Cactaceae = Sclerocactus unguispinus Echinops spinosus L. (Engelmann) N.P.Taylor Echinopsis caespitosa J.A.Purpus Asteraceae Cactaceae Echinomastus macdowellii (Reb.) ◆ Weed Britton & Rose Echinopsis caineana (Cárdenas) Echinops strigosus L. Cactaceae D.R.Hunt Asteraceae = Thelocactus macdowellii (Rebut Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ex Quehl) W.T.Marsh. Echinopsis callichroma Cárdenas Echinopsis ancistrophora Speg. Echinomastus mariposensis Hester Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Pseudolobivia ancistrophora Echinopsis calochlora Schum. = Sclerocactus mariposensis (Hester) (Speg.) Backeb. ex Krainz Cactaceae N.P.Taylor ◆ Weed Echinopsis angelesiae (R.Kiesling) Echinomastus unguispinus Engelm. G.D.Rowley Echinopsis calorubra Cárdenas Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Sclerocactus unguispinus See: Trichocereus angelesii R.Kiesling (Engelmann) N.P.Taylor Echinopsis camarguensis (Cárdenas) Echinopsis antezanae (Cárdenas) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Echinops bannaticus Rochel ex Schrad. H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Asteraceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 2

176 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Echinopsis candicans (Gillies ex Salm- Echinopsis densispina Werderm. Echinopsis jajoiana R.Blossfeld Dyck) F.A.C.Weber ex D.R.Hunt Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Echinopsis deserticola (Werderm.) Echinopsis kermesina (Krainz) Krainz See: Trichocereus candicans (Gillies Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Cactaceae ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose Cactaceae = Echinopsis mamillosa Gürke Echinopsis cardenasiana (Rausch) See: Trichocereus fulvilanus F.Ritter Echinopsis knuthiana (Backeb.) Friedrich Echinopsis X duvalli R.M Friedrich & G.Rowley Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Echinopsis carmineiflora (Hoffm. Echinopsis elongata (Backeb.) Echinopsis lageniformis (Forst.) & Backeb.) H.Friedrich H.Friedrich & W.Glaetzle H.Friedrich & Rowley Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Echinopsis catamarcensis F.A.C.Weber See: Trichocereus bridgesii Britton E Echinopsis escayachensis (Cárdenas) Cactaceae & Rose H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Echinopsis cephalomacrostibas Cactaceae Echinopsis lateritia Gürke (Werderm. & Backeberg) Friedrich Cactaceae Echinopsis eyriesii Pfeiff. & Otto & G.Rowley Cactaceae Echinopsis leucantha (Gillies ex Salm- Cactaceae ◆ Weed Dyck) Walp. Echinopsis chalaensis (Rauh & Backeb.) Cactaceae Echinopsis fabrisii (R.Kiesling) Friedrich & G.Rowley G.D.Rowley Echinopsis leucorhodantha Backeb. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Echinopsis chamaecereus Friedrich Echinopsis famatimensis (Speg.) Echinopsis litoralis (Johow) Friedrich & G.Rowley Werderm. & Rowl Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Chamaecereus silvestrii (Speg.) = Rebutia famatinensis Speg. Britton & Rose, Lobivia silvestrii Echinopsis macrogona (Salm-Dyck) ex Hosseus (Speg.) Rowley Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Echinopsis ferox (Britton & Rose) Cactaceae Echinopsis chiloensis (Colla) Friedrich Backeb. & G.D.Rowley Echinopsis mamillosa Gürke Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Lobivia ferox Britton & Rose, See: Trichocereus chilensis Britton See: Echinopsis kermesina (Krainz) Pseudolobivia potosina (Werd.) & Rose, Trichocereus chiloensis Krainz, Pseudolobivia kermesina Backbg. ex Drainz (Colla) Britton Krainz Echinopsis formosa (Pfeiff.) Jacobi Echinopsis chrysantha Werderm. Echinopsis marsoneri Werdermann Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Trichocereus formosus (Pfeiff.) See: Lobivia chrysantha (Werderm.) See: Lobivia glauca Rausch, F.Ritter Backeb. in Backeb. & F.M.Knuth Lobivia jajoiana Backeb., Lobivia Echinopsis glauca (F.Ritter) Friedrich uitewaaleana Buining Echinopsis chrysochete Werderm. & G.Rowley Cactaceae Echinopsis maximiliana Heyder Cactaceae Cactaceae Echinopsis cinnabarina (Hook.) Labour. Echinopsis haematantha (Speg.) See: Lobivia caespitosa (J.A.Purpus) Cactaceae J.G.Lambert Britton & Rose Echinopsis comarapana Cárdenas Cactaceae Echinopsis mirabilis Speg. Cactaceae See: Lobivia drijveriana Backeb. Cactaceae See: Echinopsis ayopayana F.Ritter Echinopsis hertrichiana (Backeb.) See: Setiechinopsis mirabilis (Speg.) & Rausch D.R.Hunt De Haas Echinopsis conaconensis (Cárdenas) Cactaceae Echinopsis multiplex (Pfeiff.) Pfeiff. H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley See: Lobivia allegraiana Backeb., & Otto Cactaceae Lobivia hertrichiana Backeb. Cactaceae Echinopsis coquimbana (Molina) Echinopsis herzogiana (Card.) = (Link) Zucc. H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley H.Friedrich & Rowley ex Pfeiff. & Otto Cactaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Echinopsis coronata Cárdenas Echinopsis huascha (F.A.C.Weber) Echinopsis narvaecensis (Card.) Cactaceae H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley H.Friedrich & Rowley Cactaceae Cactaceae Echinopsis crassicaulis (Kiesling) See: Helianthocereus huascha H.Friedrich & W.Glaetzle Echinopsis nigra Backeb. (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb., Trichocereus Cactaceae Cactaceae huascha (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose Echinopsis cuzcoensis (Britton & Rose) Echinopsis obrepanda (Salm-Dyck) Echinopsis huotii (F.Cels) Labour. Friedrich & G.Rowley K.Schum. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 177 Echinopsis oligotricha (Cárdenas) Echinopsis rhodotricha Schum. Echinopsis taratensis (Cárdenas) M.Lowry Cactaceae H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Cactaceae Echinopsis rojasii Cardenas Echinopsis orozasana F.Ritter Cactaceae Echinopsis tarijensis (Vaupel) Cactaceae H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Echinopsis saltensis Speg. Cactaceae Echinopsis orurensis (Card.) Cactaceae See: Trichocereus tarijensis (Vaupel) H.Friedrich & Rowley Echinopsis sanguiniflora (Backeberg) Werderm. Cactaceae D.Hunt Echinopsis tarmaensis (Rauh & Backeb.) Echinopsis oxygona (Link) Zucc. Cactaceae Friedrich & G.Rowley ex Pfeiff. & Otto Echinopsis santaensis (Rauh & Backeb.) Cactaceae Cactaceae Friedrich & G.Rowley E See: Echinopsis multiplex (Pfeiff.) Echinopsis tegeleriana (Backeb.) Cactaceae Pfeiff. & Otto, Echinopsis D.R.Hunt paraguayensis Mundt ex F.Ritter Echinopsis schickendantzii Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N F.A.C.Weber Echinopsis terscheckii (Parm.) Friedrich Cactaceae Echinopsis pachanoi (Britton & Rose) & Rowley See: Trichocereus schickendantzii Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Britton & Rose, Trichocereus shaferi Cactaceae See: Trichocereus terscheckii (Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose See: Trichocereus pachanoi Britton Britton & Rose, Trichocereus & Rose, Trichocereus peruvianus Echinopsis schieliana (Backeb.) werdermannianus Backeb. Britton & Rose D.R.Hunt Echinopsis thelegona (F.A.C.Weber) ◆ Weed Cactaceae H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Echinopsis pampana (Britton & Rose) Echinopsis schoenii (Rauh & Backeb.) Cactaceae D.R.Hunt Friedrich & G.Rowley See: Trichocereus thelegonus Cactaceae Cactaceae (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose Echinopsis pamparuizii Cardenas Echinopsis schreiteri Werdermann Echinopsis thelegonoides (Speg.) Cactaceae Cactaceae H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Echinopsis paraguayensis Mundt Echinopsis semidenudata Card. ex F.Ritter Cactaceae Echinopsis thionantha (Spegazzini) Cactaceae D.R.Hunt Echinopsis silvestrii Speg. = Echinopsis oxygona (Link) Zucc. Cactaceae Cactaceae ex Pfeiff. & Otto See: Acanthocalycium aurantiacum Echinopsis skottsbergii (Back.) Rausch, Acanthocalycium ferrarii Echinopsis pasacana (F.A.C.Weber) Friedrich & Rowl Rausch, Acanthocalycium glaucum Friedrich & Rowley Cactaceae F.Ritter, Acanthocalycium Cactaceae thionanthum (Speg.) Backeb. See: Helianthocereus pasacanus Echinopsis smrziana Backeb. (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb., Trichocereus Cactaceae Echinopsis tiegeliana (Wessner) pasacana Britton & Rose See: Trichocereus smrzianus D.R.Hunt (Backeb.) F.Ritter Cactaceae Echinopsis pentlandii Salm-Dyck See: Lobivia peclardiana Krainz Cactaceae Echinopsis spachiana (Lem.) Friedr. See: Lobivia aculeata Buining, & Rowley Echinopsis toralapana Cárdenas Lobivia boliviensis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae Cactaceae Lobivia pentlandii (Salm-Dyck) See: Trichocereus santiaguensis Echinopsis trichosa (Cárdenas) Britton & Rose (Speg.) Backeb., Trichocereus H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley spachianus (Lem.) Ricc. Echinopsis polyancistra Backeb. Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 4 - 5 Cactaceae Echinopsis tubiflora (Pfeiff.) Zucc. Echinopsis stilowiana (Backeb.) Echinopsis pseudocandicans ex A.Dietr. J.G.Lamb. (R.Kiesling) H.Friedrich & Glaetzle Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Echinopsis tulhuayacensis (Ochoa Echinopsis strigosa (Salm-Dyck) Echinopsis pugionacantha Rose ex Backeb.) Friedrich & G.Rowley H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley & Bodeker Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Echinopsis tunariensis (Cárdenas) Echinopsis subdenudatus Cárdenas Echinopsis puquiensis (Rauh & H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Backeb.) Friedrich & G.Rowley Cactaceae Cactaceae Echinopsis tacaquirensis (Vaupel) Echinopsis uyupampensis (Backeb.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Echinopsis purpureopilosa (Weing.) Friedrich & G.Rowley Cactaceae H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Cactaceae Echinopsis taquimbalensis (Cárdenas) Echinopsis valida Monv. ex Salm-Dyck H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Echinopsis pygmaea R.E.Fries Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae

178 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Echinopsis vasquezii (Rausch) Echium onosmaefolium Webb & Berth. Edraianthus graminifolius A.DC. G.D.Rowley Boraginaceae Campanulaceae Cactaceae See: Edraianthus caricinus Schott, Echium pininana Webb & Berthel. Nyman & Kotschy Echinopsis vatteri (R.Kiesling) Boraginaceae G.D.Rowley ◆ Weed - 2 Edraianthus pumilio (Port.) A.DC Cactaceae Campanulaceae Echium plantagineum L. Echinopsis volliana (Backeb.) Boraginaceae Edraianthus serbicus Petrovic H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Campanulaceae Cactaceae Echium rosulatum Lange Edraianthus tenuifolius (Waldst. Echinopsis walteri (Kiesling) Boraginaceae & Kit.) A.DC. H.Friedrich & W.Glaetzle ◆ Weed Campanulaceae Cactaceae E Echium russicum J.F.Gmel. densa Planch. Echinopsis yuquina D.R.Hunt Boraginaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5A Echinospartum horridum (Vahl) Rothm. Echium simplex DC. Ehretia elliptica DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - N Ehretia retusa Wall. Echium acanthocarpum Svent. Echium strictum L. f. Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Ehretia rigida Druce Echium aculeatum Poir. Echium thyrsiflorum Mass. ex Link Boraginaceae ◆ Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Weed - 1 - 3 Echium auberianum Webb & Berthel. Echium virescens DC Ehretia thyrsiflora (Sieb. & Zucc.) Nakai Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Ehretia tinifolia L. Echium boissieri Steud. Echium vulgare L. Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae ◆ Echium bourgaeanum Webb ex Coincy Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 aphylla Schrad. Poaceae Boraginaceae Echium webbii Coincy Echium callithyrsum Webb ex Bolle Boraginaceae Ehrharta brevifolia Schrad. Poaceae Boraginaceae Echium wildpretii H.Pearson ex Hook. f. ◆ Weed - N - 3 Echium candicans L. f. Boraginaceae Boraginaceae ◆ Weed Sm. Poaceae See: Echium fastuosum J.Jacq. nom. Eclipta platyglossa Müell. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 - 5 illeg. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - Nn Ehrharta capensis Thunb. Poaceae Echium decaisnei Webb Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. Boraginaceae Thymelaeaceae Lam. Echium fastuosum J.Jacq. nom. illeg. = Edgeworthia papyrifera Sieb. Poaceae ◆ Boraginaceae & Zucc. Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5A ◆ = Echium candicans L. f. Weed Ehrharta longiflora Sm. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 4A Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn. Poaceae ◆ Echium giganteum L. Thymelaeaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5A Boraginaceae Edgeworthia papyrifera Sieb. & Zucc. Ehrharta pusilla Trin. Echium handiense Svent. Thymelaeaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N Boraginaceae See: Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. ◆ Weed Ehrharta subspicata Stapf Echium hierrense Bolle Poaceae Boraginaceae Edithcolea grandis N.E.Br. Asclepiadaceae = Ehrharta rehmannii Stapf ssp. Echium italicum L. subspicata (Stapf) G.E.Gibbs Russell Boraginaceae Edmondia pinifolia (Lam.) O.M.Hilliard ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 4A Asteraceae Ehrharta villosa Schult. f. Echium leucophaeum Webb ex Sprague Edraianthus caricinus Schott, Nyman Poaceae & Hutch. & Kotschy ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Boraginaceae Campanulaceae azurea (Sw.) Kunth = Edraianthus graminifolius (L.) Echium lusitanicum L. A.DC. Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed Edraianthus dalmaticus (A.DC.) A.DC. (Mart.) Solms Campanulaceae Echium nervosum W.T.Aiton Pontederiaceae Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 179 Eichhornia paniculata (Spreng.) Solms Elaeocarpus persicifolius Brongn. Elegia filacea Mast. Pontederiaceae & Griseb. Restionaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 Elaeocarpaceae Elegia fistulosa Kunth Einadia nutans (R.Br.) A.J.Scott Elaeocarpus reticulatus Sm. Restionaceae Chenopodiaceae Elaeocarpaceae Elegia racemosa (Poir.) Pers. ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 3A ◆ Weed - Nn Restionaceae Ekebergia capensis Sparrm. Elaeocarpus serratus L. Elegia tectorum (L. f.) Moline Meliaceae Elaeocarpaceae & H.P.Linder angustifolia L. Elaeodendron capense Eckl. & Zeyh. Restionaceae Celastraceae See: Chondropetalum tectorum ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 = Elaeodendron croceum Pillans E (Thunb.) DC. Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. Elaeagnaceae Elaeodendron croceum (Thunb.) DC. & Schult. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Celastraceae Cyperaceae See: Cassine crocea (Thunb.) ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. Kuntze, Cassine papillosa (Hochst.) Elaeagnaceae Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin. Kuntze, Elaeodendron capense Eckl. ex Hensch. Elaeagnus X ebbingei Boom. & Zeyh. Cyperaceae Elaeagnaceae Elaeodendron fruticosum N.Robson ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 - 5 = Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb. Celastraceae X Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. Eleocharis minuta Boeckeler ◆ Weed - 5 Elaeodendron glaucum (Rottb.) Pers. Cyperaceae Celastraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Elaeagnus gonyanthes Benth. Elaeagnaceae Elaeodendron laurifolium Harv. Eleocharis pachycarpa Desv. Celastraceae Cyperaceae Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb. ◆ Weed - N Elaeagnaceae Elaeodendron orientale J.Jacq. ◆ Weed - 2 Celastraceae Eleocharis pallens S.T. Blake Cyperaceae Elaeagnus matsunoana Makino. Elaphoglossum aemulum (Kaulfuss) ◆ Weed - Nn Elaeagnaceae Brack. Lomariopsidaceae Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. See: Elaphoglossum conforme Cyperaceae Elaeagnaceae (Sw.) Schott ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 Elaphoglossum ciliatum (Pr.) Moore Eleocharis parodii Barros Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. Lomariopsidaceae Cyperaceae Elaeagnaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Elaphoglossum conforme (Sw.) Schott Lomariopsidaceae Eleocharis parvula (Roem. & Schult.) Elaeagnus songorica Fisch. ex Trautv. = Elaphoglossum aemulum Link Elaeagnaceae (Kaulfuss) Brack. Cyperaceae Thunb. ◆ Weed - N Elaphoglossum hirtum (Sw.) Elaeagnaceae C.Christens. carolinianus Willd. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Lomariopsidaceae Asteraceae Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Elaphoglossum peltatum (Sw.) Urb. Elephantopus mollis Kunth Arecaceae Lomariopsidaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 5 See: Peltapteris peltata (Sw.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 - 5 Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortes C.V.Morton Elephantorrhiza elephantina (Burch.) Arecaceae Elateriospermum tapos Blume Skeels ◆ Weed Euphorbiaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Elaeocarpus cyaneus Aiton ex Sims ◆ Weed - 3 repens (Lour.) Hallier f. Elaeocarpaceae Urticaceae Elephantorrhiza goetzei (Harms) Harms Elaeocarpus dentatus (J.R.Forst. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Elatostema rupestre (Buch.-Ham.) & G.Forst.) Vahl Wedd. Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton Elaeocarpaceae Urticaceae Zingiberaceae Elaeocarpus edulis Teijsm. & Binn. See: Amomum cardamomum L. Elegia capensis (Burman. f.) Schelpe Elaeocarpaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Restionaceae Elaeocarpus hookerianus Raoul Eleusine aegyptiaca (L.) Desf. Elegia cuspidata Mast. Elaeocarpaceae Poaceae Restionaceae = Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Elaeocarpus japonicus Turcz. Elegia equisetacea (Mast.) Mast. Willd. Elaeocarpaceae Restionaceae ◆ Weed - 3

180 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Eleusine compressa (Forssk.) Asch. Elymus condensatus J.Presl Elymus sabulosus M.Bieb. & Schweinf. ex C.Chr. Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae = condensatus (J.Presl) = Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev ◆ Weed A. Love ssp. sabulosus (M.Bieb.) Tzvelev Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. Elymus dahuricus Turcz. ex Griseb. Elymus semicostatum (Nees ex Steud.) Poaceae Poaceae Á.Löve ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - 3 Poaceae See: Agropyron semicostatum (Nees Elymus distichus (Thunb.) Melderis (L.) Gaertn. ex Steud.) Boiss. Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 See: Thinopyrum distichum (Thunb.) Á.Löve Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould Eleusine oligostachya Link. ex Shinners Poaceae Elymus elongatus (Host) Runemark Poaceae E ◆ Weed - 2A Poaceae See: Agropyron pauciflorum = Elytrigia pontica (Podp.) Holub (Schwein.) Hitchc. nom. illeg., Eleusine polystachya (R.Br.) F.Müell. ◆ Weed Poaceae Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey Malte ex H.F.Lewis Eleusine stricta Roxb. Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae See: Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J.G.Sm. Elymus triticoides Buckley ◆ Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam. Weed Poaceae Poaceae Elymus giganteus Vahl = Leymus triticoides (Buckley) Pilg. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Poaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) = Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev Elytraria carolinensis (J.F.Gmelin) Pers. Sch.Bip. Elymus glaucus Buckley Acanthaceae Asteraceae Poaceae Elytrigia disticha (Thunb.) Prokudin ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Elymus hystrix L. ex A.Love Eleutherine bulbosa (P.Mill.) Urban Poaceae Poaceae Iridaceae See: Hystrix patula Moench See: Agropyron distichum (Thunb.) ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 P.Beauv. Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. Elymus junceus Fisch. Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski & Maxim.) Maxim. Poaceae Poaceae Araliaceae = Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) = Elytrigia pontica (Podp.) Holub ◆ See: Acanthopanax senticosus Nevski Weed - 1 - 3 (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski Elingamita johnsonii G.T.S.Baylis Gould Poaceae Myrsinaceae Poaceae See: Agropyron intermedium (Host) See: Agropyron riparium Scribn. P.Beauv., Agropyron trichophorum Elisena longipetala Lindl. (Link) K.Richt., Thinopyrum Liliaceae & J.G.Sm. ◆ Weed intermedium (Host) Barkworth = Ismene longipetala (Lindl.) Meerow & D.R.Dewey ◆ Elmera racemosa (S.Wats.) Rydb. Elymus magellanicus (E.Desv.) A.Love Weed - 1 Poaceae Saxifragaceae Elytrigia juncea (L.) Nevski See: Agropyron pubiflorum (Steud.) Poaceae canadensis Michx. Parodi Hydrocharitaceae See: Agropyron junceum (L.) Elymus multicaulis Kar. & Kir. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 P.Beauv. Poaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. = Leymus multicaulis (Kar. & Kir.) Elytrigia pontica (Podp.) Holub Lamiaceae Tzvelev Poaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Elymus propinquus Fresen. ex Steud. See: Agropyron elongatum (Host) Elsholtzia stauntonii Benth. Poaceae P.Beauv., Agropyron rigidum Lamiaceae (Schrad.) P.Beauv., Agropyron Elymus pseudoagropyrum (Trin. ◆ Weed - 2 varnense (Velen.) Hayek, Elymus ex Griseb.) Turcz. elongatus (Host) Runemark, Elymus angustus Trin. Poaceae Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski, Poaceae Elymus pungens (Pers.) Melderis Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) = Leymus angustus (Trin.) Pilg. Poaceae Á.Löve, Lophopyrum ponticum Elymus arenarius L. = Thinopyrum pycnanthum (Godr.) (Podp.) A.Love, Thinopyrum Poaceae Barkworth elongatum (Host) D.R.Dewey, = (L.) Hochst. ◆ Weed Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) ◆ Weed Barkworth & D.R.Dewey, Triticum Elymus repens (L.) Gould elongatum Host, Triticum Elymus canadensis L. Poaceae giganteum Roth, Triticum ponticum Poaceae = Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski Podp., Triticum rigidum Schrad. ◆ ◆ Weed - 2 Weed - 1 - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - 3

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 181 Elytrigia pungens (Pers.) Tutin Encelia virginensis Nelson Encephalartos laurentianus De Wild. Poaceae Asteraceae Zamiaceae = Thinopyrum pycnanthum (Godr.) Encephalartos aemulans Vorster Encephalartos lebomboensis I.Verd. Barkworth Zamiaceae Zamiaceae ◆ Weed - 1A Encephalartos altensteinii Lehm. Encephalartos lehmannii Lehm. Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski Zamiaceae Zamiaceae Poaceae See: Elymus repens (L.) Gould Encephalartos barteri Carruth. ex Miq. Encephalartos longifolius (Jacq.) Lehm. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4 - 5 Zamiaceae Zamiaceae sessiliflora Kurz Encephalartos bubalinus Melville Encephalartos macrostrobilus S.Jones Myrsinaceae Zamiaceae & J.Wynants Zamiaceae E Embergeria grandifolia (Kirk) Boulos Encephalartos caffer (Thunb.) Lehm. Asteraceae Zamiaceae Encephalartos manikensis (Gilliland) See: grandifolius Kirk Gilliland Encephalartos cerinus Lavranos & Zamiaceae Embothrium coccineum J.R.Forst. D.L.Goode & G.Forst. Zamiaceae Encephalartos marunguensis Devred Proteaceae Encephalartos chimanimaniensis Zamiaceae ◆ Weed R.A.Dyer & I.Verd. Encephalartos middelburgensis Embothrium grandiflorum Lam. Zamiaceae P.Vorster, P.J.Robbertse & S.van Proteaceae Encephalartos concinnus R.A.Dyer der Westhuizen Zamiaceae Emex australis Steinh. & I.Verd. Polygonaceae Zamiaceae Encephalartos msinganus Vorster ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Encephalartos cupidus R.A.Dyer Zamiaceae Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. Zamiaceae Encephalartos munchii R.A.Dyer Polygonaceae Encephalartos cycadifolius (Jacq.) Lehm. & I.Verd. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Zamiaceae Zamiaceae Nicolson Encephalartos dyerianus Lavranos Encephalartos natalensis R.A.Dyer Asteraceae & D.L.Goode & I.Verd. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Zamiaceae Zamiaceae Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. Encephalartos eugene-maraisii I.Verd. Encephalartos ngoyanus I.Verd. Asteraceae Zamiaceae Zamiaceae See: Cacalia sonchifolia L. Encephalartos nubimontanus ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Encephalartos ferox G.Bertol. Zamiaceae P.J.H.Hurter Emmenopterys henryi Oliv. Zamiaceae Rubiaceae Encephalartos friderici-guilielmi Lehm. Zamiaceae Encephalartos paucidentatus Stapf pancherianum Baill. & Burtt Davy Rhamnaceae Encephalartos ghellinckii Lem. Zamiaceae Zamiaceae Emorycactus polycephalus (Engelm. Encephalartos poggei Asch. & Bigelow) Doweld Encephalartos gratus Prain Zamiaceae Cactaceae Zamiaceae Encephalartos princeps R.A.Dyer Empetrum eamesii Fern. & Wieg. Encephalartos hildebrandtii A.Braun Zamiaceae Empetraceae & C.D.Bouche Encephalartos pterogonus R.A.Dyer See: Empetrum rubrum Vahl. Zamiaceae & I.Verd. ex Willd. Encephalartos horridus (Jacq.) Lehm. Zamiaceae Empetrum nigrum L. Zamiaceae Encephalartos schmitzii Malaisse Empetraceae Encephalartos inopinus R.A.Dyer Zamiaceae ◆ Weed Zamiaceae Encephalartos sclavoi De Luca, Empetrum rubrum Vahl. ex Willd. Encephalartos ituriensis Bamps D.W.Stev. & A.Moretti Empetraceae & Lisowski Zamiaceae = Empetrum eamesii Fern. & Wieg. Zamiaceae ◆ Weed Encephalartos senticosus Vorster Encephalartos kisambo Faden Zamiaceae Empodium plicatum (Thunb.) & Beentje Liliaceae Zamiaceae Encephalartos septentrionalis Schweinf. Enantia chlorantha Oliv. Encephalartos lanatus Stapf & Burtt Zamiaceae Annonaceae Davy Zamiaceae Encephalartos tegulaneus Melville Encelia farinosa A.Gray ex Torr. Zamiaceae Asteraceae Encephalartos latifrons Lehm. ◆ Weed Zamiaceae

182 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Encephalartos transvenosus Stapf Encyclia melisoma Schltr Enkianthus rubicundus Matsumura & Burtt Davy Orchidaceae & Nakai Zamiaceae Ericaceae Encyclia mooreana (Rolfe) Schltr. Encephalartos trispinosus (Hook.) Orchidaceae Enkianthus serrulatus (E.H.Wilson) R.A.Dyer C.K.Schneid. Encyclia pentotis (Rchb. f.) Dressler Zamiaceae Ericaceae Orchidaceae Encephalartos turneri Lavranos avenaceus (Lindl.) Encyclia polybulbon (Sw.) Dressler & D.L.Goode C.E.Hubb. Orchidaceae Zamiaceae Poaceae Encyclia prismatocarpa (Rchb. f.) ◆ Weed - Nn Encephalartos umbeluziensis R.A.Dyer Dressler Churchill Zamiaceae Enneapogon persicus Boiss. Orchidaceae Poaceae E Encephalartos villosus Lem. Encyclia radiata (Lindl.) Dressler Zamiaceae Enneapogon scaber Lehm. Orchidaceae Poaceae Encephalartos whitelockii P.J.H.Hurter Encyclia randii (Barb.Rodr.) Porto Zamiaceae Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman & Brade Encephalocarpus strobiliformis Orchidaceae See: ensete J.F.Gmel. (Werderm.) A.Berger Encyclia selligera (Batem. ex Lindl.) ◆ Weed Cactaceae Schltr. = Pelecyphora strobiliformis abyssinica Steud. ex A.Rich. Orchidaceae (Werderm.) Fric & Schelle Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Encyclia tampensis (Lindl.) Small Encholirium bradeanum L.B.Smith Entada gigas (L.) Fawc. & Rendle Orchidaceae Bromeliaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae See: Epidendrum tampense Lindl. Encyclia adenocaulon Schltr. (L.) Merr. Encyclia vespa (Vell.) Dressler Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae McPherson ◆ Weed - Nn Encyclia alata (Bateman) Schltr. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Entandrophragma candollei Harms Encyhlaena tomentosa R.Br. Meliaceae Encyclia ambigua (Lindl.) Schltr. Chenopodiaceae Orchidaceae Entandrophragma cylindricum baillonii Guillaumin (Sprague) Sprague Encyclia atropurpurea Schltr. Lauraceae Meliaceae Orchidaceae Endospermum robbieanum A.C.Smith Entandrophragma utile (Dawe Encyclia baculus (Rchb. f.) Dressler & A.C.Smith & Sprague) Sprague & G.E.Pollard Euphorbiaceae Meliaceae Orchidaceae Endymion hispanicus (P.Mill.) Chouard Entelea arborescens R.Br. Encyclia bracteata Schltr. ex Hoehne Liliaceae Tiliaceae Orchidaceae = Hyacinthoides hispanica (Mill.) Rothm. Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Encyclia bractescens (Lindl.) Hoehne Morong Orchidaceae Endymion italicus (L.) Chouard Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Liliaceae Encyclia brassavolae (Rchb. f.) Dressler ◆ Weed - 1 Orchidaceae Engysiphon roseus (Schinz) G.J.Lewis Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Iridaceae Encyclia citrina (Lex.) Dressler Griseb. Orchidaceae Enkianthus campanulatus (Miq.) Leguminosae - Mimosaceae G.Nicholson ◆ Weed - 1 Encyclia cochleata (L.) D.E.Lemke Ericaceae Orchidaceae Enteropogon macrostachyus (Hochst. See: Epidendrum cochleatum L. Enkianthus cernuus (Sieb. & Zucc.) ex A.Rich.) Munro ex Benth. Benth. & Hook. f. ex Makino Poaceae Encyclia cordigera (Kunth) Dressler Ericaceae Orchidaceae Entolasia imbricata Stapf Enkianthus chinensis Franch. Poaceae Encyclia dichroma (Lindl.) Schltr. Ericaceae Orchidaceae Entolasia marginata (R.Br.) Hughes Enkianthus deflexus (Griff.) Poaceae Encyclia guatemalensis (Klotzsch) C.K.Schneid. ◆ Weed - Nn Dressler & G.E.Pollard Ericaceae Orchidaceae Eomecon chionantha Hance ◆ Weed - 2 Papaveraceae Encyclia hanburyi (Lindl.) Schltr. Enkianthus perulatus C.K.Schneid. ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Ericaceae longifolia Banks & Soland. Encyclia mariae (Ames) Hoehne Enkianthus quinqueflorus Lour. ex Hook. f. Orchidaceae Ericaceae Epacridaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 183 Epacris purpurascens R.Br. Epidendrum condylochilum Lehm. Epidendrum porpax Rchb. f. Epacridaceae & Kraenzl. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Orchidaceae Epidendrum prismatocarpum Rchb. f. Ephedra altissima Desf. Epidendrum cristatum Ruiz & Pav. Orchidaceae Ephedraceae Orchidaceae Epidendrum pseudepidendrum Rchb. f. ◆ Weed Epidendrum cyclotellum Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Ephedra californica S.Watson Orchidaceae Epidendrum purpurascens Focke Ephedraceae Epidendrum difforme Jacq. McPherson Orchidaceae Ephedra distachya L. Orchidaceae Epidendrum radiatum Hoffm. Ephedraceae Epidendrum elongatum Jacq. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Orchidaceae E Epidendrum radicans Pavón ex Lindl. Ephedra equisetina Bunge Epidendrum endresii Rchb. f., Orchidaceae Ephedraceae Orchidaceae = Epidendrum ibaguense Kunth Ephedra foliata Boiss. & Kotschy ◆ Weed - 2 Epidendrum falcatum Lindl. Ephedraceae Orchidaceae Epidendrum ramosum Jacq. ◆ Weed Epidendrum floribundum Kunth Orchidaceae Ephedra fragilis Desf. Orchidaceae Epidendrum rhizomaniacum Rchb. f. Ephedraceae Epidendrum fragrans Sw. Orchidaceae Ephedra gerardiana Wall. ex Stapf Orchidaceae Epidendrum rigidum Jacq. Ephedraceae Epidendrum ghiesbreghtianum A.Rich. Orchidaceae Ephedra intermedia Schrenk & Galeotti Epidendrum selligerum Bateman & C.A.Mey. Orchidaceae ex Lindl. Ephedraceae Epidendrum gracile Lindl. Orchidaceae Ephedra major Host Orchidaceae Epidendrum tampense Lindl. Ephedraceae Epidendrum ibaguense Kunth Orchidaceae Ephedra monosperma C.A.Mey. Orchidaceae = Encyclia tampensis (Lindl.) Small Ephedraceae See: Epidendrum radicans Pavón Epidendrum teretifolium Sw. Ephedra nevadensis S.Watson ex Lindl. Orchidaceae Ephedraceae ◆ Weed - N Epidendrum vespa Vell. Ephedra regeliana Florin Epidendrum ilense Dodson Orchidaceae Ephedraceae Orchidaceae Epidendrum vitellinum Lindl. Ephedra viridis Coville Epidendrum isomerum Schltr. Orchidaceae Ephedraceae Orchidaceae Epigaea repens L. Ephemerantha comata (Blume) Epidendrum longifolium Barb.Rodr. Ericaceae P.F.Hunt & Summerh. Orchidaceae Epigeneium cymbidioides (Blume) Orchidaceae Epidendrum mariae Ames Summerh. Epiblastus basalis Schltr. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Epidendrum moyobambae Kraenzl. Epigeneium lyonii (Ames) Summerh. Epidendrum anceps Jacq. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Epidendrum nemorale Lindl. Epigeneium nakaharaei (Schltr.) Epidendrum atropurpureum Willd. Orchidaceae Summerh. Orchidaceae Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. Orchidaceae Epidendrum boricuarum Hágsater Orchidaceae Epilobium angustifolium L. & L.Sánchez Saldaña Epidendrum X obrienianum Rolfe Onagraceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 = Epidendrum evectum Hook. f. Epidendrum candollei Lindl. Epilobium billardierianum Sér. X Epidendrum ibaguaense Kunth Orchidaceae Onagraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - Nn Epidendrum ciliare L. Epidendrum ochraceum Lindl. Orchidaceae (Cockayne) Orchidaceae Raven & Engelhorn Epidendrum cinnabarinum Salzm. Epidendrum osmanthum Barb.Rodr. Onagraceae ex Lindl. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 Orchidaceae Epidendrum parkinsonianum Hook. Epilobium californicum Hausskn. Epidendrum cochleatum L. Orchidaceae Onagraceae Orchidaceae = Epilobium ciliatum Raf. = Encyclia cochleata (L.) D.E.Lemke Epidendrum polybulbon Sw. Orchidaceae

184 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Epilobium canum (Greene) Raven Epimedium macranthum C.Morren Epiphyllum anguliger (Lem.) H.P.Kelsey Onagraceae & Decne. & Dayton See: Zauschneria cana Greene Berberidaceae Cactaceae See: Epiphyllum darrahii Britton Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Epimedium myrianthum Stearn & Rose Onagraceae Berberidaceae See: Epilobium californicum Hausskn. Epiphyllum caudatum Britton & Rose Epimedium pauciflorum K.C.Yen ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Cactaceae Berberidaceae Epilobium crassum Hook. f. Epiphyllum chrysocardium Alexander Epimedium X perralchicum Stearn. Onagraceae Cactaceae Berberidaceae = Selenicereus chrysocardium Epilobium fleischeri Hochst. = Epimedium perralderianum Coss. (Alexander) Kimnach Onagraceae X Epimedium pinnatum Fisch. Epiphyllum costaricense (F.A.C.Weber) E Epilobium hirsutum L. Epimedium perralderianum Cosson Britton & Rose Onagraceae Berberidaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed Epiphyllum crenatum (Lindl.) G.Don Epilobium latifolium L. Epimedium pinnatum Fisch. Cactaceae Onagraceae Berberidaceae See: Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub ◆ Weed Epiphyllum darrahii Britton & Rose Cactaceae Epilobium nummulariifolium R.Cunn. Epimedium pubescens Maxim. = Epiphyllum anguliger (Lem.) Onagraceae Berberidaceae H.P.Kelsey & Dayton ◆ Weed - N Epimedium pubigerum (DC.) Morren Epiphyllum grandilobum Epilobium obscurum Schreber & Decne (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose Onagraceae Berberidaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N Epimedium X rubrum E.Morr. Epiphyllum guatemalense Britton Epilobium palustre L. Berberidaceae & Rose Onagraceae = Epimedium alpinum L. X Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Epimedium grandiflorum C.Morren Epiphyllum hookeri Haw. Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. Epimedium sempervirens Nakai Cactaceae Onagraceae ex Maekawa See: Epiphyllum stenopetalum ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Berberidaceae Britton & Rose, Epiphyllum strictum Epilobium pedunculare Cunn. Epimedium setosum Koidz. Britton & Rose Onagraceae Berberidaceae ◆ Weed - 1A ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Epimedium stellulatum Stearn Epiphyllum hybrids hort. Epilobium rotundifolium G.Forst. Berberidaceae Cactaceae Onagraceae = Epiphyllum spp. Haw. X Epimedium trifoliolato-binatum ◆ Weed - N - 1A Heliocereus spp. (Berger) Britton (Koidz.) Koidz. & Rose X Nopalxochia spp. Britton Epilobium tetragonum L. Berberidaceae & Rose Onagraceae Epimedium X versicolor E.Morr. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 Epiphyllum macropterum (Lem.) Berberidaceae Britton & Rose Epimedium alpinum L. Epimedium X warleyense Stearn. Cactaceae Berberidaceae Berberidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Epiphyllum (DC.) Haw. = Epimedium alpinum L. X Cactaceae Epimedium brachyrrhizum Stearn Epimedium pinnatum Fisch. ◆ Weed Berberidaceae var. colchicum (Boiss.) Busch. (L.) Haw. Epimedium dolichostemon Stearn Epimedium X youngianum Fisch. Cactaceae Berberidaceae & C.A.Mey. ◆ Weed - N Berberidaceae Epimedium epsteinii Stearn = Epimedium grandiflorum Epiphyllum pittieri (F.A.C.Weber) Berberidaceae C.Morrison X Epimedium diphyllum Britton & Rose Epimedium franchetii Stearn (Morr. & Decne.) Lodd. Cactaceae Berberidaceae ◆ Weed Epiphyllum pumilum Britton & Rose Epimedium grandiflorum C.Morren Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz Cactaceae Berberidaceae Orchidaceae Epiphyllum rubrocoronatum (Kimn.) ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 Epimedium grandiflorum C.Morren Dodson & Gentry X Epimedium pinnatum Fisch. Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz Cactaceae Berberidaceae Orchidaceae Epiphyllum ruestii (Weing.) F.M.Knuth ◆ Weed Epimedium leptorrhizum Stearn in Backeb. & F.M.Knuth Berberidaceae Cactaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 185 Epiphyllum stenopetalum Britton & Rose ramosissimum Desf. Eragrostis erosa Scribn. Cactaceae Poaceae = Epiphyllum hookeri Haw. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud. Epiphyllum steyermarkii Croizat Equisetum scirpoides Michx. Poaceae Cactaceae Equisetaceae ◆ Weed = Selenicereus inermis Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - 2 J.M.Black Epiphyllum strictum Britton & Rose Equisetum sylvaticum L. Poaceae Cactaceae Equisetaceae ◆ Weed - Nn = Epiphyllum hookeri Haw. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees aureum (Linden ex André) Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Poaceae G.S.Bunting Equisetaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 E Araceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 (R.Br.) Steud. = (L.) Engl. Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & Arn. Poaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 5 ex Nees ◆ Weed - Nn Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. Poaceae (Hornem.) Link Araceae See: Eragrostis tenella (L.) P.Beauv. Poaceae See: Epipremnum aureum (Linden ex Roem. & Schult. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 ex André) G.S.Bunting, ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 - 5 aureus Engl. (Desf.) Trin. Eragrostis minor Host ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ex Steud. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Episcia cupreata (Hook.) Hanst. Poaceae Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 Eragrostis paniciformis (A.Braun) Steud. ◆ Weed Eragrostis bahiensis Schrad. ex Schult. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N Episcia dianthiflora H.E.Moore Poaceae & R.G.Wils. ◆ Weed - N - 5 Eragrostis paradoxa Launert Gesneriaceae Eragrostis barbinodis Hack. Poaceae Episcia lilacina Hanst. Poaceae (R.Br.) Trin. ◆ Gesneriaceae Weed Poaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Episcia punctata (Lindl.) Hanst. Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau Gesneriaceae Poaceae (L.) P.Beauv. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Poaceae Epithelantha micromeris (Engelm.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Webb. ex Britton & Rose Eragrostis bicolor Nees Cactaceae Poaceae Eragrostis robusta Stent ◆ Weed Poaceae Epithelantha pachyrhiza (W.T.Marshall) Backeb. Eragrostis bipinnata Muschl. Nees Cactaceae Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - Nn L. Eragrostis brizoides Schult. Equisetaceae Poaceae Eragrostis subsecunda (Lam.) Fourn. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 (Kunth) Nees Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Equisetum bogotense Kunth Poaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Equisetaceae Peyr. ◆ Weed Eragrostis chloromelas Steud. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 Equisetum fluviatile L. Poaceae = (Schrad.) Nees Equisetaceae Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Poaceae (All.) Vignolo ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3A Equisetum giganteum L. ex Janch. Equisetaceae Eragrostis tenella (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. Poaceae ◆ Weed & Schult. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Poaceae Equisetum hyemale L. Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees = Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight Equisetaceae Poaceae & Arn. ex Nees ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 See: Eragrostis chloromelas Steud. ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Equisetum maximum Lam. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Eragrostis tenuifolia (A.Rich.) Hochst. Equisetaceae Eragrostis elegans Nees ex Steud. ◆ Weed - 3 Poaceae Poaceae Equisetum palustre L. ◆ Weed - 2A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Equisetaceae Eragrostis elongata (Willd.) J.F.Jacq. Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) A.W.Wood ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed

186 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Eragrostis trichophora Cosson & Durieu Eremurus olgae Regel Eria rostriflora Rchb. f. Poaceae Liliaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Eremurus robustus Regel Eria stellata Lindl. Eranthemum cinnabarinum Wall. Liliaceae Orchidaceae Acanthaceae Eremurus sogdianus (Regel) Franch. Eria tenuiflora Ridl. Eranthemum nervosum (Vahl) R.Br. Liliaceae Orchidaceae ex Roem. & Schult. Eremurus stenophyllus (Boiss. & Buhse) Eria teretifolia Griff. Acanthaceae Baker Orchidaceae = Eranthemum pulchellum Andrews Liliaceae Eria vieillardii Rchb. f. Eranthemum pulchellum Andrews Erepsia heteropetala (Haw.) Schwantes Orchidaceae Acanthaceae Aizoaceae See: Eranthemum nervosum (Vahl) Eria xanthocheila Ridl. E ◆ Weed - 2 R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N Erepsia pillansii (Kensit) Liede Erianthus ravennae (L.) P.Beauv. Aizoaceae Eranthemum wattii (Bedd.) Stapf Poaceae Acanthaceae Eria bicristata (Blume) Lindl. = Saccharum ravennae (L.) L. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Eranthis cilicica Schott & Kotschy Ranunculaceae Eria bractescens Lindl. Eriaxis rigida Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Salisb. Ranunculaceae Eria cordifera Schltr. Erica abietina L. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Orchidaceae Ericaceae Ercilla spicata (Bert.) Moq. Eria floribunda Lindl. Erica albens L. Orchidaceae Ericaceae Ercilla volubilis A.Juss. Eria gracilis Hook. f. Erica andevalensis B.Cabezudo Phytolaccaceae Orchidaceae & J.Rivera Ericaceae Erdisia tenuicula Rauh & Backeb. Eria imitans Schltr. Cactaceae Orchidaceae Erica andromedaeflora Andrews = Corryocactus tenuiculus (Rauh Ericaceae Eria javanica (Sw.) Blume & Backeb.) Hutchison ◆ Weed - N Orchidaceae valerianifolia (Wolf) DC. Erica arborea L. Eria kaniensis Schltr. Asteraceae Ericaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Eria lamorganensis Rchb. f. Eremalche rotundifolia (A.Gray) Erica ardens Andrews Orchidaceae Greene Ericaceae Malvaceae Eria latifolia (Blume) Rchb. f. Erica australis L. Orchidaceae Eremocarpus setigerus (Hook.) Benth. Ericaceae Euphorbiaceae Eria merrillii Ames ◆ Weed = Croton setigerus Hook. Orchidaceae Erica axilliflora Bartl. ◆ Weed - 1A - 3A - 4A Eria monticola Hook. f. Ericaceae bicolor R.J.Chinnock Orchidaceae Erica baccans L. Myoporaceae Eria multiflora (Blume) Lindl. Ericaceae Eremopyrum buonapartis (Spreng.) Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Nevski Eria neglecta Ridl. Erica bauera Andrews Poaceae Orchidaceae Ericaceae Eremosparton flaccidum Litv. = Erica baueri Andrews Eria nutans Lindl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Eremurus aitchisonii Baker Erica baueri Andrews Eria oligotricha Schltr. Liliaceae Ericaceae Orchidaceae See: Erica bauera Andrews Eremurus elwesii Micheli Eria ornata (Blume) Lindl. Liliaceae Erica bergiana L. Orchidaceae Ericaceae Eremurus himalaicus Baker Eria pachystachya Lindl. Liliaceae Erica Andr. Orchidaceae Ericaceae Eremurus X isabellinus Vilm. Eria ridleyi Rolfe Liliaceae Erica blenna Salisb. Orchidaceae = Eremurus stenophyllus (Boiss. Ericaceae & Buhse) Baker X Eremurus olgae Eria rigida (Blume) Rchb. f. Erica bodkinii Guthrie & Bolus Regel Orchidaceae Ericaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 187 Erica brachialis Salisb. Erica conspicua Soland. Erica glandulosa Thunb. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed - N Erica breviflora Dulfer Erica copiosa J.C.Wendl. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica glauca Andrews Ericaceae Erica brevifolia Sol. ex Salisb. Erica corifolia L. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica glomiflora Salisb. Ericaceae Erica caffra L. Erica cruenta Sol. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica glumaeflora Klotzsch ex Benth. ◆ Weed - N Ericaceae Erica cubica L. Erica caledonica Spreng. f. Ericaceae Erica gnaphaloides L. Ericaceae Ericaceae E Erica curviflora L. Erica calycina L. Ericaceae Erica gracilis J.C.Wendl. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica curvirostris Salisb. Erica canaliculata Andrews Ericaceae Erica grandiflora Linn. f. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica cyathiformis Salisb. Erica capensis Salter Ericaceae Erica grata Guthrie & Bolus Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica daphniflora Salisb. Erica capitata L. Ericaceae Erica grisbrookii Guthrie & Bolus Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica X darleyensis Bean Erica carnea L. Ericaceae Erica halicacaba L. Ericaceae See: Erica carnea L. X Erica erigena Ericaceae See: Erica herbacea L. R.Ross Erica hebecalyx Benth. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Ericaceae Erica carnea L. X Erica erigena L. Erica demissa Klotzsch ex Benth. Erica herbacea L. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae = Erica X darleyensis Bean = Erica carnea L. ◆ Weed - 2 Erica densifolia Willd. Ericaceae ◆ Weed Erica casta Guthrie & Bolus Erica hiemalis Nichols. Ericaceae Erica diaphana Spreng. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica X cavendishiana Paxt. Erica hirta Thunb. Ericaceae Erica dichrus Spreng. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica cerinthoides L. Erica hirtiflora Curt. Ericaceae Erica discolor Andrews Ericaceae ◆ Weed Ericaceae ◆ Weed Erica hispidula L. Erica chamissonis Klotzsch ex Benth. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica doliiformis Salisb. Ericaceae Erica holosericea Salisb. Erica chloroloma Lindl. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica elimensis L.Bolus Ericaceae Erica imbricata L. Erica chrysocodon Guthrie & Bolus Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica erigena R.Ross Ericaceae Erica inflata Thunb. Erica ciliaris L. ◆ Weed - 2 Ericaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Erica exsurgens Andr. Erica infundibuliformis Andrews Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica cinerea L. Ericaceae Erica fascicularis L. f. Erica irregularis Benth. ◆ Weed - 1 Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica coccinea Berg. Erica fastigiata L. Erica junonia Bolus Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica codonodes Lindl. Erica filipendula Benth. Erica laeta Bartl. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica colorans Andr. Erica foliacea Andrews Erica Andr. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica concinna Soland. Erica formosa Thunb. Erica lanuginosa Andrews Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica conica Lodd. Erica gilva J.C.Wendl. Erica lateralis Willd. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae

188 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Erica linnaeoides Andr. Erica parviflora L. Erica sparsa Lodd. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica longifolia Donn Erica Andrews Erica speciosa Andr. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica lucida Salisb. Erica peltata Andrews Erica spicata L. ex Jackson Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica lusitanica Rudolphi Erica pelviformis Salisb. Erica X stuartii (Macfarl.) Mast. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5A See: Erica multumbellifera Benth. = Erica mackaiana Bab. X Erica tetralix L. Erica mackaiana Bab. Erica persoluta L. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica subdivaricata Berg. E Ericaceae Erica macowanii Cufino Erica perspicua J.C.Wendl. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica subulata J.C.Wendl. Ericaceae Erica mammosa L. Erica peziza G.Lodd. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica swynnertonii S.Moore ◆ Weed Ericaceae Erica phylicifolia Salisb. Erica manipuliflora Salisb. Ericaceae Erica taxifolia Aiton Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica pillansii Bolus See: Erica verticillata Forssk., Ericaceae Erica tegulaefolia Salisb. nom. illeg. Ericaceae Erica pinea Thunb. Erica mariae Guthrie & Bolus Ericaceae Erica tenella Andr. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica plukenetii L. Erica marifolia Soland. Ericaceae Erica terminalis Salisb. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica praecox Klotzsch Erica mauritanica L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica tetralix L. Erica pulchella Houtt. Erica mediterranea L. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed Erica quadrangularis Salisb. Erica thomae L.Bolus Ericaceae Erica melanthera L. Ericaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Ericaceae Erica triflora L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Erica regerminans L. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica monsoniana L. f. Erica tumida Ker Gawl. Ericaceae Erica regia Bartl. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica multiflora L. Erica umbellata L. Ericaceae Erica regia Bartl. X Erica vestita Thunb. Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica multiflora L. X Erica Erica urna-viridis Bolus quadrangularis Salisb. Erica rubens Thunb. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica vagans L. Erica multumbellifera Benth. Erica scoparia L. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed - 1 = Erica pelviformis Salisb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Erica ventricosa Thunb. Erica nana Salisb. Erica scytophylla Guthrie & Bolus Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed Erica neglecta G.Don Erica selaginifolia Salisb. Erica vernix Andr. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica nudiflora L. Erica sessiliflora L. f. Erica versicolor J.C.Wendl. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica oatesii Rolfe Erica sicula Guss. ◆ Weed Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica verticillata Forssk. nom. illeg. Erica onosmaeflora Salisb. Erica simulans Dulfer Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae = Erica manipuliflora Salisb. Erica palliiflora Salisb. Erica sitiens Klotzsch Erica vestita Thunb. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Erica parilis Salisb. Erica sparmanni L. f. Erica viridescens G.Lodd. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 189 Erica viridiflora Andrews Eriocactus magnificus F.Ritter Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. Ericaceae Cactaceae & Arn.) Torr. = Parodia magnifica (F.Ritter) Hydrophyllaceae Erica viridipurpurea L. F.H.Brandt ◆ Weed Ericaceae Eriocactus warasii F.Ritter Eriogonum arborescens E.Greene Erica walkeria Andrews Cactaceae Polygonaceae Ericaceae = Parodia warasii (F.Ritter) F.H.Brandt Eriogonum cinereum Benth. Erica X watsonii Benth. cinereum R.Br. Polygonaceae Ericaceae = Erica ciliaris L. X Erica tetralix L. Eriogonum compositum Douglas ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 - 5 ex Benth. Erica winteri H.A.Baker Eriocaulon truncatum Buch.-Ham. Polygonaceae Ericaceae E ex Mart. ◆ Weed Erigeron alpinus L. Eriocaulaceae Eriogonum crocatum Davidson Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 3 Polygonaceae ◆ Weed africanus L. Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. Erigeron argentatus A.Gray Asteraceae Polygonaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 ◆ Weed - 3 Erigeron aurantiacus Regel Eriocephalus ericoides (L. f.) Druce Eriogonum giganteum S.Watson Asteraceae Asteraceae Polygonaceae Erigeron aureus Greene Eriocephalus umbellulatus DC. Eriogonum incanum Torr. & A.Gray Asteraceae Asteraceae Polygonaceae ◆ Weed Erigeron borealis (Vierh.) Simmons Eriogonum latifolium Smith Asteraceae Eriocereus bonplandii (Pfeiff.) Riccob. Polygonaceae Cactaceae Erigeron compositus Pursh = Harrisia pomanensis Eriogonum lobbii Torr. & Gray Asteraceae (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose Polygonaceae Erigeron glaucus Ker Gawl. Eriocereus jusbertii (Rebut) Riccob. Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. Asteraceae Cactaceae Polygonaceae ◆ Weed - 2 = Harrisia jusbertii (Rebut ex Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. Erigeron grandiflorus Hook. K.Schum.) Neale Polygonaceae Asteraceae Eriocereus martinii (Labour.) Riccob. Eriope macrostachya Mart. ex Benth. Erigeron karvinskianus DC. Cactaceae Lamiaceae Asteraceae = (Labour.) Britton ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5A Weed - 4A Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. Cyperaceae Erigeron mucronatus DC. Eriocereus regelii (Weing.) Backeb. ◆ Weed Asteraceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed = Harrisia regelii (Weing.) Borg Eriophorum gracile Koch ◆ Weed Cyperaceae Erigeron speciosus (Lindl.) DC. ◆ Weed Asteraceae Eriocereus tortuosus (J.Forbes ex Otto ◆ Weed - 2 & A.Dietr.) Riccob. Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) Forbes Cactaceae Asteraceae Erigeron vagus Payson = Harrisia tortuosa (J.Forbes ex Otto ◆ Weed Asteraceae & A.Dietr.) Britton & Rose Eriosema psoraleoides (Lam.) G.Don Erinacea anthyllis Link ◆ Weed - 4A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Eriochloa meyeriana (Nees) Pilg. ◆ Weed - 3 Erinus alpinus L. Poaceae Eriospermum abyssinicum Bak. Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Eriochloa polystachya Kunth Eriospermum cooperi Bak. Eriobotrya deflexa (Hemsl.) Nakai Poaceae Liliaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Eriospermum phippsii Wild Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Eriochloa pseudoacrotricha (Stapf Liliaceae Rosaceae ex Thell.) C.E.Hubb. ex S.T.Blake ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Poaceae Eriospermum pubescens Jacq. ◆ Weed - Nn Liliaceae Eriocactus leninghausii (Haage jr.) Backbg. ex Schaff. Eriodendron anfractuosum DC. Eriosyce aurata (Pfeiff.) Backeb. Cactaceae Bombacaceae Cactaceae = Parodia leninghausii (Schumann) = Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Eriosyce ceratistes (Otto) Britton & Rose Brandt Cactaceae

190 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Eriosyce curvispina (Bertero ex Colla) Erodium malacoides (L.) L’Hérit. Eryngium billardieri Laroche. Katt. Geraniaceae Apiaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed - 3 Eriosyce ihotzkyanae F.Ritter Erodium manescavii Cosson Eryngium bourgatii Gouan Cactaceae Geraniaceae Apiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Eriosyce kunzei (C.F.Forst.) Katt. Eryngium bromeliifolium Del. Cactaceae Erodium moschatum (L.) L’Hérit. Apiaceae Geraniaceae Eriosyce megacarpa F.Ritter Eryngium caeruleum M.Bieb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Cactaceae Apiaceae Erodium pelargoniflorum Boiss & Heldr. Eriosyce rodentiophila F.Ritter Eryngium campestre L. Geraniaceae Cactaceae Apiaceae E ◆ Eriosyce sandillon (Rémy) Phil. Erodium petraeum (Gouan) Willd. Weed - N - 3 Geraniaceae Cactaceae Eryngium caucasicum Trautv. ◆ Weed - 2 Eriosyce subgibbosa (Haw.) Katt. Apiaceae Erodium reichardii (Murray) DC. Cactaceae Eryngium ebracteatum Lam. Geraniaceae Apiaceae Erodium aureum Carolin See: Erodium chamaedryoides ◆ Weed Geraniaceae (Cav.) L’Hérit. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Eryngium eburneum Decne. Erodium X variabile A.C.Leslie Apiaceae Erodium botrys (Cav.) Bertol. Geraniaceae ◆ Weed Geraniaceae = Erodium corsicum Leman X ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Erodium reichardii (Murray) DC. Eryngium foetidum L. Erodium brachycarpum (Godr.) Thell. ◆ Weed - 2 Apiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Geraniaceae Erophaca baetica (L.) Boiss. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Eryngium giganteum M.Bieb. Erodium carvifolium Boiss. & Reut. Apiaceae Erophila verna (L.) Chevall. Geraniaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Brassicaceae Erodium chamaedryoides (Cav.) L’Hérit. = Draba verna L. Eryngium glaciale Boiss. Geraniaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 Apiaceae = Erodium reichardii (Murray) DC. Eruca sativa Mill. Eryngium horridum Malme Erodium cheilanthifolium Boiss. Brassicaceae Apiaceae Geraniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed Erodium chrysanthum L’Hérit. ex DC. Eruca sylvestris hort. nom. illeg. Eryngium humile Cav. Geraniaceae Brassicaceae Apiaceae = Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. ◆ Weed Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hérit. Geraniaceae Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. Eryngium maritimum L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Brassicaceae Apiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Erodium corsicum Leman Weed - N - 1A - 2A Geraniaceae Ervatamia coronaria (Jacq.) Stapf Eryngium X oliverianum Delaroche Erodium corsicum Leman X Erodium Apocynaceae Apiaceae reichardii (Murray) DC. = Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) = Eryngium giganteum M.Bieb. Geraniaceae R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. X Eryngium planum L. ◆ Weed Erodium crinitum Carolin Ervatamia divaricata (L.) Burkill Geraniaceae Apocynaceae Eryngium pandanifolium Cham. ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A = Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) & Schltdl. R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. Apiaceae Erodium glandulosum (Cav.) Willd. ◆ Weed - N - 5 Geraniaceae Ervum lens L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Eryngium paniculatum Cav. & Dombey Erodium gruinum (L.) L’Hérit. ex Aiton = Lens culinaris Medik. ex F.Delaroche Geraniaceae Apiaceae ◆ Eryngium agavifolium Griseb. Weed ◆ Weed Apiaceae Erodium guttatum (Desf.) Willd. Eryngium planum L. Eryngium alpinum L. Geraniaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Erodium hymenodes L’Hérit. ex Willd. ◆ Weed - 2 Geraniaceae Eryngium proteiflorum Bieb ◆ Weed Eryngium amethystinum L. Apiaceae Apiaceae Erodium laciniatum (Cav.) Willd. ◆ Weed Eryngium serra Cham. & Schltdl. Geraniaceae Apiaceae ◆ Weed - 3

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 191 Eryngium tricuspidatum L. Erysimum linifolium (Pers.) J.Gay Erythrina burttii Baker f. Apiaceae Brassicaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Erythrina caffra Thunb. Eryngium X tripartitum Desf. Erysimum X marshallii (Henfr.) Bois Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Apiaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed = Eryngium planum L. X Eryngium See: Cheiranthus X allionii hort., Erythrina chiapasana Krukoff unknown sp. Erysimum X allionii hort. nom. illeg Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Eryngium variifolium Coss Erysimum mutabile Boiss. & Heldr. Erythrina chiriquensis Krukoff Apiaceae Brassicaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. Erysimum odoratum Ehrh. Erythrina cobanensis Krukoff & Barneby Apiaceae Brassicaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae E ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Erythrina corallodendron L. Eryngium X zabelii hort. Erysimum perofskianum Fisch. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Apiaceae & C.A.Mey. = Eryngium alpinum L. X Eryngium Brassicaceae Erythrina costaricensis M.Micheli bourgatii Gouan. ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Erysimum X allionii hort. nom. illeg Erysimum pseudorhaeticum Erythrina crista-galli L. Brassicaceae Polatschek Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Erysimum X marshallii (Henfr.) Bois Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A ◆ Weed - 2 Erysimum pulchellum (Willd.) J.Gay Erythrina dominguezii Hassler Erysimum arenicola S.Wats. Brassicaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Brassicaceae Erysimum repandum L. Erythrina falcata Benth. Erysimum arenicolum (Piper) Hitchc. Brassicaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Erythrina flabelliformis Kearney Erysimum bicolor (Hornem.) DC. Erysimum scoparium (Brouss. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Brassicaceae ex Willd.) Wettst. Erythrina fulgens Sweet Brassicaceae Erysimum capitatum (Douglas Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed ex Hook.) Greene Erythrina fusca Lour. Brassicaceae Erysimum semperflorens (Schousb.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Wettst. ◆ Weed - 2 Brassicaceae Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Erythrina guatemalensis Krukoff Brassicaceae Erythrina abyssinica Lam. ex DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Erythrina haerdii Verdc. Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Brassicaceae Erythrina acanthocarpa E.Mey. See: Cheiranthus cheiri L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Erythrina herbacea L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed - N Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Erysimum comatum Pancic Erythrina amazonica Krukoff Brassicaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Erythrina hondurensis Standl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Erysimum crepidifolium Rchb. Erythrina americana Mill. Brassicaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Erythrina huehuetenangensis Krukoff ◆ Weed - 2 & Barneby Erythrina arborescens Roxb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Erysimum cuspidatum (M.Bieb.) DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Brassicaceae Erythrina humeana Spreng. Erythrina atitlanensis Krukoff & Barneby ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Erysimum decumbens (Schleicher Erythrina insignis Tod. Erythrina berenices Krukoff & Barneby ex Willd.) Dennst. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Brassicaceae Erythrina latissima E.Mey. ◆ Weed Erythrina berteroana Urb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Erysimum helveticum (Jacq.) DC. ◆ Weed Erythrina livingstoniana Baker Brassicaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Erythrina X bidwillii Lindl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Erythrina mexicana Krukoff Erysimum heritieri Kuntze = Erythrina crista-galli L. X Erythrina Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Brassicaceae herbacea L. Erythrina orientalis (L.) Murray Erysimum hieraciifolium L. Erythrina breviflora A.DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Brassicaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Erythrina pallida Britton & Rose Leguminosae - Papilionaceae

192 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Erythrina parcellii Bull. Erythronium hendersonii S.Watson Escallonia pulverulenta (Ruiz Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae & Pav.) Pers. Grossulariaceae Erythrina peruviana Krukoff Erythronium multiscapideum (Kellogg) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae A.Nelson & P.B.Kenn. Escallonia punctata DC. Liliaceae Grossulariaceae Erythrina rubrinervia Kunth Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Erythronium oregonum Applegate Escallonia resinosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Liliaceae Grossulariaceae Erythrina salviiflora Krukoff & Barneby Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Erythronium revolutum Sm. Escallonia revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Liliaceae Grossulariaceae Erythrina sandwicensis O.Deg. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Erythronium tuolumnense Applegate Escallonia X rockii Eastwood Liliaceae Grossulariaceae Erythrina secundiflora Brot. E = Escallonia macrantha Hook. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Erythrophysa transvaalensis Verdoorn & Arn. X Escallonia montevidensis Sapindaceae Erythrina senegalensis DC. (Cham. & Schltdl.) DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Erythrorhipsalis pilocarpa (Löfgr.) Berg. Escallonia rosea Griseb. Cactaceae Erythrina sigmoidea Hua Grossulariaceae = Rhipsalis pilocarpa Loefgr. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Escallonia rubra (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Erythrorhipsalis pulchra (Loefgr.) Erythrina speciosa Andrews Grossulariaceae Doweld Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Escallonia macrantha Hook. Cactaceae ◆ Weed & Arn. = Rhipsalis pulchra Lofgren ◆ Weed - 1 Erythrina standleyana Krukoff Erythroxylum argentinum O.E.Schulz Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Escallonia virgata (Ruiz & Pavón) Pers. Erythroxylaceae Grossulariaceae Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. Erythroxylum coca Lam. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Eschscholzia caespitosa Benth. Erythroxylaceae ◆ Weed Papaveraceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 4A ◆ Weed Erythrina X sykesii Barneby & Krukoff Escallonia alpina DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cham. Grossulariaceae = Erythrina coralloides DC. X Papaveraceae Erythrina lysistemon Hutch. Escallonia bifida Link & Otto ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Grossulariaceae Eschscholzia douglasii Benth. ◆ Weed - N Erythrina tahitensis Nadak. Papaveraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Escallonia X exoniensis Veitch ex Bean Escobaria aguirreana (Glass Grossulariaceae L. & R.A.Foster) N.P.Taylor = Escallonia rosea Griseb. X Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cactaceae Escallonia rubra (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed Escobaria albicolumnaria Hester Erythrina velutina Willd. Cactaceae Escallonia illinita C.Presl Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Grossulariaceae Escobaria asperispina (Boed.) Erythrina zeyheri Harv. D.R.Hunt Escallonia X iveyi Thurston Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cactaceae Grossulariaceae Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl. Escobaria chaffeyi Britton & Rose Escallonia laevis (Vell.) Sleum. Liliaceae Cactaceae Grossulariaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Escobaria chihuahuensis Britton & Rose Escallonia X langleyensis Veitch ex Mast. Erythronium californicum Purdy Cactaceae Grossulariaceae Liliaceae = Escallonia rubra (Ruiz & Pavón) Escobaria cubensis (Britton & Rose) Erythronium californicum Purdy. Pers. X Escallonia virgata (Ruiz D.R.Hunt X Erythronium tuolumnense & Pavón) Pers. Cactaceae Applegate Escallonia macrantha Hook. & Arn. Escobaria dasyacantha (Engelm.) Liliaceae Grossulariaceae Britton & Rose Erythronium dens-canis L. = Escallonia rubra (Ruiz & Pav.) Cactaceae Liliaceae Pers. var. macrantha (Hook. & Arn.) See: Escobaria duncanii (Hester) ◆ Weed - 2 Reiche Backeberg ◆ Weed - 2 Erythronium elegans Hammond Escobaria deserti (Engelm. ex S.Wats) & Chambers Escallonia montevidensis (Cham. Buxb. Liliaceae & Schltdl.) DC. Cactaceae Grossulariaceae See: Coryphantha chlorantha Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh (Engelm.) Britton & Rose Liliaceae Escallonia organensis Gardner Grossulariaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 193 Escobaria duncanii (Hester) Backeberg Espostoa blossfeldiorum (Werderm.) Benth. Cactaceae Buxb. Myrtaceae = Escobaria dasyacantha (Engelm.) Cactaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Britton & Rose var. duncanii (Hester) See: Thrixanthocereus Labill. N.P.Taylor blossfeldiorum (Werdermann) Myrtaceae Backeb., Thrixanthocereus Escobaria emskoetteriana (Quehl) Borg ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 cullmannianus F.Ritter Cactaceae Sm. See: Escobaria runyonii Britton Espostoa dautwitzii Backeb. Myrtaceae & Rose Cactaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 5 = Espostoa lanata (Kunth) Britton Escobaria henricksonii Glass & Rose R.T.Baker & R.A.Foster Myrtaceae Cactaceae Espostoa guentheri (Kupper) Buxb. E ◆ ex Eggli Weed - Nn Escobaria hesteri (Y.Wright) Buxbaum Cactaceae Eucalyptus calophylla Lindl. Cactaceae See: Vatricania guentheri (Kupper) Myrtaceae See: Coryphantha hesteri Y. Wright Backeb. = (Lindl.) Escobaria laredoi (Glass & R.A.Foster) Espostoa huanucoensis Johnson K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson ◆ N.P.Taylor ex F.Ritter Weed - Nn Cactaceae Cactaceae Dehnh. Escobaria minima (Baird) D.R.Hunt Espostoa hylaea F.Ritter Myrtaceae ◆ Cactaceae Cactaceae Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Escobaria missouriensis (Sweet) Espostoa lanata (Kunth) Britton & Rose R.T.Baker D.R.Hunt Cactaceae Myrtaceae ◆ Cactaceae See: Espostoa dautwitzii Backeb. Weed - Nn Escobaria orcuttii Bodecker Espostoa melanostele (Vaupel) Borg F.Müell. ex Benth. Cactaceae Cactaceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 Escobaria organensis Espostoa mirabilis F.Ritter (A.D.Zimmerman) Castetter, Pierce Cactaceae Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. & Schwerin Myrtaceae Cactaceae Espostoa nana F.Ritter = Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) Cactaceae K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson Escobaria radiosa (Engelm.) G.Frank ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 5 Cactaceae Espostoa ritteri Buining Cactaceae F.Müell. Escobaria robbinsorum (W.H.Earle) Myrtaceae D.R.Hunt Espostoa senilis (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Thrixanthocereus senilis F.Ritter Eucalyptus conferruminata D.Carr Escobaria roseana (Boed.) Buxb. & S.Carr Cactaceae Espostoopsis dybowskii (Rol.-Goss.) Buxb. Myrtaceae Escobaria runyonii Britton & Rose Cactaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Cactaceae See: Austrocephalocereus dybowskii Labill. = Escobaria emskoetteriana (Rol.-Goss.) Backeb. Myrtaceae (Quehl) Borg Ethulia conyzoides L. f. ◆ Weed - Nn Escobaria sneedii Britton & Rose Asteraceae Eucalyptus costata F.Müell. & Behr Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N ex F.Müell., L.A.S.Johnson Escobaria tuberculosa (Engelm.) cevuga (Seem.) R.M.Sm. & K.D.Hill Britton & Rose Zingiberaceae Myrtaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn Escobaria villardii Castetter, Pierce Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm. F.Müell. & Schwerin Zingiberaceae Myrtaceae Cactaceae See: Nicolaia elatior (Jack) Horan. ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed Escobaria vivipara (Nutt.) F.Buxb. Maiden Cactaceae Etlingera hemisphaerica (Blume) Myrtaceae See: Coryphantha vivipara (Nutt.) R.M.Sm. ◆ Weed - Nn Britton & Rose, Mammillaria Zingiberaceae R.T.Baker vivipara (Nutt.) Haw. Euadenia eminens Hook. f. Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Capparaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Escontria chiotilla (F.A.C.Weber) Rose H.Deane Sieber Cactaceae & Maiden ex Spreng. Myrtaceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn

194 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status H.Deane L’Hérit. Labill. & Maiden Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 Labill. Eucarpha deplanchei Brongn. & Griseb. F.Müell. Myrtaceae Proteaceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Eucharis amazonica Linden ex Planch. ◆ Weed - Nn Sm. Amaryllidaceae Eucalyptus ficifolia F.Müell. Myrtaceae Eucharis X grandiflora Planch. & Linden Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 4 - 5 Amaryllidaceae = Corymbia ficifolia (F.Müell.) Sieber ex Spreng. = Eucharis sanderi Baker X Eucharis K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson Myrtaceae moorei (Baker) Meerow ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - 2 E Labill. Eucalyptus pauciflora ssp. pauciflora Eucharis subedentata Benth. & Hook. f. Myrtaceae Sieber ex Spreng. Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Myrtaceae Euchiton audax (Drury) Anderb. DC. ◆ Weed - Nn Asteraceae Myrtaceae Sm. ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 5 Myrtaceae Euchiton japonicus (Thunb.) A.Anderb. F.Müell. ex Miq. ◆ Weed - Nn Asteraceae Myrtaceae Schauer See: Gnaphalium japonicum Thunb. ◆ Weed - Nn Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - 1 W.Hill ex Maiden ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Euchiton sphaericus (Willd.) A.Anderb. Myrtaceae Desf. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A Eucalyptus gummifera (Gaertn.) Hochr. ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 Euchlaena mexicana Schrad. Myrtaceae Sims Poaceae = Corymbia gummifera (Gaertn.) Myrtaceae = Zea mexicana (Schrad.) Kuntze K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson ◆ Weed - Nn - 5 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn F.Müell. Euclea crispa (Thunb.) Sond. ex Guerke Hook. f. Myrtaceae Ebenaceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 Euclea divinorum Hiern F.Müell. Ebenaceae (Schauer) Benth. Myrtaceae ◆ Weed Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Euclea natalensis A.DC. Sm. Ebenaceae F.Müell. Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Euclea pseudebenus E.Mey. ex A.DC. ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Ebenaceae Sm. H.Deane Euclea racemosa L. Myrtaceae & Maiden Ebenaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 5 Myrtaceae Euclidium syriacum (L.) R.Br. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Endl. Brassicaceae Myrtaceae Eucalyptus maculata Hook. ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - Nn Myrtaceae Euclinia longiflora Salisb. = Corymbia maculata (Hook.) Sm. Rubiaceae K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Eucodonia andrieuxii (DC.) Wiehler Gesneriaceae Donn ex Sm. A.Cunn. Myrtaceae ex Woolls Eucodonia verticillata (M.Martens ◆ Weed - Nn Myrtaceae & Galeotti) Wiehler ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 4 - 5 Gesneriaceae F.Müell. Myrtaceae Miq. Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chittenden ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 5 Myrtaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - Nn See: Eucomis undulata Aiton A.W.Howitt Myrtaceae Sm. Eucomis bicolor Baker ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Myrtaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 5 (H.Deane & Maiden) Eucomis comosa (Houtt) Wehrh Maiden Luehm. Liliaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae See: Eucomis punctata L’Hérit. ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 195 Eucomis humilis Baker Eugenia dombeyi (Spreng.) Skeels Eulophia graminea Lindl. Liliaceae Myrtaceae Orchidaceae = Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. ◆ Weed - N Eucomis montana Compton ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Liliaceae Eulophia keithii Ridl. Eugenia floribunda H.West ex Willd. Orchidaceae Eucomis pallidiflora Baker Myrtaceae Liliaceae Eulophia petersii Reichb. f. = Myrciaria floribunda (H.West Orchidaceae Eucomis pole-evansii N.E.Br. ex Willd.) O.Berg Liliaceae Eulophia streptopetala Lindl. Eugenia foetida Pers. Orchidaceae Eucomis punctata L’Hérit. Myrtaceae Liliaceae Eulophidium maculatum (Lindl.) Pfitzer Eugenia francisii F.M.Bailey = Eucomis comosa (Houtt) Wehrh Orchidaceae E Myrtaceae Eucomis regia Aiton = Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. Eugenia greggii Poir. Liliaceae Eulophidium saundersianum (Rchb. f.) Myrtaceae Eucomis undulata Aiton Summerh. Liliaceae Eugenia jambos L. Orchidaceae Myrtaceae = Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt. Eulychnia breviflora Phil. = Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Cactaceae Eucomis vandermerwei Verdoorn ◆ Weed - 1 Liliaceae See: Eulychnia saint-pieana F.Ritter, Eugenia luschnathiana Klotzsch Eulychnia spinibarbis (Otto) Britton Eucomis zambesiaca Baker ex O.Berg & Rose Liliaceae Myrtaceae Eulychnia castanea Phil. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Eugenia megacarpa Craib Cactaceae Eucommiaceae Myrtaceae Eulychnia iquiquensis (K.Schum.) Eucryphia cordifolia Cav. Eugenia michelii Lam. Britton & Rose Eucryphiaceae Myrtaceae Cactaceae Eucryphia glutinosa (Poepp. & Endl.) = Eugenia uniflora L. Eulychnia saint-pieana F.Ritter Baill. Eugenia natalitia Sond. Cactaceae Eucryphiaceae Myrtaceae = Eulychnia breviflora Phil. Eucryphia X intermedia J.Bausch Eugenia pendula DC. Eulychnia spinibarbis (Otto) Britton Eucryphiaceae Myrtaceae & Rose = Eucryphia glutinosa (Poepp. Cactaceae & Endl.) Baill. X Eucryphia lucida Eugenia pitra O.Berg = Eulychnia breviflora Phil. (Labill.) Baillon Myrtaceae Eumorphia prostrata Bolus Eucryphia X nymansensis J.Bausch Eugenia polyantha Wight Asteraceae Eucryphiaceae Myrtaceae = Eucryphia cordifolia Cav. = Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Euodia daniellii (Benn.) Hemsl. X Eucryphia glutinosa (Poepp. Walp. Rutaceae & Endl.) Baill. Eugenia pungens O.Berg Euodia fargesii Dode Eugenia aggregata Baker Myrtaceae Rutaceae Myrtaceae Eugenia smithii Poir. Euodia fraxinifolia (Hook.) Benth. Eugenia apiculata DC. Myrtaceae Rutaceae Myrtaceae = Luma apiculata (DC.) Burret Eugenia stipularis (O.Berg) Mattos alatus (Thunb.) Siebold ◆ Weed Myrtaceae Celastraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 - 5 Eugenia aromatica (L.) Baill. nom. illeg. Eugenia ugni Hook. & Arn. Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Euonymus americanus L. Celastraceae = Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. Eugenia uniflora L. & L.M.Perry Myrtaceae Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. Eugenia brachyandra Maiden & Betche See: Eugenia michelii Lam. Celastraceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. Eugenia ventenatii Benth. Euonymus bungeanus Maxim. Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Celastraceae See: Eugenia dombeyi (Spreng.) ◆ Weed Eugenia zeyheri Harv. Skeels Myrtaceae L. Eugenia carissoides F.Müell. Celastraceae Eulophia alta (L.) Fawc. & Rendle Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Orchidaceae Eugenia cyanocarpa (F.Müell.) Maiden Euonymus fimbriatus Wall. Eulophia gracilis Lindl. ex Ker Gawl. & Betche Celastraceae Orchidaceae Myrtaceae

196 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. Eupatorium coelestinum L. Euphorbia amygdaloides L. Celastraceae Asteraceae X Euphorbia characias L. See: Euonymus radicans (Siebold = Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. Euphorbiaceae ex Miq.) Siebold ex Miq. ◆ Weed - 3 Euphorbia aphylla Brouss. ex Willd. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Eupatorium fortunei Turcz. Euphorbiaceae Euonymus grandiflora Wall. ex Roxb. Asteraceae Celastraceae Euphorbia atrocarmesina L.C.Leach Eupatorium glandulosum Michx. Euphorbiaceae Euonymus hamiltonianus Wall. Asteraceae Euphorbia atropurpurea (Brouss.) Celastraceae = (Spreng.) Webb & Berthel. ◆ Weed - 2 King & Robinson ◆ Euphorbiaceae Euonymus hederaceus Champ. Weed Euphorbia australis Boiss. ex Benth. Eupatorium ligustrinum DC. E Euphorbiaceae Celastraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Euonymus japonicus Thunb. Eupatorium megalophyllum (Lem.) Klatt Euphorbia ballyi S.Carter Celastraceae Asteraceae Euphorbiaceae See: Euonymus microphyllus = Bartlettina sordida (Less.) nom. inval. R.M.King & H.Rob. Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Euphorbiaceae Eupatorium purpureum L. Euonymus kiautschovica Loes. Asteraceae Euphorbia barnardii White, Dyer Celastraceae ◆ Weed - 2 & Sloane ◆ Weed Euphorbiaceae Eupatorium riparium Regel Euonymus latifolius (L.) Mill. Asteraceae Euphorbia baylissii L.C.Leach Celastraceae = Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M.King Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 & H.Rob. Euphorbia biglandulosa Desf. Euonymus lucidus D.Don. ◆ Weed - 1 Euphorbiaceae Celastraceae Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. Euphorbia brittingeri Opiz ex Samp. Euonymus melananthus Franch. & Sav. Asteraceae Euphorbiaceae Celastraceae = Ageratina altissima (L.) R.M.King & H.Robinson Euphorbia bubalina Boiss. Euonymus microphyllus nom. inval. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Euphorbiaceae Celastraceae = Euonymus japonicus Thunb. Eupatorium serotinum Michx. Euphorbia bupleurifolia Jacq. ‘Microphyllus’ Asteraceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Euonymus myrianthus Hemsl. Euphorbia burmannii E.Mey. ex Boiss. Celastraceae Eupatorium sordidum Less. Euphorbiaceae Asteraceae Euonymus obovata Nutt. Euphorbia cameronii N.E.Br. = Bartlettina sordida (Less.) Celastraceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 R.M.King & H.Rob. ◆ Weed Euphorbia canariensis L. Euonymus oxyphyllus Miq. Euphorbiaceae Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl Celastraceae ◆ Weed Asteraceae Euonymus planipes (Koehne) Koehne = Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl) Euphorbia candelabrum Kotschy Celastraceae R.M.King & H.Rob. Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Euphorbia caput-medusae L. Euonymus radicans (Siebold ex Miq.) Euphorbia abyssinica J.F.Gmel. Euphorbiaceae Siebold ex Miq. Euphorbiaceae Celastraceae Euphorbia ceratocarpa Ten. = Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Euphorbia acanthothamnos Heldr. Euphorbiaceae Hand.-Mazz. var. radicans (Siebold & Sart. ex Boiss. ◆ Weed ex Miq.) Rehder Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia cereiformis L. Euonymus sieboldiana Blume Euphorbia aeruginosa Schweick. Euphorbiaceae Celastraceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia chamaesyce L. Eupatorium album L. Euphorbia aggregata Berger Euphorbiaceae Asteraceae Euphorbiaceae = Chamaesyce prostrata (Ait.) Small ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Euphorbia ammak Schweinf. Eupatorium atrorubens (Lem.) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia characias L. G.Nicholson Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia amygdaloides L. Asteraceae See: Euphorbia veneta Willd., Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia wulfenii Hoppe ex Eupatorium cannabinum L. ◆ Weed - 3 W.D.J.Koch Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 197 Euphorbia clava Jacq. Euphorbia echinus Hook. f. & Cosson Euphorbia greenwayi Bally & Carter Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia coerulescens Haw. Euphorbia enopla Boiss. Euphorbia griffithii Hook. f. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 Euphorbia enormis N.E.Br. Euphorbia colletioides Benth. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia griseola Pax Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia enterophora Drake Euphorbia confinalis A.Dyer Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia groenewaldii R.A.Dyer Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia epithymoides L. Euphorbia cooperi N.E.Br. ex A.Berger Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia hamata (Haw.) Sweet ◆ E Euphorbiaceae Weed - 1 - 2 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia corallioides L. Euphorbia evansii Pax Euphorbia helioscopia L. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Euphorbia exigua L. Euphorbia cornastra (Dressler) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia heptagona L. Radcl.-Sm. ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia falcata L. Euphorbia heterochroma Pax Euphorbia cornigera Boiss. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Euphorbiaceae Weed - N - 3 - 5 Euphorbia heterophylla L. Euphorbia corollata L. Euphorbia fasciculata Thunb. Euphorbiaceae ◆ Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - 3 Euphorbia fianarantsoae Ursch Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia cotinifolia L. & Leandri = Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Weed - 1 - 2 Euphorbia fimbriata Scop. Euphorbia hislopii N.E.Br. Euphorbia croizatii Leandri Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed Euphorbia horrida Boiss. Euphorbia cyathophora Murray Euphorbia flanaganii N.E.Br. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Euphorbia franckiana A.Berger Euphorbia hottentota Marloth Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia cylindrica White, Dyer Euphorbiaceae & Sloane Euphorbia fulgens Karw. ex Klotzsch Euphorbia hyberna L. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ ◆ Weed Euphorbia cylindrifolia Marn.-Lap. Weed & Rauh Euphorbia gariepina Boiss. Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae = Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small Euphorbia cyparissias L. Euphorbia genoudiana Ursch & Leandri ◆ Weed - 3A - 5 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Euphorbia inconstantia Dyer Euphorbia geroldii Rauh Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia davidii Subils Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia inermis Mill. ◆ Weed - N - 3A Euphorbia glauca G.Forst. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia dawei N.E.Br. Euphorbia ingens E.Mey. ex Boiss. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia globosa (Haw.) Sims Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Euphorbia decaryi Guillaumin Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia gorgonis Berger Euphorbia intisy Drake Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia decidua Bally & L.C.Leach Euphorbia gottlebei Rauh Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia jacquiniaeflora Hook. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia dendroides L. Euphorbia grandialata R.A.Dyer Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia kaokoensis (White, Dyer Euphorbiaceae & Sloane) L.C.Leach ◆ Weed - N Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia grandicornis Goebel Euphorbia dispersa L.C.Leach ex N.E.Br. Euphorbia knuthii Pax Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia dulcis L. Euphorbia grandidens Haw. Euphorbia lactea Haw. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2

198 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Euphorbia lambii Svent. Euphorbia milloti Ursch & Leandri Euphorbia polyacantha Boiss. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia lathyris L. Euphorbia misera Benth. Euphorbia polychroma A.Kern. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Euphorbia mlanjeana L.C.Leach Euphorbia ledienii A.Berger Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia polygona Haw. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia monteiroi Hook. f. ◆ Weed - 3 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia primulaefolia Baker Euphorbia leucocephala Lotsy Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia myrsinites L. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia prostrata Aiton ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 Euphorbiaceae E Euphorbia limpopoana L.C.Leach = Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small Euphorbia neohumbertii P.Bott. ex S.Carter ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia pseudocactus A.Berger Euphorbia nereidum Jahandiez & Maire Euphorbia longifolia D.Don Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia pteroneura A.Berger Euphorbia neriifolia L. Euphorbia lophogona Lam. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Euphorbia pugniformis Boiss. Euphorbia louwii L.C.Leach Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia nicaeensis All. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Euphorbia lyndenbergensis Schweick ex Klotzsch Euphorbia norfolkiana Boiss. & Letty Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Euphorbia obesa Hook. f. Euphorbia magnicapsula S.Carter Euphorbia quadrangularis Pax. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed Euphorbia X malahidensis Radcl.- Sm. Euphorbia quadrilatera L.Leach Euphorbia oncoclada Drake Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae = Euphorbia amygdaloides L. Euphorbia ramipressa L.Croiz. ‘Purpurea’ X Euphorbia characias L. Euphorbia opuntioides Welw. ex Hiern Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia malevola L.C.Leach Euphorbia regis-jubae Webb & Berthel. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia ornithopus Jacq. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia mammillaris L. Euphorbia resinifera O.Berg Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia palustris L. & C.F.Schmidt Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia margalidiana Kuhbier Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed & Lewejohann Euphorbia richardsiae L.C.Leach Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia paralias L. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia marginata Pursh ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Euphorbia rigida M.Bieb. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 Euphorbia pentagona Haw. ◆ Weed - 2 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia X martini Rouy Euphorbia robbiae Turill. Euphorbiaceae L. Euphorbiaceae = Euphorbia amygdaloides L. Euphorbiaceae X Euphorbia characias L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Euphorbia royleana Boiss. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia mauritanica L. Euphorbia perangusta R.A.Dyer Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia scheffleri Pax. ◆ Weed - 3 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia persistentifolia L.C.Leach Euphorbia mellifera Ait. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia schillingii A.Radcliffe-Smith Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia phosphorea Mart. ◆ Weed - 2 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia schinzii Pax. Euphorbia meloformis Ait. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia pillansii N.E.Br. Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia memoralis R.A.Dyer Euphorbia schoenlandii Pax Euphorbia platyclada Rauh Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia milii Des Moul. Euphorbia segetalis L. Euphorbia platyphyllos L. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 199 Euphorbia seguierana Neck. Euphorbia transvaalensis Schltr. Euphrasia officinalis L. nom. ambig. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed = Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne Euphorbia triangularis Desf. ex A.Berger ◆ Weed - 3 Euphorbia serrulata Thuill. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne Euphorbia tridentata Lam. See: Euphorbia stricta L. Scrophulariaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed See: Euphrasia officinalis L., Euphorbia trigona Haw. nom. ambig. Euphorbia sikkimensis Boiss. Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed Euptelea pleiosperma Hook. f. Euphorbia sipolisii N.E.Br. Euphorbia tuberculata Jacq. & Thomson Euphorbiaceae E Euphorbiaceae Eupteleaceae Euphorbia spinosa L. Euphorbia tuberculatoides N.E.Br. Euptelea polyandra Sieb. & Zucc. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Eupteleaceae ◆ Weed Euphorbia uhligiana Pax Eurotia ceratoides (L.) C.A.Mey. Euphorbia splendens Bojer ex Hook. Euphorbiaceae Chenopodiaceae Euphorbiaceae = Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) ◆ Weed Euphorbia undulatifolia Janse Gueldenst. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia squarrosa Haw. Eurya brevistyla Kob. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia valida N.E.Br. Theaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia stellaespina Haw. Eurya emarginata (Thunb.) Makino Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia veneta Willd. Theaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia stenoclada H.Baill. ◆ Weed - 5 = Euphorbia characias L. ssp. Euphorbiaceae wulfenii (Hoppe ex W.D.J.Koch) Eurya japonica Thunb. Euphorbia stevenii Bailey Radcl.-Sm. Theaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia villosa Waldst. & Kit. Eurya loquiana Dunn ◆ Weed - Nn Euphorbiaceae Theaceae Euphorbia stricta L. ◆ Weed Eurya macartneyi Champ. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia virosa Willd. Theaceae = Euphorbia serrulata Thuill. Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Eurya muricata Dunn Euphorbia wallichii Hook. f. Theaceae Euphorbia submammillaris (Berger) Euphorbiaceae Berger Euryangium sumbul Kauffman Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia whellanii L.C.Leach Apiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia supina Raf. Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass. ex Nees Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia wildii L.C.Leach Asteraceae = Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small Euphorbiaceae See: Aster macrophyllus L. ◆ Weed - 3 Euphorbia wulfenii Hoppe Eurybia sibirica (L.) Nesom Euphorbia susannae Marloth ex W.D.J.Koch Asteraceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae See: Aster sibiricus L. = Euphorbia characias L. ssp. Euphorbia symmetrica White, Dyer Eurychone rothschildiana (O’Brien) wulfenii (Hoppe ex W.D.J.Koch) & Sloane Schltr. Radcl.-Sm. Euphorbiaceae Orchidaceae Euphorbia xylophylloides Brongn. Euphorbia teixeirae L.C.Leach Eurycles amboinensis (L.) Lindl. ex Lem. Euphorbiaceae Liliaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia terracina L. Eurycoma longifolia Jack Euphorbia zoutpansbergensis Euphorbiaceae Simaroubaceae R.A.Dyer ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Euphorbiaceae Eurycorymbus cavaleriei (H.Lèv.) Euphorbia tetracanthoides Pax Rehder & Hand.-Mazz. Euphoria longan (Lour.) Steud. Euphorbiaceae Sapindaceae Sapindaceae Euphorbia tetragona Haw. = Dimocarpus longan Lour. Euryops abrotanifolius (L.) DC. Euphorbiaceae Asteraceae Euphoria longana Lam. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Euphorbia tirucalli L. Sapindaceae Euphorbiaceae = Dimocarpus longan Lour. Euryops acraeus M.D.Henders. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Asteraceae Euphoria malaiensis (Griff.) Radlk. Euphorbia tortilis Rottler ex W.Ainslie Sapindaceae Euryops athanasiae (L. f.) Less. ex Harv. Euphorbiaceae Asteraceae

200 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Euryops chrysanthemoides (DC.) Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinners Excoecaria bicolor (Hassk.) Zoll. B.Nord. Gentianaceae ex Hassk. Asteraceae = Eustoma exaltatum (L.) Salisb. Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 ex G.Don ssp. russellianum (Hook.) Excoecaria bussei Pax Kartesz Euryops cuneatus B.Nord. Euphorbiaceae Asteraceae Eustoma russellianum (Hook.) G.Don Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour. Gentianaceae Euryops dacrydioides Oliv.. Euphorbiaceae See: Lisianthius russellianus Hook. Asteraceae Exocarpus cupressiformis Lab. Eutaxia empetrifolia Schlecht. Euryops empetrifolius DC. Santalaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae Exocarpus strictus R.Br. ◆ Weed - 3 Euterpe edulis Mart. Santalaceae Arecaceae E Euryops evansii Schltr. Exochorda albertii Regel Asteraceae Euterpe oleracea Mart. Rosaceae Arecaceae Euryops linearis Harv. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Exochorda giraldii Hesse Asteraceae Rosaceae Euterpe precatoria Mart. Euryops linifolius DC. = Exochorda racemosa (Lindl.) Arecaceae Asteraceae Rehder ssp. giraldii (Hesse) F.Y.Gao Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. & Maesen Euryops multifidus (Thunb.) DC. Asteraceae Asteraceae Exochorda korolkowii Lavallee See: Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Euryops oligoglossus DC. Exochorda X macrantha (Lemoine) Euzomodendron bourgeanum Cosson Asteraceae C.K.Schneid. Brassicaceae Rosaceae Euryops pectinatus (L.) Cass. Evax pygmaea (L.) Brot. = Exochorda racemosa (Lindl.) Asteraceae Asteraceae Rehder ssp. racemosa ‘The Bride’ See: Othonna pectinata L. ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed Exochorda racemosa (Lindl.) Rehder Evodia daniellii (Benn.) Hemsl. Rosaceae Euryops pinnatipartitus (DC.) B.Nord. Rutaceae See: Exochorda giraldii Hesse, Asteraceae Exochorda X macrantha (Lemoine) Evodia hupehensis Dode Euryops speciosissimus DC. C.K.Schneid. Rutaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - 3 Evolvulus arbuscula Poir. Exochorda tianschanica Gontsch. Convolvulaceae Euryops tenuissimus (L.) DC. Rosaceae Asteraceae Evolvulus glomeratus Nees & Mart. Exomis axyrioides Fenzl ex Moq. ◆ Weed - 3 Convolvulaceae Chenopodiaceae ◆ Weed Euryops virgineus Less. Eysenhardtia texana Scheele Asteraceae Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Convolvulaceae Euryops wageneri Compton ◆ Weed - N - 1 Asteraceae Evolvulus nuttallianus J.A.Schultes Euscaphis japonica (Thunb.) Kanitz Convolvulaceae Staphyleaceae See: Evolvulus pilosus Nutt. Eustachys distichophylla (Lag.) Nees Evolvulus pilosus Nutt. Poaceae Convolvulaceae See: Chloris distichophylla Lag. = Evolvulus nuttallianus J.A.Schultes ◆ Weed - N - 1A Evolvulus sericeus Sw. Eustachys paspaloides (Vahl) Lanza Convolvulaceae & Mattei ◆ Weed - 3 Poaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Exacum affine Balf. f. Gentianaceae Eustigma oblongifolium Gardner & Champ. Exarrhena macrantha Hook. f. Hamamelidaceae Boraginaceae See: Myosotis macrantha hort. Eustoma exaltatum (L.) Salisb. ex G.Don Gentianaceae Exbucklandia populnea (R.Br. ex Griff.) See: Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) R.W.Br. Shinners Hamamelidaceae ◆ Weed - 3

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 201 E

202 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Ficus aurea F Credit: Forest & Kim Starr Fabiana densa Remy Faidherbia albida (Delile) A.Chev. Fargesia nitida (Mitford) Keng f. Solanaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ex T.P.Yi See: Acacia albida Delile Poaceae Fabiana imbricata Ruiz & Pav. ◆ Weed Solanaceae Fascicularia bicolor (Ruiz & Pavon) Mez Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby Bromeliaceae Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.-Bip. & J.W.Grimes ◆ Weed Asteraceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Fascicularia pitcairniifolia (Verlot) Mez See: Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Bromeliaceae Facheiroa chaetacantha (F.Ritter) I.C.Nielsen ◆ Weed - 2 P.J.Braun & Esteves ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 F Cactaceae X Fatshedera lizei (Cochet) Guillaumin Falcatifolium falciforme (Parl.) de Laub. Araliaceae Facheiroa estevesii P.J.Braun Podocarpaceae Cactaceae (Thunb.) Decne. Falcatifolium taxoides (Brongn. & Planch. Facheiroa tenebrosa P.Braun & E.Esteves & Griseb.) de Laub. Araliaceae Cactaceae Podocarpaceae See: Aralia sieboldii K.Koch Facheiroa ulei (Gürke) Werderm. Fallopia aubertii (L.Henry) Holub ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Cactaceae Polygonaceae Fatsia oligocarpella Koidz. = Polygonum aubertii L.Henry Fagara hyemalis (A.St.-Hil.) Engl. Araliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Rutaceae Faucaria albidens N.E.Br. Fallopia baldschuanica (Regel) Holub Fagara mantchurica (Bennet) Honda Aizoaceae Rutaceae Polygonaceae = Polygonum baldschuanicum Regel Faucaria bosscheana Schwantes Fagonia cretica L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Aizoaceae Zygophyllaceae ◆ Weed Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A.Love Faucaria britteniae L.Bolus Polygonaceae Aizoaceae Fagopyrum cymosum (Trev.) Meisn. See: Polygonum convolvulus L. Faucaria cradockensis L.Bolus Polygonaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 = Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Aizoaceae Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. H.Hara Faucaria duncanii L.Bolus Polygonaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Aizoaceae See: Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don.) Hara. & Zucc., Reynoutria japonica Houtt. Faucaria felina Schwantes Polygonaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Aizoaceae See: Fagopyrum cymosum (Trev.) Meisn. Fallopia sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Faucaria kingiae L.Bol. ◆ Weed - 2 Ronse Decr. Aizoaceae Polygonaceae Faucaria multidens L.Bolus Fagopyrum esculentum Moench See: Polygonum sachalinense Aizoaceae Polygonaceae F.Schmidt ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Faucaria subintegra L.Bolus Aizoaceae auriculata Jack Fallugia paradoxa (D.Don) Endl. Loganiaceae Rosaceae Faucaria tigrina (Haw.) Schwantes Aizoaceae Fagraea fragrans Roxb. Famatina herbertiana (Lindl.) Ravenna Loganiaceae Liliaceae Faucaria tuberculosa Schwantes Aizoaceae Fagraea schlechteri Gilg & Benedict Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam. Loganiaceae Asteraceae Faurea saligna Harv. Fagus crenata Blume See: Ligularia tussilaginea Proteaceae Fagaceae (Burman. f.) Makino Faurea speciosa (Welw.) Welw. ◆ Weed Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. Proteaceae Fagaceae Farfugium tussilagineum (Burm. f.) Fedia graciliflora Fischer & C.A.Mey. ◆ Weed - 2 Kitam. Valerianaceae Asteraceae Fagus orientalis Lipsky ◆ Weed - N Fagaceae Fargesia dracocephala T.P.Yi Feijoa sellowiana (O.Berg) O.Berg ◆ Weed - 1 Poaceae Myrtaceae Fagus sylvatica L. Fargesia murielae (Gamble) T.P.Yi = Acca sellowiana (O.Berg) Burret Fagaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 203 Felicia aethiopica (Burm. f.) Grau Feretia aeruginescens Stapf Ferocactus horridus Britton & Rose Asteraceae Rubiaceae Cactaceae = Ferocactus peninsulae (Engelm. Felicia amelloides (L.) Voss Fernandoa madagascariensis (Baker) ex F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose Asteraceae A.H.Gentry ◆ Weed - 2A Bignoniaceae Ferocactus johnstonianus Britton & Rose Cactaceae Felicia amoena (Sch.Bip) Levyns Fernandoa magnifica Seem. Asteraceae Bignoniaceae Ferocactus latispinus (Haw.) Britton See: Aster pappei Harv., Felicia & Rose Ferocactus acanthodes (Lem.) Britton pappei Hutchinson Cactaceae & Rose ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae Ferocactus lecontei (Engelm.) Britton Felicia angustifolia (Jacq.) Nees = Ferocactus cylindraceus & Rose Asteraceae (Engelm.) Orc. Cactaceae ◆ Weed = Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelm.) Ferocactus alamosanus Britton & Rose Orc. var. lecontei (Engelm.) H.Bravo F Felicia bergeriana (Spreng.) O.Hoffm. Cactaceae ex Zahlbr. Ferocactus lindsayi Bravo Ferocactus chrysacanthus (Orcutt) Asteraceae Britton & Rose Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae Ferocactus macrodiscus (C.Martius) Felicia dregei DC. Ferocactus covillei Britton & Rose Britton & Rose Asteraceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Felicia echinata (Thunb.) Nees = Ferocactus emoryi (Engelm.) Ferocactus melocactiformis (DC.) Asteraceae Backeb. Britton & Rose Felicia elongata O.Hoffm. ex Zahlbr. Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orc. Cactaceae Asteraceae Cactaceae = Ferocactus histrix (DC.) G.E.Linds. See: Ferocactus acanthodes (Lem.) Felicia erigeroides DC. Ferocactus peninsulae (Engelm. Britton & Rose, Ferocactus lecontei Asteraceae ex F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose (Engelm.) Britton & Rose Cactaceae Felicia filifolia (Vent.) Burtt Davy Ferocactus diguetii Britton & Rose See: Ferocactus horridus Britton Asteraceae Cactaceae & Rose ◆ Weed - 3 Ferocactus echidne (DC.) Britton Ferocactus pilosus (Salm-Dyck) Felicia fragilis Cass. & Rose Werderm. Asteraceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Felicia fruticosa (L.) G.Nicholson See: Ferocactus victoriensis (Rose) See: Ferocactus stainesii (Hook.) Asteraceae Backeb. Britton & Rose See: Diplopappus fruticosus (L.) Ferocactus emoryi (Engelm.) Backeb. Ferocactus pottsii (Salm-Dyck) Backeb. Levyns Cactaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed See: Ferocactus covillei Britton Ferocactus rectispinus (Engelm.) Felicia heterophylla (Cass.) Grau & Rose, Ferocactus rectispinus Britton & Rose Asteraceae (Engelm.) Britton & Rose Cactaceae ◆ Weed Ferocactus flavovirens (Scheidw.) = Ferocactus emoryi (Engelm.) Felicia hyssopifolia Nees Britton & Rose Backeb. Asteraceae Cactaceae Ferocactus recurvus (Mill.) Borg Felicia pappei Hutchinson Ferocactus fordii (Orc.) Britton & Rose Cactaceae Asteraceae Cactaceae Ferocactus robustus (Pfeiffer) Britton = Felicia amoena (Sch.Bip.) Levyns Ferocactus glaucescens Britton & Rose & Rose Felicia petiolata (Harv.) N.E.Br. Cactaceae Cactaceae Asteraceae Ferocactus gracilis H.E.Gates Ferocactus santa-maria Britton & Rose See: Aster petiolatus (Hook. f.) Cactaceae Cactaceae F.Müell. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Ferocactus haematacanthus (Salm-Dyck) Ferocactus schwarzii G.E.Linds. Bravo ex Backeb. & F.M.Knuth Cactaceae Felicia rotundifolia G.C.Taylor Cactaceae Asteraceae Ferocactus setispinus (Engelm.) ◆ Weed Ferocactus hamatacanthus L.D.Benson (Muehlenpf.) Britton & Rose Cactaceae Felicia uliginosa (J.M.Wood Cactaceae = Thelocactus setispinus (Engelm.) & M.S.Evans) Grau E.F.Anderson Asteraceae Ferocactus herrerae G.Ortega Cactaceae Ferocactus stainesii (Hook.) Britton Fendlera rupicola Engelm. & A.Gray & Rose Hydrangeaceae Ferocactus histrix (DC.) G.E.Linds. Cactaceae Cactaceae Fenestraria aurantiaca N.E.Br. = Ferocactus pilosus (Salm-Dyck) See: Ferocactus melocactiformis Aizoaceae Werderm. (DC.) Britton & Rose

204 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Ferocactus tiburonensis (G.E.Linds.) alpina Suter Festuca nigrescens Lam. Backeb. Poaceae Poaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N Festuca ampla Hack. Ferocactus townsendianus Britton Poaceae Festuca ovina L. & Rose ◆ Weed Poaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 Schreb. Ferocactus victoriensis (Rose) Backeb. Poaceae Festuca paniculata (L.) Schinz & Thell. Cactaceae See: Festuca elatior L. Poaceae = Ferocactus echidne (DC.) Britton ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 & Rose Huds. Festuca arvernensis Auquier, Poaceae Ferocactus viridescens (Torr. & A.Gray) Kerguélen & Markgr.-Dann See: pratense (Huds.) Darbysh. Britton & Rose Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Cactaceae ◆ Weed Festuca rochelii Steud. Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton Festuca brevipila R.Tracey Poaceae F & Rose Poaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 3 L. Poaceae Feronia elephantum Festuca caerulescens Desf. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Rutaceae Poaceae Festuca scirpifolia (J.Presl) Kunth crispa Burm. Festuca christianii-bernardii Kerguélen Poaceae Iridaceae Poaceae See: Ferraria undulata L. Festuca scoparia Hook. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Festuca cinerea Vill. Poaceae Poaceae = litorosa Cheeseman Ferraria densepunctulata M.P.de Vos Iridaceae Festuca coerulescens Desf. Festuca spadicea L. Poaceae Poaceae Ferraria divaricata Sweet Iridaceae Festuca elatior L. Festuca tenuifolia Sibth. Poaceae Poaceae Ferraria ferrariola (Jacq.) Willd. = Festuca arundinacea Schreb. = Festuca filiformis Pourr. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - 3 Ferraria schaeferi Dinter Festuca eskia Ramond ex DC. Festuca valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaudin Iridaceae Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed Festuca gautieri (Hackel) K.Richter ◆ Weed Ferraria uncinata Sweet Poaceae Festuca varia Haenke Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae ◆ Weed Festuca geniculata Cav. Festuca violacea Schleich. ex Gaudin Ferraria undulata L. Poaceae Iridaceae Poaceae = Burm. Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill. Festuca arundinacea Schreb.x Lolium Poaceae Ferula assa-foetida L. multiflorum Lam. X L. = Lolium giganteum (L.) S.J.Darbys. Poaceae Apiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 See: Ferula foetida (Bunge) Regel = Festuca arundinacea Schreb. ◆ Weed Festuca glauca Vill. X Lolium X boucheanum Kunth Poaceae Ferula communis L. Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medik. Apiaceae Festuca gracillima Hook. f. Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N Poaceae ◆ Weed Ferula foetida (Bunge) Regel Festuca heterophylla Lam. Ficaria verna Huds. Apiaceae Poaceae Ranunculaceae = Ferula assa-foetida L. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 = Ranunculus ficaria L. ◆ Weed - 1A Ferula linkii Webb & Berthel. Festuca huonii Auquier Apiaceae Poaceae Ficus adenospermum Miq. Moraceae Ferula tingitana L. Festuca idahoensis Elmer Apiaceae Poaceae Ficus afghanistanica Warb. ◆ Weed Moraceae Ferulago galbanifera (Lobel) Mill. Apiaceae Festuca kronenbergii Hack. Ficus afzelii G.Don nom. inval. ◆ Weed Poaceae Moraceae = Ficus saussureana DC. Fessia greilhuberi (Speta) F.Speta Festuca magellanica Lam. Hyacinthaceae Poaceae Ficus altissima Blume Moraceae Festuca acanthophylla E.Desv. Festuca mairei St.-Yves ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 Poaceae Poaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 205 Ficus aspera G.Forst. Ficus henryi Warb. Ficus pretoriae Burtt Davy Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Ficus aurea Nutt. Ficus hillii F.M.Bailey L. Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Ficus auriculata Lour. Ficus ingens (Miq.) Miq. Moraceae Moraceae Ficus radicans Desf. Moraceae Ficus bellingeri C.Moore Ficus kurzii King ◆ Weed Moraceae Moraceae Ficus religiosa L. L. Ficus langkokensis Drake Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 4 - 5 Ficus laurifolia Royle Ficus retusa L. L. Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae F Ficus longifolia Schott ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 Moraceae Ficus robusta Corner Ficus binnendijkii Miq. Ficus lucida Aiton Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Ficus rotundifolia Roxb. Ficus brachylepis Hien Ficus lutea Vahl Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Desf. ex Vent. Ficus brasiliensis Link See: Ficus vogelii (Miq.) Miq. Moraceae Moraceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Ficus burkei (Miq.) Miq. Ficus lyrata Warb. Ficus sagittata Vahl Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae ◆ Weed Ficus burtt-davyi Hutch. Ficus salicifolia Warb. Moraceae Ficus maclellandii King Moraceae Moraceae Ficus cannonii (W.Bull ex Van Houtte) = Ficus cordata Thunb. ssp. salicifolia N.E.Br. Ficus monckii Hassl. (Vahl) C.C.Berg Moraceae Moraceae ◆ Weed Ficus capensis Thunb. Ficus mysorensis B.Heyne ex Roth Ficus saussureana DC. Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae See: Ficus afzelii G.Don nom. inval. Ficus carica L. Ficus natalensis Hochst. Moraceae Moraceae Ficus sonderi Miq. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 See: Ficus triangularis Warb. Moraceae Ficus celebensis Corner Ficus neriifolia Sm. Ficus stipulata Thunb. Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Ficus cordata Thunb. Ficus nuda Miq. Ficus stuhlmannii Warb. Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Ficus craterostoma Mildbr. & Burret Ficus nymphaeifolia Mill. Ficus subcuneata Miq. Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Ficus cumingii Miq. Ficus organensis Miq. Ficus sur Forssk. Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae ◆ Weed - 3 Ficus dammaropsis Diels Ficus palmata Forssk. Moraceae Moraceae Ficus sycomorus L. ◆ Weed Moraceae Ficus deltoidea Jack Moraceae Ficus palmeri S.Watson Ficus thonningii Blume Moraceae Moraceae Thunb. ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Moraceae Ficus pandurata Hance ◆ Weed - Nn Moraceae Ficus triangularis Warb. Moraceae Ficus dryepondtiana Gentil Ficus petiolaris Kunth = Ficus natalensis Hochst. ssp. Moraceae Moraceae leprieurii (Miq.) Berg Ficus erecta Thunb. Ficus philippinensis Miq. Ficus vallis-choudae Del. Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Ficus eucalyptoides Batt. & Trab. Ficus pleurocarps F.Müell. Ficus variolosa Lindl. Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Ficus formosana Maxim. Ficus prasinicarpa Elmer Moraceae Moraceae

206 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Ficus villosa Blume Fimbristylis albovirides C.B.Clarke Flacourtia sepiaria Roxb. Moraceae Cyperaceae Flacourtiaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 3A bidentis (L.) Kuntze Ficus vogeliana Miq. Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roem. & Schult. Asteraceae Moraceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 See: Fimbristylis baldwiniana Ficus vogelii (Miq.) Miq. Flemingia congesta Roxb. ex W.T.Aiton (Schult.) Torr. Moraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 = Ficus lutea Vahl = Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merr. Fimbristylis baldwiniana (Schult.) Torr. Ficus zambesiaca Hutchinson Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merr. Cyperaceae Moraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roem. See: Flemingia congesta Roxb. Filago gallica L. & Schult. ex W.T.Aiton Asteraceae Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) Kunth ◆ Weed - N - 1 = Logfia gallica (L.) Cosson & Germ. Cyperaceae ◆ F Weed - 1A - 3 = Fimbristylis umbellaris (L.) Vahl Flemingia strobilifera (L.) W.T.Aiton Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Filago pygmaea L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Asteraceae Fimbristylis umbellaris (L.) Vahl ◆ Weed - N Cyperaceae Flickingeria kelsallii (Ridl.) A.D.Hawkes Orchidaceae Filago pyramidata L. See: Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) Asteraceae Kunth Flickingeria padangensis (Schltr.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed A.D.Hawkes Orchidaceae Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.) Finschia chloroxantha Diels Thwaites ex Hook. f. Proteaceae Flickingeria rhipidoloba (Schltr.) Sapindaceae Firmiana platanifolia (L. f.) Marsili A.D.Hawkes ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Sterculiaceae Orchidaceae Filipendula camtschatica (Pall.) Maxim. = Firmiana simplex (L.) W.Wight Flickingeria xantholeuca (Rchb. f.) Rosaceae Firmiana simplex (L.) W.Wight A.D.Hawkes ◆ Weed - 2 Sterculiaceae Orchidaceae Filipendula glabra Nakai ex Kom. See: Firmiana platanifolia (L. f.) Marsili brayleyana F.Müell. ◆ Rosaceae Weed - 1 Rutaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 5 Filipendula hexapetala Gilib. nom. inval. Fittonia albivenis (Lindl. ex Veitch) Rosaceae Brummitt Florestina tripteris DC. = Filipendula vulgaris Moench Acanthaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Filipendula kamtschatica (Pall.) Maxim. Rosaceae Fittonia gigantea Linden ex André Floscopa robusta (Seub.) C.B.Clarke ◆ Weed - 2 Acanthaceae Commelinaceae Filipendula koreana Nakai Fittonia verschaffeltii (Lem.) Van Houtte Flourensia laurifolia DC. Rosaceae Acanthaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed Filipendula palmata (Pall.) Maxim. Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt Rosaceae Fitzroya cupressoides (Molina) Euphorbiaceae I.M.Johnst. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Cupressaceae Filipendula purpurea Maxim. Fockea angustifolia K.Schum. Flacourtia cataphracta Roxb. ex Willd. Rosaceae Asclepiadaceae Flacourtiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 = Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Fockea crispa Schum. Filipendula rubra (Hill) Robins. Raeusch. Asclepiadaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed Fockea edulis (Thunb.) K.Schum. ◆ Weed - 2 Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Asclepiadaceae Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. Flacourtiaceae Fockea multiflora K.Schum. Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Asclepiadaceae See: Spiraea ulmaria L. Flacourtia inermis Roxb. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Foeniculum officinale All. Flacourtiaceae Apiaceae Filipendula vulgaris Moench ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch. See: Filipendula hexapetala Gilib. Apiaceae Flacourtiaceae nom. inval. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 See: Flacourtia cataphracta Roxb. ◆ Weed ex Willd. Foetidia mauritiana Lam. Fimbristylis aestivalis (Retz.) Vahl ◆ Weed - N - 1A Lecythidaceae Cyperaceae Flacourtia sapida Roxb. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 Flacourtiaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 207 Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) A.Henry Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle Fragaria virginiana Mill. & H.H.Thomas Rutaceae Rosaceae Cupressaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 fortunei Carrière Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle Frailea albiareolata Buining & Brederoo Oleaceae X Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Cactaceae = Fontanesia phillyreoides Labill. Swingle = Frailea pumila Britton & Rose Rutaceae Fontanesia phillyreoides Labill. Frailea asterioides Werderm. Oleaceae Fosterella penduliflora (C.H.Wright) Cactaceae See: Fontanesia fortunei Carrière L.B.Sm. Frailea castanea Backeb. ◆ Weed Bromeliaceae Cactaceae Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. Fosterella villosula (Harms) L.B.Smith Frailea cataphracta Britton & Rose Fontinalaceae Bromeliaceae Cactaceae Fordiophyton fordii (Oliv.) Krasser Fothergilla gardenii L. Frailea chiquitana Cárdenas F Melastomataceae Hamamelidaceae Cactaceae neomexicana A.Gray Fothergilla major G.Lodd. Frailea curvispina Buining & Brederoo Oleaceae Hamamelidaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed Fothergilla monticola Ashe Frailea gracillima Britton & Rose europaea Degen & Bald. Hamamelidaceae Cactaceae Oleaceae Fouquieria burragei Rose Frailea grahliana Britton & Rose Forsythia giraldiana Lingelsh. Fouquieriaceae Cactaceae Oleaceae Fouquieria columnaris (Kellogg) ◆ Weed - 2 Frailea ignacionensis Buining & G.Moser Kellogg ex Curran Cactaceae Forsythia X intermedia Zabel Fouquieriaceae Oleaceae Frailea mammifera Buining & Brederoo Fouquieria diguetii (Tiegh.) I.M.Johnst. = (Thunb.) Vahl Cactaceae Fouquieriaceae X Lindl. Frailea phaeodisca (Speg.) Backeb. ◆ Weed - 2 Fouquieria fasciculata (Willd. ex Roem. & F.M.Knuth & Schult.) Nash Forsythia japonica Makino Cactaceae Fouquieriaceae Oleaceae Frailea pumila Britton & Rose Fouquieria macdougalii Nash (Rehder) Nakai Cactaceae Fouquieriaceae Oleaceae See: Frailea albiareolata Buining Fouquieria splendens Engelm. & Brederoo Nakai Fouquieriaceae Oleaceae Frailea pygmaea Britton & Rose ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Cactaceae Fourcroya gigantea Engl. Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl Frailea schilinzkyana (Haage jr.) Amaryllidaceae Oleaceae Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - 2 Fragaria X ananassa Duch. Cactaceae Rosaceae Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl Francoa appendiculata Cav. = Fragaria virginiana Mill. X Fragaria X Forsythia viridissima Lindl. Saxifragaceae chiloensis (L.) Mill. [most probable Oleaceae combination] Francoa ramosa D.Don = Forsythia X intermedia Zabel ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Saxifragaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill. Forsythia viridissima Lindl. Rosaceae Francoa sonchifolia (Willd.) Cav. Oleaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Saxifragaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Fragaria grandiflora Ehrh. Frangula alnus Mill. Fortunearia sinensis Rehder & Wilson Rosaceae Rhamnaceae Hamamelidaceae = Fragaria X ananassa Duch. var. See: frangula L. Fortunella calamondin nom. inval. cuneifolia (Nutt. ex T.J.Howell) ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Rutaceae Staudt Frangula californica (Eschsch.) A.Gray = X Citrofortunella microcarpa Fragaria indica Andrews Rhamnaceae (Bunge) Wijnands Rosaceae See: Rhamnus californica Eschsch. Fortunella crassifolia Swingle = Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke Frangula caroliniana (Walter) A.Gray Rutaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Rhamnaceae ◆ Weed Fragaria vesca L. See: Rhamnus caroliniana Walter Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Rutaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed

208 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Frangula purshiana (DC.) J.G.Cooper japonica Blume ex K.Koch Freesia alba (G.L.Mey.) Gumbl. Rhamnaceae Oleaceae Iridaceae See: Rhamnus purshiana DC. ◆ Weed - 5 Benth. ◆ Weed Oleaceae Freesia alba (G.L.Mey.) Gumbl. X Frangula rubra (Greene) V.Grub. ◆ Weed Freesia corymobosa (Burm. f.) N.E.Br. Rhamnaceae Iridaceae Fraxinus macrophylla Hoffm. See: Rhamnus rubra E.Greene Oleaceae Freesia alba (G.L.Mey.) Gumbl. laevis L. X Freesia leichtlinii Klatt Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. Frankeniaceae Iridaceae Oleaceae ◆ Weed See: Freesia X hybrida sensu Marshall ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Frankenia pulverulenta L. Oleaceae Frankeniaceae Freesia caryophyllacea (Burm. f.) N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A Iridaceae L. See: Freesia elimensis L.Bolus Franklinia alatamaha W.Bartram F Oleaceae ◆ Weed ex Marshall ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Theaceae Freesia corymbosa (Burm. f.) N.E.Br. Fraxinus oxycarpa M.Bieb. ex Willd. Iridaceae Franklinia axillaris Spreng Oleaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Theaceae ◆ Weed = Gordonia axillaris (Roxb. ex Ker Freesia elimensis L.Bolus Gawl.) D.Dietr. Marshall Iridaceae Oleaceae = Freesia caryophyllacea (Burm. f.) Franseria artemisioides Willd. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 N.E.Br. Asteraceae Fraxinus Herder Freesia fergusoniae L.Bolus Frasera speciosa Douglas Oleaceae Iridaceae Gentianaceae (Bush) Bush Freesia fucata J.C.Mannning & Glodblatt L. Oleaceae Iridaceae Oleaceae See: Fraxinus tomentosa Michx. f. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Freesia X hybrida sensu Michx. Iridaceae Vahl Oleaceae = Freesia alba (G.L.Mey.) Gumbl. Oleaceae ◆ Weed X Freesia leichtlinii Klatt, as See: Fraxinus raywoodii nom. inval., naturalised in Australia Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill. nom. rej. Fraxinus raywoodii nom. inval. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 5 Oleaceae = Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. (Thunb.) Goldblatt Fraxinus aurea Willd. ‘Raywoodii’ & J.C.Manning Oleaceae Iridaceae = L. Fraxinus retusa Champ. ex Benth. = Anomatheca laxa (Thunb.) Goldblatt nom. illeg. ◆ Mill. Weed Oleaceae Oleaceae = Fraxinus insularis Hemsl. Freesia leichtlinii Klatt ◆ Weed Iridaceae Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill. nom. rej. ◆ Roxb. Weed - 1A Oleaceae Oleaceae Freesia leichtlinii Klatt X Freesia = Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl ◆ Weed - 1 corymbosa (Burm. f.) N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - 1A Iridaceae Torr. Fraxinus sogdiana Bunge Oleaceae Freesia leichtlinii Klatt X Freesia Oleaceae refracta (Jacq.) Klatt Hook. & Arn. Fraxinus spaethiana Lingelsh. Iridaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A Fraxinus elonza Kirchn. Fraxinus syriaca Boiss. Freesia occidentalis L.Bolus Oleaceae Oleaceae Iridaceae Fraxinus excelsior L. Fraxinus tomentosa Michx. f. Freesia refracta (Jacq.) Klatt Oleaceae Oleaceae Iridaceae See: Fraxinus aurea Willd. = Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed Freesia sparrmannii (Thunb.) N.E.Br. C.B.Clarke (Wenz.) Lingelsh. Iridaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Freesia viridis (Aiton) Goldblatt Fraxinus insularis Hemsl. Torr. & J.C.Manning Oleaceae Oleaceae Iridaceae See: Fraxinus retusa Champ. ex ◆ Weed - 5 = Anomatheca viridis (Aiton) Benth. nom. illeg. Goldblatt

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 209 Fremontodendron californicum Fritillaria elwesii Boiss. Fritillaria pyrenaica L. (Torr.) Cov. Liliaceae Liliaceae Sterculiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Fritillaria gracilis (Ebel) Aschers. Fremontodendron decumbens & Graebn. Fritillaria raddeana Regel R.M.Lloyd Liliaceae Liliaceae Sterculiaceae = Fritillaria messanensis Rafin. Fritillaria rhodocanakis Orph. ex Baker Fremontodendron mexicanum Davidson Fritillaria graeca Boiss. & Spruner Liliaceae Sterculiaceae Liliaceae Fritillaria roderickii Knight Frerea indica Dalzell Fritillaria grayana Reichenb. f. & Baker Liliaceae Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae = Fritillaria grayana Reichenb. f. See: Fritillaria roderickii Knight & Baker banksii A.Cunn. Fritillaria hispanica Boiss. & Reuter Fritillaria ruthenica Wikstr. Liliaceae Liliaceae Freycinetia cumingiana Gaudich. F = Fritillaria lusitanica Wikstrom Pandanaceae Fritillaria sibthorpiana Baker Fritillaria imperialis L. Liliaceae Freycinetia multiflora Merr. Liliaceae Pandanaceae Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. ◆ Weed - 1 Liliaceae Freylinia lanceolata (L. f.) G.Don Fritillaria involucrata All. Scrophulariaceae Fritillaria tuntasia Heldr. ex Halacsy Liliaceae Liliaceae Friesodielsia obovata (Benth.) Verdc. Fritillaria lanceolata Pursh Annonaceae Fritillaria uva-vulpis Rix Liliaceae Liliaceae Frithia pulchra N.E.Br. = Fritillaria affinis (Schultes) Sealy Aizoaceae Fritillaria verticillata Willd. Fritillaria libanotica (Boiss.) Baker Liliaceae Fritillaria acmopetala Boiss. Liliaceae Liliaceae Froelichia floridana (Nutt.) Moq. Fritillaria liliacea Lindl. Amaranthaceae Fritillaria affinis (Schultes) Sealy Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A - 4A Liliaceae Fritillaria lusitanica Wikstrom See: Fritillaria lanceolata Pursh Froelichia gracilis (Hook.) Moq. Liliaceae Amaranthaceae Fritillaria agrestis Greene See: Fritillaria hispanica Boiss. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 4 - 5 Liliaceae & Reuter Fuchsia alpestris Gardner Fritillaria alfredae Post Fritillaria meleagris L. Onagraceae Liliaceae Liliaceae = Fuchsia regia (Vand. ex Vell.) ◆ Weed - 2 Fritillaria assyriaca Baker Munz var. alpestris (Gardner) Munz Liliaceae Fritillaria messanensis Rafin. Fuchsia arborescens Sims Liliaceae Fritillaria biflora Lindl. Onagraceae See: Fritillaria gracilis (Ebel) Aschers. Liliaceae & Graebn. Fuchsia austromontana I.M.Johnst. Fritillaria bithynica Baker Onagraceae Fritillaria michailovskyi Fomin Liliaceae Liliaceae Fuchsia bacillaris Lindl. Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker Gawl. Onagraceae Fritillaria montana Hoppe. Liliaceae Liliaceae Fuchsia boliviana Carrière Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don Onagraceae Fritillaria nigra Miller Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Liliaceae Fritillaria conica Boiss. Fuchsia cinnabarina E.M.McClint. Fritillaria orientalis Adams Liliaceae Onagraceae Liliaceae Fritillaria crassifolia Boiss. & Huet. Fuchsia coccinea Soland. Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk Liliaceae Onagraceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed Fritillaria davisii Turrill Fritillaria persica L. Liliaceae Fuchsia cordifolia Benth Liliaceae Onagraceae Fritillaria davisii Turrill X Fritillaria Fritillaria pluriflora Benth. graeca Boiss. & Spruner Fuchsia corymbiflora Ruiz & Pav. Liliaceae Liliaceae Onagraceae Fritillaria pontica Wahlenb. ◆ Weed Fritillaria drenovskii Degen & Stoj. Liliaceae Liliaceae Fuchsia denticulata Ruiz & Pav. Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Sprengel Onagraceae Fritillaria ehrhartii Boiss. & Orph. Liliaceae ◆ Weed Liliaceae

210 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Fuchsia excorticata (J.R.Forst. Fuchsia triphylla L. & G.Forst.) L. f. Onagraceae Onagraceae Fumana arabica (L.) Spach ◆ Weed Cistaceae Fuchsia fulgens DC. Fumana ericoides (Cav.) Gand. Onagraceae Cistaceae Fuchsia gracilis L. Fumana procumbens (Dunal) Gren. Onagraceae & Godr. = Lam. Cistaceae Fuchsia hemsleyana Woodson & Seibert Fumana thymifolia (L.) Webb Onagraceae Cistaceae Fuchsia X hybrida Siebert & Voss bastardii Boreau Onagraceae Papaveraceae ◆ Weed - 2 F ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Fuchsia lycioides Andr. Fumaria capreolata L. Onagraceae Papaveraceae Fuchsia macrantha Hooker ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Onagraceae Fumaria densiflora DC. Fuchsia macrostigma Benth. Papaveraceae Onagraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Fuchsia magellanica Lam. Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley Onagraceae Papaveraceae See: Fuchsia gracilis L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Sond. ex W.D.J.Koch Fuchsia michoacanensis Sessé & Moc. Papaveraceae Onagraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Fuchsia microphylla Kunth Fumaria officinalis L. Onagraceae Papaveraceae See: Fuchsia minutiflora Hemsl. ◆ Weed - 1A - 3A - 5 Fuchsia minimiflora Hemsl. Fumaria parviflora Lam. Onagraceae Papaveraceae = Fuchsia thymifolia Kunth ssp. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A minimiflora (Hemsl.) Breedlove Fumaria vaillantii Loisel. Fuchsia minutiflora Hemsl. Papaveraceae Onagraceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 = Fuchsia microphylla Kunth Funtumia africana (Benth.) Stapf Fuchsia paniculata Lindl. Apocynaceae Onagraceae bedinghausii K.Koch ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Agavaceae Fuchsia procumbens R.Cunn. ◆ Weed ex A.Cunn. Furcraea cahum Trel. Onagraceae Agavaceae Fuchsia pumila Meun. Furcraea elegans Tod. Onagraceae Agavaceae Fuchsia regia (Vand. ex Vell.) Munz (L.) Haw. Onagraceae Agavaceae See: Fuchsia alpestris Gardner ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5A Fuchsia sanctae-rosae Kuntze Furcraea guatemalensis Trel. Onagraceae Agavaceae Fuchsia serratifolia Ruiz & Pav. Furcraea macdougalii Matuda Onagraceae Agavaceae Fuchsia splendens Zucc. Furcraea macrophylla Baker Onagraceae Agavaceae Fuchsia thymifolia Kunth Furcraea selloa K.Koch Onagraceae Agavaceae See: Fuchsia minimiflora Hemsl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5A

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 211 F

212 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Gardenia brighamii G Credit: Forest & Kim Starr Gadellia lactiflora (Bieb.) Schulkina Galanthus elwesii Hook. f. Galaxia stagnalis Goldblatt Campanulaceae Liliaceae Iridaceae = Campanula lactiflora M.Bieb. ◆ Weed - 2 = Moraea stagnalis (Goldblatt) ◆ Weed Goldblatt Galanthus elwesii Hook. f. X Gagea afghanica A.Terracc. Galanthus caucasicus (Baker) Galaxia versicolor Klatt Liliaceae W.T.Mill. Iridaceae Liliaceae = Moraea versicolor (Salisb. ex Klatt) Gagea lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. Goldblatt Liliaceae Galanthus elwesii Hook. f. X ◆ Weed Galanthus plicatus M.Bieb. Galeandra baueri Lindl. Liliaceae Orchidaceae Gagea vegeta Vved. ◆ Weed Liliaceae Galeandra devoniana Schomb. ex Lindl. Galanthus fosteri Baker Orchidaceae G Gahnia lacera Steud. Liliaceae Cyperaceae Galeandra dives Rchb. f. Galanthus gracilis Celak. Orchidaceae aristata Pursh Liliaceae Asteraceae Galega officinalis L. ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 Galanthus ikariae Baker Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Gaillardia X grandiflora Van Houtte ◆ Weed - 2 Asteraceae Galega orientalis Lam. = Gaillardia aristata Pursh Galanthus lagodechianus Kem.-Nath. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae X Foug. Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 2 Galanthus nivalis L. Galenia fruticosa Sond. Gaillardia picta Sweet Liliaceae Aizoaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Galenia pubescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) = Gaillardia pulchella Foug. var. Galanthus plicatus M.Bieb. Druce picta (Sweet) Gray Liliaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 2A ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A Gaillardia pulchella Foug. Galanthus reginae-olgae Orph. (L. f.) Sond. Asteraceae Liliaceae Aizoaceae See: Gaillardia picta Sweet ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 5 Galanthus rizehensis Stern Galeola lindleyana (Hook. f. & Galactia filiformis (Jacq.) Benth. Liliaceae Thoms.) Reichb. f. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Orchidaceae Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb. Liliaceae Galeottia fimbriata (Linden & Rchb. f.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Schltr. ◆ Weed - 3 Galax aphylla L. Orchidaceae Diapensiaceae Galactites elegans (All.) Nyman Cav. ex Soldano Galax urceolata (Poir.) Brummitt Asteraceae Asteraceae Diapensiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 Galium aparine L. Galactites tomentosa Moench Galaxia barnardii Goldblatt Rubiaceae Asteraceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 = Moraea barnardiella Goldblatt Galium boreale L. Galanthus X allenii Baker Galaxia fugacissima (L. f.) Druce Rubiaceae Liliaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 = Galanthus alpinus Sosn. X = Moraea fugacissima (L. f.) Goldblatt Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A Galium divaricatum Pourret ex Lam. [possible parents] Rubiaceae Galaxia luteo-alba Goldblatt ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Iridaceae Galanthus alpinus Sosn. = Moraea luteoalba (Goldblatt) Galium hispidulum Michx. Liliaceae Goldblatt Rubiaceae ◆ Weed See: Rubia peregrina L. Galaxia ovata Thunb. Galanthus caucasicus (Baker) W.T.Mill. Iridaceae Galium mollugo L. Liliaceae = Moraea galaxia (L. f.) Goldblatt Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 & J.C.Manning ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 213 Galium murale (L.) All. Gamochaeta coarctata (Willd.) Gardenia brighamii H.Mann Rubiaceae Kerguélen Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Asteraceae Gardenia carinata Wall. ◆ Weed Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Gamochaeta falcata (Lam.) Cabrera Gardenia cornuta Hemsl. See: Asperula odorata L. Asteraceae Rubiaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1A Gardenia coronaria Buch.-Ham. Galium palustre L. Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Cabrera ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Asteraceae Gardenia florida L. See: Gnaphalium pensylvanicum Rubiaceae Galium spurium L. Willd. = Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 4 - 5 Gardenia globosa Hochst. Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera Rubiaceae Galium tenerum Schleich. ex Gaudin Asteraceae Rubiaceae Gardenia grandiflora Lour. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 5 ◆ G Weed Rubiaceae Gamochaeta spicata (Lam.) Cabrera Galium tinctorium (L.) Scop. Gardenia hutchinsoniana Turrill Asteraceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae See: Gnaphalium coarctatum ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 (Willd.) Ker. Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis Galium tricornutum Dandy ◆ Weed - N - 3A - 5 Rubiaceae Rubiaceae See: Gardenia angusta (L.) Merr. Gamochaeta subfalcata (Cabrera) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A [orthographic error], Gardenia Cabrera augusta Merr. nom. illeg., Galium verum L. Asteraceae Gardenia florida L. Rubiaceae See: Gnaphalium subfalcatum ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Cabrera ◆ Weed - 5 Gardenia lucida Roxb. Galphimia glauca Cav. Rubiaceae Malpighiaceae Gamolepis euriopoides DC. Asteraceae Gardenia magnifica Geddes Galpinia transvaalica N.E.Br. Rubiaceae Lythraceae dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz Clusiaceae Gardenia ochreata F.Müell. Galtonia candicans (Baker) Decne. ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 Rubiaceae Liliaceae Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) N.Robson Gardenia posoquerioides S.Moore Galtonia princeps Decne. Clusiaceae Rubiaceae Liliaceae T.Anderson Gardenia radicans Thunb. Galtonia regalis O.M.Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Clusiaceae Rubiaceae Liliaceae Garcinia madruno (Kunth) Hammel Gardenia resinifera Roth Galtonia viridiflora I.Verd. Clusiaceae Rubiaceae Liliaceae Garcinia mangostana L. Gardenia sootepensis Hutch. Galvezia juncea (Benth.) A.Gray Clusiaceae Rubiaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Gardenia spatulifolia Stapf & Hutch. Galvezia speciosa (Nutt.) A.Gray Garcinia parvifolia Miq. Rubiaceae Scrophulariaceae Clusiaceae = Gambelia speciosa Nutt. Gardenia L. f. Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f. Rubiaceae Gambelia speciosa Nutt. ex T.Anderson ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae Clusiaceae See: Galvezia speciosa (Nutt.) A.Gray Gardenia volkensii K.Schum. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Rubiaceae Gamochaeta americana (Mill.) Wedd. Gardenia angusta (L.) Merr. Asteraceae Garnieria spathulaefolia Brongn. [orthographic error] ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 5 & Griseb. Rubiaceae Proteaceae Gamochaeta antillarum (Urb.) Anderb. = Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis Asteraceae ◆ Weed Garrya buxifolia A.Gray ◆ Weed - N Cornaceae Gardenia asperula Stapf & Hutchinson Gamochaeta calviceps (Fern.) Cabrera Rubiaceae Garrya elliptica Dougl. ex Lindl. Asteraceae Cornaceae Gardenia augusta Merr. nom. illeg. See: Gnaphalium calviceps Fern. ◆ Weed Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A = Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis Garrya fadyenii Hook. ◆ Weed - 2 Cornaceae

214 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Garrya flavescens S.Wats. Gasteria pseudonigricans (Salm-Dyck) Gaultheria coriacea (Klotzsch) Cornaceae Haw. L.D.Gomez comb. ined. ◆ Weed Aloeaceae Ericaceae = Gasteria sp. [an unresolved = Pernettya coriacea Klotzsch Garrya laurifolia Hartweg Gasteria] Cornaceae Gaultheria eriophylla (Pers.) Sleumer ◆ Weed Gasteria pulchra (Aut.) Haw. Ericaceae Aloeaceae Garrya macrophylla Hartweg Gaultheria forrestii Diels Cornaceae Gasteria verrucosa (Mill.) Haw. Ericaceae Aloeaceae Garrya X thuretii Carrière Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. Cornaceae Gasteria vlokii Jaarsv. Ericaceae Aloeaceae Garrya veatchii Kellogg Gaultheria hirtiflora Benth. Cornaceae cutispongia Lam. Ericaceae Araliaceae Garrya wrightii Torr. Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhl. Cornaceae Gastridium phleoides (Nees & Meyen) Ericaceae C.E.Hubb. Gasteria armstrongii Schönland Gaultheria hookeri C.B.Clarke Poaceae G Aloeaceae Ericaceae See: Gasteria baylissiana W.Rauh (Gouan) Schinz & Thell. Gaultheria insana (Molina.) Middleton Aloeaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Ericaceae Gasteria bicolor Poelln. Gastridium ventricosum (Gouan) Gaultheria itoana Hayata Aloeaceae Schinz & Thell. Ericaceae Poaceae See: Gasteria gracilis Baker Gaultheria lanceolata Hook. f. = Gastridium phleoides (Nees Gasteria brachyphylla (Salm-Dyck) Ericaceae & Meyen) C.E.Hubb. van Jaarsv. ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Gaultheria leucocarpa Blume Aloeaceae Ericaceae Gastrochilus acutifolius Kuntze Gasteria carinata (Mill.) Haw. See: Gaultheria yunnanensis Orchidaceae Aloeaceae (Franch.) Rehder Gastrochilus bellinus Kuntze Gasteria cheilophylla Baker Gaultheria macrostigma (Colenso.) Orchidaceae Aloeaceae Middleton Gastrochilus calceolaris D.Don, Anus Ericaceae Gasteria decipiens Haw. & Quisumb. Aloeaceae Gaultheria mucronata (L. f.) Hook. Orchidaceae & Arn. Gasteria disticha (L.) Haw. Gastrochilus dasypogon Kuntze Ericaceae Aloeaceae Orchidaceae = Pernettya mucronata (L. f.) Gasteria glomerata van Jaarsv. Spreng. Gastrochilus somai (Hayata) Hayata ◆ Aloeaceae Weed - 1 - 2 Orchidaceae Gasteria gracilis Baker Gaultheria myrsinoides Kunth Gastrococos crispa (Kunth) H.E.Moore Aloeaceae Ericaceae Arecaceae = Gasteria bicolor Poelln. Gaultheria myrtilloides Zucc. ex Steud X Gastrolea pfrimmeri (Guillaumin) Gasteria laetepunctata Haw. Ericaceae Guillaumin Aloeaceae = Gaultheria poeppigii DC. Aloaceae Gasteria liliputana Poelln. Gaultheria notabilis J.Anthony Gastrolobium grandiflorum F.Müell. Aloeaceae Ericaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gasteria liliputana Poelln. X Haworthia ◆ Weed - Nn - 4A - 5 Gaultheria nummularioides D.Don Ericaceae nigra Baker fragilis (L.) P.Beauv. Aloeaceae Poaceae Gaultheria odorata Bredemeyer = X Gasterhaworthia spp. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 ex Willd. Ericaceae Gasteria maculata (Thunb.) Haw. Gaulnettya X wisleyensis Marchant Aloeaceae Ericaceae Gaultheria parvifolia Small Ericaceae Gasteria mollis Haw. Gaultheria adenothrix (Miq.) Maxim. Aloeaceae Gaultheria parvula D.J.Middleton Ericaceae Ericaceae Gasteria nitida (Salm-Dyck) Haw. Gaultheria Hook. f. Aloeaceae Gaultheria poeppigii DC. Ericaceae Ericaceae Gasteria pillansii Kensit Gaultheria antipoda G.Forst. See: Gaultheria myrtilloides Zucc. Aloeaceae Ericaceae ex Steud Gaultheria borneensis Stapf Ericaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 215 Gaultheria procumbens L. Gazania longiscapa DC. longifolia (Lewis) Ericaceae Asteraceae Goldblatt ◆ Weed - 2 = (Thunb.) Druce Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Gaultheria prostrata W.W.Sm. Geissorhiza monantha Sweet Ericaceae Gazania maritima Levyns Iridaceae Asteraceae Gaultheria pumila (L. f.) Middleton Geissorhiza ornithogaloides Klatt Ericaceae Gazania nivea DC. Iridaceae Asteraceae Gaultheria rupestris (L. f.) D.Don Geissorhiza ovata (Burm. f.) Asch. Ericaceae Gazania rigens (L.) Gaertn. & Graebn. Asteraceae Iridaceae Gaultheria shallon Pursh ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Ericaceae Geissorhiza radians (Thunb.) Goldblatt ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Gazania rigida (Burm. f.) Roessler Iridaceae Asteraceae Gaultheria sinensis Anthony Geissorhiza secunda (Berg.) Ker Gawl. Ericaceae Gazania serrata DC. Iridaceae Asteraceae = Goldblatt G Gaultheria stapfiana Airy Shaw ◆ Weed - N Ericaceae Geissorhiza splendidissima Diels Gazania splendens Hend. & A.A.Hend. Iridaceae Gaultheria tenuifolia Sleumer Asteraceae Geissorhiza tulbaghensis L.Bolus Ericaceae ◆ Weed Iridaceae Gaultheria tetramera W.W.Sm. Gazania uniflora Sims. Gelasine azurea Herb. Ericaceae Asteraceae Iridaceae Gaultheria X wisleyensis Marchant Geissois benthamii F.Müell. = Gelasine elongata (Graham) ex D.J.Middleton Cunoniaceae Ravenna Ericaceae Geissois pruinosa Brongn. & Griseb. Gelasine coerulea (Vell.) Ravenna Gaultheria yunnanensis (Franch.) Rehder Cunoniaceae Iridaceae Ericaceae = Gelasine elongata (Graham) Geissorhiza aspera Goldblatt = Gaultheria leucocarpa Blume Ravenna Iridaceae Gaura lindheimeri Engelm. & Gray See: Geissorhiza secunda (Berg.) Gelasine elongata (Graham) Ravenna Onagraceae Ker Gawl. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 ◆ Weed - N See: Gelasine azurea Herb., Gelasine coerulea (Vell.) Ravenna Gaura mollis James Geissorhiza bracteata Klatt Onagraceae Iridaceae Gelasine urugaiensis Ravenna See: Gaura parviflora Lehm. Iridaceae Geissorhiza brevituba (Lewis) P.Goldblatt ◆ Weed - 1 Iridaceae Gelsemium elegans (Gardner & Champ.) Benth. Gaura parviflora Lehm. Geissorhiza confusa Goldblatt Loganiaceae Onagraceae Iridaceae = Gaura mollis James Gelsemium rankinii Small ◆ Geissorhiza corrugata Klatt Weed - 3A - 5 Loganiaceae Iridaceae Gaussia attenuata (O.F.Cook) Becc. Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) J.St.-Hil. Geissorhiza darlingensis Goldblatt Arecaceae Loganiaceae Iridaceae Gaussia maya (O.F.Cook) H.J.Quero ◆ Weed - N Geissorhiza eurystigma L.Bolus & Read ligustrifolium A.Cunn. Iridaceae Arecaceae Loganiaceae Geissorhiza furva Ker Gawl. ex Baker Gaussia princeps H.Wendl. Genista aetnensis (Raf. ex Biv.) DC. Iridaceae Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Gaylussacia dumosa (Andrews) Torr. Geissorhiza heterostyla L.Bolus Weed - 2 Iridaceae & A.Gray Genista anglica L. Ericaceae Geissorhiza imbricata Ker Gawl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Gazania krebsiana Less. Iridaceae ◆ Weed Asteraceae Genista canariensis L. ◆ Weed Geissorhiza inaequalis L.Bolus Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Iridaceae See: Cytisus canariensis (L.) Masf., Gazania lichtensteinii Less. ◆ Weed Teline canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Geissorhiza inflexa (Delaroche) Gazania linearis (Thunb.) Druce Ker Gawl. Genista cinerea (Vill.) DC. Asteraceae Iridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Gazania longiscapa DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Geissorhiza leipoldtii R.C.Foster Genista delphinensis J.Verl. Iridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae

216 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Genista ephedroides DC. Genista ramosissima (Desf.) Poir. burseri Lapeyr. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gentianaceae Genista ferox Poir. Genista sagittalis L. Gentiana cachemirica Decne. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gentianaceae ◆ Weed Genista florida L. Gentiana cephalantha Franch. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Genista X spachiana Webb Gentianaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Genista stenopetala Webb Gentiana clusii E.P.Perrier & Songeon Genista germanica L. & Berthel. Gentianaceae ◆ Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Genista stenopetala Webb & Berthel. Gentiana corymbosa Kunth Genista glabrescens Briq. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gentianaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Genista X spachiana Webb Gentiana crinita Froel. Genista gomerae Gibbs & Dingw. ◆ Weed - N - 2A Gentianaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Genista stenopetala Webb & Berthel. = Gentianopsis crinita (Froel.) Ma X Genista canariensis L. ◆ Weed Genista hispanica L. G Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gentiana cruciata L. ◆ Weed - 2 Genista stenophylla Schur Gentianaceae ◆ Weed Genista horrida (Vahl) DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Genista tinctoria L. Gentiana dahurica Fisch. ◆ Weed - N - 2A Genista sylvestris Scop. Gentianaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Genista humifusa L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Genista tenera (Jacq. ex Murray) Gentiana decumbens L. f. Kuntze Gentianaceae Genista januensis Viv. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gentiana dendrologi Marquand ◆ Weed - 2 Gentianaceae Genista linifolia L. Genista tinctoria L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gentiana germanica Willd. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Cytisus linifolius (L.) Lam. Gentianaceae See: Cytisus tinctorius Vis., Genista ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 stenophylla Schur Gentiana gracilipes Turrill Genista lydia Boiss. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 5 Gentianaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Genista umbellata (L’Hérit.) Poir. Gentiana grossheimii Doluch Genista maderensis (Webb & Berthel.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gentianaceae Lowe Genoplesium tectum D.L.Jones Gentiana kochiana Perr. & Songeon Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Orchidaceae Gentianaceae misapp. in Australia = Genista stenopetala Webb & Berthel. Gentiana acaulis L. Gentiana kurroo Royle ◆ Weed Gentianaceae Gentianaceae ◆ Weed Genista monosperma (L.) Lam. Gentiana lactea Phil. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gentiana affinis Griseb. Gentianaceae = Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. Gentianaceae Gentiana lagodechiana (I.V.Kusn.) ◆ Weed - 2A Gentiana alba Muhl. ex Nutt. Grossh. Genista monspessulana (L.) Gentianaceae Gentianaceae L.A.S.Johnson Gentiana amarella L. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gentianaceae Gentiana loderi Hook. f. See: Cytisus monspessulanus L. Gentianaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. Gentianaceae Gentiana lutea L. Genista monspessulana (L.) ◆ Weed - 2 Gentianaceae L.A.S.Johnson X Genista spachiana ◆ Weed Webb. Gentiana angustifolia Michx. Gentianaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gentiana X macaulayi hort. Gentianaceae Genista patula M.Bieb. Gentiana antarctica Kirk Gentianaceae = Gentiana farreri Balf. f. X Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gentiana sino-ornata Balf. f. Gentiana asclepiadea L. Genista pilosa L. Gentianaceae Gentiana macrophylla Pall. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Gentianaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Gentiana bellidifolia Franch. Genista radiata (L.) Scop. Gentianaceae Gentiana makinoi Kusnezow Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gentianaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Gentiana brevidens Regel = Gentiana axilliflora Levl. & Vaniot Gentianaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 217 Gentiana nutans Bunge Gentianella moorcroftiana (Wall. Geraea canescens Torr. & A.Gray Gentianaceae ex G.Don) Airy Shaw Asteraceae ◆ Weed Gentianaceae [Geranium procurrens Yeo X Gentiana paradoxa Albov Gentianella quinquefolia (L.) Small. Geranium lamberti Sweet] Gentianaceae Gentianaceae X [Geranium endressii J.Gay X Geranium versicolor L.] Gentiana patula Cheeseman Gentianella saxosa (G.Forst.) Holub Geraniaceae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Geranium aequale (Bab.) Aedo Gentiana pneumonanthe L. Gentianopsis crinita (Froel.) Ma Geraniaceae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - 2 See: Gentiana crinita Froel. ◆ Weed - 2 Geranium anemonifolium L’Hérit. Gentiana punctata L. Geraniaceae Gentianaceae Gentianopsis detonsa (Rottb.) Ma = Geranium palmatum Cav. Gentianaceae Gentiana purdomii C.Marquand See: Gentianella detonsa (Rottb.) Geranium aristatum Freyn & Sint. Gentianaceae G.Don Geraniaceae ◆ Weed G Geodorum citrinum Jacks. Geranium asphodeloides Burm. f. Gentiana purpurea L. Orchidaceae Geraniaceae Gentianaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 Geodorum recurvum (Roxb.) Alston Orchidaceae Geranium atlanticum Boiss. Gentiana rhodantha Franch. Geraniaceae Gentianaceae Geodorum siamense Rolfe ex Downie Orchidaceae Geranium biuncinatum Kokwaro Gentiana rockhillii Hemsl. Geraniaceae Gentianaceae Geoffroea decorticans (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Burkart Geranium bohemicum L. Gentiana saxosa G.Forst. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Geraniaceae Gentianaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - 5 Gentiana scabra Bunge Geogenanthus poeppigii (Miq.) Faden Geranium caespitosum L.E.James Gentianaceae Commelinaceae ex Torr. Gentiana septemfida Pall. Geraniaceae Geogenanthus undatus (C.Koch Gentianaceae See: Geranium fremontii Torr. & Linden) Mildbraed & Strauss ◆ Weed ex A.Gray Commelinaceae Gentiana sinoornata Balf. f. Geranium caffrum Eckl. & Zeyh. Geohintonia mexicana C.Glass Gentianaceae Geraniaceae & W.A.Fitz Maurice ◆ Weed - 3 Gentiana ternifolia Franch. Cactaceae Gentianaceae Geranium canariense Reuter Geonoma baculifera (Poit.) Kunth Geraniaceae Gentiana tianschanica Rupr. ex Kusn. Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Gentianaceae Geonoma congesta H.Wendl. ex Spruce Geranium X cantabrigiense P. F. Ye o Gentiana tibetica King ex Hook. f. Arecaceae Geraniaceae Gentianaceae Geonoma cuneata H.Wendl. ex Spruce = Geranium dalmaticum (Beck) Gentiana townsonii Cheeseman Churchill Rech. f. X Geranium macrorrhizum L. Gentianaceae Arecaceae Geranium cataractarum Cosson Gentiana triflora Pall. Geonoma densa Linden & H.Wendl. Geraniaceae Gentianaceae ex H.Wendl. Geranium cinereum Cav. Arecaceae Gentiana verna L. Geraniaceae Gentianaceae Geonoma epetiolata H.E.Moore Geranium clarkei Yeo ◆ Weed Arecaceae Geraniaceae Gentiana wutaiensis Marq. Geonoma ferruginea H.A.Wendland Geranium collinum Stephan ex Willd. Gentianaceae ex Spruce Geraniaceae Arecaceae Gentianella detonsa (Rottb.) G.Don ◆ Weed Gentianaceae Geonoma interrupta (Ruiz & Pav.) Mart. Geranium columbinum L. = Gentianopsis detonsa (Rottb.) Ma Arecaceae Geraniaceae Gentianella hirculus (Griseb.) Fabris Geonoma laxiflora Mart. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 Gentianaceae Arecaceae Geranium crispum P.J.Bergius Gentianella magellanica (Gaudich.) Geonoma maxima (Poit.) Kunth Geraniaceae Fabris Arecaceae Geranium dalmaticum (Beck) Rech. f. Gentianaceae Geonoma schottiana Mart. Geraniaceae Arecaceae

218 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Geranium dissectum L. Geranium lucidum L. Geranium palmatum Cav. Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 See: Geranium anemonifolium L’Hérit. Geranium endressii J.Gay Geranium macrorrhizum L. ◆ Weed - 5 Geraniaceae Geraniaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Geranium palustre L. Geraniaceae Geranium endressii J.Gay X Geranium Geranium macrorrhizum L. X Geranium ◆ Weed papuanum Ridley dalmaticum (Beck) Rech. f. Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geranium phaeum L. = Geranium X cantabrigiense Yeo Geraniaceae Geranium endressii J.Gay X Geranium ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 versicolor L. Geranium maculatum L. Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geranium phaeum L. X Geranium = Geranium X oxonianum Yeo ◆ Weed - 2 reflexum Harz ◆ Weed - 2 Geraniaceae Geranium maderense Yeo ◆ Weed - 2 Geranium erianthum DC. Geraniaceae Geraniaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Geranium platyanthum Duthie G Geraniaceae Geranium eriostemon DC. Geranium X magnificum Hyl. Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geranium platypetalum Fischer ◆ Weed - 2 = Geranium ibericum Cav. X & C.A.Mey. Geranium farreri Stapf Geranium platypetalum Fisch. & Mey Geraniaceae ◆ ◆ Geraniaceae Weed - 2 Weed - 2 Geranium fremontii Torr. ex A.Gray Geranium malviflorum Boiss. & Reuter Geranium polyanthes Edgew. & Hook. f. Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae ◆ Weed - 3 = Geranium caespitosum L.E.James Geranium meeboldii Briq. ex Torr. var. fremontii (Torr. ex Gray) Geraniaceae Geranium potentillaefolium DC. Dorn ◆ Weed - 2 Geraniaceae ◆ Weed Geranium gracile Ledeb. ex Nordm. Geranium molle L. Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geranium potetilloides Willd Geranium grandiflorum Andrews ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A ex.Spreng Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geranium X monacense Harz. Geranium grevilleanum Wall. Geraniaceae Geranium pratense L. Geraniaceae = Geranium phaeum L. X Geranium Geraniaceae reflexum L. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Geranium harveyi Briq. ◆ Weed - 2 Geraniaceae Geranium pratense L. X Geranium Geranium nepalense Sweet himalayense Klotzch Geranium himalayense Klotzsch Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Geranium pratense L. X Geranium Geranium nervosum Rydb. regelii Nevski Geranium hispidissimum (Franch.) Geraniaceae Geraniaceae R.Knuth = Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. Geranium procurrens Yeo Geraniaceae & C.A.Mey. Geraniaceae Geranium homeanum Turcz. ◆ Weed - 3 Geranium psilostemom Ledeb Geraniaceae Geranium nodosum L. ◆ X Geranium endressii J.Gay Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geranium ibericum Cav. ◆ Weed - 2 Geranium psilostemom Ledeb Geraniaceae Geranium ocellatum Cambess. ◆ X Geranium procurrens Yeo Weed - 2 Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geranium ibericum Cav. & Fisch. Geranium odoratum Thunb. X Geranium platypetalum Mey Geranium psilostemon Ledeb. Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae = Pelargonium odoratissimum (L.) = Geranium X magnificum Hyl. ◆ Weed - 2 L’Hér. ◆ Weed - 2 Geranium pulchrum N.E.Br. Geranium orientali-tibeticum R.Knuth Geranium incanum Burm. f. Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geranium purpureum Vill. ◆ Weed - 2 Geranium X oxonianum Yeo Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geranium kishtvariense Knuth ◆ Weed - N = Geranium endressii J.Gay Geraniaceae X Geranium versicolor L. Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. f. Geranium lambertii Sweet ◆ Weed - 2 Geraniaceae Geraniaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 219 Geranium reflexum L. Geranium versicolor L. Geum aleppicum Jacq. Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 Geranium renardii Trautv. Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. Geum borisii hort. Geraniaceae & C.A.Mey. Rosaceae Geraniaceae = Geum coccineum Sm. Geranium richardsonii Fisch. & Trautv. See: Geranium nervosum Rydb. Geraniaceae Geum bulgaricum Panc. ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 3 Rosaceae Geranium wallichianum D.Don. Geranium X riversleaianum Yeo Geum canadense Jacq. Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed = Geranium traversii Hook. f. ◆ Weed - 2 Geranium wilfordii Maxim. X Geranium endressii J.Gay Geum capense Thunb. Geraniaceae Rosaceae Geranium rivulare Villars ◆ Weed - 3 Geraniaceae Geum chiloense hort. Geranium wlassovianum Fisch. ex Link Rosaceae Geranium robertianum L. Geraniaceae G Geraniaceae = Geum quellyon Sweet ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Geranium yeoi Aedo & Muñoz Garm. Geum coccineum Sm. Geraniaceae Rosaceae Geranium robustum Kuntze. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Geraniaceae See: Geum borisii hort. Geranium yesoense Franch. & Sav. ◆ Weed - 2 Geranium rotundifolium L. Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geum elatum Wall. ex Hook. f. ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 Geranium yoshinoi Makino ex Nakai Rosaceae Geraniaceae Geum hybridum Wulfen Geranium rubescens Yeo Rosaceae Geraniaceae Gerbera delavayi Franch. ◆ Weed - 2 Asteraceae Geum japonicum Thunb. Rosaceae Geranium ruprechtii (Woronow) Grossh. Gerbera hybrid hort. ◆ Weed Geraniaceae Asteraceae = Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f. Geum leiospermum Petrie Geranium sanguineum L. X Gerbera viridifolia (DC.) Sch.Bip. Rosaceae Geraniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f. Geum macrophyllum Willd. Asteraceae Rosaceae Geranium sibiricum L. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Geraniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f. Geum magellanicum Pers. X Gerbera viridifolia (DC.) Sch.Bip. Rosaceae Geranium simense Hochst. ex A.Rich. Asteraceae Geraniaceae See: Gerbera hybrid hort. Geum montanum L. ◆ Weed Rosaceae Gerrardanthus macrorhizus Harv. Geranium sinense R.Knuth ex Benth. & Hooker f. Geum parviflorum Sm. Geraniaceae Cucurbitaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed Gesneria cardinalis Lehm. Geum pentapetalum (L.) Makino Geranium soboliferum Kom. Gesneriaceae Rosaceae Geraniaceae Gesneria christii Urb. Geum pyrenaicum Miller Geranium solanderi Carolin Gesneriaceae Rosaceae Geraniaceae Gesneria elliptica Hooker Geum quellyon Sweet ◆ Weed - Nn Gesneriaceae Rosaceae Geranium sylvaticum L. See: Geum chiloense hort. Gesneria macrantha Spreng ◆ Geraniaceae Weed - 2 Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed Geum reptans L. Gesneria umbellata Decne. Geranium thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc. Rosaceae Gesneriaceae Geraniaceae Geum rhodopeum Stoj. & Stef. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Gesneria ventricosa Hanst. Rosaceae Gesneriaceae Geranium transbaicalicum Serg. Geum rivale L. Geraniaceae Gesnouinia arborea (L. f.) Gaudich. Rosaceae Urticaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Geranium traversii Hook. f. Geraniaceae Gethyllis linearis L.Bolus Geum roylei Wall. & Bolle Liliaceae Rosaceae Geranium tuberosum L. Geraniaceae Gethyllis villosa Linn. f. Geum triflorum Pursh ◆ Weed - 3 Liliaceae Rosaceae

220 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status avellana Molina Gilia capitata Sims Gladiolus byzantinus Mill. Proteaceae Polemoniaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 = L. ssp. Gevuina bleasdalei (F.Müell) Sleumer byzantinus (Miller) A.P.Hamilton Proteaceae Gilia leptantha Parish ◆ Weed Polemoniaceae Gibasis geniculata (Jacq.) Rohweder Gladiolus caeruleus P.Goldblatt. Commelinaceae Gilia leptomeria A.Gray & J.C.Manning See: Tradescantia geniculata Jacq. Polemoniaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed = Aliciella leptomeria (Gray) J.M.Porter Gladiolus callianthus Marais nom. sup. Gibbaeum dispar N.E.Br. Iridaceae Aizoaceae Gilia stenothyrsa A.Gray = Gladiolus murielae Kelway Polemoniaceae Gibbaeum gibbosum (Haw.) N.E.Br. & Langport Aizoaceae Gilia tricolor Benth. Gladiolus cardinalis Curtis Polemoniaceae Gibbaeum heathii (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Gillenia stipulata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Baill. Gibbaeum muiri N.E.Br. Gladiolus carinatus Aiton Rosaceae G Aizoaceae Iridaceae = Porteranthus stipulatus (Muhl. Gibbaeum pachypodium L.Bolus ex Willd.) Britton Gladiolus carmineus C.H.Wright Aizoaceae Iridaceae Gillenia trifoliata (L.) Moench Gibbaeum pubescens N.E.Br. Rosaceae D.Delaroche Aizoaceae Iridaceae Ginkgo biloba L. ◆ Weed - N - 2A Gibbaeum schwantesii Tisch. Ginkgoaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Gladiolus caryophyllaceus (Burm. f.) Poir. Gibbaeum velutinum (L.Bolus) Gironniera subaequalis Planch. Iridaceae Schwantes Celtidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Aizoaceae Gladiolus abbreviatus Andrews Gladiolus ceresianus L.Bolus Gigantochloa apus (Schult. & Schult. f.) Iridaceae Iridaceae Kurz See: Homoglossum abbreviatum Poaceae (Andrews) Goldblatt Gladiolus citrinus Klatt ◆ Weed Iridaceae L. Gigantochloa atroviolacea Widjaja Iridaceae Gladiolus X colvillei Sweet Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A Iridaceae = Gladiolus cardinalis Curtis Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz L. X L. Poaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Gigantochloa hasskarliana (Kurz) Gladiolus communis L. Backer ex K.Heyne Gladiolus appendiculatus G.J.Lewis Iridaceae Poaceae Iridaceae See: Gladiolus byzantinus Mill. Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merr. Gladiolus aureus Baker ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Poaceae Iridaceae Gladiolus crassifolius Baker See: Homoglossum aureum (Baker) Gigantochloa luteostriata E.Widjaja Iridaceae Obermeyer Poaceae Gladiolus cruentus T.Moore Gladiolus blandus Aiton Gigantochloa manggong Widjaja Iridaceae Iridaceae Poaceae Gladiolus cunonius (L.) Gaertn. Gladiolus bonaespei P.Goldblatt Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea Iridaceae & M.P.de Vos (Steud.) Widjaja Iridaceae Gladiolus cuspidatus Jacq. Poaceae Iridaceae Gladiolus brachyphyllus F.Bolus Gigantochloa ridleyi Holttum ◆ Weed Iridaceae Poaceae Van Geel Gladiolus brevifolius Jacq. Gigantochloa robusta Kurz Iridaceae Iridaceae Poaceae See: Gladiolus natalensis (Eckl.) Gladiolus buckerveldii (L.Bolus) Hook. f. nom. illeg. Gigantochloa wrayi Gamble Goldblatt ◆ Weed - N - 1A Poaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel X Gladiolus Gladiolus bullatus Thunb. ex G.J.Lewis oppositiflorus Herb. Gilia aggregata (Pursh) Spreng. Iridaceae Iridaceae Polemoniaceae See: Gladiolus X gandavensis = Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) Van Houtte V.E.Grant

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 221 Gladiolus debilis Ker Gawl. Gladiolus jonquilliodorus Ecklon Gladiolus patersoniae F.Bolus Iridaceae ex H.Bolus & Wolley-Dod Iridaceae Iridaceae Gladiolus ecklonii Lehm. Gladiolus permeabilis D.Delaroche Iridaceae Gladiolus kamiesbergensis G.J.Lewis Iridaceae Iridaceae Gladiolus elliotii Baker Gladiolus priorii (N.E.Br.) Goldblatt Iridaceae Gladiolus lewisiae Obermeyer & M.P.de Vos Iridaceae Iridaceae Gladiolus equitans Thunb. See: Homoglossum priorii (N.E.Br.) Iridaceae Gladiolus liliaceus Houtt. N.E.Br. Iridaceae Gladiolus floribundus Jacq. Gladiolus pritzelii Diels Iridaceae Gladiolus longicollis Baker Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A Iridaceae Gladiolus punctulatus Schrank Gladiolus X gandavensis Van Houtte Gladiolus maculatus Sweet Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae = Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel X Gladiolus purpureoauratus Hook. f. Gladiolus martleyi L.Bolus Gladiolus oppositiflorus Herb. Iridaceae Iridaceae G ◆ Weed - N Gladiolus quadrangularis Ker Gawl. Gladiolus marlothii G.J.Lewis Gladiolus glaucus Heldr. ex Halacsy Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae See: Homoglossum quadrangulare Gladiolus meliusculus (G.J.Lewis) (Burm. f.) N.E.Br. Gladiolus gracilis Jacq. Goldblatt & J.C.Manning Iridaceae Gladiolus quadrangulus (La Roche) Iridaceae Barnard Gladiolus griseus Goldblatt & Gladiolus mortonius Herb. ex Hook. Iridaceae J.C.Manning Iridaceae Iridaceae Gladiolus recurvus L. Gladiolus mostertiae L.Bolus Iridaceae Gladiolus gueinzii Kunze Iridaceae Iridaceae Gladiolus rogersii Baker ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A Gladiolus muirii L.Bolus Iridaceae Iridaceae Gladiolus guthriei F.Bolus Gladiolus saccatus (Klatt) Goldblatt See: Homoglossum muirii (L.Bolus) Iridaceae & M.P.de Vos N.E.Br. Iridaceae Gladiolus hirsutus Jacq. Gladiolus murielae Kenway & Langport Iridaceae Gladiolus salmoneus Baker Iridaceae Iridaceae Gladiolus X hortulanus L.H.Bailey See: Acidanthera bicolor Hochst., Iridaceae Gladiolus callianthus Marais, Gladiolus salteri G.J.Lewis = hybrid complex including nom. illeg. Iridaceae Gladiolus natalensis (Ecklon) Hook., Gladiolus nanus Andr. Gladiolus saundersii J.D.Hooker Gladiolus oppositiflorus Herbert Iridaceae Iridaceae and others ◆ Weed - 2 Gladiolus natalensis (Eckl.) Hook. f. Gladiolus scullyi Bak. nom. sup. Iridaceae Gladiolus huttonii (N.E.Br.) Goldblatt Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 3 & M.P.de Vos = Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel Iridaceae Gladiolus segetum Ker Gawl. ◆ Weed - 2A See: Homoglossum huttonii N.E.Br. Iridaceae Gladiolus nerineoides G.J.Lewis = Gladiolus italicus Mill. Gladiolus hyalinus Jacq. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Iridaceae Gladiolus ochroleucus Baker Gladiolus sempervirens G.J.Lewis Gladiolus illyricus Koch Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae See: Gladiolus splendens (Sweet) ◆ Weed Gladiolus odoratus L.Bolus Herb. Iridaceae Gladiolus imbricatus L. Gladiolus sericeovillosus Hook. f. Iridaceae Gladiolus oppositiflorus Herb. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Iridaceae Gladiolus serpenticola Goldblatt Gladiolus inflatus Thunb. Gladiolus orchidiflorus Andrews & J.C.Manning Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae Gladiolus involutus D.Delaroche Gladiolus palustris Gaud. Gladiolus splendens (Sweet) Herb. Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed Gladiolus italicus Mill. = Gladiolus sempervirens G.J.Lewis Iridaceae Gladiolus papilio Hook. f. Gladiolus stefaniae Obermeyer See: Gladiolus segetum Ker Gawl. Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed

222 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Gladiolus stellatus G.J.Lewis X hybrida (Groenl. Glechoma hederacea L. Iridaceae & Rümpler) G.L.Nesom & Pruski Lamiaceae Verbenaceae See: Nepeta hederacea (L.) Trev. Gladiolus tenellus Jacq. = Glandularia peruviana (L.) Druce ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Iridaceae X Glandularia incisa (Hook.) Tronc. amorphoides (Griseb.) Taub. Gladiolus teretifolius Goldblatt X Glandularia phlogiflora (Cham.) Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae & M.P.de Vos Schnack & Covas X Glandularia ◆ Weed Iridaceae platensis (Spreng.) Schnack & Covas [complex hybrid involving some Gleditsia aquatica Marshall Gladiolus tristis L. or all] Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Gleditsia caspica Desf. Glandularia laciniata (L.) Schnack Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae L. & Covas Iridaceae Gleditsia japonica Miq. Verbenaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Gladiolus uysiae L.Bolus ex G.J.Lewis Gleditsia macracantha Desf. Glandularia peruviana (L.) Small Iridaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Verbenaceae G Gladiolus vandermerwei (L.Bolus) See: Verbena peruviana (L.) Britton Gleditsia sinensis Lam. P.Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed Glandularia pulchella (Sweet) Tronc. See: Homoglossum vandermerwei Verbenaceae Gleditsia triacanthos L. (L.Bolus) L.Bolus ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Gladiolus varius F.Bolus ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5A Glandularia tenera (Spreng.) Cabrera Iridaceae Verbenaceae Glehnia littoralis F.Schmidt ex Miq. Gladiolus venustus G.J.Lewis See: Verbena tenera Spreng. Apiaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed Glinus lotoides L. Gladiolus villosus Ker Gawl. Glandulicactus crassihamatus Molluginaceae Iridaceae (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3 = villosa (Burm. f.) Goldblatt Cactaceae Glinus oppositifolius (L.) A.DC. = Sclerocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) Gladiolus violaceo-lineatus G.J.Lewis Molluginaceae N.P.Taylor Iridaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3 Glandulicactus uncinatus (Galeotti) Gladiolus virescens Thunb. Gliricidia maculata (Kunth) Kunth Backeb. Iridaceae ex Walp. Cactaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gladiolus viridiflorus G.J.Lewis = Sclerocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) Iridaceae N.P.Taylor Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gladiolus watermeyeri L.Bolus Glaucidium palmatum Sieb. & Zucc. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Iridaceae Glaucidiaceae colpicola K.Schum. Gladiolus watsonius Thunb. Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Rudolph Zingiberaceae Iridaceae Papaveraceae See: Homoglossum watsonium ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Globba malaccensis Ridley (Thunb.) N.E.Br. Zingiberaceae Crantz ◆ Weed Papaveraceae Globba parviflora Presl Gladiolus wilsonii (Baker) Goldblatt ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 Zingiberaceae & Manning ◆ Weed Glebionis carinata (Schousboe) Tzvelev Iridaceae Asteraceae Globba schomburgkii Hook. f. Glandularia aristigera (S.Moore) Tronc. See: Chrysanthemum carinatum Zingiberaceae Verbenaceae Schousb. Globba winitii C.H.Wright See: Verbena tenuisecta Briq. ◆ Weed Zingiberaceae ◆ Weed (L.) Cass. ex Spach Globularia alypum L. Glandularia hispida Ruiz & Pavón Asteraceae Globulariaceae Verbenaceae ◆ Weed See: Verbena hispida (Ruiz & Pavón) Globularia amygdalifolia Webb Glebionis coronarium (L.) Tzvelev Ruiz & Pavón Globulariaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed See: Chrysanthemum coronarium L. Globularia bellidifolia Ten. ◆ Weed - 2 Globulariaceae (L.) Fourr. Globularia cordifolia L. Asteraceae Globulariaceae ◆ Weed Globularia incanescens Viv. Globulariaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 223 Globularia meridionalis (Podp.) Glottiphyllum parvifolium L.Bolus Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim. Schwarz Aizoaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Globulariaceae ◆ Weed Glottiphyllum platycarpum L.Bolus Globularia nudicaulis L. Aizoaceae Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. Globulariaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Glottiphyllum praepingue N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - 3 Globularia punctata Lapeyrouse Aizoaceae Globulariaceae Glyptostrobus lineatus (Poir.) Druce Glottiphyllum regium N.E.Br. Taxodiaceae Globularia salicina Lam. Aizoaceae Glyptostrobus pensilis (Staunton) Globulariaceae Glottiphyllum salmii (Haw.) N.E.Br. K.Koch Glochidion acuminatum Müell.Arg. Aizoaceae Taxodiaceae Euphorbiaceae Glottiphyllum semicylindricum N.E.Br. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Aizoaceae Glochidion fernandi Müell.Arg. Lamiaceae Euphorbiaceae Glottiphyllum starkeae L.Bolus ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3A Aizoaceae Glochidion wilsonii Hutch. Gmelina asiatica L. G Euphorbiaceae Glottiphyllum uncatum (Salm-Dyck) Lamiaceae Gloriosa carsonii Baker N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3A - 4A Aizoaceae Liliaceae Gmelina elliptica Sm. = L. Gloxinia gymnostoma Griseb. Lamiaceae Gloriosa rothschildiana O’Brien Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A Liliaceae Gloxinia perennis (L.) Fritsch Gmelina hystrix Schult. ex Kurz = Gloriosa superba L. ‘Rothschildiana’ Gesneriaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Gloriosa simplex auct. Weed - 2 = Gmelina philippensis Cham. Liliaceae Gloxinia sylvatica (Kunth) Wiehler Gmelina philippensis Cham. = Gloriosa superba L. Gesneriaceae Lamiaceae Gloriosa superba L. Glumicalyx nutans (Rolfe) Hilliard See: Gmelina hystrix Schult. ex Kurz ◆ Liliaceae & B.L.Burtt Weed See: Gloriosa carsonii Baker, Scrophulariaceae Gnaphalium calviceps Fern. Gloriosa rothschildiana O’Brien, declinata Brébiss. Asteraceae Gloriosa simplex auct. Poaceae = Gamochaeta calviceps (Fern.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5A ◆ Weed - N - 1A Cabrera ◆ Glottiphyllum angustum N.E.Br. Weed - 5 (L.) R.Br. Aizoaceae Poaceae Gnaphalium candidissimum Lam. Glottiphyllum compressum L.Bolus ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 5 Asteraceae Aizoaceae = Vellereophyton dealbatum (Hartm.) Holmb. (Thunb.) Hilliard & Burtt. Glottiphyllum depressum (Haw.) N.E.Br. Poaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Gnaphalium coarctatum (Willd.) Ker. Asteraceae Glottiphyllum fragrans (Salm-Dyck) Glyceria notata Chevall. = Gamochaeta coarctata (Willd.) Schott Poaceae Kerguelen Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed Glottiphyllum latum (Salm-Dyck) N.E.Br. Glyceria plicata (Fr.) Fr. Gnaphalium hookeri Allan Aizoaceae Poaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Glottiphyllum linguiforme (L.) N.E.Br. Gnaphalium japonicum Thunb. Aizoaceae Glycine max (L.) Merr. Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Euchiton japonicus (Thunb.) Holub Glottiphyllum longum (Haw.) N.E.Br. See: Phaseolus max L., Soja hispida ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Aizoaceae Moench ◆ Gnaphalium mackayi (Buchanan) Glottiphyllum marlothii Schwantes Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 5 Cockayne Aizoaceae Glycine wightii (Wight & Arn.) Verdc. Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Glottiphyllum muirii N.E.Br. = Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn.) Gnaphalium obovatum (DC.) Sch.Bip. Aizoaceae J.A.Lackey Asteraceae Glottiphyllum neilii N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Gnaphalium panaetioides (DC.) Sch.Bip. Aizoaceae Glycyrrhiza foetida Desf. Asteraceae Glottiphyllum nelii Schwantes Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gnaphalium pensylvanicum Willd. Aizoaceae ◆ Weed Asteraceae Glottiphyllum oligocarpum L.Bolus Glycyrrhiza glabra L. = Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Aizoaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cabrera ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 ◆ Weed - 3 - 5

224 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers. L. Goodia lotifolia Salisb. Asteraceae Amaranthaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 5 ◆ Weed - Nn Gnaphalium subfalcatum Cabrera Gomphrena haageana Klotzsch Goodyera hemsleyana King & Pantling Asteraceae Amaranthaceae Orchidaceae = Gamochaeta subfalcata (Cabrera) Gonatanthus ornatus Schott Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R.Br. Cabrera Araceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Gonatostylis vieillardii (Rchb. f.) Schltr. Goodyera repens (L.) R.Br. Gnetum africanum Welw. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Gnetaceae ◆ Gongora armeniaca (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Weed Gnetum costatum K.Schum. Orchidaceae Goodyera vittata Benth. ex Hook. f. Gnetaceae Gongora atropurpurea W.J.Hook. Orchidaceae Gnetum gnemon L. Orchidaceae Gordonia axillaris (Roxb. ex Ker Gawl.) Gnetaceae Gongora galeata (Lindl.) Rchb. f. D.Dietr. Gnetum latifolium Blume Orchidaceae Theaceae Gnetaceae See: Franklinia axillaris Spreng G Gongora nigrita Lindl. Gnetum montanum Markgr. Orchidaceae Gordonia lasianthus (L.) J.Ellis Gnetaceae Theaceae Gongora quinquenervis Ruiz & Pav. Gnidia polycephala (C.A.Mey.) Gilg. Orchidaceae Gordonia tonkinensis Pit. Thymelaeaceae Theaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Gongora truncata Lindl. = Polyspora tonkinensis (Pit.) Orchidaceae B.M.Barthol. & T.L.Ming Novon Gnidia simplex L. f. Thymelaeaceae Goniolimon tataricum (L.) Boiss. Gordonia yunnanensis (Hu) Li Plumbaginaceae Theaceae Gnidia squarrosa (L.) Druce ◆ Weed Thymelaeaceae Gorteria personata L. Goniophlebium dissimile (L.) J.Sm. ◆ Weed - N Asteraceae Polypodiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 4A Goethea strictiflora Hook. Goniophlebium persicifolium (Desv.) Malvaceae Gossypium arboreum L. Bedd. Malvaceae Goldfussia anisophylla Nees Polypodiaceae Acanthaceae Gossypium barbadense L. Goniophlebium subauriculatum Malvaceae Gomesa crispa (Lindl.) Klotzsch (Blume) C.Presl ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ex Rchb. f. Polypodiaceae Orchidaceae Gossypium herbaceum L. Gonospermum fruticosum (Buch) Less. Malvaceae Gomesa foliosa (Hook.) Klotzsch Asteraceae = Gossypium hirsutum L. ex Rchb. f. Gonostemon asterias (Masson) ◆ Weed - 2A Orchidaceae P.V.Heath Gossypium hirsutum L. Gomesa recurva Lodd. Asclepiadaceae Malvaceae Orchidaceae Gonostemon gariepensis (Pillans) See: Gossypium herbaceum L. Gomortega keule (Molina) I.M.Johnst. P.V.Heath ◆ Weed - N - 1A Gomortegaceae Asclepiadaceae Gossypium religiosum L. Gomphocarpus cancellatus (Burm. f.) Gonostemon gettliffei (R.Pott) Malvaceae Bruyns P.V.Heath Gossypium sandvicense Parl. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Malvaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Gonostemon grandiflorus (N.E.Br.) = Gossypium tomentosum Nutt. Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) P.V.Heath ex Seem. W.T.Aiton Asclepiadaceae Gossypium thurberi Tod. Asclepiadaceae Gonostemon longipedicellatus Malvaceae See: Asclepias fruticosa L. (Berger) P.V.Heath ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Asclepiadaceae Gossypium tomentosum Nutt. ex Seem. Gomphocarpus physocarpus E.Mey. Gonostemon obductus (L.C.Leach) Malvaceae Asclepiadaceae P.V.Heath See: Gossypium sandvicense Parl. See: Asclepias physocarpa (E.Mey.) Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed Schltr. Gonostemon schinzii (Berger & Schltr.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Gouania latifolia Reiss. P.V.Heath Rhamnaceae Mart. Asclepiadaceae Amaranthaceae Grabowskia duplicata Arn. pusilla de Vriese ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Solanaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 225 Grammangis ellisii (Lindl.) Rchb. f. banksii R.Br. Grias cauliflora L. Orchidaceae Proteaceae Lecythidaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2A - 3 - 4 Grammangis stapeliiflora (Teijsm. Grielum grandiflorum (L.) Druce & Binn.) Schltr. R.Br. Neuradaceae Orchidaceae Proteaceae Grielum humifusum Thunb. ◆ Weed - Nn Grammatophyllum papuanum J.J.Sm. Neuradaceae Orchidaceae R.Br. X Grevillea Griffonia simplicifolia (Vahl ex DC.) Baill. victoriae F.Müell. Grammatophyllum scriptum (L.) Blume Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Orchidaceae Proteaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Grindelia camporum Greene Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume Asteraceae Schltdl. X Orchidaceae See: Grindelia robusta Nutt., A.Cunn. nom. ambig. Grammatotheca bergiana (Cham.) Proteaceae ◆ Weed - 3 C.Presl ◆ Weed - Nn Campanulaceae Grindelia robusta Nutt. nom. ambig. Makinson ◆ Weed - Nn Asteraceae Proteaceae G = Grindelia camporum Greene Graphorchis lurida Kuntze ◆ Weed - Nn Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Grevillea papuana Diels Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Graptopetalum amethystinum (Rose) Proteaceae E.Walther Asteraceae Crassulaceae A.Cunn. ex R.Br. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Proteaceae littoralis (Raoul) Raoul Graptopetalum bellum (Moran ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 & J.Meyran) D.R.Hunt Cornaceae Crassulaceae Grevillea rosmarinifolia A.Cunn. ◆ Weed - N - 2 = Tacitus bellus Moran & J.Meyran Proteaceae Griselinia lucida (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Graptopetalum filiferum (S.Watson) G.Forst. J.Whitehead Grewia asiatica L. Cornaceae Crassulaceae Tiliaceae Griselinia scandens (Ruiz & Pav.) Taub. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Graptopetalum pachyphyllum Rose Cornaceae Crassulaceae Grewia bicolor Juss. Grobya amherstiae Lindl. Tiliaceae Graptopetalum paraguayense (N.E.Br.) Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 E.Walther Gronophyllum cariosum Dowe Crassulaceae Grewia biloba G.Don & M.D.Ferrero See: Cotyledon paraguayensis N.E.Br. Tiliaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed Gronophyllum flabellatum (Becc.) Graptopetalum pentandrum Moran Grewia caffra Meisn. Essig & B.E.Young Crassulaceae Tiliaceae ◆ Arecaceae Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. Weed - 2A Gronophyllum microcarpum Scheffer Acanthaceae Grewia flavescens Juss. Arecaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Tiliaceae ◆ Gratiola officinalis L. Weed - 3 - 4 Gronophyllum montanum (Becc.) Essig & B.E.Young Scrophulariaceae Grewia hexamita Burret Arecaceae ◆ Weed Tiliaceae Gronophyllum pinangoides (Becc.) Grayia spinosa (Hook.) Moq. Grewia hirsuta Vahl Essig & B.E.Young Chenopodiaceae Tiliaceae ◆ Weed Arecaceae Grewia occidentalis L. Grusonia bradtiana (Coult.) Britton Greenovia aurea (C.A.Sm.) Webb Tiliaceae & Rose & Berthel. ◆ Weed - 3 Crassulaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed Grewia retinervis Burret = Opuntia bradtiana (Coul.) Tiliaceae Brandegee Greenovia diplocycla Webb ex Bolle Crassulaceae Grewia robusta Burch. Guadua amplexifolia J.Presl Tiliaceae Poaceae Greenovia dodrentalis Webb & Berth. See: Bambusa amplexifolia (J.Presl) Crassulaceae Grewia stolzii Ulbr. Schult. f. Tiliaceae Greigia sphacelata (Ruiz & Pav.) Regel ◆ Weed Bromeliaceae Greyia flanaganii Bolus Guadua angustifolia Kunth Greyiaceae R.Br. Poaceae Proteaceae Greyia radlkoferi Szyszyl. See: Bambusa guadua Bonpl. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Greyiaceae ◆ Weed

226 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Guadua paniculata Munro hamiltonii Kirk ex W.S.Ham. Guzmania melinonis Regel Poaceae Bromeliaceae See: Bambusa paniculata Munro Gunnera insignis Oerst. Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby Guadua trinii (Nees) Nees ex Rupr. Gunneraceae ex Mez Poaceae Bromeliaceae Gunnera magellanica Lam. ◆ Weed Gunneraceae Guzmania musaica (Linden & André) Guaiacum officinale L. Mez Gunnera manicata Linden Zygophyllaceae Bromeliaceae Gunneraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Guzmania nicaraguensis Mez & C.Baker Guarea macrophylla Vahl Bromeliaceae Gunnera mixta Kirk Meliaceae Gunneraceae Guzmania paniculata Mez Guazuma tomentosa H.B. & K. Bromeliaceae Gunnera monoica Raoul Sterculiaceae Gunneraceae Guzmania patula Mez & Werckl ◆ Weed - N - 2A Bromeliaceae Gunnera perpensa L. Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. Gunneraceae Guzmania pennellii L.B.Smith Sterculiaceae G Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Gunnera prorepens Hook. f. Gunneraceae Guzmania plicatifolia L.B.Sm. Guettarda uruguensis Cham. & Schltdl. Bromeliaceae Rubiaceae Gunnera strigosa Colenso Gunneraceae Guzmania remyi L.B.Sm. Guibourtia coleosperma (Benth.) Bromeliaceae J.Leonard Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirb. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Gunneraceae Guzmania rubrolutea Rauh See: Gunnera chilensis Lam. Bromeliaceae Guibourtia conjugata (Bolle) J.Leonard ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 5 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Guzmania sanguinea (André) André Gustavia marcgraaviana Miers ex Mez Guihaia argyrata (S.K.Lee & F.N.Wei) Lecythidaceae Bromeliaceae S.K.Lee, F.N.Wei & J.Dransfield Arecaceae Gustavia superba (Kunth) O.Berg Guzmania scherzeriana Mez Lecythidaceae Bromeliaceae Guihaia grossefibrosa (Gagnep.) J.Dransf., S.K.Lee & F.N.Wei Guzmania alborosea H.Luther Guzmania spectabilis (Mez & Werckl) Arecaceae Bromeliaceae Utley Bromeliaceae Guilleminea densa (Humb. & Bonpl. Guzmania andreettae Rauh ex Schult.) Moq. Bromeliaceae Guzmania squarrosa (Mez & Sodiro) Amaranthaceae L.B.Smith & Pittendrigh Guzmania angustifolia (Baker) Wittm. ◆ Weed - N - 5 Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae (L. f.) Cass. Guzmania stricta L.B.Smith Guzmania berteroniana (Schult. Asteraceae Bromeliaceae & Schult. f.) Mez ◆ Weed - N - 5 Bromeliaceae Guzmania subcorymbosa L.B.Sm. Gulubia hombronii Becc. Bromeliaceae Guzmania blassii Rauh Arecaceae Bromeliaceae Guzmania vittata (Martius Gulubia longispatha Becc. ex Schultes f.) Mez Guzmania calamifolia André ex Mez Arecaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Gulubia macrospadix (Burret) H.E.Moore Guzmania wittmackii (André) André Guzmania donnellsmithii Mez Arecaceae ex Mez ex J.D.Sm.Churchill Bromeliaceae Gulubia valida Essig Bromeliaceae Arecaceae Guzmania xanthobractea Gilmartin Guzmania erythrolepis Brongn. Bromeliaceae Gunnera albocarpa Cockayne ex Planch. Gunneraceae Bromeliaceae Guzmania zahnii (Hook. f.) Mez Bromeliaceae Gunnera chilensis Lam. Guzmania lindeni (André) André ex Mez Gunneraceae Bromeliaceae Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R.Br. = Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirb. Orchidaceae Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez ◆ Weed Gunnera dentata Kirk Bromeliaceae Gunneraceae Gymnaster savatieri (Makino) Kitam. Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez X Asteraceae Gunnera flavida Colenso Guzmania squarrosa (Mez & Sodiro) Gunneraceae L.B.Sm. & Pittendr. Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult. Bromeliaceae Asclepiadaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 227 Gymnocactus gielsdorfianus Gymnocalycium denudatum (Link Gymnocalycium mazanense Backeb. (Werderm.) Backeb. & Otto) Pfeiff. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Gymnocalycium nidulans = Turbinicarpus gielsdorfianus Backeb., Gymnocalycium Gymnocalycium doppianum (Uhlig) (Werderm.) V.John & Riha weissianum Backeb. nom. inval. Gymnocactus horripilus (Lem.) Backeb. Cactaceae Gymnocalycium mesopotamicum Cactaceae = Gymnocalycium andreae (Boed.) R.Kiesling = Turbinicarpus horripilus (Lem.) Backeb. & F.M.Knuth Cactaceae V.John & Riha Gymnocalycium eurypleurum F.Ritter Gymnocalycium mihanovichii (Fric Gymnocactus viereckii (Werderm.) ex F.Plesník & Guerke) Britton & Rose Backeb. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Gymnocalycium eytianum Cardenas Gymnocalycium monvillei (Lem.) = Turbinicarpus viereckii (Werderm.) & Cardenas Britton & Rose V.John & Riha Cactaceae Cactaceae Gymnocalycium andreae (Boed.) = Gymnocalycium marsoneri Y.Ito Gymnocalycium mostii Britton & Rose Backeb. & F.M.Knuth Gymnocalycium ferrarii Rausch Cactaceae G Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Gymnocalycium grandiflorum See: Gymnocalycium doppianum Backeb. in Backeb. & F.M.Knuth (Uhlig) nom. inval. Gymnocalycium fleischerianum Jajó ex Backeb. Gymnocalycium multiflorum Britton Gymnocalycium anisitsii (K.Schum.) Cactaceae & Rose Britton & Rose Cactaceae Cactaceae Gymnocalycium friedrichii (Werderm.) See: Gymnocalycium damsii Pazout Gymnocalycium neocumingii (Backeb.) (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose Cactaceae P.Hutchison Cactaceae Gymnocalycium asterium (Spegazzini) Gymnocalycium gibbosum (Haw.) Y.Ito Pfeiff. Gymnocalycium neumannianum Cactaceae Cactaceae (Backeb.) Hutchison = Gymnocalycium stellatum Speg. See: Gymnocalycium chubutense Cactaceae Speg. Gymnocalycium baldianum Spegazzini Gymnocalycium nidulans Backeb. Cactaceae Gymnocalycium grandiflorum Backeb. Cactaceae in Backeb. & F.M.Knuth = Gymnocalycium mazanense Backeb. Gymnocalycium bruchii (Spegazzini) Cactaceae Bckbg. Gymnocalycium nigriareolatum = Gymnocalycium mostii Britton Cactaceae Backeberg & Rose Cactaceae Gymnocalycium calochlorum (Boed.) Gymnocalycium horridispinum Y.Itô Gymnocalycium occultum Fric G.Frank ex H.Till Cactaceae ex Schutz Cactaceae Cactaceae Gymnocalycium capillaense (Schick) Gymnocalycium horstii Buining Backeb. Gymnocalycium pflanzii (Vaupel) Cactaceae Cactaceae Werderm. Gymnocalycium hybopleurum Cactaceae Gymnocalycium cardenasianum F.Ritter (K.Schum.) Backeberg See: Gymnocalycium marquezii Cactaceae Cactaceae Cárdenas, Gymnocalycium zegarrae Gymnocalycium castellanosii Backeb. See: Gymnocalycium Cárdenas Cactaceae pugionacanthum Backeberg ex H.Till Gymnocalycium platense Britton & Rose Gymnocalycium chiquitanum Gymnocalycium intertextum Backeb. Cactaceae Cárdenas Cactaceae Gymnocalycium pugionacanthum Cactaceae Gymnocalycium joossensianum Backeberg ex H.Till Gymnocalycium chubutense Speg. (Boedeker) Britton & Rose Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Gymnocalycium hybopleurum = Gymnocalycium gibbosum (Haw.) (K.Schum.) Backeberg Gymnocalycium leeanum (Hooker) Pfeiff. Britton & Rose Gymnocalycium quehlianum (Haage jr.) Gymnocalycium damsii (K.Schum.) Cactaceae Vaupel ex Hoss. Britton & Rose Cactaceae Gymnocalycium marquezii Cárdenas Cactaceae Cactaceae Gymnocalycium riojense Fri ex Pazout = Gymnocalycium anisitsii = Gymnocalycium pflanzii (Vaupel) Cactaceae (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose Werderm. Gymnocalycium ritterianum Rausch Gymnocalycium deeszianum Dolz Gymnocalycium marsoneri Y.Ito Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Gymnocalycium eytianum Cardenas & Cardenas

228 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Gymnocalycium saglione (Cels) Gymnospermium albertii (Regel) Takht. aurantiaca (Blume) DC. Brown & R. Berberidaceae Asteraceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Gymnostoma chamaecyparis (Poiss.) = Gymnocalycium saglionis (Cels) L.A.S.Johnson Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Britton & Rose Casuarinaceae Asteraceae Gymnocalycium saglionis (Cels) ◆ Weed - 3 Gymnostoma deplancheanum (Miq.) Britton & Rose L.A.S.Johnson Gynura sarmentosa (Blume) DC. Cactaceae Casuarinaceae Asteraceae See: Gymnocalycium saglione (Cels) Brown & R. Gymnostoma intermedium (Poiss.) Gypsophila arrostii Guss. L.A.S.Johnson Caryophyllaceae Gymnocalycium schickendantzii Casuarinaceae (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose Gypsophila cerastioides D.Don Cactaceae Gymnostoma leucodon (Poiss.) Caryophyllaceae L.A.S.Johnson Gymnocalycium schroederianum Casuarinaceae Gypsophila elegans M.Bieb. Osten Caryophyllaceae Cactaceae Gymnostoma papuanum (S.Moore) ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 L.A.S.Johnson G Gymnocalycium spegazzinii Britton Casuarinaceae Gypsophila glomerata Pallas ex Bieb. & Rose See: Casuarina papuana S.Moore Caryophyllaceae Cactaceae Gymnostoma poissonianum (Schltr.) Gypsophila muralis L. Gymnocalycium stellatum Speg. L.A.S.Johnson Caryophyllaceae Cactaceae Casuarinaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 See: Gymnocalycium asterium Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq. (Spegazzini) Y.Ito Gymnostoma sumatranum (Jungh. ex de Vriese) L.A.S.Johnson Caryophyllaceae Gymnocalycium triacanthum Backeb. Casuarinaceae ◆ Weed Cactaceae See: Casuarina sumatrana Jungh. Gypsophila pacifica Kom. ex de Vriese Gymnocalycium uruguayense Britton Caryophyllaceae & Rose Gymnostoma webbianum (Miq.) Gypsophila paniculata L. Cactaceae L.A.S.Johnson Caryophyllaceae Casuarinaceae Gymnocalycium valnicekianum Jajó ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Cactaceae Gymnostyles anthemifolia Juss. Gypsophila perfoliata L. Asteraceae Gymnocalycium vatteri Buining Caryophyllaceae See: anthemifolia (Juss.) Sweet Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 5 ◆ Weed Gymnocalycium weissianum Backeb. Gymnostyles stolonifera (Brot.) Tutin Gypsophila repens L. Cactaceae Asteraceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ = Gymnocalycium mazanense See: Soliva stolonifera (Brot.) Sweet Weed - 2 - 5 Backeb. ◆ Weed Gypsophila scorzonerifolia Ser. Gymnocalycium zegarrae Cárdenas Gynandriris anomala Goldblatt Caryophyllaceae ◆ Cactaceae Iridaceae Weed - 2 = Gymnocalycium pflanzii (Vaupel) Gypsophila tenuifolia M.Bieb. Werderm. Gynandriris cedarmontana Goldblatt Iridaceae Caryophyllaceae Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman Gypsophila tubulosa (Jaub. & Spach) Dryopteridaceae Gynandriris pritzeliana (Diels) Boiss. ◆ Weed - 2 Goldblatt Iridaceae Caryophyllaceae Gymnocarpium robertianum (Hoffm.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A Newm. Gynandriris setifolia (L. f.) R.C.Foster Dryopteridaceae Iridaceae ◆ ◆ Weed Weed - N - 1A - 2A Gymnocladus chinensis Baill. Gynandriris simulans (Baker) R.Foster Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Iridaceae Gymnocladus dioica (L.) K.Koch Gynandriris (L.) Parl. Iridaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae = Moraea sisyrinchium (L.) Ker Gawl. ◆ Weed Gynatrix pulchella (Willd.) Alef. Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K.Koch Malvaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - 2 Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Gymnocoronis spilanthoides DC. Makino Asteraceae Cucurbitaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5A ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 229 G

230 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Hedyotis littoralis H Credit: Forest & Kim Starr Haageocereus acanthocladus Rauh Haageocereus platinospinus andersonii Herb. ex Lindl. & Backeb. (Werderm. & Backeberg) Backeb. Amaryllidaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Habranthus brachyandrus (Baker) Sealy = Haageocereus multangularis Haageocereus pseudoversicolor Rauh Amaryllidaceae (Haw.) F.Ritter & Backeb. Habranthus estensis Ravenna Haageocereus acranthus (Vaupel) Cactaceae Amaryllidaceae Backeb. = Haageocereus pacalaensis Backeb. Cactaceae Habranthus gracilifolius Herb. Haageocereus repens Rauh & Backeb. Amaryllidaceae = Haageocereus limensis (Salm-Dyck) Cactaceae = Zephyranthes gracilifolia Baker F.Ritter = Haageocereus pacalaensis Backeb. Haageocereus akersii Backeb. Haageocereus setosus (Akers) Backeb. Habranthus martinezii Ravenna Cactaceae Cactaceae Amaryllidaceae = Haageocereus multangularis = Haageocereus multangularis Habranthus robustus Herb. ex Sweet (Haw.) F.Ritter (Haw.) F.Ritter Amaryllidaceae H ◆ Haageocereus albispinus (Akers) Rauh Haageocereus tenuis F.Ritter Weed - N & Backeb. Cactaceae Habranthus robustus Herb. ex Sweet Cactaceae Haageocereus versicolor (Werderm. X Habranthus martinezii Ravenna Haageocereus aureispinus Rauh & Backeberg) Backeb. Amaryllidaceae & Backeb. Cactaceae Habranthus texanus (Herb.) Herb. Cactaceae X Haagespostoa albisetata (Akers) ex Steud. = Haageocereus multangularis Amaryllidaceae (Haw.) F.Ritter G.D.Rowley Cactaceae = Habranthus tubispathus (L’Hérit.) Haageocereus australis Backeb. See: Neobinghamia villigera Rauh Traub Cactaceae & Backeb. Habranthus texanus (Herb.) Herb. Haageocereus chosicensis (Werderm. X Haagespostoa climaxantha ex Steud. X Habranthus robustus & Backeberg) Backeb. (Werdermann) G.D.Rowley Herb. ex Sweet Cactaceae Cactaceae Amaryllidaceae See: Haageocereus climaxanthus Haageocereus climaxanthus Habranthus tubispathus (L’Hérit.) Traub (Werderm.) Croizat, Neobinghamia (Werderm.) Croizat Amaryllidaceae climaxantha (Werdermann) Backeb. Cactaceae See: Habranthus texanus (Herb.) = X Haagespostoa climaxantha Haastia pulvinaris Hook. f. Herb. ex Steud. (Werdermann) G.D.Rowley Asteraceae ◆ Weed Haageocereus decumbens (Vaupel) Haastia recurva Hook. f. Hacquetia epipactis (Scop.) DC. Backeb. Asteraceae Apiaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Habenaria arietina Hook. f. Haageocereus lanugispinus F.Ritter Orchidaceae Hadrodemas warszewiczianum (Kunth Cactaceae & C.D.Bouche) H.E.Moore Habenaria clavellata (Michx.) Spreng. Commelinaceae Haageocereus limensis (Salm-Dyck) Orchidaceae F.Ritter = Platanthera clavellata (Michx.) Luer Haemanthus albiflos Jacq. Amaryllidaceae Cactaceae Habenaria dentata (Sw.) Schltr. See: Haageocereus acranthus Orchidaceae Haemanthus amarylloides Jacq. (Vaupel) Backeb. Amaryllidaceae Habenaria dentata (Sw.) Schltr. X Haageocereus multangularis (Haw.) Habenaria rhodocheila Hance Haemanthus barkerae D.A.Snijman F.Ritter Orchidaceae Amaryllidaceae Cactaceae See: Haageocereus acanthocladus Habenaria medioflexa Turrill Haemanthus carneus Ker Gawl. Rauh & Backeb., Haageocereus akersii Orchidaceae Amaryllidaceae Backeb., Haageocereus aureispinus Habenaria rhodocheila Hance Haemanthus coccineus L. Rauh & Backeb., Haageocereus Orchidaceae Amaryllidaceae setosus (Akers) Backeb. Habenaria susannae R.Br. Haemanthus crispus Snijman Haageocereus pacalaensis Backeb. Orchidaceae Amaryllidaceae Cactaceae See: Haageocereus pseudoversicolor Haberlea ferdinandi-coburgii Urum. Haemanthus deformis Hook. f. Rauh & Backeb., Haageocereus Gesneriaceae Amaryllidaceae repens Rauh & Backeb. Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. Haemanthus humilis Jacq. Gesneriaceae Amaryllidaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 231 Haemanthus katherinae Baker francisiana F.Müell. Halimium commutatum Pau Amaryllidaceae Proteaceae Cistaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Haemanthus lanceaefolius Jacq. Halimium halimifolium (L.) Willk. Amaryllidaceae (Sm.) Cav. & Lange Proteaceae Cistaceae Haemanthus magnificus (Herb.) Herb. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Amaryllidaceae Halimium lasianthum (Lam.) Spach = Scadoxus puniceus (L.) Friis R.Br. Cistaceae & Nordal Proteaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Haemanthus montanus Baker Halimium ocymoides (Lam.) Willk. Amaryllidaceae Meissner & Lange Proteaceae Cistaceae Haemanthus multiflorus Martyn ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Amaryllidaceae Halimium umbellatum (L.) Spach (Vent.) B.L.Burtt Cistaceae Haemanthus natalensis Pappe ex Hook. Proteaceae Amaryllidaceae Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 5 = Scadoxus puniceus (L.) Friis Leguminosae - Papilionaceae & Nordal Schrad. & J.C.Wendl. ◆ Weed - 4 Proteaceae Haemanthus nortieri Isaac Halleria lucida L. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 H Amaryllidaceae Scrophulariaceae Hakea suaveolens R.Br. ◆ Weed - 3 Haemanthus pubescens L. f. Proteaceae Amaryllidaceae Halmoorea trispatha J.Dransf. & N.Uhl. = (C.F.Gaertn.) Arecaceae Haemanthus puniceus L. Roem. & Schult. Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Halocarpus bidwillii (Hook. f. ex T.Kirk) = Scadoxus puniceus (L.) Friis C.J.Quinn Hakonechloa macra (Munro) Makino & Nordal Podocarpaceae Poaceae Haemanthus sanguineus Jacq. ◆ Weed Halocarpus biformis (Hook.) Amaryllidaceae C.J.Quinn. Halenia elliptica D.Don Podocarpaceae Haemaria discolor Lindl. Gentianaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Halocarpus kirkii (F.Müell. ex Parl.) C.J.Quinn brasiletto H.Karst. Halenia weddelliana Gilg Podocarpaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Gentianaceae ◆ Weed Haloragis aspera Lindl. Halesia carolina L. Haematoxylum campechianum L. Styracaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 5 Haloragis erecta (Banks ex Murr.) Oken Halesia diptera J.Ellis Haloragaceae Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F.Gmel. Styracaceae ◆ Weed Rosaceae Halesia monticola (Rehder) Sarg. ◆ Weed Haloragis stricta Benth. Styracaceae Haloragaceae cylindrica (Willd.) Greuter = Halesia tetraptera J.Ellis var. ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A Poaceae monticola (Rehd.) Reveal & Seldin ◆ Weed - N - 1A Halostachys caspica (M.Bieb.) Halesia tetraptera J.Ellis C.A.Mey. Meissner Styracaceae Chenopodiaceae Proteaceae See: Halesia monticola (Rehder) Sarg. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Halothamnus subaphyllus (C.A.Mey.) X Halimiocistus revolii (Coste & Soulié) Botsch. R.Br. Dansereau Chenopodiaceae Proteaceae Cistaceae ◆ Weed - Nn = Cistus salviifolius L. X Halimium Haloxylon aphyllum (Minkw.) Iljin lasianthum (Lam.) Spach ssp. Chenopodiaceae Hakea drupacea (C.F.Gaertn.) Roem. alyssoides (Lam.) Greuter & Burdet & Schult. Haloxylon persicum Bunge ex Boiss. Proteaceae X Halimiocistus wintonensis Warb. & Buhse ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Cistaceae Chenopodiaceae = Cistus salviifolius L. X Halimium Hakea elliptica (Sm.) R.Br. Hamamelis X intermedia Rehder lasianthum (Lam.) Spach ‘Formosum’ Proteaceae Hamamelidaceae See: Cistus X wintonensis O.E.Warb. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A = Hamamelis japonica Siebold Halimium alyssoides (Lam.) K.Koch & Zucc. X Hamamelis mollis Oliv. R.Br. Cistaceae Proteaceae Hamamelis japonica Sieb. & Zucc. ◆ Weed - Nn Halimium calycinum K.Koch Hamamelidaceae Cistaceae

232 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Hamamelis mollis Oliv. Harrisia jusbertii (Rebut ex K.Schum.) Hatiora rosea (Lagerh.) Barthlott Hamamelidaceae Neale Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Rhipsalidopsis rosea (Lagerh.) Hamamelis vernalis Sarg. possibly = Harrisia pomanensis Britton & Rose Hamamelidaceae (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose X Hatiora salicornioides (Haw.) Britton Hamamelis virginiana L. Echinopsis eyriesii Pfeiff. & Otto & Rose Hamamelidaceae Harrisia martinii (Labour.) Britton Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae See: Hatiora cylindrica Britton & Rose Hamelia patens Jacq. See: Eriocereus martinii (Labour.) Haumania leonardiana G.Evrard Rubiaceae Riccob. & Bamps ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5A Marantaceae Hampea trilobata Standl. Harrisia pomanensis (F.A.C.Weber) Haumania liebrechtsiana (De Wild. Malvaceae Britton & Rose & Th.Dur.) J.Leonard Cactaceae Haplocarpha rueppellii K.Lewin Marantaceae Asteraceae See: Eriocereus bonplandii (Pfeiff.) Riccob., Harrisia bonplandii (Pfeiff.) Hauya elegans DC. Haplopappus foliosus DC. Britton & Rose Onagraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N Hauya heydeana Donn.Sm. Haplopappus glutinosus Cass. Harrisia regelii (Weing.) Borg Onagraceae H Asteraceae Cactaceae Haworthia altilinea Haw. See: Eriocereus regelii (Weing.) Hardenbergia comptoniana (Andrews) Aloeaceae Benth. Backeb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N Haworthia angustifolia Haw. ◆ Aloeaceae Weed - Nn Harrisia simpsonii Small Hardenbergia monophylla (Vent.) Benth. Cactaceae Haworthia arachnoidea (L.) Duval Aloeaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Harrisia tetracantha (Labour.) Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) D.R.Hunt Haworthia attenuata (Haw.) Haw. DC. ex Meisn. Cactaceae Aloeaceae Pedaliaceae Harrisia tortuosa (J.Forbes ex Otto Haworthia batesiana Uitew. ◆ Weed - 3 & A.Dietr.) Britton & Rose Aloeaceae Harpephyllum caffrum Bernh. Cactaceae Haworthia bayeri J.D.Venter ex C.Krauss See: Eriocereus tortuosus (J.Forbes & S.A.Hammer Anacardiaceae ex Otto & A.Dietr.) Riccob. Aloeaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - N - 3A Haworthia blackburniae W.F.Barker arborea (Blanco) Radlk. Hartia sinensis Dunn Aloeaceae Sapindaceae Theaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Haworthia bolusii Baker Hartwegia purpurea Lindl. Aloeaceae Harrisia adscendens Britton & Rose Orchidaceae Cactaceae Haworthia browniana Poelln. Harungana madagascariensis Lam. Aloeaceae Harrisia bonplandii (Pfeiff.) Britton ex Poir. & Rose Clusiaceae Haworthia bruynsii M.B.Bayer Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Aloeaceae = Harrisia pomanensis (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose Hastingsia alba (Dur.) S.Wats. Haworthia chloracantha Haw. ◆ Weed Liliaceae Aloeaceae See: Schoenolirion album Dur. Harrisia divaricata (Lamarck) Lourteig Haworthia coarctata Haw. Cactaceae Hatiora cylindrica Britton & Rose Aloeaceae Cactaceae Haworthia comptoniana G.G.Smith Harrisia eriophora (Pfeiff.) Britton = Hatiora salicornioides (Haw.) Aloeaceae Cactaceae Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - 3 Haworthia cooperi Baker Hatiora epiphylloides (Campos Porto Aloeaceae Harrisia fernowii Britton & Werderm.) P.V.Heath Cactaceae Cactaceae Haworthia cuspidata Haw. Aloeaceae Harrisia gracilis (Mill.) Britton Hatiora gaertneri (Regel) Barthlott Cactaceae Cactaceae Haworthia cymbiformis (Haw.) Duval Harrisia guelichii (Speg.) Britton & Rose See: Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri (Regel) Aloeaceae Cactaceae Moran, Schlumbergera gaertneri (Regel) Britton & Rose Haworthia cymbiformis (Haw) Duval Harrisia hahniana (Backeb.) Kimnach X Haworthia retusa (L.) Duval & Hutchison Hatiora herminiae (Porto & A.Cast.) Aloeaceae Cactaceae Backeb. ex Barthlott Cactaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 233 Haworthia cymbiformis (Haw) Duval Haworthia marginata (Lam.) Stearn Haworthia retusa (L.) Duval X Haworthia springbokvlakensis Aloeaceae Aloeaceae C.L.Scott Haworthia marumiana Uitew. Haworthia X rigida Haw. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia decipiens Poelln. = Haworthia glabrata (Salm-Dyck) Haworthia maughanii Poelln. Aloeaceae Bak. X Haworthia tortuosa Haw. Aloeaceae Haworthia emelyae Poelln. Haworthia rubrobrunnea Poelln. Haworthia maughanii Poelln. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae X Haworthia magnifica Poelln. Haworthia fasciata (Willd.) Haw. Aloeaceae Haworthia rugosa (Salm-Dyck) Baker Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia minima Baker Haworthia floribunda Poelln. Aloeaceae Haworthia scabra Haw. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia mirabilis (Haw.) Haw. Haworthia glabrata (Salm-Dyck) Baker Aloeaceae Haworthia semiviva (Poelln.) Aloeaceae M.B.Bayer Haworthia mucronata Haw. Aloeaceae Haworthia glauca Baker Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia setata Haw. Haworthia mundula G.G.Sm. Haworthia graminifolia G.G.Sm. Aloeaceae H Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia sordida Haw. Haworthia mutica Haw. Aloeaceae Haworthia haageana Poelln. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia springbokvlakensis C.L.Scott Haworthia mutica Haw. X Haworthia Aloeaceae Haworthia habdomadis Poelln. cymbiformis (Haw.) Duval Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia subattenuata (Salm-Dyck) Baker Haworthia heidelbergensis G.G.Sm. Haworthia nigra Baker Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia tenera Poelln. Haworthia herbacea (Mill.) Stearn Haworthia nortieri G.G.Sm. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia tessellata Haw. Haworthia herrei Poelln. Haworthia obtusa Haw. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia tortuosa Haw. Haworthia hurlingii Poelln. Haworthia pearsonii C.H.Wright Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia translucens Haw. Haworthia jacobseniana Poelln. Haworthia pehlemanniae C.L.Scott Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia truncata Schönland Haworthia janseana Uitew. Haworthia poellnitziana Uitew. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia turgida Haw. Haworthia kingiana Poelln. Haworthia pubescens M.B.Bayer Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia unicolor Poelln. Haworthia koelmaniorum Oberm. Haworthia pulchella M.B.Bayer Aloeaceae & Hardy Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia venosa (Lam.) Haw. Haworthia pumila Duval Aloeaceae Haworthia laetevirens Haw. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia viscosa (L.) Haw. Haworthia pygmaea Poelln. Aloeaceae Haworthia lateganae Poelln. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia vittata Baker Haworthia radula (Jacq.) Haw. Haworthia leightonii G.G.Sm. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia zantneriana Poelln. Haworthia ramosa G.G.Sm. Haworthia limifolia Marloth Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Hebe acutiflora Cockayne Haworthia recurva Haw. Haworthia lockwoodii Archibald Scrophulariaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Hebe albicans (Petrie) Cockayne Haworthia reinwardtii (Salm-Dyck) Haw. Haworthia magnifica Poelln. Scrophulariaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Hebe allanii Cockayne Haworthia resendeana Poelln. Haworthia maraisii Poelln. Scrophulariaceae Aloeaceae Aloeaceae Haworthia reticulata (Haw.) Haw. Haworthia margaritifera (L.) Haw. Aloeaceae Aloeaceae

234 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Hebe X amabilis (Cheeseman) Hebe colensoi (Hook. f.) Cockayne Hebe haastii Cockayne & Allan Cockayne & Allan Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Hebe corriganii Carse Hebe hectoris (Hook. f.) Cockayne = Hebe elliptica (Forster f.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae & Allan X Hebe salcifolia (Forster f.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Hebe cupressoides (Hook. f.) Cockayne & Allan Hebe hulkeana (F.Müell.) Cockayne Hebe amplexicaulis (J.B.Armstr.) Scrophulariaceae & Allan Cockayne & Allan ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed Hebe decumbens (J.B.Armstr.) Hebe andersonii (Lindl. & Paxton) Cockayne & Allan Hebe imperialis (Bouch.) Cockayne Cockayne Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Hebe insularis Cockayne & Allan Hebe dieffenbachii (Benth.) Cockayne Scrophulariaceae Hebe armstrongii (J.Y.Johnson ex & Allan J.B.Armstr.) Cockayne & Allan Scrophulariaceae Hebe laevis (Benth.) Cockayne & Allan Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Scrophulariaceae = Hebe venustula (Colenso) Hebe astoni Cockayne & Allan Hebe diosmifolia (R.Cunn. ex A.Cunn.) Cockayne Scrophulariaceae Cockayne & Allan Hebe laingii (Cockayne) Cockayne H Hebe balfouriana (Hook. f.) Cockayne Scrophulariaceae & Allan Scrophulariaceae Hebe elliptica (G.Forst.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae Hebe barkeri (Cockayne) Cockayne Scrophulariaceae Hebe leiophylla (Cheeseman) Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Cockayne & Allan ◆ Weed - 2 Hebe elliptica (G.Forst.) Pennell X Scrophulariaceae Hebe X bishopiana (Petrie) E.D.Hutch Hebe salicifolia (G.Forst.) Pennell ◆ Weed - 2 Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae = Hebe X lewisii (J.B.Armstr.) Hebe X lewisii (J.B.Armstr.) Cockayne Hebe bollonsii (Cockayne) Cockayne Cockayne & Allan & Allan & Allan ◆ Weed - 2 Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae = Hebe salicifolia (Forst.) Penn. Hebe elliptica (G.Forst.) Pennell X X Hebe elliptica (Forst.) Penn. Hebe brachysiphon Summerh. Hebe speciosa (R.Cunn. ex A.Cunn.) [probable parents] Scrophulariaceae Andersen ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Scrophulariaceae Hebe ligustrifolia (R.Cunn. ex A.Cunn.) Hebe breviracemosa Andersen = Hebe X franciscana (Eastw.) Souster ◆ Cockayne & Allan Scrophulariaceae Weed - 2 Scrophulariaceae Hebe buchananii (Hook. f.) Cockayne Hebe epacridea (Hook. f.) Cockayne Hebe lycopodioides (Hook. f.) & Allan & Allan Cockayne & Allan Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Hebe buxifolia (Benth.) Cockayne Hebe evenosa (Petrie) Cockayne & Allan Hebe macrantha (Hook. f.) Cockayne & Allan Scrophulariaceae & Allan Scrophulariaceae Hebe fairfieldii Hook. f. Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae Hebe macrocarpa Cockayne & Allan Hebe canterburiensis (Armstr.) Hebe formosa (R.Br.) Cockayne Scrophulariaceae L.B.Moore Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Hebe myrtifolia (Banks & Sol. ex Benth.) Hebe X franciscana (Eastw.) Souster Cockayne Hebe carnosula (Hook. f.) Cockayne Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae See: Hebe elliptica (G.Forst.) Pennell X Hebe speciosa (R.Cunn. Hebe ochracea Ashwin Hebe carsei (Petrie) Cockayne ex A.Cunn.) Andersen Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Hebe odora (Hook. f.) Cockayne Hebe chathamica (Buchanan) Hebe fruticeti G.Simpson Scrophulariaceae Cockayne & Allan & J.S.Thomson Scrophulariaceae Hebe pareora Garn.-Jones Scrophulariaceae & B.P.J.Molloy Hebe cheesemanii Cockayne & Allan Hebe gibbsii (Kirk) Cockayne & Allan Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Hebe parviflora (Vahl) Cockayne & Allan Hebe ciliolata Cockayne & Allan Hebe glaucophylla Cockayne & Allan Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N Hebe coarctata (Cheeseman) ◆ Weed Hebe pauciramosa (Cockayne & Allan) Cockayne & Allan Hebe gracillima Cockayne & Allan L.B.Moore Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 235 Hebe petriei Cockayne & Allan Hebe treadwellii Cockayne & Allan helix L. Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Araliaceae See: Hibberd, Hebe pimeleoides (Hook. f.) Cockayne Hebe truncatula (Colenso) L.B.Moore Willd., Hedera & Allan Scrophulariaceae conglomerata hort. Scrophulariaceae Hebe venustula (Colenso) Cockayne ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Hebe pinguifolia (Hook. f.) Cockayne Scrophulariaceae K.Koch & Allan See: Hebe laevis (Benth.) Cockayne Araliaceae Scrophulariaceae & Allan (Miq.) Bean Hebe poppelwellii Cockayne & Allan Hebe vernicosa (Hook. f.) Cockayne Araliaceae Scrophulariaceae & Allan ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae Hebe propinqua (Cheeseman) arborea Forst. Cockayne & Allan Hebenstretia dentata L. Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N carneum Y.Y.Qian Hebe pubescens (Banks & Sol. Zingiberaceae ex Benth.) Cockayne & Allan Hebenstretia dura Choisy Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Hedychium coccineum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Hebe rakaiensis (J.B.Armstr.) Hebenstretia fastigiosa Jarosz. Zingiberaceae H Cockayne Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Scrophulariaceae Hechtia argentea Baker J.Konig Hebe raoulii (Hook. f.) Cockayne Bromeliaceae Zingiberaceae & Allan Hechtia desmetiana (Baker) Mez ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Scrophulariaceae Bromeliaceae Hedychium densiflorum Wall. Hebe recurva G.Simpson & J.S.Thomson Hechtia epigyna Harms Zingiberaceae Scrophulariaceae Bromeliaceae Hedychium flavescens Carey ex Roscoe Hebe rigidula (Cheeseman) Cockayne Hechtia glomerata Zucc. Zingiberaceae & Allan Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Scrophulariaceae Hechtia macdougallii L.B.Smith Hedychium flavum Roxb. Hebe rupicola (Cheeseman) Cockayne Bromeliaceae Zingiberaceae & Allan ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae Hechtia marnier-lapostollei L.B.Smith Bromeliaceae Sheppard Hebe salicifolia (G.Forst.) Pennell ex Ker Gawl. Scrophulariaceae Hechtia roseana L.B.Smith Zingiberaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5A Hebe salicornioides (Hook. f.) Hechtia stenopetala Klotzsch Hedychium greenei W.W.Sm. Cockayne & Allan Bromeliaceae Zingiberaceae Scrophulariaceae Hechtia texensis S.Wats. Hedychium horsfieldii R.Br. ex Wall. Hebe speciosa (R.Cunn. ex A.Cunn.) Bromeliaceae Zingiberaceae Andersen Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. Scrophulariaceae Hedychium longicornutum Griff. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 ex Baker ◆ Weed - 2 Zingiberaceae Hebe stricta (Banks & Sol. ex Benth.) Hedera algeriensis Hibberd L.B.Moore Hedychium speciosum Wall. Araliaceae Scrophulariaceae Zingiberaceae = L. ssp. canariensis ◆ Weed - 2 (Willd.) Cout. Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham. Hebe subalpina (Cockayne) Cockayne ◆ Weed - 2 Zingiberaceae & Allan Hedera canariensis Willd. Hedyotis auricularia L. Scrophulariaceae Araliaceae Rubiaceae Hebe tetragona (Hook. f.) Anders. = Hedera helix L. ssp. canariensis ◆ Weed - 3 Scrophulariaceae (Willd.) Cout. Hedyotis caerulea (L.) Hook. ◆ Weed - 5 Hebe topiaria L.B.Moore Rubiaceae Scrophulariaceae (K.Koch) K.Koch = Houstonia caerulea L. Araliaceae Hebe townsonii (Cheeseman) Hedyotis littoralis (Hbd.) Fosberg ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Cockayne & Allan Rubiaceae Scrophulariaceae Hedera conglomerata hort. Hedyotis michauxii Fosberg Araliaceae Hebe traversii (Hook. f.) Cockayne Rubiaceae = Hedera helix L. & Allan = Houstonia serpyllifolia Michx. Scrophulariaceae

236 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Hedyotis procumbens (Walt. Helenium bigelovii A.Gray Helianthocereus pasacanus ex J.F.Gmel.) Fosberg Asteraceae (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb. Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Cactaceae = Houstonia procumbens (Walt. = Echinopsis pasacana Helenium hoopesii A.Gray ex J.F.Gmel.) Standl. (F.A.C.Weber) Friedrich & Rowley Asteraceae Hedypnois cretica (L.) Dum.Cours. = Hymenoxys hoopesii (A.Gray) angustifolius L. Asteraceae Bierner Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) Willd. Helenium pumilum Willd. L. Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Helianthemum aegyptiacum (L.) Mill. Hedysarum alpinum L. Cistaceae Torr. & A.Gray Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae Helianthemum apenninum (L.) Mill. ◆ Weed - N - 3 Hedysarum boutignyanum (Camus) Cistaceae Alleiz. ◆ Weed Helianthus ciliaris DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae Helianthemum broussonetii Dunal ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Hedysarum carnosum Desf. ex DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cistaceae Nutt. H Asteraceae Hedysarum coronarium L. Helianthemum bystropogophyllum ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Svent. ◆ Weed - N - 3 Cistaceae Helianthus gracilentus A.Gray Asteraceae Hedysarum flexuosum L. Helianthemum canum (L.) Baumg. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cistaceae Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. Asteraceae Hedysarum hedysaroides (L.) Schinz Helianthemum cinereum (Cav.) Pers. ◆ Weed - 3 & Thell. Cistaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Helianthus occidentalis Riddell Helianthemum croceum (Desf.) Pers. Asteraceae Hedysarum multijugum Maxim. Cistaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Helianthus salicifolius A.Dietr. Helianthemum gorgoneum Webb Asteraceae Hedysarum pallidum Desf. Cistaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Helianthemum grandiflorum (Scop.) DC. Helianthus tuberosus L. Hedysarum sikkimense Benth. ex Baker Cistaceae Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Helianthemum ledifolium (L.) Mill. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Hedysarum varium Willd. Cistaceae X Heliaporus smithii (Pfeiff.) Rowley Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Helianthemum nummularium (L.) Mill. Cactaceae Heeria elegans Schltdl. Cistaceae Helichrysum amorginum Boiss. & Orph. Anacardiaceae ◆ Weed Asteraceae Hegemone micrantha (Winkler Helianthemum oelandicum (L.) DC. Helichrysum amplectens Hilliard & Komarov) Butkov Cistaceae Asteraceae Ranunculaceae Helianthemum piliferum Boiss. Helichrysum angustifolium (Lam.) DC. Heimerlia brunoniana (Endl.) Skottsb. Cistaceae Asteraceae Nyctaginaceae Helianthemum salicifolium (L.) Mill. = Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G.Don Heimia myrtifolia Cham. & Schltdl. Cistaceae Helichrysum appendiculatum (L. f.) Less. Lythraceae ◆ Weed Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 3 Helianthemum scoparium Nutt. ◆ Weed Heimia salicifolia (Kunth) Link ex Torr. & Gray Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench Lythraceae Cistaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N Helianthemum vulgare Gaertn. ◆ Weed Helcia sanguinolenta Lindl. Cistaceae Helichrysum argyrophyllum DC. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Asteraceae Helenium amarum (Raf.) H.Rock Helianthocereus huascha ◆ Weed - 3 Asteraceae (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb. Helichrysum bellidioides (G.Forst.) Willd. ◆ Weed - N - 3 Cactaceae Asteraceae = Echinopsis huascha (F.A.C.Weber) Helenium autumnale L. ◆ Weed - 2 H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Asteraceae Helichrysum bellum Hilliard ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Asteraceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 237 Helichrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Helichrysum petiolatum auct. Heliconia bourgaeana Petersen. Andrews Asteraceae Heliconiaceae Asteraceae = Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard Heliconia brasiliensis Hook. ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 & B.L.Burtt Heliconiaceae Helichrysum brownei S.Moore Helichrysum plicatum DC. Heliconia caribaea Lam. Asteraceae Asteraceae Heliconiaceae Helichrysum cassinianum Gaudich. Helichrysum plumeum Allan Heliconia caribaea Lam. X Heliconia Asteraceae Asteraceae bihai (L.) L. Helichrysum citrispinum Delile. Helichrysum populifolium DC. Heliconiaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Heliconia champneiana Griggs Helichrysum cooperi Harv. Helichrysum retortum Willd. Heliconiaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Heliconia chartacea Lane ex Barreiros ◆ Weed Helichrysum retrorsum DC. Heliconiaceae Helichrysum coralloides Benth. Asteraceae Heliconia collinsiana Griggs & Hook. f. Helichrysum rupestre (Raf.) DC. Heliconiaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Heliconia densiflora Verlot Helichrysum cymosum (L.) D.Don Helichrysum scapiforme Moeser Heliconiaceae H Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed Heliconia episcopalis Vell. Helichrysum selago (Hook. f.) Benth. Heliconiaceae Helichrysum dasyanthum Sweet & Hook. f. Asteraceae Heliconia gracilis G.S.Daniels Asteraceae & F.G.Stiles Helichrysum felinum Less. Helichrysum serotinum Boiss. Heliconiaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Heliconia hirsuta L. f. Helichrysum glomeratum (Raoul) Helichrysum sessilioides Hilliard Heliconiaceae Benth. & Hook. Asteraceae Asteraceae Heliconia humilis (Aubl.) Jacq. Helichrysum sibthorpii Rouy Heliconiaceae Helichrysum gossypinum Sch.Bip. Asteraceae Asteraceae Heliconia imbricata (Kuntze) Baker Helichrysum splendidum (Thunb.) Less. Heliconiaceae Helichrysum humile (Andr.) Less. Asteraceae Asteraceae Heliconia indica Lam. Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench Heliconiaceae Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G.Don Asteraceae Asteraceae Heliconia irrasa R.R.Sm. ◆ Weed See: Helichrysum angustifolium Heliconiaceae (Lam.) DC. Helichrysum sutherlandi Harv. Heliconia lankesteri Standley Mori ◆ Weed - 2 Asteraceae Heliconiaceae Helichrysum litorale Bolus Helichrysum virgineum Griseb. Heliconia lasiorachis L.Andersson Asteraceae Asteraceae Heliconiaceae Helichrysum marginatum DC. Helicodiceros muscivorus (L. f.) Engler Heliconia latispatha Benth. Asteraceae Araceae Heliconiaceae See: Dracunculus muscivorus Helichrysum microphyllum (Willd.) ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 (L. f.) Parl. Camb. Heliconia lingulata Ruiz & Pav. Asteraceae Heliconia acuminata Richard Heliconiaceae Heliconiaceae Helichrysum milfordiae Killick Heliconia longa (Griggs) H.J.P.Winkl. Asteraceae Heliconia angusta Vell. Heliconiaceae Heliconiaceae Helichrysum pandurifolium Schrank Heliconia longiflora R.R.Sm. Asteraceae Heliconia X angusta hort. Heliconiaceae Heliconiaceae Helichrysum parvifolium Yeo = Heliconia angusta Vell. Heliconia mariae Hook. f. Asteraceae X Heliconia sp. Heliconiaceae Helichrysum pendulum (C.Presl) C.Presl Heliconia aurantiaca Ghiesbr. Heliconia mathiasiae G.S.Daniels Asteraceae Heliconiaceae & F.G.Stiles Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard Heliconiaceae Heliconia bihai (L.) L. & B.L.Burtt Heliconiaceae Heliconia metallica Planch. & Linden Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ex Hook. See: Helichrysum petiolatum auct. Heliconiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Heliconia bihai (L.) L. X Heliconia ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 psittacorum L. f. Heliconiaceae

238 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Heliconia mutisiana Cuatrec. Heliconia zebrina Plowman, W.J.Kress Heliotropium peruvianum L. Heliconiaceae & H.A.Kenn. Boraginaceae Heliconiaceae = Heliotropium arborescens L. Heliconia X nickeriensis P.J.M.Maas & M.J.M.de Rooij Helictotrichon sempervirens (Vill.) Pilg. Heliotropium stenophyllum Hook. Heliconiaceae Poaceae & Arn. = Heliconia psittacorum L. X Boraginaceae Heliocereus aurantiacus Kimnach Heliconia marginata (Griggs) Pittier Cactaceae Heliotropium supinum L. Heliconia orthotricha B.L.Andersson Boraginaceae Heliocereus cinnabarinus (Weing.) Heliconiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Britton & Rose Heliconia pendula Wawra Cactaceae Helleborus argutifolius Viv. Heliconiaceae Ranunculaceae Heliocereus schrankii (Zucc. ex Seitz) = Helleborus lividus Aiton ssp. Heliconia platystachys Baker Britton & Rose corsicus (Willd.) Tutin Heliconiaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Heliconia pogonantha Cufod. Heliocereus speciosus (Cav.) Britton Helleborus atrorubens Waldst. & Kit. Heliconiaceae & Rose Ranunculaceae Cactaceae Heliconia pseudoaemygdiana L. = Helleborus dumetorum Waldst. Heliconiaceae Heliohebe hulkeana (F.Müell.) & Kit. ssp. atrorubens (Waldst. Garn.-Jones & Kit.) Merxm. & Podlech H Heliconia psittacorum L. f. Scrophulariaceae Heliconiaceae Helleborus X ballardiae B.Mathew Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Heliophila amplexicaulis L. f. = Helleborus niger L. X Helleborus Brassicaceae Heliconia psittacorum L. f. X Heliconia lividus Ait. ex Curtis spathocircinatum Aristeg. Heliophila coronopifolia L. Helleborus corsicus Willd. Heliconiaceae Brassicaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed Heliconia richardiana Miq. Helleborus croaticus Z.Martinis Heliconiaceae Heliophila crithmifolia Willd. Ranunculaceae Brassicaceae Heliconia rostrata Ruiz & Pav. Helleborus cyclophyllus Boiss. Heliconiaceae Heliophila integrifolia L. Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed Brassicaceae ◆ Weed Heliconia sarapiquensis G.S.Daniels Heliophila longifolia DC. Helleborus dumetorum Waldst. & Kit. & F.G.Stiles Brassicaceae Ranunculaceae Heliconiaceae Heliophila pusilla L. f. See: Helleborus atrorubens Waldst. Heliconia schiedeana Klotzsch Brassicaceae & Kit. Heliconiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - 2 Heliconia solomonensis W.J.Kress Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet Helleborus X ericsmithii B.Mathew Heliconiaceae Asteraceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 = Helleborus X sternii Turrill Heliconia spathocircinata Aristeguieta X Helleborus niger L. Heliconiaceae Heliotropium amplexicaule Vahl Boraginaceae Helleborus foetidus L. Heliconia spissa Griggs ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Ranunculaceae Heliconiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Heliotropium arborescens L. Heliconia standleyi Macbride Boraginaceae Helleborus X hybridus Voss Heliconiaceae See: Heliotropium peruvianum L. Ranunculaceae ◆ Heliconia stricta Huber ◆ Weed - 2 Weed - 2 Heliconiaceae Heliotropium curassavicum L. Helleborus lividus Aiton Ranunculaceae Heliconia subulata Ruiz & Pavón Boraginaceae See: Helleborus argutifolius Viv. Heliconiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Helleborus multifidus Vis. Heliotropium europaeum L. Ranunculaceae Heliconia tortuosa Griggs Boraginaceae Heliconiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Helleborus niger L. Ranunculaceae Heliconia undulata (G.S.Daniels Heliotropium gossei (Benth.) Stapf ◆ Weed & F.G.Stiles) L.Andersson Boraginaceae Heliconiaceae Helleborus X nigercors J.T.Wall Heliotropium indicum L. Ranunculaceae Heliconia vaginalis Benth. Boraginaceae = Helleborus niger L. X Helleborus Heliconiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A argutifolius Viv. Heliconia wagneriana Petersen Heliotropium marifolium Retz. Helleborus odorus Waldst. & Kit. Boraginaceae Heliconiaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 239 Helleborus orientalis Lam. Hemerocallis minor Mill. Heracleum lehmannianum Bunge Ranunculaceae Liliaceae Apiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 See: Hemerocallis graminea Andrews ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Helleborus purpurascens Waldst. & Kit. Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier Ranunculaceae Hemerocallis nana W.W.Sm. & Forrest & Levier Liliaceae Apiaceae Helleborus X sternii Turrill ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Ranunculaceae Hemerocallis thunbergii Baker = Helleborus argutifolius Viv. Liliaceae Heracleum minimum Lam. X Helleborus lividus Ait. Apiaceae Hemidesmus indicus (L.) W.T.Aiton Helleborus torquatus Archer-Hind. Asclepiadaceae Heracleum sphondylium L. Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed Apiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Helleborus viridis L. Hemigenia macphersoni Diels Ranunculaceae Lamiaceae Herbertia amatorum C.H.Wright ◆ Weed - 2 Iridaceae Hemigramma decurrens (Hook.) Copel. Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub Dryopteridaceae Herbertia drummondii (Graham) Small Asteraceae Iridaceae Hemigraphis alternata (Burm. f.) See: echioides L. = Alophia drummondii (Graham) T.Anderson ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 R.C.Foster H Acanthaceae Heloniopsis japonica Maxim. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Herbertia lahue (Molina) Goldblatt Liliaceae Iridaceae Hemigraphis colorata (Blume) Hall. f. ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A Heloniopsis orientalis (Thunb.) Tanaka Acanthaceae Liliaceae Herbertia pulchella Sweet Hemigraphis primulaefolia (Nees) F.-Vill. Iridaceae Helxine soleirolii Req. Acanthaceae Urticaceae ◆ Weed Herbertia quareimana Ravenna = soleirolii (Req.) Dandy Iridaceae Hemigraphis primulifolia (Nees) Hemerocallis altissima Stout. Fern.-Vill. Hereroa brevifolia L.Bolus Liliaceae Acanthaceae Aizoaceae = Hemerocallis citrina Baroni = Hemigraphis primulaefolia (Nees) Hereroa carinans (Haw.) L.Bolus F.-Vill. Hemerocallis aurantiaca Baker Aizoaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed Hereroa dyeri L.Bolus = Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. var. Hemigraphis repanda (L.) Hallier f. Aizoaceae aurantiaca (Baker) M. Hotta Acanthaceae Hemerocallis citrina Baroni ◆ Weed - 3 Hereroa gracilis L.Bolus Aizoaceae Liliaceae Hemigraphis reptans (G.Forst.) See: Hemerocallis altissima Stout. T.Anderson ex Hemsl. Hereroa granulata (N.E.Br.) Dinter ◆ Weed - 2 Acanthaceae & Schwantes Hemerocallis dumortieri C.Morren ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3A Aizoaceae Liliaceae Hemionitis arifolia (Burm. f.) T.Moore Hereroa Dinter Hemerocallis dumortieri C.Morren X Pteridaceae & Schwantes Aizoaceae Hemerocallis middendorffii Trautv. Hemionitis palmata L. & C.A.Mey. Pteridaceae Hereroa incurva L.Bolus Liliaceae Aizoaceae Hemiphragma heterophyllum Wall. Hemerocallis flava (L.) L. Scrophulariaceae Hereroa rehneltiana Dinter Liliaceae & Schwantes = Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L. Hemizonia pungens (Hook. & Arn.) Aizoaceae Torr. & A.Gray Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. Asteraceae Hereroa standfordiae L.Bolus Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A - 4 Aizoaceae See: Hemerocallis aurantiaca Baker ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Hemizygia flabellifolia S.Moore Hereroa stanleyi (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Lamiaceae Aizoaceae Hemerocallis graminea Andrews Liliaceae Hepatica nobilis Schreb. Hereroa wilmaniae L.Bolus = Hemerocallis minor Mill. Ranunculaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L. Heritiera elata Ridl. Liliaceae Heptacodium jasminoides Airy Shaw Sterculiaceae See: Hemerocallis flava (L.) L. Heritiera macrophylla Wall. ex Voigt ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Heracleum candicans Wall. ex DC. Sterculiaceae Hemerocallis middendorffii Trautv. Apiaceae Hermannia grossularifolia L. & C.A.Mey. Sterculiaceae Liliaceae

240 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Hermannia hyssopifolia L. (Backh. & Harv.) Heterocentron elegans (Schltdl.) Kuntze Sterculiaceae Goldbl. & Manning Melastomataceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed Hermannia pallens Eckl. & Zeyh. See: Schizostylis alba nom. inval., Sterculiaceae Heterocentron macrostachyum Naud. Schizostylis coccinea Backh. & Harv. Melastomataceae Hermannia procumbens Cav. Hesperantha cucullata Klatt = Heterocentron subtriplinervium Sterculiaceae Iridaceae (Link & Otto) A.Braun & C.D.Bouche Hermannia trifurca L. Hesperantha erecta (Baker) Benth. Heterocentron roseum A.Braun Sterculiaceae ex Baker & Bouché Hermannia verticillata (L.) K.Schum. Iridaceae Melastomataceae Sterculiaceae Hesperantha falcata (L. f.) Ker Gawl. Heterocentron subtriplinervium (Link Hermodactylus tuberosus (L.) Mill. Iridaceae & Otto) A.Braun & C.D.Bouche Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Melastomataceae ◆ Weed - 2 See: Heterocentron macrostachyum Hesperantha humilis Baker Naud. Hernandia cordigera Vieill. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Hesperantha latifolia (Klatt) M.P.de Vos Heterogonium alderwereltii Holttum (C.Presl) Iridaceae Dryopteridaceae Kubitzki Hesperantha luticola P.Goldblatt H Hernandiaceae Heterolepis aliena (L. f.) Druce Iridaceae Asteraceae Herniaria baetica Boiss. & Reuter Hesperantha montana Klatt Caryophyllaceae Heteromeles arbutifolia M.Roem. Iridaceae Rosaceae Herniaria cinerea DC. Hesperantha pauciflora (Baker) Lewis ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Caryophyllaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Heteromorpha trifoliata (H.L.Wendl.) Hesperantha purpurea Goldblatt Eckl. & Zeyh. Herniaria glabra L. Iridaceae Apiaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Hesperantha radiata (Jacq.) Ker Gawl. Heteropteris angustifolia Griseb Iridaceae Malpighiaceae Herniaria hirsuta L. Caryophyllaceae Hesperantha vaginata (Sweet) Goldblatt Heteropteris chrysophylla Humb. misapp. = Herniaria cinerea DC. Iridaceae & Kunth ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 - 5 Malpighiaceae Hesperis matronalis L. = Heteropterys chrysophylla Herrania balaensis P.Preuss Brassicaceae (Lamarck) Kunth Sterculiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Heteropteris nitida (Lam.) H.B.K. Herreria stellata Ruiz & Pav. Hesperochiron pumilus (Griseb.) Porter Malpighiaceae Liliaceae Hydrophyllaceae Heteropterys angustifolia Griseb. Herschelianthe graminifolia Hesperoxiphion peruvianum (Baker) Malpighiaceae (Ker Gawl.) S.Rauschert Baker Orchidaceae Iridaceae Heteropterys chrysophylla (Lam.) Kunth Malpighiaceae Hertrichocereus beneckei (Ehrenb.) Hesperozygis myrtoides (St.Hil. See: Heteropteris chrysophylla Backeb. ex Benth.) Epling Humb. & Kunth Cactaceae Lamiaceae Heteropterys umbellata A.Juss. = Stenocereus beneckei (Ehrenb.) Hessea chaplinii W.F.Barker Malpighiaceae A.Berger & Buxb. Liliaceae Heteropyxis natalensis Harv. Hesperaloe funifera (Lem.) Trel. Hessea monticola D.Snijman Myrtaceae Agavaceae Liliaceae Heterospathe delicatula H.E.Moore Hesperaloe nocturna Gentry Hessea stellaris Herb Arecaceae Agavaceae Liliaceae Heterospathe elata Scheff. Hesperaloe parviflora (Torr.) J.M.Coult. Hessea tenella (L. f.) Oberm. Arecaceae Agavaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed Hesperantha bachmannii Baker Hessea zeyheri Baker Heterospathe glauca (Scheff.) Iridaceae Liliaceae H.E.Moore Hesperantha baurii Bak. Arecaceae reniformis Ruiz & Pav. Iridaceae Pontederiaceae Heterospathe micrantha (Becc.) Hesperantha buhrii L.Bolus ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 H.E.Moore Iridaceae Arecaceae Heteranthera zosteraefolia Mart. Pontederiaceae Heterospathe minor Burret ◆ Weed - 2 Arecaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 241 Heterospathe negrosensis Becc. Heuchera rubescens Torr. Hibiscus californicus Kellogg Arecaceae Saxifragaceae Malvaceae = Hibiscus moscheutos L. ssp. Heterospathe philippinensis (Becc.) Heuchera sanguinea Engelm. lasiocarpos (Cav.) O.J.Blanchard Becc. Saxifragaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav. Malvaceae Heterospathe salomonensis Becc. Heuchera villosa Michx. ◆ Weed Arecaceae Saxifragaceae Hibiscus cameronii Knowles & Westc. Heterospathe scitula Fernando Heucherella X alba (Lemoine) Stearn Malvaceae Arecaceae Saxifragaceae Hibiscus cannabinus L. Heterospathe sibuyanensis Becc. Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Malvaceae Arecaceae Müll.Arg. ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 3 Euphorbiaceae Heterospathe trispatha Fernando ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 5 Hibiscus cisplatinus A.St.-Hil. Arecaceae Malvaceae Hexaglottis lewisiae Goldblatt Heterospathe woodfordiana Beccari Iridaceae Hibiscus clayi O.Deg. & I.Deg. Arecaceae = (Goldblatt) Malvaceae Heterotheca grandiflora Nutt. Goldblatt Hibiscus coccineus (Medik.) Waly. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A H Malvaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Hexaglottis longifolia (Jacq.) Vent. ◆ Weed Heterotheca pumila (Greene) Semple Iridaceae Hibiscus columnaris Cav. Asteraceae Hexaglottis virgata (Jacq.) Sweet Malvaceae Heterotheca rutteri (Rothrock) Shinners Iridaceae Hibiscus denudatus Benth. Asteraceae Hexaneurocarpon brilletii Dop Malvaceae See: Chrysopsis rutteri (Rothrock) Bignoniaceae Greene Hibiscus diversifolius Jacq. Hexastylis shuttleworthii (Britten Malvaceae Heuchera americana L. & Baker) Small ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Saxifragaceae Aristolochiaceae See: Heuchera hirsuticaulis Hibiscus erectus Linn. ex Jackson See: Asarum shuttleworthii Britten (Wheelock) Rydb. Malvaceae & Baker ◆ Weed Hibiscus esculentus L. Hexastylis speciosa Harper Heuchera X brizoides Lemoine Malvaceae Aristolochiaceae Saxifragaceae = Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) See: Asarum speciosum (Harper) ◆ Weed Moench Barringer ◆ Weed Heuchera chlorantha Piper Hexisea bidentata Lindl. Saxifragaceae Hibiscus ferrugineus Cav. Orchidaceae Malvaceae Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook. Hibanobambusa tranquillans (Koidz.) Saxifragaceae Hibiscus furcellatus Desr. Maruy. & H.Okamura Malvaceae Heuchera grossulariifolia Rydb. Poaceae Saxifragaceae Hibiscus glaber Matsum. ex Nakai Hibiscadelphus distans L.E.Bishop Malvaceae Heuchera himalayensis Decne. ex Jacq. & D.R.Herbst Saxifragaceae Malvaceae Hibiscus grandiflorus Michx. Malvaceae Heuchera hirsuticaulis (Wheelock) Rydb. Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern ◆ Weed Saxifragaceae Malvaceae = Heuchera americana L. var. ◆ Weed - 2 Hibiscus greenwayi Baker f. hirsuticaulis (Wheelock) Rosendahl, Malvaceae Hibiscus andersonii Krapov. & Fryxell Butters & Lakela Malvaceae Hibiscus hamabo Sieb. & Zucc. Heuchera hispida Pursh Malvaceae Hibiscus archeri W.Wats. Saxifragaceae Malvaceae Hibiscus indicus (Burm. f.) Hochr. Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl. Malvaceae Hibiscus arnottianus Gray Saxifragaceae Malvaceae Hibiscus insularis Endl. Heuchera pilosissima Fischer & C.Meyer Malvaceae Hibiscus boryanus DC. Saxifragaceae Malvaceae Hibiscus kokio Hillebr. ex Wawra Heuchera pulchella Wooton & Standl. Malvaceae Hibiscus brackenridgei A.Gray Saxifragaceae Malvaceae Hibiscus laevis All. Heuchera richardsonii R.Br. Malvaceae Hibiscus burtt-davyi Dunkley Saxifragaceae See: Hibiscus militaris Cav. Malvaceae

242 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Hibiscus lasiocarpos Cav. Hibiscus waimeae A.Heller aulicum Herb. Malvaceae Malvaceae Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed Hibiscus wrayae Lindl. Hippeastrum aulicum Herb. Hibiscus ludwigii Eckl. & Zeyh. Malvaceae X Hippeastrum psittacinum Malvaceae (Ker Gawl.) Herb. aurantiacum L. Amaryllidaceae Hibiscus macrophyllus Roxb. Asteraceae ex Hornem. See: (L.) Hippeastrum baguoldi Baker Malvaceae F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip. Amaryllidaceae ◆ ◆ Weed Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Hippeastrum bicolor (Ruiz & Pav.) Hibiscus manihot L. Hieracium bombycinum Boiss. & Reut. Baker Malvaceae ex Fries Amaryllidaceae = Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. Asteraceae Hippeastrum bifidum (Herb.) Baker ◆ Weed Hibiscus militaris Cav. Amaryllidaceae Malvaceae Hieracium brunneo-croceum Pugsley Hippeastrum blossfeldiae (Traub = Hibiscus laevis All. Asteraceae & J.L.Doran) Van Scheepen Hibiscus moscheutos L. Hieracium caespitosum Dumort. Amaryllidaceae Malvaceae Asteraceae Hippeastrum elegans (Spreng.) See: Hibiscus californicus Kellogg See: Hieracium pratense Tausch H.E.Moore H ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Amaryllidaceae Hibiscus mutabilis L. Hieracium glaucinum Jordan Hippeastrum elwesii C.H.Wright Malvaceae Asteraceae Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Hieracium lanatum Vill. Hippeastrum gracilifolium Baker Hibiscus paramutabilis L.H.Bailey Asteraceae Amaryllidaceae Malvaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Hippeastrum X hybridum Velenovsky Hibiscus pedunculatus L. f. Hieracium murorum L. Amaryllidaceae Malvaceae Asteraceae Hippeastrum igneum (Lindl.) Munoz ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3A Amaryllidaceae Hibiscus pinonianus Gaudich. Hieracium pilosella L. Hippeastrum papilio (Ravenna) J.Van Malvaceae Asteraceae Scheepen ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Hibiscus praeteritus R.A.Dyer Amaryllidaceae Malvaceae Hieracium podkumokense Üksip Hippeastrum phycelloides (Herb.) Baker Asteraceae Hibiscus radiatus Cav. Amaryllidaceae Malvaceae Hieracium pratense Tausch Hippeastrum pratense (Poepp.) Baker ◆ Weed - Nn Asteraceae Amaryllidaceae = Hieracium caespitosum Dumort. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Hippeastrum procerum (Duch.) Lem. Malvaceae Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Hieracium villosum Jacq. Asteraceae (Lam.) Kuntze Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ◆ Weed Amaryllidaceae Malvaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A odorata (L.) P.Beauv. Poaceae Hippeastrum reginae (L.) Herb. X Hibiscus schizopetalus (Mast.) Hook. f. ◆ Weed - 3 Hippeastrum vittatum (L’Her) Herb Malvaceae Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed Hilaria belangeri (Steud.) Nash Poaceae Hippeastrum reticulatum (L’Hérit.) Herb. Hibiscus surattensis L. Amaryllidaceae Malvaceae Hildegardia erythrosiphon (Baill.) ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Kosterm. Sterculiaceae Hippeastrum vittatum (L’Hérit.) Herb. Hibiscus syriacus L. Amaryllidaceae Malvaceae Himalayacalamus falconeri (Hook. f. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 ex Munro) Keng f. Hippeophyllum micranthum Schltr. Poaceae Orchidaceae Hibiscus taiwanensis S.Y.Hu ◆ Weed Malvaceae Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G.Don Himalayacalamus hookerianus Campanulaceae Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (Munro) Stapleton See: Isotoma longiflora (L.) C.Presl Malvaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Poaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 - 4 Hippocratea longipetiolata Oliv. Hippeastrum advenum (Ker Gawl.) Hibiscus trionum L. Celastraceae Herb. Malvaceae Amaryllidaceae Hippocrepis balearica Jacq. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 243 Hippocrepis comosa L. Holboellia latifolia Wall. Homalomena rubra Hassk. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lardizabalaceae Araceae ◆ Weed - 2 Holcus annuus Salzm. ex C.A.Mey. Homalomena wallisii Regel Hippophae rhamnoides L. Poaceae Araceae Elaeagnaceae ◆ Weed - N Homeria breyniana (L.) Lewis ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Holcus bulbosa Schrad. Iridaceae Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz Poaceae = Thunb. Malpighiaceae = Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ◆ Weed See: Hiptage madablota Gaertn. ex J.Presl & C.Presl Homeria britteniae Bolus ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5A L. Iridaceae Hiptage madablota Gaertn. Poaceae = Moraea britteniae (Bolus) Goldblatt Malpighiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - 3 = Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz L. ◆ Weed Homeria collina (Thunb.) Salisb. Poaceae Iridaceae Hirpicium integrifolium (Thunb.) Less. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A = Moraea collina Thunb. Asteraceae ◆ Holcus setiger Nees Weed - 1 - 2A - 3 - 4A Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss. Poaceae Homeria cookii L.Bolus Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Iridaceae H ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Holcus setosus Trin. = Moraea cookii (L.Bolus) Goldblatt Hoffmannia ghiesbreghtii (Lem.) Hemsl. Poaceae Homeria elegans (Jacq.) Sweet Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Iridaceae Hoffmannia refulgens Hemsl. Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz. = Moraea elegans Jacq. Rubiaceae Lamiaceae Homeria flaccida Sweet ◆ Weed Hohenbergia augusta (Vell.) Morren Iridaceae Bromeliaceae Holmskioldia tettensis (Klotzsch) Vatke = (Sweet) Steud. ◆ Lamiaceae Weed - 1A - 2A - 4A Hohenbergia edmundoi L.B.Smith & R.W.Read Holochlamys beccarii Engl. Homeria miniata (Andrews) Sweet Bromeliaceae Araceae Iridaceae = Andrews Hohenbergia leopoldo-horstii E.Gross, Holochlamys guineensis Engl. & Krause ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Rauh & Leme Araceae Bromeliaceae Homeria ochroleuca Salisb. Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. Iridaceae Hohenbergia penduliflora (A.Rich) Mez. Rosaceae = (Salisb.) Drapiez Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A ◆ Weed - 3 Holodiscus dumosus (Nutt. ex Hook.) Homeria pallida Baker Hohenbergia salzmannii (Baker) A.Heller Iridaceae L.B.Smith & R.W.Read Rosaceae = Moraea pallida (Baker) Goldblatt Bromeliaceae Homalanthus novo-guineensis (Warb.) ◆ Weed - 3 Hoheria glabrata Sprague & Summerh. Lauterb. & K.Schum. Homeria ramosissima Schltr. Malvaceae Euphorbiaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 1A Hoheria lyallii Hook. f. Homoglossum abbreviatum (Andrews) Malvaceae Homalium foetidum (Roxb.) Benth. Goldblatt Flacourtiaceae Hoheria populnea A.Cunn. Iridaceae Malvaceae Homalocephala texensis (Hopffer) = Gladiolus abbreviatus Andrews ◆ Weed - 2 Britton & Rose Homoglossum aureum (Baker) Cactaceae Hoheria sexstylosa Col. Obermeyer = Echinocactus texensis Hopffer Malvaceae Iridaceae Homalocladium platycladum (F.Müell.) = Gladiolus aureus Baker Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb. L.H.Bailey Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Homoglossum huttonii N.E.Br. Polygonaceae See: Psoralea macrostachya DC. Iridaceae See: Muehlenbeckia platyclada = Gladiolus huttonii (N.E.Br.) (F.J.Müell.) Lindl. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos Apocynaceae ◆ Weed Homoglossum muirii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. Holboellia angustifolia Wall. Homalomena lindenii Rodigas (Lindl.) Iridaceae Lardizabalaceae Araceae = Gladiolus muirii L.Bolus Holboellia coriacea Diels Homalomena robusta Engl. & K.Krause Homoglossum priorii (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. Lardizabalaceae Araceae Iridaceae Holboellia fargesii Reaub. Homalomena rubescens (Roxb.) Kunth = Gladiolus priorii (N.E.Br.) Goldblatt Lardizabalaceae Araceae & M.P.de Vos

244 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Homoglossum quadrangulare (Burm. f.) Hordeum chilense Roem. & Schult. Hordeum vulgare L. N.E.Br. Poaceae Poaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed See: Hordeum distichon L. = Gladiolus quadrangularis (Burm. f.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Hordeum comosum J.Presl Ker Gawl. Poaceae Huds. X Triticum Homoglossum vandermerwei (L.Bolus) ◆ Weed aestivum L. L.Bolus Poaceae Hordeum compressum Griseb. Iridaceae Poaceae Hormatophylla spinosa (L.) Kupfer = Gladiolus vandermerwei (L.Bolus) ◆ Weed Brassicaceae Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos Hordeum crinitum (Schreb.) Desf. Horminum pyrenaicum L. Homoglossum watsonium (Thunb.) Poaceae Lamiaceae N.E.Br. Iridaceae Hordeum distichon L. Hornungia procumbens (L.) Hayek = Gladiolus watsonius Thunb. Poaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A = Hordeum vulgare L. = Hymenolobus procumbens (L.) ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Nutt. ex Schinz & Thell. Honckenya ficifolia Willd. ◆ Weed - 1A Caryophyllaceae Hordeum geniculatum All. Poaceae Horridocactus garaventae F.Ritter Hoodia bainii Dyer = Hordeum marinum Huds. ssp. Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae gussoneanum (Parl.) Thell. H Hosta albomarginata (Hook.) Ohwi ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Hoodia currori Decne. Liliaceae Asclepiadaceae Hordeum glaucum Steud. Hosta atropurpurea Nakai Poaceae Hoodia dregei N.E.Br. Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Asclepiadaceae Hosta cathayana Maekawa Hordeum hystrix Roth Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet Liliaceae Poaceae ex Decne. = Hordeum marinum Huds. Hosta clausa Nak. Asclepiadaceae ssp. gussoneanum (Parl.) Thell. Liliaceae Hoodia juttae Dinter ◆ Weed - 3A Hosta coerulea Tratt. Asclepiadaceae Hordeum jubatum L. Liliaceae Hoodia officinalis (N.E.Br.) Poaceae Hosta crispula F.Maek. D.C.H.Plowes ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Liliaceae Asclepiadaceae Hordeum leporinum Link Hosta decorata L.H.Bailey Hoodia pilifera (L. f.) D.C.H.Plowes Poaceae Liliaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Hosta elata Hyl. Hoodia ruschii Dinter Hordeum marinum Huds. Liliaceae Asclepiadaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 See: Critesion marinum (Huds.) Hordeum boreale Scribn. & J.G.Sm. Á.Löve, Hordeum geniculatum All., Hosta fluctuans Maek. nom. illeg. Hordeum hystrix Roth Liliaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 = Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski Hosta fortunei (Baker) L.H.Bailey Hordeum murinum L. Liliaceae Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae See: Critesion murinum (L.) Á.Löve See: Hordeum boreale Scribn. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A - 5 Hosta grandiflora A.Dietr. & J.G.Sm. nom. illeg., Hordeum Liliaceae Hordeum pubiflorum Hook. f. californicum Covas & Stebbins Hosta kikutii F.Maek. ◆ Weed - 3 Poaceae ◆ Weed Liliaceae Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link Hosta lancifolia (Thunb.) Engl. Poaceae Hordeum secalinum Schreb. Poaceae Liliaceae See: Hordeum violaceum Boiss. ◆ See: Critesion secalinum (Schreb.) Weed - 2 & Hohen. Á.Löve ◆ Weed Hosta longipes (Franch. & Sav.) ◆ Weed - N - 3A L.H.Bailey Hordeum bulbosum L. Hordeum stenostachys Godr. Liliaceae Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Hosta longissima (Honda.) Honda. ◆ Weed Liliaceae Hordeum californicum Covas & Stebbins Hordeum violaceum Boiss. & Hohen. Poaceae Hosta minor (Baker) Nakai Poaceae Liliaceae = Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski = Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) ssp. californicum (Covas & Stebb.) Link ssp. violaceum (Boiss. & Hohen.) Hosta montana F.Maek. V.Bothmer, N.Jacobsen & O.Seberg Tzvelev Liliaceae ◆ ◆ Weed Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 245 Hosta nakaiana (Maek.) Maek. acuta Haw. Hoya camphorifolia Warb. Liliaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Hoya affinis Hemsl. Hoya cardiophylla Merrill Hosta nigrescens (Mak.) Maekawa. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae Hoya albiflora Zipp. ex Blume Hoya caudata Hook. f. Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Asch. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae Hoya aldrichii Hemsl. Hoya cembra Kloppenburg ◆ Weed - 2 Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hosta rectifolia Nakai Hoya archboldiana C.Norman Hoya chlorantha Rechinger Liliaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hosta sieboldiana (Hook.) Engl. Hoya ariadna Decne. Hoya chloroleuca Schltr. Liliaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed Hoya arnottiana Wight Hoya chunii P.T.Li Hosta sieboldii (Paxton.) Ingrams. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae Hoya bandaensis Schltr. Hoya ciliata Elmer ex C.M.Burton Hosta tardiana hort. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae H = Hosta sieboldiana (Hook.) Engl. Hoya bella Hook. Hoya cinnamomifolia Hook. X Hosta tardiflora (W.Irving) Stearn Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed Hosta tardiflora (W.Irving) Stearn Hoya citrina Ridl. Liliaceae Hoya benguetensis Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hosta tokudama F.Maek. Hoya clandestina Blume Liliaceae Hoya betchei (Schltr.) W.A.Whistler Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hosta undulata L.H.Bailey Hoya clemensiorum T.Green Liliaceae Hoya bhutanica A.J.C.Grierson Asclepiadaceae & D.G.Long Hosta ventricosa Stearn Hoya collina Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Hoya bicarinata A.Gray Hoya commsii Hemsl. Asclepiadaceae Hosta venusta Maekawa Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae Hoya bicknellii Kloppenburg Hoya coriacea Blume Asclepiadaceae Hosta yingeri S.B.Jones Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae Hoya bicolor Kloppenburg Hoya coronaria Blume Asclepiadaceae Houlletia odoratissima Linden ex Lindl. Asclepiadaceae & Paxt. Hoya bilobata Schltr. Hoya crassicaulis Elmer ex Merr. Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Houstonia caerulea L. Hoya blashernaezii Kloppenburg Hoya crassifolia (J.Jacq.) Haw. Rubiaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae See: Hedyotis caerulea (L.) Hook. Hoya bordenii Schltr. ◆ Weed Hoya crassipes Turcz. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Houstonia longifolia Gaertn. Hoya brevialata Kleijn & Donkelaar Rubiaceae Hoya cumingiana Decne. Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed Asclepiadaceae Hoya bulusanensis Elmer Houstonia procumbens (Walt. Hoya curtisii King & Gamble Asclepiadaceae ex J.F.Gmel.) Standl. Asclepiadaceae Rubiaceae Hoya buotii Kloppenburg Hoya cystiantha Schltr. See: Hedyotis procumbens (Walt. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae ex J.F.Gmel.) Fosberg Hoya burtoniae Kloppenburg Hoya darwinii Loher Houstonia serpyllifolia Michx. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Rubiaceae Hoya cagayanensis Schltr. ex Elmer See: Hedyotis michauxii Fosberg Hoya dasyantha Tsiang Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Hoya callistophylla T.Green Saururaceae Hoya davidcummingii Kloppenburg Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Asclepiadaceae Hoya calycina Schltr. dulcis Thunb. Hoya densifolia Turcz. Asclepiadaceae Rhamnaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 5 Hoya campanulata Blume Hoya deykei T.Green Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae

246 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Hoya dimorpha F.M.Bailey Hoya gildingii Kloppenburg Hoya kenejiana Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya diptera Seem. Hoya glabra Schltr. Hoya kentiana C.M.Burton Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya dischorensis Schltr. Hoya globulifera Blume Hoya kerrii Craib Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya diversifolia Blume Hoya globulosa Hook. f. Hoya keysii F.M.Bailey Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya dolichosparte Schltr. Hoya golamcoana Kloppenburg Hoya kloppenburgii T.Green Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya edanoi C.M.Burton Hoya gonoloboides Regel Hoya kuhlii Koorders Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya edeni King ex Hook. f. Hoya gracilis Schltr. Hoya lacunosa Blume Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya eitapensis Schltr. Hoya graveolens Kerr Hoya lambii T.Green Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya el-nidicus Kloppenburg Hoya greenii Kloppenburg Hoya lamingtoniae Bailey H Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya elliptica Hook. f. Hoya griffithii Hook. f. Hoya lanceolata Wall. ex D.Don Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya endauensis R.Kiew Hoya guppyi Oliv. Hoya lasiantha Korth. ex Blume Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya engleriana Hosseus Hoya halconensis Kloppenburg Hoya latifolia G.Don Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya epedunculata Schltr. Hoya halophila Schltr. Hoya leucorhoda Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya erythrina Rintz Hoya hellwigiana Warb. ex K.Schum. Hoya leytensis Elmer ex Burton Asclepiadaceae & Lauterb. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya erythrostemma Kerr Hoya limoniaca S.Moore Asclepiadaceae Hoya heuschkeliana Kloppenburg Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya excavata Teijsm. & Binn. Hoya linearis Wall. ex D.Don Asclepiadaceae Hoya hollrungii Warburg Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya fetuana Kloppenburg Hoya litoralis Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Hoya hypolasia Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya finlaysonii Wight Hoya lobbii Hooker f. Asclepiadaceae Hoya imbricata Decne. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya flagellata Kerr Hoya loheri D.Kloppenburg Asclepiadaceae Hoya imperialis Lindl. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya flavescens Schltr. Hoya longifolia Wall. ex Wight Asclepiadaceae Hoya inconspicua Hemsley Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya forbesii King & Gamble Hoya loyceandrewsiana T.Green Asclepiadaceae Hoya incrassata Warburg Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya fraterna Blume Hoya luzonica Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Hoya incurvula Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya fungii Merr. Hoya macrophylla Blume Asclepiadaceae Hoya ischnopus Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya fusca Wall. Hoya madulidii Kloppenburg Asclepiadaceae Hoya juannguoiana Kloppenburg Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya fuscomarginata N.E.Br. Hoya magnifica P.I.Forster & D.J.Liddle Asclepiadaceae Hoya kanyakumariana Henry Asclepiadaceae & Swaminathan Hoya gigantanganensis Kloppenburg Hoya marginata Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya kastbergii Kloppenburg Hoya gigas Schltr. Hoya mcgregorii Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 247 Hoya megalaster Warburg Hoya onychoides P.I.Forst., Liddle Hoya pubifera Elmer Asclepiadaceae & I.M.Liddle Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya meliflua Merr. Hoya pulchella Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Hoya oreogena Kerr Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya membranifolia Costantin Hoya purpurea Blume Asclepiadaceae Hoya pachyclada Kerr Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya memoria Kloppenburg Hoya purpureofusca Hook. Asclepiadaceae Hoya padangensis Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya meredithii T.Green Hoya pusilla Rintz Asclepiadaceae Hoya palawanica Kloppenburg Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya merrillii Schltr. Hoya recurvula Kloppenburg Asclepiadaceae Hoya pallilimba Kleijn & Donkelaar Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya micrantha Hook. f Hoya retusa Dalz. Asclepiadaceae Hoya panchoi Kloppenburg Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya microphylla Schltr. Hoya revolubilis Tsiang & P.T.Li Asclepiadaceae Hoya papillantha Schumann Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae H Hoya minahassae Schltr. Hoya revoluta Wight ex Hook. f. Asclepiadaceae Hoya parasitica Wall. ex Trail. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya mindorensis Schltr. Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble Asclepiadaceae Hoya parviflora Wight Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya mitrata Kerr Hoya rigida Kerr Asclepiadaceae Hoya patella Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya monetteae T.Green Hoya rubida Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Hoya pauciflora Wight Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya montana Schltr. Hoya rumphii Blume Asclepiadaceae Hoya paxtonii Nicholls Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya motoskei Teijsm. & Binn. Hoya ruscifolia Decne. Asclepiadaceae Hoya paziae Kloppenburg Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya multiflora (Decne.) Blume Hoya salweenica Tsiang & P.T.Li Asclepiadaceae Hoya pentaphlebia Merrill Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya myrmecopa Kleijn & vanDonkelaar Hoya samoensis Seem. Asclepiadaceae Hoya picta Miquel Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya nabawanensis Kloppenburg Hoya sariae Kloppenburg & Wiberg Hoya piestolepis Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya schneei Schltr. Hoya naumannii Schltr. Hoya pimenteliana Kloppenburg Asclepiadaceae ◆ Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Weed Hoya neo-caledonica Schltr. Hoya plicata King & Gamble Hoya scortechinii King & Gamble Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya neo-ebudica Guillaumin Hoya polyneura Hook. f. Hoya serpens Hook. f. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - N Hoya nyhuusiae Kloppenburg Hoya polystachya Blume Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya shepherdi Short ex Hook. Asclepiadaceae Hoya obovata Decne. Hoya pottsii Traill & Tsiang Hoya siamica Craib Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya obscura Elmer ex Merrill Hoya pseudo-littoralis Norman Hoya sigillatis T.Green Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya obtusifolia Wight Hoya pubera Blume Hoya sipitangensis Kloppenburg Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae & Wiberg Hoya odetteae Kloppenburg Hoya pubescens Rein. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya solaniflora Schltr. Hoya odorata Schltr. Hoya pubicalyx Merrill Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya spartioides (Benth) Kloppenburg Asclepiadaceae

248 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Hoya subcalva Burkill Huernia confusa Phillips Huernia stapelioides Schltr. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya subglabra Schltr. Huernia guttata (Masson) Haw. Huernia thudichumii L.C.Leach Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya subquintuplinervis Miquel Huernia hislopii Turrill Huernia thuretii Cels ex Herincq Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya telosmoides Omlor Huernia humilis (Masson) Haw. Huernia transvaalensis Stent Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya thailandica Thaithong Huernia hystrix N.E.Br. Huernia urceolata L.C.Leach Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya thomsonii Hook. f. Huernia insigniflora Maass Huernia vogtsii Phillips Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya tomataensis T.Green Huernia insigniflora Maass X Huernia Huernia volkartii Gossw. & Kloppenburg zebrina N.E.Br. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Huernia zebrina N.E.Br. Hoya trigonolobos Schltr. Huernia keniensis R.E.Fries Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Huerniopsis atrosanguinea (N.E.Br.) H Hoya tsangii C.M.Burton Huernia kirkii N.E.Br. A.White & Sloane Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya uncinata Teijsmann. & Binnendijk. Huernia leachii Lavranos Huerniopsis decipiens N.E.Br. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya venusta Schltr. Huernia levyi Oberm. Hugonia tomentosa Cav. Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Linaceae Hoya verticillata G.Don Huernia loeseneriana Schltr. Hulsea algida A.Gray Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asteraceae Hoya villosa Costantin Huernia longituba N.E.Br. Hulsea nana A.Gray Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asteraceae Hoya vitellina Blume Huernia macrocarpa Schweinfurth Hulsea vestita A.Gray Asclepiadaceae ex K.Schum Asteraceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya vitellinoides Bakh.F. Humata griffithiana (Hook.) C.Chr. Asclepiadaceae Huernia namaquensis Pillans Davalliaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya vitiensis Turrill Humata ophioglossa Cav. Asclepiadaceae Huernia oculata Hook. f. Davalliaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya wallichii (Wight) ex Burton Humata tyermannii T.Moore Asclepiadaceae Huernia pendula E.A.Bruce Davalliaceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya walliniana Kloppenburg & Nyhuus Humea elegans Sm. Asclepiadaceae Huernia penzigii N.E.Br. Asteraceae Asclepiadaceae Hoya wayetii Kloppenburg japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. Asclepiadaceae Huernia piersii N.E.Br. Cannabaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Hoya waymaniae Kloppenburg Asclepiadaceae Huernia pillansii N.E.Br. L. Asclepiadaceae Cannabaceae Hoya wightii Hook. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Asclepiadaceae Huernia plowesii L.C.Leach Asclepiadaceae Hunnemannia fumariifolia Sweet Huernia aspera N.E.Br. Huernia quinta (Phillips) A.C.White Papaveraceae Asclepiadaceae & B.Sloane ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed Asclepiadaceae Huntleya meleagris Lindl. Huernia bayeri L.C.Leach Huernia recondita M.G.Gilbert Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Huodendron biaristatum (W.W.Sm) Huernia boleana M.G.Gilbert Huernia reticulata Haw. Rehder Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Styracaceae Huernia brevirostris N.E.Br. Huernia rosea Newton & Lavranos Huperzia carinata (Desv. ex Poir.) Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Trevis. Huernia concinna N.E.Br. Lycopodiaceae Huernia schneideriana A.Berger Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 249 Huperzia filiformis (Sw.) Holub Hyacinthus ciliatus Cyrill Hydrangea paniculata Siebold Lycopodiaceae Liliaceae Hydrangeaceae See: Bellevalia glauca (Lind) Kunth ◆ Weed - 1 Huperzia marsupiiformis (D.L.Jones & B.Gray) Holub Hyacinthus flexuosus Baker Hydrangea petiolaris Sieb. & Zucc. Lycopodiaceae Liliaceae Hydrangeaceae Huperzia phlegmarioides (Gaudich.) Hyacinthus orientalis L. Hydrangea quercifolia W.Bartram Rothm. Liliaceae Hydrangeaceae Lycopodiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Huperzia polytrichoides (Kaulfuss) Hybanthus attenuatus (Humb. & Hydrangea sargentiana Rehder Trevisan Bonpl. ex Schult.) Schulze-Menz Hydrangeaceae Lycopodiaceae Violaceae ◆ Weed See: polytrichoides ◆ Weed - 3 Hydrangea scandens (L. f.) Ser. Kaulfuss Hydnocarpus anthelmintica Pierre Hydrangeaceae Huperzia squarrosa (G.Forst.) Trevis. ex Lanessan Hydrangea seemannii L.Riley Lycopodiaceae Flacourtiaceae Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed Huperzia tetragona (Hook. & Grev.) Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. Trevis. Hydrangea anomala D.Don Hydrangeaceae Lycopodiaceae Hydrangeaceae H See: Hydrangea intermedia hort. ◆ Weed Hura crepitans L. Hydrangea serratifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Euphorbiaceae Hydrangea arborescens L. F.Phil. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeaceae See: Viburnum alnifolium Marshall Hutchinsia alpina (L.) R.Brown ◆ Weed - 2 Hydrangea strigosa Rehder Brassicaceae Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea aspera Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Hutchinsia procumbens (L.) Desv. Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea umbellata (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq. Brassicaceae Hydrangeaceae = Hymenolobus procumbens (L.) Hydrangea chinensis Maxim. Nutt. ex Schinz & Thell. Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea villosa Rehder ◆ Weed - 5 Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea heteromalla D.Don Hyacinthella azurea (Fenzl) Schur Hydrangeaceae Hydrastis canadensis L. Liliaceae Ranunculaceae Hydrangea hirta (Thunb.) Siebold Hyacinthella leucophaea (K.Koch) Schur Hydrangeaceae beguinii (Burret) W.J.Baker Liliaceae & Loo Hydrangea hortensia Siebold ◆ Weed Arecaceae Hydrangeaceae See: Siphokentia beguinii Burret Hyacinthoides hispanica (Mill.) Rothm. = Hydrangea macrophylla Liliaceae (Thunb.) Ser. Hydriastele dransfieldii (Hambali, See: Endymion hispanicus (P.Mill.) Maturb., Wanggai & W.J.Baker) Hydrangea hortensis Sm. Chouard W.J.Baker & Loo Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Arecaceae = Hydrangea macrophylla See: Siphokentia dransfieldii Hyacinthoides hispanica (P.Mill.) (Thunb.) Ser. Hambali, Maturbongs, Wanggai Rothm. X Hyacinthoides non-scripta Hydrangea indochinensis Merr. & W.J.Baker (L.) Chouard ex Rothm. Hydrangeaceae Liliaceae Hydriastele kasesa (Lauterb.) Burret ◆ Weed - 2 Hydrangea integerrima (Hook. & Arn.) Arecaceae Engl. Hyacinthoides italica (L.) Rothm. Hydriastele microcarpa (Scheff.) Hydrangeaceae Liliaceae W.J.Baker & Loo ◆ Weed - 2 Hydrangea intermedia hort. Arecaceae Hydrangeaceae Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Hydriastele microspadix (Becc.) Burret = Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. Chouard ex Rothm. Arecaceae Hydrangea involucrata Siebold Liliaceae Hydriastele rheophytica J.L.Dowe Hydrangeaceae See: non-scripta (L.) Hoffm. & & M.D.Ferrero Link Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Hydrangeaceae Hydriastele rostrata Burret See: Hydrangea hortensia Siebold, Hyacinthus amethystinus L. Arecaceae Hydrangea hortensis Sm. Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 verticillata (L. f.) Royle Hyacinthus azureus (Fenzl) Baker Hydrocharitaceae Hydrangea opuloides (Lam.) K.Koch Liliaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed Hydrochloa fluitans (L.) Host Poaceae

250 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status nymphoides (Willd.) Hylocereus bronxensis Britton & Rose Hylotelephium telephium (L.) H.Ohba Buchenau Cactaceae Crassulaceae See: purpureum (L.) Hylocereus calcaratus Britton & Rose See: Limnocharis humboldtii J.A.Schultes, Sedum telephium L. Cactaceae (Rich.) Endl. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 4 Hylocereus extensus (Salm-Dyck Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) ex DC.) Britton & Rose ex Rose Hydrocotyle asiatica L. Nees Cactaceae Apiaceae Poaceae = Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Hylocereus guatemalensis (Eichlam) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4A - 5A ◆ Weed Britton & Rose Cactaceae Hymenaea courbaril L. Lam. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Apiaceae Hylocereus lemairei (Hook.) Britton ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5A & Rose Cactaceae Hymenanthera alpina (T.Kirk) Oliv. Hydrocotyle leucocephala Cham. Violaceae & Schltdl. Hylocereus minutiflorus Britton & Rose Hymenanthera angustifolia R.Br. ex DC. Apiaceae Cactaceae ◆ Violaceae Weed Hylocereus napoleonis Britton & Rose Hymenanthera chathamica (F.Müell.) Hydrocotyle nepalensis Hook. Cactaceae Kirk Apiaceae = Hylocereus trigonus (Haw.) Saff. H Violaceae Hydrocotyle novae-zeelandiae DC. Hylocereus ocamponis (Salm-Dyck) Hymenanthera crassifolia Hook. f. Apiaceae Britton & Rose Violaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae Hymenanthera obovata Kirk Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C.Weber) Violaceae Apiaceae Britton & Rose Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 Hymenatherum tenuilobum DC. ◆ Weed Asteraceae Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. Hylocereus triangularis (L.) Britton = Thymophylla tenuiloba (DC.) Small Apiaceae & Rose ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 arenicola Northr. Cactaceae Amaryllidaceae L. Hylocereus trigonus (Haw.) Saff. Apiaceae (L.) Herb. Cactaceae ◆ Weed Amaryllidaceae See: Hylocereus napoleonis Britton ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Hydrostemma longifolium (Wall.) Mabb. & Rose Nymphaeaceae Hymenocallis caroliniana (L.) Herb. Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton = Barclaya longifolia Wall. Amaryllidaceae & Rose ◆ Weed Hygrochilus parishii (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer Cactaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Hymenocallis X festalis Schmarse Amaryllidaceae Hygrophila brasiliensis (Spreng.) Lindau Hylomecon japonicum (Miq.) Prantl = Ismene longipetala (Lindl.) Acanthaceae & Kundig Meerow X Ismene narcissiflora = Hygrophila costata Nees Papaveraceae (Jacq.) M.Roem. Hygrophila corymbosa (Blume) Lindau Hylotelephium cauticola (Praeger) Hymenocallis harrisiana Herb. Acanthaceae H.Ohba Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed Crassulaceae ◆ Weed Hygrophila costata Nees Hylotelephium cauticola H.Ohba X Hymenocallis liriosme (Raf.) Shinners Acanthaceae Hylotelephium spectabile (Praeger) Amaryllidaceae See: Hygrophila brasiliensis (Boreau) H.Ohba ◆ Weed (Spreng.) Lindau Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5A Hylotelephium erythrostictum (Miq.) Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb. Amaryllidaceae Hygrophila difformis (L. f.) Blume H.Ohba. ◆ Weed - 2 Acanthaceae Crassulaceae See: Sedum alboroseum Baker ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Hymenocallis longipetala (Lindl.) ◆ Weed J.F.Macbr. Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) Hylotelephium ewersii (Ledeb.) H.Ohba Amaryllidaceae T.Anderson Crassulaceae = Ismene longipetala (Lindl.) Meerow Acanthaceae See: Sedum ewersii Ledeb. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Hymenocallis narcissiflora (Jacq.) ◆ Weed J.F.Macbr. Hygrophila triflora (Roxb.) Fosberg Hylotelephium spectabile (Boreau) Amaryllidaceae & Sachet H.Ohba = Ismene narcissiflora (Jacq.) Acanthaceae Crassulaceae M.Roem. ◆ Weed - N See: Sedum spectabile Boreau ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 - 5

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 251 Hymenocallis pedalis Herb. Hyophorbe verschaffeltii H.Wendl. elegans Willd. Amaryllidaceae Arecaceae Clusiaceae ◆ Weed Hyoscyamus albus L. Hypericum elodes Huds. Hymenocallis pedunculata (Herb.) Solanaceae Clusiaceae J.F.Macbr. ◆ Weed - N - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Amaryllidaceae L. Hypericum empetrifolium Willd. = Ismene pedunculata Herb. Solanaceae Clusiaceae Hymenocallis speciosa (L. f.) Salisb. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Hypericum floribundum Aiton Amaryllidaceae Hyparrhenia bracteata (Humb. Clusiaceae Hymenocallis tubiflora Salisb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Stapf Hypericum forrestii (Chitt.) N.Robson Amaryllidaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed Clusiaceae Hymenocarpos circinnatus (L.) Savi ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Hyparrhenia cymbaria (L.) Stapf Hypericum fragile Heldr. & Sartori ◆ Weed Poaceae ex Boiss. Hymenodictyon floribundum (Hochst. Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf Clusiaceae & Steud.) B.L.Robinson Poaceae Hypericum frondosum Michx. Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Clusiaceae H Hymenoglossum cruentum (Cav.) Hyparrhenia lintonii Stapf ◆ Weed C.Presl Poaceae Hypericum glandulosum Aiton Hyparrhenia papillipes (Hochst. Clusiaceae Hymenolepis parviflora (L.) DC. ex A.Rich.) Stapf G.Forst. Asteraceae Poaceae Clusiaceae See: Athanasia parviflora L. Hypecoum pendulum L. ◆ Weed - Nn Hymenolobus procumbens (L.) Nutt. Papaveraceae Hypericum grandiflorum Salisb. ex Schinz & Thell. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Clusiaceae Brassicaceae Hypericum addingtonii N.Robson See: Hutchinsia procumbens (L.) Clusiaceae Hypericum grandifolium Choisy Desv., Hornungia procumbens (L.) Clusiaceae Hayek L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Clusiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Hypericum henryi H.Lév. & Vaniot Hymenostemma paludosum Willk Clusiaceae or Pomel Hypericum athoum Boiss. & Orph. ◆ Weed Asteraceae Clusiaceae Hypericum hircinum L. = Mauranthemum paludosum (Poir.) Hypericum balearicum L. Clusiaceae Vogt & Oberpr. Clusiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Hymenoxys cooperi (A.Gray) Cockerell Hypericum barbatum Jacq. Hypericum hirsutum L. Asteraceae Clusiaceae Clusiaceae Hymenoxys grandiflora (Torr. & Gray Hypericum beanii N.Robson ◆ Weed ex Gray) Parker Clusiaceae Hypericum hookerianum Wight & Arn. Asteraceae Clusiaceae = Tetraneuris grandiflora (Torr. Hypericum bellum H.L.Li. ◆ Weed & Gray ex Gray) Parker Clusiaceae Hypericum humifusum L. Hymenoxys hoopesii (A.Gray) Bierner Hypericum buckleyi S.Watson Clusiaceae Asteraceae Clusiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 See: Helenium hoopesii A.Gray Hypericum calycinum L. ◆ Weed Clusiaceae Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz ◆ Clusiaceae Hyophorbe amaricaulis Mart. Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - N Arecaceae Hypericum canariense L. Hypericum hyssopifolium Chaix Hyophorbe indica Gaertn. Clusiaceae ◆ Clusiaceae Arecaceae Weed - N - 1 - 2 Hypericum X inodorum Mill. Hyophorbe lagenicaulis (L.H.Bailey) Hypericum cerastoides (Spach) Clusiaceae H.E.Moore N.Robson Clusiaceae = Hypericum hircinum L. X Arecaceae Hypericum androsaemum L. Hypericum chinense L. nom. illeg. Hyophorbe vaughanii L.H.Bailey ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A Clusiaceae Arecaceae = Hypericum monogynum L. Hypericum kalmianum L. Hyophorbe verschaffeltii H.Wendl. X Clusiaceae Hypericum coris L. Hyophorbe lagenicaulis (L.H.Bailey) Clusiaceae Hypericum kiusianum Koidz. H.E.Moore ◆ Weed Clusiaceae Arecaceae

252 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Hypericum kouytchense H.Lèv. Hypericum reflexum L. f. Hypnodendron comosum (Labill.) Mitt. Clusiaceae Clusiaceae Hypnodendraceae ◆ Weed - N Hypericum reptans Hook. f. & Thoms. Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. Hypericum lanceolatum Lam. ex Dyer Hypnaceae Clusiaceae Clusiaceae Hypocalyptus sophoroides (P.J.Bergius) ◆ Weed Hypericum leschenaultii Choisy Baill. Clusiaceae Hypericum revolutum Vahl Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Clusiaceae Hypericum maculatum Walter, Hypochaeris glabra L. ◆ Weed - 3 nom. illeg. Asteraceae Clusiaceae Hypericum rhodopeum Friv. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 = Hypericum punctatum Lam. Clusiaceae Hypochaeris radicata L. ◆ Weed Hypericum richeri Vill. Asteraceae Hypericum monogynum L. Clusiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Clusiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Hypocyrta glabra Hook. See: Hypericum chinense L., Hypericum roeperianum A.Rich. Gesneriaceae nom. illeg. Clusiaceae ◆ Weed Hypocyrta wettsteinii Fritsch Hypericum stellatum N.Robson Gesneriaceae Hypericum montanum L. Clusiaceae H Clusiaceae Hypodematium crenatum (Forssk.) Kuhn ◆ Weed Hypericum tetrapterum Fr. Dryopteridaceae Clusiaceae Hypericum X moserianum André Hypoestes antennifera S.Moore See: Hypericum quadrangulum L. Clusiaceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 4A = Hypericum patulum Thunb. Hypoestes aristata (Vahl) Soland. X Hypericum calycinum L. Hypericum tomentosum L. Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - N Clusiaceae ◆ Weed - N Hypericum oblongifolium Choisy Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra Hypoestes phyllostachya Baker Clusiaceae Clusiaceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4A - 5 Hypericum olympicum L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Clusiaceae Hypericum uralum Buch.-Ham. Hypoestes sanguinolenta Hook. ◆ Weed - 2 ex D.Don Acanthaceae Clusiaceae Hypericum patulum Thunb. Hypolepis ambigua (A.Rich.) Clusiaceae Hypericum vesiculosum Griseb. P.J.Brownsey & R.J.Chinnock ◆ Weed - N - 5 Clusiaceae Dennstaedtiaceae L. Hypericum yakusimense Koidz. Hypolepis dicksonioides (Endl.) Hook. Clusiaceae Clusiaceae Dennstaedtiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Hypertelis salsoloides (Burch.) Adamson ◆ Weed - N - 1A Hypericum polyphyllum Boiss. & Balansa Molluginaceae Hypolepis lactea P.J.Brownsey Clusiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 & R.J.Chinnock Hypericum prostratum Cuatrec Hyphaene compressa H.Wendl. Dennstaedtiaceae Clusiaceae Arecaceae Hypolepis millefolium Hk. Hypericum pseudohenryi N.Robson Hyphaene coriacea Gaertn. Dennstaedtiaceae Clusiaceae Arecaceae Hypolepis rufobarbata (Col.) Wakef. ◆ Weed - 2 Hyphaene dichotoma (White) Furt. Dennstaedtiaceae Hypericum pseudopetiolatum R.Keller Arecaceae Hypolepis rugosula (Labill.) J.Sm. Clusiaceae Hyphaene natalensis Kunze Dennstaedtiaceae Hypericum pulchrum L. Arecaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Clusiaceae Hyphaene petersiana Mart. Hypolytrum latifolium Rich. ex Pers. ◆ Weed Arecaceae Cyperaceae Hypericum punctatum Lam. Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart. alba L. f. Clusiaceae Arecaceae Liliaceae See: Hypericum maculatum Walter ◆ Weed nom. illeg. Hypoxis angustifolia Lam. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Hyphaene ventricosa Kirk Liliaceae Arecaceae Hypericum quadrangulum L. Hypoxis aurea Lour. Clusiaceae Hypnodendron comatulum (Broth. Liliaceae = Hypericum tetrapterum Fr. & Watts) Touw ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Hypnodendraceae Hypoxis capensis Vines & Druce Liliaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 253 Hypoxis erecta L. Liliaceae Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch. ex C.A.Mey. & Ave-Lall. Liliaceae Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Hypoxis iridifolia Baker Liliaceae Hypoxis longifolia Baker Liliaceae Hypoxis nitida I.Verd. Liliaceae Hypoxis obtusa Burch. ex Edwards Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 3 H Hypoxis rigidula Baker Liliaceae Hypoxis rooperi T.Moore Liliaceae Hypoxis setosa Baker Liliaceae Hypoxis stellata L. f. Liliaceae Hypoxis villosa L. f. Liliaceae Hyptis capitata Jacq. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A Hyptis emoryi Torr. Lamiaceae Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 Hyptis rhomboidea M.Martens & Galeotti Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Hyptis spicigera Lam. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Hyssopus officinalis L. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Hystrix patula Moench Poaceae = Elymus hystrix L.

254 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status hawkeri I Credit: Forest & Kim Starr Iberis affinis Jord. Ibicella lutea (Lindl.) Van Eselt. Ilex buergeri Miq. Brassicaceae Pedaliaceae Aquifoliaceae See: Martynia lutea Lindl., Iberis amara L. Ilex canariensis Poir. Proboscidea lutea (Lindl.) Stapf Brassicaceae Aquifoliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Ilex cassine L. Iboza riparia (Hochst.) N.E.Br. Aquifoliaceae Iberis aurosica Chaix Lamiaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Idesia polycarpa Maxim. Ilex chinensis Sims. Iberis corifolia (Sims) Sweet Flacourtiaceae Aquifoliaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed Ilex corallina Franch. Iberis crenata Lam. Idria columnaris Kellogg Aquifoliaceae Brassicaceae Fouquieriaceae ◆ Weed - N Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton Iguanura bicornis Becc. Aquifoliaceae Iberis gibraltarica L. Arecaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed Iguanura borneensis Scheffer ◆ Weed Ilex crenata Thunb. Arecaceae I Iberis jordanii Boiss. Aquifoliaceae ◆ Brassicaceae Iguanura divergens D.R.Hodel Weed - 1 - 5 Arecaceae Iberis jucunda Schott & Kotschy Ilex cyrtura Merr. ex Boiss. Iguanura elegans Becc. Aquifoliaceae Arecaceae Brassicaceae Ilex decidua Walter Iberis lagascana DC. Iguanura geonomiformis Mart. Aquifoliaceae ◆ Brassicaceae Arecaceae Weed Iguanura polymorpha Becc. Ilex dipyrena Wall. Iberis pinnata L. Arecaceae Aquifoliaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Iguanura wallichiana (Mart.) Benth. Ilex dumosa Reissek & Hook. f. ex Becc. Aquifoliaceae Iberis procumbens Lange Arecaceae Brassicaceae Ilex editicostata Hu & T.Tang Ihlenfeldtia excavata (L.Bolus) Aquifoliaceae Iberis pruitii Tineo H.E.K.Hartmann Brassicaceae Ilex elmerrilliana S.Y.Hu Aizoaceae ◆ Weed Aquifoliaceae Ihlenfeldtia vanzylii (L.Bolus) Iberis saxatilis L. Ilex ficoidea Hemsl. H.E.K.Hartmann Brassicaceae Aquifoliaceae Aizoaceae Iberis semperflorens L. Ilex forrestii H.F.Comber Ilex aculeolata Nak. Aquifoliaceae Brassicaceae Aquifoliaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Ilex glabra (L.) A.Gray Ilex X altaclerensis (Loudon) Dallim. Aquifoliaceae Iberis sempervirens L. Aquifoliaceae ◆ Weed Brassicaceae = L. X Ilex perado ◆ Weed - 2 Aiton Ilex insignis Hook. f. Iberis soyeri Bonnier & Layens ◆ Weed - 2 Aquifoliaceae Brassicaceae Ilex ambigua (Michx.) Torr. Ilex integra Thunb. Iberis spathulata DC. Aquifoliaceae Aquifoliaceae ◆ Brassicaceae Weed ◆ Weed - 5 Iberis tenoreana DC. Ilex aquifolium L. Ilex kingiana Cockayne Brassicaceae Aquifoliaceae Aquifoliaceae See: Ilex argentea nom. inval. Ilex X koehneana Loes. Iberis umbellata L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5A Brassicaceae Aquifoliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Ilex argentea nom. inval. = Ilex aquifolium L. X Ilex latifolia Aquifoliaceae Thunb. Ibervillea sonorae (S.Watson) Greene = Ilex aquifolium L. ‘Ferox Ilex kwangtungensis Merr. Cucurbitaceae Argentea’ Aquifoliaceae Ilex asprella (Hook. & Arn.) Champ. Ilex latifolia Thunb. ex Benth. Aquifoliaceae Aquifoliaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 255 Ilex lohfauensis Merr. Illecebrum verticillatum L. Engl. & Warb. Aquifoliaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 See: Impatiens oliveri W.Watson Ilex longecaudata H.F.Comber ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Aquifoliaceae Illicium anisatum L. Illiciaceae Impatiens stuhlmannii Warb. Ilex macrocarpa Oliv. ◆ Weed Balsaminaceae Aquifoliaceae Illicium floridanum J.Ellis Impatiens sultani Hook. f. Ilex macropoda Miq. Illiciaceae Balsaminaceae Aquifoliaceae = Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. Illicium henryi Diels Ilex X meserveae S.Y.Hu ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Illiciaceae Aquifoliaceae Impatiens taprobanica Hiern = Ilex rugosa F. Schmidt X Ilex Illicium lanceolatum A.C.Sm. Balsaminaceae aquifolium L. Illiciaceae Impatiens textori Miq. Ilex micrococca Maxim. Illicium mexicanum A.C.Sm. Balsaminaceae Aquifoliaceae Illiciaceae ◆ Weed Ilex mutchagara Makino Illicium parviflorum Michx. ex Vent. Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. Aquifoliaceae Illiciaceae Balsaminaceae Ilex myrtifolia Walter Illicium religiosum Sieb. & Zucc. See: Impatiens sultani Hook. f. Aquifoliaceae Illiciaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5

I Ilex nothofagacifolia Kingdon-Ward Illicium verum Hook. f. Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. Aquifoliaceae Illiciaceae X Impatiens auricoma Baill. Balsaminaceae Ilex opaca Sol. ex Aiton Impatiens balfourii Hook. f. Aquifoliaceae Balsaminaceae Imperata cylindrica (L.) P.Beauv. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 Poaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil. Impatiens balsamina L. Aquifoliaceae Balsaminaceae Incarvillea arguta (Royle) Royle ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Bignoniaceae ◆ Weed Ilex pedunculosa Miq. Impatiens capensis Meerb. Aquifoliaceae Balsaminaceae Incarvillea delavayi Bureau & Franch. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Bignoniaceae Ilex perado Aiton Aquifoliaceae Impatiens edgeworthii Hook. f. Incarvillea diffusa Royle Balsaminaceae Bignoniaceae Ilex pernyi Franch. Aquifoliaceae Impatiens glandulifera Royle Incarvillea mairei (H.Lèv.) Grierson Balsaminaceae Bignoniaceae Ilex platyphylla Webb & Berthel. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Aquifoliaceae Incarvillea sinensis Lam. Impatiens hawkeri W.Bull Bignoniaceae Ilex poneantha Koidzumi Balsaminaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Aquifoliaceae Impatiens nana Engl. & Warb. ex Engl. Indigastrum parviflorum (Wight & Arn.) Ilex pubescens Hook. & Arn. Balsaminaceae Schrire Aquifoliaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Impatiens niamniamensis Gilg Ilex purpurea Hassk. Balsaminaceae Indigofera amblyantha Craib Aquifoliaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ilex rotunda Thunb. Impatiens oliveri W.Watson Indigofera anil L. Aquifoliaceae Balsaminaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 5 = Impatiens sodenii Engl. & Warb. ◆ Weed - 2A Ilex serrata Thunb. ◆ Weed Indigofera arrecta Hochst. ex A.Rich. Aquifoliaceae Impatiens pallida Nutt. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Balsaminaceae ◆ Weed - N Ilex spinigera Loes. ◆ Weed - 2 Indigofera balfouriana Craib Aquifoliaceae Impatiens parviflora DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ilex verticillata (L.) A.Gray Balsaminaceae Indigofera carlesii Craib Aquifoliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Impatiens platypetala Lindl. Indigofera cassioides Rottler ex DC. Ilex vomitoria Sol. ex Aiton Balsaminaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aquifoliaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Indigofera circinella Baker f. Impatiens repens Moon Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Balsaminaceae ◆ Weed - N

256 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Indigofera cordifolia B.Heyne ex Roth Indigofera viscosa Lam. Iochroma coccinea Scheidw. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Indigofera zollingeriana Miq. Iochroma cyanea M.L.Green Indigofera decora Lindl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Solanaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Indigofera teysmannii Miq. Iochroma cyaneum (Lindl.) Lawrence See: Indigofera incarnata (Willd.) Indocalamus tessellatus (Munro) Keng f. & Tucker Nakai nom. illeg. Poaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A See: Sasa tessellata (Munro) Makino Iochroma fuchsioides (Kunth) Miers Indigofera dosua Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don & Shibata Solanaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Inga edulis Mart. Iochroma grandiflora Benth. Indigofera gerardiana Wall. ex Baker Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Solanaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 = Iochroma grandiflorum Benth. Indigofera glandulosa J.C.Wendl. Inga sessilis (Vell.) Mart. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Iochroma grandiflorum Benth. ◆ Weed - N - 3A Inga spectabilis (Vahl) Willd. Solanaceae Indigofera heterantha Wall. ex Brandis Leguminosae - Mimosaceae See: Iochroma grandiflora Benth. ◆ Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Weed ◆ Weed Inocarpus edulis J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Iochroma warscewiczii Regel Indigofera hirsuta L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Solanaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ionactis linariifolia (L.) Greene ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 3A Inula ensifolia L. I Asteraceae Asteraceae Indigofera incarnata (Willd.) Nakai ◆ Weed - 2 See: Aster linariifolius L. nom. illeg. Ionopsis paniculata Lindl. Inula grandis Schrenk ex Fisch. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Orchidaceae = Indigofera decora Lindl. & C.A.Mey. ◆ Weed Asteraceae Ionopsis utricularioides (Sw.) Lindl. Orchidaceae Indigofera oblongifolia Forssk. Inula helenium L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae Ipheion peregrinans P.Ravenna ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Alliaceae - Liliaceae Indigofera pilosa Poir. Inula hookeri C.B.Clarke Ipheion sellowianum (Kunth) Traub Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed Inula macrocephala Boiss. & Kotschy Ipheion uniflorum (Lindl.) Raf. Indigofera potaninii Craib ex Boiss. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae See: Tristagma uniflorum (Lindl.) Traub, Triteleia uniflora Lindl. Indigofera pseudotinctoria Matsum. Inula magnifica Lipsky ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed Ipomoea aculeata Blume Inula orientalis Lam. Convolvulaceae Indigofera pulchella Roxb. Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Ipomoea acuminata (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. Indigofera schimperi Jaub. & Spach Inula racemosa Hook. f. Convolvulaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae = Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Inula rhizocephala Schrenk ex Fisch. Weed - 1A - 3 - 4A - 5 Indigofera sessiliflora DC. & C.A.Mey. Ipomoea alba L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae Convolvulaceae See: Calonyction aculeatum (L.) Indigofera sessilifolia DC. Inula royleana DC. House Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Indigofera spicata Forssk. Inula spiraeifolia L. Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae Convolvulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. Asteraceae Ipomoea arborescens (Humb. & Bonpl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter ex Willd.) G.Don ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed Convolvulaceae Indigofera teysmannii Miq. Iochroma australe Griseb. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Solanaceae Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. = Indigofera zollingeriana Miq. See: Dunalia australis (Griseb.) Convolvulaceae Sleumer, Acnistus australis (Griseb.) Indigofera tinctoria L. See: Ipomoea tiliacea (Willd.) Griseb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Choisy, Ipomoea triloba L. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3 - 4

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 257 Ipomoea bolusiana Schinz Ipomoea littoralis (L.) Blume Ipomoea violacea L. Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 4 ◆ Weed - 4 Ipomoea bonariensis Hook. Convolvulaceae Ipomoea lobata (Cerv.) Thell. Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V.E.Grant Convolvulaceae Polemoniaceae Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet See: Mina lobata Cerv. See: Gilia aggregata (Pursh) Spreng. Convolvulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. Ipomopsis macrosiphon (Kearney Convolvulaceae & Peebles) V.Grant & Wilken Ipomoea carnea Jacq. ◆ Weed - Nn - 5 Polemoniaceae Convolvulaceae See: Ipomoea fistulosa Mart. Ipomoea X multifida Raf.Schinn. Ipomopsis rubra (L.) Wherry ex Choisy Convolvulaceae Polemoniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 = Ipomoea coccinea L. X Ipomoea ◆ Weed quamoclit L. Ipomoea coccinea L. ◆ Weed Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Convolvulaceae Amaranthaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Ipomoea murucoides Roem. & Schult. ◆ Weed Convolvulaceae Ipomoea coccinea L. X Ipomoea Iresine herbstii Hook. quamoclit L. Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth Amaranthaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Ipomoea congesta R.Br. Iresine lindenii Van Houtte Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl. Amaranthaceae I Convolvulaceae = Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. Convolvulaceae ◆ Weed ◆ ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 Weed - 3 Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pavon Ipomoea ochracea (Lindl.) G.Don Ipomoea digitata auct. Arecaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae See: Iriartea gigantea H.Wendl. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 4 ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 3 ex Burret Ipomoea palmata Forssk. Ipomoea dissecta (Jacq.) Pursh, Iriartea gigantea H.Wendl. ex Burret Convolvulaceae nom. illeg. Arecaceae Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.Mey. = Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pavon = Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hallier f. Convolvulaceae Iris acutiloba C.A.Mey. ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 4 - 5 Ipomoea donaldsoni Rendle Iridaceae Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pauciflora M.Martens Lange & Galeotti Ipomoea fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy Iridaceae Convolvulaceae ◆ Convolvulaceae Weed - 5 = Ipomoea carnea Jacq. ssp. fistulosa Ipomoea pes-tigridis L. Iris aphylla L. (Mart. ex Choisy) D.Austin Convolvulaceae Iridaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 ◆ Weed - 4 Ipomoea X hardingii Paxton Ipomoea platensis Ker Gawl. Iris arenaria Waldst. & Kit. Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Iridaceae Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth = Iris humilis Georgi Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Iris atropurpurea Baker ◆ ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Iridaceae Ipomoea hederifolia L. Ipomoea quamoclit L. Iris attica Boiss. & Heldr. Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Iris aucheri (Baker) Sealy Ipomoea sinuata Ortega Ipomoea holubii Baker Iridaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae = Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hallier f. Iris bakeriana Foster Ipomoea horsfalliae Hook. ◆ Weed - 2A Iridaceae Convolvulaceae Iris bloudowii Ledeb. ◆ Weed - 4 Ipomoea tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy Convolvulaceae Iridaceae Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. = Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Iris boissieri Henriq. Convolvulaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Iridaceae See: Ipomoea acuminata (Vahl) Roem. Ipomoea tricolor Cav. & Schult., Ipomoea congesta R.Br. Iris bosniaca Beck ex Nym Convolvulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 4 Ipomoea leptophylla Torr. Iris bracteata S.Wats. Ipomoea triloba L. Convolvulaceae Iridaceae Convolvulaceae ◆ Weed - 4 - 5 = Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Iris brevicaulis Raf. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Iridaceae

258 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Iris bucharica Foster Iris filifolia Boiss. Iris graminea L. Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Iris bulleyana Dykes Iris filifolia Boiss. X Iris tingitana Boiss. Iridaceae & Reut. Iris hartwegii Baker Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris campanulata Houttyn ◆ Weed - 2 Iridaceae Iris helenae Barbey ex Boiss. Iris flavescens Delile ex Redoute Iridaceae Iris caucasica Hoffm. Iridaceae ◆ Weed Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 4 Iris hermona Dinsm. Iris chrysographes Dykes Iris flexuosa Murr. Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed Iris hexagona Walter = Iris sibirica L. Iridaceae Iris chrysophylla Howell Iris florentina L. Iridaceae Iris histrio Reichb. f. Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris clarkei Baker ex Hook. f. = Iris X germanica L. ‘Florentina’ Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Iris histrioides Foster ex Hayek Iridaceae Iris clarkei Baker ex Hook. f. X Iris L. delavayi Micheli Iridaceae Iris X hollandica hort. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 4 Iridaceae = complex hybrid of Iris filifolia Iris coelestina Sweet Iris formaldii Foster Boiss, Iris latifolia (Mill.) Voss, Iris I Iridaceae Iridaceae tingitana Boiss. & Reuter, Iris Iris confusa Sealy Iris formosana Ohwi xiphium L. and other species Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Iris cretensis Janka Iris forrestii Dykes Iris hoogiana Dykes Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae = Poir. ssp. Iris fosteriana Aitchison & Baker Iris hookeri Penny ex G.Don cretensis (Janka) A.P.Davis & Jury Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris cristata Aiton Iris fulva Ker Gawl. Iris humilis Georgi Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - 4 - 5 Iris hymenospatha B.Mathew Iris crocea Jacquem. ex R.Foster Iris fulva Ker Gawl. X Iris & Wendelbo Iridaceae giganticaerulea Small Iridaceae Iris danfordiae (Baker) Boiss. Iridaceae Iris iberica Hoffm. Iridaceae Iris X fulvala Dykes Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Iridaceae Iris innominata Henderson Iris darwasica Regel = Iris fulva Ker. Gawl. X Iris Iridaceae Iridaceae brevicaulis Raf. ◆ Weed - 4 Iris japonica Thunb. Iris decora Wallich. Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris gatesii Foster ◆ Weed Iridaceae Iris delavayi Micheli Iris japonica Thunb. X Iris confusa Sealy. Iridaceae Iris X germanica L. Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris domestica Goldblatt & Mabb. ◆ Weed = complex hybrid of Iris germanica Iridaceae L. and hybrid bearded irises derived Iris juncea Poiret Iris douglasiana Herb. from Iris pallida Lam. Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 Iris kaempferi Siebold ex Lem. ◆ Weed - 4 Iris germanica L. Iridaceae Iris dubia Vent. Iridaceae = Iris ensata Thunb. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed Iris dykesii Stapf Iris giganticaerulea Small Iris kamaonensis Wallich ex D.Don Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris ensata Thunb. Iris goniocarpa Baker Iris kashmiriana Baker Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae See: Iris kaempferi Siebold ex Lem. Iris gracilipes A.Gray Iris kemaonensis Wall. ex Royle ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris fernaldii R.C.Foster Iris graeberiana Sealy Iris kerneriana Asch. & Stint. Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 259 Iris korolkowii Regel Iris nelsonii Randolph Iris pseudopumila Tineo Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris lactea Pall. Iris nepalensis D.Don Iris pumila L. Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 4 - 5 Iris lacustris Nutt. Iris nicolai Vved. Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris purdyi Eastw. ◆ Weed - 4 Iridaceae Iris nigricans Correvon & H.Masse Fisch. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Iridaceae Iris rapunculoides Delaroche Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris notha M.Bieb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 4 Iridaceae Iris reichenbachii Heuffel Iris latifolia (Mill.) Voss Iridaceae Iris ochroleuca L. Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris reticulata M.Bieb. ◆ Weed - 2 = Iris spuria L. ssp. ochroleuca (L.) Iridaceae Iris lazica Alboff Dykes ◆ Weed - 2 Iridaceae Iris odorata Pers. Iris X robusta E.Anders. Iris livida James Booth ex Berg Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris orchioides Carrière = Iris versicolor L. X Iris virginica L. ◆ Weed Iris longipetala Herb. Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris orientalis Mill. Iris rosenbachiana Regel I = Iris missouriensis Nutt. Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris longituba N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 Iris rouxii G.J.Lewis Iridaceae Iris palaestina (Baker) Boiss. Iridaceae Iris lortetii Barbey ex Boiss. Iridaceae Iris X sambucina L. Iridaceae Iris pallida Lam. Iridaceae = Iris variegata L. X Iris pallida Lam. Iris lutea Lam. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 4 = Iris pseudacorus L. Iris paniculata Delaroche Iris sanguinea Hornem. ex Donn. Iridaceae Iris lutescens Lam. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 4 Iridaceae Iris paradoxa Steven ◆ Weed - 4 Iridaceae Iris scariosa Link Iridaceae Iris macrosiphon Torr. Iris patens Aiton Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris setosa Pall. ex Link Iridaceae Iris maculata L. Iris persica L. Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris sibirica L. Iridaceae Iris magnifica Vved. Iris phragmitetorum Hand.-Mazz. See: Iris flexuosa Murr. Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 4 Iris mandschurica Maxim. Iris planifolia (Mill.) Fior. & Paol. Iris sibirica L. X Iris sanguinea Hornem. Iridaceae Iridaceae ex Donn. ◆ Iris maritima Mill. Weed Iridaceae Iridaceae Iris polakii Stapf ◆ Weed - 2 Iris milesii Baker ex Foster Iridaceae Iris sikkimensis Dykes Iridaceae Iris polystachya Thunb. Iridaceae Iris missouriensis Nutt. Iridaceae Iris sintenisii Janka Iridaceae Iris pontica Zapal Iridaceae See: Iris longipetala Herb. Iridaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 - 5 Iris postii Mouterde Iris sisyrinchium L. Iris monadelpha Delaroche Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Iris prismatica Pursh Iris X monnieri DC. ex Redoute Iridaceae Iris sofarana Foster Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 4 Iridaceae = Iris orientalis P.Mill. X Iris ◆ Weed Iris pruitii Tineo xanthospuria B.Mathew & T.Baytop Iridaceae Iris spuria L. Iris munzii R.C.Foster Iridaceae Iris pseudacorus L. Iridaceae See: Iris ochroleuca L. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 Iris musulmanica Fomin See: Iris lutea Lam. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5

260 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Iris squalens L. Iris vicaria Vved. Ismelia carinata (Schousb.) Sch.Bip. Iridaceae Iridaceae Asteraceae = Iris X sambucina L. ◆ Weed - 2 Iris vinicolor Small ◆ Weed Iridaceae Ismene longipetala (Lindl.) Meerow Iris stocksii Boiss. Amaryllidaceae Iris virginica L. Iridaceae See: Elisena longipetala Lindl., Iridaceae Hymenocallis longipetala (Lindl.) Iris stolonifera Maxim. ◆ Weed - 2 - 4 - 5 J.F.Macbr. Iridaceae Iris viridiflora Lam. Ismene narcissiflora (Jacq.) M.Roem. Iris stricta (Klatt) G.J.Lewis Iridaceae Iridaceae Amaryllidaceae Iris warleyensis Foster See: Hymenocallis narcissiflora Iris stylosa Desf. Iridaceae (Jacq.) J.F.Macbr. Iridaceae = Iris unguicularis Poir. Iris wattii Baker Ismene pedunculata Herb. Iridaceae Amaryllidaceae Iris suaveolens Boiss. & Reut. See: Hymenocallis pedunculata Iris willmottiana Foster Iridaceae (Herb.) J.F.Macbr. Iridaceae Iris susiana L. Isochilus linearis (Jacq.) R.Br. Iris wilsonii C.H.Wright Iridaceae Orchidaceae Iridaceae Iris tectorum Maxim. Isolatocereus dumortieri (Schiedw.) Iris winogradowii Fomin ex Vved. Iridaceae Backeb. ◆ Iridaceae Weed - 4 Cactaceae I Iris tenax Douglas L. = Stenocereus dumortieri (Scheidw.) Iridaceae Iridaceae Buxb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 4 Iris tenuifolia Pall. Isolepis hookeriana Boeckeler Iridaceae Iris xiphium L. X Iris tingitana Boiss. Cyperaceae & Reuter ◆ Weed - Nn Iris tenuis S.Wats. Iridaceae Iridaceae Isolepis hystrix (Thunb.) Nees ◆ Weed Cyperaceae Iris tenuissima Dykes wombolu Vermoesen ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Iridaceae Irvingiaceae Isolepis marginata (Thunb.) Diels Iris thompsonii R.C.Foster Isabelia virginalis Barb.Rodr. Cyperaceae Iridaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Iris tingitana Boiss. & Reut. Isatis glauca Aucher ex Boiss. Isolepis mucronata Fourr. Iridaceae Brassicaceae Cyperaceae Iris tridentata Pursh ◆ Weed Isolepis platycarpa (S.T.Blake) Soják Iridaceae Isatis praecox Kit. ex Tratt. Cyperaceae Iris trifolia G.J.Lewis Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Iridaceae Isatis tinctoria L. Isolepis prolifera (Rottb.) R.Br. Iris unguicularis Poir. Brassicaceae Cyperaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A See: Iris cretensis Janka, Iris stylosa Desf. Ischaemum afrum (J.F.Gmel.) Dandy Isolepis sepulcralis Steud. ◆ Weed - N - 2A Poaceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Iris variegata L. Iridaceae Ischaemum glaucostachyum Stapf Isolepis setacea (L.) R.Br. ◆ Weed - 4 Poaceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - N Iris vartanii Foster Ischnosiphon rotundifolius (Poepp. Iridaceae & Endl.) Körn. Isolepis stellata (C.B.Clarke) Marantaceae K.L.Wilson Iris venusta Boolh ex Berg See: Calathea rotundifolia Poepp. Cyperaceae Iridaceae & Endl. ◆ Weed - Nn Iris verna L. Ischyrolepis subverticillata Steud. Isolona campanulata Engl. & Diels Iridaceae Restionaceae Annonaceae ◆ Weed - 4 - 5 Iseilema laxum Hack. Isomeris arborea Nutt. Iris versicolor L. Poaceae Capparaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 3 = Cleome isomeris Greene ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 Isertia haenkeana DC. Isoplexis canariensis (L.) Loudon Iris versicolor L. X Iris virginica L. Rubiaceae Scrophulariaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 261 Isoplexis isabelliana (Webb & Berth.) maculata L. Ixora fulgens Roxb. Masf. Iridaceae Rubiaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Ixora hookeri (Oudem.) Bremek. Isoplexis sceptrum (L.) Lindl. L. X L. Rubiaceae Scrophulariaceae Iridaceae Ixora javanica (Blume) DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Isotoma longiflora (L.) C.Presl Rubiaceae Campanulaceae Ixia metelerkampiae L.Bolus Ixora macrothyrsa Teijsm. & Binn. = Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G.Don Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Rubiaceae Ixia monadelpha D.Delaroche Ixora malabarica (Dennst.) Isotoma senecioides (Sims) A.DC. Iridaceae Campanulaceae D.J.Mabberley D.Delaroche Rubiaceae Itaya amicorum H.E.Moore Iridaceae Arecaceae See: Morphixia paniculata Ixora parviflora Vahl nom. illeg. (D.Delaroche) Baker Rubiaceae Itea chinensis Hook. & Arn. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 = Ixora pavetta Andrews Grossulariaceae ◆ Weed Itea ilicifolia Oliv. Ixia patens Aiton Iridaceae Ixora pavetta Andrews Grossulariaceae Rubiaceae Itea japonica Oliv. Ixia polystachya L. See: Ixora parviflora Vahl nom. illeg. Grossulariaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A I Itea virginica L. Ixora rosea Wall. Grossulariaceae Ixia rapunculoides Delaroche Rubiaceae Iridaceae Itoa orientalis Hemsl. Ixora thwaitesii Hook. f. Flacourtiaceae Ixia rouxii G.J.Lewis Rubiaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed Iva axillaris Pursh Asteraceae Ixia scillaris L. Ixora williamsii Sandwith ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 4A - 5 Iridaceae Rubiaceae Ixanthus viscosus (Sm.) Griseb. Ixia speciosa Andrews Gentianaceae Iridaceae = Ixia campanulata Houtt. Ixia bellendenii G.J.Lewis Iridaceae Ixia stricta (Eckl. ex Klatt) G.J.Lewis Iridaceae Ixia campanulata Houtt. Iridaceae Ixia trifolia G.J.Lewis See: Ixia speciosa Andrews Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Ixia viridiflora Lam. Ixia capillaris L. f. Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Ixia conferta R.C.Foster Ixiolirion pallasii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Iridaceae ex Ledeb. = Ixia lutea (Ker Gawl.) Baker Liliaceae Ixia curta Andrews Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Herb. Iridaceae Liliaceae Ixia dubia Vent. Ixophorus unisetus (J.Presl) Schltdl. Iridaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Ixia flexuosa L. Iridaceae Ixora acuminata Roxb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Rubiaceae ◆ Weed Ixia hybrida Ker Gawl. Iridaceae Ixora casei Hance ◆ Weed - N Rubiaceae Ixia latifolia D.Delaroche Ixora chinensis Lam. Iridaceae Rubiaceae ◆ Weed Ixia longituba N.E.Br. Iridaceae Ixora coccinea L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Ixia lutea (Ker Gawl.) Baker Iridaceae Ixora duffii T.Moore See: Ixia conferta R.C.Foster Rubiaceae

262 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Justicia aurea J Credit: Forest and Kim Starr

Jaborosa integrifolia Lam. Jacquinia barbasco Mez nom. illeg. L. Solanaceae Theophrastaceae Oleaceae ◆ Weed = Jacquinia arborea Vahl = L. ◆ Weed Jacaranda acutifolia Bonpl. Jacquinia pungens A.Gray Bignoniaceae Theophrastaceae L. Oleaceae Jacaranda atrolilacina C.T.White Jambosa longifolia Brongn. & Griseb. See: Jasminum bignoniaceum Wall. Bignoniaceae Myrtaceae & G.Don, Jasminum revolutum Sims Jacaranda caerulea (L.) J.St.-Hil. Jamesbrittenia grandiflora (Galpin) ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Bignoniaceae Hilliard Jasminum lanceolarium Roxb. Scrophulariaceae Jacaranda caroba (Vell.) A.DC. Oleaceae Jamesia americana Torr. & A.Gray Bignoniaceae Roxb. Hydrangeaceae Jacaranda chelonia Griseb. Oleaceae ichu Ruiz & Pav. Bignoniaceae Hance Poaceae Jacaranda cuspidifolia Mart. Oleaceae Bignoniaceae (Spreng.) S.W.L.Jacobs See: Jasminum primulinum Hemsl. & J.Everett ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Jacaranda decurrens Cham. Poaceae (Burm. f.) Bignoniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A J Andrews Jacaranda micrantha Cham. Jasione heldreichii Boiss. & Orph. Oleaceae Bignoniaceae Campanulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don Jasione laevis Lam. Hochst. Bignoniaceae Campanulaceae Oleaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Jasione lusitanica A.DC. Weed - 3 Jacaranda puberula Cham. Campanulaceae Jasminum nitidum Skan Bignoniaceae Jasione perennis Vill. ex Lam. Oleaceae See: Jacaranda semiserrata Cham. ◆ Campanulaceae Weed Jacaranda obtusifolia Bonpl. Jasminocereus thouarsii (F.A.C.Weber) Lindl. Bignoniaceae Backeb. Oleaceae ◆ Jacaranda ovalifolia R.Br. Cactaceae Weed - 2 Bignoniaceae Jasminum arborescens Roxb. Jasminum odoratissimum L. Jacaranda semiserrata Cham. Oleaceae Oleaceae Bignoniaceae L. Jasminum officinale L. = Jacaranda puberula Cham. Oleaceae Oleaceae Jacobinia carnea (Lindl.) G.Nicholson ◆ Weed See: Jasminum grandiflorum L. ◆ Weed - 2 Acanthaceae Jasminum beesianum Forrest & Diels = Justicia carnea Lindl. Oleaceae Dunn ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Oleaceae Jacobinia pauciflora (Nees) Benth. Jasminum bignoniaceum Wall. & G.Don Franch. & Hook. f. Oleaceae Oleaceae Acanthaceae = Jasminum humile L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Jacobinia sericea (Ruiz & Pav.) Nees Vahl Jasminum primulinum Hemsl. Acanthaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae ◆ = Jasminum mesnyi Hance Jacquemontia ovalifolia (Vahl ex West) Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 Hallier f. Jasminum dispermum Wall. Jasminum revolutum Sims Convolvulaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae = Jasminum humile L. Jacquinia armillaris Jacq. Jasminum floridum Bunge Theophrastaceae Oleaceae Jasminum rex Dunn See: Jacquinia barbasco Mez, Oleaceae nom. illeg. Jasminum fluminense Vell. Oleaceae (L.) Aiton Jacquinia aurantiaca W.T.Aiton ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Oleaceae Theophrastaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Jasminum fruticans L. Oleaceae Jasminum stenolobum Rolfe ◆ Weed Oleaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 263 Jasminum X stephanense Lemoine Jovibarba allionii (Jordan & Fourr.) Juglans mandshurica Maxim. Oleaceae D.A.Webb Juglandaceae = Jasminum beesianum Forrest Crassulaceae ◆ Weed & Diels X Jasminum officinale L. Jovibarba arenaria (Koch) Opiz Juglans microcarpa Berland. Jasminum subhumile W.W.Sm. Crassulaceae Juglandaceae Oleaceae See: Juglans rupestris Engelm. ex Torr. Jovibarba globifera (L.) J.Parn. ◆ Weed Jatropha aconitifolia Mill. Crassulaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Juglans neotropica Diels = Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) Juglandaceae Jovibarba heuffelii (Schott) Á.Löve I.M.Johnst. ◆ Weed - 1 & D.Löve Jatropha curcas L. Crassulaceae Juglans nigra L. Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed Juglandaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4A ◆ Weed - 2 Jovibarba hirta (L.) Opiz Jatropha glandulifera Roxb. Crassulaceae Juglans X quadrangulata (Carr.) Rehder Euphorbiaceae Juglandaceae Jovibarba sobolifera (Sims) Opiz ◆ Weed = Juglans cinerea L. X Juglans regia L. Crassulaceae ◆ Weed Jatropha glauca Griseb. ◆ Weed - 2 Euphorbiaceae Juglans regia L. Juania australis (Mart.) Drude ex Juglandaceae Jatropha gossypiifolia L. Hook. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Euphorbiaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Juglans rupestris Engelm. ex Torr. Juanulloa aurantiaca Otto & A.Dietr. Juglandaceae J Jatropha heterophylla Steud. Solanaceae = Juglans microcarpa Berland. Euphorbiaceae Juanulloa mexicana (Schltdl.) Miers Juglans sieboldiana Maxim. nom. illeg. ◆ Weed Solanaceae Juglandaceae Jatropha integerrima Jacq. = Juglans ailanthifolia Carrière Jubaea chilensis (Molina) Baill. Euphorbiaceae Arecaceae Jumellea filicornoides (De Wild.) ◆ Weed - 2 Schltr. Jubaea spectabilis Kunth Jatropha manihot L. Orchidaceae Arecaceae Euphorbiaceae Juncus acuminatus Mich. = Manihot esculenta Crantz Jubaeopsis caffra Becc. Arecaceae Jatropha multifida L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Euphorbiaceae Juglans ailanthifolia Carrière Juncus acutiflorus Ehrh. ◆ Weed - Nn Juglandaceae Juncaceae See: Juglans sieboldiana Maxim. Jatropha pandurifolia Andrews ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A nom. illeg. Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed Juncus acutus L. Jatropha podagrica Hook. Juncaceae Juglans ailantifolia Carrière Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 4A Juglandaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers. Juncaceae Juglans X bixbyi Rehder Berberidaceae See: Juncus alpinus Vill. nom. illeg. Juglandaceae Jeffersonia dubia (Maxim.) Benth. = Juglans cinerea L. X Juglans Juncus alpinus Vill. nom. illeg. & Hook. cordiformis Maxim. var. ailantifolia Juncaceae Berberidaceae (Carrière) Rehder) [most probable = Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix combination] Johannesteijsmannia altifrons (Reichb. Juncus amabilis Edgar ◆ Weed f. & Zoll.) H.E.Moore Juncaceae ◆ Arecaceae Juglans cathayensis Dode Weed - Nn Juglandaceae Johannesteijsmannia magnifica Dransf. Juncus aridicola L.A.S.Johnson Juncaceae Arecaceae Juglans cinerea L. ◆ Weed - Nn Juglandaceae Johannesteijsmannia perakensis Dransf. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Juncus articulatus L. Arecaceae Juncaceae Juglans hindsii Jeps. ex R.E.Sm. Jovellana punctata Ruíz & Pav. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5A Juglandaceae Scrophulariaceae Juncus bufonius L. Juglans X intermedia (C.DC.) Carrière Jovellana sinclairii (Hook.) Kraenzl. Juncaceae Juglandaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A = Juglans nigra L. X Juglans regia L. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Juncus bulbosus L. Jovellana violacea (Cav.) G.Don Juncaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A

264 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Juncus canadensis Gay Juncus oxycarpus E.Mey. ex Kunth Juniperus deppeana Steud. Juncaceae Juncaceae Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - 1 Juncus capensis Thunb. Juncus planifolius R.Br. Juniperus drupacea Labill. Juncaceae Juncaceae Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 Juniperus erythrocarpa Cory Juncus capillaceus Lam. Juncus polyanthemus Buchen. Cupressaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae = Juniperus pinchotii Sudw. ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - Nn Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb. Juncus capitatus Weigel Juncus procerus E.Mey Cupressaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae Juniperus formosana Hayata ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A ◆ Weed - Nn Cupressaceae Juncus cognatus Kunth Juncus squarrosus L. Juniperus horizontalis Moench Juncaceae Juncaceae Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - 3 Juncus conglomeratus L. Juncus subnodulosus Schrank Juniperus komarovii Florin Juncaceae Juncaceae Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A Juniperus lucayana Britton L.A.S.Johnson Juncus subsecundus N.A.Wakef. Cupressaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae = Juniperus barbadensis L. var. ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn lucayana (Britton) R.P.Adams Juncus effusus L. Juncus tenuis Willd. Juniperus lutchuensis Koidz. J Juncaceae Juncaceae Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Juniperus X media Melle nom. illeg. Juncus ensifolius Wikstr. Juncus usitatus L.A.S.Johnson Cupressaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae = Juniperus X pfitzeriana (Späth) ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A P.A.Schmidt Juncus filicaulis Buchenau Juniperus ashei Buchholz Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. Juncaceae Cupressaceae Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed Juncus fockei Buchenau Juniperus barbadensis L. Juniperus oblonga M.Bieb. Juncaceae Cupressaceae Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Juniperus bermudiana L. Juniperus occidentalis Hook. Juncus fontanesii Gay Cupressaceae Cupressaceae Juncaceae ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 5 Juniperus brevifolia (Seub.) Antoine Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little Juncus homalocaulis F.Müell. Cupressaceae Cupressaceae Juncaceae Juniperus californica Carrière See: Juniperus utahensis (Engelm.) ◆ Weed - Nn Cupressaceae Lemmon Juncus imbricatus Laharpe ◆ Weed Juniperus cedrus Webb & Berthel. Juncaceae Cupressaceae Juniperus oxycedrus L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Cupressaceae Juniperus chinensis L. Juncus indescriptus Steud. ◆ Weed Cupressaceae Juncaceae ◆ Weed - N Juniperus pachyphlaea Torr. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Cupressaceae Juniperus coahuilensis (Martinez) Juncus inflexus L. See: Sabina pachyphlaea (Torr.) Gaussen ex R.P.Adams Juncaceae Antoine Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 See: Juniperus erythrocarpa Cory Juniperus X pfitzeriana (Späth) Juncus kraussii Hochst. P.A.Schmidt Juniperus communis L. Juncaceae Cupressaceae Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - Nn = Juniperus sabina L. X Juniperus ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 sphaerica Lindl. Juncus microcephalus Kunth Juniperus conferta Parl. See: Juniperus X media Melle, Juncaceae Cupressaceae nom. illeg. ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed Juniperus phoenicea L. Juncus multiflorus Ehrh. Juniperus davurica Pall. Cupressaceae Juncaceae Cupressaceae ◆ Weed = Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej.

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 265 Juniperus pinchotii Sudw. Jurinea mollis (L.) Rchb. Justicia pectoralis Jacq. Cupressaceae Asteraceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Juniperus pingii Cheng ex Ferre Justicia adhatoda L. Justicia peruviana Lam. Cupressaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae See: Adhatoda vasica Nees Juniperus polycarpos K.Koch Justicia procumbens L. ◆ Weed Cupressaceae Acanthaceae Justicia aurea Schltdl. ◆ Weed Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl. Acanthaceae Cupressaceae Justicia rizzinii Wasshausen Justicia betonica L. Acanthaceae Juniperus procumbens (Endl.) Miq. Acanthaceae ◆ Weed Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5A Justicia spicigera Schlect. Juniperus pseudosabina Fisch. Justicia brandegeana Wassh. & L.B.Sm. Acanthaceae & C.A.Mey. Acanthaceae ◆ Weed Cupressaceae See: Beloperone guttata Brandegee Justicia tubaeformis Bertol. Juniperus recurva Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don ◆ Weed - N Acanthaceae Cupressaceae Justicia brasiliana Roth Justicia velutina (Lindau) Hassl. Juniperus rigida Sieb. & Zucc. Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Cupressaceae Justicia californica (Benth.) D.N.Gibson Juttadinteria simpsonii (Dinter) Juniperus sabina L. Acanthaceae Schwantes Cupressaceae See: Beloperone californica Benth. Aizoaceae See: Sabina vulgaris Antoine Justicia carnea Lindl. J ◆ Weed Acanthaceae Juniperus sargentii (A.Henry) Takeda See: Jacobinia carnea (Lindl.) ex Koidz. G.Nicholson Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Justicia caudata A.Gray Cupressaceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N Juniperus sheppardii (Veitch) Melle Justicia coccinea Aubl. Cupressaceae Acanthaceae Juniperus sphaerica Lindl. Justicia comosa Vahl. Cupressaceae Acanthaceae Juniperus squamata Buch.-Ham. Justicia cydoniifolia (Nees) Lindau ex D.Don Acanthaceae Cupressaceae Justicia fulvicoma Schltdl. & Cham. Juniperus taxifolia Hook. & Arn. Acanthaceae Cupressaceae Justicia ghiesbreghtiana Lem. Juniperus thurifera L. Acanthaceae Cupressaceae Justicia guttata Wall. Juniperus turkestanica Kom. Acanthaceae Cupressaceae Justicia hyssopifolia L. Juniperus utahensis (Engelm.) Acanthaceae Lemmon Justicia insularis T.Anderson Cupressaceae Acanthaceae = Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little = Justicia kotschyi (Hochst.) Dandy Juniperus virginiana L. ◆ Weed Cupressaceae Justicia kotschyi (Hochst.) Dandy See: Juniperus lucayana Britton Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 See: Justicia insularis T.Anderson Juniperus wallichiana Hook. f. ◆ Weed & Thomson ex Brandis Justicia magnifica Pohl ex Nees Cupressaceae Acanthaceae Juniperus zeravschanica Komarov Justicia nodosa Hook. Cupressaceae Acanthaceae Juno warleyensis (Foster) Vved. Justicia pauciflora (Nees) Griseb. Iridaceae Acanthaceae

266 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Kalanchoe thyrsiflora K Credit: Forest and Kim Starr Kadsura coccinea A.C.Sm. Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.- Kalanchoe lanceolata (Forssk.) Pers. Schisandraceae Hamet & H.Perrier Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal = Bryophyllum daigremontianum Schisandraceae Kalanchoe lateritia Engl. (Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier) A.Berger Crassulaceae angustifolia Roxb. ◆ Weed - Weed Zingiberaceae Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh. Kalanchoe laxiflora Baker Kaempferia atrovirens N.E.Br. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Zingiberaceae = Bryophyllum delagoense (Eckl. ◆ Weed & Zeyh.) Schinz Kalanchoe lobata R.Fern. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Crassulaceae Kaempferia galanga L. Zingiberaceae Kalanchoe dixoniana Raym.-Hamet Kalanchoe longiflora Schltr. ◆ Weed - N Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - N Kaempferia gilbertii W.Bull Kalanchoe dyeri N.E.Br. Zingiberaceae Crassulaceae Kalanchoe luciae Raym.-Hamet Crassulaceae Kaempferia pulchra Ridl. Kalanchoe eriophylla Hilsenb. & Boj. Zingiberaceae ex Tul. Kalanchoe lugardii Bullock ◆ Weed - 3 Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Kaempferia roscoeana Wall. Kalanchoe faustii Font Quer Kalanchoe manginii Raym.-Hamet Zingiberaceae Crassulaceae & H.Perrier Crassulaceae K Kaempferia rotunda L. Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi Raym.-Hamet Zingiberaceae & H.Perrier Kalanchoe marmorata Baker ◆ Weed - 2 Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Kaempferia spectabilis (Fenzl) Benth. = Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi (Hamet See: Kalanchoe grandiflora Wall. & Hook. f. & Perrier) Cheng ex Wight & Arn. ◆ Weed Zingiberaceae Kalanchoe millotii Raym.-Hamet Kageneckia oblonga Ruiz & Pav. Kalanchoe figuereidoi Croizat & H.Perrier Rosaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Kalanchoe ambolensis Humbert Kalanchoe flammea Stapf Kalanchoe mitejea Leblanc Crassulaceae Crassulaceae & Raym.-Hamet Crassulaceae Kalanchoe aubrevillei Raymond-Hamet Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri Hamet ex Cufod. & Perrier Kalanchoe mocambicana Resende Crassulaceae Crassulaceae & Sobrinho ◆ Weed Crassulaceae Kalanchoe beauverdii Raym.-Hamet Crassulaceae Kalanchoe glaucescens Britten Kalanchoe nadyae Raym.-Hamet See: Bryophyllum beauverdii Crassulaceae Crassulaceae (Raym.-Hamet) A.Berger Kalanchoe grandiflora Wall. ex Wight Kalanchoe nyikae Engl. ◆ Weed & Arn. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Kalanchoe beharensis Drake Kalanchoe obtusa Engl. = Kalanchoe marmorata Baker Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln. Kalanchoe orgyalis Baker Kalanchoe guillauminii Raymond-Hamet Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Crassulaceae Kalanchoe paniculata Harv. Kalanchoe hildebrandtii Baill. Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Kalanchoe peltata Baill. = Kalanchoe integra (Medik.) Kalanchoe integra (Medik.) Kuntze Crassulaceae Kuntze var. verea (Jacq.) Cufod. Crassulaceae Kalanchoe campanulata Baill. ◆ Weed Kalanchoe peteri Werderm. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Kalanchoe jongmansi Raym.-Hamet Kalanchoe citrina Schweinf. & H.Perrier Kalanchoe pinnata Pers. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae = Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw. Kalanchoe laciniata (L.) DC. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 267 Kalanchoe prittwitzii Engl. Kalmia latifolia L. fortunei (A.Murray) Carrière Crassulaceae Ericaceae Pinaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Kalanchoe pubescens Baker Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC. Crassulaceae Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) A.Heller Meliaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed Kalanchoe pumila Baker Crassulaceae Kalmia polifolia Wangenh. Khaya grandifoliola C.DC. Ericaceae Meliaceae Kalanchoe quartiniana A.Rich. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Crassulaceae Khaya nyasica Stapf ex Baker f. septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz. Kalanchoe rhombopilosa Mannoni Meliaceae Araliaceae ◆ & Boiteau Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Crassulaceae Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A.Juss. Keckiella corymbosa (Benth.) Straw Kalanchoe robusta Balf. f. Meliaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Crassulaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Kedrostis africana Cogn. Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. Cucurbitaceae Crassulaceae Apocynaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - 3 Kedrostis crassirostrata Bremek. Weed - N - 1A - 3 Kalanchoe schimperiana A.Rich. Cucurbitaceae Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort. Crassulaceae Kedrostis natalensis (Hook. f.) A.Meeuse Apocynaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 Kalanchoe schumacheri Koord. Cucurbitaceae Crassulaceae Kennedia nigricans Lindl. Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Bignoniaceae Kalanchoe sexangularis N.E.Br. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A See: Kigelia pinnata (Jacq.) DC. Crassulaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N Kennedia rubicunda (Schneev.) Vent. Kigelia pinnata (Jacq.) DC. K Kalanchoe somaliensis Hook. f. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Bignoniaceae Crassulaceae Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A = Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Kalanchoe synsepala Baker Kentia forsteriana C.Moore & F.Müell. ◆ Weed Crassulaceae Arecaceae Kiggelaria africana L. Kalanchoe tetraphylla H.Perrier Kentiopsis magnifica (H.E.Moore) Flacourtiaceae Crassulaceae Pintaud & Hodel Arecaceae Kingidium decumbens (Griff.) P.F.Hunt Kalanchoe thyrsiflora Harv. Orchidaceae Crassulaceae Kentiopsis oliviformis (Brongn. & Griseb.) Brongn. Kingidium deliciosum (Reichb. f.) Kalanchoe tomentosa Baker Arecaceae R.H.Sweet Crassulaceae Orchidaceae Kentiopsis pyriformis J.-C.Pintaud Kalanchoe tubiflora (Harv.) & D.R.Hodel Kirengeshoma palmata Yatabe Raym.-Hamet Arecaceae Hydrangeaceae Crassulaceae = Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. Kentranthus ruber L. Kirkia acuminata Oliv. & Zeyh. Valerianaceae Kirkiaceae ◆ ◆ Weed Weed Kermadecia rotundifolia Brongn. Kalanchoe uniflora Raym.-Hamet & Griseb. Kirkia wilmsii Engl. Crassulaceae Proteaceae Kirkiaceae Kalanchoe wildii R.-Hamet ex R.Fern. Kermadecia sinuata Brongn. & Griseb. Kitaibela vitifolia Willd. Crassulaceae Proteaceae Malvaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Kalanchoe zimbabwensis Rendle Kernera saxatilis (L.) Reichb. Crassulaceae Brassicaceae Kitchingia peltata Baker ◆ Weed Crassulaceae Kalimeris incisa (Fisch.) DC. Asteraceae Kerria japonica (L.) DC. Kleinia fulgens Hook. f. ◆ Weed Rosaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Kalimeris yomena Kitam. Kleinia gregorii (S.Moore) C.Jeffrey Asteraceae Kerriodoxa elegans J.Dransf. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 3 Arecaceae Kleinia kleinioides (Sch.Bip.) Kallstroemia grandiflora Torr. ex A.Gray Kerstingiella geocarpa Harms M.R.F.Taylor Zygophyllaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 5 = Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Kleinia neriifolia (L.) Less. Marechal & Baudet Kalmia angustifolia L. Asteraceae Ericaceae Mast. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 Pinaceae

268 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Kleinia stapeliiformis (E.Phillips) Stapf rufa Leichtlin ex Baker elegans (Seem.) A.C.Sm. Asteraceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Sapindaceae See: Senecio stapeliaeformis ◆ Weed - 2 See: Koelreuteria formosana Hayata E.Phillips ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5 Kniphofia sarmentosa Kunth Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult. Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Koelreuteria formosana Hayata Dipsacaceae Sapindaceae Kniphofia snowdenii C.H.Wright. See: Scabiosa arvensis L. = (Seem.) Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 A.C.Sm. ssp. formosana (Hayata) Kniphofia stricta Codd F.G.Mey. Knautia macedonica Griseb. Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae ◆ Weed Dipsacaceae See: Scabiosa rumelica hort. Kniphofia thomsoni Bak. Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. ◆ Weed Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Sapindaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 5 Knightia excelsa (Salisb.) R.Br. Kniphofia triangularis Kunth Proteaceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Kohleria bogotensis (G.Nicholson) Fritsch Kniphofia baurii Baker Kniphofia tuckii Leichtlin ex Baker Gesneriaceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Kohleria eriantha (Benth.) Hanst. Kniphofia caulescens Baker ex Hook. f. Kniphofia typhoides Codd Gesneriaceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Kohleria hirsuta (Kunth) Regel Kniphofia citrina Baker Kniphofia tysonii Bak. Gesneriaceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Kohleria lindeniana (Regel) H.E.Moore Kniphofia ensifolia Baker (L.) Hook. Gesneriaceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Kohleria spicata (Kunth) Oerst. Kniphofia foliosa Hochst. Gesneriaceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Kochia indica Wight K Chenopodiaceae Kokia drynarioides (Seem.) Lewton Kniphofia galpinii Bak. = Bassia indica (Wight) A.J.Scott Malvaceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebn. Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. Linnaeaceae Kniphofia hirsuta Codd Chenopodiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae = Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J.Scott fruticosa (Ker Gawl.) A.DC. Kniphofia laxiflora Kunth ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4A - 5 Apocynaceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae castellana Boiss. & Reut. ◆ Weed - 3 See: Kniphofia natalensis Baker Poaceae Kopsia officinalis Tsiang & P.T.Li Kniphofia linearifolia Bak. Koeleria cristata auct. Apocynaceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Poaceae Kopsia singapurensis Ridl. Kniphofia natalensis Baker = (Ledeb.) Schult. Apocynaceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae ◆ Weed = Kniphofia laxiflora Kunth Kosteletzkya pentacarpa (L.) Ledeb. Koeleria dactyloides (Rochel) Malvaceae Kniphofia northiae Baker Reichenb. Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Poaceae Kosteletzkya virginica (L.) Presl = Koeleria glauca DC. Malvaceae Kniphofia pauciflora Baker ◆ Weed Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Koeleria eriostachya Pancic Poaceae Krainzia guelzowiana (Werderm.) Kniphofia pauciflora Baker X Kniphofia Backeb. citrina Baker Koeleria glauca DC. Cactaceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Poaceae = Mammillaria guelzowiana See: Koeleria dactyloides (Rochel) Kniphofia X praecox Baker Werderm. Reichenb. Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae ◆ Weed Krainzia longiflora (Britton & Rose) = Kniphofia uvaria (L.) Oken. or Backeb. Kniphofia linearifolia Bak. X Kniphofia Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. Cactaceae bruceae Codd. Poaceae = Mammillaria longiflora ◆ Weed - 2 See: Koeleria cristata auct. (Britton & Rose) A.Berger ◆ Weed - Nn Kniphofia primulina Baker Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Koeleria polonica Domin Gueldenst. Poaceae Kniphofia pumila Knuth Chenopodiaceae Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Koeleria villosa Pers. See: Ceratoides latens Reveal & Poaceae N.H.Holmgren, Eurotia ceratoides Kniphofia rooperi Lem. (L.) C.A.Mey. Liliaceae - Asphodelaceae Koelreuteria bipinnata Franch. ◆ Weed Sapindaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 269 Kraussia floribunda Harv. Rubiaceae Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Hook. & Arn. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 Kuniwatsukia cuspidata (Bedd.) Pic.Serm. Aspleniaceae Kunzea baxteri (Klotzsch) Schauer Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 5 Kydia calycina Roxb. Malvaceae Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. K Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Kyllinga odorata Vahl Cyperaceae = Cyperus sesquiflorus (Torr.) Kuk. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Kyllinga squamulata Thonn. ex Vahl Cyperaceae See: Cyperus metzii (Hochst. ex Steud.) Mattf. & Kuk. ex Kuk. ◆ Weed - 3

270 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Lavandula officinalis L Credit: Forest and Kim Starr Labisia pumila (Blume) Fern.-Vill. Lachenalia comptonii Barker Lachenalia pusilla Jacq. & Naves Liliaceae Liliaceae Myrsinaceae Lachenalia contaminata Aiton Lachenalia pustulata Jacq. Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet Liliaceae Liliaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lachenalia elegans W.F.Barker Thunb. See: Dolichos lablab L. Liliaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Lachenalia fistulosa Baker Laburnocytisus adamii (Poit.) Liliaceae Lachenalia rosea Andr. C.K.Schneid. Liliaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lachenalia glaucina Jacq. = Laburnum anagyroides Medik. Liliaceae Lachenalia rubida Jacq. + Cytisus purpureus Scop. [a graft Liliaceae Lachenalia hirta (Thunb.) Thunb. chimaera] Liliaceae Lachenalia splendida Diels Laburnum alpinum (Mill.) J.Presl Liliaceae Lachenalia juncifolia Baker Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae Lachenalia trichophylla Baker ◆ Weed - 2 Liliaceae Lachenalia latifolia Tratt. Laburnum alpinum (Mill.) J.Presl X Liliaceae Lachenalia unicolor Jacq. Laburnum anagyroides Medik. Liliaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lachenalia liliflora Jacq. = Laburnum X watereri (Kirchn) Dipp. Liliaceae Lachenalia unifolia Jacq. ◆ Weed Liliaceae Lachenalia longibracteata Phillips Laburnum anagyroides Medik. Liliaceae Lachenalia variegata W.F.Barker Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae Lachenalia longituba (A.M.van der L ◆ Weed - 2 Merwe) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt Lachenalia violacea Jacq. Laburnum X watereri (Kirchn) Dipp. Liliaceae Liliaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lachenalia mathewsii W.F.Barker Lachenalia viridiflora W.F.Barker See: Laburnum alpinum (Mill.) Liliaceae Liliaceae Bercht. & J.Presl X Laburnum anagyroides Medik. Lachenalia maximiliani Schltr. Lachenalia zeyheri Baker ◆ Weed ex W.F.Barker Liliaceae Liliaceae Lacaena bicolor Lindl. bourgaei (Boiss.) Irish & N.Taylor Orchidaceae Lachenalia mediana Jacq. Asteraceae Liliaceae Lachenalia algoensis Schönland Lactuca saligna L. Liliaceae Lachenalia muirii W.F.Barker Asteraceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A (L. f.) Engl. Liliaceae Lachenalia mutabilis Sweet Lactuca sativa L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Liliaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 5 Lachenalia ameliae W.F.Barker Liliaceae Lachenalia namaquensis Schltr. L. ex W.F.Barker Asteraceae Lachenalia arbuthnotiae W.F.Barker Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Liliaceae Lachenalia orchioides (L.) Aiton Lactuca virosa L. Lachenalia aurea J.W.Loudon Liliaceae Asteraceae & Wooster ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Liliaceae Lachenalia orthopetala Jacq. Liliaceae Laelia albida Bateman ex Lindl. Lachenalia bachmannii Baker Orchidaceae Liliaceae Lachenalia pallida Aiton Liliaceae Laelia anceps Lindl. (Cirillo) Engl. Orchidaceae Liliaceae Lachenalia peersii Marloth ex W.F.Barker ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Liliaceae Laelia autumnalis Lindl. Orchidaceae Lachenalia capensis W.F.Barker Lachenalia pendula Aiton Liliaceae Liliaceae Laelia briegeri Blumensch. ex Pabst Orchidaceae Lachenalia carnosa Baker Lachenalia purpureo-caerulea Jacq. = Sophronitis briegeri (Blumensch. Liliaceae Liliaceae ex Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 271 Laelia cinnabarina Bateman Laelia tenebrosa (R.A.Rolfe) Rolfe speciosa (L.) Pers. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Lythraceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 Laelia crispa (Lindl.) Rchb. Laelia tibicinis (Bateman ex Lindl.) Orchidaceae L.O.Williams Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne Orchidaceae Lythraceae Laelia crispilabia A.Rich. ex R.Warner Orchidaceae Laelia xanthina Lindl. Lagerstroemia tomentosa C.Presl Orchidaceae Lythraceae Laelia dayana Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Laeliocattleya callistoglossa Rolfe Lagerstroemia villosa Wall. ex Kurz Orchidaceae Lythraceae Laelia digbyana (Lindl.) Benth. Orchidaceae Lafoensia vandelliana Cham. & Schltdl. Lagopsis supina (Steph.) Ik.-Gal. Lythraceae ex Knorr. Laelia flava Lindl. Lamiaceae Orchidaceae major (Ridl.) ◆ Weed - 3 Hydrocharitaceae Laelia furfuracea Lindl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 Lagunaria patersonii (Andrews) G.Don Orchidaceae Malvaceae Lagarostrobus colensoi (Hook.) ◆ Laelia gloedeniana Hoehne Weed - Nn - 3 C.J.Quinn Orchidaceae Podocarpaceae L. Laelia gouldiana Rchb. f. Poaceae Lagascea decipiens Hemsl. ◆ Orchidaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Asteraceae Laelia grandis Lindl. & Paxt. = Nocca decipiens (Hemsl.) Kuntze Lallemantia iberica (M.Bieb.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Orchidaceae Lagenandra ovata Thwaites Lamiaceae Laelia harpophylla Rchb. f. Araceae ◆ Weed - 3 Orchidaceae Lagenandra thwaitesii Engl. Lallemantia royleana (Benth.) Benth. Laelia jongheana Rchb. f. Araceae Lamiaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 3 leucantha Rusby nom. illeg. L Laelia lobata (Lindl.) H.J.Veitch Cucurbitaceae aurea (L.) Moench Orchidaceae = Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Laelia longipes Rchb. f. Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. Orchidaceae Cucurbitaceae Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend. See: Lagenaria leucantha Rusby & Polatschek Laelia lucasiana Rolfe nom. illeg., Lagenaria vulgaris Ser. Lamiaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 See: Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L. Laelia lundii Rchb. f. & Warming ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Lagenaria vulgaris Ser. Orchidaceae Cucurbitaceae Lamium album L. Laelia mantiqueirae Pabst ex Zappi = Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. Lamiaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 5 ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Laelia milleri Blumensch. ex Pabst Lagenophora stipitata (Labill.) Druce Lamium amplexicaule L. Orchidaceae Asteraceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Laelia perrinii Bateman Lagerstroemia chekiangensis Cheng Orchidaceae Lythraceae Lamium armenum Boiss. Lamiaceae Laelia pumila Rchb. f. Lagerstroemia fauriei Koehne Orchidaceae Lythraceae Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L. Lamiaceae Laelia purpurata Lindl. Lagerstroemia fauriei Koehne = Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Orchidaceae X L. Ehrend. & Polatschek Lythraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Laelia reginae Pabst Orchidaceae Lagerstroemia flos-reginae Retz. Lamium garganicum L. Lythraceae Lamiaceae Laelia rubescens Lindl. ◆ Weed - 2 Orchidaceae Lagerstroemia indica L. ◆ Weed Lythraceae Lamium maculatum L. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 5 Lamiaceae Laelia sincorana Schltr. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Orchidaceae Lagerstroemia loudonii Teijsm. & Binn. Lythraceae Lamium orvala L. Laelia speciosa (H.B. & K.) Schltr. Lamiaceae Orchidaceae Lagerstroemia ovalifolia Teijsm. & Binn. ◆ Weed - 2 Lythraceae Laelia superbiens Lindl. Lamium purpureum L. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Orchidaceae Lamiaceae Lythraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5

272 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Lampranthus aurantiacus (DC.) camara hort. Lapeirousia pyramidalis (Lam.) Schwantes Verbenaceae Goldblatt Aizoaceae See: Lantana hybrida hort. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Lampranthus aureus (L.) N.E.Br. Lapeirousia silenoides (Jacq.) Ker Gawl. Aizoaceae hort. X Lantana Iridaceae depressa Small Lampranthus blandus (Haw.) Schwantes Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort. Verbenaceae Aizoaceae Boraginaceae = Lantana ‘Sundancer’ ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 - 5 Lampranthus coccineus (Haw.) N.E.Br. Lantana crocea Jacq. Aizoaceae Lapsana communis L. Verbenaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Asteraceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Lampranthus deltoides (L.) Glen Lantana hybrida hort. Aizoaceae Lardizabala biternata Ruiz & Pav. Verbenaceae See: Oscularia caulescens (Mill.) Lardizabalaceae = Lantana camara hort. Schwant. ◆ Weed - 2A Mill. Lampranthus falciformis N.E.Br. Pinaceae (Spreng.) Briq. Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Verbenaceae ◆ Weed - 2 See: Lantana sellowiana Link & Otto Larix decidua Miller. X Lampranthus glaucus (L.) N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A (Lamb.) Carrière Aizoaceae Pinaceae Lantana montevidensis ‘Sundancer’ hort. ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - 2 Verbenaceae Lampranthus haworthii (Donn) N.E.Br. = Lantana camara hort. X Lantana Larix X eurolepis A.Henry nom. illeg. Aizoaceae depressa Small Pinaceae = Larix X marschlinsii Coaz Lampranthus immelmaniae (L.Bolus) Lantana sellowiana Link & Otto N.E.Br. Verbenaceae Larix europaea DC. Aizoaceae = Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Pinaceae ◆ Weed - N Briq. (Rupr.) Rupr. Lampranthus multiradiatus (Jacq.) Lantana trifolia L. Pinaceae L N.E.Br. Verbenaceae Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Pinaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 5 Lapageria rosea Ruiz & Pav. ◆ Weed - 2 Lampranthus roseus (Willd.) Schwantes Smilacaceae (Du Roi) K.Koch Aizoaceae Lapeirousia anceps (L. f.) Ker Gawl. Pinaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Lampranthus scaber (L.) N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - N Larix X marschlinsii Coaz Aizoaceae Lapeirousia corymbosa (L.) Ker Gawl. Pinaceae ◆ Weed Iridaceae = Larix decidua Mill. X Larix Lampranthus spectabilis (Haw.) N.E.Br. kaempferi (Lind.) Carr. Lapeirousia cruenta (Lindl.) Benth. Aizoaceae See: Larix X eurolepis A.Henry, ex Baker ◆ Weed nom. illeg. Iridaceae Lampranthus stenus N.E.Br. Larix occidentalis Nutt. Lapeirousia divaricata Baker Aizoaceae Pinaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed Lampranthus tegens (F.Müell.) N.E.Br. Lapeirousia erythrantha Baker Aizoaceae Batalin Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Pinaceae Lapeirousia fabricii (Delaroche) Lampranthus tenuifolius (L.) Ledeb. Ker Gawl. Schwantes Pinaceae Iridaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Lapeirousia galaxoides Baker Lampranthus variabilis (Haw.) N.E.Br. Larrea tridentata (Sesse & Moc. Iridaceae Aizoaceae ex DC.) Coville Lapeirousia jacquinii N.E.Br. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Endl. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Papaveraceae See: Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem. Lapeirousia laxa (Thunb.) N.E.Br. Larsenaikia ochreata (F.Müell.) Tirveng. ◆ Weed - 2 Iridaceae Rubiaceae = Anomatheca laxa (Thunb.) Lanaria lanata (L.) Druce Laserpitium nitidum Zantedeschi Goldblatt Liliaceae Apiaceae ◆ Weed Lansium domesticum Correa Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites Lapeirousia oreogena Schltr. Meliaceae Araceae ex Goldblatt ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Iridaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 273 Lasiacis ruscifolia (Kunth) Hitchc. Lathyrus clymenum L. Lathyrus sphaericus Retz. Poaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 Lasianthus japonicus Miq. Lathyrus digitatus (M.Bieb.) Fiori Lathyrus sylvestris L. Rubiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Lasiochloa hispida (Thunb.) Kunth Lathyrus grandiflorus Sm. Poaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lathyrus tingitanus L. ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lasiochloa longifolia (Schrad.) Kunth ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Poaceae Lathyrus heterophyllus L. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lathyrus tuberosus L. ◆ Lasiospermum bipinnatum (Thunb.) Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Druce Lathyrus hirsutus L. Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lathyrus undulatus Boiss. ◆ Weed - N - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lasiurus hirsutus auct. Lathyrus latifolius L. Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh. Poaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Lasiurus scindicus Henrard ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Lathyrus laxiflorus (Desf.) Kuntze Latua pubiflora (Griseb.) Baillon Lasiurus scindicus Henrard Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Solanaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed See: Lasiurus hirsutus auct. Lathyrus linifolius (Reichard) Bassler Launaea arborescens (Battand.) Murb. Lastrea nipponica (Franch. & Sav.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae Copel. ◆ Weed Thelypteridaceae Laurelia novae-zelandiae A.Cunn. Lathyrus longifolius Ten. Monimiaceae Lastreopsis calantha (Endl.) Tindale Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dryopteridaceae Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul. Lathyrus montanus Bernh. Monimiaceae L Lastreopsis davallioides (Brack.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Tindale Laurelia serrata Bertero ◆ Weed Dryopteridaceae Monimiaceae Lathyrus nervosus Lam. Lastreopsis glabella (A.Cunn.) Tindale Laurentia anethifolia (Summerh.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dryopteridaceae E.Wimm. Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh. Campanulaceae Lastreopsis velutina (A.Rich.) Tindale Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dryopteridaceae Laurentia armstrongii (E.Wimm.) ◆ Weed - 2 E.Wimm. Latania borbonica Lam. Arecaceae Lathyrus nissolia L. Campanulaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Laurentia baueri (C.Presl) A.DC. Latania loddigesii Mart. ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 Arecaceae Campanulaceae Lathyrus occidentalis (Fisch. ◆ Weed Laurentia ferdinandi E.Wimm. & C.A.Mey.) Fritsch Campanulaceae Latania lontaroides (Gaertn.) H.E.Moore Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Arecaceae Laurentia fluviatilis (R.Br.) E.Wimm. Lathyrus odoratus L. ◆ Weed Campanulaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Latania verschaffeltii Lem. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Laurentia gaudichaudii (C.Presl) A.DC. Arecaceae Campanulaceae Lathyrus palustris L. Lathyrus angulatus L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Laurentia gulliveri (F.Müell.) E.Wimm. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Campanulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Lathyrus pratensis L. Laurentia hypocrateriformis (R.Br.) Lathyrus annuus L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae E.Wimm. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Campanulaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Lathyrus pubescens Hook. & Arn. Laurentia pusilla (Benth.) A.DC. Lathyrus aphaca L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Campanulaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 Lathyrus rotundifolius Willd. azorica (Seub.) Franco Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lauraceae Lathyrus belinensis N.Maxted & ◆ Weed - 3 D.J.Goyder Laurus canariensis Willd. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lathyrus sativus L. Lauraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lathyrus cicera L. L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lauraceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 5

274 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Lavandula X allardi Hy. Lavandula pedunculata Cav. Lavatera kashmiriana Cambess. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Malvaceae = Lavatera thuringiaca L. var. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Lavandula pinnata L. cachemiriana (Cambess.) S.Mobayen Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed See: Lavandula officinalis Chaix, Lavandula pubescens Decne. Lavandula spica L. nom. ambig., Lavatera maritima Gouan Lamiaceae Lavandula vera DC. nom. illeg. Malvaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 2 See: Lavatera bicolor (Rouy) Stapf Lavandula rotundifolia Benth. ◆ Weed Lavandula angustifolia Mill. X Lamiaceae Lavandula latifolia Medik. Lavatera mauritanica Durieu Lamiaceae Lavandula X sp. Emeric ex Lois. Malvaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Lamiaceae Lavatera olbia L. = Lavandula X intermedia Emeric Lavandula buchii Webb & Berth. Malvaceae ex Loisel. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Lavandula spica L. nom. ambig. Lavandula burmanni Benth. Lavatera thuringiaca L. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae = Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Malvaceae Lavandula canariensis Mill. ◆ Weed See: Lavatera cachemiriana Lamiaceae Cambess., Lavatera kashmiriana Lavandula stoechas L. Cambess. Lavandula X christiana Gattef. & Maire Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A = Lavandula pinnata L. X Lavandula Lavatera X thuringiaca hort. Lavandula stricta Delile canariensis Mill. Malvaceae Lamiaceae = Lavatera olbia L. X Lavatera Lavandula coronopifolia Poir. = Lavandula coronopifolia Poir. thuringiaca L. is the common Lamiaceae ◆ Weed garden plant, but also includes See: Lavandula stricta Delile Lavandula subnuda Benth. Lavatera ambigua DC. and other Lavandula dentata L. Lamiaceae varieties ◆ Lamiaceae Weed - 2 Lavandula vera DC. nom. illeg. L ◆ Weed - N - 2A Lamiaceae Lavatera trimestris L. Lavandula dhofarensis A.G.Mill. = Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Malvaceae ◆ Lamiaceae Weed - N - 2A - 3 - 5 Lavandula viridis L’Hérit. Lavandula heterophylla Viv. Lamiaceae Lawsonia alba Lam. Lamiaceae Lythraceae Lavatera acerifolia Cav. = Lawsonia inermis L. Lavandula X heterophylla Par. ex Poir. Malvaceae Lamiaceae Lawsonia inermis L. Lavatera arborea L. = Lavandula dentata L. X Lavandula Lythraceae Malvaceae vera DC. ◆ Weed - 2 = Malva dendromorpha M.F.Ray Lavandula X intermedia Emeric ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Layia platyglossa (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) ex Loisel. A.Gray Lavatera assurgentiflora Kellogg Lamiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Malvaceae = Lavandula angustifolia Mill. = Malva assurgentiflora (Kellogg) Leandra xanthocoma Cogn. X Lavandula latifolia Medik. M.F.Ray Melastomataceae See: Lavandula X sp. Emeric ex Lois. ◆ Weed Lebetanthus myrsinites Macloskie Lavandula lanata Boiss. Lavatera bicolor (Rouy) Stapf Epacridaceae Lamiaceae Malvaceae Lebronnecia kokioides Fosberg Lavandula latifolia Medik. = Lavatera maritima Gouan Malvaceae Lamiaceae Lavatera cachemiriana Cambess. Lecanopteris carnosa (Reinw.) Blume Lavandula luisieri L. Malvaceae Polypodiaceae Lamiaceae = Lavatera thuringiaca L. var. cachemiriana (Cambess.) Lecanopteris curtisii Bak. Lavandula mairei Humbert S.Mobayen Polypodiaceae Lamiaceae Lavatera X clementii Cheek Lecanopteris mirabile Copel. Lavandula minutolii C.Bolle Malvaceae Polypodiaceae Lamiaceae = Lavatera olbia Sibth. & Sm. Lechea intermedia Leggett ex Britton Lavandula multifida L. X Lavatera thuringiaca L. Cistaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N Lavatera cretica L. Lecythis ollaria Loefl. Lavandula officinalis Chaix Malvaceae Lecythidaceae Lamiaceae = Malva linnaei M.F.Ray = Lavandula angustifolia Mill. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3A

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 275 Ledebouria cooperi (Hook. f.) Jessop Lemmaphyllum microphyllum C.Presl Leontopodium palibinianum Beauverd Liliaceae Polypodiaceae Asteraceae See: Scilla adlamii Baker L. Leonurus artemisia (Lour.) S.Y.Hu ◆ Weed - 3 Lemnaceae Lamiaceae Ledebouria luteola Jessop. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed Liliaceae Lemurophoenix halleuxii J.Dransfield Leonurus cardiaca L. Ledebouria socialis (Baker) Jessop Arecaceae Lamiaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Lens culinaris Medik. See: Scilla violacea Hutch. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leonurus glaucescens Bunge ◆ Weed See: Ervum lens L., Lens esculenta Lamiaceae Ledebouria undulata (Jacq.) Jessop Moench Leonurus indicus L. Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Lamiaceae Ledebouria violacea (Hutchinson) Lens esculenta Moench = Leucas lavandulaefolia J.E.Sm. W.L.Tjaden Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N Liliaceae = Lens culinaris Medik. Leonurus japonicus Houtt. Ledum columbianum Piper Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing Lamiaceae Ericaceae Agaricaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 = Rhododendron X columbianum Leocereus bahiensis Britton & Rose Leonurus marrubiastrum L. (Piper) Harmaja Cactaceae Lamiaceae Ledum glandulosum Nutt. = Chaiturus marrubiastrum (L.) Rchb. Leonotis cardiaca L. Ericaceae ◆ Weed Lamiaceae See: Ledum columbianum Piper ◆ Weed Leonurus quinquelobatus Usteri Ledum palustre L. Lamiaceae Leonotis dysophylla Benth. Ericaceae Lamiaceae Leonurus sibiricus L. ◆ Weed - 2 Lamiaceae Leonotis leonurus (L.) R.Br. Leea coccinea Planch. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Lamiaceae L Leeaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A (L.) Parl. Leea crispa D.Royen ex L. Liliaceae Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Leeaceae = comosum (L.) Mill. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Leea guineensis G.Don ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Leeaceae Lepechinia calycina (Benth.) Epling Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm. f.) Iwarsson Lamiaceae (L.) Sw. Lamiaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed Lepechinia caulescens (Ortega) Epling ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Lamiaceae Leontochir ovallei Phil. ◆ Weed Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix Liliaceae Campanulaceae Lepechinia chamaedryoides (Balb.) Leontodon hirtus L. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Epling Asteraceae Lamiaceae gracile (C.T.White) Paul ◆ Weed - 1 G.Wilson Lepechinia floribunda (Benth.) Epling Leontodon saxatilis Lam. Rutaceae Lamiaceae Asteraceae Leiophyllum buxifolium (P.J.Bergius) = Leontodon taraxacoides (Vill.) Lepechinia hastata (Gray) Epling Elliott Mérat Lamiaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed - 1A Lepechinia salviae (Lindl.) Epling Lemaireocereus marginatus (DC.) Leontodon taraxacoides (Vill.) Merat Lamiaceae A.Berger Asteraceae Lepianthes peltata (L.) Raf. Cactaceae See: Leontodon saxatilis Lam. Piperaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 Lemaireocereus thurberi (Engelm.) See: Piper umbellatum L. Britton & Rose Leontodon L. Lepidium africanum (Burm. f.) DC. Cactaceae Asteraceae Brassicaceae = Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) = Taraxacum officinale aggregate ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Buxb. F.H.Wigg. Lepidium aucheri Boiss. Lemboglossum cervantesii (La Llave Leontopodium alpinum Cass. Brassicaceae & Lexarza) F.Halbinger Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Lepidium bonariense L. Lembotropis nigricans (L.) Griseb. Leontopodium leontopodioides Brassicaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae (Willd.) Beauverd ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Asteraceae ◆ Weed

276 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Lepidium campestre (L.) R.Br. Lepidothamnus laxifolius (J.D.Hook.) Lepismium paranganiense (Cárdenas) Brassicaceae C.J.Quinn Barthlott ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Podocarpaceae Cactaceae See: Rhipsalis paranganiensis Lepidium didymum L. Lepironia articulata Domin. (Cárdenas) Kimnach Brassicaceae Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - Nn Lepismium warmingianum (Schumann) Barthlott Lepidium draba L. Lepisanthes amoena (Hassk.) Leenh. Cactaceae Brassicaceae Sapindaceae See: Rhipsalis linearis K.Schum., See: Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. Lepismium aculeatum (F.A.C.Weber) Rhipsalis warmingiana K.Sch. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Barthlott & N.P.Taylor Lepisorus tosaensis (Makino) H.Ito Lepidium eckloni Schrad. ex Regel Cactaceae Polypodiaceae Brassicaceae Lepismium bolivianum (Britton) ◆ Weed - N Leptarrhena pyrolifolia (D.Don) Ser. Barthlott Saxifragaceae Lepidium englerianum (Muschler) Cactaceae Al-Shehbaz See: Rhipsalis boliviana (Britton) dioica Hook. f. Brassicaceae Lauterb. ex Buchtien Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N Lepismium brevispinum Barthlott Leptinella pusilla Hook. f. Lepidium heterophyllum Benth. Cactaceae Asteraceae Brassicaceae Lepismium crenatum (Britton) Barthlott Leptinella pyrethrifolia (Hook. f.) ◆ Weed - N Cactaceae D.G.Lloyd & C.J.Webb Lepidium hyssopifolium Desv. Asteraceae Lepismium cruciforme (Vell.) Miq. Brassicaceae Cactaceae Leptinella squalida Hook. f. ◆ Weed - Nn Asteraceae Lepismium dissimile Lindberg L. ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae Brassicaceae = Rhipsalis dissimilis (Lindb.) K.Sch. Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wilson ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Bryaceae Lepismium houlletianum (Lem.) Lepidium meyenii Walp. L Barthlott Leptocarpus chilensis Mast. Brassicaceae Cactaceae Restionaceae Lepidium oleraceum Forst. See: Rhipsalis houlletiana Lem. Leptocereus grantianus Britton Brassicaceae Lepismium ianthothele (Monville) Cactaceae Lepidium perfoliatum L. W.Barthlott Leptocereus paniculatus (Lam.) Brassicaceae Cactaceae D.R.Hunt ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3A See: Pfeiffera ianthothele (Monv.) Cactaceae F.A.C.Weber Lepidium pubescens Desv. decipiens (R.Br.) Stapf Brassicaceae Lepismium incachacanum (Cárdenas) ex Maiden = Lepidium strictum (S.Watson) Barthlott Poaceae Rattan Cactaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - 2A - 3A See: Rhipsalis incachacana Cárdenas Leptochloa digitata (R.Br.) Domin Lepidium ruderale L. Lepismium lorentzianum (Griseb.) Poaceae Brassicaceae Barthlott ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Cactaceae Leptochloa dubia (Kunth) Nees Lepidium sativum L. Lepismium lumbricoides (Lem.) Barthlott Poaceae Brassicaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Lepismium micranthum (Vaupel) Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth Lepidium squamatum Forssk. Barthlott Poaceae Brassicaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 3 = Coronopus squamatus (Forssk.) Lepismium miyagawae (Barthlott Asch. Leptochloa mucronata auct. & Rauh) Barthlott ◆ Weed Poaceae Cactaceae = Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi Lepidium strictum (S.Watson) Rattan Lepismium monacanthum (Griseb.) ssp. brachiata (Steud.) N.Snow Brassicaceae Barthl. ◆ Weed - 3 See: Lepidium pubescens Desv. Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi See: Rhipsalis monacantha Griseb. Poaceae Lepidium virginicum L. Lepismium paradoxum Salm-Dyck See: Leptochloa mucronata auct. Brassicaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 = Rhipsalis paradoxa Salm-Dyck Leptodermis potanini Batalin Lepidothamnus fonkii Phil. Rubiaceae Podocarpaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 277 Leptolepia novae-zelandiae (Colenso) Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim. Leucadendron cryptocephalum Mett. ex Diels Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Guthrie Dennstaedtiaceae = Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Proteaceae ◆ Weed Makino Leucadendron daphnoides (Thunb) ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Leptomeria billardieri R.Br. Meissner Santalaceae Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Hook. & Arn. Proteaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leptopteris hymenophylloides See: Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Leucadendron decurrens R.Br. (A.Rich.) Pr. Schindl. Proteaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 Leucadendron discolor E.Phillips Leptopteris superba (Colenso) C.Presl Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.) Nakai & Hutch. Osmundaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Proteaceae Leptosema aphyllum (Hook.) Crisp ◆ Weed - 1 Leucadendron discolor P.J.Bergius X Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britton Leucadendron salignum E.Phillips & Hutch. erubescens Schauer Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Proteaceae Myrtaceae Lesquerella rubicundula Rollins ◆ Weed - Nn Brassicaceae Leucadendron dregei E.Mey. ex Meisn. Proteaceae Leptospermum laevigatum (Gaertn.) Lessertia capitata E.Meyer F.Müell. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leucadendron dubium (Buek ex Meisn.) Myrtaceae Phill. & Hutch. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Lessertia diffusa R.Br. Proteaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leptospermum lanigerum (Sol. Leucadendron elimense Phillips ex Aiton) Sm. Lessertia excisa DC. Proteaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Myrtaceae Leucadendron eucalyptifolium H.Buek ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 Lessertia frutescens (L.) Goldblatt ex Meisn. & J.C.Manning Leptospermum petersonii F.M.Bailey Proteaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Myrtaceae See: Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) Leucadendron flexuosum I.Williams L ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A R.Br. Proteaceae Leptospermum rotundifolium (Maiden ◆ Weed - N Leucadendron floridum R.Br. & Betche) F.Rodway ex Cheel Lessertia incana Schinz Proteaceae Myrtaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Leucadendron galpinii E.Phillips Lessertia perennans (Jacq.) DC. & Hutch. Leptospermum scoparium J.R.Forst. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Proteaceae & G.Forst. Myrtaceae Lessertia tomentosa DC. Leucadendron gandogeri Schinz ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ex Gandoger Proteaceae Leptotes bicolor Lindl. Leucadendron adscendens R.Br. Orchidaceae Proteaceae Leucadendron glaberrimum (Schltr.) Compton Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. Leucadendron album (Thunb.) Fourc. Proteaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Proteaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Leucadendron arcuatum (Lam.) Leucadendron grandiflorum (Salisb.) R.Br. Lespedeza capitata Michx. I.Williams Proteaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Proteaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Leucadendron argenteum (L.) R.Br. Leucadendron gydoense I.Williams Proteaceae Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.Cours.) Proteaceae ◆ G.Don Weed Leucadendron lanigerum H.Buek Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leucadendron brunioides Meisn. ex Meisn. See: Lespedeza sericea Miq., Proteaceae Proteaceae nom. illeg. Leucadendron laureolum (Lam.) Fourc. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Leucadendron chamelaea (Lam.) I.Williams Proteaceae Lespedeza floribunda Bunge Proteaceae Leucadendron laxum Williams Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leucadendron comosum (Thunb.) R.Br. Proteaceae Lespedeza juncea (L. f.) Pers. Proteaceae Leucadendron levisanus Berg. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leucadendron conicum (Lam.) Proteaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 I.Williams Leucadendron linifolium R.Br. Lespedeza sericea Miq. nom. illeg. Proteaceae Proteaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leucadendron coniferum Sieber = Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.Cours.) Leucadendron loeriense I.Williams ex Meissn. G.Don Proteaceae Proteaceae

278 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Leucadendron loranthifolium (Salisb. Leucadendron uliginosum R.Br. Leucanthemum maximum (Ramond) DC. ex Knight) I.Williams Proteaceae Asteraceae Proteaceae See: Chrysanthemum maximum Leucadendron venosum R.Br. Ramond Leucadendron macowanii Phillips Proteaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Proteaceae Leucadendron xanthoconus K.Schum. Leucanthemum maximum (Ramond) Leucadendron meridianum Salter Proteaceae DC. X Leucanthemum lacustre ex I.Williams Leucaena collinsii Britton & Rose (Brot.) Samp. Proteaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Asteraceae Leucadendron microcephalum (Gand.) Leucaena diversifolia (Schltdl.) Benth. Leucanthemum paludosum (Poir.) Gand. & Schinz Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Bonnet & Barratte Proteaceae ◆ Weed Asteraceae Leucadendron modestum I.Williams ◆ Weed - 2 Leucaena glauca auct. Proteaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leucanthemum X superbum Leucadendron muirii Phillips = (Lam.) (J.W.Ingram) Berg. ex Kent. Proteaceae de Wit Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 = Leucanthemum lacustre (Brot.) Leucadendron nervosum Phill. & Hutch. Samp. X Leucanthemum maximum Proteaceae Leucaena lanceolata S.Watson (Raymond) DC. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leucadendron nobile I.Williams ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Proteaceae Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit. Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leucadendron orientale I.J.M.Williams Asteraceae See: Acacia leucocephala Bert., Proteaceae See: Chrysanthemum Leucaena glauca auct. leucanthemum L. Leucadendron platyspermum R.Br. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Proteaceae Leucaena macrophylla Benth. Leucanthemum weyrichii Maxim. Leucadendron procerum (Salisb. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Asteraceae ex Knight) I.Williams Leucaena pulverulenta (Schltdl.) Benth. Proteaceae Leucas cephalotes Spreng. L Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Lamiaceae Leucadendron pubescens R.Br. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N Proteaceae Leucaena retusa Benth. Leucas ciliata Benth. Leucadendron rourkei I.J.M.Williams Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Lamiaceae Proteaceae Leucaena shannoni Donn.Sm. ◆ Weed Leucadendron rubrum Burm. f. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leucas decemdentata (Willd.) Sm. Proteaceae Leucaena trichodes (Jacq.) Benth. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Leucadendron salicifolium (Salisb.) ◆ Weed Leucas lavandulaefolia J.E.Sm. I.Williams Leucanthemopsis alpina (L.) Heywood Lamiaceae Proteaceae Asteraceae See: See: Leonurus indicus L., Leucadendron salignum P.J.Bergius See: Chrysanthemum alpinum L. Leucas linifolia (Roth) Spreng. Proteaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Leucanthemum atratum (Jacq.) DC. Leucadendron sessile R.Br. Asteraceae Leucas linifolia (Roth) Spreng. Proteaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Lamiaceae = Leucas lavandulaefolia J.E.Sm. Leucadendron spissifolium (Salisb Leucanthemum catananche (Ball) ◆ Weed - 1A ex Knight) Williams Maire Proteaceae Asteraceae Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R.Br. Lamiaceae Leucadendron stelligerum I.Williams Leucanthemum gayanum (Cosson ◆ Weed - N - 3 Proteaceae & Durieu) Maire Asteraceae Leucas zeylanica R.Br. Leucadendron strobilinum Druce Lamiaceae Proteaceae Leucanthemum hosmariense Font Quer ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Asteraceae Leucadendron teretifolium (Andrews) = Rhodanthemum hosmariense Leuchtenbergia principis Hook. I.Williams (Ball) B.H.Wilcox, K.Bremer & Cactaceae Proteaceae C.J.Humphries Leucobryum candidum (P.Beauv.) Wils. Leucadendron thymifolium (Salisb. Leucanthemum lacustre (Brot.) Samp. Leucobryaceae ex Knight) I.Williams Asteraceae Proteaceae Leucocoryne coquimbensis F.Phil. See: Chrysanthemum lacustre Brot. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Leucadendron tinctum I.Williams ◆ Weed - 2 Proteaceae Leucocoryne ixioides (Hook.) Lindl. Alliaceae - Liliaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 279 Leucocoryne purpurea G.Gay Leucospermum cordifolium (Salisb. Leucothoe axillaris (Lam.) D.Don Alliaceae - Liliaceae ex Knight) Fourc. X Leucospermum Ericaceae tottum R.Br. See: Leucothoe catesbaei (Walter) Leucogenes grandiceps (Hook. f.) Proteaceae A.Gray Beauverd ◆ Weed - 2 Asteraceae Leucospermum cuneiforme (Burm. f.) Rourke Leucothoe catesbaei (Walter) A.Gray Leucojum aestivum L. Proteaceae Ericaceae Amaryllidaceae = Leucothoe axillaris (Lam.) D.Don ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Leucospermum erubescens Rourke Leucojum autumnale L. Proteaceae Leucothoe davisiae Torr. ex A.Gray Ericaceae Amaryllidaceae Leucospermum formosum (Andrews) = Acis autumnalis (L.) Herb. Sweet Leucothoe fontanesiana (Steud.) ◆ Weed Proteaceae Sleumer Ericaceae Leucojum nicaeense Ardoino Leucospermum glabrum Phillips Amaryllidaceae Proteaceae Leucothoe grayana Maxim. Ericaceae Leucojum tingitanum Baker Leucospermum glabrum Phillips Amaryllidaceae X Leucospermum tottum R.Br. Leucothoe keiskei Miq. = Acis tingitana (Baker) Lledó, Proteaceae Ericaceae A.P.Davis & M.B.Crespo Leucospermum grandiflorum R.Br. Leucothoe racemosa (L.) A.Gray Leucojum trichophyllum Schousb. Proteaceae Ericaceae Amaryllidaceae = Acis trichophyllum (Schousb.) Leucospermum Leucothoe recurva (Buckley) A.Gray Sweet hypophyllocarpodendron (L.) Druce Ericaceae Proteaceae Leucojum vernum L. Leucothoe walteri N.C.Melvin, Amaryllidaceae Leucospermum lineare R.Br. nom. illeg. ◆ Weed - 2 Proteaceae Ericaceae = Agarista populifolia (Lam.) Judd Leucophae candicans (Aiton) Webb Leucospermum muirii Phillips & Berthel. Proteaceae Levisticum officinale W.D.J.Koch L Lamiaceae Apiaceae Leucospermum mundii Meisn. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Leucophyllum frutescens (Berland.) Proteaceae I.M.Johnst. Lewisia brachycalyx Engelm. ex A.Gray Leucospermum nutans R.Br. Scrophulariaceae Portulacaceae Proteaceae Leucophyta brownii Cass. Lewisia columbiana (Howell ex A.Gray) Leucospermum oleaefolium R.Br. Asteraceae B.L.Rob. Proteaceae Portulacaceae Leucopogon malayanus Jack Leucospermum patersonii Phillips Epacridaceae Lewisia cotyledon (S.Watson) B.L.Rob. Proteaceae Leucospermum album Bond Portulacaceae Leucospermum praecox Rourke Proteaceae Lewisia longipetala (Piper) S.Clay Proteaceae Leucospermum bolusii E.Phillips Portulacaceae Leucospermum prostratum Stapf Proteaceae Lewisia nevadensis (A.Gray) Robins. Proteaceae Leucospermum catherinae Compton Portulacaceae Leucospermum reflexum H.Buek Proteaceae Lewisia pygmaea (A.Gray) Robins. ex Meisn. Portulacaceae Leucospermum conocarpodendron (L.) Proteaceae H.St.John Lewisia rediviva Pursh Leucospermum rodolentum (Salisb.) Proteaceae Portulacaceae Rourke Leucospermum conocarpodendron (L.) Proteaceae Lewisia tweedyi (A.Gray) B.L.Rob. H.St. John X Leucospermum Portulacaceae glabrum Phillips Leucospermum saxosum S.Moore Proteaceae Proteaceae Leycesteria crocothyrsos Airy Shaw Caprifoliaceae Leucospermum cordifolium (Salisb. Leucospermum tottum R.Br. ex Knight) Fourc. Proteaceae Leycesteria formosa Wall. Proteaceae Caprifoliaceae Leucospermum vestitum (Lam.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Leucospermum cordifolium (Salisb. Rourke ex Knight) Fourc. X Leucospermum Proteaceae Leymus angustus (Trin.) Pilg. lineare R.Br. Poaceae Leucostegia immersa C.Presl Proteaceae See: Elymus angustus Trin. Davalliaceae ◆ Weed Leucospermum cordifolium (Salisb. Leucostegia pallida (Mett.) Copel. ex Knight) Fourc. X Leucospermum Davalliaceae patersonii Phillips Proteaceae

280 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst. sessiliflora (Poeppig) Skottsb. nauroannii Burret Poaceae Iridaceae Arecaceae See: Elymus arenarius L. See: Libertia caerulescens Kunth Licuala orbicularis Becc. ◆ Weed - N - 2 Libocedrus arfakensis Gibbs Arecaceae Leymus condensatus (J.Presl) A.Love Cupressaceae Licuala paludosa Griff. Poaceae Libocedrus bidwillii Hook. f. Arecaceae See: Elymus condensatus J.Presl Cupressaceae Licuala parviflora Dammer ex Becc. Leymus multicaulis (Kar. & Kir.) Tzvelev Libocedrus chilensis (D.Don) Endl. Arecaceae Poaceae Cupressaceae See: Elymus multicaulis Kar. & Kir. Licuala peekelii Lauterb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Libocedrus decurrens Torr. Arecaceae Cupressaceae Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev Licuala peltata Roxb. = Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin Poaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed See: Elymus giganteus Vahl, Elymus Licuala pumila Blume ex Schult. sabulosus M.Bieb. Libocedrus doniana (Hook.) Endl. & Schult. f. ◆ Weed Cupressaceae Arecaceae Leymus triticoides (Buckley) Pilg. Libocedrus plumosa (D.Don) Sarg. Licuala radula Gagnep. Poaceae Cupressaceae Arecaceae See: Elymus triticoides Buckley Licuala aurantiaca D.R.Hodel ◆ Weed Licuala rumphii Blume Arecaceae Arecaceae Lhotzkya alpestris Druce Licuala bayana Saw. Licuala sarawakensis Becc. Myrtaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Liatris aspera Michx. Licuala beccariana Furtado Licuala spinosa Thunb. Asteraceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Liatris graminifolia (Walter) Willd. Licuala bidentata Becc. Licuala triphylla Griff. Asteraceae Arecaceae = Liatris pilosa (Aiton) Willd. Arecaceae Licuala borneensis Becc. See: Licuala filiformis D.R.Hodel L Liatris pilosa (Aiton) Willd. Arecaceae Asteraceae Lightfootia albens Spreng. ex A.DC. See: Liatris graminifolia (Walter) Licuala cordata Becc. Campanulaceae Arecaceae Willd. Ligularia alatipes Hand.-Mazz. Liatris punctata Hook. Licuala delicata D.R.Hodel Asteraceae Arecaceae Asteraceae Ligularia clivorum Maxim. ◆ Weed - 3 Licuala densiflora Becc. Asteraceae Arecaceae Liatris pycnostachya Michx. Ligularia cymbulifera (W.W.Sm.) Asteraceae Licuala distans Ridley Hand.-Mazz. Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. Arecaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Licuala filiformis D.R.Hodel Ligularia dentata (A.Gray) H.Hara Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. Arecaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae = Licuala triphylla Griff. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Licuala fordiana Becc. Ligularia hodgsonii Hook. f. Libertia caerulescens Kunth Arecaceae Asteraceae Iridaceae Licuala grandis (W.Bull) H.Wendl. Ligularia kaialpina Kitam. = Libertia sessiliflora (Poeppig) Arecaceae Asteraceae Skottsb. ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - 2 Ligularia przewalskii (Maxim.) Diels Licuala hirta D.R.Hodel Asteraceae Libertia chilensis Klotzsch Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Iridaceae Licuala khoonmengii Saw. Ligularia sachalinensis Nakai Libertia formosa Graham Arecaceae Asteraceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Licuala kunstleri Becc. Ligularia tangutica (Maxim.) Mattf. Arecaceae ex Rehder & Kobuski Libertia grandiflora (R.Br.) Sweet Asteraceae Licuala lauterbachii Dammer Iridaceae = Sinacalia tangutica (Maxim.) & K.Schum. ◆ Weed B.Nord. Arecaceae Libertia ixioides (G.Forst.) Spreng. Ligularia tussilaginea (Burman. f.) Licuala longipes Griff. Iridaceae Makino Arecaceae ◆ Weed Asteraceae = Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam. Libertia peregrinans Cockayne & Allan Licuala mattanensis Becc. ◆ Weed Iridaceae Arecaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 281 Ligularia veitchiana (Hemsl.) Greenm. Lour. Lilium cordatum (Thunb.) Koidz. Asteraceae Oleaceae Liliaceae See: Ligustrum chinense Carrière = Cardiocrinum cordatum (Thunb.) Ligusticum involucratum Franch. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5A Makino Apiaceae Ligustrum strongylophyllum Hemsl. Lilium davidii Duch. Ligusticum officinale (Makino) Kitag. Oleaceae Liliaceae Apiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Wallace Ligusticum porteri J.M.Coult. & Rose Ligustrum tschonoskii Decne. Liliaceae Apiaceae Oleaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Ligusticum scoticum L. ◆ Weed Lilium grayi S.Wats. Apiaceae Ligustrum undulatum Blume Liliaceae ◆ Weed Oleaceae Lilium henryi Baker Ligustrum acutissimum Koehne L. Liliaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Lilium X hollandicum Bergmans Ligustrum amurense Carrière ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 ex Woodcock & Stearn Oleaceae Ligustrum walkeri Decne. Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Oleaceae = Lilium bulbiferum L. X Lilium Ligustrum brachystachyum Decne. maculatum Thunb. Lilaea scilloides (Poir.) Hauman Oleaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Ligustrum chenaultii Hickel ◆ Weed - N - 1A Lilium humboldtii Roezl & Leichtlin Oleaceae Liliaceae Lilaeopsis brasiliensis (Glaz.) J.M.Affolter Ligustrum chinense Carrière Apiaceae Lilium X imperiale E.Wilson Oleaceae Liliaceae Lilium amoenum E.H.Wilson ex Sealy = Ligustrum sinense Lour. = Lilium regale E.Wilson X Lilium Liliaceae sargentiae E.Wilson Ligustrum compactum (Wall. ex G.Don) Lilium auratum Lindl. ◆ Weed - 2 Hook. f. & Thomson ex Brandis Liliaceae L Oleaceae Lilium japonicum Thunb. ◆ Weed Liliaceae Ligustrum delavayanum Har. Lilium aurelianense Debras Oleaceae Lilium kelleyanum Lemmon Liliaceae Liliaceae Ligustrum ibota Siebold Lilium brownii F.E.Br. ex Miellez Oleaceae Lilium kelloggii Purdy Liliaceae Liliaceae Ligustrum indicum (Lour.) Merr. Lilium bulbiferum L. Oleaceae Lilium lancifolium Thunb. Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 See: Lilium tigrinum Ker Gawl. Thunb. Lilium canadense L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Oleaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Lilium lankongense Franch. ◆ Weed Liliaceae W.T.Aiton Lilium canadense L. X Lilium grayi Oleaceae Lilium ledebourii (Baker) Boiss. S.Wats. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5A Liliaceae Liliaceae Ligustrum massalongianum Vis. = Lilium X pseudograyi Grove Lilium leichtlinii Hook. f. Oleaceae Liliaceae Lilium candidum L. Sieb. & Zucc. Liliaceae Lilium leucanthum (Baker) Baker Oleaceae ◆ Weed - 2A Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 - 5 Lilium carniolicum Bernh. ex W.D.J.Koch Lilium longiflorum Thunb. Hassk. Liliaceae Liliaceae Oleaceae ◆ Weed Lilium cernum Kom. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 4 - 5 Liliaceae Lilium mackliniae Sealy Carrière Liliaceae Lilium chalcedonicum L. Oleaceae Liliaceae Lilium maculatum Thunb. ◆ Weed - 1 Liliaceae Lilium columbianum C.A.Hanson Ligustrum rotundifolium nom. inval. ex Baker Lilium martagon L. Oleaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae = Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. ◆ Weed - 2 ‘Rotundifolium’ Lilium concolor Salisb. Liliaceae Lilium maximowiczii Regel Liliaceae ◆ Weed

282 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Lilium medeoloides A.Gray Lilium shastense (Eastw.) Beane angustifolium (Tausch) Turrill Liliaceae Liliaceae Plumbaginaceae = Lilium pardalinum Kellogg ◆ Weed Lilium michiganense Farw. Liliaceae Lilium speciosum Thunb. Limonium arborescens (Brouss.) Kuntze ◆ Weed - 2 Liliaceae Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed Lilium monadelphum M.Bieb. Lilium sulphureum Baker Liliaceae Liliaceae Limonium bellidifolium (Gouan) ◆ Weed - 2 Dumort. Lilium superbum L. Plumbaginaceae Lilium nepalense D.Don Liliaceae Liliaceae Limonium bellidifolium (Gouan) Lilium tenuifolium Fisch. ex Schrank Dumort. X Limonium latifolium Lilium nobilissimum Makino Liliaceae (Sm.) Kuntze Liliaceae = Lilium pumilum DC. Plumbaginaceae Lilium occidentale Purdy Lilium testaceum (Lindl.) Turrill Limonium binervosum (Sm.) Salmon Liliaceae Liliaceae Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed Lilium tigrinum Ker Gawl. ◆ Weed - N Lilium occidentale Purdy X Lilium Liliaceae Limonium brassicifolium (Webb pardalinum Kellogg = Lilium lancifolium Thunb. & Berthel.) Kuntze Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Plumbaginaceae Lilium pardalinum Kellogg Lilium vollmeri Eastw. Limonium caspium (Willd.) P.Fourn. Liliaceae Liliaceae Plumbaginaceae See: Lilium pitkinense Beane = Lilium pardalinum Kellogg ssp. & Vollmer, Lilium vollmeri Eastw., vollmeri (Eastw.) M.Skinner Limonium companyonis (Gren. Lilium shastense (Eastw.) Beane & Billot) Kuntze Lilium wardii W.W.Sm. Lilium parryi S.Watson Plumbaginaceae Liliaceae ◆ Liliaceae Weed - N - 1A Lilium washingtonianum Kellogg Limonium cosyrense (Guss.) O.Kuntze Lilium parvum Kellogg Liliaceae Liliaceae Plumbaginaceae L Lilium willmottiae E.H.Wilson Limonium dictyocladum O.Kuntze Lilium philadelphicum L. Liliaceae Liliaceae Plumbaginaceae Lilium wilsonii Leichtlin ◆ Weed - 2 Limonium dodartii (Girard) O.Kuntze Liliaceae Lilium philippinense Baker Plumbaginaceae Limnanthes alba Hartw. ex Benth. Liliaceae Limonium eximium (Schrenk) Kuntze ◆ Limnanthaceae Weed Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed Lilium pitkinense Beane & Vollmer Limonium gerberi Soldano Limnanthes douglasii R.Br. Liliaceae Plumbaginaceae = Lilium pardalinum Kellogg ssp. Limnanthaceae pitkinense (Beane & Volmer) ◆ Weed - 2 Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze Plumbaginaceae M.Skinner Limnocharis aromatic (Lam.) Merr. Lilium polyphyllum D.Don Limnocharitaceae Limonium hyblaeum Brullo Plumbaginaceae Liliaceae Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Lilium pomponium L. Limnocharitaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 - 5 Limonium latifolium (Sm.) Kuntze ◆ Weed Plumbaginaceae Limnocharis humboldtii (Rich.) Endl. ◆ Weed - 2 Lilium pumilum DC. Limnocharitaceae Liliaceae = (Humb. Limonium lobatum (L. f.) Kuntze See: Lilium tenuifolium Fisch. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Buch. Plumbaginaceae ex Schrank See: Limonium thouinii (Voiv.) Kuntze Limnophila aquatica (Roxb.) Alston ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Scrophulariaceae Lilium pyrenaicum Gouan Limonium macrophyllum (Brouss. Limnophila heterophylla Benth. Liliaceae ex Spreng.) Kuntze Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Lilium regale E.H.Wilson Limonium malacitanum Díez Garretas Limonia acidissima L. Liliaceae Plumbaginaceae Rutaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Limonium myrianthum (Schrenk) Lilium rubellum Baker Kuntze Limonium anfractum (Salmon) Salmon Liliaceae Plumbaginaceae Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed - N Lilium sargentiae E.H.Wilson Liliaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 283 Limonium otolepis (Schrenk) Kuntze Linaria anticaria Boiss. & Reuter Lindera citriodora (Sieb. & Zucc.) Plumbaginaceae Scrophulariaceae Hemsl. ◆ Weed - N - 2A ◆ Weed Lauraceae Limonium ovalifolium (Poiret) Linaria arvensis (L.) Desf. Lindera communis Hemsl. O.Kuntze Scrophulariaceae Lauraceae Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Lindera erythrocarpa Makino Limonium pectinatum (Aiton) Kuntze Linaria cymbalaria (L.) Mill. Lauraceae Plumbaginaceae Scrophulariaceae Lindera obtusiloba Blume = Cymbalaria muralis P.Gaertn., Limonium peregrinum (P.J.Bergius) Lauraceae B.Meyer & Schreb. R.A.Dyer ◆ Weed - 3 Lindera praecox (Sieb. & Zucc.) Blume Plumbaginaceae Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. Lauraceae Limonium perezii (Stapf) Hubb. Scrophulariaceae Lindera strychnifolia (Blume) Fern.-Vill. Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Lauraceae See: Statice perezii Stapf ◆ Weed - 5 ◆ Weed - 5 Linaria ficalhoana Rouy Scrophulariaceae Lindera triloba Blume Limonium platyphyllum Lincz. Lauraceae Plumbaginaceae Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. Scrophulariaceae Lindera umbellata Thunb. Limonium pruinosum (L.) O.Kuntze ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Lauraceae Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed Linaria grandiflora Desf. Lindernia ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Limonium purpuratum (L.) Hubbard ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 ex L.H.Bailey Linaria incarnata (Vent.) Spreng. Plumbaginaceae Scrophulariaceae Lindernia crustacea (L.) F.Müell. ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 Scrophulariaceae Limonium roseum Kuntze ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 Plumbaginaceae Linaria maroccana Hook. f. Scrophulariaceae Lindernia intrepida (Dinter ex Heil) Limonium sinense (Girard) Kuntze L ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3 Oberm. Plumbaginaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Linaria nigricans Lange Scrophulariaceae Lindernia ruellioides (Colsm.) Pennell Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Scrophulariaceae Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed See: Statice sinuata L. Linaria pelisseriana (L.) Mill. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Scrophulariaceae Lindheimera texana Gray & Engelm. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Asteraceae Limonium spectabile (Svent.) Kunkel & Sunding Linaria purpurea (L.) Mill. Lindsayomyrtus racemoides (Greves) Plumbaginaceae Scrophulariaceae Craven ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Myrtaceae Limonium suworowii (Regel) Kuntze Plumbaginaceae Linaria repens (L.) Mill. Lingnania chungii (McClure) McClure Scrophulariaceae Poaceae Limonium tataricum (L.) Mill. ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 See: Bambusa chungii McClure Plumbaginaceae Linaria reticulata (Sm.) Desf. Linnaea borealis L. Limonium thouinii (Voiv.) Kuntze Scrophulariaceae Linnaeaceae Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed = Limonium lobatum (L. f.) Kuntze Linaria supina (L.) Chaz. ◆ Weed - N longicruris (Becc.) Burret Scrophulariaceae Arecaceae Limonium vulgare P.Mill. ◆ Weed - 3 Plumbaginaceae Linum alpinum Jacq. Linaria triornithophora (L.) Willd. ◆ Weed Linaceae Scrophulariaceae Linanthus grandiflorus (Benth.) ◆ Weed Linum austriacum L. Greene Linaceae Linaria vulgaris Mill. Polemoniaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Linum bienne Mill. Linaria aeruginea (Gouan) Cav. Linaceae Lindelofia anchusoides (Lindl.) Lehm. Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Linum campanulatum L. Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. Linaria alpina (L.) Mill. Linaceae Lauraceae Scrophulariaceae Linum capitatum Kit. ex Schult. ◆ Weed - 2 Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume Linaceae Lauraceae ◆ Weed - 2

284 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Linum catharticum L. Liparis neoguineensis (Schltr.) Schltr. Liriope gigantea H.H.Hume Linaceae Orchidaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A = Ophiopogon jaburan (Siebold) Liparis rhodochila Rolfe G.Lodd. Linum flavum L. Orchidaceae Linaceae Liriope graminifolia (L.) Baker Liparis riparia J.J.Sm. ◆ Weed - Nn Liliaceae Orchidaceae Linum grandiflorum Desf. Liriope minor (Maxim.) Mak. Liparis spectabilis Schltr. Linaceae Liliaceae Orchidaceae See: Linum rubrum hort. Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H.Bailey ◆ Weed - 2 Liparis viridiflora (Blume) Lindl. Liliaceae Orchidaceae Linum hologynum Rchb. ◆ Weed Linaceae Lipochaeta acris Sherff Liriope platyphylla Wang & Tang ◆ Weed Asteraceae Liliaceae = Lipochaeta connata (Gaud.) DC. Linum marginale A.Cunn. ex Planch. var. acris (Sherff) R.C.Gardner Liriope spicata (Thunb.) Lour. Linaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Lipochaeta connata (Gaud.) DC. ◆ Weed - 1 Asteraceae Linum monogynum G.Forst. See: Lipochaeta acris Sherff Lisianthius laxiflorus Urban Linaceae Gentianaceae Lipochaeta lavarum (Gaud.) DC. Linum narbonense L. Asteraceae Lisianthius russellianus Hook. Linaceae Gentianaceae ◆ Weed Lipochaeta micrantha (Nutt.) A.Gray = Eustoma exaltatum (L.) Salisb. Asteraceae Linum perenne L. ex G.Don ssp. russellianum (Hook.) Linaceae Lipochaeta succulenta (Hook. & Arn.) Kartesz, comb. ined. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 DC. Litchi chinensis Sonn. Asteraceae Linum rubrum hort. Sapindaceae Linaceae Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton See: Nephelium litchi Cambess. = Linum grandiflorum Desf. & P.Wilson nom. illeg. L Verbenaceae Linum strictum L. Lithocarpus aggregatus Barnett ◆ Weed - N - 3 Linaceae Fagaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 Lippia chamaedrifolia Steud. Lithocarpus dealbatus Rehder Verbenaceae Linum suffruticosum L. Fagaceae Linaceae Lippia citriodora (Lam.) Kunth Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) ◆ Weed Verbenaceae Rehder = Aloysia triphylla (L’Hérit.) Britton Linum tenuifolium L. Fagaceae ◆ Linaceae Lippia dulcis Trevir. Weed - 3 ◆ Weed Verbenaceae Lithocarpus echinops Hjelmq. = Phyla dulcis (Trevir.) Moldenke Linum trigynum L. Fagaceae Linaceae Lippia graveolens Kunth Lithocarpus edulis (Makino) Nakai ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Verbenaceae Fagaceae Linum usitatissimum L. Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. Lithocarpus elegans (Blume) Hatusima Linaceae Verbenaceae ex Soepadmo ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 = (L.) Greene Fagaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Liparia splendens (Burm. f.) Bos Lithocarpus fenestratus (Roxb.) Rehder & De Wit Liquidambar formosana Hance Fagaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Hamamelidaceae Lithocarpus glaber (Thunb.) Nakai Liparis bootanensis Griff. Liquidambar orientalis Mill. Fagaceae Orchidaceae Hamamelidaceae Lithocarpus hancei (Benth.) Rehder Liparis bowkeri Harv. Liquidambar styraciflua L. Fagaceae Orchidaceae Hamamelidaceae Lithocarpus harlandii (Hance) Rehder ◆ Weed - 3 Liparis caespitosa (Thouars) Lindl. Fagaceae Orchidaceae Liquidambar taiwaniana Hance Lithocarpus leucostachyus A.Camus Hamamelidaceae Liparis compressa (Blume) Lindl. Fagaceae Orchidaceae Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg. Lithocarpus pachyphylloides Y.C.Hsu, Magnoliaceae Liparis condylobulbon Reichb. f. B.S.Sun & H.J.Qian Orchidaceae Liriodendron tulipifera L. Fagaceae Magnoliaceae Liparis genychila Schltr. Lithocarpus paniculatus H.-M. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Orchidaceae Fagaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 285 Lithocarpus polystachya Rehder Lithops julii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. Lithospermum officinale L. Fagaceae Aizoaceae Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Lithocarpus spicata Rehder Lithops karasmontana (Dinter & E.H.Wilson & Schwantes) N.E.Br. Lithospermum prostratum Lois. Fagaceae Aizoaceae Boraginaceae Lithocarpus truncatus (King ex Hook. Lithops lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum L. f.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson Aizoaceae Boraginaceae Fagaceae = Buglossoides purpurocaerulea (L.) Lithops localis (N.E.Br.) Schwantes I.M.Johnst. Lithodora diffusa (Lag.) I.M.Johnst. Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Boraginaceae Lithops marmorata (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - 2 Lithraea caustica Hook. & Arn. Aizoaceae Anacardiaceae Lithodora rosmarinifolia (Ten.) Lithops meyeri L.Bolus J.M.Johnst. Lithrea molleoides (Vell.) Engl. Aizoaceae Boraginaceae Anacardiaceae Lithops naureeniae D.T.Cole ◆ Weed Lithops aucampiae L.Bolus Aizoaceae Aizoaceae Litsea chunii W.C.Cheng Lithops olivacea L.Bolus Lauraceae Lithops bella N.E.Br. Aizoaceae Aizoaceae Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. Lithops optica (Marloth) N.E.Br. Lauraceae Lithops bromfieldii L.Bolus Aizoaceae ◆ Weed Aizoaceae Lithops otzeniana G.C.Nel Litsea japonica (Thunb.) Juss. Lithops coleorum S.A.Hammer & R.Uijs Aizoaceae Lauraceae Aizoaceae Lithops pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) Littonia modesta Hook. f. Lithops comptonii L.Bolus N.E.Br. Liliaceae Aizoaceae Aizoaceae australis (R.Br.) Mart. Lithops dinteri Schwantes Lithops ruschiorum (Dinter Arecaceae L Aizoaceae & Schwantes) N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - Nn Lithops divergens L.Bol Aizoaceae Livistona carinensis (Chiov.) J.Drans. Aizoaceae Lithops salicola L.Bolus & N.W.Uhl Lithops dorotheae G.C.Nel Aizoaceae Arecaceae Aizoaceae Lithops schwantesii Dinter Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R.Br. Lithops erniana Tisch. ex Jacobsen Aizoaceae ex Mart. Aizoaceae Arecaceae Lithops steineckeana Tisch. ◆ Weed - 1 Lithops francisci (Dinter & Schwantes) Aizoaceae N.E.Br. Livistona jenkinsiana Griff. Lithops terricolor N.E.Br. Aizoaceae Arecaceae Aizoaceae Lithops fulleri N.E.Br. Livistona merrillii Becc. Lithops turbiniformis (Haw.) N.E.Br. Aizoaceae Arecaceae Aizoaceae Lithops fulviceps N.E.Br. Livistona robinsoniana Becc. Lithops vallis-mariae (Dinter Aizoaceae Arecaceae & Schwantes) N.E.Br. Lithops gesinae de Boer Aizoaceae Livistona rotundifolia (Lam.) Mart. Aizoaceae Arecaceae Lithops verruculosa G.C.Nel ◆ Weed Lithops geyeri G.C.Nel Aizoaceae Aizoaceae Livistona saribus (Lour.) Merr. Lithops villetii L.Bol. ex A.Chev. Lithops gracilidelineata Dinter Aizoaceae Arecaceae Aizoaceae Lithops viridis H.Luckhoff ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Lithops hallii de Boer Aizoaceae Livistona speciosa Kurz Aizoaceae Lithops werneri Schwant. & Jacobs. Arecaceae Lithops helmutii L.Bol Aizoaceae Livistona woodfordii Ridley Aizoaceae Lithospermum arvense L. Arecaceae Lithops hermetica D.T.Cole Boraginaceae Llavea cordifolia Lag. Aizoaceae = Buglossoides arvensis (L.) Pteridaceae I.M.Johnst. Lithops herrei L.Bolus ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Lobelia aberdarica R.E.Fr. & T.C.E.Fr. Aizoaceae Campanulaceae Lithospermum diffusum Lag. Lithops hookeri Schwantes Boraginaceae Aizoaceae

286 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Lobelia cardinalis L. Lobelia splendens Willd. Lobivia hertrichiana Backeb. Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Cactaceae See: Lobelia fulgens Willd. = Echinopsis hertrichiana (Backeb.) Lobelia telekii Schweinf. ex Engl. ◆ Weed D.R.Hunt Campanulaceae Lobelia chinensis Lour. Lobivia jajoiana Backeb. Lobelia tupa L. Campanulaceae Cactaceae Campanulaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 = Echinopsis marsoneri Lobelia valida L.Bolus Werdermann Lobelia comosa Cav. Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Lobivia leucomalla Wessner = Siphocampylus comosus Lobivia aculeata Buining Cactaceae (Cavanilles) G.Don Cactaceae Lobivia oligotricha Cárdenas = Echinopsis pentlandii Salm-Dyck Lobelia decipiens Sond. Cactaceae Campanulaceae Lobivia allegraiana Backeb. Lobivia peclardiana Krainz Cactaceae Lobelia erinus L. Cactaceae = Echinopsis hertrichiana (Backeb.) Campanulaceae = Echinopsis tiegeliana (Wessner) D.R.Hunt ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A D.R.Hunt Lobivia arachnacantha Buining Lobelia excelsa Bonpl. Lobivia pentlandii (Salm-Dyck) Britton & F.Ritter Campanulaceae & Rose Cactaceae Cactaceae Lobelia fulgens Willd. = Echinopsis arachnacantha = Echinopsis pentlandii Salm-Dyck Campanulaceae (Buining & F.Ritter) H.Friedrich = Lobelia cardinalis L. Lobivia silvestrii (Speg.) Rowley Lobivia atrovirens Backbg. Cactaceae Lobelia X gerardii Sauv. Cactaceae = Echinopsis chamaecereus Campanulaceae Lobivia aurea (Britton & Rose) Backeb. Friedrich & G.Rowley = Lobelia cardinais L. X Lobelia Cactaceae siphilitica L. Lobivia steinmannii (Solms-Laub.) = Echinopsis aurea Britton & Rose ◆ Weed Backeb. Lobivia backebergii (Werdermann) Cactaceae Lobelia gibberoa Hemsl. L Backeb. Campanulaceae Lobivia uitewaaleana Buining Cactaceae Cactaceae Lobelia inflata L. = Echinopsis backebergii Werderm. = Echinopsis marsoneri Werdermann Campanulaceae Lobivia boliviensis Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 Lobivia wrightiana Backeb. Cactaceae Cactaceae Lobelia keniensis R.E.Fries & T.C.E.Fr. = Echinopsis pentlandii Salm-Dyck = Echinopsis backebergii Werderm. Campanulaceae Lobivia caespitosa (J.A.Purpus) Britton Lobostemon fruticosus (L.) H.Buek Lobelia laxiflora Kunth & Rose Boraginaceae Campanulaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A = Echinopsis maximiliana Heyder Lobularia intermedia Webb & Berth. Brassicaceae Lobelia linarioides A.DC. Lobivia chilensis K.Knize Campanulaceae Cactaceae Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. Brassicaceae Lobelia linnaeoides Petrie Lobivia chrysantha (Werderm.) See: Alyssum maritimum (L.) Lam. Campanulaceae Backeb. in Backeb. & F.M.Knuth ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Cactaceae Lobelia lutea L. = Echinopsis chrysantha Werderm. Lockhartia acuta (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Campanulaceae Orchidaceae Lobivia drijveriana Backeb. Lobelia patula L. f. Lockhartia elegans Hook. Cactaceae Campanulaceae Orchidaceae = Echinopsis haematantha (Speg.) Lobelia polyphylla Hook. & Arn. J.G.Lambert Lockhartia micrantha Rchb. f. Campanulaceae Orchidaceae Lobivia famatimensis (Spegazzini) Lobelia salicifolia Fisch. ex Trautv. Brown & R. Lockhartia oerstedii Rchb. f. Campanulaceae Cactaceae Orchidaceae = Rebutia famatinensis Speg. Lobelia sessilifolia Lamb. Lockhartia pittieri Schltr. ex Hosseus Campanulaceae Orchidaceae Lobivia ferox Britton & Rose Lobelia siphilitica L. Lodoicea maldivica (J.F.Gmel.) Pers. Cactaceae Campanulaceae Arecaceae = Echinopsis ferox (Britton & Rose) ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed Backeb. Lobelia X speciosa Sweet. Logfia gallica (L.) Cosson & Germ. Lobivia glauca Rausch Campanulaceae Asteraceae Cactaceae = Lobelia cardinalis L. X Lobelia See: Filago gallica L. = Echinopsis marsoneri Werdermann splendens Willd. X Lobelia siphilitica L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 287 Loiseleuria procumbens (L.) Desv. Lomatium dasycarpum (Torr. Lonicera chrysantha Turcz. ex Ledeb. Ericaceae & A.Gray) J.Coulter & Rose Caprifoliaceae Apiaceae ◆ Weed Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh. Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias Lonicera ciliata Muhl. Poaceae & Constance Caprifoliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 Apiaceae Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ◆ Weed Lolium giganteum (L.) S.J.Darbyshire Caprifoliaceae Poaceae Lonas annua (L.) Vines & Druce Lonicera confusa DC. See: Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill. Asteraceae Caprifoliaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Lonicera discolor Lindl. Lolium X hubbardii Jansen & Wacht. Lonas inodora (L.) Gaertn. Caprifoliaceae ex B.K.Simon Asteraceae Poaceae Lonicera etrusca Santi Lonchitis hirsuta L. = Lolium multiflorum Lam. X Lolium Caprifoliaceae Dennstaedtiaceae rigidum Gaud. ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - N - 1A Lonchocarpus bussei Harms Lonicera ferdinandii Franch. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lolium X hybridum Hausskn. Caprifoliaceae Poaceae Lonchocarpus capassa Rolfe Lonicera flava Sims = Lolium multiflorum Lam. X Lolium Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Caprifoliaceae perenne L. ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & Paxton Lonchocarpus punctatus Kunth Caprifoliaceae Lolium loliaceum (Bory & Chaub.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Hand.-Mazz. ◆ Weed Poaceae Lonicera gibbosa Willd. ex Roem. Lonicera alpigena L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A & Schult. Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae Lolium multiflorum Lam. ◆ Weed Poaceae Lonicera glehnii F.Schmidt Lonicera alseuosmoides Graebn. L ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae Lolium perenne L. ◆ Weed - 5 Lonicera gracilipes Miq. Poaceae Caprifoliaceae Lonicera altmannii Regel & Schmalh. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera X heckrottii Rehder Lolium perenne L. X Lolium Caprifoliaceae Lonicera X americana C.Koch multiflorum Kunth = Lonicera semperivens L. X Caprifoliaceae Poaceae Lonicera X americana C.Koch = Lonicera caprifolium L. X Lonicera ◆ Weed Lolium perenne L. X etrusca Santi Gaud. ◆ Weed - N Lonicera henryi Hemsl. Poaceae Caprifoliaceae Lonicera X amoena Zab. ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Caprifoliaceae Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh. Lonicera hildebrandiana Collett Lonicera arborea Boiss. Poaceae & Hemsl. Caprifoliaceae = Festuca pratensis Huds. Caprifoliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Lonicera X bella Zabel ◆ Weed Caprifoliaceae Lolium remotum Schrank Lonicera hirsuta Eaton = Lonicera morrowii A.Gray Poaceae Caprifoliaceae X Lonicera tatarica L. ◆ Weed - N - 3 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Lolium rigidum Gaudin Lonicera hispidula Dougl. ex Torr. Lonicera X brownii (Regel) Carrière Poaceae & Gray Caprifoliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Caprifoliaceae = Lonicera hirsuta Eaton X Lonicera L. sempervirens L. Lonicera implexa Aiton Poaceae Caprifoliaceae Lonicera caerulea L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera involucrata (Richardson) Lomaria lanceolata Spreng. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Banks ex Spreng. Blechnaceae Caprifoliaceae Lonicera canadensis Bartr. ex Marsh. See: Lonicera ledebourii Esch. Lomatia dentata (Ruiz & Pav.) R.Br. Caprifoliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Proteaceae Lonicera caprifolium L. Lonicera japonica Thunb. Lomatia ferruginea (Cav.) R.Br. Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae Proteaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 See: Lonicera purpurea nom. inval. Lomatia hirsuta (Lam.) Diels ex Macbr. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Proteaceae

288 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Lonicera korolkowii Stapf Lonicera pyrenaica L. Lophomyrtus bullata (Sol ex A.Cunn) Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae Burret ◆ Weed Myrtaceae Lonicera quinquelocularis Hardw. Lonicera ledebourii Esch. Caprifoliaceae Lophomyrtus obcordata (Raoul) Burret Caprifoliaceae Myrtaceae Lonicera reticulata Champ. ex Benth. = Lonicera involucrata (Richardson) Caprifoliaceae Lophomyrtus X ralphii (Hook. f.) Burret Banks ex Spreng. var. ledebourii ◆ Weed Myrtaceae (Eschsch.) Zabel = Lophomyrtus bullata (Sol. ex Lonicera rupicola Hook. f. & Thomson Lonicera ligustrina Wall. Cunn.) Burret. X Lophomyrtus Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae obcordata (Raoul) Burret See: Lonicera nitida E.H.Wilson Lonicera ruprechtiana Regel Lophophora diffusa (Croizat) Bravo Caprifoliaceae Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. Cactaceae ◆ Caprifoliaceae Weed Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm- ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Lonicera sempervirens L. Dyck) J.M.Coult. Caprifoliaceae Lonicera maximowiczii (Rupr. ex Cactaceae ◆ Maxim.) Maxim. Weed - 1 Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) Á.Löve Caprifoliaceae Lonicera spinosa Jacquem. ex Walp. Poaceae Caprifoliaceae Lonicera microphylla Willd. ex Schult. = Elytrigia pontica (Podp.) Holub Caprifoliaceae Lonicera standishii Jacques ◆ Weed - 1A Caprifoliaceae Lonicera X minutiflora Zabel Lophopyrum ponticum (Podp.) A.Love ◆ Weed - 1 Caprifoliaceae Poaceae = Lonicera morrowii A.Gray X Lonicera syringantha Maxim. = Elytrigia pontica (Podp.) Holub (Lonicera tatarica L. X Lonicera Caprifoliaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 xylosteum L.) ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Lophosoria quadripinnata (J.F.Gmel.) Lonicera tatarica L. C.Chr. Lonicera morrowii A.Gray Caprifoliaceae Lophosoriaceae Caprifoliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Lophospermum erubescens D.Don L Lonicera tellmanniana Meisn. Scrophulariaceae Lonicera X muendeniensis Rehder Caprifoliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera thibetica Bureau & Franch. Lophostemon confertus (R.Br.) Peter Lonicera nervosa Maxim. Caprifoliaceae G.Wilson & J.T.Waterh. Caprifoliaceae Myrtaceae Lonicera tragophylla Hemsl. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Lonicera nitida E.H.Wilson Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae Loropetalum chinense (R.Br.) Oliv. Lonicera trichosantha Bureau & Franch. = Lonicera ligustrina Wall. ssp. Hamamelidaceae Caprifoliaceae yunnanensis (Franch.) P.S.Hsu ◆ Weed & H.J.Wang ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Lotononis angolensis Welw. ex Baker Lonicera xylosteum L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lonicera nummulariifolia Jaub. & Spach Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Lotononis bainesii Baker Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lophanthera lactescens Ducke Lonicera orientalis Lam. ◆ Weed - N Caprifoliaceae Malpighiaceae Lotononis listii Polhill Lophocereus schottii (Engelm.) Britton Lonicera parvifolia Hayne Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Caprifoliaceae & Rose ◆ Weed Cactaceae Lonicera periclymenum L. = Pachycereus schottii (Engelm.) Lotononis marlothii Engl. Caprifoliaceae D.R.Hunt Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Lophochloa pumila (Desf.) Bor Lotononis minima B.-E.van Wyk Lonicera pileata Oliv. Poaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Caprifoliaceae = Rostraria pumila (Desf.) Tzvelev ◆ Weed - 2 Lotononis solitudinis Dummer Lophocolea semiteres (Lehm.) Mitt. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lonicera purpurea nom. inval. Lophocoleaceae Caprifoliaceae Lotononis subulata B.-E.van Wyk ◆ Weed - 5 = Lonicera japonica Thunb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ‘Purpurea’ Lophomyrtus bullata (Sol ex A.Cunn) Lotus angustissimus L. Burret X Lophomyrtus obcordata Lonicera X purpusii Rehder Leguminosae - Papilionaceae (Raoul) Burret Caprifoliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Myrtaceae = Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. = Lophomyrtus X ralphii (Hook. f.) Lotus arborescens Lowe ex Cout. & Pax. X Lonicera standishii Jacq. Burret Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 289 Lotus arenarius Brot. Lotus halophilus Boiss. & Spruner Lotus preslii Ten. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A Lotus argyrodes R.P.Murray Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lotus hillebrandii H.Christ Lotus purshianus Clem. & E.G.Clem. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lotus azoricus P.W.Ball = Lotus unifoliolatus (Hook.) Benth. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lotus hirsutus L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lotus pyranthus P.Pérez Lotus berthelotii Lowe ex Masf. = Dorycnium hirsutum (L.) Ser. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lotus hispidus Desf. ex DC. Lotus sessilifolius DC. Lotus broussonetii Ser. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Lotus parviflorus Desf. Lotus spartioides Webb & Berthel. ◆ Weed - 3 Lotus brunneri Webb Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lotus holosericeus Webb & Berthel. Lotus spectabilis Ser. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lotus callis-viridis Bramw. & D.Davis Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lotus jacobaeus L. Lotus suaveolens Pers. Lotus campylocladus Webb & Berthel. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Weed = Lotus subbiflorus Lag. Lotus collinus (Boiss.) Heldr. Lotus japonicus (Regel) K.Larsen ◆ Weed - 1A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lotus subbiflorus Lag. Lotus conimbricensis Brot. Lotus kunkelii (Esteve) Bramwell Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae & D.H.Davis See: Lotus suaveolens Pers. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Lotus conjugatus L. Lotus lancerottensis Webb & Berthel. Lotus tenuifolius (L.) Reichb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lotus corniculatus L. Lotus loweanus Webb & Berthel. Lotus tenuis Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae L ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 See: Lotus glaber Mill. Lotus macranthus Lowe ◆ Weed - N - 3 Lotus creticus L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lotus tetragonolobus L. Lotus maculatus Breitfeld ◆ Weed - N - 1A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Tetragonolobus purpureus Lotus cytisoides L. Lotus maritimus L. Moench Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Weed - N - 1 ◆ Weed See: Tetragonolobus maritimus (L.) Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr Lotus dumetorum Webb ex R.P.Murray Roth Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Lotus maroccanus Ball Weed - N - 1A Lotus edulis L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lotus unifoliolatus (Hook.) Benth. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lotus mascaensis Burchard Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Lotus purshianus Clem. & E.G.Clem. Lotus emeroides R.P.Murray Lotus mearnsii (Britton) Greene ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lotus weilleri Maire Lotus eremiticus A.Santos Lotus oliveirae A.Chev. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Loxanthocereus acanthurus (Vaupel) Lotus eriophthalmus Webb & Berth. Lotus ornithopodioides L. Backeb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cactaceae Lotus gebelia Vent. ◆ Weed = Cleistocactus acanthurus (Vaupel) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae D.R.Hunt Lotus parviflorus Desf. Lotus genistoides Webb Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Loxanthocereus aticensis Rauh Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Lotus hispidus Desf. ex DC. & Backeb. Cactaceae Lotus glaber Mill. Lotus pedunculatus Cav. = Cleistocactus sextonianus Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt = Lotus tenuis Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 ◆ Weed Lotus peliorhynchus Hook. f. Loxanthocereus sulcifer Rauh & Backeb. Lotus glaucus Aiton Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cactaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lotus peregrinus L. Loxodiscus coriaceus Hook. f. Lotus grandiflorus (Benth.) Greene Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Sapindaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae

290 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Loxogramme lanceolata (Sw.) C.Presl Lunaria rediviva L. Lupinus mexicanus Cerv. ex Lag. Polypodiaceae Brassicaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed Luckhoffia beukmanii (Luckhoff) White & Sloane Lupinus affinis J.Agardh Lupinus micranthus Guss. Asclepiadaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Hoodia sp. X Stapelia sp. hort. ◆ Weed - 2 Lupinus albifrons Benth. Luculia grandifolia Ghose Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lupinus microcarpus Sims Rubiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lupinus albus L. Luculia gratissima (Wall.) Sweet Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lupinus mutabilis Sweet Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Luculia intermedia Hutchinson Lupinus angustifolius L. Lupinus nanus Dougl. ex Benth. Rubiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Luculia pinceana Hook. Lupinus nootkatensis Donn ex Sims Rubiaceae Lupinus arboreus Sims Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Lucuma montana F.Allem. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Sapotaceae Lupinus odoratus A.A.Heller Lupinus argenteus Pursh Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lucuma obovata Kunth Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Sapotaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 Lupinus palaestinus Boiss. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lucuma valparadisaea Molina Lupinus arizonicus (S.Watson) Sapotaceae S.Watson Lupinus perennis L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ludwigia alternifolia L. ◆ Weed - 2 Onagraceae Lupinus atlanticus Gladst. ◆ Weed - 4 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lupinus pilosus L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ludwigia arcuata Walt. Lupinus cosentinii Guss. See: Lupinus hirsutus L. Onagraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A L Ludwigia longifolia (DC.) Hara Lupinus polycarpus Greene Onagraceae Lupinus densiflorus Benth. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. Ludwigia palustris (L.) Elliott Lupinus digitatus Forssk. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Onagraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Lupinus exaltatus Zucc. Lupinus princei Harms Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H.Raven Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Onagraceae Lupinus gibertianus C.P.Smith ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lupinus rotundiflorus Sessé & Moc. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ludwigia peruviana (L.) H.Hara Lupinus hartwegii Lindl. Onagraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lupinus sericeus Pursh ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5A ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Ludwigia repens J.R.Forst. Lupinus hirsutissimus Benth. Onagraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lupinus sparsiflorus Benth. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lupinus hirsutus L. Luehea divaricata Mart. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lupinus subcarnosus Hook. Tiliaceae = Lupinus pilosus L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ acutangula (L.) Roxb. Weed Lupinus succulentus Dougl. ex K.Koch Cucurbitaceae Lupinus hispanicus Boiss. & Reut. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lupinus texensis Hook. Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn. Lupinus incanus R.Grah. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cucurbitaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Lupinus truncatus Hook. & Arn. Lupinus latifolius J.Agardh Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Luma apiculata (DC.) Burret Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Myrtaceae Lupinus versicolor Lindl. See: Eugenia apiculata DC., Myrtus Lupinus lepidus Dougl. ex Lindl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae apiculata Niedenzu Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Luzula abyssinica Parl. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Lupinus longifolius (S.Watson) Abrams Juncaceae Lunaria annua L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Luzula alpino-pilosa (Chaix) Breistroffer Brassicaceae Lupinus luteus L. Juncaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3A - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 291 Luzula campestris (L.) DC. Lycaste powellii Schltr. Lycianthes cuchumatanensis Juncaceae Orchidaceae J.L.Gentry ◆ Weed - N Solanaceae Lycaste skinneri (Lindl.) Lindl. Luzula canariensis Poir Orchidaceae Lycianthes rantonnetii (Carrière Juncaceae ex Lescuy.) Bitter Lycaste virginalis (Scheidw.) Linden Solanaceae Luzula congesta (Thuill.) Lej. Orchidaceae See: Solanum rantonnei Carrière, Juncaceae Lycaste xytriophora Linden & Rchb. f. Solanum rantonnetii Carrière ◆ Weed - N Orchidaceae ex Lescuy. Luzula crenulata Buchen. ◆ Weed Lychnis alpina L. Juncaceae Caryophyllaceae L. Luzula flaccida (Buchenau) Edgar ◆ Weed Solanaceae Juncaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Lychnis arkwrighti Heydt ◆ Weed - Nn Caryophyllaceae L. Luzula hawaiiensis Buch. Solanaceae Lychnis chalcedonica L. Juncaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Caryophyllaceae Luzula luzuloides (Lam.) Dandy ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 5 Lycium cestroides Schltdl. & Wilmott Solanaceae Lychnis chilensis C.Gay Juncaceae Caryophyllaceae Lycium chilense Bertero ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Solanaceae Lychnis coeli-rosa (L.) Desr. Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. ◆ Weed Caryophyllaceae Juncaceae = Silene coeli-rosa (L.) Godr. Lycium chinense Mill. See: Juncus multiflorus Ehrh. Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Caryophyllaceae Luzula nivea (L.) DC. See: Silene coronaria (L.) Clairv. Lycium europaeum L. Juncaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3A - 5 Solanaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed L Lychnis flos-cuculi L. Luzula pumila Hook. f. Caryophyllaceae Miers Juncaceae See: Silene flos-cuculi (L.) Greuter Solanaceae Luzula sudetica (Willdenow) Schultes & Burdet ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Juncaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Lycium horridum Thunb. Luzula sylvatica (Huds.) Gaudin Lychnis flos-jovis (L.) Desr. Solanaceae Juncaceae Caryophyllaceae Lycium pallidum Miers ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - 2 Solanaceae Luzula ulophylla (Buchenau) Cockayne Lychnis fulgens Fisch. ex Sims Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. & Laing Caryophyllaceae Solanaceae Juncaceae ◆ Weed See: Lycopersicon lycopersicum L., Luzuriaga parviflora Kunth Lychnis X haageana Lemoine Solanum lycopersicum L. Smilacaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 = Silene banksia (Meerb.) Mabb. Luzuriaga polyphylla (Hook.) J.F.Macbr. Lycopersicon lycopersicum L. ◆ Weed - 2 Smilacaceae Solanaceae Lychnis miqueliana Rohrb. = Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Luzuriaga radicans Ruiz & Pav. Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Smilacaceae Lychnis viscaria L. Lycopersicon peruvianum L. Lycaste aromatica (Graham) Lindl. Caryophyllaceae Solanaceae Orchidaceae = Silene viscaria (L.) Jess. ◆ Weed Lycaste barringtoniae (Sm.) Lindl. ◆ Weed - 2 Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium L. Orchidaceae Lychnis viscosa Scop. Solanaceae Lycaste cruenta (Lindl.) Lindl. Caryophyllaceae See: Solanum pimpinellifolium Jusl. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Lychnis X walkeri hort. Lycaste deppei (Lodd.) Lindl. Caryophyllaceae Lycopodium alpinum L. Orchidaceae = Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr. Lycopodiaceae X Lychnis flos-jovis (L.) Desr. Lycaste lasioglossa Rchb. f. Lycopodium clavatum L. Orchidaceae Lychnis wilfordii (Regel) Maxim. Lycopodiaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed Lycaste longipetala (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay Orchidaceae Lychnis yunnanensis Bak. f. Lycopodium foliaceum Maxon Caryophyllaceae Lycopodiaceae Lycaste michelii H.Oakeley Orchidaceae

292 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Lycopodium lockyeri D.Jones & B.Gray venustum Swartz Lysimachia atropurpurea L. Lycopodiaceae Schizaeaceae Primulaceae ◆ Weed Lycopodium nummularifolium Blume Lymania corallina (Brongn. ex Beer) Lycopodiaceae R.W.Read Lysimachia barystachys Bunge Bromeliaceae Primulaceae Lycopodium polytrichoides Kaulfuss ◆ Weed Lycopodiaceae Lymania smithii R.W.Read = Huperzia polytrichoides (Kaulfuss) Bromeliaceae Lysimachia christinae Hance Trevisan Primulaceae Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC. ◆ Weed Lycopus europaeus L. Ericaceae Lamiaceae Lysimachia ciliata L. Lyonia mariana (L.) D.Don ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Primulaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Lycopus virginicus L. Lyonia neziki Nakai & Hara Lamiaceae Lysimachia clethroides Duby Ericaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Primulaceae Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Lycoris africana (Lam.) M.J.Roem. Ericaceae Liliaceae Lysimachia congestiflora Hemsl. = Lycoris aurea (L’Hérit.) Herb. Lyonia villosa (Hook. f. ex C.B.Clarke) Primulaceae Hand.-Mazz. ◆ Weed Lycoris albiflora Koidz. Ericaceae Liliaceae Lysimachia davurica Ledeb. Lyonothamnus aspleniifolius Greene Primulaceae Lycoris aurea (L’Hérit.) Herb. Rosaceae Lysimachia ephemerum L. Liliaceae = Lyonothamnus floribundus A.Gray See: Lycoris africana (Lam.) M.J.Roem. Primulaceae Lyonothamnus floribundus A.Gray ◆ Weed Lycoris elsiae Traub Rosaceae Lysimachia fortunei Maxim Liliaceae See: Lyonothamnus aspleniifolius Primulaceae Lycoris incarnata Comes ex Sprenger Greene ◆ Weed - N Liliaceae Lysichiton americanum Hultén Lysimachia henryi Hemsl. L Lycoris radiata (L’Hérit.) Herb. & H.St. John Primulaceae Liliaceae Araceae Lysimachia japonica Thunb. ◆ Weed = Lysichiton americanus Hultén & H.St. John Primulaceae ◆ Lycoris rosea Traub & Moldenke ◆ Weed Weed - N - 3 Liliaceae Lysichiton americanus Hultén Lysimachia kalalauensis Skottsberg Lycoris sanguinea Maxim. & H.St. John Primulaceae Liliaceae Araceae Lysimachia lanceolata Walt. ◆ Weed See: Lysichiton americanum Hultén Primulaceae Lycoris sprengeri Comes ex Baker & H.St. John See: Steironema heterophyllum ◆ Liliaceae Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 (Michx.) Baudo Lycoris squamigera Maxim. Lysichiton camtschatcensis (L.) Schott Lysimachia lichiangensis Forrest Liliaceae Araceae Primulaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - 2 Weed Lysimachia minoricensis J.D.Rodriguez Lysidice rhodostegia Hance Lygeum spartum Loefl. ex L. Primulaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Poaceae Lysimachia nemorum L. ◆ Weed Lysiloma acapulcensis (Kunth) Benth. Primulaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Lygodium circinatum (Burm. f.) Sw. Weed Schizaeaceae Lysiloma candida Brandegee Lysimachia nummularia L. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. Primulaceae ◆ Schizaeaceae Lysiloma latisiliqua Benth. Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Lysimachia paridiformis Franch. ◆ Weed Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R.Br. Primulaceae Schizaeaceae Lysiloma thornberi Britton & Rose Lysimachia procumbens Baudo ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 4 - 5 Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Primulaceae = Lysiloma watsonii Rose Lygodium polymorphum (Cav.) H.B.K. Lysimachia punctata L. Schizaeaceae Lysiloma watsonii Rose Primulaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 See: Lysiloma thornberi Britton Lygodium scandens (L.) Sw. & Rose Lysimachia terrestris (L.) Britton, Schizaeaceae Sterns & Pogg. ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Lysimachia acroadenia Maxim. Primulaceae Primulaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 293 Lysimachia vulgaris L. Primulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4 - 5 Lysionotus pauciflorus Maxim. Gesneriaceae anceps (Kohne) Makino Lythraceae ◆ Weed - 3 Lythrum hyssopifolia L. Lythraceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Lythrum junceum Banks & Sol. Lythraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 L. Lythraceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Lythrum virgatum L. Lythraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Lytocaryum hoehnei (Burret) Toledo Arecaceae Lytocaryum weddellianum (H.Wendl.) Toledo Arecaceae

L

294 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Mandevilla X amabilis M Credit: Forest and Kim Starr Maackia amurensis Rupr. & Maxim. Macleaya microcarpa (Maxim.) Fedde Macrotyloma africanum (Brenan Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Papaveraceae ex R.Wilczek) Verdc. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Maackia chinensis Takeda Leguminosae - Papilionaceae pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid. Macrotyloma axillare (E.Mey.) Verdc. Moraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Maackia fauriei (H.Lèv.) Takeda ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Macodes petola (Blume) Lindl. Macrotyloma daltonii (Webb) Verdc. integrifolia Maiden & Betche Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Proteaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Macradenia multiflora (Kraenzl.) Cogn. Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Orchidaceae Marechal & Baudet L.A.S.Johnson Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Proteaceae Macrochloa tenacissima (Loefl. ex L.) See: Kerstingiella geocarpa Harms ◆ Weed - Nn Kunth Poaceae communis L.A.S.Johnson Macaranga grandifolia (Blanco) Merr. ◆ Weed Zamiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed Macropiper melchior W.R.Sykes Piperaceae Macrozamia mountperriensis F.M.Bailey Macaranga peltata Boiv. ex Baill. ◆ Weed Zamiaceae Euphorbiaceae Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb. Macrozamia platyrachis Bailey Macaranga tanarius (L.) Müll.Arg. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Zamiaceae Euphorbiaceae See: Phaseolus atropurpureus DC. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 Madia sativa Molina ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A Asteraceae Macfadyena mollis (Sond.) Seem. Macroptilium bracteatum (Nees & Mart.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 Bignoniaceae Marechal & Baudet Maesa henryi Hu Macfadyena uncata (Andrews) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Myrsinaceae Sprague & Sandwith M Macroptilium erythroloma (Mart. Bignoniaceae Maesa japonica Moritzi & Zoll. ex Benth.) Urb. Myrsinaceae Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.H.Gentry Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Bignoniaceae Maesa montana A.DC. Macroptilium gracile (Poepp. See: Doxantha unguis-cati (L.) Miers Myrsinaceae ex Benth.) Urb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Maesa perlarius (Lour.) Merr. Machaerina sinclairii (Hook. f.) T.Koyama See: Macroptilium longipedunculatum Myrsinaceae Cyperaceae (Mart. ex Benth.) Urb. Maesobotrya barteri Hutch. ◆ Weed - N - 3A Machaerium paraguariense Hassler Euphorbiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb. Magnolia campbellii Hook. f. & Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Machaerium stipitatum (DC.) Vogel Thomson X Magnolia sargentiana ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Rehder & E.H.Wilson X (Magnolia Macroptilium longepedunculatum X soulangeana Soul.-Bod.) Machaerocereus gummosus (Engelm.) (Mart. ex Benth.) Urb. Magnoliaceae Britton & Rose Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cactaceae Magnolia acuminata L. = Stenocereus gummosus Macroptilium longipedunculatum Magnoliaceae (Brandegee) A.C.Gibson & K.E.Horak (Mart. ex Benth.) Urb. See: Magnolia cordata Michx. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Machairophyllum albidum (L.) Schwant. = Macroptilium gracile (Poepp. Aizoaceae Magnolia amoena Cheng ex Benth.) Urb. Magnoliaceae Mackaya bella Harv. Macroptilium martii (Benth.) Marechal Acanthaceae Magnolia ashei Weath. & Baudet ◆ Weed Magnoliaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Macleania insignis M.Martens & Galeotti Magnolia biondii Pamp. Macroptilium panduratum (Mart. Ericaceae Magnoliaceae ex Benth.) Marechal & Baudet Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Magnolia campbellii Hook. f. & Thomson Papaveraceae Magnoliaceae Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) See: Bocconia cordata Willd. Ching Magnolia campbellii Hook. f. & ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Thelypteridaceae Thomson X Magnolia liliiflora Desr. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 Magnoliaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 295 Magnolia cavaleriei (Finet & Gagnep.) Magnolia liliiflora Desr. Magnolia X thompsoniana M.P.de Vos Figlar Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae See: Magnolia quinquepeta Magnolia tomentosa Thunb. See: Michelia cavaleriei Finet (Buc’hoz) Dandy nom. rej. Magnoliaceae & Gagnep. Magnolia X loebneri Kache Magnolia tripetala (L.) L. Magnolia coco (Lour.) DC. Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae = Magnolia kobus DC. X Magnolia ◆ Weed - 1 stellata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. Magnolia cordata Michx. Magnolia X veitchii Bean Magnoliaceae Magnolia macrophylla Michx. Magnoliaceae = Magnolia acuminata L. var. Magnoliaceae subcordata (Spach) Dandy ◆ Weed Magnolia virginiana L. Magnoliaceae Magnolia cylindrica E.H.Wilson Magnolia obovata Thunb. ◆ Weed Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Magnolia X watsonii Hook. f. Magnolia dawsoniana Rehder Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H.Wilson Magnoliaceae & E.H.Wilson Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Magnolia X wiesneri Carrière Magnolia ovata Parm. Magnoliaceae Magnolia dealbata Zucc. Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Magnolia wilsonii (Finet & Gagnep.) Magnolia X proctoriana Rehder Rehder Magnolia delavayi Franch. Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Magnolia pyramidata W.Bartram See: Magnolia X highdownensis Magnolia denudata Desr. Magnoliaceae Dandy Magnoliaceae See: Magnolia heptapeta (Buc’hoz) Magnolia quinquepeta (Buc’hoz) Magnolia yulan Desf. Dandy Dandy nom. rej. Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Magnolia denudata Desr. X Magnolia Magnolia zenii W.C.Cheng = Magnolia liliiflora Desr. acuminata L. Magnoliaceae ◆ Weed Magnoliaceae Mahoberberis neubertii C.K.Schneid. Magnolia rostrata W.W.Sm. Magnolia diva Stapf ex Dandy Berberidaceae Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Mahonia amplectens Eastw. M Magnolia salicifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Magnolia fordiana H.H.Hu Berberidaceae Maxim. Magnoliaceae = Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G.Don Magnoliaceae Magnolia foveolata Merr. & Dandy (Pursh) Nutt. Magnolia sargentiana Rehder Magnoliaceae Berberidaceae & E.H.Wilson See: Mahonia piperiana Abrams Magnolia fraseri Walter Magnoliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3 - 5 Magnoliaceae Magnolia sargentiana Rehder & Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carrière Magnolia fuscata Andrews E.H.Wilson X Magnolia sprengeri Berberidaceae Magnoliaceae Pamp. ◆ Weed - 1 Magnoliaceae Magnolia globosa Hook. f. & Thoms. Mahonia dictyota (Jeps.) Fedde Magnoliaceae Magnolia schiedeana Schltdl. Berberidaceae Magnoliaceae Magnolia grandiflora L. Mahonia ehrenbergii Fedde Magnoliaceae Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch Berberidaceae ◆ Weed Magnoliaceae ◆ Weed Mahonia eutriphylla Fedde Magnolia heptapeta (Buc’hoz) Dandy Berberidaceae Magnoliaceae Magnolia X soulangeana Soul. -Bod. = Magnolia denudata Desr. Magnoliaceae Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) Fedde ◆ Weed = Magnolia heptapeta (Buc’hoz) Berberidaceae ◆ Weed Magnolia X highdownensis Dandy Dandy X Magnolia quinquepeta Magnoliaceae (Buc’hoz) Dandy Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde = Magnolia wilsonii (Finet ◆ Weed Berberidaceae & Gagnep.) Rehder Magnolia sprengeri Pamp. Mahonia haematocarpa (Wooton) Fedde Magnolia hypoleuca Sieb. & Zucc. Magnoliaceae Berberidaceae Magnoliaceae ◆ Weed Magnolia stellata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. Magnolia kobus DC. Magnoliaceae Mahonia japonica (Thunb.) DC. Magnoliaceae ◆ Weed Berberidaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Magnolia stellata (Siebold & Zucc) Magnolia kobus DC. X Magnolia Maxim X Magnolia liliiflora Desr. Mahonia leschenaultii (Wall.) Takeda stellata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. Magnoliaceae Berberidaceae Magnoliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A

296 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Mahonia lomariifolia Takeda Malachra capitata (L.) L. Malope trifida Cav. Berberidaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 Mahonia mairei Takeda Malachra fasciata Jacq. Malosma laurina (Nutt.) Abrams Berberidaceae Malvaceae Anacardiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 See: Rhus laurina Nutt. Mahonia X media Bricknell Berberidaceae Malacocarpus erinaceus (Haw.) Lem. Malpighia coccigera L. = Mahonia japonica (Thunb.) DC. ex C.F.Först. Malpighiaceae X Mahonia lomariifolia Takeda Cactaceae Malpighia emarginata DC. = Parodia erinacea (Haworth) Mahonia napaulensis DC. Malpighiaceae N.P.Taylor Berberidaceae ◆ Weed Malacocarpus sellowii K.Schum. Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Malpighia glabra L. Cactaceae Berberidaceae Malpighiaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Malacocarpus tetracanthus (Lemaire) ◆ Weed R. Meyer Mahonia nevinii (A.Gray) Fedde Malpighia urens L. Cactaceae Berberidaceae Malpighiaceae = Parodia erinacea (Haworth) Mahonia pinnata (Lag.) Fedde N.P.Taylor Malus angustifolia (Aiton) Michx. Berberidaceae Rosaceae Malacothamnus fasciculatus (Torr. ◆ Weed - 2A & A.Gray) Greene Malus X arnoldiana (Rehder) Sarg. Mahonia piperiana Abrams Malvaceae ex Rehder Berberidaceae Rosaceae Malaxis biloba (Lindl.) Ames = Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Orchidaceae Malus X atrosanguinea (Spath) Mahonia pumila (Greene) Fedde C.K.Schneid. Malaxis calophylla (Rchb. f.) Kuntze Berberidaceae Rosaceae Orchidaceae = Berberis pumila Greene Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. Malaxis taurina (Rchb. f.) Kuntze Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G.Don Rosaceae Orchidaceae Berberidaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 See: Mahonia amplectens Eastw., Malcolmia africana (L.) R.Br. Malus coronaria (L.) Mill. Mahonia pumila (Greene) Fedde Brassicaceae Rosaceae M ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Mahonia trifolia Cham. & Schltdl. Malcolmia bicolor Boiss. & Heldr. Malus coronaria (L.) P.Mill. X Malus Berberidaceae Brassicaceae pumila P.Mill. Mahonia X wagneri (Jouin) Rehder Malcolmia chia (L.) DC. Rosaceae Berberidaceae Brassicaceae Malus X domestica Borkh. ◆ Weed Mahonia wilcoxii (Kearney) Rehder Rosaceae Berberidaceae Malcolmia flexuosa (Sm.) Sm. See: Pyrus malus L. Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Maianthemum bifolium (L.) F.W.Schmidt ◆ Weed - N Convallariaceae Malus eleyi Pollanetz ◆ Weed Malcolmia littorea (L.) R.Br. Rosaceae Brassicaceae Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link Malus floribunda Siebold ex Van Houtte ◆ Weed Convallariaceae Rosaceae See: Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. Malcolmia maritima (L.) R.Br. ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed Brassicaceae Malus fusca (Raf.) C.K.Schneid. See: Cheiranthus maritimus L. Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Convallariaceae Malus X gloriosa Lemoine See: Smilacina stellata Desf. Malcolmia serbica Pancic Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Brassicaceae ◆ Weed Malus halliana Koehne Maihuenia patagonica (Phil.) Britton Rosaceae & Rose Malephora crocea (Jacq.) Schwantes ◆ Weed Cactaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 4 - 5 Malus halliana Koehne. X Malus Maihuenia poeppigii (Otto ex Pfeiff.) sieboldii (Regel) Rehder F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum. Mallotus japonicus (Thunb.) Müll.Arg. Rosaceae Cactaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder brevifolia (R.Br.) Paul Rosaceae G.Wilson Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll.Arg. ◆ Weed - 2 Chenopodiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn Malus ioensis (A.W.Wood) Britton Rosaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 297 Malus kansuensis (Batalin) Malus toringo (Siebold) Siebold Malvastrum capense Gray & Harv. C.K.Schneid. ex de Vriese Malvaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Malus X micromalus Makino Malvastrum coccineum (Nutt.) Gray Rosaceae Malus toringoides (Rehder) Hughes Malvaceae = Malus spectabilis (Aiton) Borkh. Rosaceae = Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. X Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. ◆ Weed - 3 Malus trilobata (Poir.) C.K.Schneid. Malus X moerlandsii Door. Rosaceae Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Rosaceae Garcke Malus tschonoskii (Maxim.) C.K.Schneid. Malvaceae Malus parkmani Koehne Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Rosaceae Malus yunnanensis (Franch.) Malvastrum spicatum (L.) A.Gray Malus X platycarpa Rehder C.K.Schneid. Malvaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae = Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr. = Malus X domestica Borkh. Malus zumi (Matsum.) Rehder ◆ Weed X Malus coronaria (L.) Mill. Rosaceae Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. Malus prattii (Hemsl.) C.K.Schneid. See: Pyrus zumi Matsum. Malvaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. Malva alcea L. Malvaviscus candidus DC. Rosaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Malvaviscus mollis (Ait.) DC. Malus pumila P.Mill. Malva assurgentiflora (Kellogg) Malvaceae Rosaceae M.F.Ray ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Malvaceae Malvaviscus penduliflorus DC. See: Lavatera assurgentiflora Kellogg Malvaceae Malus pumila P.Mill. X Malus spectabilis ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 (Ait.) Borkh. Rosaceae Malva dendromorpha M.F.Ray Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov. Malvaceae Malvaceae Malus X purpurea (A.Barbier) Rehder See: Lavatera arborea L. See: Sida leprosa (Ortega) Schumann Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A M = Malus atrosanguinea (Spaeth) Schneider X Malus niedzwetzkyana Malva linnaei M.F.Ray Mamillopsis senilis (Salm-Dyck) Web. Dieck. Malvaceae ex Britton ◆ Weed - 2 See: Lavatera cretica L. Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A = Mammillaria senilis Lodd. Malus X robusta (Carrière) Rehder Rosaceae Malva moschata L. Mammea americana L. = Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. X Malus Malvaceae Clusiaceae prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Malva neglecta Wallr. Mammillaria albescens Tiegel Malus rockii Rehder Malvaceae Cactaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 = Dolichothele albescens (Tiegel) Backeb. Malus sargentii Rehder Malva nicaeensis All. Rosaceae Malvaceae Mammillaria albiarmata Boed. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Cactaceae Malus X scheideckeri Spath ex Zabel Rosaceae Malva parviflora L. Mammillaria albicoma Boed. Malvaceae Cactaceae Malus sieboldii (Regel) Rehder ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Rosaceae Mammillaria albilanata Backeb. ◆ Weed Malva sylvestris L. Cactaceae Malvaceae Malus sikkimensis (Wenz.) Koehne Mammillaria anniana Glass & R.A.Foster ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3A - 5 ex C.K.Schneid. Cactaceae Rosaceae Malva verticillata L. Mammillaria armillata K.Brandeg. Malvaceae Malus spectabilis (Aiton) Borkh. Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Rosaceae Mammillaria ascensionis ◆ Weed - 2 Malva wigandii (Alef.) M.F.Ray W.Reppenhagen Malvaceae Malus X sublobata (Dippel) Rehder Cactaceae Rosaceae Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr. Mammillaria aureiceps Lem. Malvaceae Malus sylvestris P.Mill. Cactaceae See: Malvastrum spicatum (L.) A.Gray Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Mammillaria aureilanata Backeb. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 5 Cactaceae

298 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Mammillaria aurihamata Boed. Mammillaria chica Repp. Mammillaria echinaria DC. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria backebergiana Buchenau Mammillaria chionocephala J.A.Purpus Mammillaria eichlamii Quehl. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed Mammillaria coahuilensis (Boed.) Moran Mammillaria elegans DC. Mammillaria balsasoides Craig Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Mammillaria collina J.A.Purpus Mammillaria collina J.A.Purpus = Mammillaria beneckei Ehrenb. Cactaceae Mammillaria elongata DC. Mammillaria barbata Engelm. See: Mammillaria elegans DC. Cactaceae Cactaceae ◆ Mammillaria collinsii (Brown & R.) Orcutt Weed Mammillaria baumii Boed. Cactaceae Mammillaria erectacantha Foerster Cactaceae Mammillaria columbiana Orcutt Cactaceae Mammillaria baxteriana (H.E.Gates) Cactaceae Mammillaria erythrosperma Boed. Boed. ◆ Weed Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria compressa DC. Mammillaria evermanniana Orcutt Mammillaria beneckei Ehrenb. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria confusa (Britton & Rose) See: Mammillaria balsasoides Craig Mammillaria fittkaui Glass & R.A.Foster Orcutt Cactaceae Mammillaria blossfeldiana Boed. Cactaceae Cactaceae = Mammillaria karwinskiana Mart. Mammillaria flavovirens Salm-Dyck Cactaceae Mammillaria bocasana Poselger Mammillaria conspicua J.A.Purpus Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria formosa Galeotti ex Scheidw. Mammillaria bombycina Quehl Mammillaria crocidata Lem. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Mammillaria polythele Mart. Mammillaria fragilis Salm-Dyck Mammillaria boolii G.E.Linds. ex K.Brandegee Cactaceae Mammillaria crucigera Mart. Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria brauneana Bod. = Mammillaria vetula Mart. ssp. Cactaceae Mammillaria dasyacantha Engelm. gracilis (Pfeiff.) D.R.Hunt Cactaceae M Mammillaria bravoae R.T.Craig Mammillaria garessii Cowper = Mammillaria laui D.R.Hunt Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria dealbata A.Dietr. Mammillaria calacantha Tiegel Mammillaria gaumeri Orcutt Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Mammillaria haageana Pfeiff. Mammillaria camptotricha Dams Mammillaria geminispina Haw. Mammillaria decipiens Scheidw. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria candida Scheid Mammillaria deherdtiana Farwig Mammillaria gigantea Hilm. ex Sch. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Mammillaria ortizrubiana (Bravo) Werdem. Mammillaria densispina (J.M.Coult.) Mammillaria glareosa Boed. ◆ Weed Orcutt Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria canelensis R.T.Craig Mammillaria glassii Foster Cactaceae Mammillaria dioica M.K.Brandegee Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria capensis (H.E.Gates) Mammillaria glochidiata Mart. R.T.Craig Mammillaria discolor Haw. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria gracilis Pfeiff. Mammillaria carmenae Castañeda Mammillaria dodsonii Bravo Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Mammillaria vetula Mart. Mammillaria carnea Zucc. Mammillaria dumetorum J.A.Purpus Mammillaria grahamii Engelm. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Mammillaria microcarpa Mammillaria carretii Rebut ex Schuman Mammillaria duoformis R.T.Craig Engelm., Mammillaria oliviae Orcutt Cactaceae & E.Y.Dawson Cactaceae Mammillaria grusonii Rge. Mammillaria celsiana Lem. Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria durispina Boed. = Mammillaria muehlenpfordtii Cactaceae Mammillaria guelzowiana Werderm. C.F.Förster Cactaceae Mammillaria duwei Rogozinski & Braun See: Krainzia guelzowiana Mammillaria centricirrha Lem. Cactaceae (Werderm.) Backeb. Cactaceae = Mammillaria nana Bkbg. = Mammillaria magnimamma Haw. ex Mottram

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 299 Mammillaria guerreronis (Bravo) Boed. Mammillaria lanata (Brown & R.) Orcutt Mammillaria microcarpa Engelm. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Mammillaria supertexta Mart. = Mammillaria grahamii Engelm. Mammillaria guillauminiana Backeb. Cactaceae Mammillaria lasiacantha Engelm. Mammillaria microhelia Werderm. Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria haageana Pfeiff. Cactaceae Mammillaria laui D.R.Hunt Mammillaria microthele Muehlenpf. See: Mammillaria dealbata A.Dietr. Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Mammillaria dasyacantha Mammillaria hahniana Werderm. Mammillaria miegiana W.H.Earle Engelm. Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria lenta K.Brandegee Mammillaria halei Brandegee Mammillaria moelleriana Boedeker Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria longiflora (Britton Mammillaria hamata Lehm. ex Pfeiff. Mammillaria mollendorffiana Shurly & Rose) A.Berger Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria haudeana A.B.Lau See: Krainzia longiflora (Britton Mammillaria montensis R.T.Craig & K.Wagner & Rose) Backeb. Cactaceae Cactaceae = Mammillaria standleyi (Britton Mammillaria longimamma DC. = Mammillaria saboae Glass & Rose) Orcutt Cactaceae Mammillaria heidiae Krainz Mammillaria morganiana Tiegel Mammillaria magallanii Schmoll Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria hemisphaerica Engelm. Mammillaria movensis R.T.Craig Mammillaria magneticola J.Meyrán Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria hernandezii Glass = Mammillaria vetula Mart. Mammillaria muehlenpfordtii C.F.Förster & R.A.Foster Cactaceae Mammillaria magnifica Buchenau Cactaceae See: Mammillaria celsiana Lem. Cactaceae Mammillaria herrerae Werderm. Mammillaria multidigitata Radley Mammillaria magnimamma Haw. Cactaceae & G.E.Linds. Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria heyderi Muehlenpf. See: Mammillaria centricirrha Lem. Cactaceae Mammillaria mystax Mart. M Mammillaria mainiae K.Brandeg. Cactaceae Mammillaria hidalgensis Purpus Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria nana Bkbg. ex Mottram Mammillaria mammillaris (L.) Karst = Mammillaria polythele Mart. Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Mammillaria duwei Rogozinski Mammillaria humboldtii Ehrenb. Mammillaria maritima (Lindsay) & Braun Cactaceae D.R.Hunt Mammillaria napina J.A.Purpus Mammillaria hutchisoniana Cactaceae Cactaceae (H.E.Gates) Boed. Mammillaria marksiana Krainz Cactaceae Mammillaria nejapensis Craig & Daws Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria inaiae R.T.Craig Mammillaria martinezii Backeb. Cactaceae Mammillaria neomystax Backeb. Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria jaliscana (Britton & Rose) = Mammillaria supertexta Mart. Boedeker Mammillaria nivosa Link ex N.E.Pfeiffer Mammillaria matudae Bravo Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria johnstonii Orcutt Mammillaria nunezii (Britton & Rose) Mammillaria mazatlanensis (Rebut) Cactaceae Orcutt K.Schum. & Gürke Cactaceae Mammillaria karwinskiana Mart. Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Mammillaria occidentalis Mammillaria obconella Scheidw. See: Mammillaria confusa (Britton (Britton & Rose) Boed. Cactaceae & Rose) Orcutt Mammillaria Karw. Mammillaria occidentalis (Britton Mammillaria klissingiana Bodeker ex Salm-Dyck & Rose) Boed. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Mammillaria mazatlanensis (Rebut) Mammillaria knebeliana Boed. Mammillaria melanocentra Poselg. K.Schum. & Gürke Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria oliviae Orcutt Mammillaria knippeliana Quehl. Mammillaria mendeliana (Bravo) Cactaceae Cactaceae Werderm. = Mammillaria grahamii Engelm. Cactaceae Mammillaria kraehenbuehlii (Krainz) var. oliviae (Orcutt) L.Benson Krainz Mammillaria mercadensis Patoni Cactaceae Cactaceae

300 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Mammillaria ortizrubiana (Bravo) Mammillaria pulchella Berol. Mammillaria sphacelata Mart. Werdem. ex Salm-Dyck Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria sphaerica A.Dietr. = Mammillaria candida Scheid Mammillaria pygmaea (Britton & Rose) Cactaceae Mammillaria oteroi Glass & Foster A.Berger See: Dolichothele sphaerica (A. Dietr.) Cactaceae Cactaceae Britton & Rose Mammillaria painteri Rose Mammillaria pyrrhocephala Scheidw. Mammillaria spinosissima Lem. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria parkinsonii Ehrenb. Mammillaria rekoi (Britton & Rose) Mammillaria stampferi W.Reppenhagen Cactaceae Vaupel Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria pectinifera F.A.C.Weber Mammillaria standleyi (Britton & Rose) Cactaceae Mammillaria reppenhagenii D.R.Hunt Orcutt See: Solisia pectinata (Stein) Britton Cactaceae Cactaceae & Rose See: Mammillaria montensis R.T.Craig Mammillaria rhodantha Link & Otto Mammillaria pennispinosa Krainz Cactaceae Mammillaria supertexta Mart. Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria ritteriana Boed. See: Mammillaria lanata (Brown & R.) Mammillaria perbella Hildm. ex Schum. Cactaceae Orcutt, Mammillaria martinezii Backeb. Cactaceae Mammillaria rubrograndis Mammillaria surculosa Bod. Mammillaria petrophila K.Brandegee W.Reppenhagen & A.B.Lau Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria swinglei (Britton & Rose) Mammillaria petterssonii Hildm. Mammillaria saboae Glass Boed. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Mammillaria haudeana A.B.Lau Mammillaria picta Meinsh. & K.Wagner Mammillaria tayloriorum Glass Cactaceae & R.A.Foster Mammillaria saetigera Boed. & Tiegel Mammillaria pilispina J.A.Purpus Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria tegelbergiana G.E.Linds. Mammillaria sartorii J.A.Purpus Mammillaria pitcayensis H.Bravo Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria tesopacensis R.T.Craig M Mammillaria schiedeana Ehrenb. Mammillaria plumosa F.A.C.Weber Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria tetrancistra Engelm. Mammillaria schmollii (Bravo) Werderm. Mammillaria polyedra Mart. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria theresae Cutak Mammillaria schumannii Hildem. Mammillaria polythele Mart. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria thornberi Orcutt See: Mammillaria crocidata Lem., Mammillaria schwarzii Shurly Cactaceae Mammillaria hidalgensis Purpus Cactaceae Mammillaria uncinata Zucc. ex Pfeiff. Mammillaria pondii Greene Mammillaria scrippsiana (Britton Cactaceae Cactaceae & Rose) Orcutt See: Cochemiea pondii Walton Cactaceae Mammillaria vetula Mart. Cactaceae Mammillaria poselgeri Hildman Mammillaria sempervivi DC. See: Mammillaria fragilis Salm-Dyck Cactaceae Cactaceae ex K.Brandegee, Mammillaria gracilis See: Cochemiea poselgeri Britton Mammillaria senilis Lodd. Pfeiff., Mammillaria magneticola & Rose Cactaceae J.Meyrán Mammillaria pottsii Scheer ex Salm-Dyck See: Mamillopsis senilis (Salm-Dyck) Mammillaria viereckii Boed. Cactaceae Web. ex Britton Cactaceae Mammillaria pringlei (J.M.Coult.) Mammillaria setispina Engelm. Mammillaria viperina J.A.Purpus K.Brandegee ex J.M.Coult. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria viridiflora (Britton Mammillaria prolifera (Mill.) Haw. Mammillaria sheldonii (Britton & Rose) & Rose) Boed. Cactaceae Boed. Cactaceae ◆ Weed Cactaceae Mammillaria vivipara (Nutt.) Haw. Mammillaria pseudocrucigera R.T.Craig Mammillaria solisioides Backeb. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Escobaria vivipara (Nutt.) Buxbaum Mammillaria pseudoperbella Quehl Mammillaria sonorensis R.T.Craig ◆ Weed - 3 Cactaceae Cactaceae Mammillaria voburnensis Scheer Cactaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 301 Mammillaria weingartiana Boed. Manettia bicolor Paxt. Manihot flabellifolia Pohl Cactaceae Rubiaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed Mammillaria wiesingeri Boed. Manettia cordifolia Mart. Cactaceae Rubiaceae Manihot glaziovii Müll.Arg. ◆ Weed Euphorbiaceae Mammillaria wilcoxii Toumey ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ex K.Schum. Manettia inflata Sprague Cactaceae Rubiaceae Manihot grahamii Hook. Euphorbiaceae Mammillaria wildii A.Dietr. Manettia luteo-rubra Benth. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Cactaceae Rubiaceae Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosberg Mammillaria winterae Boedeker Manettia reclinata L. Sapotaceae Cactaceae Rubiaceae = Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen Mammillaria woodsii R.T.Craig Manfreda brachystachys (Cav.) Rose Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard Cactaceae Agavaceae Sapotaceae Mammillaria wrightii Engelm. Manfreda guttata (Jacobi & Bouche) Manilkara jaimiqui (C.Wright) Dubard Cactaceae Rose Agavaceae Sapotaceae Mammillaria yaquensis Craig Manilkara roxburghiana (Wight) Dubard Cactaceae Manfreda maculosa (Hook.) Rose Agavaceae Sapotaceae Mammillaria zacatecasensis Shurly See: Polianthes maculosa (Hook.) ◆ Weed Cactaceae Shinners Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen Mammillaria zahniana Boed. & F.Ritter Manfreda pringlei Rose Sapotaceae Cactaceae Agavaceae See: Achras sapota L. nom. illeg., Achras zapota L., Manilkara achras Mammillaria zeilmanniana Boedecker Manfreda rubescens Rose (Mill.) Fosberg Cactaceae Agavaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Mammillaria zephyranthoides Scheidw. Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose Maniltoa grandiflora (Gray) Scheff. Cactaceae Agavaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Mammillaria zuccariniana Mart. caesia Jack Manochlamys albicans (Aiton) Aellen Cactaceae Anacardiaceae M Chenopodiaceae = Neomammillaria zuccariniana Mangifera foetida Lour. (Mart.) Britton & Rose Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H.Gentry Anacardiaceae Bignoniaceae Mandevilla X amabilis (Backh. L. ◆ Weed & Backh. f.) Dress Anacardiaceae Apocynaceae Mansoa difficilis (Cham.) Bureau ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 = Mandevilla splendens (Hook. f.) & K.Schum. Woodson X Mandevilla sp. Mangifera minor Blume Bignoniaceae Anacardiaceae Mansoa hymenaea (DC.) A.H.Gentry Mandevilla X amoena hort. ◆ Weed Apocynaceae Bignoniaceae = Mandevilla X amabilis (Backh. Mangifera odorata Griff. ◆ Weed - 2 & Backh. f.) Dress X Mandevilla Anacardiaceae Mantisalca salmantica (L.) Briq. & Cav. splendens (Hook. f.) Woodson Manglietia chingii Dandy Asteraceae Mandevilla boliviensis (Hook. f.) Magnoliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Woodson Manglietia fordiana Oliv. Mapania cuspidata (Miq.) Uittien Apocynaceae Magnoliaceae Cyperaceae Mandevilla laxa (Ruiz & Pav.) Woodson See: Manglietia yuyuanensis Y.W.Law Maranta arundinacea L. Apocynaceae Manglietia insignis (Wall.) Blume Marantaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Magnoliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Mandevilla pentlandiana (A.DC.) Manglietia yuyuanensis Y.W.Law Maranta bicolor Ker Gawl. Woodson Magnoliaceae Marantaceae Apocynaceae = Manglietia fordiana Oliv. Maranta depressa E.Morr. Mandevilla sanderi (Hemsl.) Woodson Manicaria saccifera Gaertn. Marantaceae Apocynaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed Maranta leuconeura E.Morr. Manihot carthagenensis (Jacq.) Marantaceae Mandevilla splendens (Hook. f.) Müll.Arg. Woodson Euphorbiaceae Maranta makoyana (E.Morr.) K.Schum. Apocynaceae Marantaceae Manihot esculenta Crantz Mandragora officinarum L. Euphorbiaceae Maranta massangeana E.Morr. Solanaceae See: Jatropha manihot L. Marantaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5

302 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Maranta zebrina Sims Marojejya insignis Humbert Masdevallia mejiana Garay Marantaceae Arecaceae Orchidaceae Marantochloa cuspidata (Roscoe) Marrubium supinum L. Masdevallia pandurilabia C.Schweinf. Milne-Redh. Lamiaceae Orchidaceae Marantaceae ◆ Weed Masdevallia pyxis Luer See: Marantochloa flexuosa (Benth.) Marrubium vulgare L. Orchidaceae Hutch. Lamiaceae Masdevallia strobelii H.R.Sweet Marantochloa flexuosa (Benth.) Hutch. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 & Garay Marantaceae Marsdenia floribunda (Brongn.) Schltr. Orchidaceae = Marantochloa cuspidata (Roscoe) Asclepiadaceae Milne-Redh. Masdevallia tovarensis Rchb. f. = Stephanotis floribunda Brongn. Orchidaceae Marantochloa leucantha (K.Schum.) ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Milne-Redh. Masdevallia veitchiana Rchb. f. hirsuta R.Br. Marantaceae Orchidaceae attenuata Lab. ◆ Weed - Nn Masdevallia weberbaueri Schltr. Orchidaceae Marsilea mutica Mett. Marcetella moquiniana (Webb Marsileaceae Masoala kona Beentje & Berth.) Svent. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 4 Arecaceae Rosaceae Marsippospermum grandiflorum (L. f.) Masoala madagascariensis Jum. Marcgravia trinitatis K.Presl Hook. f. Arecaceae Marcgraviaceae Juncaceae Massonia depressa Houtt. Marginatocereus marginatus (DC.) Martynia annua L. Liliaceae Backbg. Pedaliaceae Massonia pustulata Jacq. Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A Liliaceae = Pachycereus marginatus (DC.) Martynia lutea Lindl. Britton & Rose Matayba elaeagnoides Radlk. Pedaliaceae Sapindaceae Margyricarpus pinnatus (Lam.) Kuntze = Proboscidea lutea (Lindl.) Stapf Rosaceae Matisia cordata Bonpl. Martynia proboscidea Gloxin ◆ Weed - 2 Bombacaceae Pedaliaceae M ◆ Weed Margyricarpus setosus Ruiz & Pav. = Proboscidea louisianica (Mill.) Thell. Rosaceae L. Mascarena verschaffeltii (Wendl.) Bailey Asteraceae Marianthus ringens F.Müell. Arecaceae = Tripleurospermum perforatum Pittosporaceae ◆ Weed (Mérat) Laínz Markhamia acuminata (Klotzsch) Mascarenhasia arborescens A.DC. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 K.Schum. Apocynaceae Matricaria discoidea DC. Bignoniaceae Masdevallia campyloglossa Rchb. f. Asteraceae Markhamia cauda-felina (Hance) Craib Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Bignoniaceae Masdevallia chimaera Rchb. f. Matricaria maritima L. Markhamia lutea (Benth.) K.Schum. Orchidaceae Asteraceae Bignoniaceae = Tripleurospermum maritimum (L.) Masdevallia civilis Rchb. f. & Warsz. W.D.J.Koch Markhamia obtusifolia (Baker) Sprague Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Bignoniaceae Masdevallia coccinea Linden ex Lindl. Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter Markhamia platycalyx (Baker) Sprague Orchidaceae Asteraceae Bignoniaceae Masdevallia ecaudata Schltr. See: Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Markhamia stipulata (Wall.) Seem. Orchidaceae Rydb. ex K.Schum. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Masdevallia X falcata O’Brien Bignoniaceae Orchidaceae Matricaria perforata Merat Markhamia zanzibarica (DC.) K.Schum. Asteraceae Masdevallia floribunda Lindl. Bignoniaceae = Tripleurospermum perforatum Orchidaceae (Mérat) Lainz Marlothistella stenophylla (L.Bolus) Masdevallia ignea Rchb. f. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3A - 4 S.A.Hammer Orchidaceae Aizoaceae Matricaria recutita L. Masdevallia infracta Lindl. Asteraceae Marniera macroptera (Lem.) Backeb. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Cactaceae Masdevallia kuhnorum Luer Matteuccia orientalis (Hook.) Trevis. Marojejya darianii J.Dransf. & N.Uhl. Orchidaceae Dryopteridaceae Arecaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 303 Matteuccia pensylvanica (Willd.) Matucana madisoniorum (Hutchison) Mauritiella aculeata (Kunth) Burret Raymond. G.D.Rowley X Matucana Arecaceae Dryopteridaceae paucicostata F.Ritter Mauritiella armata (Mart.) Burret = Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. Cactaceae Arecaceae Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. Matucana mirabilis Buining Maurocenia frangula Mill. Dryopteridaceae Cactaceae Celastraceae See: Matteuccia pensylvanica Matucana myriacantha (Vaupel) Buxb. (Willd.) Raymond. Maxillaria acutifolia Schltr. Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Orchidaceae Matucana oreodoxa (F.Ritter) Slaba See: Maxillaria rufescens Lindl. Matthiola arborescens Sternb. Cactaceae Brassicaceae Maxillaria alba (Hook.) Lindl. Matucana paucicostata F.Ritter Orchidaceae Matthiola bicornis (Sm.) DC. Cactaceae Brassicaceae Maxillaria chrysantha Barb.Rodr. See: Submatucana paucicostata = Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. Orchidaceae (F.Ritter) Backeb. ◆ Weed - 2 Maxillaria cucullata Lindl. Matucana polzii L.Diers, Donald Matthiola fruticulosa (L.) Maire Orchidaceae & E.Zecher Brassicaceae Cactaceae Maxillaria curtipes Hook. ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Matucana ritteri Buining Matthiola incana (L.) R.Br. Cactaceae Maxillaria densa Lindl. Brassicaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Matucana tuberculata (Don.) R.Bregman, A.Meerstadt, P.Melis & A.B.Pullen Maxillaria endresii Rchb. f. Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. Cactaceae Orchidaceae Brassicaceae See: Matthiola bicornis (Sm.) DC. Matucana weberbaueri (Vaupel) Maxillaria longifolia (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 4A Backeb. Orchidaceae Cactaceae Matucana aurantiaca (Vaupel) Buxb. Maxillaria luteo-alba Lindl. Cactaceae Maughaniella luckhoffii (N.E.Br.) Orchidaceae L.Bolus Matucana aureiflora F.Ritter Maxillaria nigrescens Lindl. Aizoaceae Cactaceae Orchidaceae M Maurandella antirrhiniflora (Humb. Matucana blancii Backeb. Maxillaria picta Hooker & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Rothm. Cactaceae Orchidaceae Scrophulariaceae Matucana currundayensis F.Ritter See: Asarina antirrhiniflora (Humb. Maxillaria porphyrostele Rchb. f. Cactaceae & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Pennell, Orchidaceae Maurandya antirrhiniflora Willd. Matucana formosa F.Ritter Maxillaria pumila Hook. Cactaceae Maurandya antirrhiniflora Willd. Orchidaceae Scrophulariaceae Matucana fruticosa F.Ritter Maxillaria rufescens Lindl. = Maurandella antirrhiniflora Cactaceae Orchidaceae (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Rothm. = Maxillaria acutifolia Schltr. Matucana haynei (Otto ex Salm-Dyck) ◆ Weed Britton & Rose Maxillaria rupestris Barb.Rodr. Maurandya barclaiana Lindl. Cactaceae Orchidaceae Scrophulariaceae See: Borzicactus haynei (Otto See: Asarina barclaiana (Lindl.) Maxillaria sanderiana Rchb. f. ex Salm-Dyck) Kimnach Pennell Orchidaceae Matucana huagalensis (Donald ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Maxillaria sanguinolenta (Lindl.) & A.B.Lau) Bregmann Maurandya purpusii Brandegee C.Schweinf. Cactaceae Scrophulariaceae Orchidaceae Matucana hystrix Rauh & Backeb. Maurandya scandens (Cav.) Pers. Maxillaria seidelii Pabst Cactaceae Scrophulariaceae Orchidaceae Matucana intertexta F.Ritter ◆ Weed Maxillaria sophronitis (Rchb. f.) Garay Cactaceae Mauranthemum paludosum (Poir.) Orchidaceae Matucana krahnii (Donald) Bregmann Vogt & Oberprieler Maxillaria tenuifolia Lindl. Cactaceae Asteraceae Orchidaceae See: Chrysanthemum paludosum Matucana madisoniorum (Hutchison) Poir., Hymenostemma paludosum Maxillaria valenzuelana (A.Rich.) Nash G.D.Rowley Willk or Pomel Orchidaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 See: Borzicactus madisoniorum Maxillaria vandiformis (Schltr.) Hutchison, Submatucana Mauritia carana Wallace C.Schweinf. madisoniorum (Hutchison) Backeb. Arecaceae Orchidaceae

304 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Maxillaria variabilis Batem. ex Lindl. Meconopsis regia G.Taylor Medicago murex Willd. Orchidaceae Papaveraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Medicago sphaerocarpos Bertol. bachmannii (Loes.) Marais Meconopsis X sheldonii G.Taylor ◆ Weed Celastraceae Papaveraceae = Meconopsis betonicifolia Franch. Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal. Maytenus boaria Molina X Meconopsis grandis Prain. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Celastraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed Meconopsis villosa (Hook. f. ex Hook.) G.Taylor Medicago polymorpha L. Maytenus canariensis (Loes.) G.Kunkel Papaveraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae & Sunding ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Celastraceae Medemia argun (Martius.) Wurtt. ex H.A.Wendl. Medicago praecox DC. Maytenus disticha (Hook. f.) Urban Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Celastraceae ◆ Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. Weed - N - 2 - 3 Maytenus heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Medicago radiata L. N.Robson ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Celastraceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Medicago arborea L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Medicago rigidula (L.) All. Maytenus magellanica (Lam.) Hook. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Celastraceae Medicago blancheana Boiss. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Maytenus peduncularis (Sond.) Loes. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Medicago rotata Boiss. Celastraceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell. Medicago ciliaris (L.) All. ◆ Weed Celastraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Medicago rugosa Desr. ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Blakelock Medicago falcata L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Celastraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Medicago sativa L. = Medicago sativa L. ssp. falcata (L.) Maytenus wallichiana (Spreng. ex Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Arcang. Wight & Arn.) D.C.S.Raju & Babu See: Medicago falcata L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Celastraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3 - 5 Medicago intertexta (L.) Mill. M Mazus reptans N.E.Br. Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Scrophulariaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small Medicago italica (Mill.) Fiori Medicago sphaerocarpos Bertol. Scrophulariaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A See: Medicago tornata (L.) Mill. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Medicago murex Willd. Meconopsis baileyi Prain ◆ Weed Papaveraceae Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill. Medicago suffruticosa Ramond ex DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Meconopsis betonicifolia Franch. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Papaveraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 Medicago tornata (L.) Mill. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Meconopsis cambrica (L.) Vig. Medicago littoralis Rohde ex Loisel. = Medicago italica (Mill.) Fiori Papaveraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Weed - N - 2 - 3A Medicago tribuloides Desr. Meconopsis dhwojii G.Taylor ex Hay Medicago littoralis Rohde ex Loisel. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Papaveraceae X Medicago tornata (L.) Mill. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Medicago truncatula Gaertn. Meconopsis discigera Prain ◆ Weed Papaveraceae Medicago lupulina L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Medicago truncatula Gaertn. Meconopsis grandis Prain ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Papaveraceae See: Medicago tribuloides Desr. Medicago minima (L.) Bartal. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Meconopsis heterophylla Benth. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Papaveraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Medinilla astronioides Triana Melastomataceae Meconopsis horridula Hook. f. Medicago monantha (C.A.Mey.) Trautv. & Thoms. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Medinilla cumingii Naud. Papaveraceae See: Trigonella monantha C.A.Mey., Melastomataceae Trigonella noeana Boiss. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Meconopsis napaulensis DC. ◆ Weed Papaveraceae Medinilla magnifica Lindl. Medicago monspeliaca (L.) Trautv. Melastomataceae Meconopsis quintuplinervia Regel Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Papaveraceae See: Trigonella monspeliaca L. ◆ Weed - N

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 305 Medinilla mannii Hook. f. Melaleuca parvistaminea Brynes L. Melastomataceae Myrtaceae Melianthaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 Medinilla multiflora Merr. Melastomataceae Melaleuca pentagona Labill. Melianthus minor L. Myrtaceae Melianthaceae Medinilla myriantha Merr. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A = Melianthus comosus Vahl Melastomataceae Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T.Blake Melianthus pectinatus Harv. Medinilla scortechinii King Myrtaceae Melianthaceae Melastomataceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Melianthus villosus Bolus Medinilla speciosa Blume Melaleuca styphelioides Sm. Melianthaceae Melastomataceae Myrtaceae argyrea Hack. Medinilla venosa Blume ◆ Weed - Nn Poaceae Melastomataceae Melaleuca viminea Lindl. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 Melica bauhinii All. Myrtaceae Poaceae Mediocactus coccineus (DC.) Britton ◆ Weed - Nn & Rose Melica californica Scribn. divaricatum (Rich.) DC. Cactaceae Poaceae Asteraceae = Selenicereus setaceus (Salm-Dyck ) ◆ Weed - 3 Melica canariensis W.Hempel Werderm. Poaceae Melampodium leucanthum Torr. Mediocalcar agathodaemonis J.J.Sm. & A.Gray L. Orchidaceae Asteraceae Poaceae Mediocalcar bifolium J.J.Sm. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 2 Orchidaceae Melanoselinum decipiens (Schrad. Melica imperfecta Trin. Medusanthera laxiflora (Miers) & J.C.Wendl) Hoffm. Poaceae R.A.Howard Apiaceae Melica macra Nees Icacinaceae ◆ Weed - N Poaceae Megaskepasma erythrochlamys Lindau Melanoselinum edule Drude ◆ Weed Acanthaceae Apiaceae Melica minuta L. = Monizia edulis Lowe. M Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) Poaceae B.K.Simon & S.W.L.Jacobs Melasphaerula ramosa (L.) N.E.Br. ◆ Weed Poaceae Iridaceae Melica nutans L. See: Panicum maximum Jacq., candidum D.Don Poaceae Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) Webster Melastomataceae ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - N - 5 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Melica violacea Cav. Melaleuca armillaris (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Sm. Melastoma denticulatum Labill. Poaceae Myrtaceae Melastomataceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Melastoma malabathricum L. Melicoccus bijuga L. Melaleuca decussata R.Br. Melastomataceae Sapindaceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 = Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Melastoma sanguineum Sims Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. Melaleuca diosmifolia Andrews Melastomataceae Sapindaceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 See: Melicoccus bijuga L. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Melia azadirachta L. Melaleuca hypericifolia Sm. Meliaceae barbigera A.Gray Myrtaceae = Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Rutaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A See: Pelea barbigera (Gray) Hbd. L. Melaleuca incana R.Br. Meliaceae Melicope ternata J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Rutaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Melia dubia Cav. Melicytus alpinus (Kirk) Garn.-Jones Melaleuca lanceolata Otto Meliaceae Violaceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Melia toosendan Sieb. & Zucc. Melicytus chathamicus (F.Müell.) Meliaceae Garn.-Jones Melaleuca linariifolia Sm. Violaceae Myrtaceae Melianthus comosus Vahl ◆ Weed - Nn Melianthaceae (R.Br. ex DC.) See: Melianthus minor L. Molloy & D.J.Mabberley Melaleuca nesophila F.Müell. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Violaceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A

306 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Melicytus lanceolatus Hook. f. Melilotus polonicus (L.) Desr. Melocactus acispinosus Buining Violaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae & Brederoo ◆ Weed Cactaceae Melicytus latifolius (Endl.) P.S.Green = Melocactus bahiensis (Britton Violaceae Melilotus sicula Vitm. & Rose) Luetzelb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Melicytus macrophyllus A.Cunn. = Melilotus siculus (Turra) Vitman Melocactus albicephalus Buining Violaceae ex B.D.Jacks. & Brederoo Melicytus micranthus Hook. f. ◆ Weed Cactaceae Violaceae = Melocactus ernestii Vaupel X Melilotus siculus (Turra) Vitman ex Melocactus glaucescens Buining J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. B.D.Jacks. & Brederoo Violaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Melilotus messanensis (L.) All., Melocactus amethystinus Buining Melilotus alba Medik. Melilotus sicula Vitm. & Brederoo Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Cactaceae = Melilotus albus Medik. See: Melocactus lensselinkianus ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Melilotus speciosus Durieu Buining & Brederoo Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Melilotus albus Medik. Melocactus andinus R.Gruber Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Melilotus sulcata Desf. ex N.P.Taylor See: Melilotus alba Medik. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 = Melilotus sulcatus Desf. ◆ Weed - 3 Melocactus azureus Buining & Brederoo Melilotus altissima Thuill. Cactaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Melilotus sulcatus Desf. = Melilotus altissimus Thuill. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Melocactus bahiensis (Britton & Rose) ◆ Weed - 3 See: Melilotus neapolitana Ten., Luetzelb. Melilotus sulcata Desf. Cactaceae Melilotus altissimus Thuill. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 See: Melocactus acispinosus Buining Leguminosae - Papilionaceae & Brederoo See: Melilotus altissima Thuill. Melilotus tauricus (M.Bieb.) Ser. ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Melocactus bellavistensis Rauh & Backeb. Melilotus dentatus (Waldst. & Kit.) Pers. Melinis minutiflora P.Beauv. Cactaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5A Melocactus broadwayi (Britton & Rose) M A.Berger Melilotus hirsutus Lipsky Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka Cactaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae See: Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) Melocactus caesius H.L.Wendl. Melilotus indica (L.) All. C.E.Hubb., Tricholaena rosea Nees Cactaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A = Melocactus curvispinus Pfeiff. = (L.) All. ◆ Weed - 1A - 3A Meliosma cuneifolia Franch. Melocactus canescens F.Ritter Sabiaceae Cactaceae Melilotus indicus (L.) All. = Melocactus zehntneri (Britton Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Meliosma dilleniifolia (Wall. ex Wight & Rose) Backeb. See: Melilotus indica (L.) All. & Arn.) Walp. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Sabiaceae Melocactus caroli-linnaei N.P.Taylor Cactaceae Melilotus italica (L.) Lam. Meliosma myriantha Sieb. & Zucc. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Sabiaceae Melocactus concinnus Buining = Melilotus italicus (L.) All. & Brederoo Meliosma parviflora Lecomte ◆ Weed Cactaceae Sabiaceae Melilotus italicus (L.) Lam. Melocactus conoideus Buining Meliosma tenuis Maxim. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae & Brederoo Sabiaceae See: Melilotus italica (L.) Lam. Cactaceae ◆ Weed Meliosma veitchiorum Hemsl. Melocactus cremnophilus Buining Sabiaceae Melilotus messanensis (L.) All. & Brederoo Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Melissa officinalis L. Cactaceae = Melilotus siculus (Turra) Vitman Lamiaceae Melocactus curvispinus Pfeiff. ex B.D.Jacks. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3A Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 Melittis melissophyllum L. See: Melocactus caesius H.L.Wendl., Melilotus neapolitana Ten. Lamiaceae Melocactus maxonii (Rose) Gürke Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Melocactus deinacanthus Buining = Melilotus sulcatus Desf. Melloa quadrivalvis (Jacq.) A.Gentry & Brederoo Melilotus officinalis Lam. Bignoniaceae Cactaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 307 Melocactus diersianus Buining Melocactus neryi Schum. Melocactus zehntneri (Britton & Rose) & Brederoo Cactaceae Backeb. Cactaceae Cactaceae Melocactus oaxacensis (Britton = Melocactus levitestatus Buining See: Melocactus canescens F.Ritter & Rose) Backeb. & Brederoo Cactaceae Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz Melocactus ernestii Vaupel Poaceae Melocactus oreas Miq. Cactaceae Cactaceae Melocanna virgata Munro See: Melocactus erythracanthus See: Melocactus rubrisaetosus Poaceae Buining & Brederoo Buining & Brederoo Melocanna zollingeri (Steud.) Kurz Melocactus erythracanthus Buining Melocactus pachyacanthus Buining ex Munro & Brederoo & Brederoo Poaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Schizostachyum zollingeri Steud. = Melocactus ernestii Vaupel Melocactus paucispinus Heimen Melochia pyramidata L. Melocactus estevesii P.J.Braun & R.J.Paul Sterculiaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Melocactus glaucescens Buining Melocactus perezassoi A.E.Areces- Melodinus baueri Endl. & Brederoo Mallea Apocynaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Melodinus scandens J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Melocactus guitarti León Melocactus peruvianus Vaupel Apocynaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Melodinus suaveolens Champ. ex Benth. Melocactus harlowii (Britton & Rose) See: Melocactus jansenianus (Borg) Apocynaceae Vaupel Backeb. Cactaceae Melodorum leichhardtii (F.Müell.) Benth. Melocactus praerupticola A.E.Areces- Annonaceae Melocactus intortus (Mill.) Urb. Mallea Cactaceae Cactaceae edule Roxb. Melastomataceae Melocactus jansenianus (Borg) Backeb. Melocactus roraimensis P.J.Braun Cactaceae & Esteves Mendoncella fimbriata (Linden = Melocactus peruvianus Vaupel Cactaceae & Rchb. f.) Garay = Melocactus smithii (Alexander) Orchidaceae Melocactus krainzianus Buining M Buining & Brederoo Menispermum canadense L. Cactaceae Melocactus rubrisaetosus Buining Menispermaceae & Brederoo ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Melocactus lanssensianus P.J.Braun Cactaceae Cactaceae Menispermum dauricum DC. = Melocactus oreas Miq. Menispermaceae Melocactus lemairei Miq.or Lem. Melocactus rubrispinus F.Ritter ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae Cactaceae Mentha aquatica L. Melocactus lensselinkianus Buining = Melocactus levitestatus Buining Lamiaceae & Brederoo & Brederoo ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Cactaceae Melocactus salvadorensis Werderm. = Melocactus amethystinus Buining Mentha aquatica L. X Mentha arvensis L. Cactaceae & Brederoo Lamiaceae Melocactus schatzlii H.Till & R.Gruber = Mentha X verticillata L. Melocactus levitestatus Buining Cactaceae ◆ Weed & Brederoo Cactaceae Melocactus securituberculatus Buining Mentha aquatica L. X Mentha arvensis See: Melocactus diersianus Buining & Brederoo L. X Mentha spicata L. & Brederoo, Melocactus rubrispinus Cactaceae Lamiaceae F.Ritter, Melocactus securituberculatus = Melocactus levitestatus Buining = Mentha X smithiana R.A.Graham. Buining & Brederoo, Melocactus & Brederoo ◆ Weed warasii E.Pereira & Buenecker Melocactus smithii (Alexander) Buining Mentha aquatica L. X Mentha spicata L. Melocactus macracanthos (Salm-Dyck) Cactaceae Lamiaceae Link & Otto. See: Melocactus roraimensis = Mentha X piperita L. Cactaceae P.J.Braun & Esteves ◆ Weed Melocactus matanzanus Leon Melocactus violaceus Pfeiff. Mentha arvensis L. Cactaceae Cactaceae Lamiaceae See: Mentha gentilis L. Melocactus maxonii (Rose) Gürke Melocactus warasii E.Pereira ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Cactaceae & Buenecker = Melocactus curvispinus Pfeiff. Cactaceae Mentha australis R.Br. = Melocactus levitestatus Buining Lamiaceae Melocactus mazelianus Riha & Brederoo ◆ Weed - Nn Cactaceae

308 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Mentha basilica Lojac. Mentha X rotundifolia (L.) Hudson Menyanthes trifoliata L. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae = Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 Mentha citrata Ehrh. X Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. Lamiaceae Menziesia ciliicalyx Maxim. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 = Mentha X piperita L. nothosubsp. Ericaceae citrata L. Mentha sativa L. Menziesia multiflora Maxim. ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Ericaceae = Mentha X verticillata L. Mentha cordifolia Opiz ex Fresen. Menziesia pentandra Maxim. Lamiaceae Mentha X smithiana R.A.Graham Ericaceae = Mentha spicata L. Lamiaceae = Mentha aquatica L. X Mentha Menziesia polifolia Juss. Mentha gentilis L. arvensis L. X Mentha spicata L. Ericaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 = Mentha arvensis L. annua L. ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Mentha spicata L. Euphorbiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Mentha X gentilis auct. See: Mentha cordifolia Opiz Lamiaceae ex Fresen., Mentha viridis (L.) L. Merendera montana (L.) Lange = Mentha X gracilis Sole ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Mentha spicata L. X Mentha Merendera sobolifera Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Mentha X gracilis Sole suaveolens Ehrh. Liliaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Merinthosorus drynarioides (Hk.) Cop. = Mentha arvensis L. X Mentha = Mentha X villosa Huds. Polypodiaceae spicata L. ◆ Weed - 2 See: Mentha X gentilis auct. Meriolix intermedia Rydb. ex Small ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. Onagraceae Lamiaceae = Calylophus serrulatus (Nutt.) Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 P.H.Raven Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 Mentha X verticillata L. Meriolix oblanceolata Rydb. Lamiaceae Onagraceae Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. X Mentha = Mentha aquatica L. X Mentha = Calylophus serrulatus (Nutt.) spicata L. arvensis L. P.H.Raven Lamiaceae See: Mentha sativa L. M = Mentha X villosonervata Opiz ◆ Weed - 1 Meriolix serrulata (Nutt.) Walp. ◆ Weed - 2 Onagraceae Mentha X villosa Huds. = Calylophus serrulatus (Nutt.) Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. X Mentha Lamiaceae P.H.Raven suaveolens Ehrh. = Mentha spicata L. X Mentha Lamiaceae suaveolens Ehrh. Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urb. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Convolvulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Mentha X niliaca Jacq. Mentha X villosonervata Opiz. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Merremia aurea (Kellogg) O’Donell ◆ Weed = Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. Convolvulaceae X Mentha spicata L. Mentha X piperita L. Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hallier f. ◆ Weed - 2 Lamiaceae Convolvulaceae = Mentha aquatica L. X Mentha Mentha viridis (L.) L. See: Ipomoea dissecta (Jacq.) Pursh spicata L. Lamiaceae nom. illeg., Ipomoea sinuata Ortega See: Mentha citrata Ehrh. = Mentha spicata L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Merremia quinquefolia (L.) Hallier f. Mentha X piperita L. X Mentha Mentzelia dispersa S.Watson Convolvulaceae citrata Ehrh. Loasaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Lamiaceae Mentzelia laevicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle Mentha X piperita L. X Mentha Torr. & A.Gray Convolvulaceae tingitana Ehrh. Loasaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Merrillia caloxylon (Ridl.) Swingle Mentha pulegium L. Mentzelia lindleyi Torr. & A.Gray Rutaceae Lamiaceae Loasaceae Mertensia asiatica Macbride ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Boraginaceae Mentha requienii Benth. Mentzelia micrantha (Hook. & Arn.) Mertensia ciliata (James ex Torr.) G.Don Lamiaceae Torr. & A.Gray Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Loasaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Mentzelia nuda (Pursh) Torr. & A.Gray Loasaceae Mertensia echioides Benth. ◆ Weed - 3 Boraginaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 309 Mertensia maritima (L.) Gray Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu Metroxylon salomonense (Warb.) Becc. Boraginaceae & W.C.Cheng Arecaceae ◆ Weed Taxodiaceae Metroxylon vitiense (H.Wendl.) Beccari ◆ Weed - 1 Mertensia sibirica (L.) G.Don Arecaceae Boraginaceae Metaxya rostrata (Kunth) C.Presl Metroxylon warburgii Becc. Metaxyaceae Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers. ex Link Arecaceae Boraginaceae Metrosideros albiflora Soland. Meum athamanticum Jacq. ◆ Weed - 2 ex Gaertn. Apiaceae Myrtaceae Merwilla plumbea (Lindl.) Speta ◆ Weed - 2 Hyacinthaceae Metrosideros bartlettii J.W.Dawson Meyerocactus horizonthalonius (Lem.) Myrtaceae angustifolia (Endl.) Seem. Doweld Araliaceae Metrosideros carminea W.R.B.Oliv. Cactaceae Myrtaceae Meryta denhamii Seem. Mezobromelia capituligera (Griseb.) Araliaceae Metrosideros colensoi Hook. f. J.R.Grant Myrtaceae Bromeliaceae (Endl.) Seem. Araliaceae Metrosideros collina (J.R.Forst. Mibora minima (L.) Desv. & G.Forst.) A.Gray Poaceae (Hook. f.) Seem. Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Araliaceae See: Metrosideros vitiencensis Michauxia campanuloides L’Hérit. Mesembryanthemum aitonis Jacq. nom. inval. Campanulaceae Aizoaceae Metrosideros collinus (G.Forst.) A.Gray ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Michelia X alba DC. Myrtaceae Magnoliaceae Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Metrosideros diffusa (G.Forst.) Sm. = Michelia champaca L. X Michelia Aizoaceae Myrtaceae montana Blume ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Metrosideros excelsa Sol. ex Gaertn. Michelia cavaleriei Finet & Gagnep. Mesembryanthemum floribundum Haw. Myrtaceae Magnoliaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 = Drosanthemum floribundum Michelia champaca L. (Haw.) Schwantes Metrosideros kermadecensis Magnoliaceae M W.R.B.Oliv. ◆ Weed - 2 Mesembryanthemum minimum Haw. Myrtaceae Aizoaceae Michelia compressa (Maxim.) Sarg. ◆ Weed Magnoliaceae Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L. Metrosideros lucida A.Rich. Aizoaceae Michelia crassipes Y.W.Law Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 Magnoliaceae Metrosideros operculata Labill. Mesembryanthemum tenuifolium L. Michelia doltsopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Myrtaceae Aizoaceae Magnoliaceae Metrosideros perforata (J.R.Forst. ◆ Weed Mespilus germanica L. & G.Forst.) A.Rich. Rosaceae Michelia doltsopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - 2 X Michelia figo (Lour.) Spreng. Metrosideros robusta A.Cunn. Magnoliaceae Messerschmidia argentea (L. f.) Myrtaceae Johnst. Michelia figo (Lour.) Spreng. Boraginaceae Metrosideros tomentosa A.Rich. Magnoliaceae = Tournefortia argentea L. f. Myrtaceae ◆ Weed Messerschmidia fruticosa L. f. Metrosideros umbellata Cav. Michelia fuscata (Andrews) Blume Boraginaceae Myrtaceae Magnoliaceae Mestoklema arboriforme (Burch.) Metrosideros vitiencensis nom. illeg. Michelia lanuginosa Wall. N.E.Br. ex Glen Myrtaceae Magnoliaceae Aizoaceae = Metrosideros collina (J.R.Forst. Michelia longifolia Blume & G.Forst.) A.Gray Mesua ferrea L. Magnoliaceae Clusiaceae Metroxylon americarum (Wendl.) Becc. Michelia macclurei Dandy Arecaceae delavayi (Franch.) J.Wen Magnoliaceae ◆ Weed & Frodin Michelia maudiae Dunn Araliaceae Metroxylon amicarum (H.Wendl.) Becc. Magnoliaceae Arecaceae Metaplexis japonica (Thunb.) Makino Michelia pilifera Bakh.f Asclepiadaceae Metroxylon sagu Rottb. Magnoliaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Arecaceae ◆ Weed Michelia platypetala Hand.-Mazz. Magnoliaceae

310 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Michelia skinneriana Dunn Micranthus alopecuroides (L.) Rothm. Micromeria varia Benth. Magnoliaceae Iridaceae Lamiaceae Michelia velutina DC. Microbiota decussata Kom. Micromeria viminea (L.) Urb. Magnoliaceae Cupressaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Michelia yunnanensis Franch. ex Finet Micrococca mercurialis (L.) Benth. & Gagnepain Euphorbiaceae Micromyrtus rotundifolia A.R.Bean Magnoliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A Myrtaceae DC. Microcoelum weddellianum (H.Wendl.) Micropera apiculata (Rchb. f.) Garay Melastomataceae H.E.Moore Orchidaceae See: Miconia magnifica Triana Arecaceae Micropera philippinensis (Lindl.) Garay ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Miconia lauriformis Naudin Microcycas calocoma (Miq.) A.DC. Micropterum papulosum (L. f.) Melastomataceae Zamiaceae Schwantes Miconia magnifica Triana Microgramma nitida (J.Sm.) A.R.Sm. Aizoaceae Melastomataceae Polypodiaceae = Cleretum papulosum (L. f.) N.E.Br. = Miconia calvescens DC. ◆ Weed avenacea (Raoul) Hook. f. ◆ Weed Poaceae Microsorum brachylepis (Baker) Nakaike Miconia racemosa (Aubl.) DC. Polypodiaceae Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R.Br. Melastomataceae Poaceae Microsorum fortunei (T.Moore) Ching ◆ Weed - N - 4 ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 Polypodiaceae Micranthemum umbrosum (Walter firma Mett. ex Kuhn Microsorum linguiforme (Mett.) Copel. ex Gmel.) Blake Dennstaedtiaceae Polypodiaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 4 Microlepia hirta (Kaulfuss) K.Presl Microsorum monstrosum (Copel.) Dennstaedtiaceae Copel. Micranthocereus albicephalus (Buining = Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) C.Presl Polypodiaceae & Brederoo) F.Ritter Cactaceae Microlepia marginata Christ. Microsorum musifolium (Blume) Copel. Dennstaedtiaceae Polypodiaceae Micranthocereus auri-azureus Buining & Brederoo Microlepia platyphylla (D.Don) J.Sm. Microsorum pappei (Kuhn) Tardieu M Cactaceae Dennstaedtiaceae Polypodiaceae Micranthocereus densiflorus Buining Microlepia pyramidata Lacaita Microsorum parksii (Copel.) Copel. & Brederoo Dennstaedtiaceae Polypodiaceae Cactaceae Microlepia speluncae (L.) T.Moore Microsorum pteropus (Blume) Copel. Micranthocereus dolichospermaticus Dennstaedtiaceae Polypodiaceae (Buining & Brederoo) F.Ritter ◆ Weed - Nn Microsorum scolopendria (Burm. f.) Cactaceae Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) C.Presl Copel. See: Austrocephalocereus Dennstaedtiaceae Polypodiaceae dolichospermaticus Buining See: Microlepia hirta (Kaulfuss) = Phymatosorus scolopendria & Brederoo, Siccobaccatus K.Presl (Burm. f.) Pic.Serm. dolichospermaticus (Buining ◆ ◆ Weed Weed - Nn & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves Microloma sagittatum (L.) R.Br. Microsorum scolopendrium (Burm. f.) Micranthocereus estevesii (Buining Asclepiadaceae Copel. & Brederoo) F.Ritter Polypodiaceae Cactaceae Micromeria biflora (Buch.-Ham. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ex D.Don) Benth. Micranthocereus flaviflorus Buining Microsorum sibomense (Rosenst.) Copel. Lamiaceae & Brederoo Polypodiaceae Cactaceae Micromeria corsica (Benth.) H.Lév. Microsorum vieillardii (Mett.) Copel. Lamiaceae Micranthocereus polyanthus Polypodiaceae (Werderm.) Backeb. Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Reichb. apiifolia DC. Cactaceae Lamiaceae Asteraceae Micranthocereus purpureus (Gürke) Micromeria helianthemifolia Webb Mikania micrantha Kunth F.Ritter & Berthel. Asteraceae Cactaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Micranthocereus streckeri W.van Heek Micromeria juliana (L.) Bentham Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. & L.van Criekinge Lamiaceae Asteraceae Cactaceae Micromeria thymifolia (Scop.) Fritsch ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Micranthocereus violaciflorus Buining Lamiaceae Mikania ternata (Vell.) B.L.Robinson Cactaceae Asteraceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 311 Mila caespitosa Britton & Rose Miltonioides karwinskii (Lindl.) Brieger speggazzinii Pirotta Cactaceae & Lückel Leguminosae - Mimosaceae See: Mila fortalezensis Rauh Orchidaceae Mimosa uraguensis Hook. & Arn. & Backeb. Miltoniopsis phalaenopsis (Linden Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Mila fortalezensis Rauh & Backeb. & Rchb. f.) Mimulus aurantiacus Curtis Cactaceae Orchidaceae Scrophulariaceae = Mila caespitosa Britton & Rose Mimetes argenteus Kinight See: Diplacus puniceus Nutt., Mila nealeana Backeb. Proteaceae Mimulus puniceus (Nutt.) Steud. Cactaceae Mimetes cucullatus (L) R.Br. Mimulus bifidus Pennell Milium effusum L. Proteaceae Scrophulariaceae Poaceae Mimetes hirtus (L.) Salisb. ex Knight = Diplacus grandiflorus (Lindl.) ◆ Weed - 2 Proteaceae Groenl. Millettia atropurpurea (Wall.) Benth. Mimetes hottentoticus Phill. & Hutch Mimulus brevipes Benth. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Proteaceae Scrophulariaceae Millettia caffra Meisn. Mimetes lyrigera Knight Mimulus X burnetii S.Arn. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Proteaceae Scrophulariaceae = Mimulus cupreus Dombrain Millettia dielsiana Harms Mimosa acanthocarpa (Willd.) Poir. X Mimulus guttatus DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Millettia dura Dunn Mimosa aculeaticarpa Ortega Mimulus cardinalis Dougl. ex Benth. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed See: Mimosa biuncifera Benth. ◆ Weed Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.) Baker Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze Mimulus cupreus Dombrain X Mimulus Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae luteus L. ◆ Weed - 2 Millettia grandis (E.Mey.) Skeels Scrophulariaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Mimosa biuncifera Benth. ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Millettia nitida Benth. Mimulus glutinosus J.C.Wendl. = Mimosa aculeaticarpa Ortega Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Scrophulariaceae var. biuncifera (Benth.) Barneby = Diplacus aurantiacus (Curtis) Jeps. M Millettia ovalifolia (Wight & Arn.) Kurz ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Mimulus guttatus Fisch. ex DC. Mimosa borealis Gray Scrophulariaceae Millettia sutherlandi Harv. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Mimosa bracaatinga Hoehne Mimulus guttatus Fisch. ex DC. Millettia thonningii (Schumach.) Baker Leguminosae - Mimosaceae X Mimulus luteus L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae C.Wright Scrophulariaceae Miltonia X bluntii Rchb. f. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae See: Mimulus X hybridus Voss Orchidaceae See: Mimosa invisa Mart. ex Colla ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Miltonia candida Lindl. Mimulus X hybridus Voss Orchidaceae Mimosa dysocarpa Benth. Scrophulariaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae = Mimulus guttatus Fisch. ex DC. Miltonia clowesii (Lindl.) Lindl. X Mimulus luteus L. Orchidaceae Mimosa invisa Mart. ex Colla Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Mimulus lewisii Pursh Miltonia flavescens (Lindl.) Lindl. = Mimosa diplotricha C.Wright Scrophulariaceae Orchidaceae ex Sauvalle ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Miltonia karwinskii (Lindl.) Lindl. Weed - 1 - 3 - 4A - 5 Mimulus luteus L. Orchidaceae Mimosa lindheimeri Gray Scrophulariaceae Miltonia phalaenopsis (Linden Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 & Rchb. f.) G.Nicholson L. Mimulus X maculosus T.Moore Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Miltonia regnellii Rchb. f. = Mimulus cupreus Dombrain Orchidaceae L. X Mimulus luteus L. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Miltonia roezlii (Rchb. f.) G.Nicholson ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Orchidaceae Mimulus moschatus Dougl. ex Lindl. Mimosa rubicaulis Lam. Scrophulariaceae Miltonia spectabilis Lindl. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 2A - 5 Mimulus nepalensis Benth. Miltonia vexillaria (Reichb. f.) Nichols. Mimosa sensitiva L. Scrophulariaceae Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed

312 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Mimulus pictus (Curran ex Greene) Mirabilis longiflora L. Mitrophyllum niveum L.Bolus Gray Nyctaginaceae Aizoaceae Scrophulariaceae Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) A.Gray Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Mimulus primuloides Benth. Nyctaginaceae Malvaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Mimulus puniceus (Nutt.) Steud. Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacMill. Moenchia erecta (L.) Gaertn., B.Mey. Scrophulariaceae Nyctaginaceae & Scherb. = Mimulus aurantiacus Curtis var. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Caryophyllaceae puniceus (Nutt.) D.M.Thomps. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.) Warb. Mimulus ringens L. ex K.Schum. & Lauterb. Molineriella minuta (L.) Rouy Scrophulariaceae Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 See: Periballia minuta (L.) Asch. & Graebn. Mimulus X robertsii Silverside Miscanthus nepalensis (Trin.) Hack. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Scrophulariaceae Poaceae = Mimulus guttatus DC. X Mimulus ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench luteus L. var. rivularis Lindley Poaceae Miscanthus purpurascens Andersson ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 Poaceae Mimulus tilingii Regel ◆ Weed - 3 Mollugo verticillata L. Scrophulariaceae Molluginaceae Miscanthus saccharifer Benth. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3A - 4 - 5 Mimusops caffra E.Mey. ex A.DC. Poaceae Sapotaceae = Miscanthus sacchariflorus Molopospermum peloponnesiacum Mimusops coriacea (A.DC.) Miq. (Maxim.) Benth. (L.) Koch Apiaceae Sapotaceae Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Benth. Mimusops obovata Nees ex Sond. Poaceae Moltkia doerfleri Wettst. Sapotaceae See: Miscanthus saccharifer Benth. Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Mimusops zeyheri Sond. Moltkia X intermedia (Froebel) J.Ingram Sapotaceae Miscanthus sinensis Andersson Boraginaceae Poaceae Moltkia suffruticosa (L.) Brand Mina lobata Cerv. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 M Convolvulaceae Boraginaceae Miscanthus transmorrisonensis Hayata = Ipomoea lobata (Cerv.) Thell. Moluccella laevis L. Poaceae Minuartia circassica (Albov) Woronow Lamiaceae ex Grossheim Misopates orontium (L.) Raf. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Scrophulariaceae Caryophyllaceae cardiospermoides Klotzsch ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 See: Arenaria circassica Albov Cucurbitaceae Mitchella repens L. Minuartia hybrida (Vill.) Schischk. L. Rubiaceae Caryophyllaceae Cucurbitaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - 2 Weed - N - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Mitella breweri A.Gray Minuartia laricifolia (L.) Schinz & Thell. Momordica foetida Schumach. Saxifragaceae Caryophyllaceae Cucurbitaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Mitella ovalis Greene ◆ Weed - 3 Saxifragaceae Minuartia mediterranea (Link) K.Maly Momordica friesiorum (Harms) C.Jeffrey Caryophyllaceae Mitella pentandra Hook. Cucurbitaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Saxifragaceae Momordica rostrata A.Zimm. Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. Cucurbitaceae Caryophyllaceae Rubiaceae See: Arenaria verna L. Monadenia bracteata (Sw.) T.Durand ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A ◆ Weed & Schinz Mitragyna rotundifolia (Roxb.) Kuntze Orchidaceae Minuartia yukonensis Hulten Rubiaceae = Disa bracteata Sw. Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Mitragyna speciosa Korth. Mirabilis dichotoma L. Rubiaceae Monadenium coccineum Pax Nyctaginaceae Euphorbiaceae Mitraria coccinea Cav. Mirabilis hirsuta (Pursh) MacMillan Gesneriaceae Monadenium elegans S.Carter Nyctaginaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 vandiflora Kurz Annonaceae Monadenium guentheri Pax L. Euphorbiaceae Nyctaginaceae Mitriostigma axillare Hochst. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Rubiaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 313 Monadenium invenustum N.E.Br. Monilaria pisiformis (Haw.) Schwant. Monstera standleyana Bunting Euphorbiaceae Aizoaceae Araceae Monadenium lugardae N.E.Br. Monizia edulis Lowe. Monstera subpinnata (Schott) Engl. Euphorbiaceae Apiaceae Araceae See: Melanoselinum edule Drude Monadenium parviflora N.E.Br. Monstera tenuis K.Koch Euphorbiaceae Monochaetum alpestre Naudin Araceae Melastomataceae Monadenium rhizophorum Bally Montanoa bipinnatifida (Kunth) K.Koch Euphorbiaceae Monochaetum bracteolatum Triana Asteraceae Melastomataceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 Monadenium stapelioides Pax. Euphorbiaceae Monochaetum vulcanicum Cogn. Montanoa grandiflora (DC.) Schultz Melastomataceae Asteraceae Monanthes brachycaulon Lowe Crassulaceae Monocostus uniflorus (Poepp. Montanoa hibiscifolia Benth. ex Petersen) Maas Asteraceae Monanthes laxiflora (DC.) Bolle Costaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Crassulaceae Monoculus monstrosus (Burm. f.) Montanoa leucantha (Lag.) S.F.Blake Monanthes muralis (Webb ex Bolle) B.Nord. Asteraceae Hook. f. Asteraceae Crassulaceae See: Osteospermum clandestinum Montanoa mollissima Brongn. Asteraceae Monanthes polyphylla Haw. (Less.) Norl., Tripteris clandestina Less. ◆ Crassulaceae Weed - N Montia fontana L. Monodora junodii Engl. & Diels Portulacaceae Monanthotaxis caffra (Sond.) Verdc. Annonaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 Annonaceae Monodora myristica (Gaertn.) Dunal Montia sibirica (L.) T.J.Howell Monanthotaxis chasei (Robson) Verdc. Annonaceae Portulacaceae Annonaceae = Claytonia sibirica L. Monolepis spathulata A.Gray Monarda austromontana Epling ◆ Weed Chenopodiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A Montinia caryophyllacea Thunb. Monarda bradburiana L.C.Beck Grossulariaceae Monomeria barbata Lindl. Lamiaceae M Orchidaceae Montiopsis umbellata (Ruiz & Pav.) Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. D.I.Ford Monopsis debilis (L.) C.Presl Lamiaceae Portulacaceae Campanulaceae ◆ Weed See: Monopsis simplex (L.) Wimm. Monvillea apoloensis Cárdenas Monarda clinopodia L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Cactaceae Lamiaceae Monopsis lutea (L.) Urb. Monvillea jaenensis Rauh & Backeb. Monarda didyma L. Campanulaceae Cactaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Monvillea spegazzinii Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - 2 Monopsis scabra (Thunb.) Cactaceae Monarda fistulosa L. Campanulaceae = Cereus spegazzinii F.A.C.Weber Lamiaceae Monopsis simplex (L.) Wimm. Moraea algoensis Goldblatt See: Monarda menthifolia Graham. Campanulaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 misapp. = Monopsis debilis (L.) Moraea angusta (Thunb.) Ker Gawl. Monarda menthifolia Graham. C.Presl ◆ Iridaceae Lamiaceae Weed = Monarda fistulosa L. ssp. fistulosa Monopsis unidentata (Ait.) E.Wimm. (D.Delaroche) Asch. var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern. Campanulaceae & Graebn. ◆ Weed - 3 Iridaceae Monstera adansonii Schott See: Moraea glaucopis (DC.) Drapiez Monarda punctata L. Araceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Monstera deliciosa Liebm. Moraea atropunctata Goldblatt Araceae Iridaceae Monarda russeliana Nutt. ex Sims ◆ Weed - 2A Lamiaceae Moraea barnardiella Goldblatt Monstera friedrichsthalii Schott Iridaceae Monardella odoratissima Benth. Araceae See: Galaxia barnardii Goldblatt Lamiaceae Monstera obliqua Miq. Moraea barnardii L.Bolus Mondia whiteii Skeels Araceae Iridaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed Moraea bellendenii (Sweet) N.E.Br. Monelytrum luderitzianum Hack. Monstera punctulata (Schott) Engler Iridaceae ex Schinz Croat ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Poaceae Araceae

314 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Moraea bipartita L.Bolus Moraea gracilenta Goldblatt Moraea polystachya (Thunb.) Ker Gawl. Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 3 Moraea herrei (L.Bolus) Goldblatt Moraea bituminosa Ker Gawl. Iridaceae Moraea ramosissima (L. f.) Druce Iridaceae Iridaceae Moraea huttonii (Baker) Oberm. Moraea britteniae (L.Bolus) P.Goldblatt Iridaceae Moraea saxicola Goldblatt Iridaceae Iridaceae See: Homeria britteniae Bolus Moraea inconspicua Goldblatt Iridaceae Moraea serpentina Baker Moraea caeca Barnard ex Goldblatt Iridaceae Iridaceae Moraea insolens Goldblatt Iridaceae (L. f.) Druce Moraea ciliata (L. f.) Ker Gawl. Iridaceae Iridaceae Moraea iridioides L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Iridaceae Moraea collina Thunb. = Dietes iridioides (L.) Klatt Moraea sisyrinchium (L.) Ker Gawl. Iridaceae Iridaceae See: Homeria breyniana (L.) Lewis, Moraea lewisiae (Goldblatt) Goldblatt ◆ Weed Homeria collina (Thunb.) Salisb. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N See: Hexaglottis lewisiae Goldblatt Moraea spathacea Ker Gawl. nom. illeg. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Iridaceae Moraea comptonii (L.Bolus) Goldblatt = Moraea spathulata (L. f.) Klatt Iridaceae Moraea loubseri Goldblatt Iridaceae Moraea spathulata (L. f.) Klatt Moraea cookii (L.Bolus) Goldblatt Iridaceae Iridaceae Moraea lurida Ker Gawl. See: Moraea spathacea Ker Gawl. See: Homeria cookii L.Bolus Iridaceae nom. illeg. ◆ Moraea crispa Ker Gawl. Moraea luteoalba (Goldblatt) Goldblatt Weed - N - 3 Iridaceae Iridaceae Moraea speciosa (L.Bolus) P.Goldblatt See: Galaxia luteo-alba Goldblatt Moraea debilis Goldblatt Iridaceae Iridaceae Moraea macrocarpa Goldblatt Moraea stagnalis (Goldblatt) Goldblatt Iridaceae Moraea diandra Vahl Iridaceae Iridaceae Moraea marlothii (L.Bolus) Goldblatt See: Galaxia stagnalis Goldblatt Iridaceae Moraea elegans Jacq. Moraea stricta Baker M Iridaceae Moraea miniata Andrews Iridaceae See: Homeria elegans (Jacq.) Sweet Iridaceae Moraea thomsonii Baker See: Homeria miniata (Andrews) Moraea falcifolia Klatt Iridaceae Sweet Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A Moraea tricolor Andrews Moraea fergusoniae L.Bolus Iridaceae Iridaceae Moraea moggii N.E.Br. Iridaceae Moraea tricuspidata (L.f) G.J.Lewis Moraea flaccida (Sweet) Steud. Iridaceae Iridaceae Moraea neglecta G.J.Lewis Iridaceae Moraea tripetala (L.f) Ker Gawl. See: Homeria flaccida Sweet Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A Moraea neopavonia R.C.Foster Iridaceae Moraea tulbaghensis L.Bolus Moraea fugacissima (L. f.) Goldblatt Iridaceae Iridaceae Moraea ochroleuca (Salisb.) Drapiez See: Galaxia fugacissima (L. f.) Druce Iridaceae Moraea unguiculata Ker Gawl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A See: Homeria ochroleuca Salisb. Iridaceae Moraea fugax (D.Delaroche) Jacq. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Moraea vegeta L. Iridaceae Iridaceae Moraea ovalifolia Goldblatt ◆ ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Weed - N - 1A - 2A Iridaceae Moraea versicolor (Salisb. ex Klatt) Moraea gawleri Spreng. Moraea pallida (Baker) Goldblatt Goldblatt Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae Moraea galaxia (L. f.) Goldblatt See: Homeria pallida Baker See: Galaxia versicolor Klatt J.C.Manning Moraea papilionacea (L. f.) Ker Gawl. Iridaceae Moraea villosa (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl. Iridaceae See: Galaxia ovata Thunb. Iridaceae Moraea pavonia (L. f.) Ker Gawl. Moraea gigandra L.Bolus Moraea villosa (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl. Iridaceae Iridaceae X Moraea aristata (D.Delaroche) ◆ Weed Asch. & Graebn. Moraea glaucopis (DC.) Drapiez Moraea polyanthos L. f. Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae = Moraea aristata (D.Delaroche) Moraea viscaria (L. f.) Ker Gawl. Asch. & Graebn. Iridaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 315 Morangaya pensilis (K.Brandegee) pterygosperma Gaertn. nom. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. G.D.Rowley illeg. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cactaceae Moringaceae See: Mucuna aterrima (Piper & Tracy) = Echinocereus pensilis (K.Brandegee) = Moringa oleifera Lam. Holland, Mucuna cochinchinensis J.A.Purpus ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A (Lour.) A.Chev., Mucuna deeringiana (Bort) Merr., Mucuna prurita Hook. Morawetzia sericata F.Ritter Morisia hypogaea J.Gay nom. illeg. Cactaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A = Oreocereus doelzianus (Backeb.) Morisia monanthos (Viv.) Ascherson Borg Mucuna prurita Hook. nom. illeg. Brassicaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Morella californica (Cham.) Wilbur Mormodes igneum Lindl. & Paxton = Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Myricaceae Orchidaceae See: Myrica californica Cham. Mucuna sloanei Fawc. & Rendle Mormodes maculatum (Klotzsch) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Morella caroliniensis (P.Mill.) Small L.O.Williams ◆ Weed Myricaceae Orchidaceae See: Myrica pensylvanica Mirb. Muehlenbeckia astonii Petrie. Mormolyca ringens (Lindl.) Schltr. Polygonaceae Morella cerifera (L.) Small Orchidaceae Myricaceae Muehlenbeckia X austracompla Allan See: Myrica cerifera L., Myrica Morphixia paniculata (D.Delaroche) Polygonaceae pusilla Raf. Baker Muehlenbeckia australis (Forst.) Meissn. ◆ Weed Iridaceae Polygonaceae = Ixia paniculata D.Delaroche Morella cordifolia (L.) Killick ◆ Weed - 1 Myricaceae Morus alba L. Muehlenbeckia axillaris (Hook. f.) Moraceae Morella faya (Aiton) Wilbur Walp. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Myricaceae Polygonaceae See: Myrica faya Aiton Morus australis Poir. = Muehlenbeckia complexa ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 - 5 Moraceae (A.Cunn.) Meisn. ◆ Weed - 5 ◆ Weed - Nn Morella pensylvanica (Mirb.) Kartesz Myricaceae Morus macroura Miq. Muehlenbeckia complexa (A.Cunn.) Moraceae Meisn. Morella rubra Lour. Polygonaceae M Myricaceae Morus multicaulis Perr. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed Moraceae Muehlenbeckia hastatula (Sm.) Morina longifolia Wall. ex DC. L. I.M.Johnston Morinaceae Moraceae Polygonaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed Morina nepalensis D.Don. Morus rubra L. Muehlenbeckia platyclada (F.J.Müell.) Morinaceae Moraceae Lindl. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Morina persica L. Polygonaceae Morinaceae Mucizonia hispida (Lam.) A.Berger = Homalocladium platycladum Crassulaceae (F.J.Müell.) Bailey Morinda citrifolia L. ◆ Weed Rubiaceae Mucuna aterrima (Piper & Tracy) ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 Holland Muiria hortenseae N.E.Br. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aizoaceae Morinda parvifolia Bartl. = Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis Rubiaceae Mukdenia rossii (Oliv.) Koidz. (Wallich ex Wight) Baker ex Burck Saxifragaceae Moringa aptera Gaertn. Mucuna bennettii F.Müell. Moringaceae Mundtia spinosa (L.) DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori. Mucuna cochinchinensis (Lour.) A. Chev. Moringa drouhardi Jum. Mundulea sericea (Willd.) A.Chev. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Moringaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis Moringa oleifera Lam. (Wallich ex Wight) Baker ex Burck Muntingia calabura L. Moringaceae Tiliaceae Mucuna deeringiana (Bort) Merr. See: Moringa pterygosperma ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Gaertn. nom. illeg. = Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis Muraltia heisteria (L.) DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 (Wallich ex Wight) Baker ex Burck Polygalaceae Moringa ovalifolia Dinter & Berger ◆ Weed - N - 1A Mucuna novoguineensis Scheff. Moringaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Murdannia elata (Vahl) G.Brückn. Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori. Commelinaceae Moringaceae Murdannia loureirii Rao & Kammathy See: Moringa aptera Gaertn. Commelinaceae

316 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan Musa sumatrana Becc. & Ridl. Muscari longipes Boiss. Commelinaceae Musaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 Musa textilis Nee Muscari macrocarpum Sweet exotica L. Musaceae Liliaceae Rutaceae ◆ Weed Muscari moschatum Willd. = (L.) Jack Musa thomsonii (G.King ex Liliaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A K.M.Schumann) A.M.Cowan Muscari motelayi Fouc. Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. & J.M.Cowan Liliaceae Rutaceae Musaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Muscari muscarimi Medik. Musa velutina H.Wendl. & Drude Liliaceae Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack Musaceae See: Muscari racemosum Mill. nom. Rutaceae ◆ Weed - 2 confus. = Murraya exotica L. Musa violacea How. ex Baker ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Musaceae Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten. Colla Musa zebrina Van Houtte ex Planch. Liliaceae Musaceae Musaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 See: Musa cavendishii Lamb., Musa = Musa acuminata Colla zebrina Van Houtte ex Planch., Musa Muscari pallens (Bieb.) Fischer X paradisiaca L. Muscari ambrosiacum Moench Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Liliaceae = Pseudomuscari pallens (Bieb.) Garbari Musa acuminata Colla X Musa Muscari argaei hort. balbisiana Colla Liliaceae Muscari paradoxum K.Koch Musaceae = Leichtlin Liliaceae = Musa X paradisiaca L. ex Baker ‘Argaei’ Muscari pinardi Boiss. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker Liliaceae Musa balbisiana Colla Liliaceae Muscari polyanthum Boiss. Musaceae See: Muscari argaei hort., Muscari Liliaceae ◆ Weed szovitsianum Baker ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Muscari pseudomuscari (Boiss. Musa basjoo Sieb. & Zucc. ex Iinuma & Buhse) Wendelbo Musaceae Muscari aucheri (Boiss.) Baker Liliaceae M ◆ Weed Liliaceae Muscari pulchellum Heldr. & Sart. Musa cavendishii Lamb. Muscari azureum Fenzl Liliaceae Musaceae Liliaceae = Musa acuminata Colla ◆ Weed - 2 Muscari racemosum Mill. nom. confus. Liliaceae Musa coccinea Andrews Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. = Muscari muscarimi Medik. Musaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Muscari sosnowskyi Schchian Musa ensete J.F.Gmel. Muscari chalusicum Stuart Liliaceae Musaceae Liliaceae = Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Muscari steupii Woronow & Tron Muscari coeleste Fomin Cheesman Liliaceae Liliaceae = Muscari dolichanthum Woronow Musa ingens Simmonds Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. & Tron Musaceae Liliaceae Muscari szovitsianum Baker Musa malaccensis Ridl. See: Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl. Liliaceae Musaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 = Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin Musa mannii H.Wendl. ex Baker Muscari dolichanthum Woronow & Tron ex Baker Musaceae Liliaceae Muscari tenuiflorum Tausch See: Muscari steupii Woronow & Tron Musa ornata Roxb. Liliaceae Musaceae Muscari grandifolium Baker ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 5 Liliaceae Muscari tubergenianum Hoog ex Turrill Musa X paradisiaca L. Muscari heldreichii Boiss. Liliaceae Musaceae Liliaceae Musella lasiocarpa (Franch.) C.Y.Wu = Musa acuminata Colla. X Musa Muscari holzmanni Hirc. Musaceae balbisiana Colla. Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2A Mussaenda arcuata Lam. ex Poir Muscari latifolium Kirk Rubiaceae Musa sikkimensis W.S.Kurz Liliaceae Musaceae Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumach. Muscari leucostomum Woronow & Thonn. Musa simiarum Kurz Liliaceae Rubiaceae Musaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 317 Mussaenda esquirolii Levl. Myosotis alpestris hort. Myosotis traversii Hook. f. Rubiaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae = Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm. Mussaenda flava (Verde.) Bakh. f. Myosurus minimus L. ◆ Weed Rubiaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed Myosotis alpina Lapeyr. ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 Boraginaceae Mussaenda frondosa L. Myrceugenella chequen (Molina) Kausel ◆ Weed Rubiaceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill Myrceugenia apiculata (DC.) Nied. Boraginaceae Mussaenda incana Wall. Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 Rubiaceae Myrceugenia exsucca (DC.) Berg. Myosotis asiatica (Vesterg.) Schischkin Mussaenda luteola Delile Myrtaceae & Sergievskaja Rubiaceae Boraginaceae Myrceugenia fernandeziana (Hook. Mussaenda philippica A.Rich. See: Myosotis alpestris hort. & Arn.) Johow Rubiaceae ◆ Weed Myrtaceae See: Myrceugenia luma O.Berg Mussaenda pubescens W.T.Aiton Myosotis baetica (Pérez Lara) nom. illeg. Rubiaceae M.L.Rocha Afonso Boraginaceae Musschia aurea (L. f.) DC. Myrceugenia lechleriana O.Berg Myrtaceae Campanulaceae Myosotis caespitosa Schultz Musschia wollastonii Lowe Boraginaceae Myrceugenia luma O.Berg nom. illeg. Campanulaceae = Myosotis laxa Lehm. ssp. caespitosa Myrtaceae (Schultz) Hyl. ex Nordh. = Myrceugenia fernandeziana Mutisia clematis L. f. ◆ Weed - 3 (Hook. & Arn.) Johow Asteraceae Myosotis colensoi Macbride Myrceugenia stenophylla (Hook. & Arn.) Mutisia coccinea A.St.-Hil. Boraginaceae O.Berg Asteraceae Myrtaceae Myosotis discolor Pers. Mutisia decurrens Cav. Boraginaceae Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O.Berg Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Myrtaceae Mutisia ilicifolia Cav. Myosotis explanata Cheeseman Myrciaria floribunda (H.West ex M Asteraceae Boraginaceae Willd.) O.Berg Myrtaceae Mutisia oligodon Poepp. & Endl. Myosotis laxa Lehm. See: Eugenia floribunda H. West Asteraceae Boraginaceae ex Willd. Myagrum perfoliatum L. See: Myosotis caespitosa Schultz ◆ Brassicaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2 Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) O.Berg Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Myosotis macrantha hort. Myodocarpus fraxinifolius Brongn. Boraginaceae Myrica aethiopica L. & Griseb. = Exarrhena macrantha Hook. f. Myricaceae Araliaceae Myosotis micrantha Pall. ex Lehm. Myrica californica Cham. Myonima violacea (Lam.) Verdc. Boraginaceae Myricaceae Rubiaceae = Myosotis stricta Link ex Roem. = Morella californica (Cham. & Schult. & Schlecht.) Wilbur Myoporum insulare R.Br. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 ◆ Weed Myoporaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 Myosotis palustris Hill nom. illeg. Myrica cerifera L. Boraginaceae Myricaceae Myoporum insulare R.Br. X Myoporum = Myosotis scorpioides L. = Morella cerifera (L.) Small laetum G.Forst. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Myoporaceae ◆ Weed Myosotis scorpioides L. Myrica cordifolia L. Boraginaceae Myricaceae Myoporum kermadecense Sykes See: Myosotis palustris Hill nom. illeg. Myrica faya Aiton Myoporaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 4 - 5 Myricaceae Myoporum laetum G.Forst. Myosotis stricta Link ex Roem. & Schult. = Morella faya (Aiton) Wilbur Myoporaceae Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 See: Myosotis micrantha Pall. Myrica gale L. Myoporum sandwicense A.Gray ex Lehm. Myricaceae Myoporaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed - 3 Myoporum verrucosum (Desv.) Desv. Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. ex Hoffm. Myrica pensylvanica Mirb. Myoporaceae Boraginaceae Myricaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Myosotidium hortensia (Decne.) Baill. = Morella caroliniensis (Mill.) Small Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3

318 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Myrica phanerodonta Standl. Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack Myrtillocactus schenckii (Purpus) Myricaceae Rubiaceae Britton & Rose Cactaceae Myrica pusilla Raf. Myrocarpus frondosus Allemao Myricaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Myrtus anomala Burret = Morella cerifera (L.) Small Myrtaceae Myrospermum sousanum A.Delgado Myrica rivas-martinezii Santos. & M.C.Johnst. Myrtus apiculata Niedenzu Myricaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Myrtaceae = Luma apiculata (DC.) Burret Myrica rubra Sieb. & Zucc. Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. Myricaceae Celastraceae Myrtus bullata O.Berg ◆ Weed - 5 See: Cassine aethiopica Thunb. Myrtaceae Myrica serrata Lam. Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms Myrtus communis L. Myricaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Myrtaceae See: Myroxylon pereirae (Royle) ◆ Weed - N Myriocarpa longipes Liebm. Klotzsch Urticaceae Myrtus fernandeziana Hook. & Arn. ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Myrtaceae Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC. Myroxylon pereirae (Royle) Klotzsch Haloragaceae Myrtus lechleriana (Miq.) Sealy Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Myrtaceae = Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms = Amomyrtus luma (Molina) (Vell.) Verdc. var. pereirae (Royle) Harms D.Legrand & Kausel Haloragaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5A Myrtus luma Molina Myrrhinium atropurpureum Schott Myrtaceae Myriophyllum crispatum Orch. Myrtaceae Haloragaceae Myrtus nummularia Poir. Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Myrtaceae Apiaceae Myriophyllum hippuroides Nutt. ex Torr. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Myrtus ugni Molina & Gray Myrtaceae africana L. Haloragaceae ◆ Weed Myrsinaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Mystacidium capense (L. f.) Schltr. Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walter) Orchidaceae Myrsine australis (A.Rich.) Allan Britton, Sterns & Pogg. M Myrsinaceae Mystacidium distichum (Lindl.) Pfitzer Haloragaceae Orchidaceae See: Myriophyllum scabratum Michx. Myrsine chathamica F.Müell. ◆ Weed - 1 Myrsinaceae Myriophyllum scabratum Michx. Myrsine divaricata A.Cunn. Haloragaceae Myrsinaceae = Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walter) Myrsine nummularia Hook. f. Britton, Sterns & Pogg. Myrsinaceae Myriophyllum simulans Orch. Haloragaceae Myrsine salicina Heward ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Myrsinaceae Myriophyllum spicatum L. Myrsine urvillei A.DC. Haloragaceae Myrsinaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Myrsiphyllum asparagoides (L.) Willd. Myriophyllum verrucosum Lindl. Liliaceae Haloragaceae = Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Druce ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 5 ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5A Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Myrsiphyllum declinatum (L.) Oberm. Haloragaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 = Asparagus declinatus L. Myristica fragrans Houtt. Myrteola nummularia (Poir.) O.Berg Myrtaceae ◆ Weed Myrtillocactus cochal (Orc.) Britton Myristica moschata Thunb. & Rose Myristicaceae Cactaceae Myrmecodia echinata (Miquel) Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Mart. .Pochází ex Pfeiff.) Console Rubiaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed Myrmecodia muelleri Becc. Rubiaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 319 M

320 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Nesoluma polynesicum N Credit: Forest and Kim Starr Nageia falcata (Thunb.) Kuntze baeticus J.Fernandez Casas Narcissus jonquilla L. X Narcissus Podocarpaceae Amaryllidaceae pseudonarcissus L. = Afrocarpus falcatus (Thunb.) Amaryllidaceae Narcissus bicolor L. C.N.Page ◆ Weed - 2 Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Narcissus juncifolius Lag. Nageia nagi (Thunb.) Kuntze Amaryllidaceae Narcissus biflorus W.Curtis Podocarpaceae = Narcissus assoanus Dufour Amaryllidaceae Nageliella angustifolia (Booth ex Lindl.) = Narcissus X medioluteus Mill. Narcissus X medioluteus Mill. Ames & Correll Amaryllidaceae Narcissus bulbocodium L. Orchidaceae = Narcissus poeticus L. X Narcissus Amaryllidaceae tazetta L. Nageliella purpurea (Lindl.) L.O.Williams ◆ Weed - 2 See: Narcissus biflorus W.Curtis Orchidaceae Narcissus calcicola Mendonca ◆ Weed - N - 2 Nananthus aloides Schwantes Amaryllidaceae Narcissus minor L. Aizoaceae Narcissus campernelli Haw. Amaryllidaceae Nananthus cibdelus Schwantes Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Aizoaceae = Narcissus X odorus L. Narcissus nanus (Haw.) Steud. Nananthus luckhoffii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Narcissus canaliculatus Guss. Amaryllidaceae Aizoaceae Amaryllidaceae = L. Narcissus nevadensis Pugsley Nananthus malherbei L.Bolus Amaryllidaceae Aizoaceae Narcissus cantabricus de Candolle Amaryllidaceae Narcissus obesus Salisb. Nananthus rosulatus (Kens.) G.D.Rowley Amaryllidaceae Aizoaceae Narcissus cavanillesii Barra & G.Lopez Amaryllidaceae Narcissus obvallaris Salisb. Nananthus schooneesii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Amaryllidaceae Aizoaceae Narcissus cordubensis Fern.Casas ◆ Weed Amaryllidaceae Nananthus setiferus (L.Bol.) G.D.Rowley Narcissus X odorus L. Aizoaceae Narcissus cyclamineus DC. Amaryllidaceae N Amaryllidaceae = Narcissus jonquilla L. X Narcissus Nananthus spathulatus (Thunb.) ◆ Weed - 2 pseudonarcissus L. G.D.Rowley Narcissus cyclamineus DC. X Narcissus See: Narcissus campernelli Haw. Aizoaceae ◆ pseudonarcissus L. Weed - 2 Nananthus vittatus Schwantes Amaryllidaceae Narcissus orientalis L. Aizoaceae ◆ Weed Amaryllidaceae domestica Thunb. Narcissus dubius Gouan = Narcissus tazetta L. Berberidaceae Amaryllidaceae Narcissus pachybolbus Durieu ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Narcissus fernandesii G.Pedro Amaryllidaceae Nannorrhops ritchiana (Griff.) Aitch. Amaryllidaceae Narcissus panizzianus Parl. Arecaceae Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed Narcissus X gracilis Sabine ex Lindl. Amaryllidaceae Narcissus papyraceus Ker Gawl. Nannothelypteris inaequilobata Holttum = Narcissus X tenuior Curtis Amaryllidaceae Thelypteridaceae Narcissus humilis (Cav.) Traub ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Napaea dioica L. Amaryllidaceae Narcissus poeticus L. Malvaceae Narcissus X incomparabilis Mill. Amaryllidaceae Napoleonaea imperialis P.Beauv. Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Lecythidaceae = Narcissus poeticus L. X Narcissus Narcissus poeticus L. X Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. Napoleonaea vogelii Hook. f. & Planch. pseudonarcissus L. ◆ Weed - N - 2 Lecythidaceae Amaryllidaceae Narcissus intermedius Loisel. See: Narcissus X incomparabilis P.Mill Narcissus assoanus Dufour Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Amaryllidaceae See: Narcissus juncifolius Lag. Narcissus jacetanus Fern.Casas. Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. ◆ Weed Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Narcissus asturiensis (Jord.) Pugsley Narcissus jonquilla L. Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae Narcissus requienii M.Roem. ◆ Weed - N - 2 Amaryllidaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 321 Narcissus romieuxii Braun-Blanq. leucotricha (Trin. & Rupr.) Nastus elatus Holttum & Maire R.W.Pohl Poaceae Amaryllidaceae Poaceae Nauclea calycina Bartl. ex DC. See: Stipa leucotricha Trin. & Rupr. Narcissus rupicola Dufour Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A Amaryllidaceae Nauplius intermedius Webb ex Sch.Bip. Nassella megapotamia (Spreng. Narcissus scaberulus Henriq. Asteraceae ex Trin.) Barkworth Amaryllidaceae Poaceae Nauplius schultzii (Bolle) A.Wiklund Narcissus serotinus L. See: Nassella megapotamica Asteraceae Amaryllidaceae (Spreng. ex Trin.) Barkworth Nauplius sericeus (L. f.) Cass. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N Asteraceae Narcissus tazetta L. Nassella megapotamica (Spreng. Nautilocalyx bullatus (Lem.) Sprague Amaryllidaceae ex Trin.) Barkworth Gesneriaceae See: Narcissus canaliculatus Guss., Poaceae Narcissus orientalis L. = Nassella megapotamia (Spreng. Nautilocalyx forgetii (Sprague) Sprague ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A ex Trin.) Barkworth Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed - N Narcissus X tenuior Curtis Nautilocalyx lynchii (Hook. f.) Sprague Amaryllidaceae Nassella neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) Gesneriaceae = Narcissus jonquilla L. X Narcissus Barkworth Navarretia squarrosa (Eschsch.) Hook. poeticus L. Poaceae & Arn. See: Stipa neesiana Trin. & Rupr. Narcissus triandrus L. Polemoniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - 2 Nassella pubiflora (Trin. & Rupr.) E.Desv. Neatostema apulum (L.) I.M.Johnst. Poaceae Narcissus viridiflorus Schousb. Boraginaceae Amaryllidaceae Nassella pulchra (Hitchc.) Barkworth ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Poaceae Narcissus watieri Maire Nectaroscordum siculum (Ucria) Lindl. See: Stipa pulchra Hitchc. Amaryllidaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Nassella rosengurtii (Chase) Barkworth ◆ Weed - 2 Narcissus willkommii (Samp.) A.Fern. Poaceae Amaryllidaceae Neea buxifolia (Hook. f.) Heimerl (Trin.) Barkworth Nyctaginaceae Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC. Poaceae Valerianaceae Neillia ribesioides Rehder See: Stipa tenuissima Trin. Rosaceae N Nardus stricta L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Poaceae Neillia sinensis Oliv. (Nees) Hack. ex ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 4 - 5 Rosaceae Arechav. Narthecium ossifragum (L.) Huds. Poaceae Neillia thibetica Franch. Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Rosaceae ◆ Weed Nassella viridula (Trin.) Barkworth Neillia thyrsiflora D.Don Nashia inaguensis Millsp. Poaceae Rosaceae Verbenaceae See: Stipa viridula Trin. Neillia uekii Nakai ◆ Weed Nassella cernua (Stebbins & A.Love) Rosaceae Barkworth Nasturtium aquaticum Wahlenb. Nelia pillansii Schwantes Poaceae Brassicaceae Aizoaceae See: Stipa cernua Stebbins & Á.Löve = Nasturtium officinale R.Br. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2A lutea Willd. Nasturtium microphyllum Boenn. (Arechav.) Barkworth ex Rchb. See: Nelumbo pentapetala Poaceae Brassicaceae (Walter) Willd. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A See: Rorippa microphylla (Boenn. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 ex Rchb.) Hyl. ex Á.Löve & D.Löve Nassella chilensis (Trin.) Desv. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Gaertn. Poaceae Nelumbonaceae ◆ Weed Nasturtium officinale R.Br. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 5 Brassicaceae Nassella hyalina (Nees) Barkworth See: Nasturtium aquaticum Nelumbo pentapetala (Walter) Willd. Poaceae Wahlenb., Rorippa nasturtium- Nelumbonaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A aquaticum (L.) Hayek = Nelumbo lutea Willd. Nassella lepida (A.Hitchc.) Barkworth ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Nematanthus crassifolius (Schott) Poaceae Nasturtium officinale R.Br. X Nasturtium Wiehler See: Stipa lepida A.S.Hitchc. microphyllum Boenn. ex Rchb. Gesneriaceae Brassicaceae Nematanthus fissus (Vellozo) L.E.Skog Gesneriaceae

322 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Nematanthus fritschii Hoehne Neobuxbaumia euphorbioides Neochilenia paucicostata (F.Ritter) Gesneriaceae (Haw.) Buxb. Backeb. Cactaceae Cactaceae Nematanthus gregarius D.L.Denh. See: Carnegiea euphorbioides = Neoporteria taltalensis Hutchinson Gesneriaceae (Haw.) Backeb. Neochilenia pilispina (F.Ritter) Backeb. Nematanthus longipes DC. Neobuxbaumia macrocephala Cactaceae Gesneriaceae (A.A.Weber ex K.Schum.) = Neoporteria pilispina (F.Ritter) Nematanthus wettsteinii (Fritsch) E.Y.Dawson Donald & G.D.Rowley H.E.Moore Cactaceae Neochilenia pseudoreichei Lembcke Gesneriaceae See: Pachycereus ruficeps & Backeb. (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose Nemesia caerulea Hiern Cactaceae Scrophulariaceae Neobuxbaumia polylopha (DC.) Backeb. = Neochilenia lembckei Backeb. Cactaceae Nemesia capensis Kuntze Neochilenia reichei (K.Schum.) See: Carnegiea polylopha (DC.) Scrophulariaceae Backeb. ex Doelz D.R.Hunt Cactaceae Nemesia denticulata (Benth.) Grant Neobuxbaumia scoparia (Poselg.) = Neoporteria odieri (Lem.) Backeb. & Fourc. Backeb. Scrophulariaceae Neochilenia transitensis (F.Ritter) Backeb. Cactaceae Cactaceae Nemesia foetens Vent. Neobuxbaumia tetetzo (J.M.Coult.) Scrophulariaceae Neocinnamomum caudatum Backeb. = Nemesia fruticans (Thunb.) Benth. (Nees) Merr. Cactaceae Nemesia fruticans (Thunb.) Benth. Lauraceae Neocallitropsis araucarioides Scrophulariaceae Neodypsis baronii (Becc.) Jum. (Compton) Florin See: Nemesia foetens Vent. Arecaceae Cupressaceae Nemesia strumosa Benth. Neodypsis ceraceus Jum. Neocallitropsis pancheri (Carrière) Scrophulariaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A de Laub. Cupressaceae Neodypsis decaryi Jum. Nemesia versicolor E.Mey. ex Benth. Arecaceae Scrophulariaceae Neocardenasia herzogiana Backeb. ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae Neodypsis lastelliana Baill. = Neoraimondia herzogiana Arecaceae Nemopanthus mucronatus (L.) Druce (Backeb.) F.Buxb. & Krainz Aquifoliaceae Neodypsis leptocheilos D.R.Hodel Neochamaelea pulverulenta Arecaceae N Nemophila maculata Benth. ex Lindl. (Vent.) Erdtm. Neodypsis tsaratananensis Jum. Hydrophyllaceae Cneoraceae ◆ Weed - 2 Arecaceae Neochilenia andreaeana Backeb. Neofinetia falcata (Thunb.) Hu Nemophila menziesii Hook. & Arn. Cactaceae Orchidaceae Hydrophyllaceae = Neoporteria andreaeana (Backeb.) See: Nemophila insignis hort. Donald & G.D.Rowley Neogardneria murrayana (Gardner ◆ Weed - 2 ex Hook.) Schltr. ex Garay Neochilenia chilensis (Hildm. Orchidaceae Nemophila insignis hort. ex K.Schum.) Backeb. Hydrophyllaceae Cactaceae Neoglaziovia variegata (Arruda) Mez = Nemophila menziesii Hook. & Arn. = Neoporteria chilensis (Hildm.) Bromeliaceae ‘Insignis’ Britton & Rose Neohenricia sibbettii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Nenga pumila (Mart.) H.Wendl. Neochilenia hankeana (C.F.Först. Aizoaceae Arecaceae ex Rümpler) Doelz Neohouzeaua mekongensis A.Camus Neobenthamia gracilis Rolfe Cactaceae Poaceae Orchidaceae = Neoporteria taltalensis Hutchinson Neolauchea pulchella Kraenzl. Neobinghamia climaxantha Neochilenia lembckei Backeb. Orchidaceae (Werdermann) Backeb. Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Neochilenia pseudoreichei Neolehmannia porpax (Rchb. f.) Garay = X Haagespostoa climaxantha Lembcke & Backeb. & Dunst. Orchidaceae (Werdermann) G.D.Rowley Neochilenia odieri (Lem.) Backeb. Neobinghamia mirabilis Rauh & Backeb. Cactaceae Neolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidz. Cactaceae = Neoporteria odieri (Lem.) Backeb. Lauraceae = X Borzipostoa mirabilis (Rauh Neochilenia odoriflora (F.Ritter) Backeb. Neolloydia beguinii Britton & Rose & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Cactaceae Neobinghamia villigera Rauh & Backeb. = Neoporteria curvispina (Bertero = Turbinicarpus gautii (L.D.Benson) Cactaceae ex Colla) Donald & G.D.Rowley A.D.Zimm. = X Haagespostoa albisetata (Akers) G.D.Rowley

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 323 Neolloydia ceratites (Quehl) Britton Neolloydia schmiedickeana (Boed.) Neoporteria andreaeana (Backeb.) & Rose E.F.Anderson Donald & G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Neolloydia conoidea (DC.) Britton = Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus See: Neochilenia andreaeana & Rose (Boed.) Buxb. & Backeb. Backeb. Neolloydia conoidea (DC.) Britton Neolloydia subterranea (Backeb.) Neoporteria aricensis (F.Ritter) Donald & Rose H.E.Moore & G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Neolloydia ceratites (Quehl) = Turbinicarpus subterraneus Neoporteria aspillagae (Soehrens) Britton & Rose (Backeb.) A.D.Zimm. Backeb. Neolloydia erectocentra (J.M.Coult.) Neolloydia valdeziana (H.Moller) Cactaceae L.D.Benson E.F.Anderson Neoporteria bulbocalyx (Werderm.) Cactaceae Cactaceae Donald & G.D.Rowley = Sclerocactus erectocentrus = Turbinicarpus valdezianus Cactaceae (J.M.Coult.) N.P.Taylor (H.Moller) Glass & R.C.Foster Neoporteria chilensis (Hildm.) Britton Neolloydia gielsdorfiana (Werderm.) Neolloydia viereckii (Werderm.) & Rose F.M.Knuth F.M.Knuth Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Neochilenia chilensis (Hildm. = Turbinicarpus gielsdorfianus = Turbinicarpus viereckii (Werderm.) ex K.Schum.) Backeb. (Werderm.) V.John & Riha V.John & Riha Neoporteria clavata (Sohrens) Neolloydia horripila (Lem.) Britton Neomammillaria vagaspina (Craig) Y.Ito Werderm. & Rose Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Neomammillaria zuccariniana (Mart.) = Turbinicarpus horripilus (Lem.) Neoporteria coimasensis F.Ritter Britton & Rose V.John & Riha Cactaceae Cactaceae = Neoporteria nidus (Sohrens Neolloydia knuthiana (Boed.) F.M.Knuth See: Mammillaria zuccariniana Mart. Cactaceae ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose Neomarica brachypus Sprague = Turbinicarpus knuthianus (Boed.) Neoporteria confinis (F.Ritter) Donald Iridaceae V.John & Riha & G.D.Rowley Neolloydia laui (Glass & R.C.Foster) Neomarica caerulea (Seub.) Sprague Cactaceae Iridaceae E.F.Anderson Neoporteria crispa (F.Ritter) Donald ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae & G.D.Rowley N = Turbinicarpus laui Glass & R.C.Foster Neomarica gracilis (Herb.) Sprague Cactaceae Iridaceae Neolloydia lophophoroides (Werderm.) Neoporteria curvispina (Bertero ◆ Weed E.F.Anderson ex Colla) Donald & G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Neomarica longifolia Sprague Cactaceae = Turbinicarpus lophophoroides Iridaceae See: Neochilenia odoriflora (F.Ritter) (Werderm.) Buxb. & Backeb. Backeb., Pyrrhocactus engleri Neomarica northiana (Schneev.) Sprague (F.Ritter) F.Ritter Neolloydia mandragora (Fric ex Iridaceae A.Berger) E.F.Anderson ◆ Weed - 2 Neoporteria eriocephala (Backbg.) Cactaceae Donald & Rowley = Turbinicarpus mandragora (Fric Neonauclea obtusa Merr. Cactaceae ex A.Berger) A.D.Zimm. Rubiaceae = Neoporteria taltalensis Hutchinson Neolloydia mariposensis (Hester) Neonicholsonia georgei Dammer Neoporteria eriosyzoides (Ritter.) Don. L.D.Benson Arecaceae & Rowl Cactaceae Neonicholsonia watsonii Dammer Cactaceae = Sclerocactus mariposensis (Hester) Arecaceae N.P.Taylor Neoporteria fusca (Mühlenpf.) Backbg. Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn.) Cactaceae Neolloydia pseudomacrochele J.A.Lackey = Neoporteria taltalensis Hutchinson (Backeb.) E.F.Anderson Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cactaceae Neoporteria garaventae (F.Ritter) See: Glycine wightii (Wight & Arn.) = Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele Ferryman Verdc. (Backeb.) Buxb. & Backeb. Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A Neolloydia pseudopectinata (Backeb.) Neoporteria gerocephala Y.Itô Neopanax arboreus (L.) Allan E.F.Anderson Cactaceae Araliaceae Cactaceae = Neoporteria nidus (Sohrens = Turbinicarpus pseudopectinatus Neopanax colensoi (Hook. f.) Allan ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose (Backeb.) Glass & R.C.Foster Araliaceae Neoporteria horrida (J.Rémy ex Gay) Neolloydia saueri (Boed.) F.M.Knuth Neopanax laetus (Kirk) Allan D.R.Hunt Cactaceae Araliaceae Cactaceae = Turbinicarpus saueri (Boed.) V.John & Riha

324 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Neoporteria islayensis (Foerster) Neoporteria setiflora (Backeb.) Donald Neoraimondia roseiflora (Werdermann Donald & G.D.Rowley & Rowley & Backeberg) Backeb. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Neoporteria lindleyi (Foerster) = Neoporteria strausiana (K.Schum.) = Neoraimondia arequipensis Donald & G.D.Rowley Donald & G.D.Rowley (Meyen) Backeb. Neoporteria jussieui (Monv.) Britton Neoporteria simulans (F.Ritter) Donald Neoregelia abendrothae L.B.Smith & Rose & G.D.Rowley Bromeliaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Neoregelia aculeatosepala Rauh See: Neoporteria ritteri Donald Neoporteria sociabilis F.Ritter Bromeliaceae & Rowley Cactaceae Neoregelia ampullacea (Morr.) L.B.Sm. Neoporteria kunzei (Forster) Backeb. Neoporteria strausiana (K.Schum.) Bromeliaceae Cactaceae Donald & G.D.Rowley Neoregelia azevedoi Leme Neoporteria lindleyi (Foerster) Donald Cactaceae Bromeliaceae & G.D.Rowley See: Neoporteria sanjuanensis Cactaceae (Speg.) Donald & Rowley, Neoregelia bahiana (Ule) L.B.Smith = Neoporteria islayensis (Foerster) Neoporteria setiflora (Backeb.) Bromeliaceae Donald & G.D.Rowley Donald & Rowley See: Neoregelia pabstiana E.Pereira Neoporteria litoralis Ritter Neoporteria subgibbosa (Haw.) Britton Neoregelia carcharodon (Baker) L.B.Sm. Cactaceae & Rose Bromeliaceae = Neoporteria subgibbosa (Haw.) Cactaceae Neoregelia carolinae (Beer) L.B.Sm. Britton & Rose See: Neoporteria litoralis Ritter Bromeliaceae Neoporteria megliolii (Rausch) Donald Neoporteria taltalensis Hutchinson Neoregelia chlorosticta (Baker) L.B.Sm. Cactaceae Cactaceae Bromeliaceae = Neoporteria villicumensis (Rausch) See: Neochilenia hankeana (C.F.Först. Donald ex Rümpler) Doelz, Neochilenia Neoregelia chlorosticta (Baker) L.B.Sm. paucicostata (F.Ritter) Backeb., X Neoregelia pauciflora L.B.Sm. Neoporteria napina (Phil.) Backeb. Neoporteria eriocephala (Backbg.) Bromeliaceae Cactaceae Donald & Rowley, Neoporteria fusca Neoregelia compacta (Mez) L.B.Sm. Neoporteria nidus (Sohrens (Mühlenpf.) Backbg. Bromeliaceae ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose Neoporteria umadeave (Fric ex Kreuz.) Cactaceae Neoregelia concentrica (Vell.) L.B.Sm. Donald & G.D.Rowley See: Neoporteria coimasensis F.Ritter, Bromeliaceae Cactaceae Neoporteria gerocephala Y.Itô See: Pyrrhocactus umadeave Neoregelia coriacea (Antoine) L.B.Smith N Neoporteria occulta (Phil.) Britton & Rose (Wierderm.) Backeb. Bromeliaceae Cactaceae Neoporteria vallenarensis (Ritter) Neoregelia cruenta (Graham) L.B.Sm. Neoporteria odieri (Lem.) Backeb. A.E.Hoffm. Bromeliaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Neoregelia dungsiana E.Pereira See: Neochilenia odieri (Lem.) Neoporteria villicumensis (Rausch) Bromeliaceae Backeb., Neochilenia reichei Donald (K.Schum.) Backeb. ex Doelz Neoregelia farinosa (Ule) L.B.Smith Cactaceae Bromeliaceae Neoporteria pilispina (F.Ritter) Donald See: Neoporteria megliolii (Rausch) & G.D.Rowley Donald Neoregelia hoehneana L.B.Smith Cactaceae Bromeliaceae Neoporteria villosa (Monv.) A.Berger See: Neochilenia pilispina (F.Ritter) Cactaceae Neoregelia johannis (Carrière) L.B.Smith Backeb. Bromeliaceae Neoraimondia arequipensis (Meyen) Neoporteria planiceps F.Ritter Backeb. Neoregelia kautskyi E.Pereira Cactaceae Cactaceae Bromeliaceae Neoporteria rapifera Ritt. & Y.Ito See: Neoraimondia gigantea Neoregelia kerryi Leme Cactaceae Backeb., Neoraimondia roseiflora (Werdermann & Backeberg) Backeb. Bromeliaceae Neoporteria recondita (F.Ritter) Donald Neoregelia lilliputiana Pereira & G.D.Rowley Neoraimondia gigantea Backeb. Bromeliaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Neoraimondia arequipensis Neoregelia marmorata (Baker) L.B.Sm. Neoporteria ritteri Donald & Rowley (Meyen) Backeb. Bromeliaceae Cactaceae = Neoporteria jussieui (Monv.) Neoraimondia herzogiana (Backeb.) Neoregelia martinellii W.Weber Britton & Rose F.Buxb. & Krainz Bromeliaceae Cactaceae Neoporteria sanjuanensis (Speg.) See: Neocardenasia herzogiana Neoregelia nivea Leme Donald & Rowley Backeb. Bromeliaceae Cactaceae = Neoporteria strausiana (K.Schum.) Neoregelia olens (Hook. f) L.B.Smith Donald & G.D.Rowley Bromeliaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 325 Neoregelia pabstiana E.Pereira bicalcarata Hook. f. Nepenthes madagascariensis Poir. Bromeliaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthaceae = Neoregelia bahiana (Ule) L.B.Smith Nepenthes bongso Korth. Nepenthes maxima Reinw. Neoregelia pauciflora L.B.Sm. Nepenthaceae Nepenthaceae Bromeliaceae Nepenthes boschiana Korth. Nepenthes maxima Reinw. ex Nees Neoregelia pendula L.B.Smith Nepenthaceae X Nepenthes ventricosa Blanco Bromeliaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthes burbidgeae Hook. f. ex Burb. Neoregelia pineliana (Lemaire) L.B.Smith Nepenthaceae Nepenthes mira Jebb-Cheek Bromeliaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthes campanulata Sh.Kurata Neoregelia princeps (Baker) L.B.Sm. Nepenthaceae Nepenthes mixta Veitch ex Mast. Bromeliaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthes X coccinea Mast. Neoregelia punctatissima (Ruschi) Ruschi Nepenthaceae Nepenthes muluensis Hotta Bromeliaceae = Nepenthes rafflesiana Jack Nepenthaceae X Nepenthes ampullaria Jack X Neoregelia rubrifolia Ruschi Nepenthes northiana Hook. f. (Lour.) Druce Bromeliaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthes densiflora Danser Neoregelia rubrovittata Leme Nepenthes ovata Nerz-Wistuba Nepenthaceae Bromeliaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthes diatas Jebb & Cheek Neoregelia sarmentosa (Regel) L.B.Sm. Nepenthes pervillei Blume Nepenthaceae Bromeliaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthes dubia Danser Neoregelia smithii W.Weber Nepenthes pilosa Dans. Nepenthaceae Bromeliaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthes ephippiata Danser Neoregelia spectabilis (T.Moore) L.B.Sm. Nepenthes rafflesiana Jack Nepenthaceae Bromeliaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthes eymae Kurata Neoregelia tigrina (Ruschi) Ruschi Nepenthes rajah Hook. f. Nepenthaceae Bromeliaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthes faizaliana J.H.Adam Neoregelia tristis (Beer) L.B.Sm. Nepenthes ramispina Ridl. & Wilcock Bromeliaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthaceae Neoregelia wurdackii L.B.Sm. Nepenthes reinwardtiana Mig. Nepenthes fusca Danser Bromeliaceae Nepenthaceae N Nepenthaceae Neoregelia zonata (Mez) L.B.Sm. Nepenthes rhombicaulis Kurata Nepenthes gracilis Korth. Bromeliaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthaceae Neoveitchia storckii (H.A.Wendl.) Becc. Nepenthes rufescens Veitch ex Mast. Nepenthes gracillima Ridl. Arecaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthaceae Neowerdermannia chilensis Backeb. Nepenthes sanguinea Lindl. Nepenthes hamata J.R.Turnbull Cactaceae Nepenthaceae & A.T.Middleton Neowerdermannia vorwerkii Fric Nepenthaceae Nepenthes sibuyanensis Nerz Cactaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthes hirsuta Hook. f. Nepenthes adnata Tamin & M.Hotta Nepenthaceae Nepenthes singalana Becc. ex Schlauer Nepenthaceae Nepenthes X hookeriana Lindl. ex Mast. Nepenthaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthes spathulata Danser Nepenthes alata Blanco = Nepenthes rafflesiana Jack Nepenthaceae Nepenthaceae X Nepenthes ampullaria Jack Nepenthes spectabilis Danser Nepenthes alata Blanco X Nepenthes Nepenthes inermis Danser Nepenthaceae truncata Macf. Nepenthaceae Nepenthes sumatrana (Miq.) G.Beck Nepenthaceae Nepenthes kampotiana Lecomte Nepenthaceae Nepenthes albomarginata T.Lobb Nepenthaceae Nepenthes tentaculata Hook. f. ex Lindl. Nepenthes khasiana Hook. f. Nepenthaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthes tobaica Danser Nepenthes ampullaria Jack Nepenthes lavicola Wistuba & Rischer Nepenthaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthes treubiana Warb. Nepenthes aristolochioides Jebb Nepenthes leptochila Danser Nepenthaceae & Cheek Nepenthaceae Nepenthaceae Nepenthes truncata Macf. Nepenthes macfarlanei Hemsl Nepenthaceae Nepenthes bellii Kondo Nepenthaceae Nepenthaceae

326 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Nepenthes veitchii Hook. Nepeta sibirica L. Nephthytis afzelii Schott Nepenthaceae Lamiaceae Araceae Nepenthes ventricosa Blanco Nepeta sibthorpii Benth. Nephthytis poissoni N.E.Br. Nepenthaceae Lamiaceae Araceae Nepenthes vieillardii Hook. Nepeta stewartiana Diels Nephthytis swainei Bogner Nepenthaceae Lamiaceae Araceae Nepenthes villosa Hook. f. Nepeta subsessilis Maxim. oleracea Lour. Nepenthaceae Lamiaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae = Neptunia prostrata (Lam.) Baill. Nepenthes X wrigleyana Veitch ex Mast. Nepeta teydea Webb & Berthel. ◆ Weed Nepenthaceae Lamiaceae Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. Nepeta camphorata Boiss. & Heldr. Nepeta troodi Holmboe Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 1A Nepeta cataria L. Nepeta tuberosa L. Neptunia prostrata (Lam.) Baill. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Blume See: Neptunia oleracea Lour. Nepeta X faassenii Bergmans ex Stearn Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Nephelium lappaceum L. Nerine alta W.F.Barker = Nepeta racemosa Lam. X Nepeta Sapindaceae Amaryllidaceae nepetella L. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Nerine angulata L.Bolus Nephelium litchi Cambess. nom. illeg. Amaryllidaceae Nepeta govaniana Benth. Sapindaceae = Nerine angustifolia Baker Lamiaceae = Litchi chinensis Sonn. Nerine angustifolia Baker Nepeta grandiflora M.Bieb. Nephelium longana (Lam.) Cambess. Amaryllidaceae Lamiaceae Sapindaceae See: Nerine angulata L.Bolus ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Nephelium mutabile Blume W.Watson Nepeta hederacea (L.) Trev. Sapindaceae Amaryllidaceae Lamiaceae = Nephelium ramboutan-ake ◆ Weed - 2 = Glechoma hederacea L. (Labill.) Leenh. ◆ Weed - 3 Nerine bowdenii W.Watson X Nerine Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) corusca Ker Gawl. Nepeta isaurica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth. Leenh. Amaryllidaceae Lamiaceae N Sapindaceae Nerine bowdenii W.Watson X Nerine Nepeta italica L. See: Nephelium mutabile Blume flexuosa (Jacq.) Herb. Lamiaceae Nephrolepis acuminata (Houtt) Kuhn Amaryllidaceae Nepeta lanceolata Lam. Nephrolepidaceae Nerine bowdenii W.Watson X Nerine Lamiaceae Nephrolepis auriculata (L.) Trimen fothergilli M.Roem. Nepeta latifolia DC. Nephrolepidaceae Amaryllidaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Nerine corusca Ker Gawl. Nepeta mussinii Spreng. Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C.Presl Amaryllidaceae Lamiaceae Nephrolepidaceae Nerine corusca Ker Gawl. X Nerine ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5A pudica Hook. f. Nepeta nepetella L. Nephrolepis dicksonioides Christ Amaryllidaceae Lamiaceae Nephrolepidaceae Nerine curvifolia Baker ◆ Weed Nephrolepis duffii T.Moore Amaryllidaceae Nepeta nervosa Royle ex Benth. Nephrolepidaceae See: Nerine fothergillii M.Roem. Lamiaceae Nephrolepis ensifolia Pr. Nerine duparquetiana (Baill.) Baker Nepeta nuda L. Nephrolepidaceae Amaryllidaceae Lamiaceae Nephrolepis falcata (Cav.) C.Ch. Nerine filifolia Baker ◆ Weed - 2 Nephrolepidaceae Amaryllidaceae Nepeta parnassica Heldr. & Sart. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A Lamiaceae Nephrolepis multiflora (Roxb.) Jarrett Nerine flexuosa (Jacq.) Herb. Nepeta racemosa Lam. ex Morton Amaryllidaceae Lamiaceae Nephrolepidaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 - 5 Nerine fothergillii M.Roem. Nepeta salviaefolia Royle ex Benth. Nephrosperma vanhoutteanum Amaryllidaceae Lamiaceae (H.Wendl. ex Van Houtte) Balf. f. = Nerine curvifolia Baker Arecaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 327 Nerine humilis (Jacq.) Herb. Neurada procumbens L. tabacum L. Amaryllidaceae Neuradaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Nerine huttoniae Schönland Amaryllidaceae Neviusia alabamensis A.Gray Nidularium billbergioides (Schult. f.) Rosaceae L.B.Sm. Nerine krigei W.F.Barker Bromeliaceae Amaryllidaceae Newbouldia laevis (P.Beauv.) Seem. ex Bureau Nidularium burchellii (Baker) Mez Nerine laticoma (Ker Gawl.) T.Durand Bignoniaceae Bromeliaceae & Schinz Amaryllidaceae (L.) Gaertn. Nidularium campos-portoi (L.B.Smith) Solanaceae Wanderley & B.A.Moreira Nerine marginata Herb. See: Nicandra physaloides (L.) Bromeliaceae Amaryllidaceae Gaertn. Nidularium ferdinando-coburgii Wawra Nerine masoniorum L.Bolus ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Bromeliaceae Amaryllidaceae Nicandra physaloides (L.) Gaertn. See: Nerine masonorum L.Bolus Nidularium fulgens Lem. Solanaceae Bromeliaceae Nerine masonorum L.Bolus = Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - 2A - 3 Nidularium innocentii Lem. = Nerine masoniorum L.Bolus Bromeliaceae Nicodemia diversifolia Ten. Nerine platypetala G.McNeil Loganiaceae Nidularium microps E.Morr. ex Baker Amaryllidaceae Bromeliaceae Nicodemia madagascariensis (Lam.) Nerine pudica Hook. f. R.Parker Nidularium procerum Lindman Amaryllidaceae Loganiaceae Bromeliaceae = Buddleja madagascariensis Lam. Nerine sarniensis (L.) Herb. Nidularium punctatissimum Ruschi Amaryllidaceae Nicolaia elatior (Jack) Horan. Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Zingiberaceae Nidularium purpureum Beer = Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm. Nerine sarniensis (L.) Herb. X Nerine Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 bowdenii W.Watson Nidularium regelioides Ule Amaryllidaceae Nicotiana alata Link & Otto Bromeliaceae Solanaceae Nerine sarniensis (L.) Herb. X Nerine = Nidularium rutilans E.Morr. ◆ Weed - 2 corusca Ker Gawl. Nidularium rutilans E.Morr. Amaryllidaceae Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S.Watson Bromeliaceae N Solanaceae Nerine sarniensis (L.) Herb. X Nerine See: Nidularium regelioides Ule ◆ Weed flexuosa (Jacq.) Herb. Nierembergia caerulea Gillies ex Miers Amaryllidaceae Graham Solanaceae Solanaceae Nerium indicum Mill. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Nierembergia frutescens Durieu Apocynaceae Solanaceae = Nerium oleander L. Nicotiana langsdorffii Weinm. = Nierembergia scoparia Sendtn. ◆ Weed - 5 Solanaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Nerium oleander L. Nierembergia gracilis Hook. Apocynaceae Nicotiana mutabilis J.R.Stechm. & Solanaceae See: Nerium indicum Mill., Semir X Nicotiana alata Link & Otto Nerium splendens Paxt. Solanaceae Nierembergia hippomanica Miers ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Solanaceae Nicotiana rustica L. ◆ Weed - N Nerium splendens Paxt. Solanaceae Apocynaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 5 Nierembergia linariaefolia Graham = Nerium oleander L. Solanaceae Nicotiana X sanderae Sander ◆ Weed Nervilia discolor (Blume) Schltr. ex W.Watson Orchidaceae Solanaceae Nierembergia repens Ruiz & Pav. = Nicotiana alata Link & Otto Solanaceae Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. X Nicotiana forgetiana Hemsl. ◆ Weed Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 - 5 Nierembergia rivularis Miers Nicotiana suaveolens Lehm. Solanaceae Nesocodon mauritianus Solanaceae (I.B.K.Richardson) Thulin Nierembergia scoparia Sendtn. ◆ Weed - Nn Campanulaceae Solanaceae Nicotiana sylvestris Speg. & Comes See: Nierembergia frutescens Durieu Nesoluma polynesicum (Hbd.) Baill. Solanaceae ◆ Weed Sapotaceae ◆ Weed - 2

328 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Nierembergia veitchii Hook. Nolina parryi S.Watson alpina (Poepp. & Endl.) Solanaceae Agavaceae Oerst. ◆ Weed See: Nolina wolfii (Munz) Munz Nothofagaceae Nigella damascena L. Nolina recurvata (Lem.) Hemsl. Nothofagus antarctica (G.Forst.) Oerst. Ranunculaceae Agavaceae Nothofagaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A - 5 = Beaucarnea recurvata Lem. ◆ Weed Nigella hispanica L. Nolina stricta (Lem.) Ciferri & Giacom. Nothofagus betuloides (Mirb.) Blume Ranunculaceae Agavaceae Nothofagaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Nolina texana S.Watson Nothofagus cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Nigella orientalis L. Agavaceae Oerst. Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed Nothofagaceae Nigella sativa L. Nolina wolfii (Munz) Munz Nothofagus codonandra (Baill.) Ranunculaceae Agavaceae Steenis ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 = Nolina parryi S.Watson Nothofagaceae Niphaea oblonga Lindl. Noltea africana (L.) Rchb. ex Harv. Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Blume Gesneriaceae & Sond. Nothofagaceae Rhamnaceae Niphidium americanum (Hook.) J.Sm. Nothofagus fusca (Hook. f.) Oerst. ◆ Weed - N Polypodiaceae Nothofagaceae Nomocharis farreri (W.E.Evans) Niphidium crassifolium (L.) Lellinger Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser R.L.Harrow Polypodiaceae Nothofagaceae Liliaceae See: Polypodium crassifolium L. Nothofagus leonii Espinosa Nomocharis mairei H.Lèv. Nipponanthemum nipponicum Nothofagaceae Liliaceae (Franch. ex Maxim.) Kitam. Nothofagus menziesii (Hook. f.) Oerst. Asteraceae Nomocharis pardanthina Franch. Nothofagaceae See: Chrysanthemum nipponicum Liliaceae (Franch. ex Maxim.) Matsum. Nothofagus nervosa (Phil.) Krasser Nonea lutea (Desr.) DC. ◆ Weed Nothofagaceae Boraginaceae ◆ Weed schoberi L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Zygophyllaceae Nothofagus nitida (Phil.) Krasser Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck ◆ Weed Nothofagaceae Cactaceae Nivenia binata Klatt = Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill. Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Blume N Iridaceae Nothofagaceae Nopalea dejecta (Salm-Dyck) Salm-Dyck ◆ Weed Nocca decipiens (Hemsl.) Kuntze Cactaceae Asteraceae = Opuntia dejecta Salm-Dyck Nothofagus procera Oerst. See: Lagascea decipiens Hemsl. Nothofagaceae Nopalxochia horichii Kimnach Nolana humifusa (Gouan) I.M.Johnst. Cactaceae Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. & Endl.) Nolanaceae = Disocactus kimnachii G.D.Rowley Krasser ◆ Weed Nothofagaceae Nopalxochia macdougallii (Alexander) Nolana paradoxa Lindl. W.T.Marshall Nothofagus solandri (Hook. f.) Oerst. Nolanaceae Cactaceae Nothofagaceae ◆ Weed - 2 = Disocactus macdougallii Nothofagus truncata (Colenso) (Alexander) Barthlott Nolina bigelovii (Torr.) S.Watson Cockayne Agavaceae Nopalxochia phyllanthoides (DC.) Nothofagaceae Britton & Rose Nolina erumpens (Torr.) S.Watson Notholaena sinuata (Lag. ex Sw.) Cactaceae Agavaceae Kaulfuss = Disocactus phyllanthoides (DC.) Pteridaceae Nolina longifolia Hemsl. Barthlott = Astrolepis sinuata (Lag. ex Sw.) Agavaceae Norantea guianensis Aubl. Benham & Windham ssp. sinuata Nolina matapensis Wiggins Marcgraviaceae Notholirion thomsonianum (Royle) Stapf Agavaceae Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Graham) Liliaceae Nolina microcarpa S.Watson Mablerley Nothopanax davidii (Franch.) Harms Agavaceae Icacinaceae Araliaceae ◆ Weed Nothofagus alessandri Esp. borbonicum Kunth Nolina nelsonii Rose Nothofagaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Agavaceae Nothofagus alessandrii Espinosa = Nothoscordum gracile (Aiton) Nolina palmeri S.Watson Nothofagaceae Stearn Agavaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 329 Nothoscordum dialystemon (Guagl.) Notocactus incomptus N.Gerloff Notocactus schaeferianus (Abraham Crosa Cactaceae & S.Theunissen) R.Havlicek Alliaceae - Liliaceae Cactaceae Notocactus kovaricii (Fric) Krainz Nothoscordum gracile (Aiton) Stearn Cactaceae Notocactus schumannianus (Nicolai) Alliaceae - Liliaceae A.Berger Notocactus laetivirens Ritt. See: Nothoscordum borbonicum Cactaceae Cactaceae Kunth = Parodia schumanniana (Nicolai) = Parodia ottonis (Lehm.) N.P.Taylor ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A F.H.Brandt Notocactus leninghausii (Schumann) syriaca (L.) Cass. Notocactus scopa (Spreng.) Berger A.Berger Asteraceae Cactaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 = Parodia scopa (Spreng.) N.P.Taylor = Parodia leninghausii (Schumann) Notobuxus macowanii Oliv. Brandt Notocactus securituberculatus F.Ritter Buxaceae Cactaceae Notocactus leucocarpus (Arech.) = Parodia ottonis (Lehm.) N.P.Taylor Notocactus apricus (Arech.) Berger G.Schäfer Cactaceae Cactaceae Notocactus stegmannii (Backeberg) = Parodia concinna (Monville) Krainz Notocactus macracanthus (Arech.) N.P.Taylor Cactaceae G.Schäfer See: Wigginsia stegmannii (Backeb.) Notocactus arechavaletai (K.Schum. Cactaceae D.M.Porter ex Speg.) Krainz Notocactus macrogonus (Arech.) Cactaceae Notocactus submammulosus (Lem.) G.Schäfer = Parodia ottonis (Lehm.) N.P.Taylor Backbg. Cactaceae Cactaceae Notocactus beltranii (Fric ex Fleischer Notocactus magnificus (F.Ritter) Krainz = Parodia mammulosa (Lem.) & Schuetz) G.Schäfer ex N.P.Taylor N.P.Taylor Cactaceae Cactaceae Notocactus tabularis (Cels ex K.Schum.) Notocactus buiningii F.Buxb. = Parodia magnifica (F.Ritter) Backeb. Cactaceae F.H.Brandt Cactaceae = Parodia buiningii (Buxb.) N.P.Taylor Notocactus mammulosus Berger = Parodia concinna (Monville) Notocactus claviceps (Ritt.) Krainz Cactaceae N.P.Taylor Cactaceae = Parodia mammulosa (Lem.) Notocactus uebelmannianus Buining = Parodia claviceps (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor Cactaceae F.H.Brandt Notocactus muricatus (Otto ex Pfeiff.) = Parodia crassigibba (F.Ritter) N Notocactus concinnus Berger A.Berger N.P.Taylor Cactaceae Cactaceae Notocactus vanvlietii Rausch = Parodia concinna (Monville) = Parodia concinna (Monville) Cactaceae N.P.Taylor N.P.Taylor = Parodia concinna (Monville) Notocactus crassigibbus F.Ritter Notocactus orthacanthus (Link & Otto) N.P.Taylor Cactaceae D.J.Van Vliet Notocactus warasii (Ritt.) T.Hewitt = Parodia crassigibba (F.Ritter) Cactaceae & Donald N.P.Taylor Notocactus ottonis Berger Cactaceae Notocactus floricomus (Arechav.) Cactaceae = Parodia warasii (F.Ritter) F.H.Brandt A.Berger = Parodia ottonis (Lehm.) N.P.Taylor Notodanthonia linkii (Kunth) H.P.Linder Cactaceae Notocactus polyacanthus (Link & Otto) Poaceae = Parodia mammulosa (Lem.) S.Theunissen N.P.Taylor Notonia hildebrandtii Vatke Cactaceae Asteraceae Notocactus graessneri (Schum.) Notocactus pulvinatus van Vliet A.Berger Notonia petraea R.E.Fr. Cactaceae Cactaceae Asteraceae = Parodia graessneri (K.Schum.) Notocactus rauschii van Vliet Notospartium carmichaeliae Hook. f. F.H.Brandt Cactaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Notocactus grossei (K.Schum.) A.Berger Notocactus roseoluteus van Vliet Notospartium glabrescens Petrie Cactaceae Cactaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Parodia mammulosa (Lem.) Notocactus haselbergii (Rümpler) N.P.Taylor Nototrichium sandwicense (Gray) Hbd. A.Berger Amaranthaceae Cactaceae Notocactus rubricostatus (Fric ex See: Nototrichium viride Hbd. Fleischer & Schuetz) G.Schäfer Notocactus herteri (Werderm.) Buining Cactaceae Nototrichium viride Hbd. & Kreuz. Amaranthaceae Cactaceae Notocactus rutilans Daen. & Krainz = Nototrichium sandwicense = Parodia herteri (Werderm.) Cactaceae (Gray) Hbd. N.P.Taylor = Parodia rutilans (Däniker & Krainz) N.P.Taylor

330 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Notylia barkeri Lindl. coerulea Sav. Nymphaea tuberosa Paine Orchidaceae Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae = Nymphaea caerulea Sav. = Nymphaea odorata Aiton ssp. Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton ◆ Weed tuberosa (Paine) Wiersma & Hellquist Nymphaeaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Nymphaea colorata Peter Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea venusta Hentze Nuphar japonica DC. Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea X daubenyana W.T.Baxter ex Daubeny Nymphoides aquatica (J.F.Gmel.) Kuntze Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. Nymphaeaceae Menyanthaceae Nymphaeaceae = Nymphaea caerulea Sav. X ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 See: Nuphar luteum (L.) Sibth. & Sm. Nymphaea micrantha Guill. & Perr. ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 Nymphoides geminata (R.Br.) Kuntze [most probable combination] Menyanthaceae Nuphar luteum (L.) Sibth. & Sm. ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 Nymphaeaceae Hook. = Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & Smith Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze Nymphaeaceae ◆ Weed - 4 Menyanthaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 Nuphar X rubrodisca Morong Nymphaea glandulifera Rodschied Nymphaeaceae Nymphoides peltata (S.G.Gmel.) Kuntze Nymphaeaceae Menyanthaceae Nuphar sagittifolium (Walter) Pursh Nymphaea hybrida (Peck) Peck ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae Nyssa aquatica L. Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D.A.Sutton ◆ Weed - 2 Cornaceae Scrophulariaceae Nymphaea maculata Schumach. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N & Thonn. Nyssa biflora Walter Nuxia floribunda Benth. Nymphaeaceae Cornaceae Loganiaceae = Nymphaea odorata Aiton ssp. tuberosa (Paine) Wiersma & Hellquist Nyssa ogeche W.Bartram ex Marshall arbor-tristis L. ◆ Weed Cornaceae Verbenaceae Nymphaea X marliacea W.Watson Nyssa sinensis Oliv. Nyctocereus serpentinus (Lag. & Rodr.) Nymphaeaceae Cornaceae Britton & Rose ◆ Weed Cactaceae Nyssa sylvatica Marshall = Peniocereus serpentinus (Lag. Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. Cornaceae & Rodr.) N.P.Taylor Nymphaeaceae ◆ Weed - 3 N ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Nylandtia spinosa (L.) Dumort. Nyssa ursina Small Polygalaceae Burm. f. Cornaceae Nymphaeaceae Nymania capensis (Thunb.) Lindb. See: Nymphaea stellata Willd. Meliaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Nymphaea alba L. Nymphaea odorata Aiton Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 See: Nymphaea maculata Schumach. Nymphaea alba L. X Nymphaea & Thonn., Nymphaea tuberosa Paine tuberosa Paine ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea pulchella Lehm. ex Casp. Nymphaea ampla (Salisb.) DC. nom. inval. Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae See: Nymphaea pulchella Lehm. = Nymphaea tenerinervia Casp. ex Casp. nom. inval. Nymphaea rubra Roxb. ex Andrews ◆ Weed - 1 Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea caerulea Savigny ◆ Weed Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea stellata Willd. See: Nymphaea coerulea Sav. Nymphaeaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 = Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f. Nymphaea candida C.Presl ◆ Weed Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea tetragona Georgi Nymphaea capensis Thunb. Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 331 N

332 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status haleakalae O Credit: Forest and Kim Starr Oberonia anceps Lindl. Ochrosia haleakalae St.John Odontoglossum cordatum Lindl. Orchidaceae Apocynaceae Orchidaceae Oberonia disticha (Lam.) Schltr. Ocimum basilicum L. Odontoglossum grande Lindl. Orchidaceae Lamiaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Oberonia equitans (G.Forst.) Mutel Odontoglossum hallii Lindl. Orchidaceae Ocimum X citriodorum Vis. Orchidaceae Lamiaceae Oberonia gracilis Hook. f. Odontoglossum karwinskii (Lindl.) = Ocimum basilicum L. X Ocimum Orchidaceae Rchb. f. americanum L. Orchidaceae Oberonia heliophila Rchb. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Orchidaceae Odontoglossum pendulum (Lex.) Ocimum crispum Thunb. Bateman Oberonia longispica Schltr. Lamiaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Ocimum gratissimum L. Odontoglossum pulchellum Bateman Oberonia maxima C.S.P.Parish Lamiaceae ex Lindl. ex Hook. f. See: Ocimum viride Willd. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Odontoglossum wallisii Linden Oberonia pachyglossa Schltr. Ocimum kilimandscharicum Baker & Rchb. f. Orchidaceae ex Gürke Orchidaceae Obregonia denegrii Fric & A.Berger Lamiaceae Odontoglossum bictoniense (Bateman) Cactaceae Ocimum minimum L. Lindl. X Oncidium forbesii Hook. Lamiaceae Ochagavia carnea (Beer) L.B.Sm. Orchidaceae & Looser Ocimum sanctum L. Odontonema callistachyum (Schltr. Bromeliaceae Lamiaceae ◆ & Cham.) Kuntze Weed = Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Acanthaceae Ochagavia lindleyana (Lem.) Mez ◆ Weed - 3 = Odontonema tubaeforme Bromeliaceae Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (Nees) Kuntze Ochna atropurpurea DC. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed See: Ocimum sanctum L. Odontonema schomburgkianum ◆ Weed - N - 1A Ochna kirkii Oliv. (Nees) Kuntze O Ochnaceae Ocimum viride Willd. Acanthaceae = Ochna thomasiana Engl. & Gilg Lamiaceae Odontonema strictum (Nees) Kuntze ◆ Weed - 1 = Ocimum gratissimum L. Acanthaceae ◆ Weed Ochna mossambicensis Klotzsch = Odontonema tubaeforme Ochnaceae Ocotea foetens (Aiton) Baill. (Nees) Kuntze ◆ Weed - 2 Lauraceae ◆ Weed - 1 Ochna multiflora hort. Ocotea quixos (Lam.) Kosterm. Odontonema tubaeforme (Bertol.) Ochnaceae Lauraceae Kuntze = Ochna serrulata (Hochst.) Walp. Acanthaceae Octarrhena angraecoides (Schltr.) Schltr. ◆ Weed See: Odontonema callistachyum Orchidaceae Ochna serrulata (Hochst.) Walp. (Schltr. & Cham.) Kuntze, Ochnaceae Octomeles sumatrana Miq. Odontonema strictum (Nees) Kuntze ◆ See: Ochna multiflora hort. Datiscaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5A Odontadenia grandiflora Miq. Odontophorus angustifolius L.Bolus Ochna thomasiana Engl. & Gilg Apocynaceae Aizoaceae Ochnaceae Odontadenia macrantha (Roem. Odontophorus herrei L.Bolus See: Ochna kirkii Oliv. & Schult.) Markgr. Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Apocynaceae Odontophorus primulinus L.Bolus Ochroma lagopus Sw. Odontoglossum bictoniense Aizoaceae Bombacaceae (Bateman) Lindl. Odontosoria chinensis (L.) J.Sm. = Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. Orchidaceae Dennstaedtiaceae ex Lam.) Urb. = Rhynchostele bictoniensis ◆ Weed See: Sphenomeris chinensis (L.) (Bateman) Soto Arenas & Salazar Maxon, Sphenomeris chusana (L.) Ochrosia elliptica Labill. Odontoglossum citrosmum Lindl. Copel. Apocynaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 1

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 333 Odontospermum maritimum Sch.Bip. Oenothera erythrosepala Borbas Oenothera perennis L. Asteraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae = Oenothera glazioviana Micheli ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Odontostomum hartwegii Torr. ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Liliaceae Oenothera pumila L. Oenothera fraseri Pursh Onagraceae Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. Onagraceae ◆ Weed - 3 Orchidaceae See: Eulophidium maculatum Oenothera fruticosa L. Oenothera rosea L’Hérit. ex Aiton (Lindl.) Pfitzer Onagraceae Onagraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 See: Oenothera tetragona Roth ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & A.Gray Oenothera rubricaulis Kleb. ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon Oenothera glabra Mill. Onagraceae Rosaceae Onagraceae ◆ Weed - 5 See: Osmaronia cerasiformis (Torr. Oenothera glazioviana Micheli Oenothera rubrinervis De Vries & Gray) Greene Onagraceae Onagraceae ◆ Weed - 2 = Oenothera grandiflora L’Hér. Oenothera serrulata Nutt. Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poir. X Oenothera elata Kunth [most Onagraceae Apiaceae probable combination] = Calylophus serrulatus (Nutt.) ◆ Weed - 1 See: Oenothera erythrosepala Borbás P.H.Raven ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Oenanthe crocata L. Oenothera speciosa Nutt. Apiaceae Oenothera hookeri Torr. & A.Gray Onagraceae ◆ Weed Onagraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A = Oenothera elata Kunth ssp. Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. hookeri (Torr. & A.Gray) W.Dietr. Oenothera stricta Ledeb. ex Link Apiaceae & W.L.Wagner Onagraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Oenocarpus bataua (Mart.) Burret Oenothera indecora Cambess. Oenothera tetragona Roth Arecaceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Oenocarpus distichus Mart. ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3A - 5 = Oenothera fruticosa L. ssp. glauca Arecaceae (Michx.) Straley Oenothera jamesii Torr. & A.Gray ◆ Weed Oenocarpus mapora H.Karst. Onagraceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 Oenothera tetraptera Cav. Onagraceae Oenocarpus minor Mart. Oenothera kunthiana (Spach) Munz ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 Arecaceae Onagraceae ◆ Weed Oenothera triloba Nutt. Oenothera acaulis Cav. O Onagraceae Onagraceae Oenothera laciniata Hill ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - N Onagraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 5 Oenothera versicolor Lehm. Oenothera affinis Cambess. Onagraceae Onagraceae Oenothera lamarckiana Ser. See: Oenothera campylocalyx ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Onagraceae K.Koch & C.D.Bouche ◆ Weed L. Oenothera xylocarpa Cov. Onagraceae Oenothera longiflora L. Onagraceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 Onagraceae ◆ Weed - N - 5 Oenothera youngii L.H.Bailey Oenothera caespitosa Nutt. Onagraceae Onagraceae Oenothera macrocarpa Nutt. ◆ Weed - 5 Onagraceae Oeoniella polystachys (Thouars) Schltr. See: Oenothera missouriensis Sims Orchidaceae Oenothera campylocalyx K.Koch & C.D.Bouche Oenothera missouriensis Sims Oldenburgia arbuscula DC. Onagraceae Onagraceae Asteraceae = Oenothera versicolor Lehm. = Oenothera macrocarpa Nutt. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Oenothera drummondii Hook. Oldenlandia affinis (Roem. & Schult.) DC. Onagraceae Oenothera mollissima L. Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Onagraceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N Oenothera elata Kunth Oldenlandia corymbosa L. Onagraceae Oenothera odorata Jacq. Rubiaceae See: Oenothera hookeri Torr. Onagraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 & A.Gray ◆ Weed - 3 Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxb. ◆ Weed Oenothera pallida Lindl. Rubiaceae Onagraceae ◆ Weed - 3

334 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status africana Mill. pachyphylla Cheeseman Omphalodes verna Moench Oleaceae Asteraceae Boraginaceae = Olea europaea L. ssp. cuspidata ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Olearia paniculata (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) (Wall. ex G.Don) Cif. Druce Omphalogramma delavayi (Franch.) ◆ Weed - 1A Asteraceae Franch. L. ◆ Weed - 2 Primulaceae Oleaceae Olearia semidentata Decne. ex Hook. f. Oncidium altissimum (Jacq.) Sw. Olea dioica Roxb. Asteraceae Orchidaceae Oleaceae = Oncidium baueri Lindl. Olearia solandri (Hook. f.) Hook. f. Olea europaea L. Asteraceae Oncidium ampliatum Lindl. Oleaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Orchidaceae See: Olea africana Mill. Olearia townsonii Cheeseman Oncidium baueri Lindl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5A Asteraceae Orchidaceae Olea fragrans Thunb. ex Murray See: Oncidium altissimum (Jacq.) Sw. Olearia traversii (F.Müell.) Hook. f. Oleaceae Asteraceae Oncidium carthagenense (Jacq.) Sw. Olea glandulifera Desf. ◆ Weed - 2 Orchidaceae Oleaceae Olfersia cervina (L.) Kunze Oncidium cavendishianum Bateman Olea verrucosa (Willd.) Link Dryopteridaceae Orchidaceae Oleaceae See: Polybotrya cervina (L.) Kaulf. Oncidium cebolleta (Jacq.) Swartz Oleandra articulata (Sw.) Presl Oligoneuron album (Nutt.) Nesom Orchidaceae McPherson Asteraceae Oncidium cheirophorum Rchb. f. Oleandraceae Oligoneuron riddellii (Frank ex Riddell) Orchidaceae Oleandra herrei Copel. Nesom Oncidium ciliatum Lindl. Oleandraceae Asteraceae Orchidaceae See: Solidago riddellii Frank ex Riddell Oleandra pistillaris (Sw.) C.Chr. Oncidium ensatum Lindl. Oleandraceae Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small Orchidaceae Asteraceae Olearia albida (Hook. f.) Hook. f. ◆ Weed See: Solidago rigida L. Asteraceae Oncidium excavatum Lindl. Olinia emarginata Burtt Davy Olearia avicenniifolia (Raoul) Hook. f. Orchidaceae Oliniaceae Asteraceae Oncidium fimbriatum Lindl. ◆ Weed Olinia ventosa (L.) Cufod. Orchidaceae Oliniaceae Olearia chathamica Kirk Oncidium flexuosum (Kunth) Lindl. Asteraceae Olmediella betschleriana (Gopp.) Loes. O Orchidaceae Flacourtiaceae Olearia cheesemanii Cockayne & Allan Oncidium forbesii Hook. Asteraceae Olneya tesota A.Gray Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Olearia colensoi Hook. f. Oncidium fuscans Rchb. f. Asteraceae Olsynium douglasii (A.Dietr.) Bickn. Orchidaceae Iridaceae Olearia cymbifolia (Hook. f.) Cheesem. See: Sisyrinchium douglasii A.Dietr. Oncidium gardneri Lindl. Asteraceae Orchidaceae Olsynium filifolium (Gaudich.) Goldblatt Olearia dentata Moench Iridaceae Oncidium gravesianum Rolfe Asteraceae Orchidaceae Olyra latifolia L. Olearia furfuracea (A.Rich.) Hook. f. Poaceae Oncidium haematochilum Lindl. Asteraceae ◆ Weed & Paxton Olearia X haastii Hook. f. Orchidaceae Omalanthus populneus (Geiseler) Pax Asteraceae Euphorbiaceae Oncidium hintonii L.O.Wms. = Olearia avicenniifolia (Raoul) Orchidaceae Hook. f. X Olearia moschata Hook. f. Omphalocarpum elatum Miers ◆ Weed - 2 Sapotaceae Oncidium incurvum Barker ex Lindl. Orchidaceae Olearia ilicifolia Hook. f. Omphalodes cappadocica DC. Asteraceae Boraginaceae Oncidium lanceanum Lindl. ◆ Weed - 2 Orchidaceae Omphalodes linifolia (L.) Moench Olearia lacunosa Hook. f. Boraginaceae Oncidium lietzei Regel Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 Orchidaceae Olearia macrodonta Baker Omphalodes nitida Hoffm. & Link Oncidium luridum Lindl. Asteraceae Boraginaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 335 Oncidium maculatum Urb. Oncidium variegatum Sw. Ononis ornithopodioides L. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Tolumnia variegata (Sw.) G.J.Braem Oncidium marshallianum Rchb. f. Ononis reclinata L. ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Oncidium wentworthianum Batem. ◆ Weed - 3 Oncidium microchilum Bateman ex Lindl. ex Lindl. Ononis repens L. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Oncoba kraussiana (Hochst.) Planch. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Oncidium micropogon Rchb. f. Flacourtiaceae Orchidaceae Ononis spinosa L. Oncoba routledgei Sprague Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Oncidium obryzatum Reichb. f. Flacourtiaceae See: Ononis campestris W.D.J.Koch & Warsz. & Ziz Orchidaceae Oncosiphon grandiflorum (Thunb.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Källersjö Oncidium oliganthum (Rchb. f.) Asteraceae acanthium L. L.O.Williams ex Correll ◆ Weed Asteraceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Oncosiphon piluliferum (L. f.) Källersjö Oncidium ornithorhynchum Kunth Asteraceae Onopordum acaulon L. Orchidaceae See: globifera (Thunb.) Hutch. Asteraceae Oncidium ornithorhynchum Kunth & ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Lindl. X Oncidium barbatum Paxton Oncosiphon suffruticosum (L.) Källersjö Onopordum bracteatum Boiss. & Heldr. Orchidaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Oncidium papilio Lindl. See: Pentzia suffruticosa (L.) Hutch. L. Orchidaceae ex Merxm. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A - 4A Oncidium phymatochilum Lindl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A Orchidaceae Oncosperma fasciculatum Thwaites Onopordum nervosum Boiss. Arecaceae Oncidium pubes Lindl. Asteraceae Orchidaceae Oncosperma horridum (Griff.) Scheff. ◆ Weed - 2A Arecaceae Oncidium pulchellum Hook. Onopordum tauricum Willd. Orchidaceae Oncosperma tigillaria (Jack) Ridley Asteraceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 Oncidium pulvinatum Lindl. = Oncosperma tigillarium (Jack) Ridley Orchidaceae Onosma alborosea Fisch. & Mey. Oncosperma tigillarium (Jack) Ridley Boraginaceae Oncidium sarcodes Lindl. Arecaceae Orchidaceae Onosma echioides L. O See: Oncosperma tigillaria (Jack) Ridley Boraginaceae Oncidium sarcodes Lindl. X Oncidium Onixotis triquetra (L. f.) Mabb. triquetrum (Sw.) R.Br. Onosma taurica Pall. ex Willd. Liliaceae Orchidaceae Boraginaceae Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC. Oncidium spathulatum (Kraenzl.) Stacy Onychium japonicum (Thunb.) Kunze Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Orchidaceae Pteridaceae Onobrychis biebersteinii Sirj. Oncidium sphacelatum Lindl. Onychium siliculosum (Desv.) C.Chr. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Orchidaceae Pteridaceae Onobrychis sintenisii Bornm. Oncidium sphacelatum Lindl. X Oophytum oviforme (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Oncidium crispum G.Lodd. X Aizoaceae Oncidium ornithorhynchum Kunth Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. Operculicarya decaryi H.Perrier Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Anacardiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 Oncidium splendidum A.Rich. Operculicarya pachypus U.Eggli ex Duchartre Onoclea sensibilis L. Anacardiaceae Orchidaceae Dryopteridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Ophionella willowmorensis Bruyns Oncidium stenotis Reichb. f. Asclepiadaceae Orchidaceae Ononis alopecuroides L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ophiopogon caulescens Backer Oncidium tigrinum Llave & Lex ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 4 - 5 Convallariaceae Orchidaceae Ononis campestris W.D.J.Koch & Ziz Ophiopogon grandis W.W.Sm. Oncidium triquetrum (Sw.) R.Br. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Convallariaceae Orchidaceae = Ononis spinosa L. Ophiopogon intermedius D.Don Oncidium varicosum Lindl. ◆ Weed Convallariaceae Orchidaceae Ononis cristata Mill. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae

336 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Ophiopogon jaburan (Siebold) Opuntia alcahes A.Weber Opuntia boliviana Salm-Dyck G.Lodd. Cactaceae Cactaceae Convallariaceae = Cylindropuntia prolifera (Engelm.) Opuntia bradtiana (Coul.) Brandegee See: Liriope gigantea H.H.Hume F.M. Knuth Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Opuntia alexanderi Britton & Rose See: Grusonia bradtiana (Coult.) Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker Gawl. Cactaceae Britton & Rose Convallariaceae Opuntia ammophila Small Opuntia brasiliensis (Willd.) Haw. ◆ Weed - 5 Cactaceae Cactaceae Ophiopogon ohwii Okuyama = (Raf.) Raf. ◆ Weed - 2 Convallariaceae var. ammophila (Small) L.Benson ◆ Weed - 5 Opuntia brevispina H.E.Gates Ophiopogon planiscapus Nakai Cactaceae Convallariaceae Opuntia amyclaea Ten. Cactaceae Opuntia bulbispina Engelmann Ophrys apifera Huds. Cactaceae Orchidaceae Opuntia antillana Britton & Rose ◆ Weed Cactaceae Opuntia burrageana Britton & Rose = Opuntia X cubensis Britton & Rose Cactaceae Ophrys bertolonii Moretti Orchidaceae Opuntia aoracantha Lem. Opuntia californica (Torr. & Gray) Coville ◆ Weed Cactaceae Cactaceae = Opuntia tetracantha Toumey Ophrys bombyliflora Link Opuntia arbuscula Engelm. Orchidaceae Cactaceae Opuntia camachoi Espinosa ◆ Weed = Cylindropuntia arbuscula Cactaceae (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth Ophrys fusca Link Opuntia cantabrigiensis Lynch Orchidaceae Opuntia arechavaletai Speg. Cactaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed Opuntia canterai Arechav. Ophrys lutea (Gouan) Cav. Opuntia argentina Griseb. Cactaceae Cactaceae Orchidaceae Opuntia caracassana Salm-Dyck ◆ Weed Opuntia armata Backeb. Cactaceae Cactaceae Ophrys scolopax Cav. Opuntia cardiosperma K.Schum. Orchidaceae Opuntia articulata Pfeiff. ex Otto Cactaceae ◆ Weed Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N = Tephrocactus articulatus (Pfeiff.) Ophrys sphegodes Miller Opuntia caribaea Britton & Rose Backeb. Orchidaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed Opuntia atacamensis Phil. Cactaceae Opuntia chichensis (Cárdenas) O Oplismenus africanus P.Beauv. G.D.Rowley Poaceae Opuntia auberi Pfeiff. Cactaceae Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Opuntia chlorotica Engelm. Roem. & Schult. & J.M.Bigelow Poaceae Lindl. Cactaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 - 5 Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Opuntia cholla F.A.C.Weber horridus (Sm.) Miq. Cactaceae Araliaceae Opuntia austrina Small ◆ Weed - 3 Cactaceae Opuntia ciribe Engelm. ex J.M.Coult. Cactaceae Opopanax chironium (L.) Koch = Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. var. austrina (Small) Dress Apiaceae Opuntia clavarioides Pfeiff. ◆ Weed Opuntia azurea Rose Cactaceae Cactaceae Opopanax hispidus (Friv.) Griseb. Opuntia clavata Engelm. Apiaceae Opuntia backebergii G.D.Rowley Cactaceae ◆ Weed Cactaceae See: Corynopuntia clavata (Engelm.) Knuth Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow & J.M.Bigelow Cactaceae Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill. Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia bergeriana F.A.C.Weber ◆ Weed - N See: Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) ex A.Berger Salm-Dyck Opuntia aciculata Griffiths Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Cactaceae ◆ Weed Opuntia colorea (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt Opuntia agglomerata A.Berger Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia colubrina A.Cast. Opuntia albisaetacens Backeb. Opuntia blancii (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 337 Opuntia compressa (Salisb.) Macbr. Opuntia dumetorum A.Berger Opuntia glomerata Haw. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. Opuntia gosseliniana F.A.C.Weber ◆ Weed & J.Bigelow Cactaceae Opuntia conoidea (F.Ritter ex Backeb.) Cactaceae = Opuntia macrocentra Engelm. G.D.Rowley Opuntia echios J.T.Howell Opuntia gracilicylindrica (Wieg. Cactaceae Cactaceae & Backeberg) Rowley Opuntia cordobensis Speg. Cactaceae Link & Otto Cactaceae = Opuntia pulchella Engelm. Cactaceae Opuntia corotilla Schumann ex Vaupel ◆ Weed Opuntia grahamii Engelm. Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia elatior Mill. Opuntia corrugata Salm-Dyck Cactaceae Opuntia hirschii (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A Cactaceae Opuntia crassicylindrica (Rauh Opuntia emoryi Engelm. Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Opuntia parishii Orcutt See: Opuntia austrina Small , Opuntia vulgaris auct. Opuntia cubensis Britton & Rose Salm-Dyck ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Cactaceae ex Engelm. Cactaceae Opuntia hyptiacantha F.A.C.Weber Opuntia X cubensis Britton & Rose See: Opuntia discata Griffiths , Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm., See: Opuntia antillana Britton & Rose Opuntia hystricina Engelm. & Bigel. Opuntia linguiformis Griffiths Cactaceae Opuntia curassavica (L.) Mill. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Cactaceae Opuntia ignescens Vaupel Opuntia erectoclada Backeb. Cactaceae Opuntia cylindrica (Lam.) DC. Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia imbricata (Haw.) DC. Opuntia erinacea Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Cactaceae Cactaceae = Cylindropuntia imbricata (Haw.) ◆ Opuntia cymochila Engelm. & Bigelow Weed - N Kunth Cactaceae Opuntia estevesii P.J.Braun ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Opuntia dactylifera Vaupel Cactaceae Opuntia inaequilateralis A.Berger Cactaceae Opuntia exaltata Berg. Cactaceae Opuntia darwinii Henslow Cactaceae Opuntia inamoena K.Schum. Cactaceae = Opuntia subulata (Muehlenpf.) Cactaceae O Engelm. Opuntia davisii Engelm. & Bigelow ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Opuntia inermis (DC.) DC. Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia falcata Ekman & Werderm. Opuntia dejecta Salm-Dyck = (Haw.) Haw. Cactaceae ◆ Cactaceae Weed See: Nopalea dejecta (Salm-Dyck) Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Opuntia invicta Brandegee Salm-Dyck Cactaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A See: Opuntia compressa (Salisb.) Macbr., Opuntia megacantha Opuntia ipatiana Cárdenas Opuntia densiaculeata (Backeb.) Salm-Dyck Cactaceae G.D.Rowley ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 = Opuntia salmiana Parm. ex Pfeiff. Cactaceae Opuntia flexuosa (Backeb.) Opuntia karwinskiana Salm-Dyck Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia kiska-loro Speg. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A - 4 - 5 Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck Cactaceae Opuntia dimorpha Foerst. Cactaceae Opuntia kleiniae DC. Cactaceae See: Opuntia rauhii (Backeb.) Cactaceae = Opuntia sphaerica Foerster G.D.Rowley = Cylindropuntia kleiniae Kunth Opuntia discata Griffiths Opuntia fulgida Engelm. Opuntia kunzei Rose Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ◆ Weed - 2 - 4 - 5 ex Engelm. Opuntia laevis Coulter Opuntia fulvicoma (Rauh & Backeb.) Cactaceae Opuntia discolor Britton & Rose G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Opuntia lagopus K.Schum. Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia drummondii Graham Opuntia geometrica A.Castell. Cactaceae Opuntia lanceolata (Haw.) Haw. Cactaceae = Opuntia pusilla (Haw.) Nutt. Cactaceae

338 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Opuntia lasiacantha Pfeiff. Opuntia miquelii Monv. Opuntia pentlandii Salm-Dyck Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia leptocaulis DC. Opuntia mistiensis (Backeb.) Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. Cactaceae G.D.Rowley Cactaceae = Cylindropuntia leptocaulis (DC.) Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 5 F.M.Knuth Opuntia moelleri A.Berger Opuntia picardoi Marn.-Lapost. ◆ Weed Cactaceae Cactaceae DC. Opuntia molesta Brandegee Opuntia pilifera F.A.C.Weber Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Opuntia molinensis Speg. Opuntia platyacantha Salm-Dyck Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Haw. Haw. ex Engelm. Cactaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 See: Opuntia vulgaris auct. See: Opuntia sphaerocarpa Engelm. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5A & Bigelow Opuntia linguiformis Griffiths ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Cactaceae Opuntia moniliformis (L.) Haw. ex Steud. = Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactaceae Opuntia prolifera Engelm. ex Engelm. var. linguiformis (Griffiths) Cactaceae Opuntia mortolensis Britton & Rose B.D.Parfitt & Pinkava = Cylindropuntia alcahes Cactaceae ◆ Weed (F.A.C.Weber) F.M.Knuth, Opuntia Opuntia multigeniculata Clokey alcahes A.Weber Opuntia lloydii Rose Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia puberula Pfeiff. = Opuntia whipplei Engelm. Cactaceae Opuntia lubrica Griffiths & Bigel. var. multigeniculata ◆ Weed - N - 1A Cactaceae (Clokey) L.Benson = Opuntia rufida Engelmann Opuntia pubescens Wendland Opuntia munzii C.B.Wolf ◆ Weed ex Pfeiffer Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia lucayana Britton Opuntia nashii Britton Cactaceae Opuntia pulchella Engelm. Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia macracantha Griseb. Opuntia neoargentina (Backeb.) See: Opuntia gracilicylindrica (Wieg. Cactaceae G.D.Rowley & Backeberg) Rowley Opuntia macrocalyx Griffiths Cactaceae Opuntia punta-caillan (Rauh & Backeb.) Cactaceae Opuntia nigrispina K.Schum. G.D.Rowley = (Lehm.) Pfeiff. Cactaceae Cactaceae O Opuntia macrocentra Engelm. Opuntia nuda (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley Opuntia pusilla (Haw.) Nutt. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Opuntia gosseliniana See: Opuntia drummondii Graham F.A.C.Weber, Opuntia violacea Opuntia orbiculata Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff. Engelm. Cactaceae Opuntia pycnantha Engelm. Cactaceae Opuntia mamillata Engelm. Opuntia orurensis Cárdenas Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia pyrrhacantha K.Schum. Cactaceae Opuntia marenae S.H.Parsons Opuntia ovata Pfeiff. Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia quimilo Schumann See: Opuntia russellii Britton Cactaceae Opuntia megacantha Salm-Dyck & Rose, Tephrocactus russellii ◆ Weed - 5 Cactaceae (Britton & Rose) Backeb. = Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Opuntia quitensis A.Weber ◆ Weed Opuntia pachypus K.Schum. Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia microdasys (Lehm.) Pfeiff. Opuntia rahmeri Phil. ◆ Weed - N Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Opuntia macrocalyx Griffiths Opuntia palmadora Britton & Rose Opuntia ramosissima Engelm. ◆ Weed - N - 5 Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia microdisca F.A.C.Weber Opuntia paraguayensis K.Schum. Opuntia rauhii (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Opuntia millspaughii Britton = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck Cactaceae Opuntia parishii Orcutt Opuntia reflexispina Wiggins & Rollins Cactaceae Opuntia minuta (Backeb.) Castellanos Cactaceae See: Opuntia emoryi Engelm. Cactaceae Opuntia retrorsa Speg. Cactaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 339 H.L.Wendl. ex Pfeiff. Opuntia sphaerica Foerster Opuntia triacantha (Willd.) Sweet Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Opuntia sphaerocarpa Engelm. Opuntia tuna (L.) Mill. Opuntia rosarica G.E.Linds. & Bigelow Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 5 = Opuntia polyacantha Haw. var. Opuntia rosea DC. Opuntia tunicata (Lehm.) Pfeiff. juniperina (Britton & Rose) L.Benson Cactaceae Cactaceae = Cylindropuntia rosea (DC.) Backeb. Opuntia spinosior (Engelm.) Toumey = Cylindropuntia tunicata ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Cactaceae (Lehmann) Knuth = Cylindropuntia spinosior (Engelm.) ◆ Weed - 5 Opuntia rubescens Salm-Dyck ex DC. F.M.Knuth Cactaceae Opuntia unguispina Backeb. ◆ Weed - 5 Cactaceae Opuntia rufida Engelmann Opuntia spinosissima Mill. Cactaceae Opuntia velutina F.A.C.Weber Cactaceae See: Opuntia lubrica Griffiths Cactaceae See: Consolea spinosissima Opuntia russellii Britton & Rose (Mill.) Lem. Opuntia verschaffeltii Cels Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia spinulifera Salm-Dyck = Opuntia ovata Pfeiff. Cactaceae Opuntia versicolor Engelm. Opuntia salmiana Pfeiff. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ex J.M.Coult. Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia stenopetala Engelm. See: Austrocylindropuntia ipatiana ◆ Weed Cactaceae (Parm. ex Pfeiff.) Backeb., Opuntia Opuntia vestita Salm-Dyck ipatiana Cárdenas Opuntia streptacantha Lem. Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia santa-rita (Griffiths & Hare) ◆ Weed - N - 3A Opuntia vilis Rose Rose Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. Cactaceae Opuntia violacea Engelm. Opuntia santamaria (E.M.Baxter) See: Opuntia inermis (DC.) DC. Cactaceae Wiggins ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 = Opuntia macrocentra Engelm. Cactaceae Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. X Opuntia Opuntia viridiflora Britton & Rose Opuntia saxatilis (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Cactaceae & Esteves Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia vitelliniflora (F.Ritter) ◆ Weed - N - 3A P.J.Braun & Esteves Opuntia scheeri F.A.C.Weber Opuntia subterranea R.E.Fries Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae O Opuntia vulgaris auct. Opuntia schickendantzii F.A.C.Weber Opuntia subulata (Muehlenpf.) Engelm. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae auct. mult. = Opuntia monacantha ◆ Weed - N - 1A See: Austrocylindropuntia Haw. -or- auct. non = Opuntia Opuntia schottii Engelm. subulata (Engelm.) Backeb., humifusa (Raf.) Raf. Cactaceae Opuntia exaltata Berg. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 5 Opuntia schulzii A.Castellanos Opuntia weberi Speg. & H.V.Lelong Gillies ex Salm-Dyck Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia weingartiana Backeb. ◆ Weed - N Opuntia serpentina Engelm. Cactaceae Cactaceae Opuntia tapona Engelm. ex Coult. Opuntia whipplei Engelm. & Bigel. = Cylindropuntia californica Cactaceae Cactaceae (Torr. & Gray) F.M. Knuth Opuntia tarapacana Phil. See: Opuntia multigeniculata Clokey Opuntia shaferi Britton & Rose Cactaceae Opuntia wigginsii L.D.Benson Cactaceae Opuntia tesajo Engelm. ex Coult. Cactaceae Opuntia silvestris Backeb. Cactaceae Opuntia yanganucensis (Rauh Cactaceae Opuntia tetracantha Toumey & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley Opuntia soederstromiana Britton Cactaceae Cactaceae & Rose See: Opuntia californica (Torr. Opuntia zehnderi (Rauh & Backeb.) Cactaceae & Gray) Coville G.D.Rowley Opuntia soehrensii Britton & Rose Opuntia thurberi Engelm. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Orania decipiens Becc. Opuntia spegazzinii F.A.C.Weber Opuntia tomentosa Salm-Dyck Arecaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Orania lauterbachiana Becc. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Arecaceae

340 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Orania longisquama (Jum.) J.Dransf. & Orbignya speciosa (Mart.) Barb.Rodr. Oreocereus piscoensis (Rauh & Backeb.) N.Uhl. nom. illeg. F.Ritter Arecaceae Arecaceae Cactaceae = Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng. Orania palindan (Blanco) Merr. Oreocereus pseudofossulatus D.R.Hunt Arecaceae Orchis anthropophora (L.) All. Cactaceae Orchidaceae See: Borzicactus fossulatus (Labour.) Orania sylvicola (Griff.) H.E.Moore Kimnach, Oreocereus fossulatus Arecaceae Orchis mascula L. (Labour.) Backeb. Orchidaceae Orania trispatha (J.Dransf. & N.W.Uhl) ◆ Weed Oreocereus ritteri Cullman Beentje & J.Dransf. Cactaceae Arecaceae Orchis militaris L. Orchidaceae Oreocereus trollii Kupper Orbea caudata (N.E.Br.) P.V.Bruyns ◆ Weed Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae Orchis morio L. Oreocnide frutescens Miq. Orbea ciliata (Thunb.) L.C.Leach Orchidaceae Urticaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed Oreodoxa oleracea (Jacq.) Mart. Orbea cooperi (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach Orchis pallens L. Arecaceae Asclepiadaceae Orchidaceae Oreodoxa regia Kunth Orbea distincta (E.A.Bruce) P.V.Bruyns ◆ Weed Arecaceae Asclepiadaceae Orchis palustris Jacq. dactylifolius T.Moore Orbea dummeri (N.E.Br.) Bruyns Orchidaceae Araliaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed Oreopanax reticulatum Decne. Orbea lepida Haw. Orchis simia Lam. & Planch. Asclepiadaceae Orchidaceae Araliaceae ◆ Weed Orbea macloughlinii (Verdoon.) Oreopteris limbosperma (Bellardi C.L.Leech Oreocallis mucronata (Willd. ex Roem. ex All.) Holub Asclepiadaceae & Schult.) Sleumer Thelypteridaceae Proteaceae Orbea melanantha (Schltr.) L.C.Leach = Thelypteris limbosperma (Bellardi Asclepiadaceae Oreocereus celsianus (Lem. ex Salm- ex All.) H.P.Fuchs Dyck) Riccob. ◆ Weed Orbea semota (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae Origanum X applii (Domin) Boros See: Borzicactus celsianus (Lem. Lamiaceae Orbea ubomboensis (I.Verd.) P.V.Bruyns ex Salm-Dyck) Kimnach, Oreocereus Asclepiadaceae neocelsianus Backbg. Origanum dictamnus L. Lamiaceae (L.) Haw. Oreocereus doelzianus (Backeb.) Borg O Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Origanum heracleoticum L. See: Stapelia variegata L. See: Borzicactus doelzianus Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A (Backeb.) Kimnach, Morawetzia ◆ Weed sericata F.Ritter Orbea wissmannii (O.Schwartz) Origanum laevigatum Boiss. P.V.Bruyns Oreocereus fossulatus (Labour.) Backeb. Lamiaceae Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae Origanum majorana L. = Oreocereus pseudofossulatus Orbea woodii (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach Lamiaceae D.R.Hunt Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Oreocereus hempelianus (Gürke) Orbeanthus hardyi (R.A.Dyer) L.C.Leach Origanum maru L. D.R.Hunt Asclepiadaceae Lamiaceae Cactaceae Orbeopsis caudata (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach Origanum microphyllum (Benth.) Vogel Oreocereus hendriksenianus Backeb. Asclepiadaceae Lamiaceae Cactaceae Orbignya barbosiana Burret = Oreocereus leucotrichus (Philippi) Origanum onites L. Arecaceae Wagenknecht Lamiaceae = Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng. ◆ Weed Oreocereus leucotrichus (Philippi) Orbignya cohune (Mart.) Dahlgren Wagenknecht Origanum rotundifolium Boiss. ex Standl. Cactaceae Lamiaceae Arecaceae See: Oreocereus hendriksenianus Origanum sipyleum L. = Attalea cohune Mart. Backeb. Lamiaceae Orbignya lydiae Drude Oreocereus neocelsianus Backbg. Origanum syriacum L. Arecaceae Cactaceae Lamiaceae = Oreocereus celsianus (Lem. Orbignya martiana Barb.Rodr. ◆ Weed - 3 ex Salm-Dyck) Riccob. Arecaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 341 Origanum tyttanthum Gontsch. hispidum Hornem. Ornithogalum scilloides Jacq. Lamiaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae Origanum virens Hoffm. & Link Ornithogalum juncifolium Jacq. Ornithogalum serotinum (L.) Lamiaceae Liliaceae J.C.Manning & Goldblatt ◆ Weed Liliaceae Ornithogalum longibracteatum Jacq. Origanum vulgare L. Liliaceae Ornithogalum sibthorpii Greut. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 ◆ Weed Ornithogalum maculatum Jacq. Orlaya grandiflora (L.) Hoffm. Liliaceae Ornithogalum sigmoideum Freyn Apiaceae & Sint. Ornithogalum maximum (Burm. f.) ◆ Weed - 3 Liliaceae J.C.Manning & Goldblatt Orleanesia yauaperyensis Barb.Rodr. Liliaceae Ornithogalum suaveolens Jacq. Orchidaceae Liliaceae Ornithogalum montanum Cirillo Ormosia henryi Prain Liliaceae Ornithogalum tenuifolium F.Delaroche Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae Ornithogalum multifolium Bak. Ornithidium densum Rchb. f. = Ornithogalum gussonei Ten. Liliaceae ◆ Orchidaceae Weed Ornithogalum nanum Sibth. & Sm. Jacq. Ornithogalum angustifolium Bor. Liliaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - 2 Ornithogalum narbonense L. Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Liliaceae L. Ornithogalum arabicum L. ◆ Weed - 3 Liliaceae Liliaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Ornithogalum nelsonii (N.E.Br.) Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 J.C.Manning & Goldblatt Ornithogalum unifolium (L.) Ker Gawl. Ornithogalum balansae Boiss. Liliaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae Ornithogalum nutans L. Ornithogalum viride (L.) J.C.Manning Ornithogalum candicans (Baker) Liliaceae & Goldblatt J.C.Manning & Goldblatt ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Liliaceae Liliaceae Ornithogalum oligophyllum E.D.Clarke Ornithogalum viridiflorum (I.Verd.) Ornithogalum caudatum Jacq. Liliaceae Liliaceae J.C.Manning & Goldblatt ◆ Weed - N - 1 Ornithogalum orthophyllum Ten. Liliaceae Liliaceae Ornithogalum woronowii Krasch. Ornithogalum concinnum (Salisb.) Cout. ◆ Weed O Liliaceae Liliaceae Ornithogalum pilosum Linn. f. Ornithophora radicans (Rchb. f.) Ornithogalum concordianum (Baker) Liliaceae U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müller-Doblies Garay & Pabst Liliaceae Ornithogalum polyphyllum Jacq. Orchidaceae Liliaceae Ornithogalum conicum Jacq. Ornithopus compressus L. Liliaceae Ornithogalum pruinosum Leighton Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Ornithogalum dubium Houtt. Ornithogalum pyramidale L. Ornithopus isthmocarpus Cosson Liliaceae Liliaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N = Ornithopus sativus Brot. ssp. Ornithogalum fimbriatum Willd. isthmocarpus (Coss.) Dostal Liliaceae Ornithogalum pyrenaicum L. Liliaceae Ornithopus perpusillus L. Ornithogalum fimbrimarginatum ◆ Weed - N - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leighton ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Liliaceae Ornithogalum refractum Kit. Liliaceae Ornithopus pinnatus (Mill.) Druce Ornithogalum fragrans (Jacq.) ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae J.C.Manning & Goldblatt ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Liliaceae Ornithogalum reverchonii Lange Liliaceae Ornithopus sativus Brot. Ornithogalum glandulosum Oberm. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae Ornithogalum saundersiae Baker See: Ornithopus isthmocarpus Liliaceae Ornithogalum graminifolium Thunb. Cosson ◆ Weed - 3 Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Ornithogalum saxatile J.C.Manning Ornithogalum gussonei Ten. Ornithopus sativus Brot. X Ornithopus & Goldblatt Liliaceae compressus L. Liliaceae See: Ornithogalum tenuifolium Leguminosae - Papilionaceae F.Delaroche

342 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Orobanche loricata Recihb. Orthophytum saxicola (Ule) L.B.Smith Oscularia caulescens (Mill.) Schwant. X Orthophytum gurkenii Hutchison Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - N Bromeliaceae = Lampranthus deltoides (L.) Glen ◆ Weed Orobanche minor Sm. Orthophytum saxicola (Ule) L.B.Smith Orobanchaceae X Orthophytum vagans M.B.Foster Oscularia deltoides Schwantes ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 - 5 Bromeliaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Orobanche ramosa L. Orthophytum vagans M.B.Foster Orobanchaceae Bromeliaceae americanus (L.) Benth. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 & Hook. f. ex A.Gray Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. Oleaceae Orontium aquaticum L. Lamiaceae Araceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 Diels ◆ Weed - 4 Oleaceae Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. Lamiaceae Osmanthus aurantiacus (Makino) Nakai Bignoniaceae Oleaceae Orthothylax glaberrimus (Hook. f.) Oroya borchersii (Boed.) Backeb. Skottsb. Osmanthus X burkwoodii (Burkwood Cactaceae & Skipwith) P.S.Green Oleaceae Oroya peruviana (K.Schum.) Britton chimboracensis = Osmanthus decorus (Boiss. & Rose (Kunth) Baker & Balansa) Kasapligil X Osmanthus Cactaceae Iridaceae delavayi Franch. ◆ Weed Orphium frutescens (L.) E.Mey. Osmanthus decorus (Boiss. & Balansa) Gentianaceae Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) Kasapligil O.E.Schulz Oleaceae Ortegocactus macdougallii Alexander Brassicaceae Cactaceae Franch. ◆ Weed Oleaceae Ortgiesia organensis (Wawra) L.B.Sm. rufipogon Griff. & W.J.Kress Osmanthus X fortunei Carrière Poaceae Bromeliaceae Oleaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 See: Aechmea organensis Wawra = Lour. X L. (G.Don.) Orthiopteris campylura (Kunze) Copel. Poaceae P.S.Green. Dennstaedtiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Osmanthus fragrans Lour. Orthiopteris inaequalis (Kunze) Copel. Oryzopsis coerulescens (Desf.) Hack. Oleaceae Dennstaedtiaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed = Saccoloma inaequale (Kunze) Mett. ◆ Weed - 1 Osmanthus heterophyllus (G.Don) Orthocarpus lithospermoides Benth. O Oryzopsis holciformis (M.Bieb.) Hack. P.S.Green Scrophulariaceae Poaceae Oleaceae = Castilleja rubicundula (Jepson) = holciforme (M.Bieb.) ◆ Weed Chuang & Heckard ssp. Roem. & Schult. lithospermoides (Benth.) Chuang Osmanthus matsumuranus Hayata & Heckard Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Oleaceae Ricker ex Piper Orthocarpus pusillus Benth. Osmaronia cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray) Poaceae Scrophulariaceae Greene = Achnatherum hymenoides (Roem. = Triphysaria pusilla (Benth.) Chuang Rosaceae & Schult.) Barkworth & Heckard = Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. ◆ Weed & A.Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Orthophytum foliosum L.B.Smith Oryzopsis lessoniana (Steud.) Veldkamp J.W.Landon Bromeliaceae Poaceae Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. Orthophytum gurkenii Hutchison Oryzopsis miliacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. f. & A.Gray) Torr. Bromeliaceae ex Asch. & Schweinf. Apiaceae Orthophytum gurkenii Hutchison X Poaceae borneense Seem. Orthophytum lemei E.Pereira & Penna = (L.) Coss. Araliaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Osmoxylon eminens (Bull) W.R.Philipson Orthophytum magalhaesii L.B.Smith Osbeckia crinita Benth. Araliaceae Bromeliaceae Melastomataceae Osmoxylon lineare (Merr.) W.R.Philipson Orthophytum maracasense L.B.Smith Osbeckia kewensis C.E.C.Fischer Araliaceae Bromeliaceae Melastomataceae Osmunda banksiifolia (C.Presl) Kuhn Orthophytum rubrum L.B.Smith Osbeckia rubicunda Arn. Osmundaceae Bromeliaceae Melastomataceae Osmunda cinnamomea L. Orthophytum saxicola (Ule) L.B.Smith Osmundaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 343 Osmunda claytoniana L. Ostrya japonica Sarg. Oxalis brasiliensis Lodd. Osmundaceae Betulaceae Oxalidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 2A Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K.Koch Osmunda japonica Thunb. Betulaceae Oxalis caprina Thunb. Osmundaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Oxalidaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Osyris quadripartita Salzm. ex Decne. Osmunda regalis L. Santalaceae Oxalis carnosa Molina Osmundaceae Oxalidaceae Otacanthus caeruleus Lindl. ◆ Weed - 1 Scrophulariaceae Oxalis cernua Thunb. Osmunda vachellii Hook. Oxalidaceae Otatea acuminata (Munro) Osmundaceae = Oxalis pes-caprae L. C.E.Calderon & Soderstr. ◆ Weed Osteomeles anthyllidifolia Lindl. Poaceae Rosaceae Oxalis compressa L. f. Othonna arborescens L. Oxalidaceae Osteomeles schwerinae C.K.Schneid. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A Rosaceae Othonna cacalioides L. f. = Osteomeles schweriniae L. Asteraceae C.K.Schneid. Oxalidaceae Othonna capensis L.H.Bailey ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Osteomeles schweriniae C.K.Schneid. Asteraceae Rosaceae Oxalis corymbosa DC. ◆ Weed See: Osteomeles schwerinae Oxalidaceae C.K.Schneid. Othonna herrei Pillans & Phillips = Oxalis debilis Kunth var. corymbosa Asteraceae (DC.) Lourt. Osteomeles subrotunda K.Koch ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Rosaceae Othonna pectinata L. Asteraceae Oxalis crenata Jacq. Osteospermum barberiae (Harvey) = Euryops pectinatus (L.) Cass. Oxalidaceae T.Norl. Asteraceae ovalifolia (R.Br.) Rich. Oxalis debilis Kunth Hydrocharitaceae Oxalidaceae Osteospermum calendulaceum L. f. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 See: Oxalis corymbosa DC. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 3A Ourisia caespitosa Hook. f. Scrophulariaceae Oxalis deppei Lodd. ex Sweet Osteospermum clandestinum (Less.) Oxalidaceae Norl. Ourisia glandulosa Hook. f. ◆ Weed Asteraceae Scrophulariaceae = Monoculus monstrosus (Burm. f.) Oxalis depressa Eckl. & Zeyh. Ourisia macrophylla Hook. O B.Nord. Oxalidaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Owenia cerasifera F.Müell. Osteospermum ecklonis (DC.) Norl. Oxalis eckloniana Presl Meliaceae Asteraceae Oxalidaceae See: Dimorphotheca ecklonis DC. Oxalis adenophylla Gillies ex Hook. Oxalis enneaphylla Cav. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 & Arn. Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae Osteospermum fruticosum (L.) Norl. Oxalis exilis A.Cunn. Asteraceae Oxalis articulata Savigny Oxalidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Oxalidaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5 Osteospermum jucundum (E.Phillips) Oxalis fabaefolia Jacq. Norl. Oxalis bifurca G.Lodd. Oxalidaceae Asteraceae Oxalidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 2A Oxalis flava L. Oxalidaceae Osteospermum muricatum E.Mey. Oxalis boweii Lindl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ex DC. Oxalidaceae Asteraceae Oxalis furcillata Salter Oxalis bowieana G.Lodd. nom. inval. ◆ Weed - N Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae Osteospermum pachypteris DC. = Oxalis bowiei Aiton ex G.Don Oxalis glabra Thunb. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1A Oxalidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Osteospermum sinuatum (DC.) Norl. Oxalis bowiei Aiton ex G.Don Asteraceae Oxalidaceae Oxalis gracilis Eckl. & Zeyh. See: Oxalis bowieana G.Lodd., Oxalidaceae Osteospermum spinescens Thunb. nom. inval. ◆ Weed Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Oxalis hedysaroides Kunth Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. Oxalidaceae Betulaceae

344 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Oxalis herrerae R.Knuth Oxalis regnellii Miq. Oxypetalum caeruleum (D.Don Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae ex Sweet) Decne. Asclepiadaceae Oxalis hirta L. Oxalis rosea Feuillée ex Jacq. = (D.Don Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae ex Sweet) Decne. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Oxalis imbricata Eckl. & Zeyh. Oxalis rubra St.-Hil. Oxypetalum coeruleum (D.Don Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae ex Sweet) Decne. ◆ Weed - 1 Oxalis incarnata L. Asclepiadaceae Oxalidaceae Oxalis stipulata Rose ex R.Knuth See: Oxypetalum caeruleum ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Oxalidaceae (D.Don ex Sweet) Decne., Tweedia coerulea D.Don ex Sweet Oxalis lactea Hook. Oxalis succulenta Barnades ◆ Weed - N Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae ◆ Weed - N Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill Oxalis tetraphylla Cav. Polygonaceae Oxalis latifolia Kunth Oxalidaceae ◆ Weed Oxalidaceae = Oxalis latifolia Kunth See: Oxalis tetraphylla Cav. ◆ Weed - 2 Oxytropis borealis DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Oxalis triangularis A.St.-Hil. See: Oxytropis viscida Nutt. Oxalis lobata Sims Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae Oxytropis halleri Bunge ex W.D.J.Koch Oxalis truncatula Jacq. = Oxalis perdicaria (Molina) Bertero Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Oxalidaceae Oxalis mallobolba Cav. Oxytropis immersa (Baker) B.Fedtsch. Oxalis tuberosa Molina Oxalidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Oxalidaceae = Oxalis perdicaria (Molina) Bertero ◆ Weed Oxytropis kopetdaghensis Gontsch. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Oxalis valdiviensis Barneoud ex Gay Oxalis massoniana Salter Oxalidaceae Oxytropis lambertii Pursh Oxalidaceae ◆ Weed - 2A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Oxalis melanosticta Sond. ◆ Weed - 3 Oxalis vallicola (Rose) R.Knuth Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae Oxytropis lapponica (Wahlenberg) J.Gay Oxalis namaquana Sond. ◆ Weed - N Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Oxalidaceae Oxalis versicolor L. Oxytropis parryi A.Gray Oxalis obtusa Jacq. Oxalidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Oxalidaceae ◆ Weed Oxytropis splendens Douglas ex Hook. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Oxalis violacea L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae O Oxalis palmifrons Salter Oxalidaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 Oxalidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 Oxytropis viscida Nutt. Oxalis perdicaria (Molina) Bertero Oxalis zeekoevleyensis Knuth Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae = Oxytropis borealis DC. var. viscida See: Oxalis lobata Sims, Oxalis (Nutt.) Welsh Oxera pulchella Labill. mallobolba Cav. Lamiaceae Oziroe biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Speta ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A Liliaceae Oxyanthera papuana Schltr. Oxalis perennans Haw. Orchidaceae Ozoroa longipetiolata R.Fern. & A.Fern. Oxalidaceae Anacardiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Oxyanthus pyriformis (Hochst.) Skeels Rubiaceae Ozothamnus backhousii Hook. f. Oxalis pes-caprae L. Asteraceae Oxalidaceae Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Aiton) Persoon See: Oxalis cernua Thunb. Ericaceae Ozothamnus coralloides Hook. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 = Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 5 Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. Ozothamnus diosmifolius (Vent.) DC. Oxalidaceae Oxycoccus quadripetalus Gilib. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Ericaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 2A = Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Oxalis purpurata Jacq. Ozothamnus ledifolius (A.Cunn. ex DC.) Oxalidaceae Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC. Hook. f. ◆ Weed - 2 Ericaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 3 L. Ozothamnus lycopodioides Hook. f. Oxalidaceae Oxylobium lanceolatum (Vent.) Druce Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ozothamnus microphyllus Hook. f. = Callistachys lanceolata Vent. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 4

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 345 Ozothamnus purpurascens DC. Asteraceae Ozothamnus rodwayi Orchard Asteraceae Ozothamnus selago Hook. f. Asteraceae

O

346 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Perityle emoryi P Credit: Forest and Kim Starr Pabstia jugosa (Lindl.) Garay Pachycereus weberi (J.M.Coult.) Backeb. Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb. Orchidaceae Cactaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Pachyrhizus angulatus Rich. Pachira aquatica Aubl. Pachycladon novae-zelandiae Hook. f. ex DC. nom. illeg., Pachyrhizus Bombacaceae Brassicaceae bulbosus Kurz nom. illeg. ◆ Weed - 5 Pachycormus discolor (Benth.) Coville ◆ Weed - N - 1A Pachira insignis (Sw.) Savigny Anacardiaceae Pachyrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng. Bombacaceae Pachycymbium keithii (R.A.Dyer) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 5 L.C.Leach ◆ Weed - 2 Pachira nervosa (Uittien) Asclepiadaceae Pachysandra procumbens Michx. J.L.Fernández-Alonso Pachyphytum amethystinum Rose Buxaceae Bombacaceae Crassulaceae Pachysandra terminalis Sieb. & Zucc. Pachycereus foetidus (Miranda) Pachyphytum compactum Rose Buxaceae P.V.Heath Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Cactaceae Pachyphytum fittkaui Moran Pachystachys coccinea (Aubl.) Nees Pachycereus fulviceps (F.A.C.Weber Crassulaceae Acanthaceae ex Schumann) D.R.Hunt ◆ Weed Cactaceae Pachyphytum kimnachii Moran Crassulaceae Pachystachys lutea Nees Pachycereus gatesii (M.E.Jones) Acanthaceae D.R.Hunt Pachyphytum oviferum J.A.Purpus ◆ Weed Cactaceae Crassulaceae Pachystegia insignis (Hook. f.) Pachycereus gaumeri Britton & Rose Pachypodanthium staudtii Engl. & Diels Cheeseman Cactaceae Annonaceae Asteraceae Pachycereus hollianus (F.A.C.Weber) Pachypodium ambongense Poiss. Pachystegia minor (Cheeseman) F.Buxb. Apocynaceae B.P.J.Molloy Cactaceae Pachypodium baronii Costantin & Bois Asteraceae Pachycereus lepidanthus (Eichlam) Apocynaceae Pachystegia rufa B.P.J.Molloy Britton & Rose Pachypodium bispinosum (L. f.) A.DC. Asteraceae Cactaceae Apocynaceae Pachystroma longifolium (Nees) Pachycereus marginatus (DC.) Britton Pachypodium densiflorum Baker I.M.Johnst. & Rose Apocynaceae Euphorbiaceae Cactaceae P See: Marginatocereus marginatus Pachypodium geayi Costantin & Bois Packera cana (Hook.) W.A.Weber (DC.) Backbg., Stenocereus Apocynaceae & A.Löve marginatus (DC.) Berger & Buxb. Asteraceae Pachypodium lamerei Drake See: Senecio canus Hook. Pachycereus militaris (Audot) D.R.Hunt Apocynaceae Cactaceae Packera streptanthifolia (Greene) Pachypodium lealii Welw. W.A.Weber & A.Löve Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum Apocynaceae Asteraceae (Engelm.) Britton & Rose Pachypodium meridionale (H.Perrier) See: Senecio adamsii T.J. Howell Cactaceae Pichon Paederia foetida L. Pachycereus pringlei (S.Watson) Apocynaceae Rubiaceae Britton & Rose Pachypodium rosulatum Baker See: Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. Cactaceae Apocynaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Pachycereus ruficeps (F.A.C.Weber) Pachypodium rutenbergianum Vatke Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. Britton & Rose Apocynaceae Rubiaceae Cactaceae = Paederia foetida L. = Neobuxbaumia macrocephala Pachypodium saundersii N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 (A.A.Weber ex K.Schum.) Apocynaceae E.Y.Dawson Paeonia anomala L. Pachyrhizus angulatus Rich. ex DC. Paeoniaceae Pachycereus schottii (Engelm.) nom. illeg. D.R.Hunt Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Paeonia bakeri Lynch Cactaceae = Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb. Paeoniaceae See: Lophocereus schottii (Engelm.) Pachyrhizus bulbosus Kurz nom. illeg. Paeonia broteri Boiss. & Reut. Britton & Rose Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Paeoniaceae = Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 347 Paeonia californica Nutt. Paesia scaberula (A.Rich.) Kuhn fascicularis Lam. Paeoniaceae Dennstaedtiaceae Pandanaceae Paeonia cambessedesii Willk. Palafoxia rosea (Bush) Cory Pandanus forceps Martelli Paeoniaceae Asteraceae Pandanaceae ◆ Weed - N Paeonia cambessedesii Willk. Pandanus graminifolius Kurz X Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill. Palaquium galactoxylum (F.Müell.) Pandanaceae Paeoniaceae H.J.Lam Pandanus laevis Lour. Sapotaceae Paeonia clusii Stearn Pandanaceae Paeoniaceae Palaquium warburgianum Schltr. Pandanus montanus Bory. & K.Krause Paeonia coriacea Boiss. Pandanaceae Sapotaceae Paeoniaceae Pandanus odoratissimus L. f. nom. illeg. Paliavana prasinata (Ker Gawl.) Benth. Paeonia daurica G.W.Anderson Pandanaceae Gesneriaceae Paeoniaceae = Pandanus fascicularis Lam. Palisota albertii L.Gentil Paeonia delavayi Franch. Pandanus odoratus Salisb. Commelinaceae Paeoniaceae Pandanaceae Palisota barteri Hook. Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle Pandanus odorus Ridl. Commelinaceae Paeoniaceae Pandanaceae Palisota elizabethae L.Gentil Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Pandanus pygmaeus Thouars Commelinaceae Paeoniaceae Pandanaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Palisota schweinfurthii C.B.Cl. Pandanus rabaiensis Rendle. Commelinaceae Paeonia X lemoinei Rehder Pandanaceae Paeoniaceae Paliurus spina-christi Mill. See: Pandanus stuhlmannii Warb. Rhamnaceae Pandanus stuhlmannii Warb. Paeonia lutea Delavay ex Franch. ◆ Weed Pandanaceae Paeoniaceae = Pandanus rabaiensis Rendle. ◆ Weed Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. Asteraceae Parkinson Paeonia macrophylla (Albov) Lomakin See: Asteriscus spinosus Sch.Bip. Pandanaceae Paeoniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed - Nn Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill. Pamianthe peruviana Anonymous Pandanus utilis Bory Paeoniaceae Liliaceae Pandanaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed C.A.Mey. Paeonia mlokosewitschii Lomak. Araliaceae Pandanus vandermeeschii Balf. f. Paeoniaceae Pandanaceae Wall. Paeonia mollis Anders. Araliaceae Pandanus veitchii Mast. & T.Moore P Paeoniaceae Pandanaceae Panax quinquefolius L. Paeonia officinalis L. ◆ Weed Araliaceae Paeoniaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Pandorea austro-caledonica Seem. ◆ Weed - 2 Bignoniaceae Pancheria hirsuta Vieill. ex Pamp. Paeonia peregrina Mill. Cunoniaceae Pandorea doratoxylon (J.M.Black) Paeoniaceae J.M.Black Pancratium canariense Ker Gawl. Paeonia potaninii Komar. Bignoniaceae Liliaceae Paeoniaceae Pandorea oxleyi (DC.) Domin Pancratium foetidum Pomel Paeonia russoi Biv.(b.) Bignoniaceae Liliaceae Paeoniaceae Pandorea pandorana (Andrews) Steenis Pancratium illyricum L. Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews Bignoniaceae Liliaceae ◆ Paeoniaceae Weed - Nn - 1 ◆ Weed Pancratium maritimum L. Pangium edule Reinw. Liliaceae Paeonia tenuifolia L. Flacourtiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - 3 Paeoniaceae Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. Panicum antidotale Retz. Paeonia veitchii Lynch Pandanaceae Poaceae Paeoniaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A - 4 - 5 Paeonia wittmanniana Hartwiss ex Lindl. Pandanus baptistii Misonne Panicum arechavaletae Hicken Paeoniaceae Pandanaceae Poaceae Paesia rugosula (Lab.) Kuhn ◆ Weed - 2 Panicum bisulcatum Thunb. Dennstaedtiaceae Pandanus dubius Spreng. Poaceae Pandanaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3

348 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Panicum bulbosum Kunth Panicum racemosum (P.Beauv.) Spreng. glaucum Boiss. & Hausskn. Poaceae Poaceae Papaveraceae ◆ Weed - N - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A ◆ Weed - 2 Panicum buncei F.Müell. ex Benth. Panicum repens L. Papaver hybridum L. Poaceae Poaceae Papaveraceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Panicum capillare L. Panicum schinzii Hack. Papaver laciniatum hort. Poaceae Poaceae Papaveraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 = L. Panicum coloratum L. Panicum spectabile Nees Papaver lateritium K.Koch Poaceae Poaceae Papaveraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 = Echinochloa polystachya (Kunth) Papaver miyabeanum Tatew. ex Miyabe Hitchc. var. spectabilis (Kunth) Hitchc. Panicum frumentaceum Roxb., & Tatew. ◆ Weed nom. illeg. Papaveraceae Poaceae Panicum turgidum Forssk. Papaver nudicaule L. = Echinochloa frumentacea Link Poaceae Papaveraceae ◆ Weed Panicum germanicum Mill. ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae Panicum virgatum L. Papaver orientale L. Poaceae Panicum gilvum Launert Papaveraceae ◆ Weed - 3 Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Panopsis cinnamomea Pittier Papaver orientale L. X Papaver Proteaceae Panicum hillmanii Chase lateritium K.Koch Poaceae Panopsis suaveolens (Klotzsch Papaveraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A & H.Karst.) Pittier Papaver paeoniflorum Correa Proteaceae Panicum italicum L. Papaveraceae Poaceae Papaver aculeatum Thunb. = Papaver somniferum L. = Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv. Papaveraceae Papaver paucifoliatum (Trautv.) Fedde ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Panicum laxum Sw. Papaveraceae Poaceae Papaver alpinum L. Papaver pavoninum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ◆ Weed - 3 Papaveraceae Papaveraceae Panicum makarikariense (Gooss.) Rensb. Papaver anomalum Fedde ◆ Weed - 3 Poaceae Papaveraceae Papaver persicum Lindl. Panicum maximum Jacq. Papaver argemone L. Papaveraceae Poaceae Papaveraceae Papaver pilosum Sm. = Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Papaveraceae B.K.Simon & S.W.L.Jacobs P Papaver atlanticum (Ball) Cosson ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A Papaveraceae Papaver rhoeas L. Panicum miliaceum L. ◆ Weed - 2 Papaveraceae Poaceae Papaver bracteatum Lindl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Papaveraceae Papaver rupifragum Boiss. & Reut. Panicum minus Stapf ◆ Weed Papaveraceae Poaceae Papaver californicum A.Gray Papaver sendtneri A.Kern. ex Hayek Panicum novemnerve Stapf Papaveraceae Papaveraceae Poaceae Papaver carmeli Feinbr. ◆ Weed - N Papaver somniferum L. Papaveraceae Papaveraceae Panicum obseptum Trin. Papaver caucasicum M.Bieb. See: Papaver laciniatum hort., Poaceae Papaveraceae Papaver paeoniflorum Correa ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 Papaver commutatum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Panicum obtusum Kunth Papaveraceae Papaver spicatum Boiss. & Balansa Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Papaveraceae ◆ Weed - 1 Papaver dubium L. Papaver tianschanicum Popov ex Pavlov Panicum oligostachyum Salzm. Papaveraceae Papaveraceae ex Steud. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Poaceae Papaver triniifolium Boiss. ◆ Weed - N Papaver floribundum Desf. Papaveraceae Papaveraceae Panicum paludosum Roxb. Papaya carica Gaertn. Poaceae Papaver fugax Poir. Caricaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 Papaveraceae = Carica papaya L.

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 349 Paphia vitiensis Seem. Paphiopedilum emersonii Koop. Paphiopedilum liemianum (Fowlie) Ericaceae & P.J.Cribb Karas. & K.Saito Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum acmodontum Schoser ex M.W.Wood Paphiopedilum esquirolei Schltr. Paphiopedilum linii Schoser Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum adductum Asher Paphiopedilum eucharis (Desb.) Pfitz. Paphiopedilum lowii (Lindl.) Stein Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum ang-thong J.Fowlie Paphiopedilum exul (Ridl.) Rolfe Paphiopedilum malipoense S.C.Chen Orchidaceae Orchidaceae & Z.H.Tsi Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum appletonianum Paphiopedilum fairrieanum (Lindl.) Stein (Gower) Rolfe Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum mastersianum Orchidaceae (Rchb. f.) Stein Paphiopedilum fowliei Birk Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum argus (Rchb. f.) Stein Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum micranthum Ts.Tang Paphiopedilum glanduliferum (Blume) & F.T.Wang Paphiopedilum armeniacum S.C.Chen Stein Orchidaceae & F.Y.Liu Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum moquetteanum Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum J.J.Sm. (J.J.Sm.) Fowlie Paphiopedilum barbatum (Lindl.) Pfitzer Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum godefroyae Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb. f.) Stein Paphiopedilum barbigerum Ts.Tang (God.-Leb.) Stein Orchidaceae & F.T.Wang Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum parishii (Rchb. f.) Stein Paphiopedilum gratrixianum (Mast.) Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum bellatulum (Rchb. f.) Guillaumin Stein Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum philippinense (Rchb. f.) Orchidaceae Stein Paphiopedilum hainanense Fowlie Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum bullenianum (Rchb. f.) Orchidaceae Pfitzer Paphiopedilum praestans (Reichb. f.) Paphiopedilum haynaldianum Orchidaceae Pfitz. (Rchb. f.) Stein Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb. f.) Stein Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum primulinum Paphiopedilum hennisianum M.W.Wood & P.Taylor Paphiopedilum caudatum (Lindl.) Pfitzer (M.W.Wood) Fowlie Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum purpuratum (Lindl.) Paphiopedilum chamberlainianum Paphiopedilum henryanum Braem Stein (O’Brien) Stein Orchidaceae Orchidaceae P Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Lindl. Paphiopedilum randsii Fowlie Paphiopedilum charlesworthii (Rolfe) ex Hook.) Stein Orchidaceae Pfitzer Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum roebbelenii Pfitz Paphiopedilum hookerae (Rchb. f.) Stein Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum ciliolare (Rchb. f.) Stein Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum rothschildianum Paphiopedilum insigne (Wall. ex Lindl.) (Rchb. f.) Stein Paphiopedilum concolor (Lindl.) Pfitzer Pfitzer Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum sanderiana Paphiopedilum curtisii (Rchb. f.) Stein Paphiopedilum javanicum (Reinw. (H.G.Reichb.) Pfitzer Orchidaceae ex Lindl.) Pfitzer Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum dayanum (Lindl.) Stein Paphiopedilum spicerianum (Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum kolopakingii Fowlie ex Mast. & T.Moore) Pfitzer Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum delenatii Guillaumin Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum laevigatum (Bateman) Paphiopedilum stonei (Hook.) Stein Pfitzer Paphiopedilum dianthum T.Tang Orchidaceae Orchidaceae & F.T.Wang Paphiopedilum sublaeve (Rchb. f.) Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum Fowlie (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer Paphiopedilum druryi (Bedd.) Stein Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum sukhakulii Schoser Paphiopedilum leucochilum (Rolfe) Paphiopedilum elliotianum (O’Brien) & Senghas Fowlie Pfitzer Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae

350 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Paphiopedilum superbiens (Rchb. f.) Paragramma longifolia (Blume) Moore Paratrophis microphylla Druce Stein Adiantaceae Moraceae Orchidaceae Parahebe X bidwillii (Hook.) W.R.B.Oliv. X Pardancanda norrisii Lenz. Paphiopedilum thailandense Fowlie Scrophulariaceae Iridaceae Orchidaceae = Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. Parahebe catarractae (G.Forst.) X Pardanthopsis dichotoma (Pall.) Paphiopedilum tonsum (Rchb. f.) Stein W.R.B.Oliv. L.W.Lenz Orchidaceae Scrophulariaceae Pardanthopsis dichotoma (Pall.) Paphiopedilum urbanianum Fowlie Parahebe hookeriana (Walp.) L.W.Lenz Orchidaceae W.R.B.Oliv. Iridaceae Paphiopedilum venustum (Wall. ex Sims) Scrophulariaceae Parentucellia latifolia (L.) Caruel Pfitzer ex Stein Parahebe lyallii (Hook. f.) W.R.B.Oliv. Scrophulariaceae Orchidaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Paphiopedilum -mariae (Sander Parajubaea cocoides Burret Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel ex Mast.) Rolfe Arecaceae Orchidaceae Scrophulariaceae Parajubaea sunkha M.Moraes ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 Paphiopedilum victoria-regina (Sander) Arecaceae M.W.Wood Forst. f. Orchidaceae Parajubaea torallyi (Mart.) Burret Urticaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Stein Orchidaceae Parakeelya balonensis (Lindl.) Hershk. Parietaria diffusa Mert. & W.D.J.Koch Portulacaceae Urticaceae Paphiopedilum virens (Rchb. f.) Pfitz = L. Paralinospadix hollrungii (Becc.) Burret Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Arecaceae Paphiopedilum wardii Summerh. Parietaria judaica L. Orchidaceae Paramongaia weberbaueri Velarde Urticaceae Liliaceae Paphiopedilum wentworthianum See: Parietaria diffusa Mert. Schoser & Fowlie Paranomus reflexus (E.Phillips & W.D.J.Koch Orchidaceae & Hutch.) Fourc. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Proteaceae Paphiopedilum wolterianum (Kraenzl.) Parietaria lusitanica L. Pfitzer Paraphalaenopsis labukensis P.S.Shim, Urticaceae Orchidaceae A.L.Lamb & C.L.Chan ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Papilionanthe teres (Roxb.) Schltr. Parietaria officinalis L. Orchidaceae incurva (L.) C.E.Hubb. Urticaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 4A - 5 Papillaria flavolimbata (Müll.Hal. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 & Hampe) Jaeg. Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth. Meteoriaceae Parapholis strigosa (Dumort.) C.E.Hubb. Chrysobalanaceae P Poaceae Pappea capensis Eckl. & Zeyh. Paris forrestii (Takht.) H.Li ◆ Weed - N - 1A Sapindaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan Paris polyphylla Sm. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Pappophorum pappiferum (Lam.) Liliaceae Kuntze Parapteroceras odoratissimum Paris quadrifolia L. Poaceae (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Wood Liliaceae ◆ Weed Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Pappophorum subbulbosum Arechav. See: Saccolabium odoratissimum Poaceae J.J.Sm. Paris rugosa H.Li & Kurita Liliaceae Papuacedrus arfakensis (Gibbs) H.W.Li Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) I.C.Nielsen Cupressaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Parkia biglandulosa Wight & Arn. = Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Papuacedrus papuana (F.Müell.) H.L.Li Barneby & J.W.Grimes Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex G.Don Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Parabenzoin trilobum (Sieb. & Zucc.) (Willd.) ◆ Weed - N Nakai I.C.Nielsen Lauraceae Parkia javanica (Lam.) Merrill Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Paradisea liliastrum (L.) Bertol. See: Albizia distachya J.F.Macbr. Liliaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Parkia speciosa Hassk. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Paradisea lusitanica (Cout.) Samp. Parathesis crenulata (Vent.) Hook. f. Liliaceae Myrsinaceae L. See: Ardisia crenulata G.Lodd. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Parageum reptans (L.) M.Král nom. inval. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Rosaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 351 Parkinsonia florida (Benth. ex A.Gray) Parodia chrysacanthion (K.Schum.) Parodia gutekunstiana Backeb. S.Watson Backeb. Cactaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Cactaceae See: Parodia heteracantha F.Ritter See: Cercidium floridum Benth. ex Wescamp, Parodia piltziorum Parodia claviceps (F.Ritter) F.H.Brandt ex A.Gray Weskamp, Parodia rigida Backeb. Cactaceae Parmentiera aculeata (Kunth) Seem. See: Notocactus claviceps (Ritt.) Parodia haselbergii (F.Haage) F.H.Brandt Bignoniaceae Krainz Cactaceae See: Parmentiera edulis DC. Parodia comarapana Cárdenas Parodia herteri (Werderm.) N.P.Taylor ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Cactaceae Cactaceae Parmentiera alata (Kunth) Miers See: Parodia mairanana Cárdenas, See: Notocactus herteri (Werderm.) Bignoniaceae Parodia neglecta F.H.Brandt Buining & Kreuz. Parmentiera cereifera Seem. Parodia comosa F.Ritter Parodia heteracantha F.Ritter Bignoniaceae Cactaceae ex Wescamp ◆ Weed - 2 = Parodia miguillensis Cárd. Cactaceae = Parodia gutekunstiana Backeb. Parmentiera edulis DC. Parodia compressa F.Ritter Bignoniaceae Cactaceae Parodia horstii (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor = Parmentiera aculeata (Kunth) Seem. Cactaceae Parodia concinna (Monville) N.P.Taylor ◆ Weed - 1A Cactaceae Parodia laui F.H.Brandt. Parmentiera millspaughiana See: Notocactus apricus (Arech.) Cactaceae L.O.Williams Berger, Notocactus concinnus Parodia leninghausii (Schumann) Brandt Bignoniaceae Berger, Notocactus muricatus (Otto Cactaceae ex Pfeiff.) A.Berger, Notocactus Parnassia palustris L. See: Eriocactus leninghausii (Haage tabularis (Cels ex K.Schum.) Backeb., Saxifragaceae jr.) Backbg. ex Schaff., Notocactus Notocactus vanvlietii Rausch ◆ Weed leninghausii (Schumann) A.Berger Parodia crassigibba (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor Parochetus communis Buch.-Ham. Parodia maassii (Heese) A.Berger Cactaceae ex D.Don Cactaceae See: Notocactus crassigibbus F.Ritter, Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Notocactus uebelmannianus Buining Parodia magnifica (F.Ritter) F.H.Brandt ◆ Weed Cactaceae Parodia elachisantha (Rol.-Goss.) Parodia alacriportana Backeb. & Voll See: Eriocactus magnificus F.Ritter, F.H.Brandt Cactaceae Notocactus magnificus (F.Ritter) Cactaceae See: Parodia buenekeri Buining Krainz ex N.P.Taylor Parodia erinacea (Haworth) N.P.Taylor Parodia allosiphon (Marchesi) N.P.Taylor Parodia mairanana Cárdenas Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Malacocarpus erinaceus (Haw.) = Parodia comarapana Cárdenas Parodia aureicentra Backeb. Lem. ex C.F.Först., Malacocarpus Cactaceae tetracanthus (Lemaire) R. Meyer, Parodia malyana Rausch P = Parodia setifera Backeb. Wigginsia arechavaletae (K.Schum. Cactaceae ex Speg.) D.M.Porter, Wigginsia = Parodia microsperma Parodia aureispina Backeb. corynodes (Pfeiff.) D.M.Porter, (F.A.C.Weber) Speg. Cactaceae Wigginsia erinacea (Haw.) D.M.Porter, = Parodia microsperma Parodia mammulosa (Lem.) N.P.Taylor Wigginsia sessiliflora (Hook.) (F.A.C.Weber) Speg. Cactaceae D.M.Porter, Wigginsia tephracantha See: Notocactus floricomus Parodia betaniana F.Ritter (Link & Otto) D.M.Porter (Arechav.) A.Berger, Notocactus Cactaceae Parodia escayachensis (Vaupel) Backeb. mammulosus Berger, Notocactus = Parodia microsperma Cactaceae roseoluteus van Vliet, Notocactus (F.A.C.Weber) Speg. submammulosus (Lem.) Backbg., Parodia formosa Ritt. Parodia brevihamata W.Haage Parodia submamulosa (Lem.) Cactaceae ex Backeb. R.Kiesling Cactaceae Parodia gibbulosa F.Ritter Parodia microsperma (F.A.C.Weber) Cactaceae Parodia buenekeri Buining Speg. Cactaceae Parodia graessneri (K.Schum.) Cactaceae = Parodia alacriportana Backeb. F.H.Brandt See: Parodia aureispina Backeb., & Voll Cactaceae Parodia betaniana F.Ritter, Parodia See: Notocactus graessneri (Schum.) malyana Rausch, Parodia mutabilis Parodia buiningii (Buxb.) N.P.Taylor A.Berger Backeb., Parodia uebelmanniana Cactaceae F.Ritter See: Notocactus buiningii F.Buxb. Parodia grossei (Schum.) F.H.Brandt Cactaceae Parodia miguillensis Cárd. Parodia caespitosa (Spegazzini) = Parodia schumanniana (Nicolai) Cactaceae N.P.Taylor F.H.Brandt See: Parodia comosa F.Ritter Cactaceae Parodia minuta F.Ritter Cactaceae

352 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Parodia mueller-melchersii (Backeb.) Parodia schumanniana (Nicolai) Paronychia argentea Lam. N.P.Taylor F.H.Brandt Caryophyllaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 See: Notocactus schumannianus Parodia mutabilis Backeb. Paronychia brasiliana DC. (Nicolai) A.Berger, Parodia grossei Cactaceae Caryophyllaceae (Schum.) F.H.Brandt = Parodia microsperma ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A (F.A.C.Weber) Speg. Parodia schwebsiana Bkbg. Paronychia franciscana Eastw. Cactaceae Parodia neglecta F.H.Brandt Caryophyllaceae Cactaceae Parodia scopa (Spreng.) N.P.Taylor ◆ Weed - N - 1A = Parodia comarapana Cárdenas Cactaceae Parrotia persica (DC.) C.A.Mey. See: Notocactus scopa (Spreng.) Parodia neohorstii (S.Theun.) N.P.Taylor Hamamelidaceae Berger Cactaceae Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana Parodia setifera Backeb. Parodia nigrispina (K.Schum.) F.H.Brandt (Decne.) Rehder Cactaceae Cactaceae Hamamelidaceae See: Parodia aureicentra Backeb., Parodia nivosa (Fric) Backeb. Parodia rauschii Backeb. ex capsularis (Forst. f.) R.Br. Cactaceae D.R.Hunt, Parodia uhligiana Backeb. Apocynaceae Parodia ottonis (Lehm.) N.P.Taylor Parodia setosa Backeb. Parsonsia heterophylla A.Cunn. Cactaceae Cactaceae Apocynaceae See: Notocactus arechavaletai = Parodia stuemeri (Werderm.) Parthenium argentatum A.Gray (K.Schum.ex Speg.) Krainz, Backeb. Asteraceae Notocactus laetivirens Ritt., Parodia stuemeri (Werderm.) Backeb. ◆ Weed Notocactus ottonis Berger, Cactaceae Notocactus securituberculatus L. See: Parodia pseudostuemeri F.Ritter Asteraceae Backeb., Parodia rubricentra ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5A Parodia penicillata Fechser & van Backeb. in Backeb. & F.M.Knuth, der Steeg Parodia setosa Backeb. Parthenium integrifolium L. Cactaceae Asteraceae Parodia submammulosa (Lem.) Parodia piltziorum Weskamp R.Kiesling Parthenium tomentosum DC. Cactaceae Cactaceae Asteraceae = Parodia gutekunstiana Backeb. Parodia submamulosa (Lem.) R.Kiesling Parthenocissus henryana (Hemsl.) Parodia procera F.Ritter Cactaceae Diels & Gilg Cactaceae = Parodia mammulosa (Lem.) Vitaceae N.P.Taylor ◆ Weed Parodia prolifera (F.Ritter) W.Weskamp Cactaceae Parodia subterranea F.Ritter Parthenocissus himalayana Cactaceae (Royle) Planch. Parodia pseudostuemeri Backeb. Vitaceae Cactaceae Parodia subtilihamata F.Ritter P = Parodia stuemeri (Werderm.) Cactaceae Parthenocissus inserta auct. Backeb. Vitaceae Parodia succinea (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor = Parthenocissus quinquefolia Parodia rauschii Backeb. ex D.R.Hunt Cactaceae (L.) Planch. Cactaceae Parodia tuberculata Cárd. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 = Parodia setifera Backeb. Cactaceae Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Parodia rechensis (Buining) F.H.Brandt Parodia uebelmanniana F.Ritter Vitaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Ampelopsis quinquefolia (L.) Parodia rigida Backeb. = Parodia microsperma Michx., Cissus quinquefolia (L.) Cactaceae (F.A.C.Weber) Speg. Desf, Parthenocissus inserta auct. = Parodia gutekunstiana Backeb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Parodia uhligiana Backeb. Parodia rubricentra Backeb. in Backeb. Cactaceae Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Sieb. & F.M.Knuth = Parodia setifera Backeb. & Zucc.) Planch. Cactaceae Vitaceae Parodia warasii (F.Ritter) F.H.Brandt = Parodia stuemeri (Werderm.) See: Parthenocissus veitchii Gräbner Cactaceae Backeb. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 5 See: Eriocactus warasii F.Ritter, Parodia rutilans (Däniker & Krainz) Notocactus warasii (Ritt.) T.Hewitt Parthenocissus veitchii Gräbner N.P.Taylor & Donald Vitaceae Cactaceae = Parthenocissus tricuspidata Parodia werdermanniana (Herter ) See: Notocactus rutilans Daen. (Sieb. & Zucc.) Planch. ‘Veitchii’ N.P.Taylor & Krainz Cactaceae Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc. Parodia saint-pieana Backeb. Vitaceae Parolinia ornata Webb. Cactaceae ◆ Weed Brassicaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 353 Pasania harlandii (Hance) Oerst. Paspalum guenoarum Arechav. Paspalum urvillei Steud. Fagaceae Poaceae Poaceae See: Paspalum larranagai Arech. Pasania kawakamii (Hayata) Schottky Paspalum humboldtianum Flüggé ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Fagaceae Poaceae Paspalum vaginatum Swartz Pasania konishii (Hayata) Schottky Paspalum laeve Michx. Poaceae Fagaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - 3 Pasania nantoensis (Hayata) Schottky Paspalum virgatum L. Fagaceae Paspalum larranagai Arech. Poaceae Poaceae Pascalia glauca Ortega ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Asteraceae = Paspalum urvillei Steud. Paspalum wettsteinii Hack. See: Wedelia glauca (Ortega) Paspalum malacophyllum Trin. Poaceae O.Hoffm. ex Hicken Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 5A ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed actinia Hook. Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A.Love Paspalum mandiocanum Trin. Passifloraceae Poaceae Poaceae See: Agropyron smithii Rydb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A Passiflora alata Curtis ◆ Weed - 3 Passifloraceae Paspalum maritimum Trin. ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Pasithea caerulea (Ruiz & Pav.) D.Don Poaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Passiflora X alatocaerulea hort. Passifloraceae Paspalidium desertorum (A.Rich.) Stapf Paspalum nicorae Parodi Poaceae = Passiflora alata Curtis X Passiflora Poaceae caerulea L. Paspalum atratum Swallen ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Poaceae Passiflora alba Link & Otto Paspalum notatum Flüggé ◆ Weed Passifloraceae Poaceae ◆ Weed Paspalum boscianum Flüggé ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Poaceae Passiflora allantophylla Mast. Paspalum paniculatum L. ◆ Weed Passifloraceae Poaceae Paspalum commune Lillo ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Passiflora X allardii Chitt. Poaceae Passifloraceae Paspalum pauciciliatum (Parodi) Herter Paspalum conjugatum P.J.Bergius Poaceae Passiflora ampullacea (Mast.) Harms Poaceae Passifloraceae Paspalum plicatulum Michx. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed Poaceae Paspalum conspersum Schrad. ex Schult. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Passiflora antioquiensis H.Karst. Poaceae Passifloraceae ◆ Weed - 3 Paspalum quadrifarium Lam. ◆ Weed P Poaceae Paspalum convexum Humb. & Bonpl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Passiflora bangii Mast. ex Flüggé Passifloraceae Paspalum regnellii Mez Poaceae Passiflora banksii Benth. ◆ Weed Poaceae ◆ Weed - N Passifloraceae Paspalum dasypleurum Desv. Paspalum rojasii Hack. Passiflora bauhiniifolia Kunth Poaceae Passifloraceae ◆ Weed - N Poaceae Paspalum scrobiculatum L. Passiflora X belottii Moore & Ayres Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Passifloraceae Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3 - 4 - 5 Passiflora biflora Lam. Passifloraceae Paspalum distichum L. Paspalum secans Hitchc. & Chase ◆ Weed - 1 Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Passiflora boenderi J.M.MacDougal Weed - Nn - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Paspalum setaceum Michx. Passifloraceae Paspalum erianthum Nees ex Trin. Poaceae Poaceae See: Paspalum stramineum Nash Passiflora bryonioides Kunth ◆ Weed Passifloraceae Paspalum exaltatum J.Presl Poaceae Paspalum simplex Morong Passiflora caerulea L. ◆ Weed - N Poaceae Passifloraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Paspalum fasciculatum Willd. ex Flüggé Paspalum stramineum Nash Poaceae Poaceae Passiflora X caerulea-racemosa Sabine ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 = Paspalum setaceum Michx. var. Passifloraceae stramineum (Nash) D.J.Banks Paspalum floridanum Michx. Passiflora capsularis L. Poaceae Passifloraceae

354 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Passiflora ciliata Aiton Passiflora manicata (Juss.) Pers. Passiflora tripartita (Juss.) Poir. Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 Passiflora cinnabarina Lindl. Passifloraceae Passiflora misera Kunth Passiflora tuberosa Jacq. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Passifloraceae Passifloraceae ◆ Weed Passiflora citrina J.M.MacDougal Passiflora mixta L. f. Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Passiflora variolata Poepp. & Endl. ◆ Weed - 1 Passifloraceae Passiflora coccinea Aubl. Passifloraceae Passiflora mollissima (Kunth) L.H.Bailey Passiflora vespertilio L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Passifloraceae Passifloraceae often misapp. to Passiflora Passiflora coriacea Juss. tarminiana Coppens & Barney Passiflora X violacea Vell. Passifloraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Passifloraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Passiflora X decaisneana Nichols. Passiflora morifolia Mast. Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Passiflora viridiflora Cav. Passifloraceae Sims See: Passiflora warmingii Mast. Passifloraceae ◆ Weed - N Passiflora vitifolia Kunth See: Passiflora flavicarpa hort. Passiflora organensis Gardn. Passifloraceae ◆ ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5A Passifloraceae Weed Passiflora X exoniensis (R.T.Veitch Passiflora perfoliata L. Passiflora warmingii Mast. ex Mast.) L.H.Bailey Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae = Passiflora morifolia Mast. Passiflora platyloba Killip Passiflora filamentosa Cav. Passifloraceae Pastinaca sativa L. Passifloraceae Apiaceae ◆ Weed - N Passiflora quadrangularis L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Passifloraceae Passiflora flavicarpa hort. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Patagonium mucronatum (Hook. Passifloraceae & Arn.) Kuntze = Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Passiflora racemosa Brot. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae O.Deg. Passifloraceae = Adesmia mucronata Hook. & Arn. L. Passiflora raddiana DC. Patrinia gibbosa Maxim Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Valerianaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5A Passiflora rubra L. Patrinia scabiosifolia Fisch. ex Link Passiflora gracilis J.Jacq. ex Link Passifloraceae Valerianaceae ◆ Passifloraceae Weed - 1 Patrinia scabra Bge. ◆ Weed Passiflora sanguinolenta Mast. & Linden Valerianaceae Passiflora gracillima Killip Passifloraceae ◆ Weed ◆ P Passifloraceae Weed - N Patrinia triloba Miq. Passiflora helleri Peyr. Passiflora seemannii Griseb. Valerianaceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Paullinia cupana Kunth Passiflora incarnata L. Passiflora serratifolia L. Sapindaceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Paulownia elongata Sh.Y.Hu ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 Passiflora standleyi Killip Scrophulariaceae Passiflora jamesonii (Mast.) L.H.Bailey Passifloraceae Paulownia fargesii Franch. Passifloraceae Passiflora stipulata Aubl. Scrophulariaceae Passifloraceae Passiflora laurifolia L. See: Paulownia lilacina Sprague Passifloraceae L. Paulownia fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Passifloraceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5A Passiflora ligularis Juss. Paulownia imperialis Sieb. & Zucc. Passifloraceae Passiflora subpeltata Ortega Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Passifloraceae = Paulownia tomentosa ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5A Passiflora X loudoni Loud. (Thunb.) Steud. Passifloraceae Coppens & Barney Paulownia kawakamii Ito Passifloraceae Passiflora lutea L. Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 5 Passifloraceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed Passiflora tatei Killip & Rusby Paulownia lilacina Sprague Passifloraceae Passiflora macrocarpa Mast. Scrophulariaceae Passifloraceae Passiflora trifasciata Lem. = Paulownia fargesii Franch. Passifloraceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 355 Paulownia taiwaniana T.W.Hu Pedilanthus carinatus Spreng. Pelargonium barklyi Scott-Elliot & H.J.Chang Euphorbiaceae Geraniaceae Scrophulariaceae Pedilanthus macrocarpus Benth. Pelargonium betulinum (L.) L’Hérit. Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. Euphorbiaceae Geraniaceae Scrophulariaceae Pedilanthus smallii Millsp. Pelargonium caffrum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) See: Paulownia imperialis Sieb. & Zucc. Euphorbiaceae Harv. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5A = Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Geraniaceae Poit. ssp. smallii (Millsp.) Dressler Pausinystalia yohimbe Pierre ex Beille Pelargonium capitatum (L.) L’Hérit. Rubiaceae Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. Geraniaceae Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Pavetta caffra L. f. See: Pedilanthus smallii Millsp. Pelargonium carnosum (L.) L’Hérit. Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Geraniaceae Pavetta gardeniifolia A.Rich. Pediocactus bradyi L.D.Benson Pelargonium citriodorum Breit Rubiaceae Cactaceae Geraniaceae Pavetta indica L. Pediocactus despainii S.L.Welsh Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.Van Rubiaceae & S.Goodrich ◆ der Walt Weed - 3 Cactaceae Geraniaceae Pavetta lanceolata Eckl. Pediocactus knowltonii L.D.Benson Pelargonium citrosum Voigt ex Breit. Rubiaceae Cactaceae Geraniaceae Pavetta natalensis Sond. Pediocactus paradinei B.W.Benson Pelargonium cordifolium (Cav.) Curtis Rubiaceae Cactaceae Geraniaceae Pavetta opaca Bremek Pediocactus peeblesianus (Croizat) Rubiaceae Pelargonium coriandrifolium Jacq. L.D.Benson Geraniaceae Pavonia coccinea Cav. Cactaceae Malvaceae Pelargonium cotyledonis (L.) L’Hérit. Pediocactus sileri (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) ◆ Weed - N ex. Ait. L.D.Benson Geraniaceae Pavonia columella Cav. Cactaceae Malvaceae Pelargonium crispum (P.J.Bergius) Pediocactus simpsonii (Engelm.) L’Hérit. Pavonia X gledhillii Cheek Britton & Rose Geraniaceae Malvaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed = Pavonia multiflora A.St.-Hil. Pediocactus winkleri K.D.Heil X Pavonia makoyana E.Morr. Pelargonium crithmifolium J.E.Smith Cactaceae Geraniaceae Pavonia hastata Cav. L. Malvaceae Pelargonium cucullatum (L.) L’Hérit. Zygophyllaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Geraniaceae P ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4A - 5 Pavonia makoyana E.Morr. Pelargonium dasycaule Haw. Pelagodoxa henryana Becc. ex Bois Malvaceae Geraniaceae Arecaceae Pavonia multiflora A.St.-Hil. Pelargonium denticulatum Jacq. Pelargonium abrotanifolium (L. f.) Jacq. Malvaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Pavonia praemorsa (L. f.) Willd. Pelargonium X domesticum L.H.Bailey Pelargonium acetosum (L.) L’Hérit. Malvaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Pavonia spinifex (L.) Cav. = Pelargonium grandiflorum Malvaceae Pelargonium alchemilloides (L.) L’Hérit. (Andrews) Willd. X Pelargonium ◆ Weed - 1 Geraniaceae cucullatum (L.) L’Hér. [complex ◆ Weed - N - 1A hybrid including others] Pecteilis gigantea (Sm.) Raf. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Orchidaceae Pelargonium alternans Wendl. Geraniaceae Pelargonium echinatum Curt. Pecteilis sagarikii Seidenf. Geraniaceae Orchidaceae Pelargonium ardens Lodd. Geraniaceae Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl Pecteilis susannae (L.) Raf. Geraniaceae Orchidaceae Pelargonium X asperum Ehrh. ex Willd. Geraniaceae Pelargonium ferulaceum Willd. Peddiea africana Harv. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Geraniaceae Thymelaeaceae Pelargonium australe Jacq. Pelargonium X fragrans Willd. Pedicularis galeata Bonati Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - Nn = Pelargonium fragrans Willd. Pedicularis spicata Pall. Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed

356 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Pelargonium fragrans Willd. Pelargonium multibracteatum Hochst. Pelargonium trifidum Jacq. Geraniaceae ex A.Rich. Geraniaceae = Pelargonium exstipulatum Geraniaceae Pelargonium violareum Jacq. (Cav.) L’Hér. X Pelargonium Pelargonium myrrhifolium (L.) L’Hérit. Geraniaceae odoratissimum (L.) L’Hér. ex Ait Geraniaceae [most probable parents] Pelargonium vitifolium (L.) L’Hérit. See: Pelargonium X fragrans Willd. Pelargonium X nervosum Sweet ex Aiton ◆ Weed - N Geraniaceae Geraniaceae ◆ Weed Pelargonium fragrantissimum Link. Pelargonium odoratissimum (L.) L’Hérit. Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Pelargonium xerophyton Schltr. See: Geranium odoratum Thunb ex R.Knuth Pelargonium gibbosum (L.) L’Hérit. ◆ Weed - 2 Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Pelargonium panduriforme Eckl. & Zeyh. Pelargonium zonale (L.) L’Hérit. Pelargonium glutinosum (Jacq.) L’Hérit. Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae ◆ Weed - 2A ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Pelargonium grandiflorum Pelargonium paradoxum Dinter Pelatantheria ctenoglossum Ridl. (Andrews) Willd. Geraniaceae Orchidaceae Geraniaceae = Pelargonium klinghardtense Knuth Pelea barbigera (Gray) Hbd. Pelargonium graveolens L’Hérit. Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L’Hérit. Rutaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae = Melicope barbigera A.Gray ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Pelecyphora aselliformis Ehrenb. Pelargonium grossularioides (L.) L’Hérit. Pelargonium quercifolium (L. f.) L’Hérit. Cactaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A Pelecyphora pseudopectinata Backeb. Cactaceae Pelargonium hirtum (Burm. f.) Jacq. Pelargonium quinquelobatum Hochst. = Turbinicarpus pseudopectinatus Geraniaceae ex A.Rich. (Backeb.) Glass & R.C.Foster Geraniaceae Pelargonium hispidum (L. f.) Willd. Pelecyphora strobiliformis (Werderm.) Geraniaceae Pelargonium radens H.E.Moore Fric & Schelle Geraniaceae Pelargonium X hortorum L.H.Bailey Cactaceae Geraniaceae Pelargonium rapaceum (L.) Jacq. See: Encephalocarpus strobiliformis = Pelargonium inquinans (L.) L’Hérit. Geraniaceae (Werderm.) A.Berger X Pelargonium zonale (L.) L’Hérit. Pelargonium reniforme Curtis Pelecyphora valdeziana H.Moller ◆ Weed - N - 2 Geraniaceae Cactaceae Pelargonium ignescens Lodd. Pelargonium ribifolium Jacq. Peliosanthes teta Andrews Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed Pelargonium scabrum (Burm. f.) L’Hérit. calomelanos (Sw.) Link Pelargonium inodorum Willd. P Geraniaceae Pteridaceae Geraniaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Pelargonium X scarboroviae Sweet Pellaea cordifolia (Sessé & Moc.) nom. illeg. A.R.Sm. Pelargonium inquinans (L.) L’Hérit. Geraniaceae Pteridaceae Geraniaceae = Pelargonium ‘Countess of ◆ Weed Scarborough’ Pellaea doniana Hook. Pteridaceae Pelargonium inquinans (L.) L’Hérit. Pelargonium X splendide hort. X Pelargonium zonale (L.) L’Hérit. Geraniaceae Pellaea hastata Prantl Geraniaceae = Pelargonium tricolor Curtis X Pteridaceae See: Pelargonium X hortorum Pelargonium lobatum (Burm. f.) Pellaea intramarginalis (Kaulf. ex Link) L.H.Bailey L’Hérit. [probable parents] J.Sm. ◆ Weed Pelargonium suburbanum Clifford Pteridaceae Pelargonium klinghardtense Knuth ex D.A.Boucher Pellaea mucronata (D.C.Eaton) Geraniaceae Geraniaceae D.C.Eaton See: Pelargonium paradoxum Dinter Pelargonium ternatum (L. f.) Jacq. Pteridaceae Pelargonium lobatum (Burm. f.) L’Hérit. Geraniaceae Pellaea ovata (Desv.) Weath. Geraniaceae Pelargonium tetragonum (L. f.) L’Hérit. Pteridaceae Pelargonium luridum Sweet Geraniaceae Pellaea rotundifolia (G.Forst.) Hook. Geraniaceae Pelargonium tomentosum Jacq. Pteridaceae Pelargonium luteolum N.E.Br. Geraniaceae Pellaea viridis (Forssk.) Prantl Geraniaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Pteridaceae Pelargonium X mellissimum Sweet Pelargonium tricolor Curtis ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Geraniaceae Geraniaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 357 Pellionia daveauana N.E.Br. Peniocereus serpentinus (Lag. & Rodr.) Pennisetum massaicum Stapf Urticaceae N.P.Taylor Poaceae Cactaceae Pellionia pulchra N.E.Br. Pennisetum orientale Rich. See: Nyctocereus serpentinus (Lag. Urticaceae Poaceae & Rodr.) Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - 3 Pellionia repens (Lour.) Merr. ◆ Weed - N Urticaceae Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin. Peniocereus striatus (Brandeg.) Poaceae (L.) Schott Buxbaum ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4 - 5 Araceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 4 Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult. Peniocereus viperinus Poaceae Peltapteris peltata (Sw.) C.V.Morton (F.A.C.Weber) Buxb. See: Pennisetum polystachyon Lomariopsidaceae Cactaceae (L.) Schult. = Elaphoglossum peltatum (Sw.) Urb. See: Wilcoxia viperina (F.A.C.Weber) ◆ Britton & Rose Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Peltiphyllum peltatum (Torr. Pennisetum polystachyon (L.) Schult. ex Benth.) Engl. Peniocereus zopilotensis Poaceae Saxifragaceae (J.Meyrán) Buxb. = Darmera peltata (Torr.) Voss Cactaceae = Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult. ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 - 5 Peltoboykinia tellimoides (Maxim.) corymbosa J.R.Forst. H.Hara & G.Forst. Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Saxifragaceae Icacinaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Peltoboykinia watanabei (Yatabe) Hara Pennantia endlicheri Reissek Saxifragaceae Icacinaceae Pennisetum quartinianum A.Rich. Poaceae Peltogyne guarubu Saldanha da Gama Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Poaceae Pennisetum ruppelii Steud. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 Poaceae africanum Sond. = Pennisetum setaceum Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke (Forssk.) Chiov. ◆ Weed Poaceae ◆ Weed = Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. Peltophorum dubia (Spreng.) Taubert ◆ Weed - 3 Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. See: Pennisetum ruppelii Steud. ex Chiov. ◆ Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Poaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Pennisetum setosum (Sw.) Rich. (DC.) Poaceae Pennisetum compressum R.Br. Backer ex K.Heyne ◆ Weed - N - 3 Poaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Pennisetum subangustum (Schumach.) ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 Pennisetum dichotomum (Forssk.) Delile Stapf & C.E.Hubb. P Poaceae Peniocereus greggii (Engelm.) Britton Poaceae & Rose Pennisetum distachyum (E.Fourn.) Pennisetum thunbergii Kunth Cactaceae Rupr. ex Chase Poaceae Poaceae Peniocereus haackeanus Backeb. ◆ Weed - N Cactaceae Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb. Pennisetum villosum R.Br. ex Fresen. Poaceae Peniocereus hirschtianus (K.Schum.) Poaceae ◆ Weed - 3 D.R.Hunt ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. Cactaceae Penstemon abietinus Pennell Poaceae Peniocereus johnstonii Britton & Rose Scrophulariaceae See: Pennisetum americanum Cactaceae (L.) Leeke Penstemon albidus Nutt. Peniocereus lazaro-cardenasii ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 Scrophulariaceae (J.L.Contreras, J.Jimenez R., ◆ Weed Pennisetum hohenackeri Hochst. H.Sanchez-Mejorada & C.Toledo) ex Steud. Penstemon alpinus Torr. D.R.Hunt Poaceae Scrophulariaceae Cactaceae = Penstemon glaber Pursh var. alpinus Pennisetum hordeoides (Lam.) Steud. Peniocereus maculatus (Weing.) Cutak (Torr.) Gray Poaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed Penstemon ambiguus Torr. Peniocereus marianus (Gentry) Scrophulariaceae Pennisetum longistylum Hochst. Sanchez-Mej. ex A.Rich. Penstemon angustifolius Pursh Cactaceae Poaceae Scrophulariaceae Peniocereus oaxacensis (Britton & Rose) ◆ Weed Pennisetum macrourum Trin. D.R.Hunt Poaceae Penstemon arizonicus A.Heller Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Scrophulariaceae

358 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Penstemon azureus Benth. Penstemon glaber Pursh Penstemon pinifolius Greene Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae See: Penstemon alpinus Torr. Penstemon barbatus (Cav.) Roth Penstemon procerus Douglas Scrophulariaceae Penstemon gracilentus A.Gray ex Graham Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Penstemon barrettiae A.Gray ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae Penstemon gracilis Nutt. Scrophulariaceae Penstemon rattanii A.Gray Penstemon calycosus Small ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt. Penstemon rostriflorus Kellogg Penstemon campanulatus (Cav.) Willd. Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed Penstemon hallii Gray Penstemon rubicundus D.D.Keck Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Penstemon cardwellii T.J.Howell Scrophulariaceae Penstemon hartwegii Benth. Penstemon rydbergii A.Nelson Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Penstemon centranthifolius ◆ Weed (Benth.) Benth. Penstemon heterophyllus Lindl. Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Penstemon scouleri Lindl. Scrophulariaceae Penstemon clevelandii A.Gray Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Penstemon serrulatus Menzies ex Sm. ◆ Weed - 2 Scrophulariaceae Penstemon cobaea Nutt. Scrophulariaceae Penstemon humilis Nutt. ex A.Gray Penstemon speciosus Douglas ex Lindl. ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed Penstemon cobaea Nutt. X Penstemon Penstemon isophyllus B.L.Rob. hartwegii Benth. Scrophulariaceae Penstemon spectabilis Thurb. ex Torr. Scrophulariaceae & A.Gray Penstemon kunthii G.Don ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Penstemon crandallii A.Nelson Penstemon strictus Benth. Penstemon labrosus (A.Gray) Hook. f. Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Penstemon cyananthus Hook. Penstemon teucrioides Greene Penstemon laevigatus Aiton Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Penstemon davidsonii Greene Penstemon venustus Dougl. Penstemon laricifolius Hook. & Arn. Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae See: Penstemon menziesii Hook. ◆ Weed Penstemon leiophyllus Pennell Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims Penstemon virens Pennell ex Rydb. Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae See: Penstemon francisci-pennellii ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 P Crosswhite Penstemon whippleanus A.Gray Penstemon dissectus Elliott Scrophulariaceae Penstemon leonardii Rydb. Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Penstemon wislizeni (A.Gray) Straw Penstemon dolius M.E.Jones ex Pennell Scrophulariaceae Penstemon linarioides A.Gray Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Pentaglottis sempervirens (L.) Tausch See: Penstemon duchesnensis ex L.Bailey (N.Holmgren) Neese Penstemon lyallii A.Gray Boraginaceae Scrophulariaceae Penstemon duchesnensis See: Anchusa sempervirens L. (N.Holmgren) Neese Penstemon menziesii Hook. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F.Hansen = Penstemon dolius M.E.Jones = Penstemon davidsonii Greene & Wunderlin ex Pennell var. duchesnensis Penstemon montanus Greene Apocynaceae N.Holmgren Scrophulariaceae See: Urechites lutea (L.) Britton Penstemon eatonii A.Gray Penstemon newberryi A.Gray Pentanisia prunelloides Schinz Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Rubiaceae Penstemon francisci-pennellii Penstemon ovatus Dougl. Pentapanax henryi Harms Crosswhite Scrophulariaceae Araliaceae Scrophulariaceae = Penstemon leiophyllus Pennell Penstemon palmeri A.Gray Pentapterygium rugosum Hook. var. francisci-pennellii (Crosswh.) Scrophulariaceae Ericaceae N.Holmgren ◆ Weed Pentapterygium serpens (Wight) Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Penstemon parryi (A.Gray) A.Gray Klotzsch Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Ericaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 359 Pentas bussei K.Krause canaminana Trel. Peperomia polystachya (L.) Hook. Rubiaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Deflers Peperomia caperata Yunck. Peperomia pseudovariegata C.DC. Rubiaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Peperomia clusiifolia (Jacq.) Hook. Peperomia pulchella A.Dietr. Pentas zanzibarica (Klotzsch) Vatke Piperaceae Piperaceae Rubiaceae Peperomia columella Rauh & Hutchison Peperomia puteolata Trel. Pentaschistis airoides (Nees) Stapf Piperaceae Piperaceae Poaceae Peperomia coquimbensis Skottsb. Peperomia rotundifolia Schltdl. & Cham. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Piperaceae Piperaceae Pentaschistis angustifolia (Nees) Stapf Poaceae Peperomia cordifolia Opiz Peperomia rubella Hook. Piperaceae Piperaceae Pentaschistis pallida (Thunb.) H.P.Linder Poaceae Peperomia cuspidilimba C.DC. Peperomia sandersii C.DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Piperaceae Piperaceae Pentaschistis silvatica Adamson Peperomia dahlstedtii DC. Peperomia scandens Ruiz & Pav. Poaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Pentaschistis thunbergii Stapf Peperomia dolabriformis Kunth Peperomia septentrionalis S.Brown Poaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Peperomia elongata Kunth Peperomia serpens (Sw.) Loud. Pentaspadon motleyi Hook. f. Piperaceae Piperaceae Anacardiaceae Peperomia forsythii C.DC. Peperomia tetragona Ruiz & Pav. Pentzia globifera (Thunb.) Hutch. Piperaceae Piperaceae Asteraceae Peperomia fraseri C.DC. Peperomia tricolor Trel. = Oncosiphon piluliferum (L. f.) Piperaceae Piperaceae Källersjö ◆ Weed Peperomia glabella (Sw.) A.Dietr. Peperomia trinervis Ruiz & Pav. Piperaceae Piperaceae (Thunb.) Kuntze Asteraceae Peperomia griseoargentea Yunck. Peperomia urocarpa Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ◆ Weed - N - 3 Piperaceae Piperaceae Pentzia spinescens Less. Peperomia hesperomannii Wawra Peperomia verschaffeltii Lem. Asteraceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Pentzia suffruticosa (L.) Hutch. Peperomia hirsuta Miq. Peperomia verticillata (L.) A.Dietr. ex Merxm. Piperaceae Piperaceae P Asteraceae Peperomia hombroni C.DC. Mill. = Oncosiphon suffruticosum (L.) Piperaceae Cactaceae Kallersjo ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 - 4A Peperomia incana A.Dietr. Piperaceae Pereskia bahiensis Gürke Peperomia alata Ruiz & Pavon Cactaceae McPherson Peperomia liebmannii C.DC. Piperaceae Piperaceae Pereskia bleo (Kunth) DC. Cactaceae Peperomia angulata Kunth Peperomia maculosa (L.) W.Hook. ◆ Weed Piperaceae Piperaceae Pereskia grandifolia Haw. Peperomia argyreia (Miq.) E.Morr. Peperomia magnoliifolia (Jacq.) A.Dietr. Cactaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 Peperomia asperula Hutchison & Rauh Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A.Dietr. Pereskia guamacho F.A.C.Weber Piperaceae Piperaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed Peperomia blanda (Jacq.) Kunth Pereskia humboldtii Britton & Rose Piperaceae Peperomia orba G.S.Bunting Cactaceae Piperaceae Peperomia butaguensis De Wild. Pereskia lychnidiflora DC. Piperaceae Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth Cactaceae Piperaceae Peperomia calvifolia C.DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Pereskia nemorosa Rojas Acosta Piperaceae Cactaceae Peperomia perrottetiana Miq. Peperomia camptotricha Miq. Piperaceae Pereskia portulacifolia (L.) Haw. ex DC. Piperaceae Cactaceae Peperomia polybotrya Kunth Peperomia campylotropa A.W.Hill. Piperaceae Piperaceae

360 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Pereskia sacharosa Griseb. Periploca graeca L. borbonia (L.) Spreng. Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae Lauraceae See: Rhodocactus sacharosa ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed (Griseb.) Backeb Periploca laevigata Aiton Persea gratissima C.F.Gaertn. Pereskia spathulata Otto ex Pfeiff. Asclepiadaceae Lauraceae Cactaceae = Persea americana Mill. Peristeria elata Hook. Pereskia stenantha F.Ritter Orchidaceae Persea indica (L.) Spreng. Cactaceae Lauraceae Peristeria pendula W.J.Hook. Pereskia weberiana K.Schum. Orchidaceae Persea lingue (Ruiz & Pav.) Nees Cactaceae Lauraceae Peristrophe angustifolia Nees Pereskia zinniiflora DC. Acanthaceae Persea nanmu Oliv. Cactaceae Lauraceae Peristrophe hyssopifolia (N.L.Burm.) See: Rhodocactus cubensis (Britton Bremek. Persea palustris (Raf.) Sarg. & Rose) F.M.Knuth Acanthaceae Lauraceae Pereskiopsis diguetii (F.A.C.Weber) Peristrophe speciosa (Roxb.) Nees Persica vulgaris Mill. Britton & Rose Acanthaceae Rosaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N = Prunus persica (L.) Batsch See: Pereskiopsis velutina Rose ◆ Weed - 5 Perityle emoryi Torr. Pereskiopsis gatesii Baxter Asteraceae Persicaria affinis (D.Don) Ronse Decr. Cactaceae Polygonaceae Pernettya coriacea Klotzsch Pereskiopsis rotundifolia (DC.) Britton ◆ Weed - 2 Ericaceae & Rose See: Gaultheria coriacea (Klotzsch) Persicaria bistorta (L.) Samp. Cactaceae L.D.Gomez comb. ined. Polygonaceae Pereskiopsis spathulata (Otto) Britton ◆ Weed - 3 Pernettya furiens (Hook. & Arn.) & Rose Klotzsch Persicaria campanulata (Hook. f.) Cactaceae Ericaceae Ronse Decr. Pereskiopsis velutina Rose = Pernettya insana (Molina) Gunckel Polygonaceae Cactaceae = Aconogonon campanulatum Pernettya insana (Molina) Gunckel = Pereskiopsis diguetii (Hook. f.) H.Hara Ericaceae (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 See: Pernettya furiens (Hook. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. & Arn.) Klotzsch Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. Asclepiadaceae ex D.Don) H.Gross Pernettya litoralis Phil. Polygonaceae Pergularia odoratissima (Lour.) Sm. Ericaceae See: Polygonum capitatum Asclepiadaceae Pernettya macrostigma Col. Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Periballia minuta (L.) Asch. & Graebn. Ericaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5A P Poaceae Pernettya mucronata (L. f.) Spreng. Persicaria filiformis (Thunb. ex Murray) = Molineriella minuta (L.) Rouy Ericaceae Nakai & W.T.Lee ◆ Weed - 1A See: Gaultheria mucronata (L. f.) Polygonaceae Pericallis cruenta (Masson ex L’Hérit.) Hook. & Arn. ◆ Weed - N Bolle Pernettya nana Colenso Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez Asteraceae Ericaceae Polygonaceae See: Senecio cruentus (Masson See: Polygonum glabrum Willd. ex L’Hérit.) DC. Pernettya prostrata (Cav.) DC. ◆ Weed - Nn Ericaceae Pericallis cuneata (L’Hérit.) Bolle Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach Asteraceae Pernettya pumila (L. f.) Hook. Polygonaceae See: Senecio hybridus (Willd.) Regel Ericaceae = Polygonum hydropiper L. ◆ Weed Perotis indica (L.) Kuntze ◆ Weed - 3 Pericallis hansenii (G.Kunkel) Sunding Poaceae Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N Polygonaceae Pericallis lanata (L’Hérit.) B.Nord. Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. = Polygonum lapathifolium L. Asteraceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3 Pericopsis angolensis (Bak.) van Meeuw. Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth. Persicaria maculosa Gray Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lamiaceae Polygonaceae ◆ Weed See: Polygonum persicaria L. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Lamiaceae Persea americana Mill. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Lauraceae Persicaria odorata (Lour.) Sojak See: Persea gratissima C.F.Gaertn. Polygonaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 361 Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach Petrophytum caespitosum (Torr. X hybrida E.Vilm. Polygonaceae & A.Gray) Rydb. Solanaceae = Polygonum orientale L. Rosaceae = Petunia axillaris (Lam.) Britton, ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 5 Sterns & Pogg. X Petunia Petrorhagia dianthoides (Sibth. & Sm.) integrifolia (Hook.) Schinz & Thell. Persicaria strigosa (R.Br.) Gross P.W.Ball & Heywood ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Polygonaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - N Petunia integrifolia (Hook.) Schinz (Raf.) G.López & Thell. Persicaria vaccinifolia (Wall. ex Meisn.) & Romo Solanaceae Ronse Decr. Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Polygonaceae See: Petrorhagia velutina (Guss.) P.W.Ball & Heywood Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. Persicaria virginiana (L.) Gaertn. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Apiaceae Polygonaceae = Polygonum virginianum L. Petrorhagia dubia (Raf.) G.López Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) & Romo X Petrorhagia nanteuilii W.D.J.Koch Pescatoria cerina Rchb. f. (Burnat) P.W.Ball & Heywood Apiaceae Orchidaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Pescatoria dayana Rchb. f. ◆ Weed - N Peumus boldus Molina Orchidaceae Petrorhagia illyrica (L.) Ball & Heyw. Monimiaceae Pescatoria lehmannii Rchb. f. Caryophyllaceae Pfeiffera ianthothele (Monv.) Orchidaceae Petrorhagia nanteuilii (Burnat) P.W.Ball F.A.C.Weber Pescatoria wallisii Linden & Rchb. f. & Heywood Cactaceae Orchidaceae Caryophyllaceae = Lepismium ianthothele (Monville) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A W.Barthlott Petalidium barlerioides Nees Acanthaceae Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link Phacelia corymbosa Jepson Caryophyllaceae Hydrophyllaceae Petalostemon purpureum (Vent.) Rydb. ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Phacelia glandulosa Nutt. Petrorhagia velutina (Guss.) P.W.Ball Hydrophyllaceae fragrans (Vill.) C.Presl & Heywood Asteraceae Phacelia imbricata Greene Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Hydrophyllaceae = Petrorhagia dubia (Raf.) G.López Petasites hybridus (L.) P.Gaertner, & Romo Phacelia lyonii A.Gray B.Meyer & Scherb. ◆ Weed - 1A Hydrophyllaceae Asteraceae Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman Phacelia sericea (Graham) Gray ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 ex A.W.Hill Hydrophyllaceae Petasites japonicus (Sieb. & Zucc.) Apiaceae Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. Maxim. See: Apium petroselinum L., Hydrophyllaceae Asteraceae Petroselinum hortense Hoffm., P ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Petroselinum sativum Hoffm. nom. inval. Phaedranthus buccinatorum (DC.) Miers Petiveria alliacea L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Bignoniaceae Phytolaccaceae = Distictis buccinatoria (DC.) ◆ Weed - 3 Petroselinum hortense Hoffm. A.Gentry Apiaceae Petrea arborea Kunth ◆ Weed = Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Verbenaceae Nyman ex A.W.Hill Phaenocoma prolifera D.Don Petrea glandulosa Pittier Asteraceae Petroselinum sativum Hoffm. Verbenaceae ◆ Weed nom. inval. Petrea kohautiana K.Presl Apiaceae Phaiophleps nigricans (Phil.) R.C.Foster Verbenaceae = Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Iridaceae = Petrea volubilis L. Nyman ex A.W.Hill = Sisyrinchium striatum Sm. Petrea rugosa Kunth Petunia axillaris (Lam.) Britton, Sterns Phaius flavus (Blume) Lindl. Verbenaceae & Pogg. Orchidaceae Solanaceae Petrea volubilis L. Phaius wallichii J.D.Hooker ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3A Verbenaceae Orchidaceae See: Petrea kohautiana K.Presl Petunia axillaris (Lam.) Britton, Sterns Phalacrocarpum hoffmannseggii ◆ Weed - 2 & Pogg. X Petunia integrifolia (Samp.) Lainz (Hook.) Schinz & Thell. Petrocallis pyrenaica (L.) R.Brown Asteraceae Solanaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A Phalacrocarpum oppositifolium Petrocoptis glaucifolia (Lag.) Boiss. (Brot.) Willk. Caryophyllaceae Asteraceae

362 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Phalaenopsis amboinensis J.J.Sm. Phalaenopsis stuartiana Rchb. f. Phaseolus adenanthus G.Mey. Orchidaceae X Phalaenopsis mannii Rchb. f. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Orchidaceae = Vigna adenantha (G.Mey.) Phalaenopsis aphrodite Reichb. f. Marechal, Mascherpa & Stainier Orchidaceae Phalaenopsis violacea Witte ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi (Breda) Phaseolus atropurpureus DC. Blume & Reichb. f. angusta Nees ex Trin. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Orchidaceae Poaceae = Macroptilium atropurpureum ◆ Weed - N - 3 Phalaenopsis decumbens (Griff.) (DC.) Urb. Holttum L. ◆ Weed - 2A - 3 Orchidaceae Poaceae Phaseolus calcaratus Roxb. See: Phalaris tuberosa L. Phalaenopsis equestris (Schauer) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Reichb. f. = Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi Orchidaceae Phalaris aquatica L. X Phalaris & H.Ohashi arundinacea L. Phalaenopsis fasciata Reichb. f. Phaseolus caracalla L. Poaceae Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N = Vigna caracalla (L.) Verdc. Phalaenopsis fimbriata (Lindl.) J.J.Sm. L. Orchidaceae Phaseolus coccineus L. Poaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Phalaenopsis fuscata Reichb. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 See: Phaseolus multiflorus Lam. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Phalaris californica Hook. & Arn. Phalaenopsis gigantea J.J.Sm. Poaceae Phaseolus filiformis Benth. Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Phalaris canariensis L. Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica (Rechib. f.) Poaceae Phaseolus inamoenus L. H.R.Sweet ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Orchidaceae = Phaseolus lunatus L. Desf. Phalaenopsis X intermedia Lindl. Poaceae Phaseolus linearis Kunth Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Phalaenopsis aphrodite Reichb. f. = Vigna linearis (Kunth) Marechal, Phalaris X daviesii S.T.Blake X Phalaenopsis equestris (Schauer) Mascherpa & Stainier Poaceae Reichb. f. ◆ Weed = Retz. X Phalaris Phalaenopsis X leuchorroda Rchb. f. aquatica L. Phaseolus lunatus L. Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Phalaris lemmonii Vasey See: Phaseolus inamoenus L. Phalaenopsis lindenii Loher Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N Phaseolus max L. Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana Reichb. Phalaris minor Retz. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae P Orchidaceae Poaceae = Glycine max (L.) Merr. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Phalaenopsis mannii Rchb. f. Phaseolus multiflorus Lam. Orchidaceae L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae Phalaenopsis mariae Burb. ex Warn. = Phaseolus coccineus L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Orchidaceae Phaseolus peduncularis Kunth Phalaris truncata Guss. ex Bertol. Phalaenopsis micholitzii Rolfe Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae Orchidaceae = Vigna peduncularis (Kunth) ◆ Weed Fawc. & Rendle Phalaenopsis pallens (Lindl.) Reichb. f. Phalaris tuberosa L. Phaseolus trilobatus (L.) Schreb. Orchidaceae Poaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Phalaenopsis pantherina Rchb. f. = Phalaris aquatica L. = Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Phaseolus trilobus auct. Phalaenopsis pulchra (Reichb. f.) Phalocallis herbertii (Herb.) Kuntze Leguminosae - Papilionaceae H.R.Sweet Iridaceae = Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Phanerophlebia falcata (L. f.) Copel Phalaenopsis sanderiana Reichb. f. Dryopteridaceae Phaseolus truxillensis Kunth Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Phalaenopsis schilleriana Reichb. f. Pharbitis learii (Paxt.) Lindl. Phaseolus vulgaris L. Orchidaceae Convolvulaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Phalaenopsis stuartiana Rchb. f. Phaseolus acutifolius A.Gray Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Phedimus spurius (M.Bieb.) ‘t Hart Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 363 Phedimus florifer (Praeger) ‘t Hart Philadelphus hirsutus Nutt. Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr. Crassulaceae Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeaceae Phedimus kamtschaticus (Fisch.) ‘t Hart Philadelphus hybrids hort. Philadelphus sericanthus Koehne Crassulaceae Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Phedimus selskianus (Regel & Maack) Philadelphus splendens Rehder ‘t Hart Philadelphus incanus Koehne Hydrangeaceae Crassulaceae Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus subcanus Koehne See: Sedum selskianum Regel Philadelphus inodorus L. Hydrangeaceae & Maack Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt See: Philadelphus grandiflorus Willd. Philadelphus tenuifolius Rupr. & Maxim. ◆ Thelypteridaceae Weed Hydrangeaceae See: Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Slos. Philadelphus X insignis Carrière ◆ Weed - 2 Philadelphus tomentosus Wall. Hydrangeaceae ex G.Don Phelline comosa Labill. & Schltr. Philadelphus intectus Beadle Hydrangeaceae Phellinaceae Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed Phellodendron amurense Rupr. = Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. Philadelphus X virginalis Rehder Rutaceae var. intectus (Beadle) A.H.Moore Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 - 5 ◆ Philadelphus keteleerii Carrière Weed Phellodendron japonicum Maxim. Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus zeyheri Schrad. ex DC. Rutaceae Philadelphus X lemoinei Lemoine Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Hydrangeaceae Philesia magellanica J.F.Gmel. Phellodendron lavallei Dode = Philadelphus coronarius L. X Smilacaceae Rutaceae Philadelphus microphyllus A.Gray ◆ Weed Philippia excelsa Alm & T.C.E.Fr. Philadelphus lewisii Pursh Ericaceae Phellodendron sachalinense Hydrangeaceae angustifolia L. (F.Schmidt) Sarg. ◆ Weed - 2 Oleaceae Rutaceae Philadelphus magdalenae Koehne ◆ Weed - 1A ◆ Weed Hydrangeaceae Phillyrea decora Boiss. & Balansa Phenakospermum guianense (Rich.) Miq. Philadelphus mexicanus Schltdl. Oleaceae Strelitziaceae Hydrangeaceae L. Philadelphus argyrocalyx Wooton ◆ Weed Oleaceae Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus microphyllus A.Gray ◆ Weed - N - 1A Philadelphus brachybotrys Koehne Hydrangeaceae Philodendron advena Schott Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus X monstrosus Rehder Araceae Philadelphus californicus Benth. Hydrangeaceae P Philodendron andreanum Devansaye Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus X nivalis Jacq. Araceae Philadelphus caucasicus Koehne Hydrangeaceae Philodendron angustisectum Engl. Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus pekinensis Rupr. Araceae Philadelphus coronarius L. Hydrangeaceae Philodendron anisotomum Schott Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus X pendulifolius Carrière Araceae ◆ Weed - 2 Hydrangeaceae Philodendron asperatum K.Koch Philadelphus coulteri S.Watson Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. Araceae Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeaceae Philodendron auriculatum Standl. Philadelphus X cymosus Rehder See: Philadelphus intectus Beadle & L.O.Williams Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Araceae ◆ Weed Philadelphus purpurascens (Koehne) Philodendron bipennifolium Schott Philadelphus delavayi L.Henry Rehder Araceae Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeaceae Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott Philadelphus falconeri Sarg. Philadelphus X purpureomaculatus ex Endl. Hydrangeaceae Lemoine Araceae Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus floridus Beadle Philodendron burle-marxii G.M.Barroso Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus satsumanus Siebold Araceae ex Miq. Philadelphus grandiflorus Willd. Hydrangeaceae Philodendron cannifolium (Dryand.) Hydrangeaceae G.Don = Philadelphus inodorus L. Philadelphus satsumi Siebold ex Lindl. Araceae & Paxton = Spathiphyllum cannifolium Hydrangeaceae (Dryand.) Schott

364 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Philodendron cordatum hort. Philodendron leyvae Garcia-Barr. Philodendron tuxtlanum G.S.Bunting Araceae Araceae Araceae = Philodendron hederaceum Philodendron lundii Warm. Philodendron verrucosum L.Mathieu (Jacq.) Schott Araceae ex Schott Philodendron crassinervium Lindl. Araceae Philodendron mamei André Araceae Araceae Philodendron warszewiczii K.Koch Philodendron cruentum Poepp. & C.D.Bouché Philodendron martianum Engl. Araceae Araceae Araceae Philodendron deltoideum Poepp. Philodendron wendlandii Schott Philodendron melanochrysum Linden Araceae Araceae & André Philodendron discolor K.Krause Araceae Philodendron williamsii Hook. f. Araceae Araceae Philodendron melinonii Brongn. Philodendron distantilobum K.Krause ex Regel Philonotis tenuis (Tayl.) Reich. Araceae Araceae Bartramiaceae Philodendron domesticum G.S.Bunting Philodendron mexicanum Engl. Phlebodium decumanum (Willd.) J.Sm. Araceae Araceae Polypodiaceae See: Philodendron hastatum hort. Philodendron ornatum Schott alpinum L. Philodendron elegans Krause Araceae Poaceae Araceae ◆ Weed - 5 Philodendron oxycardium Schott Philodendron erubescens K.Koch Araceae Phleum arenarium L. & Augustin = Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Poaceae Araceae Schott var. oxycardium (Schott) Croat ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 5 ◆ Weed Philodendron panduriforme Phleum pratense L. Philodendron fenzlii Engl. (H.B.K.) Kunth Poaceae Araceae Araceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Philodendron fragrantissimum Philodendron pedatum (Hook.) Kunth Phleum subulatum (Savi) Asch. (Hook.) Kunth Araceae & Graebn. Araceae Poaceae Philodendron radiatum Schott ◆ Weed - N Philodendron gloriosum André Araceae Araceae Phlomis alpina Pall. Philodendron recurvifolium Schott Lamiaceae Philodendron grandifolium (Jacq.) Schott Araceae Araceae Phlomis americana H.Gaund. Philodendron rothschuhianum (Engl. Lamiaceae Philodendron grandipes K.Krause & Krause) Croat & Grayum Araceae Araceae Phlomis anisodonta Boiss. Lamiaceae P Philodendron grazielae Bunting Philodendron rugosum Bogner Araceae & G.S.Bunting Phlomis aurea Decne. Philodendron guttiferum Kunth Araceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Araceae Philodendron sagittifolium Liebm. Philodendron hastatum hort. Araceae Phlomis bovei de Noé Lamiaceae Araceae Philodendron sanguineum Regel = Philodendron domesticum Araceae Phlomis capitata Boiss. G.S.Bunting Lamiaceae Philodendron scandens K.Koch & Sello Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott Araceae Phlomis cashmeriana Royle ex Benth. Araceae = Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Lamiaceae See: Philodendron cordatum hort., Schott Philodendron oxycardium Schott, Phlomis chimerae H.Boissieu ◆ Weed - 5 Philodendron scandens K.Koch Lamiaceae & Sello Philodendron selloum K.Koch Phlomis chrysophylla Boiss. Araceae Philodendron imbe Schott ex Endl. Lamiaceae = Philodendron bipinnatifidum Araceae ◆ Weed Schott ex Endl. Philodendron insigne Schott Phlomis cretica Presl. Philodendron speciosum Schott Araceae Lamiaceae Araceae Philodendron lacerum (Jacq.) Schott Phlomis crinita Cav. Philodendron squamiferum Poepp. Araceae Lamiaceae Araceae ◆ Weed Phlomis ferruginea Ten. Philodendron tatei K.Krause Philodendron laciniatum (Vell.) Engl. Lamiaceae Araceae Araceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 365 Phlomis fruticosa L. Phlox drummondii Hook. loureiroi Kunth Lamiaceae Polemoniaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 See: Phoenix hanceana Naudin ex Hance nom. inval. Phlomis herba-venti L. Phlox latifolia Michx. Lamiaceae Polemoniaceae Phoenix paludosa Roxb. ◆ Weed Arecaceae Phlox maculata L. Phlomis italica L. Polemoniaceae Phoenix pusilla Gaertn. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Arecaceae Phlomis lanata Willd. Phlox nivalis Lodd. ex Sweet Phoenix reclinata Jacq. Lamiaceae Polemoniaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 Phlomis lychnitis L. Phlox ovata L. Lamiaceae Polemoniaceae Phoenix reclinata Jacq. X Phoenix ◆ Weed roebelenii O’Brien Phlox paniculata L. Arecaceae Phlomis lycia D.Don. Polemoniaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Phoenix roebelenii O’Brien Arecaceae Phlomis orientalis Mill. Phlox pilosa L. ◆ Weed - N Lamiaceae Polemoniaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Phoenix rupicola T.Anderson Arecaceae Phlomis platystegia Post Phlox X procumbens Lehm. ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Polemoniaceae Phlomis purpurea L. = Phlox stolonifera Sims. X Phlox Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Lamiaceae subulata L. Arecaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N Phlomis rigida Labill. Lamiaceae Phlox reptans Michx. Phoenix theophrasti Greuter Polemoniaceae Arecaceae Phlomis russeliana (Sims) Benth. Lamiaceae Phlox rugelii Brand Phoenix zeylanica Trimen ◆ Weed - 2 Polemoniaceae Arecaceae Phlomis samia L. Phlox sibirica L. Pholidocarpus kingianus (Becc.) Ridley Lamiaceae Polemoniaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Phlox speciosa Pursh Pholidocarpus mucronata Becc. Phlomis tuberosa L. Polemoniaceae Arecaceae Lamiaceae Phlox stolonifera Sims Pholidostachys dactyloides H.E.Moore ◆ Weed - 5 Polemoniaceae Arecaceae Phlomis viscosa Poiret Phlox subulata L. Pholidostachys kalbreyeri H.Wendl. P Lamiaceae Polemoniaceae ex Burret Phlox adsurgens A.Gray See: Phlox brittonii Small Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Polemoniaceae Pholidostachys pulchra H.Wendl. Phlox amoena Sims Phoenicophorium borsigianum ex Burret Polemoniaceae (K.Koch) Stuntz Arecaceae Arecaceae Phlox bifida L.C.Beck Pholidota articulata Lindl. Polemoniaceae Phoenix acaulis Roxb. Orchidaceae Arecaceae Phlox brittonii Small Pholidota carnea (Blume) Lindl. Polemoniaceae Chabaud Orchidaceae = Phlox subulata L. ssp. brittonii Arecaceae Pholidota chinensis Lindl. (Small) Wherry ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Orchidaceae Phlox caespitosa Nutt. Phoenix dactylifera L. Pholidota gibbosa (Blume) Lindl. Polemoniaceae Arecaceae ex de Vriese See: Phlox douglasii Hook. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Orchidaceae Phlox carolina L. Phoenix farinifera Roxb. Pholidota parviflora Hook. f. Polemoniaceae Arecaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Phoenix hanceana Naudin ex Hance Pholidota uraiensis Hayata Phlox divaricata L. nom. inval. Orchidaceae Polemoniaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2 = Phoenix loureiroi Kunth Pholiurus pannonicus (Host) Trin. Poaceae Phlox douglasii Hook. Phoenix loureirii Kunth ◆ Weed - N Polemoniaceae Arecaceae = Phlox caespitosa Nutt.

366 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Phormium colensoi Hook. f. Photinia villosa (Thunb.) DC. Phygelius X rectus hort. Agavaceae Rosaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed = Phygelius aequalis Harv. ex Hiern X Phygelius capensis E.Mey. ex Benth. Phormium cookianum Le Jol. Photinopteris speciosa (Blume) C.Presl Agavaceae Polypodiaceae Phyla canescens (Kunth) Greene ◆ Weed - 2 Verbenaceae Phragmipedium boissierianum ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A Phormium tenax J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (Rchb. f.) Rolfe Agavaceae Orchidaceae Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Verbenaceae Phragmipedium caricinum (Lindl. See: Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. Phormium cookianum Le Jol. X & Paxton) Rolfe ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Phormium tenax J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Orchidaceae Agavaceae Phyla scaberrima (Juss. ex Pers.) Phragmipedium caudatum (Lindl.) Rolfe Moldenke Photinia beauverdiana C.K.Schneid. Orchidaceae Verbenaceae Rosaceae Phragmipedium ecuadorense Garay See: Lippia dulcis Trevir. Photinia davidiana (Decne.) Cardot Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Rosaceae Phragmipedium longifolium (Rchb. Phylica axillaris Lam. See: Stranvaesia davidiana Decne. f. & Warsz.) Rolfe Rhamnaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Orchidaceae Phylica buxifolia L. Photinia davidsoniae Rehder Phragmipedium sargentianum Rhamnaceae & E.H.Wilson (Rolfe) Rolfe Rosaceae Phylica lachneaeoides Pillans Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Rhamnaceae australis (Cav.) Trin. Photinia floribunda (Lindl.) Phylica leipoldtii Pillans ex Steud. K.R.Robertson & J.B.Phipps Rhamnaceae Poaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Phylica oleifolia Vent. See: Aronia prunifolia (Marshall) Rhamnaceae Rehder Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. Poaceae Phylica paniculata Willd. Photinia X fraseri Dress ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 Rhamnaceae Rosaceae = Photinia glabra (Thunb.) Franch. Phreatia cylindrostachya Schltr. Phylica plumosa L. & Sav. X Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Orchidaceae Rhamnaceae Kalkman Phreatia densiflora (Blume) Lindl. Phylica pubescens Lodd. Photinia glabra (Thunb.) Franch. & Sav. Orchidaceae Rhamnaceae Rosaceae Phreatia elata Schltr. Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels ◆ Weed - N Orchidaceae Euphorbiaceae Photinia integrifolia Lindl. See: Phyllanthus distichus (L.) Phreatia elongata Schltr. P Rosaceae Müll.Arg., Phyllanthus sandwicensis Orchidaceae Müll.Arg. Photinia melanocarpa (Michx.) ◆ Phreatia neocaledonica Schltr. Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 K.R.Robertson & J.B.Phipps Orchidaceae Rosaceae Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. = Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott Phreatia secunda (Blume) Lindl. & Thonn. Euphorbiaceae Orchidaceae Photinia parvifolia (E.Pritz.) C.K.Schneid. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Rosaceae Phreatia stenostachya (Rchb. f.) Phyllanthus bourgeoisii Baill. Kraenzl. Photinia pyrifolia (Lam.) K.R.Robertson Euphorbiaceae Orchidaceae & J.B.Phipps Phyllanthus debilis Klein ex Willd. Rosaceae Phuopsis stylosa (Trin.) Benth. & Hook. Euphorbiaceae = Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers. f. ex B.D.Jackson ◆ Weed - N - 3A Rubiaceae Photinia schneideriana Rehder ◆ Weed - 2 Phyllanthus distichus (L.) Müll.Arg. & E.H.Wilson Euphorbiaceae Rosaceae Phygelius aequalis Harv. ex Hiern = Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels Scrophulariaceae Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman Phyllanthus emblica L. Rosaceae Phygelius capensis E.Mey. ex Benth. Euphorbiaceae See: Photinia serrulata Lindl. Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - 2 Phyllanthus multiflorus Poir. Photinia serrulata Lindl. Phygelius aequalis Harv. ex Hiern X Euphorbiaceae Rosaceae Phygelius capensis E.Mey. ex Benth. = Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman Scrophulariaceae Phyllanthus niruri L. ◆ Weed See: Phygelius X rectus hort. Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - 3

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 367 Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel Euphorbiaceae Poaceae ex J.Houz. ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 ◆ Weed Poaceae = Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) Phyllanthus sandwicensis Mull.Arg. Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. J.Houz. Euphorbiaceae & Zucc. ◆ Weed = Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels Poaceae See: Bambusa castilloni hort. Phyllostachys quilioi Riviere Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A & C.Riviere Euphorbiaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4 - 5 Phyllostachys bissetii McClure Poaceae Phyllostachys rubromarginata McClure X Phylliopsis hillieri J.Cullen ◆ Weed - 1 Poaceae & R.Lancaster ◆ Weed Ericaceae Phyllostachys dulcis McClure = Kalmiopsis leachiana (L. f.Hend.) Poaceae Phyllostachys sulphurea (Carrière) Rehder X Phyllodoce breweri A.Heller ◆ Weed Riviere & C.Riviere Poaceae Phyllis nobla L. Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J.Houz. ◆ Weed Rubiaceae Poaceae See: Phyllostachys heterocycla Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman (Carrière) Mitford, Phyllostachys (Carrière) Riviere & C.Riviere Aspleniaceae pubescens Mazel ex J.Houz. Poaceae = Asplenium scolopendrium L. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 3 Phyllostachys elegans McClure Phyllostachys viridis (R.A.Young) Phyllobolus abbreviatus (L.Bolus) Poaceae McClure Gerbaulet Poaceae Aizoaceae Phyllostachys flexuosa Riviere & C.Riviere Phyllostachys vivax McClure alpinus Hook. f. Poaceae Poaceae Podocarpaceae ◆ Weed Phymaspermum parvifolium (DC.) Phyllocladus asplenifolius (Labill.) Phyllostachys glauca McClure Benth. & Hook. f. Hook. f. Poaceae Asteraceae Podocarpaceae Phyllostachys heterocycla (Carrière) Phymatosorus nigrescens (Blume) Phyllocladus glaucus Carrière Mitford Pic.Serm. Podocarpaceae Poaceae Polypodiaceae Phyllocladus toatoa Molloy = Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) Phymatosorus parksii (Copeland) Podocarpaceae J.Houz. Brownlie ◆ Weed - 5 Phyllocladus trichomanoides D.Don Polypodiaceae Podocarpaceae Phyllostachys humilis Muroi Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm. f.) Poaceae P Phyllodoce caerulea (L.) Bab. Pic.Serm. Ericaceae Phyllostachys iridescens Yao. Polypodiaceae & S.Y.Chen. See: Polypodium scolopendria Phyllopodium cordatum (Thunb.) Poaceae Burm. f. O.M.Hilliard ◆ Weed - 1 Scrophulariaceae Phyllostachys makinoi Hayata See: Polycarena heterophylla (L. f.) Poaceae Phymosia umbellata (Cav.) Kearney Levyns (misapp. in Australia) Malvaceae Phyllostachys mannii Gamble ◆ Weed - N - 1A Poaceae alkekengi L. Phyllostachys acuta C.D.Chu & C.S.Chao Solanaceae Phyllostachys meyeri McClure Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Poaceae Phyllostachys angusta McClure ◆ Weed Physalis angulata L. Poaceae Solanaceae Phyllostachys nidularia Munro ◆ Weed See: Physalis lanceifolia Nees Poaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Phyllostachys arcana McClure (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Poaceae Physalis franchetii Mast. Munro Solanaceae Phyllostachys atrovaginata C.S.Chao Poaceae & H.Y.Chou ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5 Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex DC. Poaceae Solanaceae Phyllostachys nuda McClure ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3A Phyllostachys aurea Riviere & C.Riviere Poaceae Poaceae Physalis lanceifolia Nees Phyllostachys praecox C.D.Chu See: Bambusa aurea Sieber Solanaceae & C.S.Chao ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 = Physalis angulata L. Poaceae ◆ Weed - 3

368 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Physalis micrantha Link Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. polyandra Batal. Solanaceae Lamiaceae Phytolaccaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A See: Physostegia praemorsa Shinners ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 2 Physalis minima L. Phytolacca rivinoides Kunth Solanaceae Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav. & C.D.Bouche ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A Arecaceae Phytolaccaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A L. Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav. Solanaceae Arecaceae Piaranthus atrosanguineus (N.E.Br.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 P.V.Bruyns Phytelephas seemannii O.F.Cook Asclepiadaceae Physalis philadelphica Lam. Arecaceae Solanaceae Piaranthus decipiens (N.E.Br.) ◆ Phytelephas tenuicaulis (Barfod) Weed - Nn - 2A - 3A - 5 P.V.Bruyns Andr.Hend. Asclepiadaceae Physalis pruinosa L. Arecaceae Solanaceae Piaranthus decorus (Masson) N.E.Br. Phyteuma globulariifolium Sternberg = Physalis pubescens L. var. Asclepiadaceae integrifolia (Dunal) Waterf. & Hoppe ◆ Weed Campanulaceae Piaranthus foetidus N.E.Br. Asclepiadaceae Physalis pubescens L. Phyteuma hemisphaericum L. Solanaceae Campanulaceae Piaranthus geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. See: Physalis pruinosa L. Asclepiadaceae Phyteuma orbiculare L. ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 Campanulaceae Piaranthus parvulus N.E.Br. Physalis virginiana Mill. ◆ Weed Asclepiadaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A - 4 Phyteuma ovatum Honckeny Piaranthus pillansii N.E.Br. Campanulaceae Asclepiadaceae Physalis viscosa L. Solanaceae Phyteuma scheuchzeri All. excelsa (Aiton) DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A - 5 Campanulaceae Oleaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Physaria alpina Rollins (L.) H.Karst. Brassicaceae Phyteuma scorzonerifolium Vill. Pinaceae Campanulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 5 Physaria eburniflora Rollins Brassicaceae Phyteuma zahlbruckneri Vest Picea albertiana S.Br. Campanulaceae Pinaceae Physocarpus amurensis (Maxim.) Maxim. Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. (Vietch ex Lindl.) Rosaceae Phytolaccaceae Carrière ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Pinaceae Physocarpus bracteatus (Rydb.) Rehder Phytolacca americana L. Mast. Rosaceae Phytolaccaceae Pinaceae P ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 Physocarpus capitatus (Pursh) Kuntze Picea balfouriana Rehder & E.Wilson Rosaceae Phytolacca clavigera W.W.Sm. Pinaceae Phytolaccaceae Physocarpus malvaceus (Greene) Kuntze Picea bicolor (Maxim.) Mayr ◆ Weed Rosaceae Pinaceae Phytolacca dioica L. Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. (Franch.) E.Pritz. Rosaceae Phytolaccaceae ◆ Pinaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 S.Watson Phytolacca dodecandra L’Hérit. Physocarpus ribesifolia Kom. Pinaceae Rosaceae Phytolaccaceae ◆ Weed Parry ex Engelm. Physokentia dennisii H.E.Moore Pinaceae Phytolacca esculenta Van Houtte Arecaceae ◆ Weed Phytolaccaceae Physokentia rosea H.E.Moore ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 (Moench) Voss Arecaceae Pinaceae Phytolacca icosandra L. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Physoplexis comosa (L.) Schur Phytolaccaceae Campanulaceae = Phytolacca octandra L. (F.Schmidt) Mast. Physosiphon tubatus Rchb. f. ◆ Weed Pinaceae Orchidaceae Phytolacca octandra L. (Sieb. & Zucc.) Carrière Physostegia praemorsa Shinners Phytolaccaceae Pinaceae Lamiaceae See: Phytolacca icosandra L. Nakai = Physostegia virginiana (L.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Pinaceae Benth. ssp. praemorsa (Shinners) P.D.Cantino

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 369 Picea koyamai Shiras. Picramnia polyantha Planch. microphylla (L.) Liebm. Pinaceae Picramniaceae Urticaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 (Franch.) E.Pritz. Picrasma ailanthoides (Bunge) Planch. Pinaceae Simaroubaceae Pilea mollis Wedd. Urticaceae Picea X lutzii Little Picrasma crenata Engl. Pinaceae Simaroubaceae Pilea muscosa Lindl. Urticaceae (Mill.) Britton, Sterns Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch. ◆ Weed & Pogg. Simaroubaceae Pinaceae Pilea nummulariifolia (Sw.) Wedd. Picrasma quassioides (D.Don) Benn. ◆ Weed Urticaceae Simaroubaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Picea X mariorika Boom Picris echioides L. Pinaceae Pilea repens (Sw.) Weddell Asteraceae Urticaceae Mast. = Helminthotheca echioides L. = Pilea inaequalis (Juss. ex Poir.) Pinaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Weddell Picea mexicana Martínez Picris hieracioides L. Pilea serpyllacea (Kunth) Liebm. Pinaceae Asteraceae Urticaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4 - 5 Picea montigena Mast. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Pinaceae Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth. Pilea serpyllifolia (Poir.) Wedd. Scrophulariaceae Picea morinda Link Urticaceae Pinaceae Pieris floribunda (Pursh) Benth. = Pilea trianthemoides (Sw.) Lindl. ◆ Hayata & Hook. f. Weed Ericaceae Pinaceae Pilea spruceana Weddell ◆ Weed - 2 Ledeb. Urticaceae Pieris formosa (Wall.) D.Don Pinaceae Pilea trianthemoides (Sw.) Lindl. Ericaceae Urticaceae (Pancic) Purk. ◆ Weed - 2 Pinaceae See: Pilea serpyllifolia (Poir.) Wedd. ◆ ◆ Weed - 2 Pieris forrestii R.L.Harrow Weed Ericaceae (L.) Link Pilgerodendron uviferum (D.Don) Florin Pinaceae Pieris japonica (Thunb.) D.Don Cupressaceae ex G.Don Pilidiostigma rhytisperma (F.Müell.) Picea polita (Sieb. & Zucc.) Carrière Ericaceae Burret Pinaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Myrtaceae Picea pungens Engelm. Pieris lanceolata (Wall.) D.Don Pilocarpus pennatifolius Lem. Pinaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed - N Rutaceae P Pieris phillyreifolia (Hook.) DC. Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) F.W.Schultz Mast. Ericaceae Pinaceae & Sch.Bip. Pieris polita W.W.Sm. & Jeffrey Asteraceae Sarg. Ericaceae = Hieracium aurantiacum L. Pinaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed Pieris taiwanensis Hayata Ericaceae Pilosella officinarum F.W.Schultz Fisch. & C.A.Mey. & Sch.Bip. Pigafetta elata (Mart.) Blume Pinaceae Asteraceae ex H.Wendl. ◆ Weed - 3 (Bong.) Carrière Arecaceae Pinaceae Pilosocereus albisummus P.J.Braun ◆ Pigafetta filaris (Giseke) Becc. Weed - 1 - 2 & Esteves Arecaceae (Wall.) Boiss. Cactaceae Pilea cadierei Gagnep. ex Guillaumin Pinaceae Pilosocereus alensis (F.A.C.Weber Urticaceae (Griff.) A.Henry ex Gosselin) Byles & Rowley Pinaceae Pilea depressa (Sw.) Blume Cactaceae Urticaceae Mast. Pilosocereus arrabidae (Lem.) Byles ◆ Weed - 2 Pinaceae & Rowley Pilea inaequalis (Juss. ex Poir.) Weddell Cactaceae Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass. Urticaceae Asteraceae Pilosocereus aureispinus (Buining See: Pilea repens (Sw.) Weddell See: Cirsium acarna (L.) Moench & Brederoo) F.Ritter ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A Pilea involucrata (Sims) Urban Cactaceae Urticaceae Picralima klaineana Pierre Pilosocereus aurilanatus F.Ritter ◆ Weed Apocynaceae Cactaceae

370 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Pilosocereus azureus F.Ritter Pilosocereus glaucescens (Labour.) Pilosocereus piauhyensis (Gürke) Cactaceae Byles & Rowley Byles & Rowley See: Pseudopilosocereus azureus Cactaceae Cactaceae Buining & Brederoo Pilosocereus glaucochrous (Werderm.) Pilosocereus polygonus (Lam.) Byles ◆ Weed Blyles & Rowley & G.D.Rowley Pilosocereus barbadensis (Britton Cactaceae Cactaceae & Rose) Byles & Rowley Pilosocereus gounellei (F.A.C.Weber) Pilosocereus purpusii (Britton & Rose) Cactaceae Byles & Rowley Byles & G.D.Rowley = Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles Cactaceae Cactaceae & Rowley Pilosocereus guerreronis (Backeb.) Pilosocereus quadricentralis Pilosocereus brasiliensis (Britton Byles & G.D.Rowley (E.Y.Dawson) Backeb. & Rose) Backeb. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Pilosocereus juaruensis (Buining Pilosocereus robinii (Lem.) Byles Pilosocereus braunii E.Esteves & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Pilosocereus catingicola (Gürke) Byles Pilosocereus lanuginosus (L.) Byles Pilosocereus rosae P.J.Braun & G.D.Rowley & Rowland Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles & Rowley Pilosocereus cenepequei Rizzini Pilosocereus leucocephalus (Poselg.) Cactaceae & A.Mattos Byles & Rowley See: Pilosocereus barbadensis Cactaceae Cactaceae (Britton & Rose) Byles & Rowley, = Pilosocereus pachycladus F.Ritter See: Pilosocereus palmeri (Rose) Pilosocereus nobilis (Haw.) K.Schum. Pilosocereus chrysacanthus Byl. & Rowley Pilosocereus rupicola (Werderm.) (F.A.C.Weber) Byles & G.D.Rowley Pilosocereus luetzelburgii (Vaupel) Byles & G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Byles & G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Pilosocereus chrysostele (Vaupel) Byles Cactaceae Pilosocereus ruschianus (Buining & Rowley Pilosocereus machrisii (E.Y.Dawson) & Brederoo) P.J.Braun Cactaceae Backeb. Cactaceae Pilosocereus coerulescens (Lem.) F.Ritter Cactaceae Pilosocereus salvadorensis (Werderm.) Cactaceae Pilosocereus magnificus (Buining Byles & G.D.Rowley See: Pilosocereus werdermannianus & Brederoo) F.Ritter Cactaceae (Buining & Brederoo) F.Ritter Cactaceae Pilosocereus sartorianus (Rose) Byles Pilosocereus collinsii (Britton & Rose) Pilosocereus moritzianus (Otto) Byles & G.D.Rowley Byles & G.D.Rowley & G.D.Rowley Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Pilosocereus schoebelii P.J.Braun Pilosocereus cometes (Scheidw.) Byles Pilosocereus nobilis (Haw.) K.Schum. Cactaceae P & Rowley Cactaceae = Pilosocereus pachycladus F.Ritter Cactaceae = Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles Pilosocereus superfloccosus (Buining Pilosocereus cristalinensis P.J.Braun & Rowley & Brederoo) F.Ritter & Esteves Pilosocereus oligolepis (Vaupel) Byles Cactaceae Cactaceae & Rowley = Pilosocereus zehntneri (Britton Pilosocereus diersianus (Esteves) Cactaceae & Rose) F.Ritter P.J.Braun Pilosocereus pachycladus F.Ritter Pilosocereus tuberculatus (Werderm.) Cactaceae Cactaceae Byles & G.D.Rowley Pilosocereus flavipulvinatus (Buining See: Pilosocereus cenepequei Rizzini Cactaceae & Brederoo) F.Ritter & A.Mattos, Pilosocereus schoebelii Pilosocereus tweedyanus (Britton Cactaceae P.J.Braun & Rose) Byles & G.D.Rowley Pilosocereus flexibilispinus P.J.Braun Pilosocereus palmeri (Rose) Byl. Cactaceae & Esteves & Rowley Pilosocereus ulei (K.Schum.) Byles Cactaceae Cactaceae & Rowley = Pilosocereus leucocephalus Pilosocereus floccosus (Backeb. & Voll) Cactaceae (Poselg.) Byles & Rowley Byles & G.D.Rowley Pilosocereus vilaboensis (Diers Cactaceae Pilosocereus parvus (Diers & Esteves) & Esteves) P.J.Braun P.J.Braun Pilosocereus fulvilanatus (Buining Cactaceae Cactaceae & Brederoo) F.Ritter Pilosocereus werdermannianus Cactaceae Pilosocereus pentaedrophorus (Buining & Brederoo) F.Ritter (Labour.) Byles & G.D.Rowley Pilosocereus gaumeri (Britton & Rose) Cactaceae Cactaceae Backeb. = Pilosocereus coerulescens (Lem.) Cactaceae F.Ritter

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 371 Pilosocereus zehntneri (Britton & Rose) Pinanga dicksonii Blume Pinguicula emarginata Zamudio Ruiz- F.Ritter Arecaceae Rzedowski X Pinguicula filifolia Cactaceae Wright ex Griseb. Pinanga disticha (Roxb.) Blume See: Pilosocereus superfloccosus ex H.Wendl. (Buining & Brederoo) F.Ritter Arecaceae Pinguicula esseriana B.Kirchner gnidia Willd. Lentibulariaceae Pinanga elmerii Becc. Thymelaeaceae Arecaceae Pinguicula filifolia Wright ex Griseb. Pimelea imbricata R.Br. Lentibulariaceae Pinanga heterophylla Becc. Thymelaeaceae Arecaceae Pinguicula grandiflora Lamarck Pimelea prostrata (J.R.Forst. Lentibulariaceae Pinanga insignis Becc. & G.Forst.) Willd. ◆ Weed Thymelaeaceae Arecaceae Pinguicula gypsicola Brandeg. Pinanga javana Blume Pimelea suaveolens Meisn. Lentibulariaceae Thymelaeaceae Arecaceae Pinguicula hemiepiphytica Zamudio Pinanga kuhlii Blume Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. Ruiz-Rzedowski Arecaceae Myrtaceae Lentibulariaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Pinanga maculata M.Porte ex Lem. Pinguicula laueana Speta-Fuchs Arecaceae Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W.Moore Lentibulariaceae Myrtaceae Pinanga malaiana (Mart.) R.Scheffer Pinguicula lusitanica L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Arecaceae Lentibulariaceae Pimpinella anisum L. Pinanga negrosensis Becc. Pinguicula moctezumae Zamudio- Apiaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Ruiz-R.Z.Ortega Pinanga patula Blume. Lentibulariaceae Pimpinella saxifraga L. Arecaceae Apiaceae Pinguicula moctezumae Zamudio- ◆ Weed - 3 Pinanga philippinensis Becc. Ruiz-R.Z.Ortega X Pinguicula Arecaceae rectifolia Speta-Fuchs Pimpinella villosa Schousb. Lentibulariaceae Apiaceae Pinanga scortechinii Becc. Arecaceae Pinguicula moranensis Kunth Pinanga aristata (Burret) Dransf. Lentibulariaceae Arecaceae Pinanga simplicifrons (Miq.) Becc. Arecaceae Pinguicula planifolia Chapman Pinanga barnesii Becc. Lentibulariaceae Arecaceae Pinellia pedatisecta Schott Araceae Pinguicula primuliflora Wood Pinanga batanensis Becc. ◆ Weed - 3 & Godfrey Arecaceae Lentibulariaceae Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino P Pinanga beccariana Furt. Araceae Pinguicula rectifolia Speta-Fuchs Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Lentibulariaceae Pinanga bicolana Fernando Pinellia tripartita (Blume) Schott. Pinguicula rotundifolia Smit Arecaceae Araceae Lentibulariaceae Pinanga bowiana D.R.Hodel Pinguicula agnata Casper Pinguicula vallisneriifolia Webb Arecaceae Lentibulariaceae Lentibulariaceae Pinanga caesia Blume Pinguicula alpina L. Pinguicula vulgaris L. Arecaceae Lentibulariaceae Lentibulariaceae Pinanga celebica Scheff. ◆ Weed Pinguicula antarctica Vahl Arecaceae Lentibulariaceae Engelm. Pinanga cochinchinensis Blume Pinaceae Pinguicula caerulea Walt. Arecaceae Lentibulariaceae Franch. Pinanga copelandii Becc. Pinaceae Pinguicula caudata Schltdl. Arecaceae Lentibulariaceae Pinus attenuata Lemmon Pinanga coronata Blume Pinaceae Pinguicula crystallina Sibth. & Sm. Arecaceae ◆ Weed Lentibulariaceae Pinanga crassipes Becc. Ehrenb. ex Schltdl. Pinguicula ehlersiae Speta-Fuchs Arecaceae Pinaceae Lentibulariaceae = Engelm. Pinanga curranii Becc. Pinguicula emarginata Zamudio Arecaceae A.Murray Ruiz-Rzedowski Pinaceae Pinanga densiflora Becc. Lentibulariaceae Arecaceae

372 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Pinus banksiana Lamb. Pinus herrerai Martinez Sieb. & Zucc. Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Pinus insularis Endl. Schiede ex Schltdl. Ten. Pinaceae & Cham. Pinaceae Pinaceae Balf. ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Pinaceae Zucc. ex Endl. ◆ Weed - 1 Griseb. Pinaceae Pinaceae Royle ex Gordon ◆ Weed C.Sm. Pinaceae Pinaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Aiton ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Pinaceae Pinus khasya Royle ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Pinus caribaea Morelet Pinaceae Pinaceae Gordon & Glend. Sieb. & Zucc. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Pinaceae Pinaceae L. Pinus pinea L. Dougl. Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed Zucc. Pinus pityusa Steven Pinus leucodermis Antoine Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Douglas ex Loudon P.Lawson & C.Lawson D.K.Bailey Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 Pinus longifolia Salisb. Pinus coulteri D.Don Lindl. Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Mayr ◆ Weed Pinaceae Sieb. & Zucc. (Pall.) Regel Pinaceae Robins. & Fern. Pinaceae ◆ Weed Pinaceae Pinus pungens Lamb. Martinez Lamb. Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Parl. ex Sudw. ◆ Weed - N H.E.Moore Pinaceae Mill. Pinaceae D.Don Pinaceae Pinus michoacana Martinez Pinaceae ◆ Weed Pinaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5A Engelm. Lamb. Aiton P Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Engelm. Pinus monticola Douglas ex D.Don Pinus rhaetica Bruegger Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5A ◆ Weed Mill. Carrière Pinus morrisonicola Hayata Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae ◆ Weed - 1 E.James Turra Sarg. Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Wall. ex D.Don ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Pinaceae D.Don Dougl. ex D.Don Engelm. ex Parl. Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Pinus griffithii McClell. J.F.Arnold Pinus scopulorum Lemmon Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Du Tour Mill. Schiede ex Schltdl. Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinus sosnovskyi Nakai ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed Pinaceae Lindl. Pinus palustris Mill. Pinus stankewiczii (Sukaczev) Fomin Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae ◆ Weed - N

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 373 Pinus strobiformis Engelm. Piper capense L. Piptanthus tomentosus Franch. Pinaceae Piperaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. Piper chaba W.Hunter Piptatherum coerulescens (Desf.) ex Schltdl. Piperaceae P.Beauv. L. Poaceae Piper crocatum hort. Pinaceae Piperaceae Piptatherum holciforme (M.Bieb.) ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 = Piper ornatum N.E.Br. Roem. & Schult. L. Poaceae Piper cubeba L. f. Pinaceae See: Oryzopsis holciformis Piperaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 5 (M.Bieb.) Hack. Piper curtipedunculum C.DC. Pinus tabulaeformis Carrière Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Cosson Piperaceae Pinaceae Poaceae Piper excelsum Forst. f. See: Oryzopsis miliacea (L.) Benth. L. Piperaceae & Hook. f. ex Asch. & Schweinf. Pinaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Piper fimbriulatum C.DC. Piperaceae bicolor (Vahl) E.Desv. Hayata Poaceae Pinaceae Piper kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Piperaceae Piptochaetium lasianthum Griseb. Schiede ex Schltdl. Piper lancifolium Ham. Poaceae & Cham. Piperaceae Pinaceae Piptochaetium lejopodum (Speg.) Piper magnificum (C.DC.) Trel. Henrard Pinus thunbergiana Franco nom. illeg. Piperaceae Poaceae Pinaceae Piper methysticum G.Forst. = Parl. Piptochaetium montevidense (Spreng.) Piperaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Parodi ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Poaceae Pinus thunbergii Parl. Piper nigrum L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Pinaceae Piperaceae See: Pinus thunbergiana Franco Piptochaetium setosum (Trin.) ◆ Weed nom. illeg. Arechav. ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Piper officinarum (Miq.) C.DC. Poaceae Piperaceae ◆ Weed Pinus torreyana Parry ex Carrière = Piper retrofractum Vahl Pinaceae Piptochaetium stipoides (Trin. ◆ Weed Piper ornatum N.E.Br. & Rupr.) Hack. Piperaceae Poaceae Pinus uncinata Mill. ex Mirb. See: Piper crocatum hort. ◆ Weed Pinaceae Piper porphyrophyllum (Lindl.) N.E.Br. Piptochaetium uruguense Griseb. P Mill. Piperaceae Poaceae Pinaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Piper postelsianum Maxim. Piptochaetium verruculosum (Mez) Piperaceae Henrard A.B.Jacks. Poaceae Pinaceae Piper retrofractum Vahl ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Piperaceae albidus (Hook. & Arn.) Gray See: Piper officinarum (Miq.) C.DC. Urticaceae Franch. ◆ Weed Pinaceae grandis R.Br. Piper sylvaticum Roxb. Nyctaginaceae Piper aculeatum C.DC. Piperaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Piperaceae Piper umbellatum L. Pisonia inermis Jacq. Piper apiculatum C.DC. Piperaceae Nyctaginaceae Piperaceae = Lepianthes peltata (L.) Raf. atlantica Desf. Piper auritum Kunth ◆ Weed Anacardiaceae Piperaceae Piptanthus concolor R.L.Harrow ◆ Weed - 5 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ex Craib Pistacia chinensis Bunge Piper betel L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Anacardiaceae Piperaceae Piptanthus laburnifolius (D.Don) Stapf ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A = Piper betle L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pistacia integerrima J.Stewart Piper betle L. ◆ Weed Anacardiaceae Piperaceae Piptanthus nepalensis (Hook.) D.Don See: Piper betel L. Pistacia lentiscus L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Anacardiaceae ◆ Weed

374 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Pistacia mutica Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Pitcairnia spicata (Lamarck) Mez cornifolium A.Cunn. Anacardiaceae Bromeliaceae Pittosporaceae Pistacia terebinthus L. Pitcairnia staminea Loddiges Pittosporum crassicaule Laing Anacardiaceae Bromeliaceae & Gourlay Pittosporaceae Pistacia vera L. Pitcairnia tabuliformis Linden Anacardiaceae Bromeliaceae Banks & Sol. ◆ Weed ex A.Cunn. Pitcairnia undulata Scheidw. Pittosporaceae stratiotes L. Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Araceae Pitcairnia wendlandii Baker ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Pittosporum dallii Cheeseman Bromeliaceae Pittosporaceae Pisum fulvum Sm. Pitcairnia xanthocalyx Mart. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pittosporum daphniphylloides Hayata Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed Pittosporaceae Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Pisum macrocarpum Ser. ex Schur Pittosporum eugenioides A.Cunn. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pittosporaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 = Pisum sativum L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Pithecellobium saman (Jacq.) Benth. Pisum sativum L. Pittosporum fairchildii Cheeseman Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pittosporaceae See: Pisum macrocarpum Ser. = (Jacq.) Merr. ◆ ex Schur Weed - 3 Pittosporum fasciculatum Hook. f. Pittosporaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3 - 5 Pithecellobium sonorae S.Watson = Banks Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Pitcairnia altensteinii Lem. & Sol. ex Gaertn. ssp. colensoi Bromeliaceae Pithecoctenium crucigerum (L.) (Hook. f.) Kirk A.H.Gentry Pitcairnia andreana Linden Pittosporum garnetii hort. Bignoniaceae Bromeliaceae Pittosporaceae ◆ Weed - N Pitcairnia atrorubens (Beer) Baker = Pittosporum tenuifolium Banks Bromeliaceae Pithecoctenium cynanchoides DC. & Sol ex Gaertner ‘Garnettii’ Bignoniaceae Pittosporum glabratum Lindl. Pitcairnia burle-marxii R.Braga & Sucre ◆ Weed - N - 1A Bromeliaceae Pittosporaceae Pithecoctenium echinatum (Jacq.) Pittosporum heterophyllum Franch. Pitcairnia carioana Wittmack Baill. Pittosporaceae Bromeliaceae Bignoniaceae Pittosporum hosmeri Rock Pitcairnia flammea Lindl. Pittosporum ambrense Cufod. Pittosporaceae Bromeliaceae Pittosporaceae Pittosporum huttonianum Kirk Pitcairnia heterophylla (Lindl.) Beer Pittosporum anomalum Laing Pittosporaceae Bromeliaceae & Gourlay P Pitcairnia imbricata (Brongn.) Regel Pittosporaceae Pittosporum illicioides Makino Pittosporaceae Bromeliaceae Pittosporum argentifolium Sherff Pitcairnia macrochlamys Mez Pittosporaceae Pittosporum kirkii Hook. f. ex Kirk Pittosporaceae Bromeliaceae Hook. X Pitcairnia maidifolia Decne. ex Planch. Vent. Pittosporum mannii Hook. f. Bromeliaceae Pittosporaceae Pittosporaceae Pitcairnia mirabilis Mez Pittosporum brevicalyx (Oliv.) Gagnep. Pittosporum michiei Allan Bromeliaceae Pittosporaceae Pittosporaceae Pitcairnia nuda Baker Pittosporum buchananii Hook. f. Pittosporum napaulense (DC.) Rehder Bromeliaceae Pittosporaceae & E.H.Wilson Pittosporaceae Pitcairnia oblanceolata L.B.Sm. Pittosporum cladanthum Sherff Bromeliaceae Pittosporaceae Pittosporum obcordatum Raoul = Pittosporum confertiflorum Pittosporaceae Pitcairnia paniculata (Ruiz & Pav.) A.Gray Ruiz & Pav. Pittosporum pentandrum (Blanco) Merr. Bromeliaceae Pittosporum colensoi Hook. f. Pittosporaceae Pittosporaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Pitcairnia pulverulenta Ruiz & Pav. Bromeliaceae Pittosporum confertiflorum A.Gray Pittosporum phillyreoides DC. Pittosporaceae Pittosporaceae Pitcairnia punicea Scheidw. See: Pittosporum cladanthum Sherff Bromeliaceae Pittosporum pimeleoides A.Cunn. Pittosporum coriaceum Aiton ex Putt. Pitcairnia recurvata (Scheidw.) K.Koch Pittosporaceae Pittosporaceae Bromeliaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 375 Pittosporum pullifolium Burkill Placea grandiflora Lem. Plantago cretica L. Pittosporaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N Pittosporum ralphii Kirk Placea lutea Phil. Pittosporaceae Liliaceae Plantago cunninghamii Decne. ◆ Weed - N - 2A Plantaginaceae Placea ornata Miers ex Lindl. ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A Pittosporum sahnianum Gowda Liliaceae Pittosporaceae Plantago eriopoda Torr. Plagianthus betulinus A.Cunn. Plantaginaceae Pittosporum tenuifolium Banks & Sol Malvaceae ex Gaertner Plantago juncoides Decne. Plagianthus divaricatus J.R.Forst. Pittosporaceae Plantaginaceae & G.Forst. See: Pittosporum fasciculatum = Plantago maritima L. var. Malvaceae Hook. f., Pittosporum garnetii hort. juncoides (Lam.) Gray ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Plagianthus regius (Poit.) Hochr. Plantago lanceolata L. Malvaceae Pittosporum timorense Blume Plantaginaceae Pittosporaceae Plagiobothrys canescens Benth. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Boraginaceae Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) W.T.Aiton Plantago lanigera Hook. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Pittosporaceae Plantaginaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Plagiochloa uniolae (L. f.) Adamson Plantago latifolia Salisb. & Sprague Pittosporum umbellatum Banks Plantaginaceae Poaceae & Soland ex Gaertn. = uniolae (L. f.) Renvoize Plantago major L. Pittosporaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Plantaginaceae Pittosporum undulatum Vent. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Plagiostachys lateralis Ridl. Pittosporaceae Zingiberaceae Plantago maritima L. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 Plantaginaceae Planchonella costata (Endl.) Pierre Pittosporum undulatum Vent. X See: Plantago juncoides Decne. Sapotaceae Pittosporum emmettii W.M.Curtis ◆ Weed Pittosporaceae Planchonella neo-caledonica Dubard Plantago nivalis Boiss. = Pittosporum undulatum Vent. Sapotaceae Plantaginaceae X Pittosporum bicolor Hook. Planchonella novo-zelandica (F.Müell.) ◆ Weed - Nn Plantago ovata Forssk. Allan Plantaginaceae Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims Sapotaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Pittosporaceae Plantago afra L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Plantago psyllium auct. non. L. Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Pityrogramma argentea (Willd.) See: Plantago psyllium auct. non. L. = Plantago afra L. Domin. ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 3 Pteridaceae P Plantago albicans L. Plantago scabra Moench nom. illeg. Pityrogramma austroamericana Domin Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Pteridaceae ◆ Weed - N = Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit. ◆ Weed - N Plantago arborescens Poir. ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link Plantaginaceae Plantago triandra Berggr. Pteridaceae Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit. Plantaginaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 Plantaginaceae ◆ Weed - N Pityrogramma chrysophylla (Sw.) Link See: Plantago scabra Moench, Plantago turrifera Briggs Carolin Pteridaceae nom. illeg. & Pulley ◆ Weed - N - 3 Pityrogramma ebenea (L.) Proctor Plantaginaceae Pteridaceae Plantago australis Lam. ◆ Weed - Nn See: Pityrogramma tartarea Plantaginaceae Plantago webbii Barn. (Cav.) Maxon ◆ Weed - N - 1A Plantaginaceae Pityrogramma sulphurea (Sw.) Maxon Plantago bellardii All. Platanthera bifolia (L.) Richard Pteridaceae Plantaginaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Pityrogramma tartarea (Cav.) Maxon ◆ Weed Pteridaceae Plantago camtschatica Cham. Platanthera clavellata (Michx.) Luer = Pityrogramma ebenea (L.) Proctor Plantaginaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Placea amoena Phil. See: Habenaria clavellata (Michx.) Liliaceae Plantago coronopus L. Spreng. Plantaginaceae Placea arzae Phil. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Liliaceae

376 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status X acerifolia (Aiton) Willd. wandae Racib. Plectranthus esculentus N.E.Br. Polypodiaceae Lamiaceae = Platanus occidentalis L. X Platanus Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco Plectranthus forsteri Benth. orientalis L. Cupressaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A See: Biota orientalis (L.) Endl., Plectranthus fruticosus L’Hérit. Platanus digitata Steud. Thuja orientalis L. Lamiaceae Platanaceae ◆ Weed - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 2 Platanus X hispanica Mill ex Münchh. Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. Plectranthus glaucocalyx Maxim. Platanaceae Campanulaceae Lamiaceae = Platanus occidentalis L. X Platanus ◆ Weed orientalis L. Plectranthus grandidentatus Guerke Platyopuntia viridirubra F.Ritter See: Platanus hybridus Brot. Lamiaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Plectranthus hadiensis (Forssk.) Platytheca verticillata (Walp.) Baill. Platanus hybridus Brot. Schweinf. ex Spreng. Tremandraceae Platanaceae Lamiaceae = Platanus X hispanica Mill Plecostachys serpyllifolia (Berg.) Plectranthus hereroensis Engl. ex Münchh. Hilliard & B.L.Burtt. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Asteraceae ◆ Weed Plectranthus hilliardiae Codd Platanus mexicana Moric. Lamiaceae Platanaceae Plectocomia himalayana Griff. Arecaceae Plectranthus japonicus (Thunb.) Koidz. Platanus occidentalis L. Lamiaceae Platanaceae Plectranthus ambiguus (Bolus) Codd ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Plectranthus mandalensis Baker Lamiaceae Platanus occidentalis L. X Platanus Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. orientalis L. Lamiaceae Plectranthus myrianthus Briq. Platanaceae See: Coleus amboinicus Lour. Lamiaceae See: Platanus X hispanica Mill ex ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Plectranthus neochilus Schltr Münchh., Platanus hybridus Brot. Plectranthus arabicus E.A.Bruce Lamiaceae Platanus orientalis L. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 5 Platanaceae Plectranthus barbatus Andrews Plectranthus oertendahlii T.C.E.Fr. ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Platanus racemosa Nutt. ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A Platanaceae Plectranthus caninus Roth Plectranthus ornatus Codd Platanus wrightii S.Watson Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Platanaceae See: Coleus spicatus Benth. ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - N Platycapnos saxicola Willk. Plectranthus parviflorus Willd. P Papaveraceae Plectranthus chimanimanensis S.Moore Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Platycapnos spicata (L.) Bernh. Papaveraceae Plectranthus ciliatus E.Mey. Plectranthus pentheri (Gürke) van ◆ Weed - N - 3 Lamiaceae Jaarsv. & T.J.Edwards ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 Lamiaceae Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. & Zucc. Juglandaceae Plectranthus coleoides Benth. Plectranthus purpuratus Harv. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Platycerium alcicorne Desv. Polypodiaceae Plectranthus comosus Sims Plectranthus rehmannii Güerke Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Platycerium andinum Baker ◆ Weed - 2 - 4 - 5 Polypodiaceae Plectranthus saccatus Benth. Plectranthus discolor Dunn Lamiaceae Platycerium angolense Welw. ex Hook. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Polypodiaceae Plectranthus dolichopodus Briq. Plectranthus sphaerophyllus Baker Platycerium coronarium (J.Konig Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ex O.F.Müll.) Desv. Polypodiaceae Plectranthus ecklonii Benth. Plectranthus spicatus E.Mey. ex Benth. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Platycerium grande (Fee) Kunze ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 Polypodiaceae Plectranthus trichocarpus Maxim. Plectranthus effusus (Maxim.) Honda Lamiaceae Platycerium ridleyi Christ Lamiaceae Polypodiaceae Plectranthus venteri E.Van Jaarsveld Plectranthus ernstii Codd & A.Hankey Platycerium stemaria (P.Beauv.) Desv. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Polypodiaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 377 Plectranthus verticillatus (L. f.) Druce Pleioblastus tsukubensis Nakai Pleiospilos magnipunctatus (Haw.) Lamiaceae Poaceae Schwantes ◆ Weed - N Aizoaceae Pleioblastus variegatus (Siebold Plectranthus zuluensis T.Cooke ex Miq.) Makino Pleiospilos minor L.Bolus Lamiaceae Poaceae Aizoaceae = Arundinaria variegata (Siebold Plectrelminthus caudatus (Lindl.) Pleiospilos nelii Schwant. ex Miq.) Makino Summerh. Aizoaceae ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Pleiospilos nobilis (Haw.) Schwantes Pleioblastus viridistriatus (Regel) Makino Plectronia hookeriana Domin. Aizoaceae Poaceae Oliniaceae = Arundinaria viridistriata (Regel) Pleiospilos peersii L.Bolus Pleioblastus argenteostriatus (Regel) Makino ex Nakai Aizoaceae Nakai Pleiogynium cerasiferum (F.Müell.) Poaceae Pleiospilos prismaticus Schwantes R.Parker Aizoaceae Pleioblastus auricomus (Mitford) Anacardiaceae D.C.McClint. Pleiospilos purpusii Schwantes Pleiogynium timoriense (DC.) Leenh. Poaceae Aizoaceae Anacardiaceae = Arundinaria viridistriata (Regel) Pleiospilos simulans N.E.Br. Makino ex Nakai Pleione aurita P.J.Cribb & Pfennig Aizoaceae ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Pleiospilos willowmorensis L.Bolus Pleioblastus chino (Franch. & Sav.) Pleione bulbocodioides (Franch.) Rolfe Aizoaceae Makino Orchidaceae Poaceae Pleocnemia cumingiana C.Presl Pleione formosana Hayata = Arundinaria chino (Franch. & Sav.) Dryopteridaceae Orchidaceae Makino Pleocnemia macrodonta (Fée) Holttum ◆ Weed - 2 Pleione humilis (Sm.) D.Don Dryopteridaceae Orchidaceae Pleioblastus distichus (Mitford) Nakai Pleomele goldieana N.E.Br. Poaceae Pleione limprichtii Schltr. Agavaceae Orchidaceae Pleioblastus fortunei (Van Houtte) Nakai Pleomele hookeriana (K.Koch) N.E.Br. Poaceae Pleione maculata Lindl. & Paxton Agavaceae = Sasa fortunei (Van Houtte) Fiori Orchidaceae Pleomele marginata N.E.Br. Pleioblastus gramineus (Bean) Nakai Pleione pleionoides (Kraenzl. ex Diels) Agavaceae Poaceae Braem & H.Mohr = Arundinaria graminea (Bean) Orchidaceae Pleomele reflexa N.E.Br. Makino See: Pleione speciosa Ames & Schltr. Agavaceae ◆ Weed nom. illeg. Pleomele sanderiana N.E.Br. Pleioblastus hindsii (Munro) Nakai Agavaceae P Pleione praecox (Sm.) D.Don Poaceae Orchidaceae Pleomele surculosa N.E.Br. = Arundinaria hindsii Munro Pleione speciosa Ames & Schltr. Agavaceae ◆ Weed nom. illeg. Pleopeltis excavata (Bory ex Willd.) Pleioblastus humilis (Mitford) Nakai Orchidaceae T.Moore Poaceae = Pleione pleionoides (Kraenzl. Polypodiaceae ◆ Weed ex Diels) Braem & H.Mohr Pleopeltis lanceolata (L.) C.Presl Pleioblastus linearis (Hack.) Nakai Pleione yunnanensis (Rolfe) Rolfe Polypodiaceae Poaceae Orchidaceae = Arundinaria linearis Hack. Pleopeltis macrocarpa (Willd.) Kaulf. Pleiospilos bolusii (Hook. f.) N.E.Br. Pleioblastus nagashima (Lat.-Marl. Polypodiaceae Aizoaceae ex Mitford) Nakai Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews Poaceae Pleiospilos dekenahi Schwantes & Windham Aizoaceae Pleioblastus pygmaeus (Miq.) Nakai Polypodiaceae Poaceae Pleiospilos dimidiatus L.Bol. See: Polypodium polypodioides (L.) = Arundinaria pygmaea (Miq.) Aizoaceae Watt Asch. & Graebn. Pleiospilos fergusoniae L.Bolus Pleopeltis uchiyamae (Makino) Ohwi ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Aizoaceae Polypodiaceae Pleioblastus shibuyanus Nakai Pleiospilos kingiae L.Bolus Pleroma sarmentosum Hook. f. Poaceae Aizoaceae Melastomataceae Pleioblastus simonii (Carrière) Nakai Pleiospilos latifolius L. Poaceae Pleurocalyptus austrocaledonicus Aizoaceae = Arundinaria simonii (Carriere) (Guillaumin) J.Wyndham Dawson Myrtaceae Riviere & C.Riviere Pleiospilos longibracteatus L.Bolus ◆ Weed - 2 Aizoaceae

378 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Pleurocalyptus pancheri (Brongn. Plumbago auriculata Lam. Poa cita Edgar & Griseb.) J.Wyndham Dawson Plumbaginaceae Poaceae Myrtaceae See: Plumbago capensis Thunb. ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 Pleuropetalum darwinii Hook. f. Poa colensoi Hook. f. Amaranthaceae Plumbago capensis Thunb. Poaceae Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed - 1A Pleurophyllum hookeri Buchanan = Plumbago auriculata Lam. Asteraceae L. Plumbago coccinea Salisb. Poaceae Pleuropterus multiflorus (Thunb.) Turcz. Plumbaginaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Polygonaceae See: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Plumbago indica L. Poa cookii Hook. f. ◆ Weed Plumbaginaceae Poaceae See: Plumbago rosea L. Pleurostima fanniae N.L.Menezes ◆ Weed Poa crassicaulis Pilg. Velloziaceae Poaceae Plumbago rosea L. Pleurothallis aphthosa Lindl. Plumbaginaceae Poa digitata R.Br. Orchidaceae = Plumbago indica L. Poaceae Pleurothallis caespitosa Barb.Rodr. Plumbago scandens L. Poa foliosa Hook. f. Orchidaceae Plumbaginaceae Poaceae ◆ Pleurothallis deregularis (Barb.Rodr.) Weed - 3 Poa holciformis J.Presl. Luer Plumeria acuminata Ait. Poaceae Orchidaceae Apocynaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Pleurothallis ghiesbreghtiana A.Rich. Kunth & Gal. Plumeria acutifolia Poir. Poaceae Orchidaceae Apocynaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 = Pleurothallis racemiflora Lindl. = Plumeria rubra L. f. acutifolia L. Poa iridifolia Hauman ex Lodd. Plumeria alba L. Poaceae Pleurothallis grobyi J.Bateman ex Lindl. Apocynaceae Steud. Orchidaceae Plumeria obtusa L. Poaceae Pleurothallis imperialis Luer Apocynaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Poa lanuginosa Poir. Pleurothallis ionantha Rchb. f. Plumeria obtusifolia Steud. Poaceae Orchidaceae Apocynaceae Poa litorosa Cheeseman Pleurothallis ospinae Schult. Plumeria pudica Jacq. Poaceae Orchidaceae Apocynaceae See: Festuca scoparia Hook. f. Pleurothallis quadrifida (Llave Plumeria rubra L. Poa nemoralis L. & Lex.) Lindl. Apocynaceae Poaceae P Orchidaceae See: Plumeria acutifolia Poir. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Pleurothallis racemiflora Lindl. ex Lodd. L. Orchidaceae Plumeria stenopetala Urb. Poaceae See: Pleurothallis ghiesbreghtiana Apocynaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 A.Rich. & Gal. Plumeria stenophylla Urb. Poa sieberana Spreng. Pleurothallis sonderiana Rchb. f. Apocynaceae Poaceae Orchidaceae Pneumatopteris nitidula (C.Presl) Spreng. Pleurothallis stenostachya Rchb. f. Holttum Poaceae Orchidaceae Thelypteridaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Pleurothallis tribuloides (Sw.) Lindl. Poa alpina L. L. Orchidaceae Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm. L. Tricholomataceae Podachaenium eminens (Lag.) Sch.Bip. Poaceae Asteraceae Plocoglottis lowii Rchb. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed Orchidaceae Poa australis R.Br. Podalyria biflora Lam. Ploiarium alternifolium (Vahl) Melchior Poaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Bonnetiaceae Poa binata Nees Podalyria calyptrata (Retz.) Willd. camphorata (L.) DC. Poaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae L. ◆ Weed - 3 Podalyria cuneifolia Vent. Poaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 379 Podalyria sericea R.Br. Podocarpus koordersii Pilger ex Koord. Podophyllum peltatum L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae & Valet. Berberidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Podocarpaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Podanthus ovatifolius Lag. Podocarpus ladei F.M.Bailey Podophyllum versipelle Hance Asteraceae Podocarpaceae Berberidaceae Podocarpus acutifolia Kirk. Podocarpus lambertii Klotzsch ex Endl. Podospermum resedifolium (L.) DC. Podocarpaceae Podocarpaceae Asteraceae = laciniata L. var. Podocarpus affinis Seem. Podocarpus latifolius (Thunb.) R.Br. calcitrapifolia (Vahl) Bisch. ex Boiss. Podocarpaceae ex Mirb. ◆ Weed Podocarpaceae Podocarpus alpinus R.Br. ex Hook. f. Podranea brycei (N.E.Br.) Sprague Podocarpaceae Podocarpus longefoliolatus Pilger Bignoniaceae Podocarpaceae Podocarpus andinus Poepp. ex Endl. Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague Podocarpaceae Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Bignoniaceae Sweet Podocarpus aristulatus Parl. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Podocarpaceae Podocarpaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Poellnitzia rubriflora (L.Bolus) Uitewaal Podocarpus brassii Pilger Aloeaceae Podocarpus mannii Hook. f. Podocarpaceae Podocarpaceae Pogogyne douglasii Benth. Podocarpus chinensis (Roxb.) Wall. Lamiaceae Podocarpus milanjianus Rendle ex Endl. Podocarpaceae Pogonatherum saccharoideum P.Beauv. Podocarpaceae Poaceae Podocarpus montana (Humb. Podocarpus cunninghamii Colenso & Bonpl. ex Willd.) de Laub. Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. Podocarpaceae Podocarpaceae Lamiaceae Podocarpus dacrydioides A.Rich. ◆ Weed Podocarpus montanus Lodd. Podocarpaceae Podocarpaceae Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. = Dacrycarpus dacrydioides (A.Rich.) Lamiaceae de Laub. Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don Podocarpaceae Pogostemon patchouly Pellet. Podocarpus dawei Stapf Lamiaceae Podocarpaceae Podocarpus nivalis Hook. Podocarpaceae Poikilospermum cordifolium (Barg.- Podocarpus decumbens Gray Petr.) Merr. Podocarpaceae Podocarpus nubigenus Lindl. Cecropiaceae Podocarpaceae Podocarpus degeneri (N.E.Gray) Polaskia chende (Gosselin) A.C.Gibson de Laub. Podocarpus oleifolius D.Don & K.E.Horak Podocarpaceae Podocarpaceae Cactaceae Podocarpus elongatus (Aiton) L’Hérit. Podocarpus polystachyus R.Br. ex Endl. P Polaskia chichipe (Gosselin) Backeb. ex Pers. Podocarpaceae Cactaceae Podocarpaceae Podocarpus salignus D.Don Polemonium boreale Adams Podocarpus falcatus (Thunb.) R.Br. Podocarpaceae Polemoniaceae ex Mirb. Podocarpus taxifolia (Banks & Sol. Podocarpaceae Polemonium brandegei (Gray) Greene ex D.Don) de Laub. Polemoniaceae Podocarpus fasciculus de Laub. Podocarpaceae Podocarpaceae Polemonium caeruleum L. Podocarpus totara G.Benn. ex D.Don Polemoniaceae Podocarpus ferruginea (G.Benn. Podocarpaceae See: Polemonium cashmerianum ex D.Don) de Laub. ◆ Weed nom. inval. Podocarpaceae Podochilus khasianus Hook. f. ◆ Weed - 5 Podocarpus gnidioides Carrière Orchidaceae Polemonium carneum A.Gray Podocarpaceae Podocoma hieracifolia (Poir.) Cass. Polemoniaceae Podocarpus gracilior Pilg. Asteraceae Polemonium cashmerianum nom. inval. Podocarpaceae Podophyllum emodi Wall. ex Polemoniaceae = Afrocarpus gracilior (Pilg.) C.N.Page Honigberger = Polemonium caeruleum L. de Laub. Berberidaceae Polemonium confertum Gray Podocarpaceae = Podophyllum hexandrum Royle Polemoniaceae Podocarpus hallii Kirk Podophyllum hexandrum Royle Polemonium flavum Greene Podocarpaceae Berberidaceae Polemoniaceae See: Podophyllum emodi Wall. Podocarpus henkelii Stapf ex Dallim. = Polemonium foliosissimum A.Gray ex Honigberger & Jacks. var. flavum (Greene) Anway ◆ Weed - 2 Podocarpaceae

380 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Polemonium foliosissimum A.Gray Polycarena heterophylla (L. f.) Levyns Polygala virgata Thunb. Polemoniaceae Scrophulariaceae Polygalaceae See: Polemonium flavum Greene misapp. in Australia = Phyllopodium ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - 2 cordatum (Thunb.) O.M.Hilliard Polygala vulgaris L. ◆ Weed - N Polemonium himalayanum (Baker) Polygalaceae Klokov Polycarena rariflora Benth. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Polemoniaceae Scrophulariaceae Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott ◆ Weed - N Polemonium liniflorum V.Vassil. Convallariaceae Polemoniaceae Polycarpaea brevifolia Müell. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Caryophyllaceae Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle Polemonium mexicanum Cerv. ex Lag. Polycarpon prostratum (Forssk.) Pax Convallariaceae Polemoniaceae Caryophyllaceae Polygonatum falcatum A.Gray ◆ Weed - N Polemonium pauciflorum S.Watson Convallariaceae Polemoniaceae Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Caryophyllaceae Polygonatum filipes Merr. ex C.Jeffrey ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Polemonium pulcherrimum Hook. & J.McEwan Polemoniaceae Polygala calcarea F.Schultz Convallariaceae ◆ Weed Polygalaceae Polygonatum hirsutum (Bosc Polemonium reptans L. Polygala chamaebuxus L. ex Poir.) Pursh Polemoniaceae Polygalaceae Convallariaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed See: Polygonatum latifolium (Jacq.) Desf. Polemonium richardsonii Graham Polygala chinensis L. ◆ Weed Polemoniaceae Polygalaceae ◆ Weed - N Polygonatum hookeri Baker Polemonium viscosum Nutt. Convallariaceae Polemoniaceae Polygala X dalmaisiana hort. Polygalaceae Polygonatum humile Fisch. Polemonium yezoense Kitam. = Polygala fruticosa P.J.Bergius Convallariaceae Polemoniaceae X L. ◆ Weed Polygonatum X hybridum Brügger Polygala duartena St.Hil. Convallariaceae Polianthes geminiflora (La Llave Polygalaceae = Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) & Lex.) Rose ◆ Weed - N All. X Polygonatum odoratum Agavaceae (Mill.) Druce Polygala fruticosa P.J.Bergius Polianthes guttata (Jacobi ◆ Weed - N Polygalaceae & C.D.Bouché) Shinners See: Polygala oppositifolia L. Polygonatum latifolium (Jacq.) Desf. Agavaceae ◆ Weed Convallariaceae Polianthes maculosa (Hook.) Shinners = Polygonatum hirsutum (Bosc Polygala grandiflora Walt. P Agavaceae ex Poir.) Pursh Polygalaceae = Manfreda maculosa (Hook.) Rose ◆ Weed Polygala monspeliaca L. Polianthes tuberosa L. Polygonatum macranthum Koidz. Polygalaceae Agavaceae Convallariaceae ◆ Weed - N Poliothyrsis sinensis Oliv. Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. Polygala myrtifolia L. Flacourtiaceae Convallariaceae Polygalaceae ◆ Weed Pollia japonica Thunb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Commelinaceae Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. Polygala oppositifolia L. X Polygonatum odoratum (Miller) Pollichia campestris Aiton Polygalaceae Druce Caryophyllaceae = Polygala fruticosa P.J.Bergius Convallariaceae Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Benth. Polygala paniculata L.Folsom See: Polygonatum X hybridum & Hook. f. Polygalaceae Brügger Annonaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 Polyalthia obtusa Craib Polygala sinaica Botsch. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce Annonaceae Polygalaceae Convallariaceae ◆ Weed Polyandrococos caudescens (Mart.) Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Barb.Rodr. Polygalaceae Polygonatum officinale All. Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Convallariaceae Polybotrya cervina (L.) Kaulf. Polygala vayredae Costa Polygonatum oppositifolium Dryopteridaceae Polygalaceae (Wall.) Royle = Olfersia cervina (L.) Kunze Convallariaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 381 Polygonatum prattii Baker Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. Polygonum virginianum L. Convallariaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae = Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) See: Antenoron virginianum (L.) Polygonatum pubescens (Willd.) Pursh. Ronse Decr. Roberty & Vautier, Persicaria Convallariaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 virginiana (L.) Gaertn., Tovara ◆ Weed - 2 virginiana (L.) Raf. Polygonum ellipticum Willd. ex Spreng. Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. ◆ Weed - 2 Polygonaceae Convallariaceae Polylepis australis Bitt. ◆ Weed - 3 Polygonum emodi Meisn. Rosaceae Polygonaceae Polygonum affine D.Don Polymnia connata (Spreng.) S.F.Blake Polygonaceae Polygonum equisetiforme Sm. Asteraceae Polygonaceae Polygonum amphibium L. ◆ Weed - 3 Polymnia sonchifolia Poepp. & Endl. Polygonaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Polygonum filiforme Thunb. = Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. Polygonaceae Polygonum amplexicaule D.Don & Endl.) H.Rob. Polygonaceae Polygonum glabrum Willd. Polypodium acrostichoides Buch.-Ham. ◆ Weed - 3 Polygonaceae ex D.Don = Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M. Gomez Polygonum arenastrum Jord. ex Boreau Polypodiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Polygonaceae Polypodium angustifolium Swartz ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 - 5 Polygonum hydropiper L. Polypodiaceae Polygonaceae Polygonum argyrocoleon Steud. = Campyloneurum angustifolium See: Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach ex Kunze (Sw.) Fee ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Polygonaceae Polypodium aspidiolepis Baker ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 5 Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Polypodiaceae Polygonaceae Polygonum aubertii L.Henry = Pleuropterus multiflorus Polypodium australe Fée Polygonaceae (Thunb.) Turcz. Polypodiaceae See: Fallopia aubertii (L.Henry) ◆ Weed Holub Polypodium billardierei (Willd.) C.Chr. ◆ Weed - 1 Polygonum nepalense Meissn. Polypodiaceae Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare L. Polypodium californicum Kaulf. ◆ Weed - 3 Polygonaceae Polypodiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Polygonum odoratum Lour. Polypodium cambricum L. Polygonaceae Polygonum baldschuanicum Regel Polypodiaceae Polygonaceae Polygonum orientale L. ◆ Weed See: Fallopia baldschuanica Polygonaceae Polypodium crassifolium L. (Regel) Holub ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 Polypodiaceae ◆ Weed P Polygonum paleaceum Wall. = Niphidium crassifolium (L.) Polygonum bellardii All. Polygonaceae Lellinger Polygonaceae Polygonum patulum M.Bieb. Polypodium feuillei Bertero ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 Polygonaceae Polypodiaceae Polygonum bistorta L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Polypodium formosanum Baker Polygonaceae Polygonum persicaria L. Polypodiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Polygonaceae Polypodium fraxinifolium Polygonum campanulatum Hook. f. = Persicaria maculosa S.F.Gray Jacq.McPherson Polygonaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Polypodiaceae See: Persicaria campanulata Polygonum reynoutria Makino (Hook. f.) Ronse Decr. Polypodium furfuraceum Schltdl. Polygonaceae ◆ Weed & Cham. Polygonum sachalinense F.Schmidt Polypodiaceae Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham. Polygonaceae ex D.Don Polypodium grandiceps Nichols. = Fallopia sachalinensis (Schmidt) Polygonaceae Polypodiaceae Ronse Decr. = Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Polypodium interjectum Shivas ex D.Don) H.Gross Polypodiaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 Polygonum tenuicaule Biss. & S.Moore Polygonaceae Polypodium japonicum Houtt. Polygonum convolvulus L. Polypodiaceae Polygonaceae Polygonum vaccinifolium Wall. = Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á.Löve ex Meisn. Polypodium loriceum L.Croat ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Polygonaceae Polypodiaceae Polypodium niponicum Mett. Polypodiaceae

382 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Polypodium pappei Mett balfouriana (Sander) Polystachya pubescens Reichb. f. Polypodiaceae L.H.Bailey Orchidaceae Araliaceae Polypodium pellucidum Kaulfuss Polystachya spatella Kraenzl. = (Burm. f.) Polypodiaceae Orchidaceae Fosberg Polypodium persicifolium Desv. Polystachya tenuissima Kraenzl. Polyscias filicifolia (C.Moore ex Fourn.) Polypodiaceae Orchidaceae L.H.Bailey Polypodium polycarpon Cav. Araliaceae Polystachya zambesiaca Rolfe Polypodiaceae Orchidaceae (L.) Harms Polypodium polypodioides (L.) Watt Araliaceae acrostichoides (Michx.) Polypodiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Schott = Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Dryopteridaceae Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms Andrews & Windham ◆ Weed - 2 Araliaceae Polypodium punctatum Spruce ex Hook. Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth Polyscias grandifolia Volkens Polypodiaceae Dryopteridaceae Araliaceae ◆ Weed Polypodium rhodopleuron Kunze (W.Bull) L.H.Bailey Polypodiaceae Polystichum andersonii Hopkins Araliaceae Dryopteridaceae Polypodium scolopendria Burm. f. ◆ Weed Polypodiaceae Polystichum aquilinum Copel. (Sieber ex DC.) = Phymatosorus scolopendria Dryopteridaceae Harms (Burm. f.) Pic.Serm. Araliaceae Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fee Polypodium subauriculatum Blume ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Dryopteridaceae Polypodiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Polyscias scutellaria (Burm. f.) Fosberg Polypodium vacciniifolium Langsd. Araliaceae Polystichum dudleyi Maxon & Fisch. See: Polyscias balfouriana (Sander) Dryopteridaceae Polypodiaceae L.H.Bailey Polystichum echinatum (Gmel.) C.Chr. ◆ Weed Polypodium vulgare L. Dryopteridaceae Polypodiaceae Polyspora tonkinensis (Pit.) See: Polystichum triangulum auct. ◆ Weed B.M.Barthol. & T.L.Ming non. (L.) Fee Theaceae Polypogon chilensis (Kunth) Pilg. Polystichum formosanum Rosenst. See: Gordonia tonkinensis Pit. Poaceae Dryopteridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Polystachya adansoniae Reichb. f. Polystichum horizontale C.Presl Orchidaceae Polypogon littoralis Smith Dryopteridaceae Poaceae Polystachya bicarinata Rendle Polystichum lentum (D.Don) T.Moore = X Agropogon littoralis (Sm.) Orchidaceae Dryopteridaceae C.E.Hubb. Polystachya campyloglossa Rolfe P ◆ Weed Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth Orchidaceae Dryopteridaceae Polypogon maritimus Willd. Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae & Sweet ◆ Weed - N - 1A Polystichum makinoi (Tagawa) Tagawa Orchidaceae Dryopteridaceae (L.) Desf. See: Polystachya luteola (Swartz) Poaceae Hook. Polystichum munitum (Kaulf.) C.Presl ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed Dryopteridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Polypogon tenellus R.Br. Polystachya fallax Kraenzl. Poaceae Orchidaceae Polystichum polyblepharum C.Presl ◆ Weed - Nn Dryopteridaceae Polystachya lindblomii Schltr. ◆ Weed Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Orchidaceae Poaceae Polystichum retroso-paleaceum Polystachya luteola (Swartz) Hook. See: Agrostis viridis Gouan (Kodama) Tagawa Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Dryopteridaceae = Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay Polypompholyx multifida (R.Br.) F.Müell. & Sweet Polystichum richardii (Hook.) J.Smith Lentibulariaceae Dryopteridaceae Polystachya mukandaensis De Wild. Polypompholyx tenella (R.Br.) Lehm. Orchidaceae Polystichum rigens Tagawa Lentibulariaceae Dryopteridaceae Polystachya ottoniana Reichb. f. Polypremum procumbens L. Orchidaceae Polystichum scopulinum (D.Eaton) Loganiaceae Maxon Polystachya paniculata (Sw.) Rolfe ◆ Weed - N Dryopteridaceae Orchidaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 383 Polystichum setiferum (Forssk.) Woyn. Pometia pinnata J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. euphratica Oliv. Dryopteridaceae Sapindaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Polystichum silvaticum (Col.) Diels Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. Populus euroamericana (Dode) Guinier Dryopteridaceae Rutaceae Salicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 5 Polystichum tagawanum Kurata Populus generosa A.Henry Dryopteridaceae Pongelion vilmorinianum Tiegh. Salicaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae = Populus X jackii Sarg. Polystichum triangulum auct. non. (L.) Fee Pontederia cordata L. Populus X gileadensis Rouleau Dryopteridaceae Pontederiaceae Salicaceae = Polystichum echinatum (Gmel.) See: Pontederia lanceolata Nutt. = Populus deltoides W.Bartram C.Chr. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 ex Marshall X Populus balsamifera L. [most probable combination] Polystichum tripteron (Kunze) C.Presl Pontederia lanceolata Nutt. ◆ Weed Dryopteridaceae Pontederiaceae = Pontederia cordata L. Populus grandidentata Michx. Polystichum tsus-simense (Hook.) J.Sm. ◆ Weed - 3 Salicaceae Dryopteridaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed Ponthieva maculata Lindl. Orchidaceae Populus X jackii Sarg. Polystichum vestitum (Forst. f.) Salicaceae K.B.Presl Populus X acuminata Rydb. = Populus deltoides Marsh. Dryopteridaceae Salicaceae X Populus balsamifera L. Polystichum whiteleggii Watts L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Dryopteridaceae Salicaceae Populus lasiocarpa Oliv. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Polytrichum commune Hedw. Salicaceae Polytrichaceae Populus angulata Aiton Populus maximowiczii A.Henry Salicaceae Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. Salicaceae = Populus deltoides W.Bartram Polytrichaceae ex Marshall Populus monilifera Ait. Polyxena angustifolia Bak. ◆ Weed Salicaceae Liliaceae = Populus deltoides W.Bartram Populus balsamifera L. ex Marshall ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Polyxena corymbosa (L.) Jessop Salicaceae Eckenwalder Liliaceae See: Populus tacamahaca P.Mill. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 L. Polyxena ensifolia (Thunb) Schonl Salicaceae Liliaceae Populus X canadensis Moench ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Salicaceae Polyxena haemanthoides (Bak.) = Populus deltoides W.Bartram Populus pseudograndidentata Dode C.Mueller ex Marshall X Populus nigra L. Salicaceae P Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 Populus X robusta C.K.Schneid. Polyxena maughanii W.F.Baker Populus candicans Ait. Salicaceae Liliaceae Salicaceae Populus simonii Carrière Polyxena odorata Nichols. ◆ Weed Salicaceae Liliaceae Populus X canescens (Aiton) Sm. ◆ Weed Polyxena paucifolia (W.F.Barker) Salicaceae Populus szechuanica C.K.Schneid. A.M.van der Merwe & J.C.Manning = Populus alba L. X Populus tremula L. Salicaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Populus tacamahaca P.Mill. Polyxena pygmaea Kunth Populus cathayana Rehder Salicaceae Liliaceae Salicaceae = Populus balsamifera L aspera DC. Populus ciliata Wall. ex Royle Populus tremula L. Rhamnaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Populus deltoides W.Bartram ◆ Weed - N - 1A Pomaderris kumeraho A.Cunn. ex Marshall Populus tremuloides Michx. Rhamnaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae See: Populus angulata Aiton, Populus F.Müell. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 monilifera Ait. ex Reissek ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A.Gray Rhamnaceae Salicaceae Populus deltoides W.Bartram ex Pomaderris rugosa Cheeseman = Populus balsamifera L. ssp. Marshall X Populus yunnanensis Rhamnaceae trichocarpa (Torr. & A.Gray) Dode Brayshaw Pomatocalpa latifolium (Lindl.) J.J.Sm. Salicaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Orchidaceae

384 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Populus yunnanensis Dode Potamogeton crispus L. Potentilla crantzii (Crantz) Beck Salicaceae ex Fritsch ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Rosaceae = Potentilla neumanniana Reichenb. Porana paniculata Roxb. Potamogeton pectinatus L. ◆ Weed Convolvulaceae Potamogetonaceae = Poranopsis paniculata (Roxb.) ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Potentilla cuneata Wall. Roberty Rosaceae Potamogeton praelongus Wulf. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Potamogetonaceae Poranopsis paniculata (Roxb.) Roberty ◆ Weed - N - 3 Potentilla delphinensis Gren. & Godr. Convolvulaceae Rosaceae See: Porana paniculata Roxb. Potamogeton tricarinatus F.Müell. ◆ Weed - 2 & A.Benn. Potentilla dombeyi Nestl. Potamogetonaceae Rosaceae Porphyrocoma pohliana (Nees) Lindau ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Acanthaceae Potentilla drummondii Lehm. Potentilla agyrophylla Wall. & Lehm. Rosaceae Porphyroglottis maxwelliae Ridl. Rosaceae See: Potentilla breweri S.Wats. Orchidaceae Potentilla alba L. Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch. Portea alatisepala Philcox Rosaceae Rosaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 See: Potentilla tormentilla (Stokes) Neck. Portea fosteriana L.B.Smith Potentilla alchemilloides Lapeyr. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Bromeliaceae Rosaceae Potentilla eriocarpa Wall. ex Lehm. Portea kermesina Brongn. ex K.Koch Potentilla ambigua Cambess. Rosaceae Bromeliaceae Rosaceae Portea petropolitana (Wawra) Mez Potentilla fissa Nutt. Potentilla anglica Laichard. Bromeliaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Porteranthus stipulatus (Muhl. ◆ Weed - N Potentilla fragiformis Willd. ex Schlecht. ex Willd.) Britton Rosaceae Potentilla anserina L. Rosaceae ◆ Weed Rosaceae See: Gillenia stipulata (Muhl. = Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb. Potentilla frigida Villars ex Willd.) Baill. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 Rosaceae Portlandia grandiflora L. Potentilla argentea L. Potentilla fruticosa L. Rubiaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Portulaca grandiflora Hook. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 = Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. Portulacaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Potentilla argyrophylla Wall. ex Lehm. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 Rosaceae Potentilla fulgens Wall. ex Lehm. Portulaca lutea Soland. ex G.Forst. = Potentilla atrosanguinea G.Lodd. Rosaceae Portulacaceae var. argyrophylla (Wall. ex Lehm.) P Potentilla geoides Bieb. Grierson & D.G.Long Portulaca molokiniensis Hobdy Rosaceae Portulacaceae Potentilla atrosanguinea G.Lodd. Potentilla glandulosa Lindl. Rosaceae Portulaca oleracea L. Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Portulacaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Potentilla aurea L. Potentilla gracilis Douglas ex Hook. Rosaceae Portulaca pilosa L. Rosaceae ◆ Weed Portulacaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3A Potentilla breweri S.Wats. Potentilla grandiflora L. Rosaceae Portulaca villosa Cham. Rosaceae Portulacaceae = Potentilla drummondii Lehm. ssp. breweri (S.Wats.) Ertter Potentilla haynaldiana Janka Portulacaria afra (L.) Jacq. Rosaceae Portulacaceae Potentilla chrysantha Trevir. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Rosaceae Potentilla heptaphylla L. ◆ Weed Rosaceae Posoqueria multiflora Lem. Rubiaceae Potentilla cinerea Chaix. ex Villars Potentilla hippiana Lehm. Rosaceae Rosaceae Potamogeton acutifolius Link ex Roem. ◆ Weed & Schult. Potentilla hookeriana Lehm. Potamogetonaceae Potentilla collina Wibel Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N Rosaceae Potentilla indica (Andrews) Th.Wolf ◆ Weed Potamogeton alpinus Balb. Rosaceae Potamogetonaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 385 Potentilla intermedia L. Poterium sanguisorba L. Pratia nummularia (Lam.) A.Braun Rosaceae Rosaceae & Asch. ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 = Sanguisorba minor Scop. Campanulaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Potentilla megalantha Takeda Rosaceae Pothuava kleinii (Reitz) L.B.Sm. Pratia pedunculata (R.Br.) Benth. & W.J.Kress Campanulaceae Potentilla montegrina Pant. Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Rosaceae See: Aechmea kleinii Reitz. Pratia physaloides (A.Cunn.) Hemsl. Potentilla nepalensis Hook. Poupartia fordii Hemsl. Campanulaceae Rosaceae Anacardiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Pratia purpurascens (R.Br.) E.Wimm. Pourouma cecropiifolia Mart. Campanulaceae Potentilla neumanniana Rchb. Cecropiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Rosaceae See: Potentilla crantzii (Crantz) Pourthiaea beauverdiana Praxelis clematidea (Griseb.) R.M.King Beck ex Fritsch, Potentilla (C.K.Schneid.) Hatus. & H.Rob tabernaemontani Asch., Potentilla Rosaceae Asteraceae verna auct. non. L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb.) Decne. Potentilla nipponica Th.Wolf Rosaceae Premna integrifolia L. Rosaceae Lamiaceae Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk. Potentilla nivea L. Sapotaceae Premna microphylla Turcz. Rosaceae ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Potentilla palustris (L.) Scop. Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni Prestoea acuminata (Willd.) Rosaceae Sapotaceae H.E.Moore = Comarum palustre L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Pouteria gardneriana (A.DC.) Radlk. Prestoea decurrens (H.Wendl. ex Burret) Potentilla pensylvanica L. Sapotaceae H.E.Moore Rosaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed Pouteria lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze Sapotaceae Prestonia quinquangularis (Jacq.) Potentilla pulcherrima Lehm. Spreng. Rosaceae Pouteria salicifolia (Spreng.) Radlk. Apocynaceae Sapotaceae ◆ Weed Potentilla recta L. Rosaceae Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E.Moore Prestonia venosa (Lindl.) G.Nicholson ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 & Stearn Apocynaceae Sapotaceae Potentilla reptans L. ◆ Weed Primula acaulis (L.) Hill Rosaceae Primulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Pouteria viridis (Pittier) Cronquist P Sapotaceae Primula algida Adams Potentilla rupestris L. Primulaceae Rosaceae Pouteria wakere (Pancher & Sebert) Primula alpicola (W.W.Sm.) Stapf ◆ Weed - 3 Baehni Sapotaceae Primulaceae Potentilla supina L. Primula anisodora Balf. f. & Forrest Rosaceae Pozoa volcanica Mathias & Constance Primulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 Apiaceae ◆ Weed Potentilla tabernaemontani Asch. Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Primula X arctotis Kern. Rosaceae Pangalo Primulaceae = Potentilla neumanniana Reichenb. Cucurbitaceae ◆ Weed Primula aurantiaca W.W.Sm. & Forrest Prasium majus L. Primulaceae Potentilla thurberi Gray Lamiaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed Primula auricula L. Primulaceae Potentilla X tonguei Baxter Prasophyllum ringens (Rchb. f.) ◆ Weed Rosaceae R.J.Bates Orchidaceae Primula baldshuanica B.Fedtsch. Potentilla tormentilla (Stokes) Neck. Primulaceae Rosaceae Pratia angulata (G.Forst.) Hook. f. = Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch. Campanulaceae Primula beesiana Forrest ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Primulaceae Potentilla verna auct. non. L. Pratia arenaria Hook. f. Primula bellidifolia King ex Hook. f. Rosaceae Campanulaceae Primulaceae = Potentilla neumanniana Rchb. ◆ Weed Primula boveana Decne. Potentilla vesca (L.) Scop. Pratia macrodon Hook. f. Primulaceae Rosaceae Campanulaceae ◆ Weed

386 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Primula X bulleesiana Janson. Primula forrestii Balf. f. Primula mistassinica Michx. Primulaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae = Primula bulleyana Forr. X Primula Primula frondosa Janka Primula modesta Bisset & S.Moore bulleyana Forrest ssp. beesiana Primulaceae Primulaceae (Forrest) A.J.Richards Primula gaubaeana Bornm. Primula muscarioides Hemsl. Primula bulleyana Forrest Primulaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Primula glaucescens Moretti Primula nivalis Pall. Primulaceae Primulaceae Primula burmanica Balf. f. & Kingdon-Ward Primula glutinosa Wulfen Primula nutans Georgi Primulaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae Primula capitata Hook. Primula halleri J.F.Gmelin Primula obconica Hance Primulaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae Primula cernua Franch. Primula helodoxa Balf. f. Primula palinuri Petagna Primulaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae = Primula prolifera Wall. Primula chionantha Balf. f. & Forrest Primula parryi Gray ◆ Weed Primulaceae Primulaceae Primula heucherifolia Franch. Primula chungensis Balf. f. Primula paxiana Gilg nom. illeg. Primulaceae & Kingdon-Ward Primulaceae Primulaceae Primula hirsuta Allioni = Primula jesoana Miq. Primulaceae Primula clusiana Tausch Primula pedemontana E.Thomas Primulaceae Primula integrifolia L. ex Gaudin ex Gaudin Primulaceae Primulaceae Primula cockburniana Hemsl. Primulaceae Primula involucrata Wall. ex Duby Primula petiolaris Wall. Primulaceae Primulaceae Primula concholoba Stapf & Sealy Primulaceae Primula japonica A.Gray Primula poissonii Franch. Primulaceae Primulaceae Primula cortusoides L. ◆ Weed - 2 Primulaceae Primula X polyantha Mill. Primula jesoana Miq. Primulaceae Primula daonensis (Leybold) Leybold Primulaceae = Primula veris L. X Primula Primulaceae See: Primula paxiana Gilg nom. illeg. vulgaris Huds. X Primula spp. Primula darialica Rupr. ◆ Weed - 2 Primula juliae I.V.Kusn. Primulaceae Primulaceae Primula polyneura Franch. Primula denticulata Sm. Primulaceae Primula X kewensis W.Watson Primulaceae Primulaceae Primula praenitens (Link) Ker Gawl. P Primula edelbergii Schwarz. = Primula floribunda Wall. X Primulaceae Primulaceae Primula verticillata Forssk. [a fertile See: Primula sinensis Sabine ex allotetraploid hybrid] Lindl. nom. illeg. Primula elatior (L.) Hill Primulaceae Primula latifolia Lapeyr. Primula prolifera Wall. ◆ Weed - 2 Primulaceae Primulaceae See: Primula helodoxa Balf. f. Primula elliptica Royle Primula laurentiana Fern. ◆ Weed Primulaceae Primulaceae Primula X pruhonicensis Zemann Primula ellisiae Pollard & Cockerell Primula luteola Rupr. ex Bergmans Primulaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae = Primula rusbyi Greene Primula macrophylla D.Don ◆ Weed Primula erosa Wall. Primulaceae Primula X pubescens Jacq. Primulaceae Primula malacoides Franch. Primulaceae Primula farinifolia Rupr. Primulaceae Primula pulverulenta Duthie Primulaceae ◆ Weed Primulaceae Primula farinosa L. Primula marginata Curtis ◆ Weed - 2 Primulaceae Primulaceae Primula reidii Duthie ◆ Weed Primula melanops W.W.Sm. Primulaceae Primula flaccida N.P.Balakr. & Kingdon-Ward Primula rosea Royle Primulaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae Primula florindae Kingdon-Ward Primula minima L. Primula ruprechtii Kusn. Primulaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae ◆ Weed - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 387 Primula rusbyi Greene Pringlea antiscorbutica R.Br. ex Hook. f. Pritchardia rockiana Becc. Primulaceae Brassicaceae Arecaceae See: Primula ellisiae Pollard = Pritchardia martii (Gaudich.) Prinsepia sinensis (Oliv.) Oliv. ex Bean & Cockerell H.Wendl. Rosaceae Primula saxatilis Kom. Pritchardia schattaueri Hodel Prinsepia uniflora Batalin Primulaceae Arecaceae Rosaceae Primula scotica Hook. Pritchardia thurstonii F.Müell. & Drude Prionophyllum maritimum (Baker) Mez Primulaceae Arecaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed See: Dyckia maritima Baker Pritchardia vuylstekeana H.Wendl. Primula secundiflora Franch. Arecaceae Prismatocarpus fruticosus L.Her Primulaceae Campanulaceae Pritchardia weissichiana Rock Primula sieboldii E.Morr. Arecaceae Prismatocarpus roelloides (L.) Sond. Primulaceae = Pritchardia hardyi Rock Campanulaceae Primula sikkimensis Hook. Proboscidea louisianica (Mill.) Thell. Pristiglottis montana (Schltr.) Cretz. Primulaceae Pedaliaceae & J.J.Sm. ◆ Weed See: Martynia proboscidea Gloxin Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4A - 5 Primula sinensis Sabine ex Lindl. Pritchardia affinis Becc. nom. illeg. Proboscidea lutea (Lindl.) Stapf Arecaceae Primulaceae Pedaliaceae = Primula praenitens Ker Gawl. Pritchardia aylmer-robinsonii H.St.John = Ibicella lutea (Lindl.) Van Eselt. ◆ Weed Arecaceae Primula sinopurpurea Balf. f. Procris pedunculata (J.R.Forst. Primulaceae Pritchardia beccariana Rock & G.Forst.) Wedd. Arecaceae Primula spectabilis Tratt. Urticaceae Primulaceae Pritchardia forbesiana Rock Promenaea rollissonii (Lindl.) Lindl. ◆ Weed - 2 Arecaceae Orchidaceae Primula suffrutescens Gray Pritchardia gaudichaudii (Mart.) Promenaea stapelioides (Link Primulaceae H.Wendl. & Otto) Lindl. Arecaceae Primula X variabilis Goupil Orchidaceae Primulaceae Pritchardia hardyi Rock Promenaea xanthina (Lindl.) Lindl. Arecaceae Primula veris L. Orchidaceae See: Pritchardia weissichiana Rock Primulaceae Prosopidastrum mexicanum (Dressler) ◆ Weed Pritchardia hillebrandii (Kuntze) Becc. Burkart Arecaceae Primula veris L. X Primula vulgaris Huds. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Primulaceae Pritchardia kaalae Rock Prosopis articulata S. Watson ◆ P Weed Arecaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Primula verticillata Forssk. Pritchardia lowreyana Rock = Woot. Primulaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 4 Primula vialii Delavay ex Franch. Pritchardia martii (Gaudich.) H.Wendl. Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Primulaceae Arecaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae See: Pritchardia martioides Rock See: Prosopis spicigera L. Primula villosa Wulfen & Caum, Pritchardia rockiana Becc. Primulaceae Torr. Pritchardia martioides Rock & Caum Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Primula viscosa Vill. ◆ Arecaceae Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Primulaceae = Pritchardia martii (Gaudich.) Prosopis glandulosa Torr. X Prosopis Primula vulgaris Huds. H.Wendl. velutina Wooton Primulaceae Pritchardia minor Becc. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Arecaceae Primula watsonii Dunn (Sw.) DC. Pritchardia munroi Rock Primulaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4A - 5 Primula wilsonii Dunn Pritchardia napaliensis H.St.John Primulaceae Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. Arecaceae X Prosopis velutina Wooton Primula wulfeniana Schott Pritchardia pacifica Seem. & H.Wendl. Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Primulaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 4A Primula yargongensis Petitm. ◆ Weed (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Primulaceae Pritchardia remota (Kuntze) Becc. Willd.) Kunth Primula yuparensis Takeda Arecaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Primulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A

388 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Prosopis spicigera L. Protea caffra Meisn. Protea longifolia Andrews Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Proteaceae Proteaceae = Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Protea canaliculata Andr. Protea lorifolia (Salisb. ex Knight) Fourc. ◆ Weed Proteaceae Proteaceae Prosopis velutina Wooton Protea compacta R.Br. Protea magnifica Link Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Proteaceae Proteaceae See: Prosopis articulata S. Watson ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Protea compacta R.Br. X Protea Protea magnifica Link X Protea burchellii Stapf longifolia Andrews Prostanthera ovalifolia R.Br. Proteaceae Proteaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Protea compacta R.Br. X Protea Protea magnifica Link X Protea Protasparagus aethiopicus (L.) Oberm. magnifica Link neriifolia R.Br. Liliaceae Proteaceae Proteaceae = Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Protea compacta R.Br. X Protea Protea magnifica Link X Protea Jessop. neriifolia R.Br. susannae Phillips ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5A Proteaceae Proteaceae Protasparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Protea cordata Thunb. Protea mellifera Thunb. Oberm. Proteaceae Proteaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed = Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Protea coronata Lam. Jessop Proteaceae Protea minor Compton Proteaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 4A Protea cynaroides L. Protasparagus falcatus (L.) Oberm. Proteaceae Protea mundii Klotzsch Proteaceae Liliaceae Protea decurrens Phillips Protasparagus laricinus (Burch.) Oberm. Proteaceae Protea nana Thunb. Proteaceae Liliaceae Protea denticulata Rourke = Asparagus laricinus Burch. Proteaceae Protea neriifolia R.Br. ◆ Weed Proteaceae Protea effusa E.Mey. ex Meisn. Protasparagus macowanii (Bak.) Oberm. Proteaceae Protea neriifolia R.Br. X Protea Liliaceae longifolia Andrews Protea eximia (Knight) Fourc. Proteaceae Protasparagus plumosus (Baker) Oberm. Proteaceae Liliaceae Protea neriifolia R.Br. X Protea Protea eximia (Salisb. ex Knight) = Asparagus plumosus Baker susannae Phillips ◆ Fourc. X Protea obtusifolia H.Buek Weed - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5A Proteaceae ex Meisn. Protasparagus retrofractus (L.) Oberm. Proteaceae Protea nitida Mill. Liliaceae Proteaceae = Asparagus retrofractus L. Protea eximia (Salisb. ex Knight) P Fourc. X Protea susannae Phillips Protea obtusifolia H.Buek ex Meisn. Protasparagus setaceus (Kunth) Oberm. Proteaceae Proteaceae Liliaceae = Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop Protea gaguedi J.F.Gmel. Protea pudens J.P.Rourke ◆ Weed - 5 Proteaceae Proteaceae Protasparagus virgatus (Baker) Oberm. Protea grandiceps Tratt. Protea pudens J.P.Rourke X Protea Liliaceae Proteaceae longifolia Andrews = Asparagus virgatus Baker Proteaceae Protea holosericea (Salisb. ex Knight) ◆ Weed - 1A Rourke Protea pulchella Schrad. & J.C.Wendl. Protea acaulos (L.) Reich Proteaceae Proteaceae Proteaceae Protea lacticolor Salisb. Protea pulchra Rycroft Protea acuminata Sims Proteaceae Proteaceae Proteaceae Protea laevis R.Br. Protea punctata Meisn. Protea amplexicaulis (Salisb.) R.Br. Proteaceae Proteaceae Proteaceae Protea lanceolata E.Mey. ex Meisn. Protea recondita Buek ex Meissn. Protea aristata E.Phillips Proteaceae Proteaceae Proteaceae Protea latifolia R.Br. Protea repens (L.) L. Protea aurea (Burm. f.) Rourke Proteaceae Proteaceae Proteaceae ◆ Weed - N Protea laurifolia Buek ex Meissner Protea barbigera Meisn. Proteaceae Protea repens (L.) L. X Protea aristata Proteaceae E.Phillips Protea lepidocarpodendron L. Proteaceae Protea burchellii Stapf Proteaceae Proteaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 389 Protea repens (L.) L. X Protea aurea Prunella laciniata (L.) L. Prunus cerasus L. X Prunus (Burm. f.) Rourke Lamiaceae canescens Boiss. Proteaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Rosaceae Protea roupelliae Meisn. Prunella vulgaris L. Prunus conradinae Koehne Proteaceae Lamiaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Protea rubropilosa Beard Prunus dawyckensis Sealy Proteaceae Prunella webbiana N.Taylor Rosaceae Lamiaceae Protea scabra R.Br. Prunus domestica L. Proteaceae Prunus X amygdalopersica (Weston) Rosaceae Rehder Protea scabriuscula Phillips = Prunus spinosa L. X Prunus Rosaceae Proteaceae cerasifera Ehrh. ssp. divaricata = Prunus X persicoides (Ser.) M.Vilm. (Ledeb.) L.H.Bailey Protea scolymocephala (L.) Reichard & Bois See: Prunus insititia L. Proteaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3 - 5 Protea speciosa L. Prunus amygdalus Batsch Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb Proteaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae = Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb Protea stokoei Phillips See: Amygdalus communis L., Proteaceae Prunus angustifolia Marshall Prunus amygdalus Batsch Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 5 Protea subpulchella Stapf ◆ Weed Proteaceae Prunus fruticosa Pall. Protea subvestita N.E.Br. Prunus armeniaca L. Rosaceae ◆ Proteaceae Rosaceae Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 ◆ Weed Prunus glandulosa Thunb. Protea susannae E.Phillips Prunus avium (L.) L. Rosaceae Proteaceae Rosaceae = Prunus texana D.Dietr. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - 1 Protea venusta Compton Proteaceae Prunus besseyi L. H. Bailey Prunus gravesii Small Rosaceae Rosaceae Protea welwitschii Engl. = Prunus pumila L. var. besseyi = Prunus maritima Marshall var. Proteaceae (Bailey) Gleason gravesii (Small) G.J.Anderson Protea xanthoconus Kuntze Prunus X blireiana André Prunus grayana Maxim. Proteaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae = Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. X Prunus Protium copal Engler Prunus hirtipes Hemsl. mume Siebold & Zucc. Burseraceae Rosaceae Prunus bokhariensis Royle Proustia cuneifolia D.Don Prunus hortulana L.H.Bailey ex C.K.Schneid. P Asteraceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Proustia pyrifolia Lag. Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt. ex Hook. Prunus campanulata Maxim. Asteraceae & Arn.) Walp. Rosaceae Rosaceae andina (Poepp. ex Endl.) ◆ Weed - 1 de Laub. - Weed Prunus canescens Bois Podocarpaceae Prunus incisa Thunb. Rosaceae Prumnopitys ferruginea (D.Don) Rosaceae de Laub. Prunus capollin Zucc. ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae Podocarpaceae Prunus incisa Thunb. X Prunus Prumnopitys montana (Humb. Prunus caroliniana Aiton serrula Franch. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) de Laub. Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed Podocarpaceae Prunus insititia L. Prumnopitys taxifolia (Sol. ex D.Don) Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Rosaceae de Laub. Rosaceae = Prunus domestica L. ssp. insititia Podocarpaceae See: Prunus myrobalana (L.) Loisel. (L.) Schneid. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 ◆ Weed - 5 Prunella grandiflora (L.) Scholler Lamiaceae Prunus cerasoides D.Don Prunus japonica Thunb. ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 5 ◆ Weed Prunella hyssopifolia L. Lamiaceae Prunus cerasus L. Prunus laurocerasus L. ◆ Weed Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Prunella incisa Link Lamiaceae

390 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Prunus lusitanica L. Prunus pumila L. Prunus X yedoensis Matsumura Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A See: Prunus besseyi L. H. Bailey ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Prunus lyonii (Eastw.) Sarg. Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski Rosaceae Prunus salicifolia Kunth Poaceae Rosaceae See: Elymus junceus Fisch. Prunus mahaleb L. = Prunus serotina Ehrh. ssp. capuli ◆ Weed Rosaceae (Cav.) McVaugh ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 5 Pseudaechmanthera glutinosa Prunus salicina Lindl. (Nees) Bremek. Prunus mariana hort. Rosaceae Acanthaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 5 = Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Pseudananas macrodontes Prunus salicina Lindl. X Prunus persica (E.Morren) Harms Prunus maritima Marshall (L.) Batsch Bromeliaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae = Pseudananas sagenarius (Arruda) See: Prunus gravesii Small Camargo ◆ Weed Prunus sargentii Rehder Rosaceae Pseudananas sagenarius (Arruda) Prunus mume Sieb. & Zucc. Camargo Rosaceae Prunus schmittii Rehder Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Rosaceae See: Pseudananas macrodontes Prunus munsoniana W.Wight & Hedrick Prunus serotina Ehrh. (E.Morren) Harms Rosaceae Rosaceae Pseudarthria hookeri Wight & Arn. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Prunus myrobalana (L.) Loisel. Prunus serrula Franch. Pseudelephantopus spicatus (Juss. Rosaceae Rosaceae ex Aubl.) C.F.Baker = Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Prunus serrulata Lindl. Asteraceae Prunus nigra Aiton Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 Pseuderanthemum alatum Radlk. ◆ Weed - 2 Prunus X sieboldii (Carrière) Wittm. Acanthaceae Prunus nipponica Matsum. Rosaceae Pseuderanthemum andersonii Lindau Rosaceae = Prunus apetala (Siebold & Zucc.) Franch. & Sav. X Prunus serrulata Acanthaceae Prunus padus L. Lindl. Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum Rosaceae (W.Bull) Radlk. ◆ Weed - 1A - 5 Prunus simonii Carrière Rosaceae Acanthaceae Prunus pendula Siebold ex Maxim. Pseuderanthemum bicolor Radlk. nom. illeg. Prunus sinensis Pers. Acanthaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed P = Prunus subhirtella Miq. Prunus spinosa L. Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Prunus pensylvanica L. f. Rosaceae ◆ Guillaumin Rosaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Prunus subhirtella Miq. ◆ Weed Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Rosaceae Pseuderanthemum cooperi Radlk. Rosaceae See: Prunus pendula Siebold Acanthaceae See: Persica vulgaris Mill., Prunus ex Maxim. nom. illeg. ◆ mariana hort. Weed Pseuderanthemum indicum A.M. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Prunus tenella Batsch & J.M.Cowan Rosaceae Acanthaceae Prunus X persicoides (Ser.) M.Vilm. & Bois Prunus tomentosa Thunb. Pseuderanthemum kewense L.H.Bailey Rosaceae Rosaceae Acanthaceae = Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum Hubbard X Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Prunus triloba Lindl. ex L.H.Bailey See: Prunus X amygdalopersica Rosaceae Acanthaceae (Weston) Rehder ◆ Weed Pseuderanthemum repandum Prunus pissardii Carrière Prunus triloba Lindl. X Prunus spinosa L. (G.Forst.) Guillaumin Rosaceae Rosaceae Acanthaceae Prunus prostrata Labill. Prunus truneriana (Bailey) Kalkman Pseuderanthemum reticulatum Hook. Rosaceae Rosaceae Acanthaceae Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl. Prunus virginiana L. Pseuderanthemum seticalyx Stapf Rosaceae Rosaceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 391 Pseuderanthemum sinuatum (Vahl) Pseudolobivia ancistrophora (Speg.) Pseudophoenix vinifera (Mart.) Becc. Radlk. Backeb. ex Krainz Arecaceae Acanthaceae Cactaceae Pseudopilosocereus azureus Buining = Echinopsis ancistrophora Speg. Pseuderanthemum tricolor Radlk. & Brederoo Acanthaceae Pseudolobivia kermesina Krainz Cactaceae Cactaceae = Pilosocereus azureus F.Ritter Pseuderanthemum tuberculatum Radlk. = Echinopsis mamillosa Gürke Acanthaceae Pseudorhipsalis acuminata Cufod. Pseudolobivia kratochviliana (Backeb.) Cactaceae Pseudobombax ellipticum (Kunth) Backeb. Dugand Pseudorhipsalis alata (Sw.) Britton Cactaceae Bombacaceae & Rose = Echinopsis arachnacantha See: Bombax ellipticum Kunth Cactaceae (Buining & F.Ritter) H.Friedrich See: Disocactus alatus (Sw.) Kimnach Pseudobombax grandiflorum (Cav.) Pseudolobivia potosina (Werd.) A.Robyns Pseudorhipsalis himantoclada (Roland- Backbg. ex Drainz Bombacaceae Goss.) Britton & Rose Cactaceae Cactaceae Pseudocalymma alliaceum (Lam.) = Echinopsis ferox (Britton & Rose) Sandwith Backeb. Pseudorhipsalis lankesteri (Kimnach) Bignoniaceae Barthlott Pseudolysimachion kiusianum (Furumi) Cactaceae Pseudocydonia sinensis (Thouin) T.Yamaz. C.K.Schneid. Scrophulariaceae Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa (Salm-Dyck) Rosaceae Barthlott Pseudomuscari pallens (Bieb.) Garbari See: Cydonia sinensis Thouin Cactaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed See: Disocactus ramulosus See: Muscari pallens (Bieb.) Fischer (Salm-Dyck) Kimnach, Rhipsalis Pseudodrynaria coronans (Wall. arboreus (L.) K.Koch angustissima F.A.C.Weber, Rhipsalis ex Mett.) Ching Araliaceae purpusii Weintg., Rhipsalis ramulosa Polypodiaceae (Salm-Dyck) Pfeiff. (Hook. f.) Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Liden Philipson Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Á.Löve Papaveraceae Araliaceae Poaceae See: Corydalis ochroleuca See: Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) W.D.J.Koch nom. illeg. (Sol. Scribn. & J.G.Sm. ◆ Weed - 2 ex A.Cunn.) K.Koch Araliaceae Pseudosasa amabilis (McClure) Keng f. Pseudofumaria lutea (L.) Borkh. Poaceae Papaveraceae Pseudopanax crassifolius (Sol. ex See: Corydalis lutea (L.) DC. A.Cunn.) K.Koch X Pseudopanax Pseudosasa hamadae Hatusima ◆ Weed - 2 lessonii (DC.) K.Koch Poaceae Araliaceae Pseudogaltonia clavata (Mast.) Pseudosasa japonica (Sieb. & Zucc. ◆ Weed P E.Phillips ex Steud.) Makino ex Nakai Liliaceae Pseudopanax discolor (Kirk) Harms Poaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Araliaceae See: Arundinaria japonica Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud. Pseudogaltonia pechuelii Kuntze Kirk ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Liliaceae Araliaceae Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedwig) Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides Pseudopanax laetus (Kirk) Philipson Fleisch ex Broth. (Kunth) Cabrera Araliaceae Entodontaceae Asteraceae (DC.) K.Koch ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 5 See: Senecio confusus Britten Araliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Pseudostachyum polymorphum Munro Pseudopanax simplex (G.Forst.) Poaceae Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax Philipson Euphorbiaceae Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax Araliaceae Caryophyllaceae amabilis (J.Nelson) Rehder Pseudophegopteris paludosa (Blume) ◆ Weed Pinaceae Ching macrocarpa (Vasey) Mayr Pseudolarix kaempferi (Lamb.) Gordon Thelypteridaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Pseudophoenix ekmanii Burret Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco Pseudolithos dodsonianus (Lavranos) Arecaceae Pinaceae Bruyns & Meve Pseudophoenix lediniana R.W.Read See: Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britton Asclepiadaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 5 Pseudolithos migiurtinus (Chiov.) Bally Pseudophoenix sargentii H.Wendl. Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britton Asclepiadaceae ex Sarg. Pinaceae Arecaceae = Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco

392 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Pseudovigna argentea (Willd.) Verdc. Psiloxylon mauritianum Baill. Psychotria zombamontana (Kuntze) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Myrtaceae E.M.A.Petit Rubiaceae Pseudowintera colorata (Raoul) Dandy incurvus (Gouan) Schinz & Thell. Winteraceae Poaceae Psylliostachys suworowii (Regel) ◆ Weed - N - 1A Roshkova Pseudoxytenanthera albociliata Plumbaginaceae (Munro) Nguyen Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Ptelea baldwinii Torr. & A.Gray Psiadia trinervia Wild. Rutaceae Asteraceae Psoralea aculeata L. = Ptelea trifoliata L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Psidium cattleianum Sabine Ptelea trifoliata L. Myrtaceae Psoralea aphylla L. Rutaceae See: Psidium littorale Raddi Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Ptelea baldwinii Torr. & A.Gray ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Psoralea bituminosa L. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Psidium cerasoides Cambess. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Myrtaceae = Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirton Dennstaedtiaceae ◆ Weed Psidium cuneifolium Ten. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 4 Myrtaceae Psoralea macrostachya DC. Pteris albo-lineata nom. inval. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Psidium guajava L. Pteridaceae = Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb. Myrtaceae = L. ‘Albo-lineata’ See: Psidium pyriferum L. Psoralea obtusifolia DC. Pteris altissima Poir. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pteridaceae = Cullen tomentosum (Thunb.) Psidium guajava L. X Psidium J.W.Grimes Pteris argyraea T.Moore guineense Sw. Pteridaceae Myrtaceae Psoralea pinnata L. ◆ Weed - N Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pteris aspericaulis Wall. ex J.Agardh ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Pteridaceae Psidium guineense Sw. See: Pteris tricolor Linden Myrtaceae Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pteris biaurita L. See: Psoralea obtusifolia DC. Pteridaceae Psidium humile Vell. ◆ Weed Myrtaceae Pteris buchananii Baker ex Sim Psychanthus racemiger (F.Müell.) Pteridaceae Psidium littorale Raddi R.M.Sm. Myrtaceae Pteris cadieri H.Christ Zingiberaceae = Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. Pteridaceae littorale (Raddi) Fosberg Psychopsis kramerianum (Rchb. f.) Pteris cretica L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 H.G.Jones Pteridaceae Orchidaceae P Psidium montanum Sw. See: Pteris rivertoniana nom. inval. ◆ Myrtaceae Psychotria capensis (Eckl.) Vatke Weed - N - 2 Rubiaceae Psidium pyriferum L. Pteris dalhousiae Hk. Myrtaceae Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq. Pteridaceae = Psidium guajava L. Rubiaceae Pteris dentata Forssk. Psidium sartorianum (O.Berg) Nied. Psychotria curviflora Wall. Pteridaceae ◆ Myrtaceae Rubiaceae Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Psidium sintenisii (Kiaersk.) Alain Burm. f. Pteridaceae Myrtaceae Psychotria gardenioides Standl. ◆ Weed - Nn Rubiaceae Psilanthus bengalensis (K.Heyne Pteris fauriei Hieron. ex Schult.) Leroy Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes Pteridaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae = Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) Pteris inaequalis Baker Psilocaulon corallinum Schwantes L.Andersson Pteridaceae Aizoaceae Psychotria kirkii Hiern Pteris kingiana Endl. Psilocaulon granulicaule (Haw.) Rubiaceae Pteridaceae Schwantes Aizoaceae Psychotria rubra (Lour.) Poir. Pteris laurisilvicola Kurata ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Rubiaceae Pteridaceae Psilocaulon tenue (Haw.) Schwantes Psychotria serpens L. Pteris longifolia L. Aizoaceae Rubiaceae Pteridaceae ◆ Weed - 1A Psychotria viridis Ruiz & Pav. Pteris macilenta A.Rich Rubiaceae Pteridaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 393 Pteris multifida Poir. Pterocactus valentinii Speg. Pterogyne nitens Tul. Pteridaceae Cactaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae See: Pteris serrulata auct. non. L. f. ◆ Weed Pterocarpus angolensis DC. ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd. Pteris oshimensis Hieron. Sterculiaceae Pterocarpus dalbergioides DC. Pteridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pterospermum heterophyllum Hance Pteris pedicellata Copel. Sterculiaceae Pterocarpus indicus Willd. Pteridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pterostyrax corymbosus Sieb. & Zucc. Pteris plumula Desv. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Styracaceae Pteridaceae Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz Pterostyrax hispidus Sieb. & Zucc. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Styracaceae Pteris quadriaurita Retz. ◆ Weed - 2 Pterostyrax psilophyllus Diels ex Perkins Pteridaceae Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Styracaceae Pteris rivertoniana nom. inval. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pterygodium catholicum (L.) Sw. Pteridaceae Pterocarpus osun Craib Orchidaceae = Pteris cretica L. ‘Rivertoniana’ Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R.Br. Pteris schlechteri Brause Pterocarpus rotundifolius (Sond.) Druce Sterculiaceae Pteridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pteryxia terebinthina (Hook.) Coult. Pteris semipinnata L. ◆ Weed - 3 & Rose Pteridaceae Pterocarpus santalinus L. f. Apiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ptilotrichum spinosum (L.) Boiss. Pteris serrulata auct. non. L. f. Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub. Brassicaceae Pteridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Pteris multifida Poir. Ptychococcus archboldianus Burret Pterocarpus vernalis Pittier Arecaceae R.Br. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pteridaceae Ptychococcus lepidotus H.E.Moore ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 Pterocarpus violaceus Vogel Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pteris tricolor Linden Ptychococcus paradoxus (Scheff.) Becc. Pteridaceae Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Lam. ex Poir.) Arecaceae = Pteris aspericaulis Wall. ex J.Agardh Spach Ptychomnion aciculare (Brid.) Mitt. var. tricolor T.Moore ex Lowe Juglandaceae Ptychomniaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Sw. Ptychopetalum olacoides Benth. Pteridaceae Pterocarya hupehensis Skan ◆ Weed - Nn Juglandaceae ambiguum (Becc.) Becc. L. Pterocarya rehderiana C.K.Schneid. P Arecaceae Pteridaceae Juglandaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2A Ptychosperma bleeseri Burret Pterocarya rhoifolia Sieb. & Zucc. Arecaceae Pteris wallichiana J.Agardh Juglandaceae Pteridaceae Ptychosperma burretianum Essig Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC. Arecaceae Pterocactus fischeri Britton & Rose Juglandaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed Ptychosperma caryotoides Ridley Arecaceae Pterocactus gonjianii R.Kiesling Pterocarya tonkinensis (Franch.) Dode Cactaceae Juglandaceae Ptychosperma cuneatum (Burret) Burret Arecaceae Pterocactus hickenii Britton & Rose Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim. Cactaceae Celtidaceae (R.Br.) Blume Arecaceae Pterocactus kuntzei K.Schum. Pterocephalus depressus Cosson & Bal. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 Cactaceae Dipsacaceae Ptychosperma furcatum (Becc.) Becc. Pterocactus megliolii R.Kiesling Pterocephalus dumetorum (Brouss.) Arecaceae Cactaceae Coult. Dipsacaceae Ptychosperma hentyi Essig Pterocactus reticulatus R.Kiesling Arecaceae Cactaceae Pterocephalus parnassii Spreng. Dipsacaceae Ptychosperma hosinoi (Kaneh.) Pterocactus tuberosus (Pfeiff.) Britton Mooore & Fosb. & Rose Pterocephalus perennis Coulter Arecaceae Cactaceae Dipsacaceae ◆ Weed Pteroceras chrysanthum (Schltr.) Garay Ptychosperma lauterbachii Becc. Orchidaceae Arecaceae

394 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Ptychosperma ledermaniana (Becc.) Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi Pulsatilla georgica Rupr. Moore & Fosb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ranunculaceae Arecaceae = Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. Pulsatilla halleri (All.) Willd. ◆ Weed var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & Ranunculaceae S.M.Almeida) Ptychosperma ledermannianum ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Pulsatilla koreana Nakai ex Mori (Becc.) H.E.Moore & Fosberg Ranunculaceae Arecaceae Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Pulsatilla montana (Hoppe) Rchb. Ptychosperma lineare (Burret) Burret See: Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ranunculaceae Arecaceae Ohwi, Pueraria thunbergiana Pulsatilla occidentalis (S.Watson) Freyn Ptychosperma microcarpum (Burret) (Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth. Ranunculaceae Burret ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Arecaceae Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. Ranunculaceae Ptychosperma nicolai (Sander Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Anemone patens L. ex André) Burret ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed Arecaceae Pueraria thunbergiana (Sieb. Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill. Ptychosperma propinquum (Becc.) Becc. & Zucc.) Benth. Ranunculaceae Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed = Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. Ptychosperma pullenii Essig var. lobata (Lour.) Merr. (Willd.) Pulsatilla regeliana (Maxim.) Pavlov Arecaceae Maesen & Almeida Ranunculaceae Ptychosperma salomonense Burret ◆ Weed - 4 Pulsatilla sulphurea Dalla Torre & Sarnth. Arecaceae Pulicaria canariensis Bolle Ranunculaceae Ptychosperma sanderianum Ridl. Asteraceae Pulsatilla turczaninovii Krylov & Serg. Arecaceae Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh. Ranunculaceae Ptychosperma waitianum Essig Asteraceae Pulsatilla vernalis Miller Arecaceae ◆ Weed Ranunculaceae ciliata Bor. Pulmonaria angustifolia L. Pulsatilla violacea Rupr. Poaceae Boraginaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A ◆ Weed - 2 Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill. (Jacq.) Parl. Pulmonaria longifolia (Bast.) Boreau Ranunculaceae Poaceae Boraginaceae See: Anemone pulsatilla L. See: Puccinellia retroflexa (W.Curtis) ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Holmb. Pulmonaria montana Lej. ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 Pulsatilla zimmermannii Soó Boraginaceae Ranunculaceae (Torrey) Bickn. ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae daphnoides J.C.Wendl. Pulmonaria officinalis L. P ◆ Weed - N - 1A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Puccinellia limosa (Schur) Holmb. ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae granatum L. Pulmonaria rubra Schott & Kotschy Lythraceae Puccinellia lucida Fern. & Weatherby Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Punica grandiflora Steud. Puccinellia macquariensis Pulmonaria saccharata Mill. Lythraceae (Cheeseman) Allan & Jansen Boraginaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Puccinellia macra Fern. & Weatherby Pulsatilla albana (Steven) Bercht. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Poaceae & J.Presl Ranunculaceae Purpureostemon ciliatus (Forster Puccinellia maritima (Huds.) Parl. & G.Forster) Gugerli Poaceae Pulsatilla alpina (L.) Delarbre Myrtaceae ◆ Weed Ranunculaceae Purshia mexicana (D.Don) S.L.Welsh Puccinellia retroflexa (W.Curtis) Holmb. Pulsatilla ambigua Turcz. ex Pritz. Rosaceae Poaceae Ranunculaceae See: Cowania mexicana D.Don = Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. Pulsatilla campanella Fisch. ex Regel Puschkinia scilloides Adams Puccinellia rupestris (With.) Fern. & Tiling Liliaceae & Weatherby Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae Pulsatilla cernua (Thunb.) Bercht. ◆ Weed Putterlickia pyracantha (L.) Szyszyl. & J.Presl Celastraceae Puccinellia sevangensis Grossh. Ranunculaceae Poaceae See: Anemone cernua Thunb.

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 395 Puya alpestris (Poepp.) Gay Pyracantha atalantioides (Hance) Stapf Pyrrhocactus engleri (F.Ritter) F.Ritter Bromeliaceae Rosaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 = Neoporteria curvispina (Bertero ex Colla) Donald & G.D.Rowley Puya berteroniana Mez. Pyracantha coccinea M.Roem. Bromeliaceae Rosaceae Pyrrhocactus limariensis F.Ritter ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Cactaceae Puya chilensis Molina Bromeliaceae Pyracantha coccinea M.Roem. Pyrrhocactus umadeave (Wierderm.) ◆ Weed X Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) Backeb. M.Roem. Cactaceae Puya coerulea Lindl. Rosaceae = Neoporteria umadeave (Fric Bromeliaceae ex Kreuz.) Donald & G.D.Rowley ◆ Weed Pyracantha crenatoserrata (Hance) Rehder Pyrrosia christii (Giesenh.) Ching Puya dasylirioides Standl. Rosaceae Polypodiaceae Bromeliaceae = Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farw. Puya ferruginea (Ruiz & Pav.) L.B.Sm. H.L.Li Polypodiaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 Pyrrosia mollis (Kunze) Ching Puya floccosa (Linden) E.Morr. Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) Polypodiaceae Bromeliaceae M.Roem. Rosaceae Pyrrosia niphoboloides (Baker) M.Price Puya furfuracea (Willdenow) L.B.Smith ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Polypodiaceae Bromeliaceae Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) H.L.Li Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) M.G.Price Puya humilis Mez. Rosaceae Polypodiaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ See: Pyracantha crenatoserrata Weed Puya laxa L.B.Smith (Hance) Rehder Pyrrosia polydactylis (Hance) Ching Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Polypodiaceae Puya mirabilis (Mez) L.B.Sm. Pyracantha gibbsii A.B.Jacks. Pyrrosia samarensis (Mett.) Ching Bromeliaceae Rosaceae Polypodiaceae Puya raimondii Harms Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehder Pyrrosia serpens (G.Forst.) Ching Bromeliaceae Rosaceae Polypodiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Puya roezlii E.Morr. Pyrrosia sphaerosticha (Mett.) Ching Bromeliaceae Pyracantha rogersiana (A.B.Jacks.) Bean Polypodiaceae Rosaceae Puya spathacea (Griseb.) Mez Pyrrosia subfurfuracea (Hook.) Ching ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Bromeliaceae Polypodiaceae Pyracantha yunnanensis (P.Vilm. Puya venusta Phil. Pyrrosia varia (Kaulf.) Farw. ex Mottet) Chitt. Bromeliaceae Polypodiaceae Rosaceae ◆ P Weed Pyrrosia winkleri (Rosenstock) Tag. Pyrenaria spectabilis (Champ. Pycnanthemum pilosum Nutt. Polypodiaceae ex Benth.) C.Y.Wu & S.X.Yang Lamiaceae Theaceae Pyrus amygdaliformis Vill. Pycnospatha arietina Gagnep. Rosaceae Pyrethrum roseum (Adams) M.Bieb. Araceae ◆ Weed Asteraceae Pycnostachys dawei N.E.Br. Pyrus arbutifolia (L.) L. f. Pyrola chlorantha Swartz Lamiaceae Rosaceae Ericaceae = Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers. ◆ Pycnostachys reticulata (E.Mey.) Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Benth. Pyrola rotundifolia L. Lamiaceae Pyrus balansae Decne. Ericaceae Rosaceae Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) P.Beauv. Pyrolirion flavum Herb. Cyperaceae Pyrus betulifolia Bunge Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Rosaceae Pyrostegia ignea (Vell.) C.Presl Pycreus sanguinolentus (Vahl) Nees Pyrus bucharica Litv. Bignoniaceae Rosaceae Cyperaceae = Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Miers Pyrus calleryana Decne. Rosaceae Pygmaeocereus bylesianus Andreae ◆ Weed - 1A ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 & Backeberg Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers Cactaceae Bignoniaceae Pyrus canescens Spach Rosaceae Pyracantha angustifolia (Franch.) See: Pyrostegia ignea (Vell.) C.Presl C.K.Schneid. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5A Pyrus communis L. Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5

396 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Pyrus cossonii Rehder Rosaceae Pyrus cydonia L. Rosaceae = Cydonia oblonga Mill. Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pall. Rosaceae Pyrus fauriei C.K.Schneid. Rosaceae Pyrus malus L. Rosaceae = Malus X domestica Borkh. ◆ Weed Pyrus melanocarpa (Michx.) Willd. Rosaceae = Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott ◆ Weed - 3 Pyrus nivalis Jacq. Rosaceae ◆ Weed Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Rosaceae Pyrus phaeocarpa Rehder Rosaceae Pyrus pyraster Burgsd. Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Pyrus salicifolia Pall. Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Pyrus syriaca Boiss. Rosaceae P ◆ Weed Pyrus tadshikistanica V.I.Zaprjagaeva Rosaceae = Pyrus turcomanica Maleev Pyrus turcomanica Maleev Rosaceae See: Pyrus tadshikistanica V.I.Zaprjagaeva Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Pyrus zumi Matsum. Rosaceae = Malus zumi (Matsum.) Rehder

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 397 P

398 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Quesnelia quesneliana Credit: Eugene Donaldson. Q ©Fairchild Tropical Garden 1999

Qiongzhuea tumidinoda C.J.Hsueh Quercus boissieri Reut. Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. & T.P.Yi Fagaceae Fagaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed Quercus borealis F. Michx. See: Chimonobambusa tumidinoda Fagaceae Quercus dumosa Nutt. (J.R.Xue & T.P.Yi) T.H.Wen = Quercus rubra L. Fagaceae Quaqua arida (Masson) D.C.H.Plowes ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed Asclepiadaceae Quercus brachyphylla Kotschy Quercus durata Jeps. Quaqua mammillaris (L.) Bruyns Fagaceae Fagaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed Quercus buckleyi Nixon & Dorr Quararibea obliquifolia (Standl.) Standl. Fagaceae Quercus ellipsoidalis E.J.Hill Bombacaceae Fagaceae Quercus calliprinos Webb ◆ Weed amara L. Fagaceae Simaroubaceae Quercus emoryi Torr. Quercus canariensis Willd. ◆ Weed Fagaceae Fagaceae ◆ Weed Quercifilix zeylanica (Houtt.) Copel. ◆ Weed - N - 2 Dryopteridaceae Quercus engelmannii E.Greene Quercus canariensis Willd. X Quercus Fagaceae Quercus acuta Thunb. robur L. ◆ Weed Fagaceae Fagaceae Quercus fabri Hance Quercus acutissima Carruth. Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey. Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 ◆ Weed Quercus faginea Lam. Fagaceae Quercus aegilops auct. Quercus cerris L. ◆ Weed Fagaceae Fagaceae = Quercus ithaburensis Decne. ssp. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Quercus falcata Michx. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt. Fagaceae Quercus cerris L. X Quercus suber L. ◆ Weed - 3 Quercus agrifolia Nee Fagaceae Fagaceae = Quercus X crenata Lam. Quercus frainetto Ten. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Fagaceae Quercus alba L. Quercus chapmanii Sarg. Quercus franchetii Skan Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Quercus chenii Nakai Quercus fruticosa Brot. Quercus aliena Blume Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Quercus galeotti Martens Q ◆ Weed Fagaceae Fagaceae Quercus alnifolia Poech ◆ Weed Quercus gambelii Nutt. Fagaceae Quercus cinerea Michx. Fagaceae Quercus anatolica O.Schwarz Fagaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Fagaceae = Quercus incana Bartr. Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Quercus arizonica Sarg. Quercus coccifera L. Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Quercus coccinea Munchh. Quercus georgiana M.A.Curtis Quercus arkansana Sarg. Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae ◆ Weed Quercus gilva Blume Quercus austrina Small Quercus crassifolia Humb. & Bonpl. Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae Quercus glandulifera Blume Quercus X bebbiana C.K.Schneid. Quercus X crenata Lam. Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae Quercus glauca Thunb. = Quercus alba L. X Quercus See: Quercus cerris L. X Quercus Fagaceae macrocarpa Michx. suber L., Quercus X hispanica Lam., Quercus X pseudosuber G.Santi Quercus grisea Liebm. Quercus bicolor Willd. Fagaceae Fagaceae Quercus dentata Thunb. ◆ Weed Fagaceae Quercus haas Kotschy Fagaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 399 Quercus hartwissiana Steven Quercus libani Oliv. Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Quercus havardii Rydb. Quercus lobata Nee Fagaceae Fagaceae Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed X L. Fagaceae Quercus hemisphaerica Bartr. ex Willd. Quercus longinux Hayata ◆ Weed Fagaceae Fagaceae = Quercus laurifolia Michx. Quercus phellos L. Quercus longipes Hu Fagaceae Quercus X heterophylla F.Michx. Fagaceae ◆ Weed Fagaceae Quercus lusitanica Lam. = Quercus phellos L. X Quercus Quercus phillyraeoides A.Gray Fagaceae rubra L. Fagaceae Quercus lyrata Walter ◆ Weed - 2 Quercus X hispanica Lam. Fagaceae Fagaceae Quercus polymorpha Schlecht. & Cham. ◆ Weed = Quercus X crenata Lam. Fagaceae Quercus macranthera Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Quercus hypoleucoides A.Camus Quercus prinus L. ex Hohen. Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Quercus iberica Bieb. Quercus X pseudosuber G.Santi Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 = Quercus X crenata Lam. Quercus ilex L. Quercus macrolepis Kotschy ◆ Weed Fagaceae Fagaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Quercus pubescens Willd. Quercus marilandica Munchh. Fagaceae Quercus ilicifolia Wangenh. Fagaceae ◆ Weed Fagaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Quercus pyrenaica Willd. Quercus mexicana Humb. & Bompl. Fagaceae Quercus imbricaria Michx. Fagaceae Fagaceae Quercus reticulata H.B.K. ◆ Weed Quercus michauxii Nutt. Fagaceae Fagaceae = Quercus rugosa Nee Quercus incana Bartr. ◆ Weed Fagaceae Quercus robur L. See: Quercus cinerea Michx. Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. Fagaceae ◆ Weed Fagaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Quercus ithaburensis Decne. Quercus montana Willd. Quercus robur L. X Quercus cerris L. Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae See: Quercus aegilops auct. ◆ Weed - 2 Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. Quercus kelloggii Newb. Fagaceae Quercus rubra L. Q Fagaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Fagaceae ◆ Weed See: Quercus borealis F. Michx. Quercus myrsinaefolia Blume ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Quercus kingiana Craib Fagaceae Fagaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Quercus rugosa Nee Fagaceae Quercus laevis Walter Quercus nigra L. See: Quercus reticulata H.B.K. Fagaceae Fagaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Quercus rysophylla Weatherby Fagaceae Quercus lamellosa Sm. Quercus nuttallii E.J.Palmer Fagaceae Fagaceae Quercus sadleriana R.Br. = Quercus texana Buckley Fagaceae Quercus lanata Sm. Fagaceae Quercus obtusa (Willd.) Ashe Quercus salicina Blume Fagaceae Fagaceae Quercus laurifolia Michx. = Quercus laurifolia Michx. Fagaceae Quercus X saulii Schneid. See: Quercus hemisphaerica Bartr. ex Quercus obtusata Humb. & Bonpl. Fagaceae Willd., Quercus obtusa (Willd.) Ashe Fagaceae = Quercus alba L. X Quercus prinus L. ◆ Weed Quercus oglethorpensis Duncan Quercus serrata Thunb. Quercus leana Nutt. Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae Quercus palustris Munchh. Quercus serratifolia Benth. ex Petz. Quercus leucotrichophora A.Camus Fagaceae & G.Kirchn. Fagaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 Fagaceae

400 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Quercus shumardii Buckley Quisqualis indica L. Fagaceae Combretaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Quercus skinneri Benth. Quisqualis mussaendiflora (Engl. Fagaceae & Diels) Exell. Combretaceae Quercus stellata Wangenh. Fagaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Quercus suber L. Fagaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Quercus texana Buckley Fagaceae See: Quercus nuttallii E.J.Palmer Quercus tlemcenensis (DC.) Hug. -del- Vill. Fagaceae Quercus tomentella Engelm. Fagaceae Quercus trojana Webb Fagaceae Quercus vaccinifolia Kellogg Fagaceae ◆ Weed Quercus variabilis Blume Fagaceae Quercus velutina Lam. Fagaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Quercus virginiana Mill. Fagaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Quercus wislizeni DC. Fagaceae Quercus xalapensis Humb. & Bonpl. Fagaceae Quesnelia lateralis Wawra Q Bromeliaceae Quesnelia liboniana (De Jonghe) Mez Bromeliaceae Quesnelia quesneliana (Brongn.) L.B.Sm. Bromeliaceae Quesnelia testudo Lindman Bromeliaceae Quiabentia verticillata (Vaupel) Borg Cactaceae Quiabentia zehntneri Britton & Rose Cactaceae Quillaja brasiliensis (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Mart. Rosaceae Quillaja saponaria Molina Rosaceae ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 401 Q

402 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status sandwicensis R Credit: Forest and Kim Starr Rabiea albinota (Haw.) N.E.Br. & N.E.Br. Rangaeris amaniensis (Kraenzl.) Ranunculus lingua L. Aizoaceae Summerh. Ranunculaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Rabiea albipuncta (Haw.) N.E.Br. & N.E.Br. Rangaeris brachyceras (Summerh.) Ranunculus lyallii Hook. f. Aizoaceae Summerh. Ranunculaceae Orchidaceae Rabiea cibdela (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. & N.E.Br. Ranunculus millefoliatus Vahl Aizoaceae Ranunculus abortivus L. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed Rabiea lesliei N.E.Br. & N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Aizoaceae Ranunculus montanus Willd. Ranunculus aconitifolius L. Ranunculaceae Racopilum cuspidigerum (Schwaegr.) Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed Angstr. ◆ Weed - 2 Racopilaceae L. Ranunculus acris L. Ranunculaceae Radermachera fenicis Merr. Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Bignoniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 Ranunculus nemorosus DC. Radermachera frondosa Chun Ranunculus amplexicaulis L. Ranunculaceae & K.C.How Ranunculaceae = Ranunculus serpens Schrank Bignoniaceae ◆ Weed Ranunculus aquatilis L. Radermachera gigantea (Blume) Miq. Ranunculaceae Ranunculus nivicola Hook. Bignoniaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Ranunculaceae Radermachera sinica (Hance) Hemsl. Ranunculus arvensis L. Ranunculus ophioglossifolius Vill. Bignoniaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 1A ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A Radermachera xylocarpa (Roxb.) Ranunculus asiaticus L. Ranunculus parviflorus L. K.Schum. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Bignoniaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Radiata leiocarpa Soják Ranunculus biternatus Sm. Ranunculus polyanthemos L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae See: Trigonella radiata (L.) Boiss. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Ranunculus bulbosus L. Ranunculaceae Ranunculus pseudolowii Hj.Eichl. Radinosiphon leptostachya (Bak.) N.E.Br. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Ranunculaceae Iridaceae Ranunculus calandrinioides Oliv. Ranunculus pumilio R.Br. ex DC. Ramonda myconi (L.) Rchb. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed Ranunculus caucasicus Bieb. Ranunculaceae L. Randia armata (Sw.) DC. R Ranunculaceae Rubiaceae Ranunculus cortusifolius Willd. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Ranunculaceae Randia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. ◆ Weed Ranunculus sardous Crantz Rubiaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculus ficaria L. Randia echinocarpa Moc. & Sesse ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Ranunculaceae Rubiaceae See: Ficaria verna Huds. Ranunculus sceleratus L. Randia fitzalani F.Müell. ex Benth. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Ranunculaceae Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A Ranunculus flammula L. Randia formosa (Jacq.) K.Schum. Ranunculaceae Ranunculus sericocephalus Hook. f. Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Ranunculus glacialis L. Ranunculus serpens Schrank Randia macrantha DC. Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Rubiaceae See: Ranunculus nemorosus DC. Ranunculus gramineus L. Randia malleifera (Hook.) Benth. Ranunculaceae Ranunculus sessiliflorus R.Br. ex DC. & Hook. f. Ranunculaceae Ranunculus lanuginosus L. Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Ranunculaceae Randia vitiensis (Seem.) Fosberg ◆ Weed Rubiaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 403 Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix Raphia vinifera P.Beauv. Ravenea krociana Beentje Ranunculaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae See: Batrachium trichophyllum ◆ Weed Ravenea lakatra (Jum.) Beentje (Chaix) Bosch Raphiolepis delacourii André Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Rosaceae Ravenea rivularis Jum. & H.Perrier Ranunculus trilobus Desf. Raphiolepis umbellata (Thunb.) Makino Arecaceae Ranunculaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Ravenea robustior Jum. & H.Perrier ◆ Weed - 5 Arecaceae Ranzania japonica (T.Ito ex Maxim.) T.Ito Raphionacme burkei N.E.Br. Berberidaceae Ravenea sambiranensis Jum. Asclepiadaceae & H.Perrier Raoulia australis Hook. f. ex Raoul Raphionacme divaricata Harv. Arecaceae Asteraceae Asclepiadaceae Ravenea xerophila Jum. Raoulia glabra Hook. f. Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. Arecaceae Asteraceae Brassicaceae Ravenia spectabilis (Lindl.) Planch. Raoulia grandiflora Hook. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 ex Griseb. Asteraceae Rathbunia alamosensis (J.Coult.) Rutaceae Raoulia hectori Hook. f. Britton & Rose Rebutia albiflora F.Ritter & Buining Asteraceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Stenocereus alamosensis Raoulia hookeri Allan = Rebutia pulvinosa F.Ritter & Buining (J.M.Coult.) A.C.Gibson & K.E.Horak Asteraceae Rebutia albopectinata Rausch Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Wooton Raoulia lutescens Beauverd Cactaceae & Standl. Asteraceae Asteraceae Rebutia arenacea Cárdenas Raoulia monroi Hook. f. ◆ Weed Cactaceae Asteraceae See: Rebutia candiae Cárdenas, Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart Rebutia glomeriseta Cárdenas, Raoulia parkii J.Buch. Asteraceae Rebutia menesesii Cárdenas, Asteraceae ◆ Weed Sulcorebutia menesesii (Cárdenas) Raoulia subsericea Hook. f. caffra Sond. Buining & Donald Asteraceae Apocynaceae Rebutia aureiflora Backeb. Raoulia tenuicaulis Hook. f. Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Cactaceae Asteraceae Apocynaceae Rebutia breviflora (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt Rapanea crassifolia Mez L. Cactaceae Myrsinaceae Apocynaceae Rebutia brunescens Rausch ◆ Weed - N - 3 Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez Cactaceae Myrsinaceae Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill. Rebutia caineana Cárdenas ◆ Weed - 2 Apocynaceae Cactaceae Raphanus maritimus Sm. Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel. See: Sulcorebutia breviflora Backeb. Brassicaceae Apocynaceae Rebutia candiae Cárdenas ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A ◆ Weed R Cactaceae Raphanus oleifer Steud. Rauwenhoffia siamensis Scheff. = Rebutia arenacea Cárdenas Brassicaceae Annonaceae Rebutia canigueralii Cárdenas L. Ravenala guyanensis Steud. Cactaceae Brassicaceae Musaceae See: Sulcorebutia canigueralii ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 (Cárdenas) Buining & Donald, Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn. Sulcorebutia crispata Rausch, Raphanus sativus L. Musaceae Sulcorebutia rauschii G.Frank Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Rebutia cylindrica (Donald & A.B.Lau) Ravenea albicans (Jum.) Beentje Donald Raphia australis Oberm. & Strey Arecaceae Cactaceae Arecaceae Ravenea dransfieldii Beentje Rebutia deminuta Br. & Rose Raphia farinifera (Gaertn.) Hyl. Arecaceae Cactaceae Arecaceae Ravenea glauca Jum. & H.Perrier See: Aylostera deminuta Raphia hookeri G.Mann & H.Wendl. Arecaceae (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb., Rebutia Arecaceae pseudominuscula (Speg.) Britton Ravenea hildebrandtii Bouche ex Wendl. & Rose Raphia ruffia (Jacq.) Mart. Arecaceae Arecaceae Rebutia donaldiana A.B.Lau & Rowley Ravenea julietiae H.J.Beentje Cactaceae Arecaceae = Rebutia fiebrigii Br. & Rose

404 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Rebutia einsteinii Fri ex Kreuz. & Buining Rebutia muscula F.Ritter & Thiele Rebutia wessneriana Bewer. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Rebutia fabrisii Rausch Rebutia narvaecensis (Cárdenas) Donald Rebutia xanthocarpa Backeb. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Rebutia minuscula K.Schum. = Rebutia heliosa Rausch Reevesia sinica E.H.Wilson Rebutia famatinensis Speg. ex Hosseus Rebutia neocumingii (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt Sterculiaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Reevesia thyrsoidea Lindl. See: Echinopsis famatimensis (Speg.) See: Weingartia lanata F.Ritter, Sterculiaceae Werderm., Lobivia famatimensis Weingartia multispina F.Ritter, (Spegazzini) Brown & R. Weingartia neocumingii Backeb. Regnellidium diphyllum Lindm. Marsileaceae Rebutia fidaiana (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt Rebutia neumanniana (Werderm.) ◆ Weed - 5 Cactaceae D.R.Hunt Cactaceae Rehderodendron macrocarpum Hu Rebutia fiebrigii Br. & Rose Styracaceae Cactaceae Rebutia padcayensis Rausch See: Rebutia donaldiana A.B.Lau Cactaceae Rehmannia angulata (Oliv.) Hemsl. & Rowley = Rebutia margarethae Rausch Scrophulariaceae = Rehmannia piasezkii Maxim. Rebutia flavistyla F.Ritter Rebutia pseudodeminuta Bakeb. Cactaceae Cactaceae Rehmannia elata N.E.Br. See: Rebutia kupperiana Boed. Scrophulariaceae Rebutia fulviseta Rausch Cactaceae Rebutia pseudominuscula (Speg.) Rehmannia piasezkii Maxim. Britton & Rose Scrophulariaceae Rebutia glomeriseta Cárdenas Cactaceae Cactaceae Reichardia orientalis (L.) Hochr. = Rebutia deminuta Britton & Rose = Rebutia arenacea Cárdenas Asteraceae Rebutia pulvinosa F.Ritter & Buining = (L.) Roth Rebutia glomerispina Cárdenas Cactaceae ◆ Weed Cactaceae See: Aylostera albiflora (F.Ritter & = Rebutia steinbachii Werderm. Reichardia tingitana (L.) Roth Buining) Backeb., Rebutia albiflora Asteraceae Rebutia grandiflora Backbg. F.Ritter & Buining See: Reichardia orientalis (L.) Hochr., Cactaceae Rebutia pygmaea (R.E.Fr.) Britton & Rose Scorzonera tingitana L. = Rebutia minuscula K.Schum. Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Rebutia heliosa Rausch Rebutia rauschii E.Zecher Reineckea carnea (Andrews) Kunth Cactaceae Cactaceae Liliaceae See: Rebutia narvaecensis = Rebutia steinmannii (Solms) ◆ Weed - 2 (Cárdenas) Donald Britton & Rose Reinhardtia gracilis (H.Wendl.) Drude Rebutia hoffmannii L.Diers & Rausch Rebutia ritteri (Wessner) Buining ex Drammer Cactaceae & Donald Arecaceae = Rebutia spinosissima Bakeb. Cactaceae Reinhardtia latisecta (H.Wendl.) Burret Rebutia jujuyana Rausch Rebutia spegazziniana Bakeb. Arecaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Reinhardtia simplex (H.Wendl.) Drude Rebutia kieslingii Rausch Rebutia spinosissima Bakeb. ex Dammer Cactaceae R Cactaceae Arecaceae Rebutia kupperiana Boed. See: Rebutia hoffmannii L.Diers Reinwardtia indica Dumort. Cactaceae & Rausch Linaceae = Rebutia pseudodeminuta Bakeb. Rebutia steinbachii Werderm. See: Reinwardtia trigyna Rebutia margarethae Rausch Cactaceae (Roxb.) Planch. Cactaceae See: Rebutia glomerispina Cárdenas, ◆ Weed - N - 3 See: Rebutia padcayensis Rausch Rebutia tiraquensis Cárdenas, Reinwardtia trigyna (Roxb.) Planch. Sulcorebutia glomerispina (Cárdenas) Rebutia marsoneri Werderm. Linaceae Buining & Donald, Sulcorebutia Cactaceae = Reinwardtia indica Dumort. pampagrandensis Rausch, ◆ Weed Rebutia menesesii Cárdenas Sulcorebutia taratensis (Cárdenas) Cactaceae Buining & Donald, Sulcorebutia Relbunium hypocarpium (L.) Hemsl. = Rebutia arenacea Cárdenas tiraquensis (Cárdenas) F.Ritter Rubiaceae Rebutia mentosa (F.Ritter) Donald Rebutia steinmannii (Solms) Britton Relhania pungens L’Hérit. Cactaceae & Rose Asteraceae Cactaceae Rebutia minuscula K.Schum. viviparia (Roxb.) Schott See: Rebutia rauschii E.Zecher Cactaceae Araceae See: Rebutia fabrisii Rausch, Rebutia Rebutia tiraquensis Cárdenas Renanthera bella J.J.Wood grandiflora Backbg. Cactaceae Orchidaceae = Rebutia steinbachii Werderm.

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 405 Renanthera coccinea Lour. Reynoutria japonica Houtt. Rhamnus japonica Maxim. Orchidaceae Polygonaceae Rhamnaceae = Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) ◆ Weed - 4 Renanthera elongata (Blume) Lindl. Ronse Decr. Orchidaceae Rhamnus koraiensis C.K.Schneid. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Rhamnaceae Renanthera histrionica Rchb. f. Reynoutria sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Orchidaceae Rhamnus libanotica Boiss. Nakai Rhamnaceae Renanthera imschootiana Rolfe Polygonaceae Orchidaceae = Fallopia sachalinensis (Schmidt) Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Ronse Decr. Rhamnaceae Renanthera isosepala Holttum ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2A - 3A - 5 Orchidaceae Rhamnus purshiana DC. Rhabdothamnus solandri A.Cunn. Rhamnaceae Renanthera monachica Ames Gesneriaceae = Frangula purshiana (DC.) Orchidaceae J.G.Cooper Rhachidosorus mesosorus (Makino) Renantherella histrionica Ridl. ◆ Weed - 3 Ching Orchidaceae Woodsiaceae Rhamnus rubra E.Greene Renealmia cernua (Sw. ex Roem. Rhamnaceae Rhagodia spinescens R.Br. & Schult.) J.F.Macbr. = Frangula rubra (Greene) V.Grub. Chenopodiaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Rhamnus saxatilis Jacq. Reseda alba L. Rhamnaceae L. Rhamnaceae Rhamnus thea Osbeck ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Rhamnaceae Reseda crystallina Webb & Berthel. = thea (Osbeck) Rhamnus californica Eschsch. Resedaceae M.C.Johnst. Rhamnaceae Reseda lutea L. = Frangula californica (Eschsch.) Rhamnus theezans L. Resedaceae A.Gray Rhamnaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed = Sageretia thea (Osbeck) M.C.Johnst. Reseda luteola L. Rhamnus caroliniana Walter Resedaceae Rhamnaceae Rhamnus utilis Decne. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 = Frangula caroliniana (Walt.) Gray Rhamnaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 4 Reseda odorata L. Resedaceae Rhamnus cathartica L. celatocaulis Alderwer. ◆ Weed - N - 2 Rhamnaceae Araceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Reseda phyteuma L. Rhaphidophora decursiva Schott Resedaceae Rhamnus citrifolia (Weston) Hess Araceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 & Stern Rhaphidophora ledermannii Engl. Rhamnaceae Restio dispar Mast. & K.Krause = Rhamnus davurica Pall. Restionaceae Araceae Rhamnus davurica Pall. Restrepia elegans H.Karst. Rhaphiolepis X delacourii André Rhamnaceae Orchidaceae Rosaceae See: Rhamnus citrifolia (Weston) R = Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl. X Restrepia hemsleyana Schltr. Hess & Stern Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Thunb.) Mak. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl. Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. Rhamnus diffusa Clos ex Ker Gawl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Rhamnaceae Rosaceae See: Genista monosperma (L.) Lam. Rhamnus erythroxylon Pall. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 4 - 5 Rhamnaceae Rhaphiolepis ovata Briot. Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb Rhamnus frangula L. Rosaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Rhamnaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Thunb.) = Frangula alnus Mill. Makino Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Rosaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Rhamnus globosa Bunge ◆ Weed - N - 1A Retzia capensis Thunb. Rhamnaceae Rhaphithamnus cyanocarpus Miers Stilbaceae Rhamnus imeretina J.R.Booth Verbenaceae Reynoldsia sandwicensis Gray ex G.Kirchn. Rhaphithamnus spinosus (Juss.) Araliaceae Rhamnaceae Moldenke Reynoldsia verrucosa Seem. Rhamnus infectoria L. Verbenaceae Araliaceae Rhamnaceae

406 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Rhapidophyllum hystrix (Pursh) Rheum X hybridum Murray Rhipsalis angustissima F.A.C.Weber H.Wendl. & Drude Polygonaceae Cactaceae Arecaceae = Rheum palmatum L. X Rheum = Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa rhaponticum L. (Salm-Dyck) Barthlott Rhapis excelsa (Thunb.) A.Henry See: Rheum X cultorum Thorsrud & ex Rehder Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S.Müell.) Stearn Reisaeter nom. inval. Arecaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed See: Rhipsalis cassutha Gaertn., Rheum officinale Baill. Rhipsalis Gaertn., Rhipsalis Rhapis humilis Blume Polygonaceae fasciculata (Willd.) Haw., Rhipsalis Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2 lindbergiana K.Schum., Rhipsalis ◆ Weed shaferi Britton & Rose Rheum palmatum L. Rhapis laosensis Becc. Polygonaceae Rhipsalis bambusoides F.A.C.Weber Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae Rhapis multifida Burret Rheum rhabarbarum L. Rhipsalis boliviana (Britton) Lauterb. Arecaceae Polygonaceae ex Buchtien Rhapis robusta Burret ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Cactaceae Arecaceae = Lepismium bolivianum (Britton) Rheum rhabarbarum L. X Rheum Barthlott Rhapis siamensis D.R.Hodel rhaponticum L. Arecaceae Polygonaceae Rhipsalis burchellii Britton & Rose Cactaceae Rhapis subtilis Becc. Rheum rhaponticum L. Arecaceae Polygonaceae Rhipsalis capilliformis F.A.C.Weber Cactaceae Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin Rheum ribes L. = Rhipsalis teres (Vell.) Steud. Asteraceae Polygonaceae Rhipsalis cassutha Gaertn. (L.) Hidalgo Rheum spiciforme Royle Cactaceae Asteraceae Polygonaceae = Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S.Müell.) See: Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. Rheum tibeticum Maxim. ex Hook. f. Stearn ◆ Weed Polygonaceae Rhipsalis cassytha Gaertn. Rhaponticum scariosum Lamarck Rheum undulatum Pall. Cactaceae Asteraceae Polygonaceae = Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S.Müell.) Rhazya orientalis (Decaisne) A.DC. Stearn Rheum webbianum Royle Apocynaceae Polygonaceae Rhipsalis cereoides (Backeb. & Voll) Rheedia gardneriana Planch. & Triana Castellanos Rhexia mariana L. Clusiaceae Cactaceae Melastomataceae Rheedia lateriflora L. Rhipsalis cereuscula Haw. Rhexia virginica L. Clusiaceae Cactaceae Melastomataceae Rhektophyllum mirabile N.E.Br. Rhipsalis chrysantha Lofgren Rhigozum obovatum Burch. Araceae Cactaceae Bignoniaceae Rheum alexandrae Batalin Rhipsalis clavata F.A.C.Weber Rhinephyllum broomii L. Polygonaceae Cactaceae Aizoaceae R Rheum altaicum Losinsk. Rhipsalis clavellina F.Ritter Rhinephyllum comptonii L.Bolus Polygonaceae Cactaceae Aizoaceae = Rhipsalis teres (Vell.) Steud. Rheum australe D.Don Rhinephyllum grandiforme L.Bol. Polygonaceae Rhipsalis crispata (Haw.) Pfeiff. Aizoaceae Cactaceae Rheum crassinervium Fisch. ex Lindl. Rhinephyllum muiri N.E.Br. See: Rhipsalis crispimarginata Löfgr. Polygonaceae Aizoaceae Rhipsalis crispimarginata Löfgr. Rheum X cultorum Thorsrud Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri (Regel) Moran Cactaceae & Reisaeter nom. inval. Cactaceae = Rhipsalis crispata (Haw.) Pfeiff. Polygonaceae = Hatiora gaertneri (Regel) Barthlott = Rheum X hybridum Murray Rhipsalis dissimilis (Lindb.) K.Sch. Rhipsalidopsis rosea (Lagerh.) Britton Cactaceae Rheum emodi Wall. ex Meisn. & Rose See: Lepismium dissimile Lindberg Polygonaceae Cactaceae Rhipsalis elliptica G.Lindb. ex K.Schum. Rheum forrestii Diels = Hatiora rosea (Lagerh.) Barthlott Cactaceae Polygonaceae Rhipsalis alata (Sw.) K.Schum. Rhipsalis fasciculata (Willd.) Haw. Cactaceae Cactaceae = Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S.Müell.) Stearn

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 407 Rhipsalis floccosa Salm-Dyck Rhipsalis monacantha Griseb. Rhipsalis rhombea (Salm-Dyck) Pfeiff. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Rhipsalis gibberula F.A.C.Weber, = Lepismium monacanthum Rhipsalis robusta Lem. Rhipsalis tucumanensis F.A.C.Weber (Griseb.) Barthlott Cactaceae Rhipsalis gibberula F.A.C.Weber Rhipsalis neves-armondii K.Schum. = Rhipsalis pachyptera Pfeiff. Cactaceae Cactaceae Rhipsalis rosea Lagerh. = Rhipsalis floccosa Salm-Dyck Rhipsalis oblonga Lofgren Cactaceae Rhipsalis goebeliana Backbg. Cactaceae Rhipsalis roseana A.Berger Cactaceae Rhipsalis occidentalis Barthlott & Rauh Cactaceae Rhipsalis grandiflora Haw. Cactaceae = Rhipsalis micrantha (H.B.K.) DC. Cactaceae Rhipsalis pachyptera Pfeiff. Rhipsalis russelli Britton & Rose Rhipsalis hadrosoma Lindb. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Rhipsalis robusta Lem. Rhipsalis saxatile (Friedr. & Red.) Rhipsalis heteroclada Britton & Rose Rhipsalis paradoxa Salm-Dyck Friedr. & Red. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Rhipsalis teres (Vell.) Steud. See: Lepismium paradoxum Rhipsalis shaferi Britton & Rose Salm-Dyck Rhipsalis horrida Baker Cactaceae Cactaceae Rhipsalis paranganiensis (Cárdenas) = Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S.Müell.) See: Rhipsalis madagascariensis Kimnach Stearn A.Weber, Rhipsalis pilosa A.Web. Cactaceae Rhipsalis sulcata F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum. = Lepismium paranganiense Cactaceae (Cárdenas) Barthlott Rhipsalis houlletiana Lem. Rhipsalis teres (Vell.) Steud. Cactaceae Rhipsalis penduliflora N.E.Br. Cactaceae = Lepismium houlletianum (Lem.) Cactaceae See: Rhipsalis capilliformis Barthlott = Rhipsalis teres (Vell.) Steud. F.A.C.Weber, Rhipsalis clavellina Rhipsalis ianthothele (Monv.) Rhipsalis pentaptera Pfeiff. F.Ritter, Rhipsalis heteroclada Britton K.Brandegee Cactaceae & Rose, Rhipsalis penduliflora N.E.Br., Cactaceae Rhipsalis prismatica (Lem.) Rümpler Rhipsalis pilocarpa Loefgr. Rhipsalis incachacana Cárdenas Cactaceae Rhipsalis tonduzii F.A.C.Weber Cactaceae See: Erythrorhipsalis pilocarpa Cactaceae = Lepismium incachacanum (Löfgr.) Berg. = Rhipsalis micrantha (H.B.K.) DC. (Cárdenas) Barthlott Rhipsalis pilosa A.Web. ex K.Schum. Rhipsalis triangularis Werderm. Rhipsalis kirbergii Barthlott Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae = Rhipsalis horrida Baker Rhipsalis trigona Pfeiff. Rhipsalis lindbergiana K.Schum. in Mart. Rhipsalis platycarpa (Zucc.) Pfeiff. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Rhipsalis tucumanensis F.A.C.Weber = Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S.Müell.) Rhipsalis prismatica (Lem.) Rümpler Cactaceae Stearn Cactaceae = Rhipsalis floccosa Salm-Dyck Rhipsalis linearis K.Schum. = Rhipsalis teres (Vell.) Steud. Rhipsalis warmingiana K.Sch. Cactaceae R Rhipsalis pulchra Lofgren. Cactaceae = Lepismium warmingianum Cactaceae = Lepismium warmingianum (Schumann) Barthlott See: Erythrorhipsalis pulchra (Schumann) Barthlott Rhipsalis madagascariensis A.Weber (Loefgr.) Doweld Rhipsalis wercklei A.Berger Cactaceae Rhipsalis pulvinigera Lindb. Cactaceae = Rhipsalis horrida Baker Cactaceae = Rhipsalis micrantha (H.B.K.) DC. Rhipsalis mesembryanthemoides Haw. Rhipsalis puniceodiscus G.A.Lindb. Rhizogonium novae-hollandiae Cactaceae Cactaceae (Brid.) Brid. = Rhipsalis mesembryanthoides Haw. Rhizogoniaceae Rhipsalis purpusii Weintg. Rhipsalis mesembryanthoides Haw. Cactaceae Rhodanthemum catananche (Ball) Cactaceae = Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa B.H.Wilcox, K.Bremer See: Rhipsalis (Salm-Dyck) Barthlott & C.J.Humphries mesembryanthemoides Haw. Asteraceae Rhipsalis ramulosa (Salm-Dyck) Pfeiff. Rhipsalis micrantha (H.B.K.) DC. Cactaceae Rhodanthemum gayanum (Cosson Cactaceae = Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa & Durieu) B.H.Wilcox, K.Bremer See: Rhipsalis rauhiorum Barth., (Salm-Dyck) Barthlott & Humphries Rhipsalis roseana A.Berger, Rhipsalis Asteraceae tonduzii F.A.C.Weber, Rhipsalis Rhipsalis rauhiorum Barth. wercklei A.Berger Cactaceae = Rhipsalis micrantha (H.B.K.) DC.

408 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Rhodanthemum hosmariense Rhododendron apodectum Balf. f. Rhododendron bauhiniiflorum Watt (Ball) B.H.Wilcox, K.Bremer & W.W.Sm. ex Hutchinson & C.J.Humphries Ericaceae Ericaceae Asteraceae Rhododendron araiophyllum Balf. f. Rhododendron beanianum Cowan See: Leucanthemum hosmariense & W.W.Sm. Ericaceae Font Quer Ericaceae Rhododendron beyerinckianum Koord. Rhodiola primuloides (Franch.) S.H.Fu Rhododendron arborescens (Pursh) Torr. Ericaceae Crassulaceae Ericaceae See: Sedum pachyclados Aitch. Rhododendron blackii Sleumer ex Helms. Rhododendron arboreum Sm. Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhodiola rosea L. Rhododendron brachyanthum Franch. ◆ Weed - 2 Crassulaceae Ericaceae See: Sedum rosea (L.) Scop. Rhododendron arfskianum Becc. Rhododendron brachycarpum D.Don Ericaceae Rhodocactus cubensis (Britton & Rose) ex G.Don F.M.Knuth Rhododendron argyrophyllum Franch. Ericaceae Cactaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron brookeanum H.Low = Pereskia zinniiflora DC. Rhododendron arizelum Balf. f. ex Lindl. Rhodocactus sacharosa (Griseb.) Backeb & Forrest Ericaceae Cactaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron bryophilum Sleumer = Pereskia sacharosa Griseb. Rhododendron atlanticum (Ashe) Ericaceae Rhodochiton atrosanguineum (Zucc.) Rehder Rhododendron bullatum Franch. Rothm. Ericaceae Ericaceae Scrophulariaceae Rhododendron atropurpureum Sleumer Rhododendron bureavii Franch. Rhodocoma capensis Nees. ex Steud. Ericaceae Ericaceae Restionaceae Rhododendron augustinii Hemsl. Rhododendron burmanicum Hutch. Rhodocoma gigantea (Kunth) Linder Ericaceae Ericaceae Restionaceae Rhododendron aureum Georgi Rhododendron burtii P.J.B.Woods Rhododendron aberconwayi Cowan Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron auriculatum Hemsl. Rhododendron buxifolium Low Rhododendron adenogynum Diels Ericaceae ex Hook. f. Ericaceae Rhododendron aurigeranum Sleumer Ericaceae Rhododendron aechmophyllum Ericaceae Rhododendron caeruleum H.Lèv. Balf. f. & Forrest Rhododendron aurigeranum Sleumer Ericaceae Ericaceae X Rhododendron konori Becc. Rhododendron caesium Hutchinson Rhododendron aequabile J.J.Sm. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron auritum Tagg Rhododendron calendulaceum Rhododendron aganniphum Balf. f. Ericaceae (Michx.) Torr. & Kingdon-Ward Rhododendron austrinum (Small) Ericaceae Ericaceae Rehder Rhododendron caliginis P.Kores Rhododendron alabamense Rehder Ericaceae R Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron X azaleodendron Rhododendron callimorphum Balf. f. Rhododendron albrechtii Maxim. M.Vilm. & Bois & W.W.Sm. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron album Buch.-Ham. Rhododendron azaleoides Desf. Rhododendron calophytum Franch. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae = Rhododendron ponticum L. Rhododendron amamiense Ohwi Rhododendron calostrotum Balf. f. Ericaceae Rhododendron bagobonum H.F.Copel. & Kingdon-Ward Ericaceae Rhododendron ambiguum Hemsl. Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron balfourianum Diels Rhododendron camelliiflorum Hook. f. Ericaceae Rhododendron anagalliflorum Ericaceae Wernham Rhododendron barbatum Wall. Rhododendron campanulatum D.Don Ericaceae ex G.Don Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron annae Franch. ◆ Weed Rhododendron campylocarpum Hook. f. Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron basilicum Balf. f. Rhododendron anthopogon D.Don & W.W.Sm. Rhododendron campylogynum Franch. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 409 Rhododendron canadense (L.) Torr. Rhododendron commonae K.Först. Rhododendron dielsianum Schltr. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Rhododendron complexum Balf. f. Rhododendron edgeworthii Hook. f. Rhododendron canescens (Michx.) & W.W.SM. Ericaceae Sweet Ericaceae Rhododendron elegantulum Tagg Ericaceae Rhododendron concatenans Hutch. & Forrest ◆ Weed Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron carneum Hutch. Rhododendron concinnoides Rhododendron elliottii G.Watt Ericaceae Hutchinson & Kingdon-Ward Ericaceae Rhododendron carolinianum Rehder Ericaceae Rhododendron ellipticum Maxim. Ericaceae Rhododendron concinnum Hemsl. Ericaceae Rhododendron carringtoniae F.Müell. Ericaceae Rhododendron emarginatum Hemsl. Ericaceae Rhododendron crassifolium Stapf & E.H.Wilson Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron crassum Franch. Rhododendron ericoides H.Low Rhododendron caucasicum Pall. Ericaceae ex Hook. f. Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron crinigerum Franch. Rhododendron cerasinum Tagg Ericaceae Rhododendron eriocarpum (Hayata) Ericaceae Nakai Rhododendron cruttwellii Sleumer Ericaceae Rhododendron chaetomallum Balf. f. Ericaceae & Forrest Rhododendron excellens Hemsl. Rhododendron cubittii Hutch. Ericaceae & E.H.Wilson Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron championae Hook. Rhododendron culminicolum F.Müell. Ericaceae Rhododendron eximium Nutt. Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron charitopes Balf. f. Rhododendron cyanocarpum (Franch.) & Farrer Rhododendron exquisitum Hutch. W.W.SM. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron chengshienianum Fang Rhododendron faberi Hemsl. Rhododendron dalhousiae Hook. f. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron christi K.Forst. Rhododendron facetum Balf. f. Rhododendron dasycladum Balf. f. Ericaceae & Kingdon-Ward & W.W.Sm. Ericaceae Rhododendron christianae Sleumer Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron falconeri Hook. f. Rhododendron dauricum L. Ericaceae Rhododendron christianae Sleumer X Ericaceae Rhododendron jasminiflorum Hook. Rhododendron fallacinum Sleumer Rhododendron davidsonianum Rehder Ericaceae Ericaceae & E.H.Wilson Rhododendron christianae Sleumer Ericaceae Rhododendron fastigiatum Franch. X Rhododendron konori Becc. Ericaceae Rhododendron decorum Franch. R Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron ferrugineum L. Rhododendron chrysodoron Tagg ◆ Weed Ericaceae ◆ ex Hutch. Weed Rhododendron degronianum Carrière Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron fictolacteum Balf. f. Rhododendron ciliatum Hook. f. See: Rhododendron japonicum Ericaceae Ericaceae (A.Gray) J.V.Suringar, Rhododendron Rhododendron fimbriatum Hutch. metternichii Siebold & Zucc., Ericaceae Rhododendron ciliicalyx Franch. nom. illeg., Rhododendron Ericaceae yakushimanum Nakai Rhododendron flammeum (Michx.) Sarg. Rhododendron ciliipes Hutchinson Rhododendron delavayi Franch. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron fletcherianum Davidian Rhododendron X cilipinense Bowler Rhododendron dendricola Hutch. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron floribundum Franch. Rhododendron cinnabarinum Hook. f. Rhododendron dianthosmum Sleumer Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron formosanum Hemsl. Rhododendron coelicum Balf. f. Rhododendron diaprepes Balf. f. Ericaceae & Forrest & W.W.Sm. Ericaceae Rhododendron formosum Wall. Ericaceae Ericaceae

410 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Rhododendron forrestii Balf. f. ex Diels Rhododendron horlickianum Davidian Rhododendron keiskei Miq. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron fortunei Lindl. Rhododendron houlstonii Hemsl. Rhododendron keleticum Balf. f. Ericaceae & E.H.Wilson & Forrest Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron fulvum Balf. f. & W.W.Sm. Rhododendron hunnewellianum Rhododendron keysii Nutt. Ericaceae Rehder & Wils. Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron galactinum Balf. f. Rhododendron kiusianum Makino ex Tagg Rhododendron hyacinthosmum Ericaceae Ericaceae Sleumer Rhododendron konori Becc. Ericaceae Rhododendron gardenia Schltr. Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron hyperythrum Hayata Rhododendron konori Becc. X Ericaceae Rhododendron genestierianum Forrest Rhododendron lochiae F.Müell. Ericaceae Rhododendron impeditum Balf. f. Ericaceae & W.W.Sm. Rhododendron glaucophyllum Rehder Rhododendron konori Becc. X Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron zoelleri Warb. Rhododendron inconspicuum J.J.Sm. Ericaceae Rhododendron glischrum Balf. f. Ericaceae & W.W.Sm. Rhododendron kotschyi Simonkai Ericaceae Rhododendron indicum (L.) Sweet Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron gracilentum F.Müell. Rhododendron lacteum Franch. See: Azalea indica L. Ericaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed Rhododendron grande Wight Rhododendron laetum J.J.Sm. Rhododendron insigne Hemsl. Ericaceae Ericaceae & E.H.Wilson Rhododendron griersonianum Balf. f. Ericaceae Rhododendron laetum J.J.Sm. X & Forrest Rhododendron christianae Sleumer Rhododendron intranervatum Sleumer Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron griffithianum Wight Rhododendron laetum J.J.Sm. X Rhododendron intricatum Franch. Ericaceae Rhododendron intranervatum Ericaceae Sleumer Rhododendron habrotrichum Balf. f. Rhododendron irroratum Franch. Ericaceae & W.W.Sm. Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron laetum J.J.Sm. Rhododendron iteaphyllum Hutch. X Rhododendron javanicum Rhododendron haematodes Franch. Ericaceae (Blume) Benn. Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron japanoheptamerum Rhododendron hanceanum Hemsl. Kitam. Rhododendron laetum J.J.Sm. X Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron macgregoriae F.Müell. Rhododendron hancockii Hemsl. Ericaceae Rhododendron japonicum (A.Gray) Ericaceae J.V.Suringar Rhododendron laetum J.J.Sm. X Rhododendron heliolepis Franch. Ericaceae Rhododendron zoelleri Warb. R Ericaceae = Rhododendron degronianum Ericaceae Carriere var. heptamerum (Maxim.) Rhododendron hellwigii Warb. Rhododendron lapponicum (L.) Wahlenb. Sealy ex Davidian Ericaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed Rhododendron hemitrichotum Balf. f. Rhododendron lasiostylum Hayata Rhododendron jasminiflorum Hook. & Forrest Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron lateum J.J.Sm. Rhododendron javanicum (Blume) Benn. Rhododendron hemsleyanum Wils. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron latoucheae Franch. Rhododendron johnstoneanum Rhododendron herzogii Warb. Ericaceae (Brandis) G.Watt ex Hutch. Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron lepidostylum Balf. f. Rhododendron hippophaeoides Balf. f. & Forrest Rhododendron kaempferi Planch. & W.W.Sm. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron lepidotum Wall. Rhododendron kanehiraei Wilson Rhododendron hirsutum L. ex G.Don Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron kawakamii Hayata Rhododendron hongkongense Hutch. Rhododendron leptanthum F.Müell. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 411 Rhododendron leptothrium Balf. f. Rhododendron maculiferum Franch. Rhododendron montroseanum Davidian & Forrest Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron maddenii Hook. f. Rhododendron morii Hayata Rhododendron leucaspis Tagg Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron magnificum Rhododendron moulmainense Hook. f. Rhododendron leucogigas Sleumer Kingdon-Ward Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron moupinense Franch. Rhododendron lindleyi T.Moore Rhododendron maius (J.J.Sm.) Sleumer Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron mucronatum (Blume) Rhododendron linearifolium Siebold Rhododendron makinoi Tagg ex Nakai G.Don & Zucc. nom. illeg. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron malayanum Jack Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz. = Rhododendron macrosepalum Ericaceae Ericaceae Maxim. Rhododendron mallotum Balf. f. Rhododendron multicolor Miq. Rhododendron litangense Balf. f. & F.K.Ward Ericaceae ex Hutch. Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron multinervium Sleumer Rhododendron manipurense Balf. f. Ericaceae Rhododendron litiense Balf. f. & Forrest & G.Watt Ericaceae Rhododendron myrtifolium Schott Ericaceae & Kotschy Rhododendron lochiae F.Müell. X Rhododendron mariesii Hemsl. Ericaceae Rhododendron macgregoriae F.Müell. & E.H.Wilson Ericaceae Rhododendron nakaharae Hayata Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron loranthiflorum Sleumer Rhododendron maximum L. Ericaceae Rhododendron nankotaisanense Hayata Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron lowii Hook. f. ◆ Weed Ericaceae Rhododendron neriiflorum Franch. Rhododendron meddianum Forrest Ericaceae Rhododendron lucidum Franch., Ericaceae nom. illeg. Rhododendron nervosulum Sleumer Rhododendron megacalyx Balf. f. Ericaceae Ericaceae & Kingdon-Ward = Rhododendron vernicosum Franch. Ericaceae Rhododendron nitens Hutchinson Rhododendron luraluense Sleumer Ericaceae Rhododendron megeratum Balf. f. Ericaceae & Forrest Rhododendron niveum Hook. f. Rhododendron luteiflorum (Davidian) Ericaceae Ericaceae Cullen Rhododendron mekongense Franch. Rhododendron notiale Craven Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron lutescens Franch. Rhododendron melinanthum Balf. f. Rhododendron nuttallii T.J.Booth Ericaceae & Kingdon-Ward ex Nutt. Rhododendron luteum Sweet Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae R Rhododendron metternichii Siebold Rhododendron obtusum (Lindl.) Planch. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 & Zucc. nom. illeg. Ericaceae Rhododendron lyi H.Lév. Ericaceae Rhododendron occidentale (Torr. Ericaceae = Rhododendron degronianum & A.Gray) A.Gray Carriere var. heptamerum (Maxim.) Rhododendron macabeanum G.Watt Ericaceae Sealy ex Davidian ex Balf. f. ◆ Weed Ericaceae Rhododendron micranthum Turcz. Rhododendron ochraceum Rehder Ericaceae Rhododendron macgregoriae F.Müell. & E.H.Wilson Ericaceae Rhododendron microphyton Franch. Ericaceae ◆ Weed Ericaceae Rhododendron odoriferum Hutchinson Rhododendron macrophyllum D.Don Rhododendron minus Michx. Ericaceae ex G.Don Ericaceae Rhododendron oldhamii Maxim. Ericaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Ericaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Rhododendron molle (Blume) G.Don Rhododendron orbiculare Decne. Rhododendron macrosepalum Maxim. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae See: Azalea japonica A.Gray, Azalea See: Rhododendron linearifolium mollis Blume, Azalea sinensis G.Lodd. Rhododendron oreodoxa Franch. Siebold & Zucc. nom. illeg. ◆ Weed Ericaceae

412 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Rhododendron oreotrephes W.W.Sm. Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum Rhododendron russatum Balf. f. Ericaceae Hayata & Forrest Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron ovatum (Lindl.) Maxim. Ericaceae Rhododendron pubescens Balf. f. Rhododendron saluenense Franch. & Forrest Ericaceae Rhododendron pachypodum Balf. f. Ericaceae & W.W.Sm. Rhododendron sanctum Nakai Ericaceae Rhododendron pulchrum Sweet Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron pachysanthum Hayata Rhododendron sanguineum Franch. Ericaceae Rhododendron puralbum Balf. f. Ericaceae & W.W.Sm. Rhododendron pauciflorum King Rhododendron santapaui Sastry, Ericaceae & Gamble Kataki, Peter Cox, Patricia Cox Ericaceae Rhododendron quadrasianum S.Vidal & P.Hutchison Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron pemakoense Kingdon-Ward Rhododendron racemosum Franch. Rhododendron saxifragoides J.J.Sm. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron perakense King Rhododendron radicans Balf. f. & Forrest Rhododendron scabridibracteum & Gamble Ericaceae Sleumer Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron ramsdenianum Cowan Rhododendron phaeochitum F.Müell. Ericaceae Rhododendron scabrifolium Franch. Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron reticulatum D.Don Rhododendron phaeopeplum Sleumer Ericaceae Rhododendron scabrum G.Don Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron retivenium Sleumer Rhododendron piercei Davidian Ericaceae Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim. Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron retusum (Blume) Benn. Rhododendron planetum Balf. f. Ericaceae Rhododendron schoddei Sleumer Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron rex H.Lèv. Rhododendron polyandrum Hutchinson Ericaceae Rhododendron scintillans Balf. f. Ericaceae & W.W.Sm. Rhododendron rhabdotum Balf. f. Ericaceae Rhododendron polyanthemum Sleumer & R.E.Cooper Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron scopulorum Hutchinson Ericaceae Rhododendron polycladum Franch. Rhododendron rhodoleucum Sleumer Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron searsiae Rehder & E.H.Wilson Rhododendron polylepis Franch. Rhododendron rigidum Franch. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron selense Franch. Rhododendron ponticum L. Rhododendron ririei Hemsl. & Wils. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae See: Rhododendron azaleoides Desf. Rhododendron semibarbatum Maxim. ◆ Rhododendron robinsonii Ridl. Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 5 Ericaceae Ericaceae R Rhododendron poukhanense H.Lèv. Rhododendron serpyllifolium Rhododendron roseum Rehder, Ericaceae (A.Gray) Miq. nom. illeg. Ericaceae Rhododendron praestans Balf. f. Ericaceae & W.W.Sm. = Rhododendron prinophyllum Rhododendron serrulatum (Small) Millais Ericaceae (Small) Millais Ericaceae Rhododendron preptum Balf. f. = Rhododendron viscosum (L.) Torr. Rhododendron roxieanum Forrest & Forrest Ericaceae Rhododendron sidereum Balf. f. Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron rubellum Sleumer Rhododendron prinophyllum (Small) Ericaceae Rhododendron siderophyllum Franch. Millais Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron rubiginosum Franch. See: Rhododendron roseum Rehder Ericaceae Rhododendron sikayotaizanense nom. illeg. Masam. Rhododendron rubropilosum Hayata Ericaceae Rhododendron protistum Balf. f. Ericaceae & Forrest Rhododendron simiarum Hance Rhododendron rugosum H.Low Ericaceae Ericaceae ex Hook. f. Rhododendron prunifolium (Small) Ericaceae Rhododendron simsii Planch. Millais Ericaceae Ericaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 413 Rhododendron sinogrande Balf. f. Rhododendron ungernii Trautv. Rhododendron yedoense Maxim. & W.W.Sm. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron uvarifolium Diels Rhododendron yelliotii Warb. Rhododendron smirnowii Trautv. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron valentinianum Forrest Rhododendron yongii Argent Rhododendron souliei Franch. ex Hutch. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron yunnanense Franch. Rhododendron sperabile Balf. f. & Farrer Rhododendron vaseyi A.Gray Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron zeylanicum T.J.Booth Rhododendron spiciferum Franch. Rhododendron veitchianum Hook. Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhododendron zoelleri Warb. Rhododendron spinuliferum Franch. Rhododendron venator Tagg Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhodohypoxis baurii (Baker) Nel Rhododendron spondylophyllum Rhododendron vernicosum Franch. Liliaceae F.Müell. Ericaceae Rhodohypoxis milloides (Baker) Ericaceae See: Rhododendron lucidum Franch. nom. illeg. Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Rhododendron stenaulum Balf. f. Liliaceae & W.W.Sm. Rhododendron virgatum Hook. f. Ericaceae Rhodoleia championii Hook. f. Ericaceae Hamamelidaceae Rhododendron stenophyllum Hook. f. Rhododendron viscosum (L.) Torr. Ericaceae Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. ex Becc. Myrtaceae Ericaceae See: Rhododendron serrulatum (Small) Millais See: Rhodomyrtus tomentosus Rhododendron subsessile Rendle (Ait.) Hassk. Rhododendron vitis-idaea Sleumer Ericaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Ericaceae Rhododendron sumatranum Merr. Rhodomyrtus tomentosus (Ait.) Hassk. Rhododendron wadanum Makino Ericaceae Myrtaceae Ericaceae = Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Rhododendron superbum Sleumer Rhododendron wallichii Hook. f. (Aiton) Hassk. Ericaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 Rhododendron sutchuenense Franch. Rhododendron wardii W.W.Sm. Rhodophiala advena (Ker Gawl.) Traub Ericaceae Ericaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Rhododendron websterianum Rehder Rhodophiala bagnoldii (Herb.) Traub Rhododendron taggianum Hutch. & Wils. Liliaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhodophiala bifida (Herb.) Traub Rhododendron taliense Franch. Rhododendron westlandii Hemsl. Liliaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhodophiala chilensis (L’Hérit) Traub Rhododendron tapetiforme Balf. f. Rhododendron weyrichii Maxim. Liliaceae & F.K.Ward Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhodophiala elwesii (C.W.Wright) Traub R Rhododendron wightii Hook. f. Liliaceae Rhododendron taronense Hutchinson Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhodothamnus chamaecistus (L.) Rchb. Rhododendron williamsianum Rehder Ericaceae Rhododendron tephropeplum Balf. f. & E.H.Wilson Rhodotypos kerrioides Sieb. & Zucc. & Forrest Ericaceae Ericaceae Rosaceae Rhododendron williamsii Merr. Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino Rhododendron thomsonii Hook. f. ex H.F.Copeland Rosaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Rhododendron trichocladum Franch. Rhododendron wiltonii Hemsl. & Wils. Rhoeo discolor (L’Hérit.) Hance Ericaceae Ericaceae Commelinaceae Rhododendron trichostomum Franch. Rhododendron womersleyi Sleumer = Tradescantia spathacea Sw. Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhoeo spathacea (Sw.) Stearn Rhododendron triflorum Hook. f. Rhododendron xanthostephanum Merr. Commelinaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae = Tradescantia spathacea Sw. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 Rhododendron tsangpoense F.K.Ward Rhododendron yakushimanum Nakai Ericaceae Ericaceae Rhoicissus tomentosa (Lam.) Wild = Rhododendron degronianum & R.B.Drumm. Rhododendron tuba Sleumer Carriere var. yakushimanum (Nakai) Vitaceae Ericaceae Kitam. ◆ Weed - 3

414 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Rhombophyllum dolabriforme Rhus hypoleuca Champ. ex Benth. Rhus trilobata Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray Schwantes Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Rhus incisa L. f. Rhombophyllum nelii Schwantes Anacardiaceae Rhus typhina L. Aizoaceae Anacardiaceae Rhus integrifolia (Nutt.) W.H.Brewer ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 Rhombophyllum rhomboideum & S.Watson Schwantes Anacardiaceae Rhus undulata Jacq. Aizoaceae Anacardiaceae Rhus javanica L. ◆ Weed Rhopaloblaste augusta (Kurz) H.E.Moore Anacardiaceae Arecaceae Rhus vernicifera Salisb. Rhus lancea L. f. Anacardiaceae Rhopaloblaste ceramica (Miq.) Burret Anacardiaceae = vernix (L.) Kuntze Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Rhus verniciflua Stokes Rhopaloblaste elegans H.E.Moore Rhus laurina Nutt. Anacardiaceae Arecaceae Anacardiaceae = Toxicodendron vernicifluum = Malosma laurina (Nutt.) Nutt. Rhopaloblaste ledermanniana Becc. (Stokes) F.A.Barkley ex Abrams Arecaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Rhopaloblaste singaporensis (Becc.) Rhus vernix L. Rhus leptodictya Diels Benth. & Hook. f. Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Arecaceae = Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Rhopalostylis baueri H.Wendl. & Drude Rhus longipes Engl. Arecaceae Rhus viminalis Aiton Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Rhopalostylis cheesemanii Becc. Rhus lucida L. ex Cheesem. Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) Anacardiaceae Arecaceae C.E.Hubb. ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 Poaceae Rhopalostylis sapida H.Wendl. & Drude Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss = Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka Arecaceae Anacardiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Rhus angustifolia L. Rhus ovata S.Watson Rhynchocalyx lawsonioides Oliv. Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Rhynchocalycaceae Rhus aromatica Aiton ◆ Weed Rhynchoglossum gardneri W.L.Theob. Anacardiaceae Rhus oxyacantha Schousb. ex Cav. & Grupe ◆ Weed - 5 Anacardiaceae Gesneriaceae Rhus chinensis Mill. Rhus potaninii Maxim. Rhyncholaelia digbyana (Benth.) Schltr. Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Orchidaceae Rhus chirindensis Bak. f. Rhus pulvinata Greene Rhyncholaelia glauca (Lindl.) Schltr. Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Orchidaceae Rhus copallina L. Rhus radicans L. Rhynchosia aurea (Willd.) DC. Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 3 = Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze Rhynchosia elegantissima Schinz R Rhus coriaria L. ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 - 4 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Anacardiaceae Rhus scandens Salisb. ◆ Weed - 2 Rhynchosia hagenbeckii Harms Anacardiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Rhus crenata Thunb. = Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze Anacardiaceae Rhynchosia hirta (Andrews) Meikle Rhus succedanea L. & Verdc. Rhus delavayi Franch. Anacardiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Anacardiaceae = Toxicodendron succedaneum ◆ Weed (L.) Kuntze Rhus diversiloba Torr. & A.Gray ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Rhynchosia phaseoloides (Sw.) DC. Anacardiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Toxicodendron diversilobum Rhus sylvestris Sieb. & Zucc. (Torr. & A.Gray) Greene Anacardiaceae Rhynchosia pyramidalis (Lam.) Urb. ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Rhus glabra L. Rhus toxicodendron L. Rhynchosia sublobata (Schumach.) Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Meikle ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 = Toxicodendron pubescens Mill. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed Rhus glabra L. X Rhus typhina L. Anacardiaceae Rhus trichocarpa Miq. Rhynchosia totta (Thunb.) DC. Anacardiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 415 Rhynchosia usambarensis Taub. Ribes grossularia L. Ribes warszewiczii Jancz. ex Vilm. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Grossulariaceae & Bois = Ribes uva-crispa L. Grossulariaceae Rhynchostele bictoniensis (Bateman) Soto Arenas & Salazar Ribes indecorum Eastw. Ribes watsonianum Koehne Orchidaceae Grossulariaceae Grossulariaceae See: Odontoglossum bictoniense Ribes komarovii Pojark. Riccia fluitans L. (Bateman) Lindl. Grossulariaceae Ricciaceae Rhynchostylis coelestis (Rchb. f.) Rchb. ◆ Weed Ribes laurifolium Jancz. f. ex H.J.Veitch Grossulariaceae Richardia brasiliensis (Moq.) Gomez Orchidaceae Araceae Ribes magellanicum Poir. Rhynchostylis gigantea Ridley ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Grossulariaceae Orchidaceae Richardia elliottiana W.Watson Ribes malvaceum Sm. Rhynchostylis retusa Blume Araceae Grossulariaceae Orchidaceae Richardia humistrata (Cham. Ribes menziesii Pursh Rhyticocos amara (Jacq.) Becc. & Schltdl.) Steud. Grossulariaceae Arecaceae Araceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 3 Rhytidocaulon macrolobum Lavranos Ribes nigrum L. Asclepiadaceae Richardia scabra L. Grossulariaceae Araceae ◆ Rhytidophyllum petiolare DC. Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Gesneriaceae Ribes odoratum H.L.Wendl. Richardia stellaris (Cham. & Schltdl.) Rhytidophyllum tomentosum (L.) Grossulariaceae Steud. Mart. ex DC. = Ribes aureum Pursh var. Araceae Gesneriaceae villosum DC. ◆ Weed - N - 3A ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Ricinocarpus pinifolius Desf. Ribes alpinum L. Ribes petraeum Wulfen Euphorbiaceae Grossulariaceae Grossulariaceae ◆ Weed Ricinus communis L. Ribes rubrum L. Euphorbiaceae Ribes ambiguum Maxim. Grossulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Grossulariaceae See: Ribes sativum (Rchb.) Syme ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Ridleyella paniculata (Ridl.) Schltr. Ribes americanum Mill. Orchidaceae Grossulariaceae Ribes rubrum L. X Ribes uva-crispa L. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Grossulariaceae Rigidella flammea Lindl. Iridaceae Ribes aureum Pursh Ribes sanguineum Pursh Grossulariaceae Grossulariaceae Rigidella orthantha Lem. See: Ribes odoratum H.L.Wendl. See: Ribes glutinosum Benth. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A scandens J.R.Forst. Ribes cereum Dougl. Ribes sativum (Rchb.) Syme & G.Forst. Grossulariaceae Grossulariaceae Smilacaceae ◆ Weed = Ribes rubrum L. Ritterocereus hystrix (Haw.) Backeb. R ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Ribes cynosbati L. Cactaceae Grossulariaceae Ribes speciosum Pursh = Stenocereus fimbriatus (Lam.) ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Grossulariaceae Lourteig ◆ Weed Ribes diacanthum Pall. L. Phytolaccaceae Grossulariaceae Ribes spicatum E.Robson ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5A Grossulariaceae Ribes fasciculatum Sieb. & Zucc. ◆ Weed - 2 Rivina portulaccoides Nutt. Grossulariaceae Phytolaccaceae Ribes triste Pall. Ribes glandulosum Grauer Grossulariaceae Robinia X ambigua Poir. Grossulariaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 3 = Robinia pseudoacacia L. X Robinia Ribes uva-crispa L. Ribes glutinosum Benth. viscosa Vent. Grossulariaceae Grossulariaceae See: Ribes grossularia L. Robinia boyntonii Ashe = Ribes sanguineum Pursh var. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae glutinosum (Benth.) Loudon = Robinia hispida L. var. rosea Pursh ◆ Weed Ribes uva-crispa var. sativum L. Grossulariaceae Robinia decaisneana Verlot Ribes X gordonianum Lem. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Grossulariaceae = Robinia pseudoacacia L. X Robinia viscosa Ventenat

416 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Robinia fertilis Ashe Rodgersia henrici A.Franchet Romneya trichocalyx Eastw. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Saxifragaceae Papaveraceae = Robinia hispida L. var. fertilis ◆ Weed - N - 1A Rodgersia henricii (Franchet) Franch. (Ashe) Clausen Saxifragaceae albomarginata M.P.de Vos Robinia hispida L. = Rodgersia aesculifolia Batalin Iridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Rodgersia nepalensis Cope ex Cullen Romulea amoena Schltr. ex Beg. See: Robinia boyntonii Ashe, Saxifragaceae Iridaceae Robinia fertilis Ashe, Robinia kelseyi J.F.Cowell ex Hutch. Rodgersia pinnata Franch. Romulea austinii Phillips ◆ Weed - 1 Saxifragaceae Iridaceae Robinia hispida L. X Robinia Rodgersia podophylla A.Gray Romulea autumnalis L.Bolus pseudoacacia L. Saxifragaceae Iridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Romulea bulbocodium (L.) Sebast. = Robinia X slavinii Rehder Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsl. & Mauri Robinia kelseyi J.F.Cowell ex Hutch. Saxifragaceae Iridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Rodgersia tabularis (Hemsl. = Robinia hispida L. var. kelseyi Saxifragaceae Romulea campanuloides Harms. (Cowell ex Hutchinson) Isely Rodriguezia compacta Schltr. Iridaceae Robinia X margaretta Ashe Orchidaceae = Romulea camerooniana Baker Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Romulea camerooniana Baker = Robinia X slavinii Rehder Rodriguezia secunda Kunth Orchidaceae Iridaceae Robinia neomexicana A.Gray See: Romulea campanuloides Harms. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Rodriguezia venusta Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Romulea citrina Baker Robinia pseudoacacia L. Iridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Roegneria fibrosa (Schrenk) Nevski Romulea clusiana (Lange) Nyman ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Poaceae Iridaceae Robinia X slavinii Rehder Roegneria ugamica (Drobow) Nevski Romulea columnae Sebast. & Mauri Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae Iridaceae See: Robinia hispida L. X Robinia Roella ciliata L. pseudoacacia L., Robinia X Campanulaceae Romulea crocea Boiss. & Held. margaretta Ashe Iridaceae Roemeria hybrida (L.) DC. Robinia viscosa Vent. Papaveraceae Romulea dichotoma Baker Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Rohdea japonica (Thunb.) Roth Romulea diversiformis M.P.de Vos Robiquetia bertholdii (Rchb. f.) Schltr. Liliaceae Iridaceae Orchidaceae Roldana petasitis (Sims) H.Rob. & Brettell Romulea duthieae L.Bolus Robiquetia fuerstenbergiana (Schltr.) Asteraceae Iridaceae Schltr. See: Senecio petasitis (Sims) DC. = Romulea tabularis Ecklon ex Bég. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Romulea eximia M.P.de Vos Robiquetia hamata Schltr. Rollinia deliciosa Saff. Iridaceae Orchidaceae R Annonaceae Romulea flava (Lam.) M.P.De Vos Robiquetia spathulata (Blume) J.J.Sm. = Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill. Iridaceae Orchidaceae Rollinia exalbida Mart. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Robiquetia succisa (Lindl.) Seidenf. Annonaceae Romulea grandiscapa Baker & Garay Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill. Iridaceae Orchidaceae Annonaceae Romulea hallii M.P.de Vos Robiquetia tierneyana (Rupp) Dockrill Rollinia pulchrinervis A.DC. Iridaceae Orchidaceae Annonaceae Romulea hartungii Parl. ex G.Hartung See: Rollinia deliciosa Saff. Rochea coccinea (L.) DC. Iridaceae Crassulaceae Rollinia sylvatica (A.St.-Hil.) Mart. Romulea hirsuta Eckl. ◆ Weed Annonaceae Iridaceae Rochea jasminea DC. Romanzoffia sitchensis Bong. Romulea hirta Schltr. Crassulaceae Hydrophyllaceae Iridaceae Rodgersia aesculifolia Batalin Romanzoffia unalaschcensis Cham. Romulea kamisensis M.P.de Vos Saxifragaceae Hydrophyllaceae Iridaceae See: Rodgersia henricii (Franchet) Romneya coulteri Harv. Franch. Romulea keniensis Hedberg Papaveraceae ◆ Weed - 2 Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 417 Romulea komsbergensis M.P.de Vos Romulea speciosa Baker Rorippa microphylla (Boenn. ex Rchb.) Iridaceae Iridaceae Hyl. ex Á.Löve & D.Löve Brassicaceae Romulea leipoldtii Marais Romulea subfistulosa M.P.de Vos = Nasturtium microphyllum Boenn. Iridaceae Iridaceae ex Rchb. Romulea longifolia (Salisb.) Baker Romulea tabularis Ecklon ex Bég. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 Iridaceae Iridaceae Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum = (L.) Eckl. var. See: Romulea duthieae L.Bolus (L.) Hayek australis (Ewart) de Vos Romulea tetragona M.P.de Vos Brassicaceae Romulea luteoflora (M.P.de Vos) Iridaceae = Nasturtium officinale R.Br. M.P.de Vos ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Romulea tortuosa (Lichtenst. ex Roem. Iridaceae & Schult.) Baker (L.) Besser Romulea minutiflora Klatt Iridaceae Brassicaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Romulea toximontana M.P.de Vos ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Iridaceae Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser Romulea monadelpha Baker Brassicaceae Romulea triflora (Burm. f.) N.E.Br. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Iridaceae Romulea montana Sclecht. ex Béguin. Rosa acicularis Lindl. Romulea unifolia M.P.de Vos Iridaceae Rosaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Romulea monticola M.P.de Vos Romulea vinacea M.P.de Vos Iridaceae Rosa agrestis Savi Iridaceae Rosaceae Romulea multisulcata M.P.de Vos Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. ◆ Weed Iridaceae Rubiaceae Rosa X alba L. Romulea namaquensis M.P.de Vos Rondeletia buddleioides Bentham Rosaceae Iridaceae McPherson = Rosa arvensis Huds. X Rosa gallica Romulea numidica Jord. & Fourr. Rubiaceae L. or Rosa corymbifera Borkh. or Iridaceae Rosa canina L. X Rosa damascena Rondeletia cordata Benth. Mill. [disputed parentage with Romulea obscura Klatt Rubiaceae various possible combinations] Iridaceae Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Rubiaceae Rosa altaica Willd. Romulea pearsonii M.P.de Vos Rondeletia odorata Jacq. Rosaceae Iridaceae Rubiaceae Rosa anemoniflora Fortune ex Lindl. Romulea pratensis M.P.De Vos ◆ Weed Rosaceae Iridaceae Rondeletia splendens Regel ◆ Weed Rosa arkansana Porter Rubiaceae Rosaceae Romulea purpurascens Tenore Rondeletia strigosa (Benth.) Hemsl. ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 Iridaceae Rubiaceae = Romulea rosea (L.) Eckl. Rosa arvensis Huds. Rondeletia tacanensis Lundell Rosaceae Romulea ramiflora Ten. Rubiaceae ◆ Weed R Iridaceae Ronnbergia deleonii L.B.Sm. Rosa arvensis Huds. X Rosa Romulea rosea (L.) Eckl. Bromeliaceae canina Guillon Iridaceae Rosaceae See: Romulea longifolia (Salisb.) Ronnbergia hathewayi L.B.Smith ◆ Weed Baker, Romulea purpurascens Tenore Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Rosa arvensis Huds. X Rosa Ronnbergia morreniana Linden & André rugosa Thunb. Romulea sabulosa Schltr. ex Beg. Bromeliaceae Rosaceae Iridaceae Ronnbergia nidularioides H.Luther = Rosa X paulii Rehder. Romulea saldanhensis M.P.de Vos Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed Iridaceae Roridula dentata L. Rosa banksiae W.T.Aiton Romulea schlechteri Bég. Byblidaceae Rosaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed Roridula gorgonias Planch. Romulea setifolia N.E.Br. Byblidaceae Rosa beggeriana Schrenk Iridaceae Rosaceae Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern Romulea sladenii M.P.de Vos Brassicaceae Rosa X bifera Poir. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 Rosaceae = Rosa X damascena Mill. ◆ Weed

418 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Rosa blanda Aiton Rosa dumalis Bechst. Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt. Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed Rosa dumetorum Thuill. Rosa X borboniana N.H.F.Desp. Rosaceae Rosa X hardii Paxt. Rosaceae See: Rosa corymbifera Borkh. Rosaceae = Rosa chinensis Jacq. X Rosa ◆ Weed damascena Mill. or Rosa gallica L. Rosa X harisonii Rivers ◆ Weed Rosa X dupontii Déségl. Rosaceae Rosaceae = Rosa foetida Herrm. X Rosa Rosa bracteata J.C.Wendl. = Rosa gallica L. X Rosa moschata spinosissima L. Rosaceae Herrm. [probable parents] ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 5 Rosa ecae Aitch. Rosa hemisphaerica J.Herrm. Rosa brunonii Lindl. Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosa eglanteria L. Rosa henryi Boulenger Rosa californica Cham. & Schltdl. Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae = Rosa rubiginosa L. ◆ Rosa X highdownensis Hillier Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Rosaceae Rosa canina L. Rosa elegantula Rolfe Rosa holodonta Stapf Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Rosaceae Rosa fargesi Boulenger Rosa horrida Fisch. ex Crép. Rosa carolina L. Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Rosa farreri Stapf ex Stearn Rosa hugonis Hemsl. Rosaceae Rosa X centifolia L. Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosa fedtschenkoana Regel = Rosa xanthina Lindl. = Rosa gallica L. X Rosa moschata Rosaceae ◆ Weed Herrm. X Rosa canina L. X Rosa Rosa filipes Rehder & E.H.Wilson Rosa hybrida Schleich. X damascena Mill. [possible Rosaceae Rosaceae combination] ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Rosa incarnata Mill Rosa foetida Herrm. Rosaceae Rosa chinensis Jacq. Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosa X jacksonii Willm. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 2 Rosaceae Rosa foliolosa Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray = Rosa rugosa Thunb. X Rosa Rosa chinensis Jacq. X Rosa moschata Herrm. Rosaceae wichuraiana Crép. ex Déségl. Rosaceae Rosa forrestiana Boulenger Rosa jundzillii Besser ◆ Weed - N Rosaceae Rosaceae See: Rosa marginata auct. non. Wallr. Rosa chinensis Jacq. X Rosa Rosa X fortuneana Lindl. multiflora Thunb. Rosaceae Rosa laevigata Michx. Rosaceae = Rosa banksiae W.T.Aiton X Rosa Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N laevigata Michx. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Rosa cinnamomea L. Rosa X francofurtana Münchh. Rosa latibracteata Bouleng. R Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae = Rosa pendulina L. = Rosa gallica L. X [Rosa cinnamomea ◆ Rosa longicuspis Bertol. Weed - 1 L. or possibly X Rosa majalis J.Herrm.] Rosaceae Rosa corymbifera Borkh. ◆ Weed - 2 Rosa luciae Franch. & Rochebr. ex Crép. Rosaceae Rosa gallica L. Rosaceae = Rosa dumetorum Thuill. Rosaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A Rosa corymbulosa Rolfe Rosa macrophylla Lindl. Rosa gentiliana H.Lèv. & Vaniot Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosa X damascena Mill. Rosa majalis Herrm. Rosa giraldii Crép. Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae = Rosa gallica L. X Rosa moschata ◆ Weed - 2 Herrm. See: Rosa X bifera Poir. Rosa glauca Pourret Rosa marginata auct. non. Wallr. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Rosaceae Rosaceae See: Rosa rubrifolia Vill. Rosa davidii Crép. = Rosa jundzillii Besser ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae Rosa X micrugosa Henkel Rosa glutinosa Sm. Rosa davurica Pall. Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ ◆ Weed Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 419 Rosa montezumae Humb. & Bonpl. Rosa pisocarpa A.Gray Rosa villosa L. ex Red. & Thory Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae See: Rosa pomifera Herrm. Rosa pomifera Herrm. ◆ Weed Rosa moschata Herrm. Rosaceae Rosaceae = Rosa villosa L. Rosa virginiana Mill. ◆ Weed Rosaceae Rosa primula Boulenger ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Rosa moyesii Hemsl. & E.H.Wilson Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosa vosagiaca N.H.F.Desp. Rosa pulverulenta M.Bieb. Rosaceae Rosa mulligani Boulenger Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosa wardii Mulligan Rosa rhaetica Gremli Rosaceae Rosa multibracteata Hemsl. Rosaceae & E.H.Wilson Rosa watsoniana Crép. Rosaceae Rosa roxburghii Tratt. Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosa multiflora Thunb. ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A Rosa webbiana Wall. ex Royle Rosaceae Rosaceae See: Rosa mundi hort. Rosa rubiginosa L. Rosa wichuraiana Crép. ex Déségl. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Rosaceae See: Rosa eglanteria L. Rosaceae Rosa mundi hort. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 = Rosa luciae Franch. & Rochebr. Rosaceae ex Crép. = Rosa multiflora Thunb. ‘Versicolor’ Rosa rubrifolia Vill. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Rosaceae Rosa nitida Willd. = Rosa glauca Pourr. Rosa willmottiae Hemsl. Rosaceae ◆ Weed Rosaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Rosa rubus H.Lèv. & Vaniot Rosa noisettiana Thory Rosa woodsii Lindl. Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Rosa rugosa Thunb. ◆ Weed - 3 Rosaceae Rosa X noisettiana Thory Rosa xanthina Lindl. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed Rosa sempervirens L. See: Rosa hugonis Hemsl. Rosaceae ◆ Weed Rosa X odorata (Andrews) Sweet ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae Roscheria melanochaetes (H.A.Wendl.) = Rosa chinensis Jacq. X Rosa Rosa sericea Lindl. H.A.Wendl. ex Balf. f. gigantea Collett. [most probable Rosaceae Arecaceae combination] ◆ Weed Roscheria melanochoetes H.Wendl. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Rosa sertata Rolfe ex Balf. f. Rosa odorata (Andr.) Sweet Rosaceae Arecaceae Rosaceae Roscoea capitata Sm. ◆ Weed - N Rosa setigera Michx. Rosaceae Zingiberaceae Rosa omeiensis Rolfe ◆ Weed Roscoea cautleoides Gagnep. Rosaceae R Rosa setipoda Hemsl. & E.H.Wilson Zingiberaceae Rosa palustris Marshall Rosaceae Roscoea humeana Balf. f. & W.W.Sm. Rosaceae Zingiberaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Rosa setosa Bess. ex Link Rosaceae Roscoea purpurea Sm. Rosa parvifolia Andrews Zingiberaceae Rosaceae Rosa soulieana Crép. Rosaceae Roscoea scillifolia (Gagnep.) Cowley Rosa X paulii Rehder. Zingiberaceae Rosaceae Rosa spinosissima L. = Rosa arvensis Huds. X Rosa Rosaceae Roscoea tibetica Batalin rugosa Thunb. See: Rosa pimpinellifolia L. Zingiberaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Rosa pendulina L. Rosenbergiodendron formosum Rosaceae Rosa stellata Wooton (Jacq.) Fagerl. See: Rosa cinnamomea L. Rosaceae Rubiaceae ◆ Weed Rosa sweginzowii Koehne Rosenstockia rolandi-principis Rosa persetosa Rolfe Rosaceae (Rosenstock) Copeland Rosaceae Hymenophyllaceae Rosa tomentosa Sm. Rosa pimpinellifolia L. Rosaceae Roseocactus lloydii (Rose) Berger Rosaceae ◆ Weed Cactaceae = Rosa spinosissima L. = Ariocarpus fissuratus (Engelm.) ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 K.Schum.

420 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Rosmarinus angustifolius Mill. Rottlera tinctoria Roxb. Rubus australis G.Forst. Lamiaceae Euphorbiaceae Rosaceae = Rosmarinus officinalis L. Roupala brasiliensis Klotzsch Rubus bogotensis Kunth Rosmarinus lavandulaceus Denoe Proteaceae Rosaceae ex Balansa ◆ Weed - 1 Roupala grossedentata Pittier Lamiaceae Proteaceae Rubus caesius L. Rosmarinus officinalis L. Rosaceae Roupala macrophylla Pohl Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Proteaceae See: Rosmarinus angustifolius Mill. Rubus calycinoides Hayata nom. illeg. ◆ Weed - N - 2 Roupala montana Aubl. Rosaceae Proteaceae (L.) Tzvelev = Rubus hayata-koidzumii Naruh. Poaceae Roupala pseudo-cordata Pittier Rubus cissburiensis W.C.Barton & Ridd. See: Trisetaria cristata (L.) Kerguélen Proteaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Royena glabra L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Rostraria pumila (Desf.) Tzvelev Ebenaceae Rubus cuneifolius Pursh Poaceae Royena lucida L. Rosaceae See: Lophochloa pumila (Desf.) Bor Ebenaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Roystonea altissima (Miller) H.E.Moore Rubus deliciosus Torr. Rosularia globulariifolia A.Berger Arecaceae Rosaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed Roystonea borinquena O.F.Cook Rosularia libanotica (Labill.) Muirh. Arecaceae Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees Crassulaceae Rosaceae Roystonea elata (W.Bartram) F.Harper Rosularia pallida (Schott & Kotschy) Stapf = Rubus ulmifolius Schott Arecaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed Rotala macrandra Koehne Rubus echinatus Lindl. Roystonea oleracea (Jacq.) O.F.Cook Lythraceae Rosaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 3A ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Rotala rotundifolia (Buch.-Ham. Rubus edulis Koid. Roystonea princeps (Becc.) Burret ex Roxb.) Koehne Rosaceae Arecaceae Lythraceae Rubus ellipticus Sm. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F.Cook Rosaceae Arecaceae Rotala wallichii (Hook. f.) Kohn ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5A ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Lythraceae Rubus erythrops Edees & A.Newton Roystonea venezuelana L.H.Bailey Rotheca incisa (Klotzsch) Steane Rosaceae Arecaceae & Mabb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Lamiaceae Rubia cordifolia L. Rubus flagellaris Willd. Rubiaceae Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.) Steane Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 3 & Mabb. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Lamiaceae Rubia fruticosa Aiton Rubus frondosus Bigelow Rubiaceae Rothmannia capensis Thunb. Rosaceae R Rubiaceae Rubia peregrina L. ◆ Weed - 2 Rubiaceae Rothmannia fischeri (K.Schum) Bullock Rubus fruticosus L. agg. = Galium hispidulum Michx. Rubiaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Rothmannia globosa (Hochst.) Keay Rubia tinctorum L. Rubiaceae Rubus geoides Sm. Rubiaceae ◆ Weed Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Rothmannia longiflora Salisb. Rubus hawaiensis A.Gray Rubia yunnanensis Diels Rubiaceae Rosaceae Rubiaceae Rothmannia manganjae (Hiern) Keay Rubus hayata-koidzumii Naruh. Rubus alceifolius Poir. Rubiaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae See: Rubus calycinoides Hayata Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 nom. illeg. Clayton Rubus allegheniensis Porter Poaceae Rubus hillii F.Müell. Rosaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3 - 4 - 5 Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 = Rubus moluccanus L. Rottboellia formosa R.Br. Rubus anglocandicans A.Newton ◆ Weed - Nn Poaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 421 Rubus idaeus L. Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees Rubus velox L.Bailey Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed misapp. in Australia = Rubus laudatus A.Berger Rubus lacinatus Willd. Rubus polyanthemus Lindeb. Rosaceae Rosaceae Rubus vestitus Weihe ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Rubus laciniatus Willd. Rubus procerus P.J.Müll. ex Boulay Rosaceae Rosaceae Rubus villosus Thunb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 Rosaceae ◆ Weed Rubus lambertianus Ser. Rubus pyramidalis Kaltenb. Rosaceae Rosaceae Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schltdl. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N Rosaceae = Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. Rubus laudatus A.Berger Rubus radula Weihe ◆ Weed Rosaceae Rosaceae See: Rubus selmeri Lindeb. misapp. = Rubus leightonii Lees Rubus xanthocarpus Bureau & Franch. ◆ Weed - N & F.M.Leighton Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Rubus leightonii Lees & F.M.Leighton Rubus riddelsdellii Rilstone Rosaceae Rosaceae Rudbeckia californica A.Gray See: Rubus radula Weihe ◆ Weed - N Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A Rubus roribaccus Rydb. Rudbeckia deamii Blake Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. Rosaceae Asteraceae & A.Gray ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A = Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton var. Rosaceae Rubus rosifolius Sm. speciosa (Wender.) Perdue ◆ Weed Rosaceae Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton Rubus leucostachys Schleich. ex Sm. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Asteraceae Rosaceae Rubus rubritinctus W.C.R.Watson See: Rudbeckia deamii Blake, ◆ Weed - N - 3A Rosaceae Rudbeckia speciosa Wender. ◆ Weed - 2 Rubus linearifoliolus Hayata ◆ Weed - N - 3A Rosaceae Rubus rugosus Sm. Rudbeckia hirta L. = Rubus tsangii Merr. Rosaceae Asteraceae ◆ ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Rubus lineatus Reinw. ex Blume Weed - N - 1A - 3A Rosaceae Rubus selmeri Lindeb. Rudbeckia laciniata L. Asteraceae Rubus loganobaccus L.H.Bailey Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Rosaceae = Rubus laudatus A.Berger. = Rubus idaeus L. X Rubus ursinus Rubus spectabilis Pursh Rudbeckia maxima Nutt. Cham. & Schldl. [most probable Rosaceae Asteraceae combination] ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Rudbeckia newmani Loud. ◆ Weed - N - 2 Rubus squarrosus Fritsch Asteraceae Rubus moluccanus L. Rosaceae Rudbeckia nitida Nutt. Rosaceae Asteraceae R See: Rubus hillii F.Müell Rubus strigosus Michx. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 4 - 5 Rosaceae Rudbeckia occidentalis Nutt. ◆ Weed - 3 Asteraceae Rubus odoratus L. ◆ Weed Rosaceae Rubus taiwanianus Matsum. Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 Rudbeckia purpurea L. ◆ Weed Asteraceae Rubus parviflorus Nutt. Rubus thibetanus Franch. Rosaceae Rudbeckia speciosa Wender. Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Asteraceae Rubus tsangii Merr. = Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton var. Rubus pentalobus Hayata Rosaceae speciosa (Wender.) Perdue Rosaceae See: Rubus linearifoliolus Hayata Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh Rubus phaeocarpus W.C.R.Watson ◆ Weed Asteraceae Rosaceae Rubus ulmifolius Schott ◆ Weed - N Rudbeckia triloba L. Rosaceae Asteraceae Rubus philadelphicus Blanch. See: Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A ◆ Weed - N Ruellia affinis (Schrad.) Lindau Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. Acanthaceae Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim. Rosaceae Rosaceae See: Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schltdl. Ruellia angustifolia Sw. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N Acanthaceae

422 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Ruellia barbillana Cufod. Ruellia repens L. Rumex lunaria L. Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Polygonaceae ◆ Weed Ruellia brevifolia (Pohl) C.Ezcurra Rumex obtusifolius L. Acanthaceae Ruellia rosea Hemsl. Polygonaceae See: Ruellia graecizans Backer, Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Stephanophysum longifolium Pohl ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Ruellia spectabilis (Nees) Britton Rumex patientia L. Acanthaceae Polygonaceae Ruellia brittoniana Leonard ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Acanthaceae Ruellia squarrosa (Fenzl) Cufod. = Ruellia tweediana Griseb. Acanthaceae Rumex X pratensis Mert. & Koch ◆ ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Weed - N - 1A - 2A Polygonaceae = Rumex crispus L. X Rumex Ruellia strepens L. Ruellia caroliniensis (J.F.Gmel.) Steud. obtusifolius L. Acanthaceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed See: Ruellia ciliosa Pursh Ruellia tuberosa L. Rumex pulcher L. Acanthaceae Ruellia chartacea (T.Anders.) Wassh. Polygonaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4A - 5 See: Ruellia colorata Baill. Ruellia tweediana Griseb. ◆ Rumex sagittatus Thunb. Weed - 2 Acanthaceae Polygonaceae See: Ruellia brittoniana Leonard Ruellia ciliatiflora Hook. = Acetosa sagittata (Thunb.) ◆ Weed - 3 Acanthaceae L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs See: Ruellia lorentziana Griseb. Rulingia salvifolia Benth. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 ◆ Weed Sterculiaceae Rumex sanguineus L. Ruellia ciliosa Pursh Rumex acetosa L. Polygonaceae Acanthaceae Polygonaceae ◆ Weed - 1 = Ruellia caroliniensis (J.F.Gmel.) ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Steud. ssp. ciliosa (Pursh) R.W.Long Rumex scutatus L. var. cinerascens (Fern.) Kartesz Rumex acetosella L. Polygonaceae & Gandhi Polygonaceae ◆ Weed - 2 See: Acetosella vulgaris Fourr. Ruellia coccinea (L.) Vahl Rumex vesicarius L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Acanthaceae Polygonaceae ◆ Weed Rumex X acutus L. See: Acetosa vesicaria (L.) Á.Löve Polygonaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Ruellia colorata Baill. = Rumex crispus L. X Rumex Acanthaceae Rungia klossii S.Moore obtusifolius L. = Ruellia chartacea (T.Anderson) Acanthaceae Wassh. See: Rumex X pratensis Mert. & Koch Ruprechtia apetala Wedd. Ruellia devosiana Makoy ex E.Murr. ◆ Weed - N Polygonaceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Rumex alpinus L. Ruprechtia polystachya Griseb. Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Ruellia dipteracanthus Hemsl. ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Acanthaceae Ruprechtia salicifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Rumex brownii Campd. C.A.Mey. Ruellia elegans Poir. Polygonaceae Polygonaceae R Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Ruschia albiflora L.Bolus Ruellia graecizans Backer Rumex bucephalophorus L. Aizoaceae Acanthaceae Polygonaceae Ruschia caroli (L.Bolus) Schwantes = Ruellia brevifolia (Pohl) C.Ezcurra ◆ Weed - N - 3A Aizoaceae Ruellia humilis Nutt. Rumex conglomeratus Murray ◆ Weed - 2 Acanthaceae Polygonaceae Ruschia geminiflora (Haw.) Schwantes ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Ruellia lorentziana Griseb. Aizoaceae Acanthaceae Rumex crispus L. ◆ Weed - N = Ruellia ciliatiflora Hook. Polygonaceae Ruschia herrei Schwantes Ruellia macrantha Mart. ex Nees ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Aizoaceae Acanthaceae Rumex flexuosus Soland. ex Hook. f. Ruschia hexamera L.Bolus Ruellia makoyana Makoy ex Closon Polygonaceae Aizoaceae Acanthaceae Rumex frutescens Thouars Ruschia intrusa (Kensit) L.Bolus Ruellia portellae Hook. f. Polygonaceae Aizoaceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Ruschia macowanii (L.Bolus) Ruellia prostrata Poir. Rumex hydrolapathum Huds. Schwantes Acanthaceae Polygonaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 423 Ruschia pungens (A.Berger) Jacobsen Ruta graveolens L. Aizoaceae Rutaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Ruschia rubricaulis (Haw.) L.Bolus Aizoaceae Ruta montana (L.) L. Rutaceae Ruschia rupis-arcuatae (Dinter) Friedrich ◆ Weed Aizoaceae Ruta pinnata L. f. Ruschia sarmentosa (Haw.) Schwantes Rutaceae Aizoaceae Ruttya fruticosa Lindau Ruschia strubeniae (L.Bolus) Acanthaceae Schwantes ex H.Jacobsen Aizoaceae Ruttya speciosa (Hochst.) Engl. Acanthaceae Ruschia tumidula (Haw.) Schwantes Aizoaceae Ryparosa acuminata Merr. ◆ Weed - Nn - 5 Flacourtiaceae Ruschia uncinata (L.) Schwantes Ryparosa baccaureoides Sleumer Aizoaceae Flacourtiaceae Ruscus aculeatus L. Ryparosa glauca Ridl. Liliaceae Flacourtiaceae ◆ Weed Ryparosa hirsuta J.J.Sm. Ruscus hypoglossum L. Flacourtiaceae Liliaceae Ryparosa hullettii King ◆ Weed - 2 Flacourtiaceae Ruscus hypophyllum L. Ryparosa kostermansii Sleumer Liliaceae Flacourtiaceae Ruscus X microglossus Bertol. Liliaceae = Ruscus hypoglossum L. X Ruscus hypophyllum L. Ruscus ponticus Woronow Liliaceae Ruspolia hypocrateriformis (Vahl) Milne Redh. Acanthaceae ◆ Weed Ruspolia seticalyx (C.B.Clarke) Milne-Redh. Acanthaceae Russelia equisetiformis Schltdl. & Cham. R Scrophulariaceae See: Russelia juncea Zucc. ◆ Weed - N - 1 Russelia juncea Zucc. Scrophulariaceae = Russelia equisetiformis Schltdl. & Cham. Russelia sarmentosa Jacq. Scrophulariaceae Ruta angustifolia Pers. Rutaceae Ruta chalepensis L. Rutaceae ◆ Weed Ruta corsica DC. Rutaceae

424 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Sadleria cyatheoides S Credit: Forest and Kim Starr Sabal bermudana L.H.Bailey Sabina pachyphlaea (Torr.) Antoine Sageretia theezans (L.) Brongn. Arecaceae Cupressaceae Rhamnaceae = Juniperus pachyphlaea Torr. = Sageretia thea (Osbeck) M.C.Johnst. Sabal blackburniana Glazebr. ex Schult. & Schult. f. Sabina vulgaris Antoine Sagina apetala Arduino Arecaceae Cupressaceae Caryophyllaceae = Juniperus sabina L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Sabal causiarum (O.F.Cook) Becc. Arecaceae Sabinea carinalis Griseb. Sagina glabra (Willdenow) Fenzl Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Caryophyllaceae Sabal domingensis Becc. Arecaceae Saccharum officinarum L. Sagina maritima Don Poaceae Caryophyllaceae Sabal etonia Swingle ex Nash ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Arecaceae Saccharum officinarum L. X Saccharum L. Sabal longepedunculata Gentil spontaneum L. Caryophyllaceae Arecaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Sabal mauritiiformis (H.Karst.) Griseb. Saccharum ravennae (L.) L. Sagina subulata (Sw.) C.Presl & H.Wendl. Poaceae Caryophyllaceae Arecaceae See: Erianthus ravennae (L.) P.Beauv. ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 brevirostra Mack. & Bush Sabal mexicana Mart. Saccharum spontaneum L. Alismataceae Arecaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N See: Sabal texana (O.F.Cook) Becc. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed Sagittaria graminea Michx. Sacciolepis interrupta (Willd.) Stapf Alismataceae Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5 Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed Sagittaria lancifolia L. Saccoglossum papuanum Schltr. Alismataceae Sabal palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schult. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 4 & Schult. f. Arecaceae Saccolabium odoratissimum J.J.Sm. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Orchidaceae Alismataceae = Parapteroceras odoratissimum ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Sabal parviflora Becc. (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Wood Arecaceae Cham. Saccolabium quisumbingii & Schltdl. Sabal princeps Becc. L.O.Williams Alismataceae Arecaceae ◆ Orchidaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Sabal pumos (Kunth) Burret Saccolabium speciosum Wight Sagittaria natans (L.) Buchenau Arecaceae Orchidaceae Alismataceae ◆ Sabal rosei (O.F.Cook) Becc. Weed - 1 Saccoloma elegans Kaulf. Arecaceae Dennstaedtiaceae (Engelm.) J.G.Sm. Sabal texana (O.F.Cook) Becc. Alismataceae S Saccoloma inaequale (Kunze) Mett. ◆ Arecaceae Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Dennstaedtiaceae = Sabal mexicana Mart. See: Orthiopteris inaequalis Sagittaria rigida Pursh Alismataceae Sabal umbraculiferum Mart. (Kunze) Copel. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Arecaceae Sadleria cyatheoides Kaulfuss Sagittaria sagittifolia L. Sabal uresana Trel. Blechnaceae Alismataceae Arecaceae Sadleria souleytiana (Gaud.) Moore ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Sabal yapa C.Wright ex Becc. Blechnaceae Sagittaria subulata (L.) Buchenau Arecaceae Sageretia thea (Osbeck) M.C.Johnst. Alismataceae Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh. Rhamnaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Gentianaceae See: Rhamnus thea Osbeck, Sagittaria trifolia L. Rhamnus theezans L., Sageretia Sabina bermudiana Antoine. Alismataceae theezans (L.) Brongn. Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed Sabina chinensis (L.) Ant. Sagittaria variabilis Engelm. Cupressaceae Alismataceae ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 425 Saintpaulia confusa B.L.Burtt L. Salix chilensis Molina Gesneriaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae See: Salix vitellina L. See: Salix humboldtiana Willd. Saintpaulia difficilis B.L.Burtt. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed Gesneriaceae Salix alba L. X L. Salix X chrysocoma Dode Saintpaulia grandifolia B.L.Burtt. Salicaceae Salicaceae Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 = Salix babylonica L. X Salix alba L. Saintpaulia grotei Engl. var. vitellina (L.) Stokes Salix alba L. X Salix matsudana Koidz. Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed Salicaceae Saintpaulia intermedia B.LBurtt. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Salix cinerea L. Gesneriaceae Salicaceae Salix alpina Scop. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5 Saintpaulia ionantha H.Wendl. Salicaceae Gesneriaceae Salix contorta hort. Salix apoda Trautv. ◆ Weed Salicaceae Salicaceae = Salix matsudana Koidz. ‘Tortuosa’ Saintpaulia magungensis E.Roberts Salix arbuscula L. Gesneriaceae Salix cordata Michx. Salicaceae Salicaceae Saintpaulia nitida B.L.Burtt Salix arctica Pall. ◆ Weed - 2 Gesneriaceae Salicaceae Salix daphnoides Vill. Saintpaulia pendula B.L.Burtt Salix arctophila Cockerell ex Heller Salicaceae Gesneriaceae Salicaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Saintpaulia shumensis B.L.Burtt Salix babylonica L. Salix X dasyclados Wimmer Gesneriaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Saintpaulia teitensis B.L.Burtt ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 = Salix caprea L. X Salix cinerea L. Gesneriaceae X Salix viminalis L. [most probable Salix X basfordiana Scaling ex J.Salter combination] Saintpaulia tongwensis B.L.Burtt Salicaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Gesneriaceae = Salix X rubens Schrank nothovar. basfordiana (Scaling ex J.Salter) Salix discolor Muhl. Saintpaulia velutina B.L.Burtt Meikle Salicaceae Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 Salix bebbiana Sarg. Sairocarpus coulterianus (Benth. Salicaceae Salix elaeagnos Scop. ex A.DC.) D.A.Sutton ◆ Weed - 2 Salicaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Salix X blanda Andersson Sairocarpus nuttallianus (Benth. Salicaceae Salix eriocephala Michx. ex A.DC.) D.A.Sutton = Salix X pendulina Wender Salicaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 2 See: Antirrhinum nuttallianum Benth. Salix bockii Seemen Salicaceae Salix fargesii Burkill Salacca dransfieldiana Mogea Salicaceae Arecaceae Salix X boydii E.F.Linton Salicaceae Salix fragilis L. Salacca edulis Reinw. = Salix lapponum L. X Salix Salicaceae Arecaceae reticulata L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed Salix caerulea Sm. Salix X gillotii Camus & E.G.Camus Salacca flabellata Furt. S Salicaceae Salicaceae Arecaceae Salix X calodendron Wimm. Salix glauca L. Salacca magnifica Mogea Salicaceae Salicaceae Arecaceae = Salix caprea L. X Salix atrocinerea Salix glaucophylloides Fernald Salacca minuta Mogea Brot. X Salix viminalis L. Salicaceae Arecaceae [probable parents] = Salix myricoides Muhl. ◆ Weed - N Salacca multiflora Mogea ◆ Weed - 4A Arecaceae Salix canariensis Chr.Sm. ex Link. Salix gracilistyla Miq. Salicaceae Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss Salicaceae Arecaceae Salix caprea L. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Salicaceae Salix X grahamii Borrer ex Baker ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 5 Salix acutifolia Willd. Salicaceae Salicaceae Salix caroliniana Michx. = Salix aurita L. X Salix repens L. ◆ Weed - 2 Salicaceae X Salix herbacea L. See: Salix longipes Shuttlew. Salix hastata L. ex Andersson Salicaceae ◆ Weed

426 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Salix helvetica Vill. Salix myrsinifolia Salisb. Salix sachalinensis F.Schmidt Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae ◆ Weed Salix herbacea L. Salix X sepulcralis Simonk. Salicaceae Salix myrsinites L. Salicaceae Salicaceae = Salix alba L. X Salix babylonica L. Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 Salicaceae Salix myrtilloides L. See: Salix piperi Bebb Salicaceae Salix X sericans Tausch ex A.Kern. Salicaceae Salix humboldtiana Willd. Salix myrtillus L. = Salix caprea L. X Salix viminalis L. Salicaceae Salicaceae ◆ Weed - N = Salix chilensis Molina Salix nakamurana Koidz. ◆ Weed - 1 Salix sericea Marshall Salicaceae Salicaceae Salix humilis Marshall Salix nigra Marshall Salicaceae Salix serpyllifolia Scop. Salicaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Salicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A Salix integra Thunb. Salix sessilifolia Nutt. Salix nigricans J.E.Sm. Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salix irrorata Andersson Salix silesiaca Willd. Salix pendula Moench Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salix jessoensis Seemen Salix X smithiana Willd. Salix X pendulina Wender. Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae = Salix cinerea L. X Salix viminalis L. Salix koreensis Andersson = Salix fragilis L. X Salix babylonica L. [most probable combination] Salicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 ◆ Weed Salix lanata L. Salix pentandra L. Salix stipularis Sm. Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Salix lasiolepis Benth. Salix subopposita Miq. Salicaceae Salix phylicifolia L. Salicaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Salicaceae ◆ Weed Salix tetrandra Willd. Salix longipes Shuttlew. ex Andersson Salicaceae Salicaceae Salix piperi Bebb = Salix caroliniana Michx. Salicaceae Salix triandra L. = Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook. Salicaceae Salix magnifica Hemsl. ◆ Weed - N - 2 Salicaceae Salix purpurea L. Salicaceae Salix udensis Trautv. & C.A.Mey. Salix matsudana Koidz. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5 Salicaceae Salicaceae ◆ Weed - 2 See: Salix contorta hort. Salix X reichardtii A.Kern. ◆ Weed - 1A Salicaceae Salix viminalis L. = Salix caprea L. X Salix cinerea L. Salicaceae Salix matsudana Koidz. X Salix alba L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 4A Salicaceae ◆ Weed - 4A Salix repens L. Salix vitellina L. Salicaceae Salicaceae Salix matsudana Koidz. X Salix ◆ Weed = Salix alba L. chrysochroma Dode S Salicaceae Salix reticulata L. Salix yezoalpina Koidz. ◆ Weed Salicaceae Salicaceae Salix medemii Boiss. Salix retusa L. Salpichlaena volubilis (Kaulf.) J.Sm. Salicaceae Salicaceae Blechnaceae Salix melanostachys Makino Salix rosmarinifolia L. Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Thell. Salicaceae Salicaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Salix moorei F.B.White Salix X rubens Schrank Salicaceae Salicaceae Salpiglossis sinuata Ruiz & Pav. = Salix alba L. X Salix fragilis L. Solanaceae Salix multinervis Döll. See: Salix X basfordiana Scaling ◆ Weed - 2 Salicaceae ex J.Salter Salsola kali L. Salix myricoides Muhl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Chenopodiaceae Salicaceae Salix X rubra Huds. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 - 5 See: Salix glaucophylloides Fernald Salicaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 Salsola paletzkianum Litv. = Salix purpurea L. X Salix viminalis L. Chenopodiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 427 Salsola richleri (Moq.) Kar. ex Litv. Salvia cacaliaefolia Benth. Salvia dorisiana Standley Chenopodiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salsola subaphylla C.A.Mey. Salvia cadmica Boiss. Salvia eigii Zohary Chenopodiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia acetabulosa L. Salvia caerulea A.St.-Hil. ex Benth. Salvia elegans Vahl. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Salvia campanulata Wall. ex Benth. Salvia fallax Fernald Salvia aethiopis L. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia canariensis L. Salvia farinacea Benth. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia africana L. ◆ Weed - 2 Lamiaceae Salvia candelabrum Boiss. Lamiaceae Salvia forskahlei L. Salvia agnes Epl. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia carduacea Benth. ◆ Weed - 3 Lamiaceae Salvia algeriensis Desf. ◆ Weed Salvia fruticosa Mill. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Salvia chamaedryoides Cav. ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Salvia ambigens Briq. Salvia fulgens Cav. Lamiaceae Salvia chamelaeagnea Bergius Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia amplexicaulis Lam. Salvia gesneraeflora Lindl. & Paxt. Lamiaceae Salvia chiapensis Fernald Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Salvia glutinosa L. Salvia apiana Jeps. Salvia chionantha Boiss. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed Salvia chionophylla Fernald Salvia grahami Bentham Salvia argentea L. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia cinnabarina Martens & Galeotti Salvia grahamii Benth. ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia arizonica Gray ◆ Weed = Salvia microphylla Kunth Lamiaceae Salvia cleistogama de Bary & Paul Salvia grandiflora Etl. Salvia aurea L. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Lamiaceae Salvia clevelandii (A.Gray) Greene Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A Lamiaceae Salvia graveolens Linn. ex Jackson Salvia austriaca Jacq. Salvia coahuilensis Fernald Lamiaceae ◆ Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Weed ◆ Weed - 5 Salvia coccinea Buc’hoz ex Etl. Salvia greggii A.Gray Salvia azurea Lam. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5A Salvia guaranitica A.St.-Hil. ex Benth. ◆ Weed Salvia columbariae Benth. Lamiaceae Salvia barrelieri Etling. ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia heerii Regel S ◆ Weed Salvia concolor Benth. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia bertolonii Vis. Salvia hians Royle ex Benth. Lamiaceae Salvia corrugata Vahl Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia blepharophylla Brandegee Salvia hierosolymitana Boiss. ex Epling Salvia darcyi J.Compton Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia hirtella Vahl Salvia bolleana de Noé ex Bolle Salvia dentata Ait. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia hispanica L. Salvia bracteata Sims Salvia discolor Kunth Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Salvia broussonetii Benth. Salvia disermas L. Salvia horminoides Pourr. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia buchananii Hedge. Salvia divinorum Epling & Jativa Salvia horminum L. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia bulleyana Diels Salvia dominica L. = Salvia viridis L. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed

428 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Salvia ianthina Otto & Dietr. Salvia mexicana L. Salvia pomifera L. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Salvia interrupta Schousb. Salvia pratensis L. Lamiaceae Salvia microphylla Kunth Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Salvia involucrata Cav. See: Salvia grahamii Benth. Lamiaceae Salvia pratensis L. X Salvia sylvestris L. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N Lamiaceae Salvia microphylla Kunth X Salvia ◆ Weed Salvia iodantha Fern. greggii A.Gray Lamiaceae Salvia przewalskii Maxim. Lamiaceae Salvia X jamensis J.Compton Lamiaceae Salvia microstegia Boiss. & Balansa Lamiaceae Salvia puberula Fernald Lamiaceae = Salvia microphylla Kunth X Salvia Lamiaceae greggii A.Gray Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Salvia purpurea Cav. Lamiaceae Salvia japonica Thunb. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Salvia recognita Fisch. & Mey. Weed Salvia miniata Fernald Lamiaceae Salvia judaica Boiss. Lamiaceae Salvia reflexa Hornem. Lamiaceae Salvia misella Kunth Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia jurisicii Kosanin See: Salvia lanceolata Brouss. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A - 5 Salvia mohavensis E.Greene Salvia karwinskii Benth Salvia regeliana Trautv. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia lanceolata Brouss. Salvia moorcroftiana Benth. Salvia regla Cav. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae = Salvia reflexa Hornem. ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 3 Salvia repens Benth. Salvia muirii L.Bolus Lamiaceae Salvia lanigera Poir. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Salvia munzii Epling ◆ Weed Salvia reptans Jacq. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl Salvia napifolia Jacq. Lamiaceae Salvia rhyacophila (Fernald) Epling Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia lavanduloides H.B. & K. ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Salvia ringens Sm. Salvia nemorosa L. Lamiaceae Salvia lemmonii Gray Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Salvia roemeriana Scheele Lamiaceae Salvia leucantha Cav. Salvia nilotica Juss. ex Jacq. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia runcinata L. ◆ Weed - N - 2 Lamiaceae Salvia nubicola Wall. ex Sweet ◆ Weed - 3 Salvia leucophylla Greene Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia rutilans Carrière Salvia nutans L. ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed S Salvia longispicata Mart. & Gal. ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Salvia sagittata Ruiz & Pav. Salvia officinalis L. Lamiaceae Salvia lycioides Gray Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Salvia scabra L. f. Salvia lyrata L. Salvia palaestina Benth. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Salvia sclarea L. Lamiaceae Salvia madrensis Seem. Salvia pallida Benth. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Salvia melissodora Lag. = Salvia stenophylla Burch. Salvia sclareoides Brot. Lamiaceae ex Bentham Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Salvia mellifera Greene Salvia semiatrata Zucc. Lamiaceae Salvia patens Cav. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Lamiaceae Salvia serpyllifolia Fernald Salvia merjamie Forssk. Salvia polystachya M.Martens & Galeotti Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 429 Salvia sinaloensis Fern Salvia verticillata L. Sambucus manshurica Kitag. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Adoxaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Salvia somalensis Vatke Sambucus mexicana K.Presl ex DC. Lamiaceae Salvia virgata Jacq. Adoxaceae Lamiaceae = Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis Salvia sonomensis Greene ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 (L.) R.Bolli Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed Salvia viridis L. Lamiaceae Sambucus nigra L. Salvia spathacea E.Greene See: Salvia horminum L. Adoxaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 See: Sambucus canadensis L., Salvia splendens Sellow ex Schult. Sambucus mexicana K.Presl ex DC. Salvia viscosa Jacq. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 Sambucus pubens Michx. Salvia wagneriana Polakowski Salvia staminea Montbr. & Auch. Adoxaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae = Sambucus racemosa L. ssp. pubens Salvia xalapensis Benth. (Michx.) House Salvia stenophylla Burch. ex Benth. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Lamiaceae See: Salvia pallida Benth. auriculata Aubl. Sambucus racemosa L. ◆ Weed - 3 Salviniaceae Adoxaceae See: Salvinia rotundifolia Willd. See: Sambucus callicarpa Greene, Salvia X superba Stapf ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Sambucus pubens Michx. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 = Salvia sylvestris L. X Salvia D.S.Mitch. villicaulis Borbas Salviniaceae Sambucus sachalinensis Pojark. ◆ Weed - 4 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Adoxaceae Salvia sylvestris L. Salvinia rotundifolia Willd. Sambucus sibirica Nakai Lamiaceae Salviniaceae Adoxaceae ◆ Weed - 3 = Salvinia auriculata Aubl. Sambucus sieboldiana (Miq.) Blume ◆ Weed - 2 Salvia taraxacifolia Cosson & Bal. ex Graebn. Lamiaceae Samaipaticereus inquisivensis Cárdenas Adoxaceae Cactaceae Salvia tesquicola Klokov & Pobed. Sambucus tigranii Troitsky Lamiaceae Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Adoxaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Salvia tiliifolia Vahl Sambucus wightiana Wall. ex Wight See: Albizia saman (Jacq.) F.Müell., Lamiaceae & Arn. Pithecellobium saman (Jacq.) Benth. ◆ Weed - 3 Adoxaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Salvia tingitana Etling. Samolus valerandi L. Sambucus caerulea Raf Lamiaceae Primulaceae Adoxaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Salvia transcaucasica Pobed. Sambucus callicarpa Greene Lamiaceae Sanchezia nobilis Hook. f. Adoxaceae Acanthaceae Salvia transsilvanica Schur = Sambucus racemosa L. var. = Sanchezia oblonga Ruiz & Pav. Lamiaceae arborescens (Torr. & Gray) Gray ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed Salvia tricolor Lem. Sanchezia oblonga Ruiz & Pav. Lamiaceae Sambucus canadensis L. S Acanthaceae Adoxaceae Salvia trijuga Diels See: Sanchezia nobilis Hook. f. = Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis Lamiaceae (L.) R.Bolli Sanchezia parvibracteata Sprague Salvia triloba L. f. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 & Hutch. Lamiaceae Acanthaceae Sambucus chinensis Lindl. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Adoxaceae Salvia uliginosa Benth. ◆ Weed Sanchezia speciosa Leonard Lamiaceae Acanthaceae Sambucus ebulus L. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Adoxaceae Salvia urica Epling ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Sandersonia aurantiaca Hook. Lamiaceae Liliaceae Sambucus gaudichaudiana DC. ◆ Weed Adoxaceae Sandoricum indicum Cav. Salvia verbenaca L. ◆ Weed - Nn Meliaceae Lamiaceae Sambucus javanica Reinw. ex Blume Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) Merr. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Adoxaceae Meliaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed

430 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Sanguinaria canadensis L. laurentii De Wild. Santolina pinnata Viviani Papaveraceae Agavaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 Sansevieria liberica Gerome & Labroy Santolina rosmarinifolia L. Sanguisorba canadensis L. Agavaceae Asteraceae Rosaceae See: Santolina virens Mill. Sansevieria metallica Gerome & Labroy ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Agavaceae Sanguisorba minor Scop. = Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce Santolina tomentosa Persoon Rosaceae Asteraceae Sansevieria parva N.E.Br. See: Poterium sanguisorba L. Agavaceae Santolina virens Mill. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Asteraceae Sansevieria phillipsiae N.E.Br. Sanguisorba obtusa Maxim. = Santolina rosmarinifolia L. Agavaceae Rosaceae Santolina viridis Willd. ◆ Weed - 2 Sansevieria pinguicula P.R.O.Bally Asteraceae Agavaceae Sanguisorba officinalis L. Sanvitalia procumbens Lam. Rosaceae Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult. Asteraceae ◆ & Schult. f. Weed - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Agavaceae Sanguisorba tenuifolia Fisch. ex Link Sapindus drummondii Hook. & Arn. Sansevieria scabrifolia Dinter Rosaceae Sapindaceae ◆ Agavaceae Weed = Sapindus saponaria L. var. Sanicula crassicaulis DC. Sansevieria senegambica Baker drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) L.Benson Agavaceae Apiaceae Sapindus marginatus Willd. Sanicula graveolens DC. Sansevieria singularis N.E.Br. Sapindaceae Agavaceae Apiaceae Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. Saniella verna O.M.Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Sansevieria stuckyi God.-Leb. Sapindaceae Liliaceae ex Gerome & Labroy ◆ Weed Agavaceae Sansevieria abyssinica N.E.Br. Sapindus oahuensis Hillebr. ex Radlk. Agavaceae Sansevieria subspicata Baker Sapindaceae Agavaceae Sansevieria aethiopica Thunb. Sapindus saponaria L. Agavaceae Sansevieria suffruticosa N.E.Br. Sapindaceae Agavaceae See: Sapindus drummondii Hook. Sansevieria arborescens Cornu & Arn. Sansevieria sulcata Bojer ex Baker ex Gerome & Labroy ◆ Weed Agavaceae Agavaceae Sapindus vitiensis A.Gray Sansevieria thyrsiflora Thunb. Sansevieria canaliculata Carrière Sapindaceae Agavaceae Agavaceae = Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce Sapium baccatum Roxb. Sansevieria conspicua N.E.Br. Euphorbiaceae Agavaceae Sansevieria trifasciata Prain Agavaceae Sapium discolor (Champ. ex Benth.) Sansevieria cylindrica Bojer ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Müll.Arg. Agavaceae Euphorbiaceae Sansevieria zeylanica (L.) Willd. Sansevieria deserti N.E.Br. Agavaceae Sapium integerrimum (Hochst.) Agavaceae ◆ Weed J.Léonard Euphorbiaceae Sansevieria ehrenbergii Schweinf. album L. S ex Baker Santalaceae Sapium japonicum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Pax Agavaceae ◆ Weed - Nn & K.Hoffm. Euphorbiaceae Sansevieria gracilis N.E.Br. Santalum freycinetianum Gaudich. Agavaceae Santalaceae Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. Euphorbiaceae Sansevieria grandicuspis Haw. Santalum paniculatum Hook. & Arn. = Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Agavaceae Santalaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Sansevieria grandis Hook. f. Santolina chamaecyparissus L. Saponaria bellidifolia Sm. Agavaceae Asteraceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce ◆ Weed Agavaceae Santolina neapolitana Jord. & Fourr. Saponaria calabrica Guss. See: Sansevieria metallica Gerome & Asteraceae Caryophyllaceae Labroy, Sansevieria thyrsiflora Thunb. Santolina oblongifolia Boiss. ◆ Weed - N - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Asteraceae Saponaria glutinosa M.Bieb. Sansevieria kirkii Baker Santolina pectinata Lag. Caryophyllaceae Agavaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 431 Saponaria ocymoides L. Sarcococca hookeriana Baill. Sarracenia X catesbaei Elliott Caryophyllaceae Buxaceae Sarraceniaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed = Sarracenia flava L. X Sarracenia purpurea L. Saponaria officinalis L. Sarcococca humilis (Rehder Caryophyllaceae & E.H.Wilson) Stapf ex Sealy Sarracenia X courtii Veitch ex Wilson ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Buxaceae Sarraceniaceae = Sarracenia purpurea L. X Saponaria X olivana Wocke Sarcococca orientalis C.Y.Wu Sarracenia psittacina Michx. Caryophyllaceae Buxaceae = Saponaria pumilio Boiss. X Sarracenia X excellens G.Nicholson Sarcococca ruscifolia Stapf Saponaria caespitosa DC. X Sarraceniaceae Saponaria ocymoides L. Buxaceae Sarracenia X exornata hort. Saponaria orientalis L. Sarcococca saligna (D.Don) Müll.Arg. Sarraceniaceae Caryophyllaceae Buxaceae = Sarracenia purpurea L. X ◆ Weed Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach Sarracenia alata (Wood) Wood Saponaria pumilio Boiss. Rosaceae Sarracenia flava L. ◆ Caryophyllaceae Weed Sarraceniaceae ◆ Weed Sarcostemma insigne (N.E.Br.) Desc. ◆ Weed Saponaria rubra Lam. Asclepiadaceae Sarracenia flava L. X Sarracenia Caryophyllaceae Sarcostemma stipitatum (Lillo) oreophila (Kearney) Wherry Saponaria sicula Rafin. R.W.Holm Sarraceniaceae Caryophyllaceae Asclepiadaceae Sarracenia flava L. X Sarracenia Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Sarcostemma stolonifera B.R.Adams rubra Walter Schischk. & R.W.K.Holland Sarraceniaceae Apiaceae Asclepiadaceae Sarracenia formosa Veitch ex Mast. ◆ Weed Sarcostemma subterranea B.R.Adams Sarraceniaceae Saraca declinata (Jack) Miq. & R.W.K.Holland Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Asclepiadaceae Sarraceniaceae ◆ Saraca indica L. Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Asclepiadaceae Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. ◆ Weed - 3 Saraca thaipingensis Cantley ex Prain X Sarracenia minor Walter Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Saritaea magnifica (W.Bull) Dugand Sarraceniaceae Bignoniaceae Sarcanthopsis nagarensis (Rchb. f.) Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. X ◆ Weed - N Garay Sarracenia moorei Veitch ex Mast. Orchidaceae Sarmienta repens Ruiz & Pav. Sarraceniaceae Sarcanthus pachyphyllus Ames Gesneriaceae Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. X Orchidaceae Sarracenia alata A.W.Wood Sarracenia willisii Veitch ex Gordon Sarraceniaceae Sarcanthus pallidus Lindl. Sarraceniaceae ◆ Orchidaceae Weed Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. Sarracenia alata A.W.Wood X Sarracenia wrigleyana S.G. Sarcanthus subulatus Rchb. f. Sarraceniaceae Orchidaceae X Sarracenia flava L. Sarraceniaceae Sarracenia minor Walter Sarcocaulon burmanni Sweet Sarraceniaceae S Geraniaceae Sarracenia alata A.W.Wood X Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. Sarracenia minor Walter X Sarracenia Sarcocaulon crassicaule Rehm Sarraceniaceae purpurea L. Geraniaceae = Sarracenia X areolata Macfarl. Sarraceniaceae Sarcocaulon l’heritieri Sweet Sarracenia alata A.W.Wood Sarracenia X moorei Veitch ex Mast. Geraniaceae X Sarracenia purpurea L. Sarraceniaceae Sarcocaulon vanderietiae L.Bolus Sarraceniaceae = Sarracenia flava L. X Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. Geraniaceae Sarracenia alata A.W.Wood X Sarcocephalus cordatus Miq. Sarracenia willisii Veitch ex Gordon Sarracenia oreophila (Kearney) Wherry Rubiaceae Sarraceniaceae Sarraceniaceae Sarcochilus moorei (Rchb. f.) Schltr. Sarracenia X areolata Macfarl. Sarracenia X popei Mast. Orchidaceae Sarraceniaceae Sarraceniaceae See: Sarracenia alata (Wood) Wood Sarcochilus pallidus (Blume) Rchb. f. Sarracenia psittacina Michx. X Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. Orchidaceae Sarraceniaceae Sarracenia areolata Macfarl. Sarcococca confusa Sealy Sarracenia purpurea L. X Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. Buxaceae Sarraceniaceae Sarraceniaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1

432 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Sarracenia purpurea L. X Sarracenia Satakentia liukiuensis (Hatusima) Saurauia roxburghii Wall. rubra Walter H.E.Moore Actinidiaceae Sarraceniaceae Arecaceae Sauromatum guttatum (Wall.) Schott Sarracenia X readii C.R.Bell Satranala decussilvae H.J.Beentje Araceae Sarraceniaceae & J.Dransfield Sauromatum venosum (Aiton) Kunth = Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. Arecaceae Araceae X Sarracenia rubra Walt. Satureja arkansana (Nutt.) Briq. Saururus cernuus L. Sarracenia X rehderi C.R.Bell Lamiaceae Saururaceae Sarraceniaceae = Clinopodium arkansanum = Saururus chinensis Baill. = Sarracenia minor Walt. (Nutt.) House ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 X Sarracenia rubra Walt. ◆ Weed Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. Sarracenia rubra Walter Satureja biflora (Buch.-Ham. Asteraceae Sarraceniaceae ex D.Don) Briq. Lamiaceae Sarracenia X swaniana Rob. Saxegothaea conspicua Lindl. Podocarpaceae Sarraceniaceae Satureja douglasii (Benth.) Briq. Sarracenia X wrigleyana S.G. Lamiaceae Saxifraga aizoides L. Sarraceniaceae = Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Saxifragaceae Kuntze = Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. Saxifraga aizoon Jacq. ◆ Weed X Sarracenia psittacina Michx. Saxifragaceae Sasa admirabilis Koidz. Satureja gilliesii (Graham) Briq. = Saxifraga paniculata Mill. Lamiaceae Poaceae Saxifraga androsacea L. Sasa argenteostriata (Regel) E.G.Camus Satureja hortensis L. Saxifragaceae Lamiaceae Poaceae Saxifraga X anglica Horny, Soják ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Sasa fortunei (Van Houtte) Fiori & Webr Poaceae Satureja montana L. Saxifragaceae Lamiaceae See: Pleioblastus fortunei Saxifraga X apiculata Engl. ◆ Weed - 2 (Van Houtte) Nakai Saxifragaceae Satureja parnassica Boiss. Sasa kurilensis (Rupr.) Makino & Shibata Saxifraga X arendsii hort. group Lamiaceae Poaceae Saxifragaceae ◆ Weed Satureja pseudosimensis Brenan = Saxifraga exarata Villars X Saxifraga Sasa palmata (Burb.) E.G.Camus Lamiaceae rosacea Moench and others Poaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Satureja spicigera (K.Koch.) Boiss. Saxifraga aspera L. Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai Lamiaceae Saxifragaceae Poaceae Satureja thymbra L. Saxifraga biflora Allioni Sasa tessellata (Munro) Makino Lamiaceae Saxifragaceae & Shibata Satureja thymifolia Scop. Saxifraga bronchialis L. Poaceae Lamiaceae Saxifragaceae = Indocalamus tessellatus (Munro) Keng Satyria warszewiczii Klotzsch Saxifraga bryoides L. Ericaceae Saxifragaceae Sasa tsuboiana Makino Poaceae Satyrium carneum (Aiton) R.Br. Saxifraga burnati Sunderman Orchidaceae Saxifragaceae S Sasa veitchii (Carrière) Rehder Poaceae Satyrium chlorocorys Rchb. f. ex Rolfe Saxifraga burserana L. ◆ Weed - 2 Orchidaceae Saxifragaceae Sasaella bitchuensis (Makino.) Koidz. Satyrium ciliatum Lindl. Saxifraga caesia L. Poaceae Orchidaceae Saxifragaceae = Satyrium nepalense D.Don var. Sasaella glabra (Nakai) Koidz. Saxifraga caespitosa L. ciliatum (Lindl.) Hook. f. Poaceae Saxifragaceae Satyrium nepalense D.Don See: Saxifraga cespitosa L. Sasaella masamuneana (Makino) Orchidaceae Hatus. & Muroi ex Sugim. Saxifraga cespitosa L. See: Satyrium ciliatum Lindl. Poaceae Saxifragaceae Satyrium rostratum Lindl. = Saxifraga caespitosa L. Sasamorpha borealis (Thunb.) Nakai Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae ◆ Weed Satyrium trinerve Lindl. Saxifraga cherlerioides D.Don. Orchidaceae Saxifragaceae Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees See: Saxifraga densa Willd. Lauraceae Saurauia napaulensis DC. ex Sternb. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Actinidiaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 433 Saxifraga chrysosplenifolia Boiss. Saxifraga X irvingii A.S.Thompson Saxifraga X urbium D.A.Webb. Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae See: Saxifraga spathularis Brot. X Saxifraga continentalis (Engl. Saxifraga X landaueri Sundermann Saxifraga umbrosa L. & Irmsch.) Webb. ex R.Horn, Soják & Webr ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. Saxifraga cotyledon L. Saxifraga longifolia Lapeyr. Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Saxifraga crustata Vest. Saxifraga marginata Sternb. Scabiosa africana L. Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae Dipsacaceae Saxifraga cuneata Willd. Saxifraga moschata Wulfen Scabiosa alpina L. Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae Dipsacaceae Saxifraga cuneifolia L. Saxifraga muscoides Allioni Scabiosa anthemifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae Dipsacaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Saxifraga oppositifolia L. ◆ Weed Saxifraga densa Willd. ex Sternb. Saxifragaceae Scabiosa arvensis L. ◆ Saxifragaceae Weed Dipsacaceae = Saxifraga cherlerioides D.Don Saxifraga paniculata Mill. = Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult. Saxifraga X elisabethae Sunderm. Saxifragaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Saxifragaceae See: Saxifraga aizoon Jacq. Scabiosa atropurpurea L. ◆ Weed Saxifraga X eudoxiana Kellerer Dipsacaceae ex Sunderm. Saxifraga pensylvanica L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae Scabiosa caucasica M.Bieb. Saxifraga exarata Villars Saxifraga retusa Gouan Dipsacaceae Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Saxifraga fortunei (Maxim.) Hook. f. Saxifraga rotundifolia L. Scabiosa cinerea Lam. Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae Dipsacaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Saxifraga frederici-augusti Biasoletto Scabiosa columbaria L. Saxifragaceae Saxifraga sarmentosa L. f. Dipsacaceae ◆ Saxifragaceae Weed - 3 Saxifraga X geum L. = Saxifraga stolonifera Meerb. Saxifragaceae Scabiosa cretica L. = Saxifraga hirsuta L. X Saxifraga Saxifraga sibthorpii Boiss. Dipsacaceae umbrosa L. Saxifragaceae Scabiosa crinita Boiss. & Kotschy ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Dipsacaceae Saxifraga granulata L. Saxifraga spathularis Brot. Scabiosa farinosa Cosson Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae Dipsacaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Scabiosa graminifolia L. Saxifraga grisebachii Degen & Doerfl. Saxifraga spathularis Brot. X Saxifraga Dipsacaceae Saxifragaceae umbrosa L. Saxifragaceae Scabiosa gramuntia (L.) Hayek Saxifraga X haagii Sunderm. = Saxifraga X urbium D.A.Webb. Dipsacaceae Saxifragaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Scabiosa incisa Mill. S Saxifraga hirsuta L. Saxifraga stellaris L. Dipsacaceae Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae See: Saxifraga X geum L. Scabiosa japonica Miq. Dipsacaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Saxifraga stolonifera Meerb. Saxifragaceae Scabiosa lachnophylla Kitag. Saxifraga hirsuta L. X Saxifraga See: Saxifraga sarmentosa L. f. Dipsacaceae umbrosa L. ◆ Weed - 2 Saxifragaceae Scabiosa lucida Vill. = Saxifraga X geum L. Saxifraga tridactylites L. Dipsacaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Saxifragaceae Scabiosa ochroleuca L. ◆ Weed - 3 Saxifraga hostii Tausch Dipsacaceae Saxifragaceae Saxifraga trifurcata Schrad. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Saxifragaceae Scabiosa rumelica hort. ◆ Weed Saxifraga hypnoides L. Dipsacaceae Saxifragaceae Saxifraga umbrosa L. = Knautia macedonica Griseb. ◆ Weed - 2 Saxifragaceae Scabiosa stellata L. ◆ Weed - 2 Dipsacaceae ◆ Weed - 2

434 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Scadoxus cinnabarinus (Decne.) Friis delavayi (Franch.) Harms L. & I.Nordal Araliaceae Anacardiaceae Liliaceae See: Schinus areira L. J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Scadoxus membranaceus (Bak.) Friis Araliaceae & I.Nordal Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera Schefflera elegantissima (Veitch Liliaceae Anacardiaceae ex Mast.) Lowry & Frodin ◆ Weed - 1 Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. Araliaceae Liliaceae Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Schefflera gabriellae Baill. Anacardiaceae Scadoxus pole-evansii (Oberm.) Friis Araliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A & I.Nordal Schefflera insularum Harms Liliaceae Schinus weinmanniaefolius Engl. Araliaceae Anacardiaceae Scadoxus puniceus (L.) Friis & Nordal Schefflera microphylla Merr. Liliaceae Schinziophyton rautanenii (Schinz) Araliaceae See: Haemanthus magnificus (Herb.) Radcl.-Sm. Herb., Haemanthus natalensis Pappe Schefflera pubigera (Planch.) Frodin Euphorbiaceae ex Hook., Haemanthus puniceus L. Araliaceae Schippia concolor Burret balansae Guillaumin (K.Kock) Frodin Arecaceae Goodeniaceae Araliaceae Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Scaevola gracilis Hook. f. Schefflera reginae (Linden Schisandraceae Goodeniaceae ex W.Richards) Frodin Schisandra neglecta A.C.Sm. Araliaceae Scaevola koenigii Vahl Schisandraceae Goodeniaceae Gamble Schisandra propinqua (Wall.) Baill. Araliaceae Scaevola montana Labill. Schisandraceae Goodeniaceae Schefflera setulosa Harms Schisandra repanda (Sieb. & Zucc.) Araliaceae Scaevola procera Hbd. C.A.Mey. Goodeniaceae (Nakai) Kaneh. Schisandraceae Araliaceae Scaevola tahitensis Carlg. Schisandra rubriflora Rehder Goodeniaceae Schefflera tomentosa (Blume) Harms & E.H.Wilson Araliaceae Schisandraceae Scandix pecten-veneris L. Apiaceae Schefflera venulosa (Wight & Arn.) Schisandra sphenanthera Rehder ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 Harms & E.H.Wilson Araliaceae Schisandraceae Scaphochlamys biloba (Ridley) Holttum Zingiberaceae Schellolepis persicifolia (Desv.) Schismatoglottis ahmadii A.Hay Pic.Serm. Araceae Scaphyglottis bidentata (Lindl.) Dressler Polypodiaceae Orchidaceae Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Roxb.) Schima argentea E.Pritz. Zoll. & Moritzi Schaffneria nigripes Fée Theaceae Araceae Aspleniaceae Schima brevifolia Baill. ex Stapf Schismatoglottis neoguineensis Schaueria calycotricha (Link & Otto) Theaceae (Linden ex André) N.E.Br. C.G.D.Nees Araceae Acanthaceae Schima superba Gardner & Champ. Theaceae Schismatoglottis picta Schott Schaueria flavicoma (Lindl.) N.E.Br. S Araceae Acanthaceae Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth. Theaceae Schismatoglottis wallichii Hook. f. (Endl.) Harms Araceae Araliaceae Schinopsis quebracho-colorado ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5 (Schltdl.) F.A.Barkley & T.Mey. arabicus Nees Anacardiaceae Poaceae Schefflera albido-bracteata Elmer ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 4 - 5 Araliaceae Schinus areira L. Anacardiaceae (L.) Thell. (Hayata) Merr. = Schinus molle L. var. areira (L.) DC. Poaceae Araliaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Schinus dependens Ortega Schistostephium oxylobum S.Moore Schefflera belangeri Harms Anacardiaceae Asteraceae Araliaceae Schinus latifolius (Gillies ex Lindl.) Engl. Schivereckia podolica (Besser) Andrz. Schefflera cephalotes Harms Anacardiaceae Brassicaceae Araliaceae Schinus lentiscifolius Marchand Schefflera chaetorrhachis Harms Anacardiaceae Araliaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 435 Schizachyrium microstachyum (Desv.) Schizostachyum dumetorum (Hance) Schlumbergera X reginae hort. Roseng., B.R.Arill. & Izag. Munro Cactaceae Poaceae Poaceae = Schlumbergera truncata (Haw.) ◆ Weed - N Moran X Schlumbergera orssichiana Schizostachyum funghomii McClure W.Barthlott & A.J.S.McMillan Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash Poaceae Poaceae Schlumbergera truncata (Haw.) Moran Schizostachyum glaucifolium See: Andropogon scoparius Michx. Cactaceae (Rupr.) Munro ◆ Weed - 2 See: Zygocactus truncatus (Haw.) Poaceae K.Schum. Schizandra chinensis Baill ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed Magnoliaceae Schizostachyum jaculans Holttum Schmaltzia integrifolia (Nutt. ex Torr. Schizanthus gilliesii Phil. Poaceae & A.Gray) F.A.Barkley Solanaceae ◆ Weed Anacardiaceae Schizanthus grahamii Gillies ex Hook. Schizostachyum lima (Blanco) Merr. Schmidtia bulbosa Stapf Solanaceae Poaceae Poaceae Schizanthus hookeri Gill. ex Graham Schizostachyum lumampao Schmidtia kalahariensis Stent Solanaceae (Blanco) Merr. Poaceae Poaceae Schizanthus pinnatus Ruiz & Pav. ◆ Weed Solanaceae Schizostachyum polymorphum Schmidtia pappophoroides Steud. ◆ Weed - 2 (Munro) R.B.Majumdar ex J.A.Schmidt Poaceae Schizanthus X wisetonensis hort. Poaceae Solanaceae Schizostachyum pseudolima McClure ◆ Weed = Schizanthus pinnatus Ruiz. & Pav. Poaceae Schoenocaulon texanum Scheele X Schizanthus grahamii Gillies. Schizostachyum zollingeri Steud. Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae Schoenolirion album Dur. Schizocarphus nervosus (Burch.) = Melocanna zollingeri (Steud.) Liliaceae Van der Merwe Kurz ex Munro = Hastingsia alba (Dur.) S.Wats. Liliaceae Schizostylis alba inval. nom. Schoenoplectus californicus Schizocentron elegans (Schltdl.) Meisn. Iridaceae (C.A.Mey.) Sojak Melastomataceae = Hesperantha coccinea (Backh. Cyperaceae & Harv.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning glaberrima DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Asteraceae Schizostylis coccinea Backh. & Harv. Schoenoplectus erectus (Poir.) Palla Iridaceae Schizolobium excelsum Vogel ex J.Raynal = Hesperantha coccinea (Backh. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Cyperaceae & Harv.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning ◆ Weed - N - 1A Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) ◆ Weed - 1 - 2A S.F.Blake Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla Schlechteranthus hallii L.Bolus Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Cyperaceae Aizoaceae See: Schizolobium parahybum (Vell.) ◆ Weed S.F.Blake Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken Schoenoplectus lineolatus (Franch. ◆ Weed Sapindaceae & Sav.) Koyama Schizolobium parahybum (Vell.) Schlumbergera X buckleyi (T.Moore) Cyperaceae S.F.Blake Tjaden ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Cactaceae S Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye = Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) = Schlumbergera truncata (Haw.) Cyperaceae S.F.Blake Moran X Schlumbergera russelliana = Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla ◆ Weed - 2 (Hook.) Britton & Rose Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla Schizonepeta tenuifolia (Benthan) Briq. Schlumbergera gaertneri (Regel) ex A.Kern. Lamiaceae Britton & Rose Cyperaceae Cactaceae Schizopetalon walkeri Hook. ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 - 5 = Hatiora gaertneri (Regel) Barthlott Brassicaceae Schoenoplectus supinus (L.) Palla Schlumbergera obtusangula Schizophragma hydrangeoides Sieb. Cyperaceae (K.Schum.) D.R.Hunt & Zucc. See: Scirpus lateriflorus Gmel. Cactaceae Hydrangeaceae ◆ Weed Schlumbergera opuntioides (Loefgr. Schizophragma integrifolium Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani & Dusen) D.R.Hunt (Franch.) Oliv. (K.C.Gmel.) Palla Cactaceae Hydrangeaceae Cyperaceae Schlumbergera orssichiana See: Scirpus validus Benth. Schizostachyum brachycladum (Kurz W.Barthlott & A.J.S.McMillan ◆ Weed - 2 ex Munro) Kurz Cactaceae Poaceae

436 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Schoenorchis densiflora Schltr. Scilla autumnalis L. Scilla mischtschenkoana Grossh. Orchidaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed Schoenorchis manipurensis Scilla monophyllos Link U.C.Pradhan Scilla berthelotii Webb & Berthel. Liliaceae Orchidaceae Liliaceae Scilla morrisii Meikle Schoenorchis minutiflora (Ridl.) J.J.Sm. Scilla bifolia L. Liliaceae Orchidaceae Liliaceae Scilla natalensis Planch. ◆ Weed - 2 Schoenus apogon Roem. & Schult. Liliaceae Cyperaceae Scilla bithynica Boiss. ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - Nn Liliaceae Scilla nervosa (Burch.) Jessop ◆ Weed - 2 Schomburgkia brysiana Lem. Liliaceae Orchidaceae Scilla campanulata Aiton ◆ Weed - 3 Liliaceae Schomburgkia humboldtii (Rchb. f.) Scilla non-scripta (L.) Hoffm. & Link Rchb. f. Scilla ciliaris hort. Liliaceae Orchidaceae Liliaceae = Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) = L. Schomburgkia superbiens (Lindl.) Chouard ex Rothm. ◆ Rolfe Scilla greilhuberi F.Speta Weed - 2A Orchidaceae Liliaceae Scilla nutans Sm. ◆ Weed Schomburgkia tibicinis (Bateman Liliaceae ex Lindl.) Bateman Scilla haemorrhoidalis Webb & Berthel. Scilla pauciflora Link ex Schult. f. Orchidaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae Schomburgkia undulata Lindl. Scilla hispanica Mill. Scilla peruviana L. Orchidaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae Schomburgkia wallisii Rchb. f. Scilla hohenackeri Fisch. & C.A.Mey. See: Scilla ciliaris hort. ◆ Orchidaceae Liliaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A Schotia afra (L.) Thunb. Scilla hughii Tineo Scilla polyphylla Baker Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed Scilla hyacinthoides L. Scilla pratensis Waldst. & Kit. nom. illeg. Sond. Liliaceae Liliaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - N = Scilla litardierei Breistr. ◆ Weed - N Scilla indica Roxb. Scilla pubescens Baker Schotia capitata Bolle Liliaceae Liliaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Scilla italica L. Scilla puschkinioides Regel See: Schotia transvaalensis Rolfe Liliaceae Liliaceae Schotia latifolia Jacq. ◆ Weed - 2 Scilla japonica (Thunb.) Baker Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Liliaceae Scilla ramburei Boiss. Schotia transvaalensis Rolfe Liliaceae Scilla kraussii Baker Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Liliaceae Scilla scilloides (Lindl.) Druce = Schotia capitata Bolle Liliaceae Scilla latifolia Willd. alata (Hochst.) Welw. ◆ Weed - 3 Liliaceae Oleaceae Scilla siberica Haw. Scilla lilio-hyacinthus L. S Schwantesia acutipetala L.Bolus. Liliaceae Liliaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Schwantesia triebneri L.Bolus Scilla spicata Baker Scilla litardierei Breistr. Aizoaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae verticillata (Thunb.) Sieb. See: Scilla pratensis Waldst. & Kit. Scilla tubergeniana Hoog ex Stearn & Zucc. nom. illeg. Liliaceae Taxodiaceae Scilla luciliae (Boiss.) Speta Scilla verna Huds. Scilla adlamii Baker Liliaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed = Ledebouria cooperi (Hook. f.) Scilla maritima L. Scilla vincentina Link & Hoffm. Jessop Liliaceae Liliaceae Scilla amethystina Vis. = Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn Scilla violacea Hutch. Liliaceae ◆ Weed Liliaceae Scilla amoena L. Scilla messeniaca Boiss. = Ledebouria socialis (Baker) Jessop Liliaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 437 Scindapsus aureus Engl. Sclerocactus glaucus (K.Schum.) Sclerocactus warnockii (L.Benson) Araceae L.D.Benson N.P.Taylor = Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. Cactaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed Sclerocactus intertextus (Engelm.) Sclerocactus whipplei (Engelm. Scindapsus pictus Hassk. N.P.Taylor & Bigelow) Britton & Rose Araceae Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Sclerocactus parviflorus Clover Scindapsus siamensis Engl. Sclerocactus johnsonii (Parry & Jotter Araceae ex Engelm.) N.P.Taylor Cactaceae Sclerocactus wrightiae L.D.Benson Scirpus albescens F.Phil. Cactaceae Cyperaceae Sclerocactus mariposensis (Hester) N.P.Taylor Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. Scirpus hudsonianus (Michx.) Fern. Cactaceae Anacardiaceae Cyperaceae See: Echinomastus mariposensis ◆ Weed = Trichophorum alpinum (L.) Pers. Hester, Neolloydia mariposensis Sclerocarya caffra Sond. Scirpus inclinatus (Del. ex Barb.) (Hester) L.D.Benson Anacardiaceae Aschers. & Schweinf. Sclerocactus mesae-verdae (Boissev. = Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Cyperaceae & C.Davidson) L.D.Benson Hochst. ssp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro Scirpus lateriflorus Gmel. Cactaceae Sclerochiton harveyanus Nees Cyperaceae Sclerocactus nyensis F.Hochstatter Acanthaceae = Schoenoplectus supinus (L.) Palla Cactaceae ssp. lateriflorus (J.F.Gmel.) Sojak dura (L.) P.Beauv. ◆ Weed - 3 Sclerocactus papyracanthus (Engelm.) Poaceae N.P.Taylor ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Scirpus maritimus L. Cactaceae Cyperaceae Lindl. = Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla Sclerocactus parviflorus Clover Chenopodiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 & Jotter ◆ Weed - Nn Cactaceae Scirpus pendulus Muhl. Sclerolaena birchii (F.Müell.) Domin = Sclerocactus whipplei (Engelm. Cyperaceae Chenopodiaceae & Bigelow) Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 ◆ Weed - Nn - 4A Sclerocactus polyancistrus (Engelm. Scirpus polystachyus F.Müell. Sclerolaena calcarata (Ising) A.J.Scott & J.Bigelow) Britton & Rose Cyperaceae Chenopodiaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - Nn Sclerocactus pubispinus (Engelm.) Scirpus validus Benth. Sclerolaena muricata (Moq.) Domin L.D.Benson Cyperaceae Chenopodiaceae Cactaceae = Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani ◆ Weed - Nn - 4A (C.C.Gmel.) Palla Sclerocactus scheeri (Salm-Dyck) Sclerophylax spinescens Miers ◆ Weed - 3 N.P.Taylor Sclerophylacaceae Cactaceae Scleranthus annuus L. ◆ Weed Caryophyllaceae Sclerocactus sileri (L.Benson) Heil Scolopia chinensis (Lour.) Clos ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 & J.M.Porter Flacourtiaceae Cactaceae Scleranthus uniflorus Williams. Scolopia mundii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Warb. Caryophyllaceae Sclerocactus spinosior (Engelm.) Flacourtiaceae Woodruff & L.Benson Scleria biflora Roxburgh S Cactaceae Scolymus hispanicus L. Cyperaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed Sclerocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A N.P.Taylor Scleroblitum atriplicinum (F.Müell.) Ulbr. Cactaceae L. Chenopodiaceae See: Ancistrocactus crassihamatus Asteraceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3A (F.A.C.Weber) L.D.Benson, ◆ Weed - N - 3A - 4A Sclerocactus blainei Welsh & Thorne Ancistrocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) Scoparia dulcis L. Cactaceae L.D.Benson, Glandulicactus Scrophulariaceae crassihamatus (F.A.C.Weber) Sclerocactus brevihamatus (Engelm.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Backeb., Glandulicactus uncinatus D.R.Hunt (Galeotti) Backeb. Scopelogena veruculata (L.) L.Bolus Cactaceae Aizoaceae Sclerocactus unguispinus (Engelmann) Sclerocactus erectocentrus N.P.Taylor Scopolia physaloides (L.) Dunal (J.M.Coult.) N.P.Taylor Cactaceae Solanaceae Cactaceae See: Echinomastus laui G.Frank & See: Echinomastus erectocentrus Scorpiurus muricatus L. Zecher, Echinomastus unguispinus (J.M.Coult.) Britton & Rose, Neolloydia Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Engelm. erectocentra (J.M.Coult.) L.D.Benson ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 3

438 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Scorzonera hispanica L. Scutellaria javanensis Jungh. vavilovii Grossh. Asteraceae Lamiaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 = Scutellaria javanica Jungh. ◆ Weed Scorzonera laciniata L. Scutellaria javanica Jungh. Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. Asteraceae Lamiaceae Cucurbitaceae See: Podospermum resedifolium ◆ Weed - N - 1 Scutellaria lateriflora L. (L.) DC. Lamiaceae Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 Polygalaceae Scorzonera tingitana L. Scutellaria novae-zelandiae Hook. f. Securigera varia (L.) Lassen Asteraceae Lamiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Reichardia tingitana (L.) Roth. See: Coronilla varia L. ◆ Weed Scutellaria orientalis L. ◆ Lamiaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2 Scrophularia auriculata L. Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehder Scrophulariaceae Scutellaria pichleri Stapf Euphorbiaceae ◆ Weed - N Lamiaceae Sedeveria X hummellii Walth. Scrophularia californica Cham. Scutellaria pontica C.Koch Crassulaceae & Schlecht. Lamiaceae = Sedum pachyphyllum Rose X Scrophulariaceae Scutellaria prostrata Jacquem. ex Benth. Echeveria derenbergii J.A.Purpus ◆ Weed - N Lamiaceae ◆ Sedirea japonica (L.Linden & Rchb. f.) Scrophularia frutescens L. Weed - 3 Garay & H.R.Sweet Scrophulariaceae Scutellaria racemosa Pers. Orchidaceae Scrophularia glabrata Ait. Lamiaceae ◆ Sedum acre L. Scrophulariaceae Weed - N - 3 Crassulaceae = Scrophularia parviflora Wooton Scutellaria rubicunda Hornem. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 & Standl. Lamiaceae Sedum adolphi Raym.-Hamet Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. Scutellaria speciosa Epling Crassulaceae Scrophulariaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Sedum aizoon L. Scutellaria tournefortii Benth. Crassulaceae Scrophularia nodosa L. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Scrophulariaceae Scutellaria ventenatii Hook. ◆ Weed - N Sedum alboroseum Baker Lamiaceae Crassulaceae Scrophularia parviflora Wooton Scutellaria woronowii Juz. = Hylotelephium erythrostictum & Standl. Lamiaceae (Miq.) H.Ohba. Scrophulariaceae See: Scrophularia glabrata Ait. Scyphularia pentaphylla F’ee Sedum album L. Davalliaceae Crassulaceae Scrophularia smithii Hornem. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 Scrophulariaceae Scyphularia pycnocarpa (Brack.) Cop. Davalliaceae Sedum allantoides Rose Scutellaria alpina L. Crassulaceae Lamiaceae Scyphularia sinusora Cop. ◆ Weed - 2 Davalliaceae Sedum americanum Banks ex Pursh Crassulaceae Scutellaria altissima L. Sebastiania klotzschiana (Müll.Arg.) Lamiaceae Müll.Arg. Sedum anglicum Huds. ◆ Weed - 2 Euphorbiaceae Crassulaceae S ◆ Weed - 2 Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Secale anatolicum Boiss. Lamiaceae Poaceae Sedum arboreum Mast. ◆ Weed Secale cereale L. Crassulaceae = Sedum moranense Kunth Scutellaria barbata D.Don Poaceae ◆ Lamiaceae Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Sedum brevifolium DC. ◆ Weed Secale montanum Guss. Crassulaceae Scutellaria californica A.Gray Poaceae Sedum burrito R.Moran Lamiaceae = Secale strictum (C.Presl) C.Presl Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Scutellaria costaricana Wendl. Sedum caespitosum (Cav.) DC. Lamiaceae Secale strictum (C.Presl) C.Presl Crassulaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Scutellaria formosana N.E.Br. See: Secale montanum Guss. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Sedum caucasicum (Grossh.) Boriss. Crassulaceae Scutellaria indica L. Secale sylvestre Host Lamiaceae Poaceae Sedum cauticola Praeger ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Crassulaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 439 Sedum clavatum R.T.Clausen Sedum lydium Boiss. Sedum reflexum L. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 = Sedum rupestre L. Sedum compressum Rose ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Crassulaceae Sedum macdougallii R.Moran Crassulaceae Sedum robertsianum Alexander Sedum cupressoides Hemsl. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Sedum makinoi Maxim. Crassulaceae = Sedum nanifolium Frod. Sedum dasyphyllum L. ◆ Weed Sedum rosea (L.) Scop. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Sedum mexicanum Britton Crassulaceae = Rhodiola rosea L. Sedum dendroideum DC. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed Crassulaceae Sedum X rubrotinctum R.T.Clausen ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Sedum meyeri Johannis & Engl. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Sedum divergens S.Watson = Sedum pachyphyllum Crassulaceae Sedum middendorfianum Maxim. Rose X Sedum stahlii Solms Crassulaceae [probable parents] Sedum ewersii Ledeb. Sedum moranense Kunth ◆ Weed - N - 2 Crassulaceae Crassulaceae = Hylotelephium ewersii (Ledeb.) Sedum rupestre L. See: Sedum arboreum Mast. H.Ohba Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Sedum morganianum E.Walth. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 5 Crassulaceae Sedum floriferum Praeger Sedum sarmentosum Bunge Crassulaceae Sedum multiceps Cosson & Durieu Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Sedum forsterianum Sm. Crassulaceae Sedum nanifolium Frod. Sedum sediforme (Jacq.) Pau ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Crassulaceae Crassulaceae See: Sedum robertsianum Alexander ◆ Weed - N - 3 Sedum frutescens Rose Crassulaceae Sedum nevii A.Gray Sedum selskianum Regel & Maack Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Sedum furfuraceum Moran = Phedimus selskianus (Regel Crassulaceae Sedum nussbaumerianum Bitter Crassulaceae & Maack) ‘t Hart Sedum glaucum Lam. Sedum sexangulare L. Crassulaceae Sedum ochroleucum Chaix Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Sedum greggii Hemsl. ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 2 Crassulaceae Sedum oreganum Nutt. Sedum sieboldii Sweet ex Hook. Sedum hernandezii J.Meyran Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed Sedum pachyclados Aitch. ex Helms. Sedum hintonii Clausen Crassulaceae Sedum spathulifolium Hook. Crassulaceae = Rhodiola primuloides (Franch.) Crassulaceae S.H.Fu var. pachyclados (Aitch. ◆ Weed - 2 Sedum hirsutum All. & Hemsl.) Jacobsen Crassulaceae Sedum spectabile Boreau Sedum pachyphyllum Rose Crassulaceae Sedum hispanicum L. Crassulaceae = Hylotelephium spectabile Crassulaceae (Boreau) Ohba S ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Sedum palmeri S.Watson ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Crassulaceae Sedum humifusum Rose ◆ Weed Sedum spurium M.Bieb. Crassulaceae Sedum pilosum M.Bieb. Crassulaceae ◆ Sedum japonicum Sieb. Crassulaceae Weed - 2 - 5 Crassulaceae Sedum potosinum Rose Sedum stahlii Solms Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae & C.A.Mey. Sedum stoloniferum Gmel. Crassulaceae Sedum praealtum DC. Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Sedum lanceolatum Torr. Sedum pulchellum Michx. Sedum tectorum Scop. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Sedum lineare Thunb. Sedum purpureum (L.) J.A.Schultes Sedum telephium L. Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 1 = Hylotelephium telephium (L.) = Hylotelephium telephium (L.) Sedum lucidum R.T.Clausen H.Ohba. H.Ohba. Crassulaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5

440 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Sedum ternatum Michx. umbrosa Lem. ex Hieron. Selenicereus hamatus (Pfeiff.) Britton Crassulaceae Selaginellaceae & Rose ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Cactaceae Sedum treleasei Rose Selaginella uncinata (Desv. ex Poir.) Selenicereus inermis Britton & Rose Crassulaceae Spring Cactaceae Selaginellaceae See: Epiphyllum steyermarkii Croizat Sedum trollii Werderm. ◆ Weed Crassulaceae Selenicereus kunthianus Britton & Rose Selaginella victoriae Moore Cactaceae Seemannia latifolia Fritsch Selaginellaceae = Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.) Gesneriaceae Britton & Rose Selaginella vogelii Spring Seguieria guaranitica Speg. Selaginellaceae Selenicereus macdonaldiae (Hook.) Phytolaccaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Britton & Rose sulcata (Hack.) A.Camus Cactaceae Selaginella wallichii (Hook. & Grev.) Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Spring Seidenfadenia mitrata (Rchb. f.) Garay Selaginellaceae Selenicereus megalanthus (K.Schum. Orchidaceae ex Vaupel) Moran Selaginella willdenovii (Desv. ex Poir.) See: Aerides mitrata Rchb. f. Cactaceae Baker ◆ Weed Selaginella apoda (L.) Spring Selaginellaceae Selaginellaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Selenicereus pteranthus (A.Dietr.) ◆ Weed Britton & Rose Selago corymbosa L. Cactaceae Selaginella biformis A.Braun ex Kuhn Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed Selaginellaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 ◆ Weed Selenicereus setaceus (Salm-Dyck ) Selago densiflora Rolfe ex Schinz Werderm. Selaginella braunii Baker Scrophulariaceae Cactaceae Selaginellaceae See: Walafrida densiflora Rolfe See: Mediocactus coccineus (DC.) ◆ Weed Selago thunbergii Choisy Britton & Rose Selaginella canaliculata Baker Scrophulariaceae Selenicereus spinulosus (DC.) Britton Selaginellaceae ◆ Weed - N & Rose Selaginella denticulata (L.) Link Selago thyrsoidea Baker Cactaceae Selaginellaceae Scrophulariaceae Selenicereus testudo (Karw.) Buxb. Selaginella emmeliana F.Schmitz Selenicereus anthonyanus (Alexander) Cactaceae Selaginellaceae D.R.Hunt Selenicereus urbanianus Britton & Rose Cactaceae Selaginella firmuloides Warb. Cactaceae See: Cryptocereus anthonyanus Selaginellaceae Alexander Selenicereus vagans (K.Brandegee) Selaginella flabellata (L.) Spring ◆ Weed Britton & Rose Cactaceae Selaginellaceae Selenicereus boeckmanni Britton & Rose ◆ Weed Cactaceae Selenicereus wittii (K.Schum.) G.D.Rowley Selaginella galeottii Spring Selenicereus chontalensis (Alexander) Cactaceae Selaginellaceae Kimnach Selinum monnieri L. Selaginella hordeiformis Baker Cactaceae Apiaceae Selaginellaceae Selenicereus chrysocardium = Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson S Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) (Alexander) Kimnach Selinum tenuifolium Salisb. A.Braun Cactaceae Apiaceae Selaginellaceae See: Epiphyllum chrysocardium ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Alexander Selinum wallichianum (DC.) Nasir Apiaceae Selaginella lepidophylla (Hook. Selenicereus coniflorus (Weing.) & Grev.) Spring Britton & Rose Selliguea feei Bory Selaginellaceae Cactaceae Polypodiaceae ◆ Weed Selaginella martensii Spring Selliguea feeioides Copel. Selaginellaceae Selenicereus donkelaarii (Salm-Dyck) Polypodiaceae ◆ Weed Britton & Rose Selliguea lima (Alderw.) Holttum Cactaceae Selaginella pallescens (C.Presl) Spring Polypodiaceae Selaginellaceae Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.) Britton Semele androgyna (L.) Kunth & Rose Selaginella plana (Desv. ex Poir.) Hieron. Liliaceae Cactaceae Selaginellaceae See: Selenicereus kunthianus Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Makino ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Britton & Rose Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 441 Semiaquilegia ecalcarata (Maxim.) Sempervivum heuffelii Schott Senecio chilensis Less. Sprague & Hutch. Crassulaceae Asteraceae Ranunculaceae = Jovibarba heuffelii (Schott) Senecio cineraria DC. = Aquilegia ecalcarata Maxim. A.Love & D.Love Asteraceae Semiaquilegia simulatrix J.R.Drumm. Sempervivum hirtum L. See: Senecio bicolor (Willd.) Tod. & Hutch. Crassulaceae nom. illeg., Senecio maritima Ranunculaceae nom. illeg. Sempervivum kosaninii Praeger ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Semiarundinaria fastuosa (Lat.-Marl. Crassulaceae ex Mitford) Makino ex Nakai Senecio cinerascens Aiton Sempervivum marmoreum Griseb. Poaceae Asteraceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Senecio citriformis G.D.Rowley Sempervivum montanum L. Semiarundinaria okuboi Makino Asteraceae Crassulaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Semiarundinaria yashadake (Makino) Senecio confusus Britten Sempervivum pumilum M.Bieb. Makino Asteraceae Crassulaceae Poaceae = Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides Sempervivum soboliferum Sims (Kunth) Cabrera Semnanthe lacera (Haw.) N.E.Br. Crassulaceae ◆ Weed Aizoaceae Sempervivum tectorum L. (Poir.) DC. Sempervivum allionii Landolt Crassulaceae Asteraceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N Sempervivum angustifolium A.Kern. Sempervivum zeleborii Schott Senecio cruentus (Masson Crassulaceae Crassulaceae ex L’Hérit.) DC. Sempervivum arachnoideum L. Asteraceae Senecio abrotanifolius L. Crassulaceae = Pericallis cruenta (Masson Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 ex L’Her.) Bolle Senecio adamsii T.J. Howell Sempervivum arenarium W.D.J.Koch Senecio cymosus Remy Asteraceae Crassulaceae Asteraceae = Packera streptanthifolia (Greene) Sempervivum atlanticum Ball W.A.Weber & A.Löve Senecio dentatus Jacq. Crassulaceae Asteraceae L. f. Sempervivum barbulatum Schott Asteraceae Senecio diaschides D.Drury Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Asteraceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Sempervivum borissovae Wale Senecio anteuphorbium (L.) Sch.Bip. Crassulaceae Asteraceae Senecio doria L. = Sempervivum caucasicum Rupr. ◆ Weed Asteraceae ex Boiss. ◆ Weed - 2 Senecio aquaticus Hill Sempervivum calcareum Jord. Asteraceae L. Crassulaceae ◆ Weed Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Sempervivum cantabricum J.A.Huber Senecio articulatus (L. f.) Sch.Bip. Crassulaceae Asteraceae Senecio ficoides Sch.Bip. ◆ Weed Asteraceae Sempervivum caucasicum Rupr. ex Boiss. S Crassulaceae Senecio bellidioides Hook. f. L. f. See: Sempervivum borissovae Wale Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Sempervivum ciliosum Graibn. Senecio bicolor (Willd.) Tod. nom. illeg. Crassulaceae Asteraceae Senecio greyi Hook. f. = Senecio cineraria DC. ssp. bicolor Asteraceae Sempervivum decorum (Webb) (Willd.) Arcang. H.Christ Senecio hansenii Kunkel ◆ Weed Crassulaceae Asteraceae See: Aeonium decorum (Webb) Bolle Senecio brassica R.E.Fries & T.C.E.Fr. Senecio haworthii Sch.Bip. Asteraceae Sempervivum X fauconnettii Reuter Asteraceae Crassulaceae Senecio calthaefolius Hook. f. Senecio heritieri DC. = Sempervivum arachnoideum L. Asteraceae Asteraceae X Sempervivum tectorum L. Senecio canus Hook. Senecio herreianus Dinter Sempervivum giuseppii Wale Asteraceae Asteraceae Crassulaceae = Packera cana (Hook.) W.A.Weber ◆ Weed & A.Löve Sempervivum glaucum Ten. Senecio hubertia Pers. Crassulaceae Senecio cassinioides Hook. f. Asteraceae Asteraceae

442 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Senecio hybridus (Willd.) Regel Senecio polyodon DC. Senna barclayana (Sweet) Randell Asteraceae Asteraceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae = Pericallis cuneata (L’Hér.) Bolle ◆ Weed - Nn Senecio pterophorus DC. Senecio jacobaea L. Asteraceae Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 See: Cassia bicapsularis L., Cassia Senecio radicans (L. f.) Sch.Bip. emarginata L. Senecio jacobsenii G.D.Rowley Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Asteraceae Senecio rowleyanus H.Jacobsen Senna birostris (Vogel) Irwin & Barneby Senecio keniodendron R.E.Fries Asteraceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae & T.C.E.Fr. Senecio saxifragoides Hook. f. Asteraceae Senna corymbosa (Lam.) H.S.Irwin Asteraceae & Barneby Senecio kleinia Less. Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Asteraceae ex D.Don See: Cassia corymbosa Lam. ◆ Weed Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 5 Senecio laxifolius Buchanan ◆ Weed Senna costata (J.F.Bailey & C.T.White) Asteraceae Senecio scaposus DC. Randell Senecio leucostachys Baker Asteraceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Asteraceae Senecio scorzoneroides Hook. f. Senna cumingii (Hook. & Arn.) Senecio linearifolius A.Rich Asteraceae H.S.Irwin & Barneby Asteraceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Senecio serpens G.D.Rowley ◆ Weed - Nn See: Cassia acuta Meyen ex T.Vogel Asteraceae DC. ◆ Weed Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) Asteraceae H.S.Irwin & Barneby Senecio smithii DC. ◆ Weed - N Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Asteraceae See: Cassia didymobotrya Fresen. Poir. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Asteraceae Senecio stapeliaeformis E.Phillips ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Senna X floribunda (Cav.) H.S.Irwin Asteraceae & Barneby Senecio mandraliscae (Tineo) Jacobsen = Kleinia stapeliiformis (E.Phillips) Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Asteraceae Stapf = Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) Irwin Senecio maritima nom. illeg. DC. & Barneby X Senna multiglandulosa Asteraceae Asteraceae (Jacq.) Irwin & Barneby = Senecio cineraria DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5A ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Senecio maritimus (L.) Reichb. Senecio viravira Hieron. Senna hamersleyensis Symon Asteraceae Asteraceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Senecio mikanioides Otto ex Walp. Asteraceae L. Senna hirsuta (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby = Delairea odorata Lem. Asteraceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 5 Senecio monroi Hook. f. Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Senna italica Mill. Asteraceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A See: Cassia obovata Collad. Senecio nemorensis L. ◆ Weed S Asteraceae Senna alexandrina Mill. ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Senna marilandica (L.) Link See: Cassia acutifolia Delile, Cassia Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Senecio neohumbertii Rowley angustifolia Vahl See: Cassia marilandica L., Cassia Asteraceae ◆ Weed acuminata Moench. Senecio pendulus Sch.Bip. Senna arnottiana (Hook.) Irwin Senna multiglandulosa (Jacq.) Asteraceae & Barneby H.S.Irwin & Barneby Senecio perdicioides Hook. f. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Asteraceae See: Cassia arnottiana Gillies ex Hook. See: Cassia tomentosa L. f. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 5 Senecio petasites DC. Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. Asteraceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Senna multijuga (Rich.) H.S.Irwin ◆ Weed See: Cassia auriculata L. & Barneby ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Senecio petasitis (Sims) DC. See: Cassia multijuga Rich. Asteraceae Senna bacillaris (L. f.) H.S.Irwin ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 5 = Roldana petasitis (Sims) H.Rob. & Barneby & Brettell Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 See: Cassia bacillaris L. f.

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 443 Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S.Irwin Senna versicolor (Meyen ex J.Vogel) Serratula nudicaulis (L.) de Candolle & Barneby H.S.Irwin & Barneby Asteraceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Serratula seoanei Willk. See: Cassia obtusifolia L. See: Cassia latopetiolata Dombey Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 ex Vogel Serratula tinctoria L. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Sequoia sempervirens (D.Don) Endl. Asteraceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Taxodiaceae ◆ Weed See: Cassia occidentalis L. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A - 5 Serruria acrocarpa R.Br. Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Proteaceae Senna pallida (Vahl) H.S.Irwin & J.Buchholz Barneby Taxodiaceae Serruria adscendens R.Br. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Proteaceae (Willd.) H.S.Irwin Serapias lingua L. Serruria aitonii R.Br. & Barneby Orchidaceae Proteaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed Serruria elongata R.Br. See: Cassia coluteoides Collad. Serapias vomeracea (Burm.) Briq. Proteaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A Orchidaceae Serruria florida (Thunb.) Knight Senna pleurocarpa (F.Müell.) Randell ◆ Weed Proteaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Serenoa repens (W.Bartram) Small Serruria florida (Thunb.) Knight Senna pumilio (Gray) Irwin & Barneby Arecaceae X Serruria rosea Phillips Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed Proteaceae Senna racemosa (Mill.) H.S.Irwin Serianthes sachetae Fosberg Serruria fucifolia Salisb. ex Knight & Barneby Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Proteaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Sericanthe andongensis (Hiern) Serruria glomerata R.Br. Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin E.Robbrecht Proteaceae & Barneby Rubiaceae Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Serruria gracilis Knight Sericocarpus linifolius (L.) Britton, See: Cassia laevigata Willd. Proteaceae Sterns & Pogg. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A Asteraceae Serruria linearis Salisb. ex Knight Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin Proteaceae Seriphidium maritimum (L.) Poljakov & Barneby Asteraceae Serruria pedunculata (Lam.) R.Br. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed Proteaceae See: Cassia siamea Lam. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Seriphidium vallesiacum (All.) Sojak. Serruria phylicoides R.Br. Asteraceae Proteaceae Senna singueana (Delile) Lock Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Serissa flore nom. inval. Serruria rosea Phillips Rubiaceae Proteaceae Senna sophera (L.) Roxb. = Serissa japonica (Thunb.) Thunb. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Sesamothamnus lugardii N.E.Br. See: Cassia sophera L. Serissa foetida (L. f.) Lam. ex Stapf ◆ Weed Rubiaceae Pedaliaceae = Serissa japonica (Thunb.) Thunb. Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S.Irwin Sesamum indicum L. ◆ Weed & Barneby Pedaliaceae S Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Serissa japonica (Thunb.) Thunb. See: Sesamum orientale L. See: Cassia carnaval Speg., Cassia Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A spectabilis DC. See: Serissa flore nom. inval., Sesamum orientale L. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 Serissa foetida (L. f.) Lam. Pedaliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Senna splendida (Vogel) H.S.Irwin = Sesamum indicum L. & Barneby Serjania clematidifolia Cambess. ◆ Weed - 2A - 3 Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Sapindaceae Sesbania aculeata Pers. nom. illeg. See: Cassia splendida Vogel Serjania exarata Radlk. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Senna sturtii (R.Br.) Randell Sapindaceae = Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) Wight Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - 3 Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Serjania filicifolia Radlk. Sesbania aegyptica Poir. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Sapindaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Cassia tora L. Serjania mexicana (L.) Willd. Sesbania arborea O. & I.Deg. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A Sapindaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Senna venusta (F.Müell.) Randell = Sesbania tomentosa Hook. & Arn. Serpyllopsis caespitosa (Gaudich.) Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae C.Chr. Hymenophyllaceae

444 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W.Wight Seseli gummiferum Pallas. ex Sm. Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Apiaceae Poaceae See: Sesbania aculeata Pers., ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Seseli transcaucasicum (Schischk.) nom. illeg. Pimenov & Sdobnina Setaria setosa (Sw.) P.Beauv. ◆ Weed Apiaceae Poaceae Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers. ◆ Weed Sesleria caerulea (L.) Ard. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae Setaria spartellum (S.T.Blake) ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed R.D.Webster Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. Poaceae Sessilistigma radians Goldblatt ex A.W.Hill Iridaceae Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf Leguminosae - Papilionaceae & C.E.Hubb. = Sesbania herbacea (Mill.) McVaugh (L.) L. Poaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 Aizoaceae See: Setaria splendida Stapf ◆ Weed - Nn Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Setaria appendiculata (Hack.) Stapf Setaria splendida Stapf See: Agati grandiflora (L.) Desv. Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth = Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Sesbania herbacea (P.Mill.) McVaugh Poaceae Stapf & C.E.Hubb. var. splendida Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 (Stapf) Clayton See: Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. Setaria gracilis Kunth Setaria tenuiseta de Wit ex A.W.Hill Poaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 4 - 5 = Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv. Sesbania macrantha Welw. ◆ Weed - 1A Poaceae ex E.Phillips & Hutch. Setaria incrassata (Hochst.) Hack. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv. ◆ Weed - N - 3 Poaceae Sesbania marginata Benth. Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae = Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers. Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. See: Panicum italicum L. ◆ Weed - 5 Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 See: Setaria macrostachya Kunth Sesbania punctata DC. Setaria macrostachya Kunth nom. illeg. nom. illeg. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. = Setaria leucopila (Scribn. & Merr.) Setaria woodii Hack. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae K.Schum. Poaceae See: Sesbania tripetii (Poit.) Hubb. ◆ Weed - 5 ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 Setcreasea pallida Rose Setaria megaphylla (Steud.) T.Durand Commelinaceae Sesbania quadrata J.B.Gillett & Schinz ◆ Weed - 4 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Seticereus icosagonus (Kunth) Backeb. Sesbania sericea (Willd.) Link Cactaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Setaria neglecta de Wit = Cleistocactus icosagonus (Kunth) ◆ Weed Poaceae A.Weber Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. Setaria palmifolia (J.Konig) Stapf Setiechinopsis mirabilis (Speg.) De Haas Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae Cactaceae S ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 = Echinopsis mirabilis Speg. Sesbania speciosa Taub. Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguelen Severinia buxifolia (Poir.) Ten. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae Rutaceae See: Setaria gracilis Kunth Sesbania tomentosa Hook. & Arn. ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3A - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Seyrigia bosseri Keraudr. See: Sesbania arborea O. & I.Deg. Setaria phragmitoides Stapf Cucurbitaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt. Sesbania tripetii (Poit.) Hubb. Setaria plicatilis (Hochst.) Hack. ex Engl. Elaeagnaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed = Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. Setaria poiretiana (Schult.) Kunth Sherardia arvensis L. Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers. Poaceae Rubiaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 See: Aeschynomene virgata Cav., Setaria porphyrantha Stapf Sesbania marginata Benth. Shibataea kumasasa (Zoll. ex Steud.) Poaceae ◆ Weed Mak. ex Nak. Poaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 445 Shibataea lanceifolia C.H.Hu Sida leprosa (Ortega) Schumann Sideritis hirsuta L. Poaceae Malvaceae Lamiaceae = Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov. Shorea curtisii Dyer ex King Sideritis lanata L. ◆ Weed - 4 Dipterocarpaceae Lamiaceae Sida mollis Ortega nom. illeg. ◆ Weed - N Shorea glauca King Malvaceae Dipterocarpaceae = Abutilon grandifolium Sideritis macrostachys Poir. Lamiaceae Shorea macroptera Dyer (Willd.) Sweet Dipterocarpaceae Sida pusilla Cav. Sideritis nutans Svent. Lamiaceae Shorea mecistopterix Ridl. Malvaceae Dipterocarpaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A Sideritis scordioides L. Lamiaceae Shorea obtusa Wall. ex Blume Sida rhombifolia L. Dipterocarpaceae Malvaceae Sideritis syriaca L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Lamiaceae Shorea pinanga Scheff. Dipterocarpaceae Sida spinosa L. Sideritis taurica Stephan ex Willd. Malvaceae Lamiaceae Shorea robusta C.F.Gaertn. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Dipterocarpaceae Sideroxylon inerme L. Sida subcordata Span. Sapotaceae Shorea siamensis Miq. Malvaceae Dipterocarpaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. Sapotaceae Shortia galacifolia Torr. & Gray Sida subspicata F.Müell. ex Benth. See: Bumelia lanuginosa Diapensiaceae Malvaceae (Michx.) Pers. ◆ Shortia soldanelloides (Sieb. & Zucc.) Weed - Nn Sieglingia decumbens (L.) Bernh. Makino Sidalcea candida A.Gray Poaceae Diapensiaceae Malvaceae = Danthonia decumbens (L.) DC. ◆ Weed Shuteria vestita Wight & Arn. ◆ Weed - 1A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Sidalcea hendersonii S.Wats. Sigmatostalix radicans Rchb. f. Malvaceae Sibbaldia procumbens L. Orchidaceae Rosaceae Sidalcea malviflora (DC.) A.Gray Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq. ◆ Weed ex Benth. Caryophyllaceae Malvaceae Sibiraea altaiensis (Laxm.) C.K.Schneid. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae Silene aegyptiaca L. f. Sidalcea neomexicana A.Gray Sibiraea laevigata (L.) Maxim. Malvaceae Caryophyllaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Sidalcea oregana (Nutt. ex Torr. Sicana odorifera (Vell.) Naudin & A.Gray) A.Gray Silene alba (Miller) Krause Cucurbitaceae Malvaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed = Poir. ssp. alba Siccobaccatus dolichospermaticus (Miller) Greuter & Burdet Siderasis fuscata (G.Lodd.) H.E.Moore (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 Commelinaceae & Esteves Silene alpestris Jacquin Cactaceae Sideritis bolleana Bornm. Caryophyllaceae = Micranthocereus Lamiaceae dolichospermaticus (Buining Silene andicola Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. S Sideritis cabrerae Ceball. & Ortuno & Brederoo) F.Ritter Caryophyllaceae Lamiaceae Sida acuta Burm. f. Silene apetala Willd. Sideritis canariensis L. Malvaceae Caryophyllaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Sideritis candicans Aiton Sida atherophora Domin Silene armeria L. Lamiaceae Malvaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Sideritis cystosiphon Svent. ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3 - 5 Lamiaceae Sida cordifolia L. Silene asterias Griseb. Malvaceae Sideritis dasygnaphala (Webb Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A - 4A & Berthel.) Clos Silene atocioides Boiss. Lamiaceae Sida fallax Walp. Caryophyllaceae Malvaceae Sideritis discolor (Webb ex de Noe) ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - 3 Bolle Silene banksia (Meerb.) Mabb. Lamiaceae Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby Caryophyllaceae Malvaceae Sideritis gomerae Bolle See: Lychnis X haageana Lemoine ◆ Weed Lamiaceae

446 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Silene bourgaei Webb ex Christ Silene hifacensis Rouy ex Willk. Silene rupestris L. Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Silene burchellii Otth Silene hookeri Nutt. Silene saxatilis Sims Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Silene californica Durand Silene italica Pers. Silene schafta Hohen. Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 2 Silene capensis Otth Caryophyllaceae Silene keiskei Miq. Silene suecica (Lodd.) Greuter & Burdet Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Silene chalcedonica (L.) E.H.L.Krause Caryophyllaceae Silene latifolia Poir. Silene tridentata Desf. ◆ Weed - 2 Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae See: Silene alba (Miller) Krause, ◆ Weed - N - 1A Silene coeli-rosa (L.) Godr. Silene pratensis (Rafn) Gren. & Godr. Caryophyllaceae Silene undulata Ait. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 See: Lychnis coeli-rosa (L.) Desr. Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Silene longicaulis Pourr. ex Lag. Silene uniflora Roth Caryophyllaceae Silene colorata Poir. Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Silene maritima With. Silene viridiflora L. Caryophyllaceae Silene compacta Fisch. Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed Silene multicaulis Guss. Silene conica L. Silene viscaria (L.) Jess. Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Silene noctiflora L. See: Lychnis viscaria L., Viscaria Caryophyllaceae vulgaris Bernh. Silene coronaria (L.) Clairv. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed Caryophyllaceae = Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr. Silene nocturna L. Silene vulgaris (Moench) Gancke ◆ Weed - 2 Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Silene cretica L. Caryophyllaceae Silene nutans L. Silene wolgensis (Willd.) Bess. ◆ Weed - 3 Caryophyllaceae ex Spreng. ◆ Weed Caryophyllaceae Silene delavayi Franch. Caryophyllaceae Silene orientalis Mill. Silene zawadskii Herbich Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Silene dichotoma Ehrh. Caryophyllaceae Silene otites (L.) Wibel Silphium integrifolium Michx. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Caryophyllaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed (L.) Clairv. Caryophyllaceae Silene palaestina Boiss. Silphium laciniatum L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Caryophyllaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Silene fimbriata Sims Caryophyllaceae Silene parnassica Boiss. & Spruner Silphium perfoliatum L. ◆ Weed Caryophyllaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 S Silene flos-cuculi (L.) Greuter & Burdet Silene pendula L. Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae marianum (L.) Gaertn. = Lychnis flos-cuculi L. ◆ Weed - N - 2 Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A - 5 Silene petraea Adam Silene flos-jovis (L.) Greuter & Burdet Caryophyllaceae Simethis planifolia (Vand. ex L.) Gren. Caryophyllaceae & Godr. Silene pratensis (Rafn) Gren. & Godr. Liliaceae Silene frivaldszkyana Hampe Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed Caryophyllaceae = Silene latifolia Poir. ssp. alba (Miller) Greuter & Burdet Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Silene fruticosa L. ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 C.K.Schneid. Caryophyllaceae Simmondsiaceae Silene pseudo-atocion Desf. Silene fuscata Link ex Brot. ◆ Weed Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - N Sinacalia tangutica (Maxim.) B.Nord. ◆ Weed - 3 Asteraceae Silene quadrifida (L.) L. Silene gallica L. See: Ligularia tangutica (Maxim.) Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Mattf. ex Rehder & Kobuski ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 447 Sinapis alba L. Sinocalycanthus chinensis Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. Brassicaceae (W.C.Cheng & S.Y.Chang) Iridaceae See: Brassica hirta Moench W.C.Cheng & S.Y.Chang See: Sisyrinchium graminoides Bickn. ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3A - 5 Calycanthaceae ◆ Weed L. Sinocrassula yunnanensis A.Berger Sisyrinchium atlanticum Bick. Brassicaceae Crassulaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed Sinofranchetia chinensis (Franch.) Sinapis juncea L. Hemsl. Sisyrinchium bellum S.Watson Brassicaceae Lardizabalaceae Iridaceae = Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Sinojackia rehderiana Hu Sisyrinchium bermudianum L. ◆ Weed Styracaceae Iridaceae Sinapis nigra L. misapp. in Australia = Sisyrinchium Sinojackia xylocarpa Hu Brassicaceae iridifolium Kunth Styracaceae = Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch ◆ Weed - 2 Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehder Sinapis sinensis J.F.Gmel. Sisyrinchium bogotense H.B & K. & E.H.Wilson Brassicaceae Iridaceae Menispermaceae Sinarundinaria intermedia (Munro) Sisyrinchium boreale (E.P.Bicknell) Siphocampylus comosus (Cavanilles) C.S.Chao & Renvoize J.K.Henry G.Don Poaceae Iridaceae Campanulaceae = Sisyrinchium californicum Merr. See: Lobelia comosa Cav. (Ker Gawl.) W.T.Aiton Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Siphocampylus giganteus (Cav.) G.Don ◆ Weed - N - 1A Sisyrinchium brachypus J.K.Henry Campanulaceae Iridaceae Sinningia canescens (Mart.) Wiehler Siphokentia beguinii Burret = Sisyrinchium californicum Gesneriaceae Arecaceae (Ker Gawl.) Dryand. Sinningia cardinalis (Lehmann) = Hydriastele beguinii (Burret) Sisyrinchium californicum (Ker Gawl.) H.E.Moore W.J.Baker & Loo Dryand. Gesneriaceae Siphokentia dransfieldii Hambali, Iridaceae Sinningia elliptica Goyena Maturbongs, Wanggai & W.J.Baker See: Sisyrinchium boreale Gesneriaceae Arecaceae (E.P.Bicknell) J.K.Henry, Sisyrinchium = Hydriastele dransfieldii (Hambali, brachypus J.K.Henry Sinningia eumorpha H.E.Moore Maturb., Wanggai & W.J.Baker) ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Gesneriaceae W.J.Baker & Loo Sisyrinchium convolutum Nocca. Sinningia leucotricha (Hoehne) Siphonochilus kirkii (Hook.) B.L.Burtt Iridaceae H.E.Moore Zingiberaceae ◆ Weed Gesneriaceae Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) A.M.Lu Sisyrinchium douglasii A.Dietr. Sinningia macropoda (Sprague) & Zhi Y.Zhang Iridaceae H.E.Moore Cucurbitaceae = Olsynium douglasii (A.Dietr.) Bickn. Gesneriaceae Sisymbrium altissimum L. Sisyrinchium exile Bickn. Sinningia sceptrum (Mart.) Wiehler Brassicaceae Iridaceae Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 = Bickn. Sinningia speciosa (G.Lodd.) Hiern ◆ Weed - 1A Sisymbrium erysimoides Desf. Gesneriaceae S Brassicaceae Sisyrinchium filifolium Gaudich. Sinningia tubiflora (Hook.) Fritsch ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Iridaceae Gesneriaceae Sisymbrium irio L. Sisyrinchium graminifolium Lindl. Sinningia warszewiczii (C.D.Bouché Brassicaceae Iridaceae & Hanst.) H.E.Moore ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Sisyrinchium graminoides Bickn. Gesneriaceae Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Iridaceae Sinobambusa rubroligula McClure Brassicaceae = Sisyrinchium angustifolium Miller Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed Sinobambusa tootsik (Makino) Makino Sisymbrium orientale L. Sisyrinchium idahoense E.Bickn. ex Nakai Brassicaceae Iridaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 See: Sisyrinchium macounii Bickn. Sinocalamus latiflorus (Munro) McClure Sisymbrium runcinatum Lag. ex DC. Sisyrinchium iridifolium Kunth Poaceae Brassicaceae Iridaceae See: Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed Sisymbrium thellungii O.E.Schulz Sisyrinchium junceum E.Mey. ex Presl Brassicaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A

448 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Sisyrinchium littorale Greene Smelowskia calycina (Steph. ex Willd.) Sobralia decora Bateman Iridaceae C.A.Mey. Orchidaceae Brassicaceae Sisyrinchium macounii Bickn. Sobralia macrantha Lindl. Iridaceae Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. Orchidaceae = Sisyrinchium idahoense E.Bickn. Liliaceae Sobralia xantholeuca B.S.Williams var. macounii (Bickn.) D.Henderson = Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Sisyrinchium macrocarpon Bickn. Socratea durissima (Oerst.) H.Wendl. Iridaceae Smilacina stellata Desf. Arecaceae Liliaceae Cav. = Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link Socratea salazarii H.E.Moore Iridaceae ◆ Weed Arecaceae = Sisyrinchium rosulatum Bickn. ◆ Weed Smilax aristolochiaefolia Willd. Soehrensia bruchii (Britton & Rose) Smilacaceae Bckbg. Sisyrinchium montanum Greene Cactaceae Iridaceae Smilax aspera L. = Echinopsis bruchii (Britton & Rose) ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Smilacaceae A.Cast. & Lelong ◆ Sisyrinchium patagonicum Philippi Weed - 2 Soehrensia grandis (Britton & Rose) ex Baker Smilax china L. Backeb. Iridaceae Smilacaceae Cactaceae ◆ Sisyrinchium pearcei Phil. Weed = Echinopsis bruchii (Britton & Rose) Iridaceae Smilax excelsa L. A.Cast. & Lelong Sisyrinchium rosulatum Bickn. Smilacaceae Soja hispida Moench ◆ Iridaceae Weed - 2 - 3 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Sisyrinchium exile Bickn., Smilax glauca Walter = Glycine max (L.) Merr. Sisyrinchium micranthum Cav. Smilacaceae Solandra grandiflora Sw. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Solanaceae Sisyrinchium striatum Sm. Smilax kraussiana Meisn. ◆ Weed Iridaceae Smilacaceae Solandra guttata D.Don ex Lindl. See: Phaiophleps nigricans (Phil.) ◆ Weed Solanaceae R.C.Foster ◆ Weed - 2 Smilax laurifolia L. Solandra hirsuta Dun. Smilacaceae Solanaceae Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J.G.Sm. ◆ Weed Poaceae Solandra longiflora Tussac = Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey Smilax marginulata Mart. ex Griseb. Solanaceae ◆ Weed Smilacaceae Solandra maxima (Sessé & Moc.) Sium latifolium L. Smilax officinalis Kunth P.S.Green Apiaceae Smilacaceae Solanaceae ◆ ◆ Weed Smithia setulosa Dalz. Weed - 1 - 2 Sium sisarum L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Solandra nitida Zucc. Apiaceae Smithiantha zebrina (Paxton) Kuntze Solanaceae ◆ Weed Gesneriaceae = Swartsia nitida (Zucc.) Standl. ◆ Weed Skimmia X confusa N.P.Taylor Smodingium argutum E.Mey. ex Sond. Rutaceae Anacardiaceae Solanecio mannii (Hook. f.) C.Jeffrey Asteraceae Skimmia japonica Thunb. S Smyrnium olusatrum L. Rutaceae Apiaceae Solanopteris bifrons (Hook.) Copel. ◆ Weed - 2 Polypodiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Skimmia laureola (DC.) Sieb. & Zucc. Solanopteris brunei (Werckl ex H.Christ) Smyrnium perfoliatum L. ex Walp. W.H.Wagner Apiaceae Rutaceae Polypodiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Skimmia reevesiana Fortune Solanum abutiloides (Griseb.) Bitter Sobralia alba nom. illeg. Rutaceae & Lillo Orchidaceae Solanaceae Sleumerodendron austro-caledonicum = Sobralia augusta Hoehne ◆ Weed - N - 1A (Brongn. & Griseb.) Virot Sobralia amabilis (Rchb. f.) Proteaceae Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. L.O.Williams D’Arcy Solanaceae Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 & Endl.) H.Rob. Sobralia augusta Hoehne Asteraceae Mill. Orchidaceae See: Polymnia sonchifolia Poepp. Solanaceae See: Sobralia alba nom. illeg. & Endl. = Solanum ptychanthum Dunal ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3A - 5

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 449 Solanum amotapense Svenson Solanum douglasii Dunal Solanum laxum Spreng. Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - N - 1 Solanum anomalum Thonn. Solanaceae L. Solanum linearifolium Geras. ex Symon Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanum atropurpureum Schrank ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - Nn Solanaceae ◆ Weed Solanum dulcamaroides Dunal Solanum linnaeanum Hepper & Solanaceae P.-M.L.Jaeger G.Forst. Solanaceae Solanaceae Cav. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Solanaceae ◆ Solanum lycioides L. Solanum baylisii Gerasimenko Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Solanaceae Solanaceae D.Don Solanum lycopersicum L. Solanum betaceum Cav. Solanaceae ◆ Solanaceae Solanaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 = Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. See: Cyphomandra crassicaulis Solanum ferox L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 (Cav.) Sendtn. Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 Solanum macranthum Dunal Solanum fraxinifolium Dunal Solanaceae Solanum brevidens Phil. Solanaceae Solanaceae = Solanum crinitum Lam. Solanum furcatum Dunal ◆ Weed - 5 Solanum canense Rydb. Solanaceae Solanum macrocarpon L. Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Solanaceae Solanum capsicastrum Link ex Schauer Solanum geniculatum Drège ex Dunal ◆ Weed Solanaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 Solanum marginatum L. f. Solanum gilo Raddi Solanaceae Solanum capsiciforme (Domin) Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A G.T.S.Baylis Solanaceae Solanum hendersonii W.Wight Scop. ◆ Weed - Nn Solanaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5A Solanum capsicoides All. Solanum hispidum Pers. Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanum melanocerasum All. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Solanaceae Solanum caricaefolium Rusby Solanum hystrix R.Br. Solanum melongena L. Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3 - 4A Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 5 Solanum cervantesii Lag. Solanaceae Solanum indicum L. Solanum muricatum Aiton Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanum chenopodioides Lam. ◆ Weed Solanaceae = Dunal ◆ ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Weed - 3 L. Solanum jacquini Miq. Solanaceae Solanum chrysotrichum Schltdl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Solanaceae Solanaceae ◆ Solanum ohrondii Carrière Weed Solanum jamaicense Mill. Solanaceae S Solanum cinereum R.Br. Solanaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Solanum oligacanthum F.Müell. ◆ Solanaceae Weed - Nn - 1A Solanum jasminoides Paxton ◆ Weed - Nn Solanum citrullifolium A.Braun Solanaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Solanum orbiculatum Poiret ◆ Solanaceae Weed - 2 Solanum khasianum C.B.Clarke ◆ Weed - Nn Solanum crinitum Lam. Solanaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed Solanum pancheri Guillaumin See: Solanum macranthum Dunal Solanaceae Solanum kurzii Brace. Solanum crispum Ruiz & Pav. Solanaceae Solanum panduriforme Drège ex Dunal Solanaceae Solanaceae Aiton ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Solanaceae Solanum densiflorum Sendtn. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Solanum phureja Juz. & Bukasov Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal Solanum dimidiatum Raf. Solanaceae Solanum physalifolium Rusby Solanaceae See: Solanum indicum L. Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 4 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5

450 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Solanum pimpinellifolium Jusl. Solanum sturtianum F.Müell. Soldanella villosa Darracq Solanaceae Solanaceae Primulaceae = Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium ◆ Weed - Nn Soleirolia soleirolii (Req.) Dandy (L.) Mill. Solanum suaveolens Kunth Urticaceae ◆ Weed - 1 & C.D.Bouche See: Helxine soleirolii Req. L. Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Solanaceae Solanum tomatillo (J.Remy) F.Phil. Solenangis aphylla (Thouars) Summerh. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Solanaceae Orchidaceae Solanum pseudolycioides Chod. Solanum torvum Sw. Solenomelus pedunculatus (Gillies) & Hassl. Solanaceae Hochr. Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5A Iridaceae Solanum ptychanthum Dunal Solanum tridynamum Dunal Solenophora calycosa Donn.Sm. Solanaceae Solanaceae Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Solanum triflorum Nutt. Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd Solanum quadrangulare L. f. Solanaceae Lamiaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 ◆ Weed - 2 Solanum quercifolium L. Solanum tripartitum Dunal Solenostemon shirensis (Gürke) Codd Solanaceae Solanaceae Lamiaceae Solanum quitoense Lam. Solanum tuberosum L. Solidago bicolor L. Solanaceae Solanaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Solanum radicans L. f. Solanum tucumanense Griseb. Solidago caesia L. Solanaceae Solanaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A ◆ Weed - 2 Solanum umbelliferum Eschsch. Solanum rantonnei Carrière Solanaceae Solidago canadensis L. Solanaceae Asteraceae = Lycianthes rantonnetii (Carrière Solanum uporo Dunal See: Solidago virginiana Mill. ex Lescuy.) Bitter Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed Solanum vespertilio Ait. Solidago caucasica Kem.-Nath. Solanum rantonnetii Carrière ex Lescuy. Solanaceae Asteraceae Solanaceae Mill. = Lycianthes rantonnetii (Carrière Solidago cutleri Fern. Solanaceae ex Lescuy.) Bitter Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A ◆ Weed Solanum retroflexum Dunal Solanum violaceum Ortega Solanaceae Solidago flexicaulis L. Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - 2 Solanum robustum H.L.Wendl. Solanum wendlandii Hook. f. Solanaceae Solidago gigantea Aiton Solanaceae ◆ Weed - 4 Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Solanum rostratum Dunal Solanum wrightii Benth. Solanaceae Solidago glomerata Michx. Solanaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 3 S Solanum sandwicense Hook. & Arn. Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb. Soldanella alpina L. Solanaceae Asteraceae Primulaceae = Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn. Soldanella carpatica Vierh. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Solanaceae Primulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 Solidago X luteus (M.L.Green) Soldanella cyanaster O.Schwarz Brouillet & Semple Solanum schimperianum Hochst. ex F.K.Meyer Asteraceae Solanaceae Primulaceae = X Solidaster luteus (Everett) Andrews M.L.Green ex Dress Soldanella minima Hoppe Solanaceae ◆ Weed Primulaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5A Solidago odora Aiton Soldanella montana Willd. Lam. Asteraceae Primulaceae Solanaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Solidago ptamicoides (Nees) B.Boiv. Soldanella pusilla Baumg. Solanum stellatiglandulosum Bitter X Solidago canadensis L. Primulaceae Solanaceae Asteraceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 451 Solidago ptarmicoides (Torr. & A.Gray) Soliva pterosperma (Juss.) Less. Sophora chrysophylla (Salisb.) Seem. B.Boivin Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae = Ruiz & Pav. Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels See: Aster ptarmicoides (Nees) Torr. ◆ Weed - 1 - 3A - 4A - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae & Gray Soliva sessilis Ruiz & Pav. Sophora flavescens Aiton Solidago randii (Porter) Britton Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae See: Soliva pterosperma (Juss.) Less. ◆ Weed = Solidago simplex Kunth ssp. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 - 5 randii (Porter) Ringius var. randii Sophora glauca Lesch. ex DC. Soliva stolonifera (Brot.) Sweet Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Solidago riddellii Frank ex Riddell Asteraceae Asteraceae = Gymnostyles stolonifera (Brot.) Tutin Sophora japonica L. = Oligoneuron riddellii (Frank) Rydb. ◆ Weed - 1A - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Solidago rigida L. Sollya heterophylla Lindl. Asteraceae Pittosporaceae Sophora macrocarpa Sm. = Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small = (Lindl.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 3 L.Cayzer & Crisp. Sophora microphylla Aiton ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A Solidago rugosa P.Mill. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae Sommieria elegans Becc. Sophora mollis (Royle) Graham ex Baker ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Solidago rugosa P.Mill. X Solidago Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours. ◆ Weed canadensis L. Asteraceae Sophora prostrata Buchanan Asteraceae Sonchus arboreus (Brouss.) DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Solidago sempervirens L. Asteraceae Sophora secundiflora (Ortega) Lag. Asteraceae Sonchus arvensis L. ex DC. ◆ Weed - N - 5 Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Solidago simplex Kunth ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed Asteraceae Sonchus asper (L.) Hill Sophora tetraptera J.F.Mill. See: Solidago randii (Porter) Britton Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Solidago speciosa Nutt. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - Nn Asteraceae Sonchus canariensis (Sch.Bip.) Boulos Sophora toromiro Skottsb. ◆ Weed Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Solidago squarrosa Nutt. Sonchus capillaris Svent. Sophora velutina Lindl. Asteraceae Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Sonchus congestus Willd. Sophronitis brevipedunculata Solidago uliginosa Nutt. Asteraceae (Cogn.) Fowlie Asteraceae Orchidaceae Sonchus fauces-orci Knoche Solidago virgaurea L. Asteraceae Sophronitis briegeri (Blumensch. ex Asteraceae Pabst) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase ◆ Weed Sonchus gandogeri Pitard Orchidaceae Asteraceae Solidago virginiana Mill. See: Laelia briegeri Blumensch. Asteraceae Sonchus grandifolius Kirk ex Pabst = Solidago canadensis L. Asteraceae Sophronitis cernua (Lindl.) Lindl. S = Embergeria grandifolia (Kirk) Boulos X Solidaster luteus (Everett) M.L.Green Orchidaceae ex Dress Sonchus hierrensis (Pit) Boul. Sophronitis coccinea (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Asteraceae Asteraceae Orchidaceae = Solidago canadensis L. X Aster sp. - Sonchus leptocephalus Cass. See: Aster hybridus hort. var. luteus, Sophronitis mantiqueirae (Fowlie) Asteraceae Solidago X luteus (M.L.Green) Fowlie Brouillet & Semple L. Orchidaceae Asteraceae Solisia pectinata (Stein) Britton & Rose Sophronitis wittigiana Barb.Rodr. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Cactaceae Orchidaceae = Mammillaria pectinifera Sonchus ortunoi Svent. Sorbaria aitchisonii (Hemsl.) Rehder F.A.C.Weber Asteraceae Rosaceae Soliva anthemifolia (Juss.) Sweet Sonchus tenerrimus L. Sorbaria arborea C.K.Schneid. Asteraceae Asteraceae Rosaceae = Gymnostyles anthemifolia Juss. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Sonerila rheedii Wall. Sorbaria assurgens M.Vilm. & Bois Melastomataceae Rosaceae

452 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Sorbaria grandiflora (Sweet) Maxim. Sorbus folgneri (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder Sorbus scopulina Greene Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Sorbus forrestii H.A.McAllister Sorbus setschwanensis (C.K.Schneid.) Sorbaria kirilowii (Regel) Maxim. & C.M.Gillham Koehne Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Sorbus glabrescens (Card.) Hand.-Mazz. Sorbus sitchensis M.Roem. Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A.Braun Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Sorbus hibernica E.F.Warburg Sorbus subcuneata Wilmott ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Rosaceae Rosaceae Sorbaria tomentosa (Lindl.) Rehder ◆ Weed Sorbus thibetica (Cardot.) Hand-Mazz. Rosaceae Sorbus hupehensis C.K.Schneid. ◆ Rosaceae Weed - 2 Rosaceae Sorbus X thuringiaca (Ilse) Fritsch Sorbus alnifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) K.Koch ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae Rosaceae Sorbus hybrida L. Sorbus tianschanica Rupr. Sorbus americana Marshall Rosaceae ◆ Rosaceae Rosaceae Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Sorbus incisa Hedl. Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz Rosaceae Sorbus anglica Hedl. Rosaceae ◆ Weed Rosaceae Sorbus insignis (Hook. f.) Hedl. Sorbus vestita (Wall. ex G.Don) Lodd. Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Sorbus intermedia (Ehrh.) Pers. ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae Sorbus vilmorinii C.K.Schneid. ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz X Sorbus ◆ Weed aucuparia L. Sorbus koehneana C.K.Schneid. Rosaceae Rosaceae Sorbus wilsoniana C.K.Schneid. ◆ Weed Rosaceae Sorbus lancastriensis E.F.Warburg Sorbus aronioides Rehder Rosaceae Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash Rosaceae Poaceae Sorbus latifolia (Lam.) Pers. ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 3 Sorbus arranensis Hedl. Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Sorghum X almum Parodi Poaceae Sorbus aucuparia L. Sorbus maderensis (Lowe) Dode = Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Rosaceae Rosaceae X Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Sorbus megalocarpa Rehder ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Sorbus cashmiriana Hedl. Rosaceae Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf Rosaceae Sorbus mougeotii Soy.-Will. & Godr. Poaceae Sorbus chamaemespilus (L.) Crantz Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A Rosaceae Sorbus pohuashanensis (Hance) Hedl. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Sorbus commixta Hedl. Rosaceae Poaceae Rosaceae Sorbus porrigentiformis E.F.Warburg See: Sorghum caffrorum (Thunb.) P.Beauv., Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Sorbus croceocarpa Sell Rosaceae Host, Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Rosaceae ◆ Weed Stapf, Sorghum saccharatum (L.) S ◆ Weed - 2 Sorbus reducta Diels Moench, Sorghum subglabrescens Sorbus cuspidata (Spach) Hedl. Rosaceae (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch., Sorghum nom. illeg. Sorbus rehderiana Koehne vulgare Pers. nom. illeg. Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 = Sorbus vestita (Wall. ex G.Don) Sorghum brevicarinatum Snowden Lodd. Sorbus rhamnoides (Decne.) Rehder Rosaceae Poaceae Sorbus devoniensis E.F.Warb. ◆ Weed - N Rosaceae Sorbus rupicola (Syme) Hedl. Sorghum caffrorum (Thunb.) P.Beauv. ◆ Weed Rosaceae ◆ Weed Poaceae Sorbus discolor (Maxim.) Maxim. = Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Rosaceae Sorbus sambucifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) M.Roem. Sorghum caudatum (Hack.) Stapf Sorbus domestica L. Rosaceae Poaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Sorbus sargentiana Koehne Poaceae Sorbus esserteauiana Koehne Rosaceae = Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Rosaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 453 Sorghum X drummondii (Steud.) Sparaxis parviflora (G.J.Lewis) Spathiphyllum cannifolium (Dryand.) Millsp. & Chase Goldblatt Schott Poaceae Iridaceae Araceae = Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench X See: Synnotia parviflora G.Lewis See: Philodendron cannifolium Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf (Dryand.) G.Don L.Bolus See: Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf Iridaceae Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum ◆ Weed - N - 4 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A (Liebm.) Engl. Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf Araceae (Schneev.) Ker Gawl. Poaceae Iridaceae Spathiphyllum commutatum Schott = Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Araceae Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Sparaxis variegata (Sweet) Goldblatt Spathiphyllum floribundum (Lindl. Poaceae Iridaceae & André) N.E.Br. See: Sorghum miliaceum (Roxb.) See: Synnotia variegata Sweet Araceae Snowden ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Sparaxis villosa (Burm. f.) Goldblatt Spathiphyllum patinii (Hogg) N.E.Br. Iridaceae Araceae Sorghum margaritiferum Stapf See: Gladiolus villosus Ker Gawl., Poaceae Spathiphyllum phryniifolium Schott Synnotia bicolor (Thunb.) Sweet, D’Arcy Sorghum miliaceum (Roxb.) Snowden Synnotia villosa (Burm. f.) N.E.Br. Araceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N = Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel erectum L. ◆ Weed Araceae Sorghum roxburghii Stapf See: Sparganium ramosum Huds. Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 4 Bignoniaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Sorghum saccharatum (L.) Moench Sparganium ramosum Huds. Poaceae Sparganiaceae Spathoglottis elmeri Ames = Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench = Sparganium erectum L. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Spathoglottis grandifolia Schltr. Sorghum stipoideum (Ewart & Jean Sparrmannia africana L. f. Orchidaceae White) C.A.Gardner & C.E.Hubb. Tiliaceae Spathoglottis lilacina Griff. Poaceae ◆ Weed Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Sparrmannia ricinocarpa (Eckl. Spathoglottis lobbii Rchb. f. Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) & Zeyh.) Kuntze Orchidaceae Schweinf. & Asch. Tiliaceae Poaceae Spathoglottis pacifica Rchb. f. anglica C.E.Hubb. = Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Orchidaceae Poaceae Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 4 - 5 Spathoglottis plicata Blume Poaceae Orchidaceae Spartina maritima (Curtis) Fernald = Sorghum X drummondii (Steud.) ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 Poaceae Millsp. & Chase) ◆ Weed - N - 1 Spathoglottis portus-finschii Kraenzl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Orchidaceae Spartina pectinata Bosc. ex Link Sorghum vulgare Pers. nom. illeg. Poaceae Spathoglottis pubescens Lindl. Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Orchidaceae = Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench S ◆ Weed - 2A - 3 Spartina X townsendii H. & J.Groves Spergula arvensis L. Poaceae Caryophyllaceae (L.) Ker Gawl. = Spartina alterniflora Lois X ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4 - 5 Iridaceae Spartina maritima (Curtis) Fernald ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Spergula pentandra L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Caryophyllaceae Sparaxis elegans (Sweet) Goldblatt Spartium junceum L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Iridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Spergularia bocconii (Scheele) Asch. Sparaxis fragrans (Jacq.) Ker Gawl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A - 5 & Graebn. Iridaceae Spartocytisus supranubius (L. f.) Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed H.Christ ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Sparaxis grandiflora (D.Delaroche) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Spergularia diandra (Guss.) Boiss. Ker Gawl. Spatalla setacea (R.Br.) Rourke Caryophyllaceae Iridaceae Proteaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Spathicarpa sagittifolia Schott Spergularia levis Cambess. Sparaxis metelerkampiae (L.Bolus) Araceae Caryophyllaceae Goldblatt & J.C.Manning ◆ Weed - N Iridaceae Spathiphyllum blandum Schott See: Synnotia metelerkampiae L.Bolus Araceae

454 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Spergularia maritima (All.) Chiov. Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. acmella (L.) L. Caryophyllaceae Malvaceae Asteraceae = Spergularia media (L.) C.Presl See: Malvastrum coccineum ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed (Nutt.) Gray Spilanthes oleracea L. ◆ Weed - 3 Spergularia media (L.) C.Presl Asteraceae Caryophyllaceae Sphaeralcea incana Torr. ex Gray Spiloxene alba (Thunb) Fourcade See: Spergularia maritima (All.) Chiov. Malvaceae ◆ Weed - N Liliaceae Sphaeralcea munroana (Dougl. Spiloxene aquatica (L. f.) Fourc. Spergularia rubra (L.) J.Presl & C.Presl ex Lindl.) Spach ex A.Gray Liliaceae Caryophyllaceae Malvaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Spiloxene canaliculata Garside Sphaeralcea umbellata (Cav.) G.Don Liliaceae Spergularia rupicola Lebel ex Le Jolis Malvaceae Caryophyllaceae Spiloxene capensis (L.) Garside Sphaeromeria cana (D.C.Eaton) ◆ Weed Liliaceae A.A.Heller ◆ Weed - N - 1A Spergularia salina J.Presl & C.Presl Asteraceae Caryophyllaceae See: Tanacetum canum D.C.Eat. Spiloxene linearis (Andrews) Garside Liliaceae Spergularia villosa (Pers.) Camb. Sphaeromeria capitata Nutt. Caryophyllaceae Asteraceae Spiloxene serrata (Thunb.) Garside ◆ Weed - N - 5 See: Tanacetum capitatum (Nutt.) Liliaceae Torr. & Gray Spermacoce articularis L. f. Spiloxene stellata Salisb. Rubiaceae Sphaeropteris excelsa (Endl.) R.Tryon Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N Cyatheaceae Spinacia oleracea L. Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pav. Sphaeropteris medullaris (G.Forst.) Chenopodiaceae Rubiaceae Bernh. ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 = Spermacoce remota Lam. Cyatheaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 Spinifex longifolius R.Br. Sphaeropteris robusta (Watts) R.Tryon Poaceae Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) Adams Cyatheaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Rubiaceae See: Spermacoce mauritiana Gideon Sphaerostephanos loherianus (Christ) Spinifex sericeus R.Br. ◆ Weed Holttum Poaceae Thelypteridaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Spermacoce latifolia Aubl. Rubiaceae Sphaerostephanos taiwanensis Spiraea aemiliana C.K.Schneid. ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 (C.Chr.) Holttum ex C.M.Kuo Rosaceae Thelypteridaceae Spermacoce mauritiana Gideon Spiraea alba Duroi Rubiaceae Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski Rosaceae = Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) Asteraceae See: Spiraea latifolia (Aiton) Borkh. Adams See: Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A Spiraea alba Duroi X Spiraea Spermacoce remota Lam. Sphalmanthus sulcatus (Haw.) L.Bolus douglasii Hook. Rubiaceae Aizoaceae Rosaceae See: Borreria assurgens (Ruiz & Pav.) = Spiraea X billardii Hérincq Sphenomeris chinensis (L.) Maxon Griseb., Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz ◆ Weed - 2 & Pav. Dennstaedtiaceae ◆ Weed - N = Odontosoria chinensis (L.) J.Sm. Spiraea alba Duroi X Spiraea salicifolia L. S ◆ Weed Rosaceae Spermacoce verticillata L. ◆ Weed - 2 Rubiaceae Sphenomeris chusana (L.) Copel. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3A Dennstaedtiaceae Spiraea alpina Pall. = Odontosoria chinensis (L.) J.Sm. Rosaceae Sphaeradenia carrilloana Grayum & Hammel Sphenomeris deltoidea Cop. Spiraea angustifolia Otto & Dietr. Cyclanthaceae Dennstaedtiaceae Rosaceae Sphaeralcea ambigua A.Gray divaricatus (Gouan) Rchb. Spiraea X arguta Zabel Malvaceae Poaceae Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N See: Spiraea multiflora Zabel X Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav.) G.Don Spiraea thunbergii Siebold ex Blume Malvaceae Sphyrospermum buxifolium Poepp. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed & Endl. Ericaceae Spiraea bella Sims Sphaeralcea caespitosa M.E.Jones Rosaceae Malvaceae Sphyrospermum cordifolium Benth. Ericaceae Spiraea betulifolia Pall. Sphaeralcea cisplatina A.St.-Hil. Rosaceae Malvaceae ◆ Weed - N See: Spiraea corymbosa Raf.

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 455 Spiraea X billardii Hérincq Spiraea douglasii Hook. X Spiraea Spiraea pubescens Turcz. Rosaceae salicifolia L. Rosaceae See: Sipraea alba Duroi X Spiraea Rosaceae Spiraea reevesiana Lindl. douglasii Hook. ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 5 Spiraea flexuosa Fisch. ex Cambess. Spiraea rosthornii E.Pritz. Spiraea X billiardii Hérincq Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Spiraea X fontenaysii Lebas Spiraea salicifolia L. Spiraea blumei G.Don Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Spiraea fritschiana C.K.Schneid. ◆ Weed - 2 Spiraea X brachybotrys Lange Rosaceae Spiraea X sanssouciana K.Koch Rosaceae Spiraea gemmata Zabel Rosaceae = Spiraea canescens D.Don. Rosaceae = Spiraea japonica L. X Spiraea X Spiraea douglasii Hook. douglasii Hook. ◆ Weed - 2 Spiraea gracilis Maxim. ◆ Rosaceae Weed - 2 Spiraea X bumalda Burv. Spiraea sericea Turcz. Rosaceae Spiraea humilis Pojark. Rosaceae = Spiraea albiflora (Miq.) Zabel Rosaceae X Spiraea japonica L. Spiraea hypericifolia L. Spiraea splendens Baumann ex K.Koch ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Rosaceae Rosaceae ◆ See: Spiraea densiflora Nutt. Spiraea bumalda Burv. Weed - 2 - 5 ex Greenm. Rosaceae Spiraea japonica L. f. = Spiraea japonica L. f. Rosaceae Spiraea thunbergii Siebold ex Blume ◆ Weed - 5 See: Spiraea bumalda Burv. Rosaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 Spiraea californica Torr. Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Rosaceae Spiraea latifolia (Aiton) Borkh. Spiraea tomentosa L. = Vauquelinia californica (Torr.) Sarg. Rosaceae Rosaceae = Spiraea alba Du Roi var. latifolia ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Spiraea canescens D.Don (Ait.) Dippel Rosaceae Spiraea trichocarpa Nakai ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 Rosaceae Spiraea longigemmis Maxim. Spiraea canescens D.Don. X Spiraea Spiraea trilobata L. Rosaceae douglasii Hook. Rosaceae Rosaceae Spiraea X margaritae Zab. ◆ Weed - 2 See: Spiraea X brachybotrys Lange Rosaceae Spiraea ulmaria L. ◆ Weed - 2 Spiraea media Schmidt Rosaceae Spiraea cantoniensis Lour. Rosaceae = Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Spiraea X vanhouttei (Briot) Zabel ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Spiraea menziesii Hook. Rosaceae Spiraea chamaedryfolia L. Rosaceae = Spiraea cantoniensis Lour. Rosaceae = Spiraea douglasii Hook. X Spiraea trilobata L. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 var. menziesii (Hook.) C.Presl ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - 5 Spiraea X cinerea Zabel Spiraea veitchii Hemsl. Rosaceae Spiraea miyabei Koidz. Rosaceae Rosaceae S Spiraea corymbosa Raf. Spiraea velutina Franch. Rosaceae Spiraea X multiflora Zabel Rosaceae = Spiraea betulifolia Pall. Rosaceae Spiraea wilsonii Duthie var. corymbosa (Raf.) Maxim. Spiraea multiflora Zabel X Spiraea Rosaceae ◆ Weed thunbergii Siebold ex Blume Spiranthes argyrifolia Barb.Rodr. Spiraea decumbens W.D.J.Koch Rosaceae Orchidaceae Rosaceae = Spiraea X arguta Zabel ◆ Weed - 2 Spiranthes gracilis (Bigelow) Beck Spiraea densiflora Nutt. ex Greenm. Orchidaceae Rosaceae Spiraea nervosa (Yatabe.) Ohwi. = Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. = Spiraea splendens Baumann Rosaceae var. gracilis (Bigelow) Luer ex K.Koch Spiraea nipponica Maxim. Rosaceae Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. Spiraea douglasii Hook. Orchidaceae Rosaceae Spiraea pikoviensis Besser See: Spiranthes gracilis (Bigelow) Beck See: Spiraea menziesii Hook. Rosaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Spiranthes navarrensis (Ames) Spiraea prunifolia Sieb. & Zucc. L.O.Williams Rosaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2

456 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. fertilis (Steud.) Clayton Stachys chinensis Bge. ex Benth. Orchidaceae Poaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5A ◆ Weed polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Sporobolus fimbriatus (Trin.) Nees Stachys coccinea Jacq. Lemnaceae Poaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) Sporobolus giganteus Nash Stachys cretica L. C.H.Thomps. Poaceae Lamiaceae Lemnaceae ◆ Weed Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 Poaceae Stachys densiflora Benth. Spirostachys africana Sond. See: Kunth, Lamiaceae Euphorbiaceae P.Beauv. Stachys discolor Benth. ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Lamiaceae cytherea Sonn. Sporobolus ioclados (Trin.) Nees Stachys germanica L. Anacardiaceae Poaceae Lamiaceae = Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - 2 Sporobolus jacquemontii Kunth Stachys grandiflora (Stephan Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson Poaceae ex Willd.) Benth. Anacardiaceae = Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. var. Lamiaceae See: Spondias cytherea Sonn. pyramidalis (Beauv.) Veldkamp ◆ Weed ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1A - 3A - 5 Stachys heraclea All. Spondias mombin L. Sporobolus natalensis (Steud.) Lamiaceae Anacardiaceae T.Durand & Schinz ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5A Stachys macrantha (K.Koch) Stearn Spondias pinnata (J.Konig ex L. f.) Kurz Lamiaceae Anacardiaceae Sporobolus pyramidalis P.Beauv. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Poaceae = Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. var. Stachys monieri (Gouan) P.W.Ball Spondias purpurea L. pyramidalis (Beauv.) Veldkamp Lamiaceae Anacardiaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3A - 5A ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Stachys nivea Labill. (L.) Kunth Lamiaceae Sporobolus africanus (Poir.) Robyns Poaceae ◆ Weed & Tournay ◆ Weed - Nn Poaceae Stachys ocymastrum (L.) Briq. = Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. Sporobolus wrightii Munro ex Scribn. Lamiaceae var. capensis Engl. Poaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5A Sprekelia formosissima (L.) Herb. Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis. Sporobolus agrostoides Chiov. Liliaceae Lamiaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed See: Betonica officinalis L. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr. Staberoha remota Pillans Poaceae Restionaceae Stachys olympica Poir. ◆ Weed - 5 Lamiaceae Stachys affinis Bunge = Stachys byzantina K.Koch Sporobolus consimilis Fresen. Lamiaceae Poaceae See: Stachys tuberifera Naudin Stachys palustris L. S ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Sporobolus contractus Hitchc. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Poaceae Stachys albens A.Gray Lamiaceae Stachys recta L. Sporobolus coromandelianus Lamiaceae (Retz.) Kunth Stachys alopecuros (L.) Bentham ◆ Weed Poaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A Stachys rugosa Ait. Stachys alpina L. Lamiaceae Sporobolus creber De Nardi Lamiaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Stachys setifera C.A.Mey. ◆ Weed - Nn Lamiaceae Stachys arvensis (L.) L. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A.Gray Lamiaceae Stachys sylvatica L. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed - N Stachys byzantina K.Koch Sporobolus elongatus R.Br. Lamiaceae Stachys thirkei K.Koch Poaceae See: Stachys olympica Poir. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 5

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 457 Stachys tuberifera Naudin Stanhopea embreei Dodson Stapelia longidens N.E.Br. Lamiaceae Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae = Stachys affinis Bunge Stanhopea grandiflora (Lodd.) Lindl. Stapelia macowanii R.Br. Stachytarpheta X adulterina Urb. Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae & E.Ekman Stanhopea graveolens Lindl. Stapelia namaquensis N.E.Br. Verbenaceae Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) See: Stanhopea lietzei (Regel) Schltr. Vahl X Stachytarpheta mutabilis Stapelia nobilis N.E.Br. (Jacq.) Vahl Stanhopea hernandezii (Kunth) Schltr. Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Orchidaceae = Stapelia gigantea N.E.Br. Stachytarpheta australis Mold. Stanhopea inodora Rchb. f. Stapelia nudiflora Pillans Verbenaceae Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae = Stachytarpheta cayennensis Stanhopea insignis Frost Stapelia peglerae N.E.Br. (Rich.) Vahl Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - 3A - 4A Stanhopea jenishiana Kramer ex Rchb. f. Stapelia pulvinata Masson Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae Verbenaceae See: Stachytarpheta australis Mold., Stanhopea lietzei (Regel) Schltr. Stapelia schinzii A.Berger & Schltr. Stachytarpheta dichotoma (Ruiz Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae Lopez & Pavón) Vahl = Stanhopea graveolens Lindl. = Gonostemon schinzii (Berger ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A & Schltr.) P.V.Heath Stanhopea nigroviolacea (C.Morren) Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Beer Stapelia variegata L. Vahl X Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae (L.) Vahl = Orbea variegata (L.) Haw. Stanhopea oculata (G.Lodd.) Lindl. Verbenaceae Stapelia verrucosa Mass. ◆ Orchidaceae Weed - N - 3A Asclepiadaceae Stanhopea peruviana Rolfe Stachytarpheta dichotoma (Ruiz Lopez Orchidaceae Stapelia vetula Masson & Pavón) Vahl Asclepiadaceae Verbenaceae Stanhopea randii Rolfe = Stachytarpheta cayennensis Orchidaceae Stapelianthus decaryi Choux (Rich.) Vahl Asclepiadaceae Stanhopea saccata Batem ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Orchidaceae Stapeliopsis neronis Pillans Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl Asclepiadaceae Stanhopea tigrina Bateman Verbenaceae Stapeliopsis pillansii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns ◆ Orchidaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Asclepiadaceae Stanhopea wardii Loddiges ex Lindl. Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Orchidaceae Stapeliopsis saxatilis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns Verbenaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Stapelia asterias Masson Asclepiadaceae Stapeliopsis urniflora Lavranos Stachytarpheta X trimenii Rech. Asclepiadaceae Verbenaceae Stapelia cedrimontana Frandsen = Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Asclepiadaceae Staphylea bumalda DC. Vahl. X Stachytarpheta urticifolia Staphyleaceae Stapelia flavopurpurea Marloth (Salisb.) Sims Staphylea colchica Steven ◆ Asclepiadaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A Staphyleaceae S Stachyurus chinensis Franch. Stapelia gettleffii R.Pott ◆ Weed Asclepiadaceae Stachyuraceae Staphylea coulombieri Ed.Andre Stachyurus himalaicus Hook. f. Stapelia gigantea N.E.Br. Staphyleaceae Asclepiadaceae & Thoms. ex Benth. Staphylea holocarpa Hemsl. See: Stapelia nobilis N.E.Br. Stachyuraceae Staphyleaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 Stachyurus praecox Sieb. & Zucc. Staphylea pinnata L. Stapelia glabricaulis N.E.Br. Stachyuraceae Staphyleaceae Asclepiadaceae ◆ Staehelina petiolata (L.) Hilliard Weed - 2 Stapelia grandiflora Masson & B.L.Burtt Staphylea trifolia L. Asclepiadaceae Asteraceae Staphyleaceae ◆ Stangeria eriopus (Kunze) Nash Stapelia hirsuta L. Weed - 2 Asclepiadaceae Statice latifolia Sm. Stanhopea anfracta Rolfe Stapelia kwebensis N.E.Br. Plumbaginaceae Asclepiadaceae Orchidaceae Statice perezii Stapf Stanhopea bucephalus Lindl. Stapelia leendertziae N.E.Br. Plumbaginaceae Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae = Limonium perezii (Stapf) F.T.Hubb.

458 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Statice sinuata L. Stenocactus dichroacanthus A.Berger Stenocereus eruca (Brandegee) Plumbaginaceae ex Backeb. & F.M.Knuth A.C.Gibson & K.E.Horak = Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. Cactaceae Cactaceae Statice suworowii Regel Stenocactus hastatus (Hopffer Stenocereus fimbriatus (Lam.) Lourteig Plumbaginaceae ex K.Schum.) A.Berger Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Ritterocereus hystrix (Haw.) Statice tatarica L. Backeb. Plumbaginaceae Stenocactus lamellosus A.Berger Cactaceae Stenocereus griseus (Haw.) Buxb. Stauntonia hexaphylla Decne. = Stenocactus crispatus (DC.) Berger Cactaceae Lardizabalaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Stenocactus multicostatus Berger Cactaceae Stenocereus gummosus (Brandegee) Staurochilus fasciatus (Rchb. f.) Ridl. A.C.Gibson & K.E.Horak Orchidaceae Stenocactus obvallatus A.Berger Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Machaerocereus gummosus Stauropsis undulatus Benth. ex Hook. f. See: Echinofossulocactus (Engelm.) Britton & Rose Orchidaceae caespitosus Backeb., Stenocactus Steirodiscus (L.) Schltr. pentacanthus (Lem.) A.Berger Stenocereus kerberi (K.Schum.) Asteraceae Stenocactus ochoterenanus Tiegel A.C.Gibson & K.E.Horak Cactaceae Steironema heterophyllum (Michx.) Cactaceae Baudo Stenocactus pentacanthus (Lem.) Stenocereus laevigatus (Salm-Dyck) Primulaceae A.Berger Buxb. = Lysimachia lanceolata Walt. Cactaceae Cactaceae Stelis argentata Lindl. = Stenocactus obvallatus A.Berger Stenocereus marginatus (DC.) Berger Orchidaceae Stenocactus phyllacanthus (A.Dietr. & Buxb. Cactaceae Stelis ophioglossoides Swartz & Otto) A.Berger = Pachycereus marginatus (DC.) Orchidaceae Cactaceae Britton & Rose Stelis porschiana Schltr. Stenocactus sulphureus (Dietrich) Bravo Stenocereus martinezii (J.G.Ortega) Orchidaceae Cactaceae Buxb. Stellaria graminea L. Stenocactus vaupelianus (Werderm.) Cactaceae Caryophyllaceae F.M.Knuth Stenocereus montanus (Britton ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Cactaceae & Rose) Buxbaum Stellaria holostea L. gracilis Brongn. & Griseb. Cactaceae Caryophyllaceae Proteaceae Stenocereus pruinosus (Otto) Buxb. ◆ Weed - 3 R.Br. Cactaceae Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Proteaceae ◆ Stenocereus queretaroensis Caryophyllaceae Weed - Nn (F.A.C.Weber) Buxb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Stenocarpus trinervis Guillaumin Cactaceae Stellaria pallida (Dum.) Pire Proteaceae Stenocereus quevedonis (J.G.Ortega) Caryophyllaceae Stenocarpus umbelliferus Druce Buxb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Proteaceae Cactaceae Stemmadenia litoralis (H.B.K.) L.Allorge Stenocereus alamosensis (J.M.Coult.) Stenocereus standleyi (J.G.Ortega) Apocynaceae A.C.Gibson & K.E.Horak Buxb. Cactaceae Stemmadenia sinaloana Woodson Cactaceae S See: Rathbunia alamosensis Apocynaceae (J.Coult.) Britton & Rose Stenocereus stellatus (Pfeiff.) Riccob. japonica Miq. Cactaceae Stenocereus aragonii (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb. Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxb. Stemona tuberosa Lour. Cactaceae Cactaceae Stemonaceae See: Lemaireocereus thurberi Stenocereus beneckei (Ehrenb.) (Engelm.) Britton & Rose Stenanthium occidentale A.Gray A.Berger & Buxb. Liliaceae Cactaceae Stenocereus treleasei (Britton & Rose) See: Hertrichocereus beneckei Backeb. Stenocactus coptonogonus A.Berger (Ehrenb.) Backeb. Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Echinofossulocactus Stenocereus dumortieri (Scheidw.) Buxb. Stenochlaena milnei Underwood coptonogonus Lawrence Cactaceae Blechnaceae See: Isolatocereus dumortieri Stenocactus crispatus (DC.) Berger Stenochlaena tenuifolia (Desv.) (Schiedw.) Backeb. Cactaceae T.Moore See: Stenocactus lamellosus A.Berger Stenocereus eichlamii (Britton & Rose) Blechnaceae Buxbaum ◆ Weed Cactaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 459 Stenocoryne racemosa (Hook.) Kraenzl. Stephanotis floribunda Brongn. Stewartia koreana Nakai ex Rehder Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae Theaceae See: Marsdenia floribunda Stenocoryne secunda (Vell.) Hoehne Stewartia malacodendron L. (Brongn.) Schltr. Orchidaceae Theaceae ◆ Weed Stenoglottis fimbriata Lindl. Stewartia monadelpha Sieb. & Zucc. Stephanotis thouarsii Brongn. Orchidaceae Theaceae Asclepiadaceae Stenoglottis longifolia Hook. f. Stewartia ovata (Cav.) Weath. Sterculia africana (Lour.) Fiori Orchidaceae Theaceae Sterculiaceae Stenoglottis woodii Schltr. ◆ Weed Stewartia pseudocamellia Maxim. Orchidaceae Theaceae Sterculia apetala (Jacq.) H.Karst. Stenolobium stans (L.) Seem. Sterculiaceae Stewartia pteropetiolata W.C.Cheng Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Theaceae Stenomesson aurantiacum (Kunth) Herb. Sterculia mexicana R.Br. Stewartia serrata Maxim. Amaryllidaceae Sterculiaceae Theaceae Stenomesson miniatum (Herb.) Ravenna Sterculia quinqueloba (Garck.) K.Schum. Stewartia sinensis Rehder & E.H.Wilson Amaryllidaceae Sterculiaceae Theaceae See: Urceolina peruviana (C.Presl) Sterculia rogersii N.E.Br. Stictocardia beraviensis (Vatke) Hallier f. J.F.Macbr. Sterculiaceae Convolvulaceae Stenomesson pearcei Baker Stereospermum hypostictum Miq. Stigmaphyllon bonariense (Hook. Amaryllidaceae Bignoniaceae & Arn.) C.E.Anderson Stenomesson variegatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Malpighiaceae Stereospermum kunthianum Cham. J.F.Macbr. Bignoniaceae Stigmaphyllon littorale A.Juss. Amaryllidaceae Malpighiaceae Stereospermum suaveolens DC. Stenorrhynchus speciosus (Jacq.) A.Rich. Bignoniaceae lyallii Armst. Orchidaceae Araliaceae Steriphoma paradoxum (Jacq.) Endl. Stenospermation multiovulatum Capparaceae Stipa bavioensis Speg. (Engl.) N.E.Br. Poaceae Araceae Sternbergia candida B.Mathew & T.Baytop Stipa brachychaeta Godr. Stenospermation popayanense Schott Amaryllidaceae Poaceae Araceae = Achnatherum brachychaetum Sternbergia clusiana (Ker Gawl.) Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) (Godr.) Barkworth Ker Gawl. ex Spreng. Kuntze ◆ Weed - 3 - 4A - 5 Amaryllidaceae Poaceae Stipa calamagrostis (L.) Wahlenb. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. Poaceae & Kit. Stephanandra chinensis Hance = Achnatherum calamagrostis (L.) Amaryllidaceae Rosaceae P.Beauv. Sternbergia lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. ◆ Weed Stephanandra incisa (Thunb.) Zabel ex Spreng. Rosaceae Stipa capillata L. Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 ◆ Weed Stephanandra tanakae Franch. & Sav. Sternbergia sicula Tineo ex Guss. S Rosaceae Stipa caudata Trin. Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed Poaceae Stetsonia coryne Britton & Rose = Achnatherum caudatum (Trin.) Stephania cyanantha Welw. ex Hiern Cactaceae Jacobs & Everett Menispermaceae ◆ Weed - 4A caracasana DC. Stephania discolor Sprengel Asteraceae Stipa cernua Stebbins & Á.Löve Menispermaceae Poaceae Stevia eupatoria (Spreng.) Willd. Stephanocereus leucostele (Guerke) = Nassella cernua (Stebbins Asteraceae A.Berger & A.Love) Barkworth ◆ Weed - N - 3A - 4A Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Stevia lucida Lag. Stephanocereus leutzelburgii (Vaupel) Stipa charruana Arechav. Asteraceae N.P.Taylor & Eggli Poaceae Cactaceae Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni ◆ Weed Asteraceae Stephanophysum longifolium Pohl Stipa coronata Thurb. ◆ Weed Acanthaceae Poaceae = Ruellia brevifolia (Pohl) C.Ezcurra Stewartia gemmata Chien & Cheng = Achnatherum coronatum (Thurb.) ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Theaceae Barkworth

460 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Stipa fontanesii Parl. Stipa tenacissima Loefl. ex L. Stranvaesia nussia (Buch.-Ham. Poaceae Poaceae ex D.Don) Decne. = Macrochloa tenacissima (Loefl. Rosaceae Stipa gigantea Link ex L.) Kunth Poaceae Strasburgeria robusta (Vieill. ex Panch. ◆ Weed = Celtica gigantea (Link) & Sebert) Guillaumin F.M.Vazquez & Barkworth Stipa tenuissima Trin. Ochnaceae ◆ Weed - 1A Poaceae smithii (Cheeseman) Corner = Nassella tenuissima (Trin.) Stipa holosericea Trin. & Rupr. Moraceae Barkworth Poaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 - 5 Strelitzia alba (L. f.) Skeels ◆ Weed Strelitziaceae Stipa viridula Trin. Stipa hyalina Nees ◆ Weed Poaceae Poaceae = Nassella viridula (Trin.) Barkworth Strelitzia caudata R.A.Dyer ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed Strelitziaceae Stipa ichu (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth Stipagrostis ciliata (Desf.) De Winter Strelitzia juncea Link Poaceae Poaceae Strelitziaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Strelitzia nicolai Regel & Korn. Stipa joannis Celak. Stipagrostis karelinii (Trin. & Rupr.) Strelitziaceae Poaceae Tzvelev Strelitzia parvifolia W.T.Aiton Stipa lagascae Roem. & Schult. Poaceae Strelitziaceae Poaceae Stipagrostis obtusa (Delile) Nees ◆ Weed Strelitzia reginae W.T.Aiton Poaceae Strelitziaceae Stipa lepida A.S.Hitchc. Stipagrostis pennata (Trin.) De Winter ◆ Weed Poaceae Poaceae = Nassella lepida (A.Hitchc.) Streptocalyx biflorus L.B.Sm. Barkworth Stipagrostis uniplumis (Licht. ex Roem. Bromeliaceae & Schult.) De Winter Stipa lettermanii Vasey Streptocalyx pallidus H.Luther Poaceae Poaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed = Achnatherum lettermanii (Vasey) Streptocarpus caulescens Vatke Barkworth Stoeberia carpii Friedrich Gesneriaceae Aizoaceae Stipa leucotricha Trin. & Rupr. Streptocarpus comptonii Mansf. Poaceae Stokesia cyanea L’Hérit. Oehlkers = (Trin. & Rupr.) Asteraceae Gesneriaceae R.W.Pohl = Stokesia laevis (Hill) Greene Streptocarpus cooperi C.B.Clarke Stipa lobata Swallen Stokesia laevis (Hill) Greene Gesneriaceae Poaceae Asteraceae = Achnatherum lobatum (Swallen) Streptocarpus dunnii Hook. f. Stomatium alboroseum L.Bolus Barkworth Gesneriaceae Aizoaceae Stipa megapotamica Spreng. ex Trin. Streptocarpus gardenii Hook. Stomatium bryantii L.Bolus Poaceae Gesneriaceae Aizoaceae Stipa neesiana Trin. & Rupr. Streptocarpus X hybridus Voss Stomatium duthieae L.Bolus Poaceae Gesneriaceae Aizoaceae = Nassella neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) Streptocarpus johannis L.L.Britten Barkworth Stomatium fulleri L.Bolus S Gesneriaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Aizoaceae Streptocarpus michelmorci B.L.Burtt Stipa pennata L. Stomatium meyeri L.Bolus. Gesneriaceae Poaceae Aizoaceae ◆ Weed Streptocarpus primulifolius Gand. Stomatium mustellinum Schwantes Gesneriaceae Stipa plumosa Trin. Aizoaceae Poaceae Streptocarpus rexii (Hook.) Lindl. Stomatium peersii L.Bolus Gesneriaceae Stipa pulchra Hitchc. Aizoaceae Poaceae Streptocarpus saxorum Engler Stomatostemma pendulina Venter = Nassella pulchra (Hitchc.) Gesneriaceae & D.V.Field Barkworth Asclepiadaceae Streptocarpus stomandra B.L.Burtt Stipa robusta (Vasey) Scribn. Gesneriaceae Stranvaesia davidiana Decne. Poaceae Rosaceae Streptocarpus wendlandii Spreng. = Achnatherum robustum (Vasey) = Photinia davidiana (Decne.) ex Dammann Barkworth Cardot Gesneriaceae Stipa rosengurttii Chase ◆ Weed Poaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 461 Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. Strongylodon macrobotrys A.Gray Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. Convallariaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 Strongylodon pseudolucidus Craib Streptopus lanceolatus (Ait.) Reveal Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub. Convallariaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Strophanthus courmontii Sacleux See: Streptopus roseus Michx. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A ex Franch. Streptopus roseus Michx. Apocynaceae Stylosanthes humilis Kunth Convallariaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Strophanthus divaricatus (Lour.) Hook. = Streptopus lanceolatus (Ait.) See: Stylosanthes mucronata Willd. & Arn. Reveal var. roseus (Michx.) Reveal nom. illeg. Apocynaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Strophanthus gratus (Wall. & Hook.) Streptopus streptopoides (Ledeb.) Stylosanthes mexicana Taub. Baill. A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Apocynaceae Convallariaceae Stylosanthes montevidensis Vogel Strophanthus nicholsonii Holmes Streptosolen jamesonii (Benth.) Miers Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Apocynaceae Solanaceae Stylosanthes mucronata Willd., ◆ Strophanthus preussii Engl. & Pax Weed - 1 - 2 nom. illeg. Apocynaceae Strobilanthes alatus Nees Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Acanthaceae Strophanthus speciosus (N.B.Ward = Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Alston See: Strobilanthes attenuatus Jacq. & Harv.) Reber ◆ Weed - 1A Apocynaceae ex Nees Stylosanthes scabra Vogel ◆ Weed Strobilanthes anisophylla (G.Lodd.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae T.Anderson Strumaria barbariae Oberm. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5A Liliaceae Acanthaceae Stylosanthes subsericea S.F.Blake ◆ Weed Strumaria rubella Jacq. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae Strobilanthes anisophyllus (Wall. Stylosanthes sympodialis Taub. ex Lodd.) T.Anderson Strumaria salteri W.F.Barker Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Acanthaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed Stylosanthes viscosa (L.) Sw. Strumaria truncata Jacq. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Strobilanthes attenuatus Jacq. ex Nees Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Acanthaceae = Strobilanthes alatus Nees Strumaria watermeyeri L.Bolus grandiflora Lindl. Liliaceae Liliaceae Strobilanthes dyerianus Sander. Acanthaceae Strychnos decussata (Pappe) Gilg Styphelia acerosa (Gaertn.) Laing Loganiaceae & E.W.Blackw. Strobilanthes glomerata (Nees) Epacridaceae T.Anderson Strychnos madagascariensis Poir. Acanthaceae Loganiaceae Styphelia tameiameiae (Cham.) ◆ Weed - 3 F.Müell. Strobilanthes gossypinus T.Anders. Epacridaceae Strychnos minor Dennst. Acanthaceae ◆ Weed Loganiaceae Strobilanthes isophyllus (Nees) Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott Strychnos spinosa Lam. T.Anderson Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Loganiaceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed S Strobilanthes rankanensis Hayata Styrax benzoin Dryand. Stylomecon heterophylla (Benth.) Acanthaceae Styracaceae G.Taylor ◆ Weed Stromanthe amabilis (Linden) E.Morr. Papaveraceae Marantaceae Styrax confusus Hemsl. Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. Styracaceae Stromanthe jacquinii (Roem. & Schult.) Papaveraceae H.Kenn. & Nicolson ◆ Weed Styrax dasyanthus Perkins Marantaceae Styracaceae Stylophorum lasiocarpum (Oliv.) Fedde Stromanthe porteana Griseb. Papaveraceae Styrax hemsleyanus Diels Marantaceae Styracaceae Stylosanthes capitata Vogel Stromanthe sanguinea (Hook.) Sond. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Styrax japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. Marantaceae Styracaceae Stylosanthes erecta P.Beauv. ◆ Weed Stromanthe tonckat (Aubl.) Eichler Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Marantaceae ◆ Weed Styrax obassia Sieb. & Zucc. Styracaceae Strombocactus disciformis (DC.) Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Alston Britton & Rose Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Styrax odoratissimum Champ. ex Benth. Cactaceae ◆ Weed Styracaceae

462 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Styrax officinalis L. Sulcorebutia pampagrandensis Rausch Swida controversa (Hemsl.) Soják Styracaceae Cactaceae Cornaceae = Rebutia steinbachii Werderm. = Cornus controversa Hemsl. Styrax shiraianus Makino ex Prain Styracaceae Sulcorebutia rauschii G.Frank Cactaceae Swietenia humilis Zucc. Styrax wilsonii Rehder = Rebutia canigueralii Cárdenas Meliaceae Styracaceae Sulcorebutia taratensis (Cárdenas) Swietenia macrophylla King (Hasselq.) Zoh. Buining & Donald Meliaceae Chenopodiaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - N = Rebutia steinbachii Werderm. Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. Suaeda baccifera Pall. Sulcorebutia tiraquensis (Cárdenas) Meliaceae Chenopodiaceae F.Ritter ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - N - 1A Cactaceae Swintonia schwenkii (T. & B.) T. & B. Suaeda linifolia Pall. = Rebutia steinbachii Werderm. Anacardiaceae Chenopodiaceae Sunipia andersonii (King & Pantl.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A Syagrus botryophora (Mart.) Mart. P.F.Hunt Arecaceae Submatucana madisoniorum Orchidaceae (Hutchison) Backeb. Syagrus comosa (Mart.) Mart. Sunipia bicolor Lindl. Cactaceae Arecaceae = Matucana madisoniorum Orchidaceae Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc. (Hutchison) G.D.Rowley Sutera carvalhoi Skan Arecaceae Submatucana paucicostata (F.Ritter) Scrophulariaceae Syagrus X costae Glassman Backeb. Sutera cordata Kuntze Arecaceae Cactaceae Scrophulariaceae = Matucana paucicostata F.Ritter Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Becc. Sutera grandiflora (Galpin) Hiern Arecaceae Succisa pratensis Moench Scrophulariaceae Dipsacaceae Syagrus oleracea (Mart.) Becc. Sutera hispida Druce ◆ Weed Arecaceae Scrophulariaceae Succowia balearica (L.) Medik. Syagrus pseudococos (Raddi) Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R.Br. Brassicaceae Glassman ◆ Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Weed - N - 1A Arecaceae = Lessertia frutescens (L.) Goldblatt Sulcolluma shadhbana (Lavranos) & J.C.Manning Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) D.C.H.Plowes ◆ Weed - 5 Glassman Asclepiadaceae Arecaceae Sutherlandia montana E.Phillips See: Arecastrum romanzoffianum Sulcorebutia breviflora Backeb. & R.A.Dyer (Cham.) Becc., Cocos plumosa Cactaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Rebutia caineana Cárdenas Lodd. ex Hook. Sventenia bupleuroides Font Quer ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5A Sulcorebutia canigueralii (Cárdenas) Asteraceae Buining & Donald Syagrus sancona H.Karst. Cactaceae Swainsona luteola F.Müell. Arecaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Rebutia canigueralii Cárdenas Syagrus schizophylla (Mart.) Glassman ◆ Weed - Nn Sulcorebutia cardenasiana R.Vásquez Arecaceae Cactaceae Swartsia nitida (Zucc.) Standl. Syagrus vagans (Bondar) A.D.Hawkes Solanaceae S Arecaceae Sulcorebutia crispata Rausch See: Solandra nitida Zucc. Cactaceae Syagrus weddelliana (H.Wendl.) Becc. = Rebutia canigueralii Cárdenas Swertia bimaculata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Arecaceae C.B.Clarke Sulcorebutia glomerispina (Cárdenas) Gentianaceae Sycopsis sinensis Oliv. Buining & Donald Hamamelidaceae Cactaceae Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Fleming) = Rebutia steinbachii Werderm. H.Karst. Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F.Blake Gentianaceae Caprifoliaceae Sulcorebutia krugerae (Cárdenas) See: Symphoricarpos rivularis Suksd. F.Ritter Swertia crassiuscula Gilg ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Cactaceae Gentianaceae Symphoricarpos chenaultii Rehder Sulcorebutia langeri K.Augustin Swertia dilatata C.B.Clarke Caprifoliaceae & G.Hentzschel Gentianaceae Cactaceae Symphoricarpos doorenbosii Kruessm. Swertia perennis L. Caprifoliaceae Sulcorebutia menesesii (Cárdenas) Gentianaceae Buining & Donald Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt. Swertia volkensii Gilg. Cactaceae Caprifoliaceae Gentianaceae = Rebutia arenacea Cárdenas

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 463 Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench Symphyotrichum oolentangiense Symphytum X uplandicum Nyman Caprifoliaceae (Riddell) G.L.Nesom Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 Asteraceae = Symphytum asperum Lepechin See: Aster azureus Lindl., X Symphytum officinale L. Symphoricarpos rivularis Suksd. Aster oolentangiensis Riddell ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3 - 5 Caprifoliaceae = Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.) Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. S.F.Blake var. laevigatus (Fern.) G.L.Nesom ex W.P.C.Barton S.F.Blake Asteraceae Araceae See: Aster praealtus Poiret ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Symphyandra armena (Stev.) DC. Campanulaceae Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) Symplocos chinensis (Lour.) Druce Á. & D.Löve Symplocaceae Symphyandra hofmannii Pant. Asteraceae Campanulaceae Symplocos prunifolia Sieb. & Zucc. See: Aster puniceus L. ◆ Weed - 2 Symplocaceae Symphyotrichum X salignum (Willd.) Symphyandra pendula (M.B.) A.DC. Synadenium arborescens Boiss. G.L.Nesom Campanulaceae Euphorbiaceae Asteraceae Symphyandra wanneri Heuff. Synadenium cupulare (Boiss.) Symphyotrichum spathulatum (Lindl.) Campanulaceae L.C.Wheeler G.L.Nesom Euphorbiaceae Symphyandra zangezur Lipsky Asteraceae Campanulaceae See: Aster fremontii (Torr. & Gray) Synadenium grantii Hook. f. Gray, Aster occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. Euphorbiaceae Symphyglossum sanguineum & A.Gray ◆ Weed - N - 1A (Reichb. f.) Schltr. Orchidaceae Symphyotrichum squamatum Syncarpha argyropsis (DC.) B.Nord (Spreng.) G.L.Nesom Asteraceae Symphyotrichum chilense (Nees) Asteraceae Nesom Syncarpha eximia (L.) B.Nord. See: Aster squamatus (Spreng.) Asteraceae Asteraceae Hieron. See: Aster chilensis Nees ◆ Weed Syncarpha milleflora (L. f.) B.Nord. Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Asteraceae Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) G.L.Nesom G.L.Nesom Syncarpha speciosissima (L.) B.Nord. Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae See: Aster cordifolius L. See: Aster subulatus Michx. Syncarpha variegata (Berg.) B.Nord. Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A Asteraceae G.L.Nesom Symphyotrichum vahlii (Gaudich.) Asteraceae (Sm.) Nied. G.L.Nesom See: Aster dumosus L. Myrtaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Symphytum asperum Lepech. G.L.Nesom Syncarpia laurifolia Ten. Boraginaceae Asteraceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 See: Aster ericoides L. Syncarpia procera (Salisb.) Domin Symphytum caucasicum M.Bieb. Symphyotrichum lanceolatum Myrtaceae Boraginaceae (Willd.) G.L.Nesom ◆ Weed - 2 Synechanthus fibrosus (H.Wendl.) Asteraceae H.Wendl. See: Aster lanceolatus Willd. Symphytum grandiflorum A.DC. Arecaceae S ◆ Weed - 3 Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Synechanthus warscewiczianus Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) H.Wendl. Á.Löve & D.Löve Symphytum hofmannii Pant. Arecaceae Asteraceae Boraginaceae See: Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britton, ◆ Weed - 2 nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. Aster vimineus Lam. Asteraceae Symphytum ibericum Steven ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Boraginaceae Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Synedrellopsis grisebachii Hieron. Symphytum officinale L. G.L.Nesom & Kuntze Boraginaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 See: Aster novae-angliae L. ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed Symphytum orientale L. Syngonium angustatum Schott Boraginaceae Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) Araceae ◆ Weed - 2 G.L.Nesom ◆ Weed - 1 Asteraceae Symphytum tuberosum L. Syngonium auritum (L.) Schott = Aster novi-belgii L. Boraginaceae Araceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3

464 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Syngonium erythrophyllum Birdsey emodi Wall. ex G.Don Syringa reflexa C.K.Schneid. ex G.S.Bunting Oleaceae Oleaceae Araceae Syringa X henryi C.K.Schneid. (Blume) H.Hara Syngonium hastiferum (Standl. Oleaceae Oleaceae & L.O.Williams) Croat See: Syringa amurensis Rupr., Syringa X hyacinthiflora Rehder Araceae Syringa pekinensis Rupr. Oleaceae ◆ Weed Syngonium hoffmannii Schott = Lindl. X Syringa Araceae vulgaris L. Syringa X swegiflexa Hesse ex J.S.Pringle Syngonium macrophyllum Engl. Syringa X josiflexa I.Preston ex Oleaceae Araceae J.S.Pringle = Syringa reflexa C.K.Schneid. Oleaceae Syngonium podophyllum Schott X Syringa sweginzowii Koehne Araceae J.Jacq. ex Rchb. & Lingelsh. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Oleaceae Syringa sweginzowii Koehne & Lingelsh. ◆ Weed - 2 Syngonium steyermarkii Croat Oleaceae Araceae Syringa julianae C.K.Schneid. Syringa tigerstedtii Harry Sm. Oleaceae Syngonium wendlandii Schott Oleaceae Araceae C.K.Schneid. Bureau & Franch. Oleaceae Synnotia bicolor (Thunb.) Sweet Oleaceae Iridaceae Syringa X laciniata Mill. Syringa velutina Kom. = Sparaxis villosa (Burm. f.) Goldblatt Oleaceae Oleaceae = Syringa protolaciniata P.S.Green Synnotia metelerkampiae L.Bolus & M.C.Chang X L. Vahl Iridaceae Oleaceae = Sparaxis metelerkampiae (L.Bolus) Syringa meyeri C.K.Schneid. ◆ Weed - 1 Goldblatt & J.C.Manning Oleaceae Syringa vulgaris L. Synnotia parviflora G.J.Lewis Syringa microphylla Diels Oleaceae Iridaceae Oleaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2A - 5 = Sparaxis parviflora (G.J.Lewis) Syringa oblata Lindl. Goldblatt Syringa wolfii C.K.Schneid. Oleaceae Oleaceae Synnotia variegata Sweet Syringa patula (Palib.) Nakai Iridaceae Syringa yunnanensis Franch. Oleaceae = Sparaxis variegata (Sweet) Goldblatt Oleaceae = Turcz. ssp. Synnotia villosa (Burm. f.) N.E.Br. patula (Palib.) M.C.Chang & X.L.Chen Syrmatium glabrum Vogel Iridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Syringa pekinensis Rupr. = Sparaxis villosa (Burm. f.) Goldblatt Oleaceae Syrmatium tomentosum Vogel ◆ Weed - N - 3 = Syringa reticulata (Blume) H.Hara Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach. ssp. pekinensis (Rupr.) P.S.Green Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Thonn.) Daniell & M.C.Chang & L.M.Perry Sapotaceae ◆ Weed Myrtaceae Synthyris missurica (Raf.) Pennell Syringa X persica L. See: Eugenia aromatica (L.) Baill. Scrophulariaceae Oleaceae nom. illeg. = Syringa afghanica C.Schneider ◆ Weed Synurus excelsus (Makino) Kitam. X Syringa laciniata Mill. Asteraceae Syzygium australe (J.C.Wendl. ex Link) S [possible parents] B.Hyland Syringa afghanica C.K.Schneid. ◆ Weed - 2 Myrtaceae Oleaceae Syringa pinetorum W.W.Sm. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 Syringa amurensis Rupr. Oleaceae Syzygium boonjee B.Hyland Oleaceae Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. Myrtaceae = Syringa reticulata (Blume) H.Hara Oleaceae ssp. amurensis (Rupr.) P.S.Green Syzygium buxifolium Hook. & Arn. & M.C.Chang Syringa X prestoniae McKelvey Myrtaceae Oleaceae Syringa X chinensis Willd. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels = Syringa komarowii C.K.Schneid. Oleaceae Myrtaceae X Syringa villosa Vahl = Syringa X persica L. X Syringa ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 vulgaris L. Syringa protolaciniata P.S.Green Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston ◆ Weed & M.C.Chang Myrtaceae Oleaceae Syringa X diversifolia Rehder See: Eugenia jambos L. Oleaceae Syringa pubescens Turcz. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Oleaceae See: Syringa patula (Palib.) Nakai

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 465 Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. Myrtaceae See: Eugenia polyantha Wight Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry Myrtaceae Syzygium smithii (Poir.) Nied. Myrtaceae

S

466 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Telosma cordata T Credit: Forest and Kim Starr Tabebuia alba (Cham.) Sandwith Tabebuia lepidophylla A.Rich. Tabernaemontana laurifolia L. Bignoniaceae Bignoniaceae Apocynaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Tabebuia angustata Britton Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf Bignoniaceae Tabebuia lepidota (Kunth) Britton Apocynaceae Bignoniaceae Tabebuia argentea (Bureau Tabernaemontana ventricosa Hochst. ◆ Weed - 3 & K.Schum.) Britton Apocynaceae Bignoniaceae Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) Standl. Tabernanthe iboga Baill. = Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Bignoniaceae Apocynaceae Benth. & Hook. f. ex S.Moore Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers chantrieri André Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. Bignoniaceae Taccaceae & Hook. f. ex S.Moore = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Bignoniaceae ◆ Weed - 1 See: Tabebuia argentea (Bureau Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl. Tabebuia palmeri Rose & K.Schum.) Britton, Tabebuia Taccaceae Bignoniaceae caraiba (Mart.) Bureau (L.) Kuntze ◆ Weed Tabebuia pentaphylla Hemsl. Taccaceae Bignoniaceae Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb. ◆ Weed - Nn = Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton Bignoniaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Tacca palmata Blume Tabebuia caraiba (Mart.) Bureau Taccaceae Tabebuia pulcherrima Sandwith Bignoniaceae Bignoniaceae Tacca plantaginea (Hance) Drenth = Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Taccaceae Benth. & Hook. f. ex S.Moore Tabebuia riparia (Raf.) Sandwith Bignoniaceae Taccarum weddellianum Brongn. Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) G.Nicholson ex Schott Bignoniaceae Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. Araceae ◆ Weed Bignoniaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Tacinga funalis Britton & Rose Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart. ex DC.) Cactaceae Standl. Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sandwith Bignoniaceae Bignoniaceae Tacitus bellus Moran & J.Meyran Crassulaceae Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) G.Nicholson Bignoniaceae Bignoniaceae caput-medusae (L.) Nevski ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Tabebuia dubia (C.Wright ex Sauvalle) Tabebuia spectabilis (Planch. & Linden) Britton ex Seibert G.Nicholson Taeniophyllum fasciola (G.Forst.) Seem. Bignoniaceae Bignoniaceae Orchidaceae Tabebuia guayacan (Seem.) Hemsl. Tabernaemontana australis Müll.Arg. L. Bignoniaceae Apocynaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Tabebuia haemantha (Bertol. Tabernaemontana coronaria ex Spreng.) DC. (Jacq.) Willd. Tagetes filifolia Lag. Bignoniaceae Apocynaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed = Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) ◆ Weed R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. T Tabebuia heptaphylla (Vell.) Toledo Tagetes lemmonii A.Gray Bignoniaceae Tabernaemontana corymbosa Roxb. Asteraceae ex Wall. Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton Tagetes lucida Cav. Apocynaceae Bignoniaceae Asteraceae See: Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers, Tabernaemontana dichotoma Roxb. ◆ Weed Tabebuia pentaphylla Hemsl. Apocynaceae Tagetes minima L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Br. Asteraceae Tabebuia hypoleuca Urb. ex Roem. & Schult. ◆ Weed Bignoniaceae Apocynaceae L. See: Ervatamia coronaria (Jacq.) Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Asteraceae Stapf, Ervatamia divaricata (L.) Standl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Burkill, Tabernaemontana coronaria Bignoniaceae (Jacq.) Willd. Tagetes patula L. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2A - 5

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 467 Tagetes tenuifolia Cav. africana Poir. Tanacetum canum D.C.Eat. Asteraceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 = Sphaeromeria cana (D.C.Eaton) A.A.Heller Tainia hookeriana King & Pantling (L.) H.Karst. Orchidaceae Tamaricaceae Tanacetum capitatum (Nutt.) Torr. See: Tamarix articulata Vahl, & Gray Tainia wrayana (Hook. f.) J.J.Sm. nom. illeg. Asteraceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A = Sphaeromeria capitata Nutt. Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata Tamarix articulata Vahl nom. illeg. Tanacetum cilicicum (Boiss.) Grierson Taxodiaceae Tamaricaceae Asteraceae Taiwania flousiana Gaussen = Tamarix aphylla (L.) H. Karst. Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Taxodiaceae Tamarix chinensis Lour. Sch.Bip. Talauma mexicana (DC.) G.Don Tamaricaceae Asteraceae Magnoliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 See: Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Vis. Talauma oreadum Diels. Tamarix gallica L. ◆ Weed Magnoliaceae Tamaricaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Tanacetum coccineum (Willd.) Grierson Talauma ovata A.St.-Hil. Asteraceae Magnoliaceae Tamarix hispida Willd. See: Chrysanthemum coccineum Tamaricaceae Talbotia elegans Balf. Willd. ◆ Weed Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Tamarix indica Willd. Talinum caffrum (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. Tanacetum corymbosum (L.) Sch.Bip. Tamaricaceae Portulacaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N See: Chrysanthemum corymbosum L. Talinum calycinum Engelm. Tamarix juniperina Bunge ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Portulacaceae Tamaricaceae Tanacetum densum (Labill.) Sch.Bip. Talinum cuneifolium Willd. ◆ Weed Asteraceae Portulacaceae Tamarix parviflora DC. Tanacetum ferulaceum (Webb & Berth.) Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss. Tamaricaceae Sch.Bip. Portulacaceae See: Tamarix tetrandra Pall. Asteraceae See: Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. ex M.Bieb. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Tanacetum haradjanii (Rech.) Grierson Asteraceae Talinum guadalupense Dudley Tamarix pentandra Pall. ◆ Weed Portulacaceae Tamaricaceae = Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. Tanacetum macrophyllum (Waldst. Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. ◆ Weed - 1A & Kit.) Sch.Bip. Portulacaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. ◆ Weed - 2 Tamaricaceae Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. See: Tamarix pentandra Pall. Tanacetum niveum (Lag.) Sch.Bip. Portulacaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Asteraceae = Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss. ◆ Weed - 3 Tamarix tetrandra Pall. ex M.Bieb. Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip. Tamaricaceae Asteraceae Talipariti glabrum (Matsum. ex Nakai) = Tamarix parviflora DC. See: Chrysanthemum parthenium Fryxell ◆ Weed (L.) Bernh. Malvaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Tambourissa peltata Baker Talipariti hamabo (Sieb. & Zucc.) Fryxell Monimiaceae Tanacetum ptarmiciflorum (Webb T Malvaceae & Berthel.) Sch.Bip. Tambourissa sieberi A.DC. Talipariti macrophyllum (Roxb. Asteraceae Monimiaceae ex Hornem.) Fryxell Tanacetum roseum Sch.Bip. Malvaceae Tamus communis L. Asteraceae ◆ Weed Dioscoreaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Tanacetum vulgare L. Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell Asteraceae Malvaceae Tanacetum balsamita L. See: Tanacetum boreale Fisch. ex DC. Asteraceae Talisia oliviformis (Kunth) Radlk. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 See: Balsamita major Desf., Sapindaceae Chrysanthemum balsamita L. Tanquana archeri (L.Bolus.) Tamarindus indica L. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 H.E.K.Hartmann Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Aizoaceae Tanacetum boreale Fisch. ex DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Asteraceae Tanquana prismatica (Schwantes) = Tanacetum vulgare L. H.Hartmann & Liede ◆ Weed Aizoaceae

468 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Tapeinia magellanica J.F.Gmel. Taxus baccata L. Tecomanthe dendrophila (Blume) Iridaceae Taxaceae K.Schum. See: Taxus stricta Gord. Bignoniaceae recurvatus K.Schum. ◆ Weed - 3 See: Tecomanthe venusta S.Moore Costaceae Taxus brevifolia Nutt. Tecomanthe speciosa W.R.B.Oliv. Tapeinochilos spectabilis K.Schum. Taxaceae Bignoniaceae Costaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Tecomanthe venusta S.Moore Tapiscia sinensis Oliv. Taxus canadensis Marshall Bignoniaceae Staphyleaceae Taxaceae = Tecomanthe dendrophila (Blume) Tapiscia yunnanensis W.C.Cheng ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 K.Schum. & C.D.Chu Taxus celebica (Warb.) H.L.Li Tecomanthe volubilis Gibbs Staphyleaceae Taxaceae Bignoniaceae Taraxacum bracteatum Dahlst. Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehder Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Spach Asteraceae Bignoniaceae ◆ Taxaceae Weed - N = Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl. Taxus cuspidata Sieb. & Zucc. Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz. ◆ Weed - 1A ex Besser Taxaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. Asteraceae Bignoniaceae = Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC. Taxus X media Rehder ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Taxaceae = Taxus baccata L. X Taxus Tecophilaea cyanocrocus Leyb. Taraxacum kok-saghyz L.E.Rodin Liliaceae Asteraceae cuspidata Sieb. & Zucc. ◆ Weed Taxus stricta Gord. Tectaria cicutaria (L.) Copel. Dryopteridaceae Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC. Taxaceae Asteraceae = Taxus baccata L. Tectaria decurrens (C.Presl) Copel. Dryopteridaceae See: Taraxacum erythrospermum Tecoma alata DC. Andrz. ex Besser Bignoniaceae Tectaria fimbriata (Willd.) Proctor ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 = Tecoma guarume A.DC. & Lourteig ◆ Taraxacum mongolicum Hand-Mazz. Weed Dryopteridaceae See: Tectaria lobata (K.Presl) Morton Asteraceae Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl. ◆ Weed - 3 Bignoniaceae Tectaria gemmifera (Fee) Alston Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex See: Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Dryopteridaceae Spach F.H.Wigg. Tectaria heracleifolia (Willd.) Underw. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5A Asteraceae Dryopteridaceae See: Leontodon taraxacum L. Tecoma castanifolia (D.Don) Melch. ◆ Tectaria incisa Cav. Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Bignoniaceae Dryopteridaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Taraxacum pseudocalocephalum ◆ Weed - 1 (Willd.) DC. Tecoma filicifolia Nichols Tectaria lobata (K.Presl) Morton Asteraceae Bignoniaceae ◆ Weed - N Dryopteridaceae Tecoma fulva (Cav.) G.Don = Tectaria fimbriata (Willd.) Proctor Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. Bignoniaceae & Lourteig Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 - 5 Tecoma garrocha Hieron. Tectaria macrodonta (Fée) C.Chr. Bignoniaceae Dryopteridaceae Tarenna zimbabwensis D.M.Bridson Rubiaceae Tecoma guarume DC. Tectaria nicotianifolia (Baker) C.Chr. Bignoniaceae Dryopteridaceae aromatica R.Br. ex DC. T See: Tecoma alata DC. Winteraceae Tectaria subtriphylla (Hook. & Arn.) ◆ Weed - N Copel. Tavaresia barklyi (Dyer) N.E.Br. Tecoma rosea Bertol. Dryopteridaceae Asclepiadaceae Bignoniaceae Tectaridium primitivum Cop. Tavaresia grandiflora (K.Schum.) Tecoma X smithii W.Watson Aspleniaceae A.Berger Bignoniaceae Tectona grandis L. f. Asclepiadaceae = Tecoma arequipensis (Sprague) Lamiaceae Taxodium ascendens Brongn. Sandwith X Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth ◆ Weed - 2 Taxodiaceae Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth Teesdalia nudicaulis (L.) R.Br. Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. Bignoniaceae Brassicaceae Taxodiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 ◆ Weed Tecoma velutina Lindl. Telanthophora grandifolia (Less.) Taxodium mucronatum Ten. Bignoniaceae H.Rob. & Brettell Taxodiaceae Asteraceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 469 Telekia speciosa (Schreber) Baumg. Tephrosia inandensis F.M.Forbes Terminalia muelleri Benth. Asteraceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Combretaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - Nn - 5 Telesonix jamesii (Torr.) Rafin. Tephrosia leptostachya DC. Terminalia myriocarpa Van Heurck Saxifragaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae & Müll.Arg. See: Boykinia jamesii (Torr.) Engler Combretaceae Tephrosia montana Brummitt ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Teline canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Terminalia phanerophlebia Engl. & Diels Tephrosia nana Kotsch. = Genista canariensis L. Combretaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Teline gomerae (Gibbs & Dingwall) ◆ Weed - N - 3A Terminalia richii A.Gray Kunkel Combretaceae Tephrosia noctiflora Bojer ex Baker Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. Teline maderensis Webb & Berthel. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Combretaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Teline osyroides (Svent.) Gibbs & Dingw. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Terminallia muelleri Benth. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 Combretaceae Tellima grandiflora (Pursh) Dougl. Tephrosia tinctoria Pers. Ternstroemia (Wight ex Lindl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae & Arn.) Sprague Saxifragaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Theaceae ◆ ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f. Weed - 5 Telosma cordata (Burm. f.) Merr. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ternstroemia japonica Thunb. Asclepiadaceae ◆ Weed - N Theaceae Tephrocactus articulatus (Pfeiff.) Backeb. Tepualia stipularis (Hook. & Arn.) Griseb. Ternstroemia kwangtungensis Merr. Cactaceae Myrtaceae Theaceae See: Opuntia articulata Pfeiff. ex Otto Teramnus axilliflorus E.G.Baker Ternstroemia longipes Klotzsch Tephrocactus atroglobosus Backeb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Theaceae Cactaceae Teramnus labialis (L. f.) Spreng. Testudinaria sylvatica Berol. ex Kunth Tephrocactus papyracantha K.Schum Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dioscoreaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Tetracentron sinense Oliv. Tephrocactus russellii (Britton & Rose) Teramnus repens (Taub.) Baker f. Tetracentraceae Backeb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Tetracera akara Merr. Cactaceae Teramnus uncinatus (L.) Sw. Dilleniaceae = Opuntia ovata Pfeiff. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Tetracera loureiri (Finet & Gagnep.) Tephrocactus strobiliformis (A.Berger) Teramnus volubilis Sw. Pierre ex Craib Backeb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Dilleniaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Mast. Tephrosia candida DC. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Cupressaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Wight & Arn. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Combretaceae Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd ◆ Lamiaceae Tephrosia capensis (Jacq.) Pers. Weed ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Tetradium daniellii (Benn.) T.G.Hartley Tephrosia elegans Schumach. Combretaceae ◆ Rutaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Weed ◆ Weed T = Tephrosia hispidula (Michx.) Pers. Terminalia bentzoe (L.) Pers. ◆ Weed - 1A Combretaceae decumbens Mill. Aizoaceae Tephrosia glomeruliflora Meisn. Terminalia brassii Exell ◆ Weed - N - 1A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Combretaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Tetragonia fruticosa L. L. Aizoaceae Tephrosia grandiflora (L’Hérit. Combretaceae ex Aiton) Pers. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 5 Tetragonia nigrescens Eckl. & Zeyher Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aizoaceae Terminalia chebula Retz. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - N Combretaceae Tephrosia hispidula (Michx.) Pers. ◆ Weed (Pall.) Kuntze Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Aizoaceae Terminalia januarensis DC. See: Tephrosia elegans Schumach. ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 - 5 Combretaceae Tephrosia hookeriana Wight & Arn. Terminalia kaernbachii Warb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Combretaceae

470 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Tetragonolobus maritimus (L.) Roth Teucrium hircanicum L. Thalictrum delavayi Franch. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Lamiaceae Ranunculaceae = Lotus maritimus L. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 3 Teucrium integrifolium Benth. Thalictrum dipterocarpum Franch. Tetragonolobus purpureus Moench Lamiaceae Ranunculaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A Thalictrum fendleri Engelm. ex A.Gray = Lotus tetragonolobus L. Teucrium X lucidrys Boom Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Lamiaceae Thalictrum filamentosum Maxim. Tetranema mexicanum Benth. ex Lindl. Teucrium lucidum L. Ranunculaceae Scrophulariaceae Lamiaceae Thalictrum finetii Boivin Tetranema roseum (M.Martens Teucrium majoricum Rouy Ranunculaceae & Galeotti) Standl. & Steyerm. Lamiaceae Scrophulariaceae Thalictrum flavum L. = Teucrium polium L. Ranunculaceae Tetraneuris grandiflora (Torr. & Gray Teucrium marum L. ◆ Weed ex Gray) Parker Lamiaceae Asteraceae Thalictrum foetidum L. ◆ Weed See: Hymenoxys grandiflora Ranunculaceae (Torr. & Gray ex Gray) Parker Teucrium massiliense L. ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Tetrapanax papyrifer (Hook.) K.Koch Thalictrum foliolosum DC. Araliaceae Teucrium montanum L. Ranunculaceae See: Aralia papyrifera Hook. Lamiaceae Thalictrum isopyroides C.A.Meyer ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A Teucrium polium L. Ranunculaceae hawaiensis Gray Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Araliaceae See: Teucrium majoricum Rouy Thalictrum javanicum Blume ◆ Weed Tetrastigma voinierianum (Baltet) Ranunculaceae Pierre ex Gagnep. Teucrium rouyanum Coste & Soulié Thalictrum kiusianum Nakai Vitaceae Lamiaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Teucrium scorodonia L. Thalictrum lucidum L. Tetrastigma yunnanense Gagnep. Lamiaceae Ranunculaceae Vitaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - 2 Tetrathyrium subcordatum Benth. Teucrium spinosum L. Thalictrum macrocarpum Grenier Hamamelidaceae Lamiaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed Tetrazygia coriacea Urb. Thalictrum minus L. Melastomataceae Teucrium subspinosum Pourr. ex Willd. Ranunculaceae Lamiaceae Teucridium parvifolium Hook. f. ◆ Weed - 2 Lamiaceae Thalia dealbata Fraser ex Roscoe Thalictrum petaloideum L. Marantaceae Teucrium arduini L. Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Thalia geniculata L. Teucrium aroanium Orph. ex Boiss. Thalictrum polygamum Muhl. Marantaceae Lamiaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4 = Thalictrum pubescens Pursh Teucrium asiaticum L. Thalictrum adiantifolium Besser Lamiaceae Thalictrum pubescens Pursh ex Eichw. Ranunculaceae Teucrium betonicum L’Hérit. Ranunculaceae See: Thalictrum polygamum Muhl. Lamiaceae T Thalictrum alpinum L. ◆ Weed - 2 Teucrium chamaedrys L. Ranunculaceae Thalictrum ramosum Boivin Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Thalictrum aquilegiifolium L. Thalictrum rhynchocarpum Quart.-Dill. Teucrium creticum L. Ranunculaceae & A.Rich. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Ranunculaceae Teucrium divaricatum Seib ex Boiss. Thalictrum baicalense Turcz. Thalictrum rochebrunianum Franch. Lamiaceae Ranunculaceae & Sav. Teucrium flavum L. Thalictrum calabricum Sprengel Ranunculaceae Lamiaceae Ranunculaceae Thalictrum simplex L. ◆ Weed Thalictrum dasycarpum Fischer Ranunculaceae Teucrium fruticans L. & Avé-Lall. ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 471 Thalictrum speciosissimum L. Thelocactus conothelos (Regel & Klein) Thelocactus setispinus (Engelm.) Ranunculaceae F.M.Knuth E.F.Anderson ◆ Weed Cactaceae Cactaceae See: Ferocactus setispinus (Engelm.) Thalictrum squarrosum Stephan Thelocactus flavidispinus (Backeb.) L.D.Benson ex Willd. Backeb. Ranunculaceae Cactaceae Thelocactus tulensis (Poselg.) Britton ◆ Weed & Rose Thelocactus hastifer (Werderm. & Boed.) Cactaceae Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames F.M.Knuth See: Thelocactus krainzianus Oehme, & Boivin Cactaceae Thelocactus matudae H.Sanchez- Ranunculaceae Thelocactus heterochromus Mejorada & A.B.Lau ◆ Weed - 2 (F.A.C.Weber) Oosten Thelocephala glabrescens (F.Ritter) Thalictrum tuberosum L. Cactaceae F.Ritter Ranunculaceae Thelocactus hexaedrophorus (Lem.) Cactaceae Thalictrum uchiyamae Nakai Britton & Rose Thelocephala krausii (F.Ritter) F.Ritter Ranunculaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Thamnocalamus falconeri Hook. f. Thelocactus krainzianus Oehme Thelypteris dentata (Forssk.) E.St.John ex Munro Cactaceae Thelypteridaceae Poaceae = Thelocactus tulensis (Poselg.) See: Cyclosorus dentatus (Forssk.) Britton & Rose Thamnocalamus nitidus (Mitford Ching, Dryopteris dentata (Forssk.) ex Stapf) Demoly Thelocactus leucacanthus (Zucc. C.Christens. Poaceae ex Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Cactaceae Thamnocalamus spathaceus (Franch.) Thelypteris glandulosa (Desv.) Proctor Söderstr. Thelocactus lophothele (Salm-Dick) Thelypteridaceae Poaceae Britton & Rose Thelypteris grandis A.R.Sm. Cactaceae Thamnochortus acuminatus Pillans Thelypteridaceae = Thelocactus rinconensis (Poselg.) Restionaceae Britton & Rose Thelypteris interrupta (Willd.) Iwatsuki Thapsia garganica L. Thelypteridaceae Thelocactus macdowellii (Rebut Apiaceae See: Cyclosorus gongylodes ex Quehl) W.T.Marsh. ◆ Weed - 3 (Schkuhr) Link Cactaceae Thapsia villosa L. See: Echinomastus macdowellii Thelypteris palustris Schott Apiaceae (Reb.) Britton & Rose Thelypteridaceae ◆ Weed Thaumatococcus daniellii (Benn.) Thelocactus matudae H.Sanchez- Benth. ex B.D.Jacks. Mejorada & A.B.Lau Thelypteris patens (Sw.) Small Marantaceae Cactaceae Thelypteridaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A = Thelocactus tulensis Britton & Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Slos. Rose ssp. matudae (Sánchez-Mej. Thayeria cornucopia Cop. Thelypteridaceae & A.B.Lau) N.P.Taylor Polypodiaceae = Phegopteris connectilis Thelocactus nidulans (Quehl) Brown (F.Michx.) Watt Thea assamica J.W.Mast. & R. ◆ Weed Theaceae Cactaceae Thelypteris quelpaertensis (H.Christ) Thea viridis L. = Thelocactus rinconensis (Poselg.) Ching Theaceae Britton & Rose Thelypteridaceae = Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze Thelocactus phymatothelos (Poselg.) See: Oreopteris limbosperma Thecostele alata (Roxb.) C.S.P.Parish Britton & Rose (Bellardi ex All.) Holub T & Rchb. f. Cactaceae Thelypteris reptans (J.F.Gmel.) Morton Orchidaceae = Thelocactus rinconensis (Poselg.) Thelypteridaceae Britton & Rose Thelasis macrobulbon Ridl. See: Dryopteris reptans (J.F.Gmel.) Orchidaceae Thelocactus rinconensis (Poselg.) C.Christens. Britton & Rose Thelesperma burridgeanum (Regel, Thelypteris rudis (Kunze) Proctor Cactaceae Korn. & Rach.) Blake Thelypteridaceae See: Thelocactus lophothele (Salm- Asteraceae Dick) Britton & Rose, Thelocactus Thelypteris serrata (Cav.) Alston Thelesperma megapotamicum nidulans (Quehl) Brown & R., Thelypteridaceae (Spreng.) Kuntze Thelocactus phymatothelos (Poselg.) See: Dryopteris serrata (Cav.) C.Chr. Asteraceae Britton & Rose Themeda arguens (L.) Hack. Thelocactus bicolor (Galeotti ex Pfeiffer) Thelocactus schwarzii Backeb. Poaceae Britton & Rose Cactaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 2 Cactaceae

472 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Themeda avenacea (F.Müell.) Maiden Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K.Schum. Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex Schult. & Betche Apocynaceae & Schult. f. Poaceae See: Cascabela peruviana (Pers.) Arecaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Raf., Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold Thrixanthocereus blossfeldiorum ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Themeda gigantea (Cav.) Hack. (Werdermann) Backeb. Poaceae Thevetia thevetioides (Kunth) K.Schum. Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Apocynaceae = Espostoa blossfeldiorum (Werderm.) Buxb. Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze Thinopyrum distichum (Thunb.) Á.Löve Poaceae Poaceae Thrixanthocereus cullmannianus ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 = Elytrigia disticha (Thunb.) Prokudin F.Ritter ex A.Love Cactaceae Forssk. ◆ Weed - 1A = Espostoa blossfeldiorum Poaceae (Werderm.) Buxb. ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 Thinopyrum elongatum (Host) D.R.Dewey Thrixanthocereus senilis F.Ritter Theobroma bicolor Bonpl. Poaceae Cactaceae Sterculiaceae = Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski = Espostoa senilis (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor Theobroma cacao L. ◆ Weed Thrixspermum acuminatissimum Sterculiaceae Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) (Blume) Rchb. f. ◆ Weed - 2 Barkworth & D.R.Dewey Orchidaceae Theobroma glaucum H.Karst. Poaceae Thrixspermum calceolus (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Sterculiaceae = Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 1 Thermopsis caroliniana M.A.Curtis Thrixspermum centipeda Lour. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Thinopyrum junceiforme (Á.Löve Orchidaceae = Thermopsis villosa (Walter) & D.Löve) Á.Löve Fernald & B.G.Schub. Poaceae Thrixspermum formosanum (Hayata) ◆ Weed - N - 1A Schltr. Thermopsis chinensis Benth. ex S.Moore Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkworth & D.R.Dewey Thrixspermum rubrocallosum Carr Thermopsis lanceolata R.Br. Poaceae Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Elytrigia pontica (Podp.) Holub ◆ Weed Thrixspermum trichoglottis (Hook. f.) ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 Kuntze Thermopsis lupinoides (L.) Link Thinopyrum pycnanthum (Godr.) Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Barkworth Thryptomene miqueliana F.Müell. Thermopsis mollis (Michx.) M.A.Curtis Poaceae Myrtaceae ex Gray See: Agropyron pungens (Pers.) Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Roem. & Schult., Agropyron Thuarea involuta (G.Forst.) pycnanthum (Godr.) Gren. & Godr., R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. Thermopsis rhombifolia (Pursh) Elymus pungens (Pers.) Melderis, Poaceae Richardson Elytrigia pungens (Pers.) Tutin ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 Thuja dolabrata L. f. Thladiantha nudiflora Hemsl. Cupressaceae Thermopsis villosa (Walter) Fernald Cucurbitaceae = Thujopsis dolabrata (L. f.) Siebold & B.G.Schub. ◆ Weed & Zucc. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Thermopsis caroliniana Thlaspi alpinum (Crantz) Jacq. Thuja koraiensis Nakai M.A.Curtis Brassicaceae Cupressaceae ◆ Weed Thlaspi arvense L. Thuja meldensis Quetier T Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalzell Brassicaceae Cupressaceae Malvaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Thuja occidentalis L. Thespesia macrophylla Blume Thlaspi montanum L. Cupressaceae Malvaceae Brassicaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Correa Thuja orientalis L. Malvaceae Thorncroftia succulenta (R.A.Dyer Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 & E.A.Bruce) Codd = Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Thevetia neriifolia Juss. ex Steud. Apocynaceae Thrinax barbadensis Lodd. ex Mart. Thuja plicata Donn ex D.Don = Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K.Schum. Arecaceae Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Thevetia ovata (Cav.) A.DC. Thrinax morrisii H.Wendl. Apocynaceae Arecaceae Thuja standishii (Gordon) Carrière Cupressaceae Thrinax parviflora Sw. Arecaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 473 Thujopsis dolabrata (Thunb. ex L. f.) Thuranthos macranthum C.H.Wright Thymus glabrescens Willdenow Sieb. & Zucc. Liliaceae Lamiaceae Cupressaceae Thymbra spicata L. Thymus herba-barona Loisel. See: Thuja dolabrata L. f. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Thymelaea passerina (L.) Cosson Thymus integer Griseb. Bojer ex Sims & Germ. Lamiaceae Acanthaceae Thymelaeaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Thymus lanuginosus sensu Fritsch, ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4 non Mill. Thunbergia battiscombei Turrill Thymophylla tenuiloba (DC.) Small Lamiaceae Acanthaceae Asteraceae = Thymus pannonicus All. Thunbergia coccinea Wall. ex D.Don See: Hymenatherum tenuilobum DC. Thymus longicaulis C.Presl Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - N Lamiaceae ◆ Weed Thymus albicans Hoffm. & Link Thymus lotocephalus G.López & Thunbergia crispa Burkill Lamiaceae R.Morales Valverde Acanthaceae Thymus argaeus Boiss. & Balansa Lamiaceae Thunbergia erecta (Benth.) T.Anderson Lamiaceae Thymus marschallianus Willd. Acanthaceae Thymus baeticus Boiss. ex Lacaita Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Lamiaceae = Thymus pannonicus All. Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. Thymus camphoratus Hoffm. & Link Thymus mastichina L. Acanthaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2A - 3 - 4A Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffm. & Link Thymus nitidus Guss. Thunbergia gibsonii S.Moore Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed Thymus nummularius Bieb. Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb. Thymus capitellatus Hoffm. & Link Lamiaceae Acanthaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Thymus pannonicus All. Thymus carnosus Boiss. Lamiaceae Thunbergia gregorii S.Moore Lamiaceae See: Thymus lanuginosus sensu Acanthaceae Fritsch, non Mill., Thymus Thymus cephalotos L. Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. marschallianus Willd. Lamiaceae Acanthaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5A Thymus polytrichus Kerner ex Borbas Thymus ciliatus Opiz non Lam., Thunbergia mysorensis (Wight) Lamiaceae nom. illeg. T.Anderson ◆ Weed Lamiaceae Acanthaceae = Thymus praecox Opiz. Thymus praecox Opiz ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Lamiaceae Thymus X citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. Thunbergia natalensis Hook. See: Thymus ciliatus Opiz non Lam. ex Schweigg. & Korte Acanthaceae nom. illeg. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Thunbergia togoensis Lindau = Thymus pulegioides L. X Thymus Acanthaceae vulgaris L. Thymus pseudolanuginosus Ronniger ◆ Weed - 2 Lamiaceae Thunbergia vogeliana Benth. Acanthaceae Thymus citriodorus (Pers.) Schreber Thymus pulcherrimus Schur Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Thunia alba (Lindl.) Rchb. f. = Thymus serpyllum L. Orchidaceae Thymus pulegioides L. T See: Thunia marshalliana (Lindl.) Thymus comosus Heuffel ex Griseb. Lamiaceae Rchb., Thunia venosa Rolfe Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Thunia bensoniae Hook. f. Thymus degenii H.Braun Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. Orchidaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Thunia marshalliana (Lindl.) Rchb. Thymus dimorphus Klokov & Schost. Thymus richardii Pers. Orchidaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae = Thunia alba (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Thymus doerfleri Ronniger Thymus serpyllum L. Thunia pulchra Reichb. f. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Orchidaceae See: Thymus citriodorus (Pers.) Thymus drucei Ronniger Schreber Thunia venosa Rolfe Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 Orchidaceae ◆ Weed = Thunia alba (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Thymus thracicus Velen. Thymus dzevanovskyi Klokov var. bracteata (Roxb.) N.Pearce Lamiaceae & Des.-Shost. & P.J.Cribb Lamiaceae

474 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Thymus villosus L. holosericea Baill. Tilia amurensis Rupr. Lamiaceae Melastomataceae Tiliaceae Thymus vulgaris L. Tibouchina laxa (Desr.) Cogn. Tilia argentea Desf. ex DC. Lamiaceae Melastomataceae Tiliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2A - 3 Tibouchina lepidota (Bonpl.) Baill. Tilia chinensis Maxim. Thymus zygis L. Melastomataceae Tiliaceae Lamiaceae Tibouchina longisepala Cogn. Tilia cordata Mill. Thyrsostachys oliveri Gamble Melastomataceae Tiliaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed Tibouchina multiflora (Gardn.) Cogn. Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble Melastomataceae Tilia cordata Mill. X Tilia dasystyla Poaceae Steven Tibouchina mutabilis (Vell.) Cogn. Tiliaceae Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxb. Melastomataceae See: Tilia X euchlora K.Koch ex Hornem.) Honda Poaceae Tibouchina organensis Cogn. Tilia cordata Mill. X Tilia platyphyllos See: Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Melastomataceae Scop. Kuntze Tibouchina pulcherrima Gleason Tiliaceae ◆ Weed Melastomataceae = Tilia X vulgaris Hayne ◆ Weed Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze Tibouchina pulchra (Cham.) Cogn. Poaceae Melastomataceae Tilia dasystyla Steven = Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxb. Tiliaceae ex Hornem.) Honda Tibouchina semidecandra (Schrank Tilia X euchlora K.Koch ◆ Weed - 3 & Mart. ex DC.) Cogn. Melastomataceae Tiliaceae Tiarella collina Wherry = Tibouchina urvilleana (DC.) Cogn. = Tilia cordata Mill. X Tilia dasystyla Saxifragaceae ◆ Weed Steven = Tiarella cordifolia L. Tibouchina urvilleana Cogn. Tilia X europaea L. Tiarella cordifolia L. Melastomataceae Tiliaceae Saxifragaceae See: Tibouchina grandiflora hort., = Tilia X vulgaris Hayne ◆ See: Tiarella wherryi Lakela, Tiarella Tibouchina semidecandra (Schrank Weed collina Wherry & Mart. ex DC.) Cogn. Tilia heterophylla Vent. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 4 Tiliaceae Tiarella cordifolia L. X Tiarella trifoliata L. Tibouchina viminea Cogn. = Tilia americana L. var. heterophylla Saxifragaceae Melastomataceae (Vent.) Loud. ◆ Weed Tiarella polyphylla D.Don ◆ Weed Saxifragaceae Tieghemopanax elegans (C.Moore Tilia japonica (Miq.) Simonk. Tiliaceae Tiarella trifoliata L. & F.Müell.) R.Vig. Saxifragaceae Araliaceae Tilia kiusiana Makino & Shiras. Tiliaceae Tiarella wherryi Lakela Tieghemopanax multifidus Saxifragaceae N.A.Wakefield Tilia mandshurica Rupr. & Maxim. = Tiarella cordifolia L. var. collina Araliaceae Tiliaceae Wherry Tieghemopanax sambucifolius Tilia maximowicziana Shiras. ◆ Weed - 2 (Sieber ex DC.) R.Vig. Tiliaceae Tibouchina bicolor Cogn. Araliaceae Tilia mongolica Maxim. Melastomataceae ◆ Weed Tiliaceae Tibouchina boraceiensis Brade Tigridia chiapensis Molseed ex Cruden Tilia monticola Sarg. Melastomataceae Iridaceae T Tiliaceae Tibouchina clavata (Pers.) Wurdack Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) DC. = Tilia americana L. var. heterophylla Melastomataceae Iridaceae (Vent.) Loud. ◆ Weed - 2 Tibouchina foveolata Cogn. Tilia petiolaris DC. Melastomataceae Tigridia seleriana (Loes.) Ravenna Tiliaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed Tibouchina grandiflora hort. Melastomataceae Tigridia vanhouttei (Baker) Espejo Tilia platyphyllos Scop. = Tibouchina urvilleana (DC.) Cogn. & A.R.López-Ferrari Tiliaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Tibouchina granulosa (Desr.) Cogn. Melastomataceae Tilia americana L. Tilia texana Sarg. ◆ Weed Tiliaceae Tiliaceae See: Tilia heterophylla Vent., Tibouchina heteromalla Cogn. Tilia tomentosa Moench Tilia monticola Sarg. Melastomataceae Tiliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 475 Tilia tuan Szyszyl. carlsoniae L.B.Smith Tillandsia fendleri Griseb. Tiliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tilia X vulgaris Hayne Tillandsia chrysostachys (E.Morren) Tillandsia festucoides Brongn. ex Mez Tiliaceae Baker Bromeliaceae See: Tilia cordata Mill. X Tilia Bromeliaceae Tillandsia filifolia Schltdl. & Cham. platyphyllos Scop., Tilia X europaea L. = Vriesea chrysostachys E.Morr. Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Tillandsia clavigera Mez Tillandsia flabellata Baker Tilingia ajanensis Reg. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Apiaceae Tillandsia coerulea Kunth Tillandsia flexuosa Sw. Tillandsia aëranthos (Loisel.) L.B.Sm. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia complanata Benth. ◆ Weed - 3 Tillandsia foliosa M.Martens & Bromeliaceae Galeotti Tillandsia albertiana F.Vervoorst Tillandsia concolor L.B.Smith Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia fuchsii W.Till Tillandsia ampla Mez & Sodiro Tillandsia confinis L.B.Smith Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia funckiana Baker Tillandsia anceps Lodd. Tillandsia contorta Mez & Pittier ex Mez Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia gardneri Lindl. Tillandsia andreana E.Morr. ex André Tillandsia cornuta Mez & Sodiro Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia geminiflora Brongn. Tillandsia araujei Mez Tillandsia crocata (C.J.Morren) Baker Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia globosa Wawra Tillandsia arhiza Mez ◆ Weed - 2 Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia cryptantha Baker Tillandsia grandis Schlechtendal Tillandsia atroviridipetala Matuda Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae = Vriesea chrysostachys E.Morr. Tillandsia guatemalensis L.B.Smith Tillandsia balbisiana Schult. f. Tillandsia cyanea Linden ex K.Koch Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia harrisii Ehlers Tillandsia bandensis Baker Tillandsia dasyliriifolia Baker Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed Tillandsia hildae Rauh Tillandsia deppeana Steud. Bromeliaceae Tillandsia bartramii Ell. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia hondurensis Rauh Tillandsia dexteri H.Luther Bromeliaceae Tillandsia bergeri Mez Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia imperialis E.Morr. ex Roezl Tillandsia didisticha Baker Bromeliaceae Tillandsia brachycaulos Schltdl. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia insignis (Mez) L.B.Sm. & Tillandsia dodsonii L.B.Sm. Pittend. Tillandsia bryoides Griseb. ex Baker Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia dura Baker Tillandsia ionantha Planch. Tillandsia bulbosa Hook. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia duratii Vis. Tillandsia juncea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poir. Tillandsia butzii Mez. Bromeliaceae T Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia dyeriana André Tillandsia juncifolia Regel Tillandsia cacticola L.B.Sm. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia edithae Rauh Tillandsia karwinskyana Schultes f. Tillandsia calothyrsus Mez Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia ehlersiana Rauh Tillandsia kautskyi E.Pereira Tillandsia candelifera Rohweder Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia eizii L.B.Smith Tillandsia kirchhoffiana Wittmack Tillandsia capillaris Ruiz & Pav. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia exserta Fernald Tillandsia kolbii W.Till & S.Schatzl Tillandsia capitata Griseb. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia fasciculata Swartz See: Tillandsia scaposa (L.B.Sm.) Tillandsia caput-medusae E.Morr. Bromeliaceae R.Ehlers Bromeliaceae

476 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Tillandsia kurt-horstii Rauh Tillandsia pseudobaileyi C.S.Gardner Tillandsia tenuifolia L. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia landbeckii Phil. Tillandsia pseudosetacea Ehlers & Rauh Tillandsia tricholepis Baker Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed Tillandsia pueblensis L.B.Smith Tillandsia tricolor Schlecht. & Cham. Tillandsia leiboldiana Schltdl. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia punctulata Schlecht. & Cham. Tillandsia trinitensis Baker Tillandsia lindenii Regel Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae = Vriesea chrysostachys E.Morren Tillandsia purpurea Ruiz & Pav. Tillandsia linearis Vell. Bromeliaceae Tillandsia umbellata André Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia pyramidata André Tillandsia loliacea Mart. ex Roem. Bromeliaceae Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. & Schult. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. ◆ Weed - N Bromeliaceae Tillandsia lorentziana Griseb. ◆ Weed Tillandsia utriculata L. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia rodrigueziana Mez Tillandsia macdougallii L.B.Smith Bromeliaceae Tillandsia valenzuelana A.Rich. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia roseoscapa Matuda = Tillandsia variabilis Schlecht. Tillandsia magnusiana Wittm. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia variabilis Schlecht. Tillandsia scaposa (L.B.Sm.) R.Ehlers Bromeliaceae Tillandsia mallemontii Glaziou ex Mez Bromeliaceae See: Tillandsia valenzuelana A.Rich. Bromeliaceae = Tillandsia kolbii W.Till & S.Schatzl Tillandsia velickiana L.B.Smith Tillandsia malzinei (E.Morr.) Baker Tillandsia schiedeana Steud. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia velutina R.Ehlers Tillandsia matudai L.B.Smith Tillandsia secunda Kunth Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia venusta Mez & Werckl Tillandsia mauryana L.B.Sm. Tillandsia seleriana Mez Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia vicentina Standley Tillandsia meridionalis Baker Tillandsia setacea Sw. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia viridiflora (Beer) Baker Tillandsia narthecioides C.Presl Tillandsia somnians L.B.Sm. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tillandsia xerographica Rohweder Tillandsia oaxacana L.B.Smith Tillandsia spiculosa Griseb. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tinantia fugax Scheidw. Tillandsia oerstediana L.B.Smith Tillandsia splendens Brongn. Commelinaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Tinguarra montana (Webb ex Christ) Tillandsia paleacea Presl. = Vriesea splendens (Brongn.) Lem. A.Hansen & G.Kunkel Bromeliaceae Tillandsia sprengeliana Klotzsch ex Mez Apiaceae Tillandsia paucifolia Baker Bromeliaceae Tinnea rhodesiana S.Moore Bromeliaceae Tillandsia standleyi L.B.Smith Lamiaceae Tillandsia plagiotropica Rohweder Bromeliaceae Tinospora cordifolia Miers Bromeliaceae Tillandsia straminea Kunth Menispermaceae T Tillandsia platyrhachis Mez Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed Bromeliaceae Tillandsia streptocarpa Baker Tinus paniculata (Roxb.) Kuntze Tillandsia platyrhachis Mez X Tillandsia Bromeliaceae Myrsinaceae cyanea Linden ex K.Koch See: Ardisia paniculata Roxb. Tillandsia streptophylla Scheidw. Bromeliaceae ex E.Morr. Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze Tillandsia plumosa Baker Bromeliaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Tillandsia stricta Sol. Tillandsia pohliana Mez Bromeliaceae Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt. Bromeliaceae Orchidaceae Tillandsia subulifera Mez Tillandsia pretiosa Mez Bromeliaceae Tischleria peersii Schwantes Bromeliaceae Aizoaceae Tillandsia tectorum E.Morr. Tillandsia pruinosa Swartz Bromeliaceae Titanopsis calcarea (Marl.) Schwant. Bromeliaceae Aizoaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 477 diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray Torreya nucifera (L.) Sieb. & Zucc. Trachelospermum jasminoides Asteraceae Taxaceae (Lindl.) Lem. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5A Apocynaceae Torreya taxifolia Arn. ◆ Weed Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F.Blake Taxaceae Asteraceae divaricata (Jacq.) Kunth Tournefortia argentea L. f. See: Tithonia speciosa (Hook.) Griseb. Liliaceae Boraginaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A See: Messerschmidia argentea Tithonia speciosa (Hook.) Griseb. (L. f.) Johnst. Trachycarpus fortunei (Hook.) Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 H.Wendl. = Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) Arecaceae Tovara filiformis Nakai S.F.Blake See: Chamaerops excelsa hort. Polygonaceae Arecaceae Tithonia tagetiflora Desf. Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Asteraceae Polygonaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Trachycarpus latisectus T.W.Spanner, = Polygonum virginianum L. H.J.Noltie & M.Gibbons Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Townsendia hookeri Beaman Arecaceae Rutaceae Asteraceae Trachycarpus martianus (Wall.) H.Wendl. Tolmiea menziesii Torr. & Gray Townsendia mensana M.E.Jones Arecaceae Saxifragaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Trachycarpus nana Becc. Townsendia parryi D.C.Eaton Arecaceae Tolpis barbata (L.) Gaertn. Asteraceae Asteraceae Trachycarpus oreophilus M.Gibbons See: Crepis barbata L., Tolpis Townsendia rothrockii Gray ex & T.W.Spanner Arecaceae umbellata Bertol. Rothrock ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Asteraceae Trachycarpus princeps M.Gibbons, T.W.Spanner & San Y.Chen Tolpis umbellata Bertol. Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. Arecaceae Asteraceae & A.Gray) Greene = Tolpis barbata (L.) Gaertn. Anacardiaceae Trachycarpus takil Becc. ◆ Weed See: Rhus diversiloba Torr. & A.Gray Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Tolpis virgata (Desf.) Bertol. Trachycarpus wagnerianus Becc. Asteraceae Toxicodendron pubescens Mill. Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N Anacardiaceae ◆ Weed - 5 See: Rhus toxicodendron L. Toona ciliata M.Roem. ◆ Weed - 4 - 5 Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague Meliaceae ex Turrill See: Cedrela toona Roxb. ex Willd. Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze Apiaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Anacardiaceae See: Carum copticum (L.) See: Rhus radicans L., Rhus C.B.Clarke, Trachyspermum Toona sinensis (A.Juss.) M.Roem. scandens Salisb. copticum (L.) Link Meliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 4A ◆ Weed - 2 Tordylium apulum L. Toxicodendron succedaneum (L.) Trachyspermum copticum (L.) Link Apiaceae Kuntze Apiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Anacardiaceae = Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Torenia fournieri Linden ex E.Fourn. See: Rhus succedanea L. Sprague ex Turrill ◆ ◆ Scrophulariaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5A Weed ◆ Weed - Nn - 2A Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) Trachystemon orientale (L.) D.Don F.A.Barkley Torenia nana Bonati Boraginaceae Anacardiaceae T Scrophulariaceae Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G.Don f. See: Rhus vernicifera Salisb., Rhus = Craterostigma nanum Engl. Boraginaceae verniciflua Stokes ◆ Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link Weed - N - 1A - 2 Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze Apiaceae Tradescantia albiflora Kunth Anacardiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 4 Commelinaceae See: Rhus vernix L. = Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4A - 5A Apiaceae Toxicophlaea spectabilis Sond. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Tradescantia X andersoniana W.Ludwig Apocynaceae & Rohweder Toronia toru (A.Cunn.) L.A.S.Johnson Trachelium caeruleum L. Commelinaceae & B.G.Briggs Campanulaceae = Tradescantia virginiana L. X Proteaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. X Torreya californica Torr. Tradescantia subaspera Ker Gawl. Trachelospermum asiaticum Nakai Taxaceae [other spp. are also associated with Apocynaceae ◆ Weed garden hybrids under this name] ◆ Weed - 5 ◆ Weed - 1

478 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Tradescantia blossfeldiana Mildbr. Tradescantia zanonia (L.) Sw. Tribolium obliterum (Hemsl.) Renvoize Commelinaceae Commelinaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed See: Campelia zanonia (L.) Kunth ◆ Weed - N - 1 Tradescantia canaliculata Raf. X Tradescantia zebrina Bosse Tribolium uniolae (L. f.) Renvoize Tradescantia virginiana Linn. X Commelinaceae Poaceae (Tradescantia subaspera Ker Gawl.) See: Tradescantia pendula (Schnizl.) See: Plagiochloa uniolae (L. f.) Commelinaceae D.R.Hunt, Zebrina pendula Schnizl. Adamson & Sprague ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A Tradescantia brevicaulis Raf. Commelinaceae Tragopogon dubius Scop. Tribulus cistoides L. = Tradescantia virginiana L. Asteraceae Zygophyllaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2A - 3 - 4A Tradescantia cerinthoides Kunth Commelinaceae Tragopogon hybridus L. L. ◆ Weed Asteraceae Zygophyllaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 4A - 5 Tradescantia discolor L’Hérit. Commelinaceae L. Trichantha dissimilis (C.V.Morton) = Tradescantia spathacea Sw. Asteraceae Wiehler ◆ Weed - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Gesneriaceae Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. Tragopogon pratensis L. Trichantha sanguinolenta (Klotzsch Commelinaceae Asteraceae ex Oerst.) Wiehler ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5A ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 - 4 Gesneriaceae Tradescantia geniculata Jacq. Tragus australianus S.T. Blake Trichocereus andalgalensis (A.Weber Commelinaceae Poaceae ex K.Schum.) Hosseus = Gibasis geniculata (Jacq.) Rohweder ◆ Weed - Nn - 3A Cactaceae Tradescantia navicularis Ortgies Trapa natans L. Trichocereus angelesii R.Kiesling Commelinaceae Trapaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 = Echinopsis angelesiae (R.Kiesling) Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. G.D.Rowley Commelinaceae Treculia africana Decne. See: Tradescantia reflexa Rafin. Moraceae Trichocereus bridgesii Britton & Rose ◆ Weed Cactaceae micrantha (L.) Blume = Echinopsis lageniformis (Forst.) Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R.Hunt Celtidaceae H.Friedrich & Rowley Commelinaceae ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - N - 2 Trichocereus bruchii (Britton & Rose) burckii Boerl. F.Ritter Tradescantia paludosa E.S.Anderson Araliaceae Cactaceae & Woods. (Roxb. ex Lindl.) Vis. = Echinopsis bruchii (Britton & Rose) Commelinaceae Araliaceae A.Cast. & Lelong Tradescantia pendula (Schnizl.) Trevesia sundaica Miq. Trichocereus candicans (Gillies ex D.R.Hunt Araliaceae Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose Commelinaceae Cactaceae = Tradescantia zebrina Bosse Trevoa trinervis Miers = Echinopsis candicans (Gillies ex Rhamnaceae Tradescantia reflexa Rafin. Salm-Dyck) F.A.C.Weber ex D.R.Hunt Commelinaceae Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Trichocereus chilensis Britton & Rose = Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. Euphorbiaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed See: Croton sebiferum L., Sapium = Echinopsis chiloensis (Colla) sebiferum (L.) Roxb. Tradescantia rosea Vent. Friedrich & G.D.Rowley ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 4 - 5 Commelinaceae T Trichocereus chiloensis (Colla) Britton = Callisia rosea (Vent.) D.Hunt Trianoptiles solitaria (C.B.Clarke) Levyns Cactaceae Cyperaceae Tradescantia sillamontana Matuda = Echinopsis chiloensis (Colla) ◆ Weed - N - 1A Commelinaceae Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Trianthema portulacastrum L. Tradescantia spathacea Sw. Trichocereus formosus (Pfeiff.) F.Ritter Aizoaceae Commelinaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A - 5 See: Rhoeo discolor (L’Hérit.) Hance, = Echinopsis formosa (Pfeiff.) Jacobi Rhoeo spathacea (Sw.) Stearn, Tribolium acutiflorum (Nees) Renv. Trichocereus fulvilanus F.Ritter Tradescantia discolor L’Hérit. Poaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A = Echinopsis deserticola (Werderm.) Tradescantia virginiana L. Tribolium echinatum (Thunb.) Renvoize Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Commelinaceae Poaceae Trichocereus grandiflorus Backeb. See: Tradescantia brevicaulis Raf. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 5

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 479 Trichocereus huascha (F.A.C.Weber) Trichocereus werdermannianus Trichostema arizonicum Gray Britton & Rose Backeb. in Backeb. & F.M.Knuth Lamiaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Trichostema lanatum Benth. = Echinopsis huascha (F.A.C.Weber) = Echinopsis terscheckii (Parm.) Lamiaceae H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Friedrich & Rowley Trichostema parishii Vasey Trichocereus pachanoi Britton & Rose Trichocladus ellipticus Eckl. & Zeyh. Lamiaceae Cactaceae Hamamelidaceae = Echinopsis pachanoi (Britton Trichosterigma fulgens (Karw. Trichodiadema barbatum Schwantes & Rose) Friedrich & G.D.Rowley ex Klotzsch) Klotzsch & Garcke Aizoaceae Euphorbiaceae Trichocereus pasacana Britton & Rose Trichodiadema bulbosum Schwantes Cactaceae Trichostigma peruvianum (Moquin) Aizoaceae = Echinopsis pasacana H.Walter (F.A.C.Weber) Friedrich & Rowley Trichodiadema decorum (N.E.Br.) Phytolaccaceae Stearn ex H.Jacobsen Trichocereus peruvianus Britton & Rose Tricyrtis affinis Makino Aizoaceae Cactaceae Liliaceae = Echinopsis pachanoi (Britton & Trichodiadema densum (Haw.) Schwant. Tricyrtis bakeri Koidz. Rose) Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Aizoaceae Liliaceae Trichocereus santiaguensis (Speg.) Trichodiadema marlothii L.Bolus Tricyrtis dilatata Nakai Backeb. Aizoaceae Cactaceae Liliaceae = Echinopsis spachiana (Lem.) Trichodiadema mirabile Schwantes = Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. Aizoaceae Friedr. & Rowley Tricyrtis formosana Baker Trichocereus schickendantzii Britton Trichodiadema stellatum Schwantes Liliaceae & Rose Aizoaceae ◆ Weed Cactaceae Trichodiadema stelligerum Schwantes Tricyrtis formosana Baker X Tricyrtis = Echinopsis schickendantzii Aizoaceae hirta (Thunb.) Hook. F.A.C.Weber Liliaceae Trichoglottis fasciata Rchb. f. Trichocereus scopulicola F.Ritter Orchidaceae Tricyrtis hirta (Thunb.) Hook. Cactaceae Liliaceae Trichoglottis lanceolaria Blume ◆ Weed Trichocereus shaferi Britton & Rose Orchidaceae Cactaceae Tricyrtis latifolia Maxim. Tricholaena rosea Nees = Echinopsis schickendantzii Liliaceae F.A.C.Weber Poaceae = Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. Trichocereus smrzianus (Backeb.) ◆ Weed - 2A Liliaceae F.Ritter See: Tricyrtis dilatata Nakai Cactaceae Trichomanes javanicum Blume = Echinopsis smrziana Backeb. Hymenophyllaceae Tricyrtis nana Yatabe Liliaceae Trichocereus spachianus (Lem.) Ricc. Trichophorum alpinum (L.) Pers. Cactaceae Cyperaceae Tricyrtis stolonifera Matsum. = Echinopsis spachiana (Lem.) See: Scirpus hudsonianus Liliaceae Friedr. & Rowley (Michx.) Fern. Tridactyle anthomaniaca (Reichb. f.) Trichocereus tarijensis (Vaupel) Trichopilia marginata Henfr. Summerh. Werderm. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Cactaceae Trichopilia suavis Lindl. & Paxton Tridactyle bicaudata (Lindl.) Schltr. = Echinopsis tarijensis (Vaupel) Orchidaceae Orchidaceae H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley T Trichopilia tortilis Lindl. Tridactyle oblongifolia Summerh. Trichocereus tephracanthus (Link Orchidaceae Orchidaceae & Otto) O.Berg Cactaceae anguina L. Tridactyle scottellii (Rendle) Schltr. Cucurbitaceae Orchidaceae Trichocereus terscheckii (Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose Trichosanthes cucumeroides Tridax procumbens L. Cactaceae (Ser.) Maxim. Asteraceae = Echinopsis terscheckii (Parm.) Cucurbitaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 - 5 Friedrich & Rowley ◆ Weed Tridentea gemmiflora (Masson) Haw. Trichocereus thelegonus (F.A.C.Weber) Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. Asclepiadaceae Britton & Rose Cucurbitaceae Tridentea jucunda (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach Cactaceae ◆ Weed Asclepiadaceae = Echinopsis thelegona (F.A.C.Weber) Trichospermum pleiostigma (F v.M) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Tridentea parvipuncta (N.E.Br.) Kostermans L.C.Leach Trichocereus volcanensis F.Ritter Tiliaceae Asclepiadaceae Cactaceae

480 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Tridentea peculiaris (Lückh.) L.C.Leach Trifolium billardieri Spreng. Trifolium desvauxii Boiss. & Blanche Asclepiadaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Trifolium purpureum Loisel. var. Tridentea pedunculata (Masson) Trifolium bocconei Savi desvauxii (Boiss. & Blanche) Post L.C.Leach Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asclepiadaceae Trifolium dichroanthum Boiss. Trifolium boissieri Guss. ex Soy.-Will. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Tridentea umdausensis (Nel) L.C.Leach & Godr. Asclepiadaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium diffusum Ehrh. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium affine C.Presl Trifolium burchellianum Ser. ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 3 Trifolium dubium Sibth. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium africanum Ser. Trifolium calocephalum Fresen. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium echinatum M.Bieb. Trifolium aintabense Boiss. & Hausskn. Trifolium campestre Schreb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Trifolium alexandrinum L. Trifolium eriosphaerum Boiss. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium canescens Willd. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium fragiferum L. Trifolium alpestre L. Trifolium carmelii Boiss Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed Trifolium carolinianum Michx. Trifolium glanduliferum Boiss. Trifolium amabile Kunth Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Trifolium globosum L. Trifolium cernuum Brot. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium ambiguum M.Bieb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A ◆ Weed - N Trifolium glomeratum L. Trifolium cheranganiense J.B.Gillett Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium angustifolium L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium cherleri L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Trifolium gracilentum Torr. & A.Gray Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium ankaratrense Bosser ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3A ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium chilense Hook. & Arn. Trifolium grandiflorum Schreb. Trifolium apertum Bobrov Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium ciliolatum Benth. ◆ Weed Trifolium armenium Willd. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium heldreichianum (Gibelli Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed & Belli) Hausskn. = Trifolium pannonicum Jacq. Trifolium clusii Godr. & Gren. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ssp. elongatum (Willd.) Zohary Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium hirtum All. Trifolium arvense L. ◆ Weed - 3 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium clypeatum L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium hybridum L. Trifolium aureum Pollich ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium constantinopolitanum Ser. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium incarnatum L. T Trifolium baccarinii Chiov. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium cryptopodium Steud. ex ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Trifolium badium Schreb. A.Rich. Trifolium isodon Murb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Trifolium dasyurum C.Presl Trifolium israeliticum Zohary & Katzn. Trifolium balansae Boiss. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Trifolium isthmocarpum Brot. Trifolium batmanicum Katzn. Trifolium decorum Chiov. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Trifolium bejariense Moric. Trifolium depauperatum Desv. Trifolium lappaceum L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Trifolium berytheum Boiss. & Blanche ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 481 Trifolium leucanthum M.Bieb. Trifolium palaestinum Boiss. Trifolium retusum L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Trifolium pallidum Waldst. & Kit. Trifolium ligusticum Balb. ex Loisel. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium riograndense Burkart Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Trifolium pannonicum Jacq. Trifolium rubens L. Trifolium longipes Nutt. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Trifolium armenium Willd. ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - 2 Trifolium lucanicum Gasp. ex Guss. Trifolium rueppellianum Fresen. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium pauciflorum d’Urv. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium lugardii Bullock Trifolium salmoneum Mouterde = Trifolium oliganthum Steud. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium philistaeum Zohary Trifolium lupinaster L. Trifolium scabrum L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Trifolium stenophyllum Boiss. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A nom. illeg. Trifolium masaiense J.B.Gillett Trifolium schimperi A.Rich. Trifolium phleoides Pourr. ex Willd. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium mattirolianum Chiov. Trifolium scutatum Boiss. Trifolium physodes Steven ex M.Bieb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium medium L. Trifolium semipilosum Fresen. Trifolium pichisermollii J.B.Gillett Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N Trifolium simense Fresen. Trifolium pilulare Boiss. Trifolium michelianum Savi Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A Trifolium spumosum L. ◆ Weed - N Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium plebeium Boiss. Trifolium micranthum Viv. ◆ Weed - N - 3A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium squamosum L. ◆ Weed - N - 3A Trifolium plumosum Dougl. ex Hook. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium microdon Hook. & Arn. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium polymorphum Poir. Trifolium squarrosum L. ◆ Weed - N - 3A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Trifolium montanum L. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium polystachyum Fresen. Trifolium stellatum L. ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium multistriatum W.D.J.Koch Trifolium pratense L. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium stenophyllum Boiss., ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Trifolium mutabile Port. nom. illeg. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium pseudostriatum Baker f. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Trifolium philistaeum Zohary Trifolium nigrescens Viv. Trifolium purpureum Loisel. Trifolium steudneri Schweinf. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 See: Trifolium desvauxii Boiss. Trifolium striatum L. & Blanche Trifolium noricum Wulfen Leguminosae - Papilionaceae T ◆ Weed - 3 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Trifolium purseglovei J.B.Gillett Trifolium obscurum Savi Trifolium strictum L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium quartinianum A.Rich. ◆ Weed Trifolium ochroleucon Hudson Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium subterraneum L. ◆ Weed - 2 Trifolium reflexum L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Trifolium oliganthum Steud. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium repens L. Trifolium suffocatum L. See: Trifolium pauciflorum d’Urv. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Trifolium ornithopodioides L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trifolium resupinatum L. Trifolium sylvaticum Gerard ex Loisel. See: Trigonella ornithopodioides Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae (L.) DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A

482 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Trifolium tembense Fresen. Trigonella gladiata Steven ex M.Bieb. Trillium sessile L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Trifolium tenuifolium Ten. Trillium sulcatum Patrick Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trigonella monantha C.A.Mey. Liliaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trillium undulatum Willd. = Medicago monantha (C.A.Mey.) Trifolium tomentosum L. Liliaceae Trautv. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Trimezia fosteriana Steyerm. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Iridaceae Trigonella monspeliaca L. Trifolium trichocephalum M.Bieb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trimezia martinicensis (Jacq.) Herb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Medicago monspeliaca (L.) Trautv. ex Baker Trifolium tridentatum Lindl. ◆ Weed - 3 Iridaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Trigonella noeana Boiss. = Trifolium willdenovii Spreng. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Trimezia steyermarkii R.Foster = Medicago monantha (C.A.Mey.) Iridaceae Trifolium tumens Steven ex M.Bieb. Trautv. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Trigonella ornithopodioides (L.) DC. Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Campanulaceae Trifolium uniflorum L. = Trifolium ornithopodioides L. ◆ Weed - N - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Trigonella polyceratia L. Triosteum himalayanum Wall. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Caprifoliaceae Trifolium usambarense Taub. = Medicago polyceratia (L.) Trautv. Tripetaleia paniculata Sieb. & Zucc. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Ericaceae Trifolium vavilovii Eig Trigonella radiata (L.) Boiss. Triphasia trifolia (Burm. f.) P.Wilson Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Rutaceae = Radiata leiocarpa Soják Trifolium velivolum Paine ◆ ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Weed Triphysaria pusilla (Benth.) Chuang Trigonidium obtusum Lindl. Trifolium vernum Phil. & Heckard Orchidaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Scrophulariaceae Trifolium vesiculosum Savi Trigonidium riopalenquense Dodson See: Orthocarpus pusillus Benth. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Trillium albidum Freeman Triplaris americana L. Trifolium wigginsii J.M.Gillett Liliaceae Polygonaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trillium catesbaei Ell. Trifolium willdenovii Spreng. Liliaceae Triplaris caracassana Cham. Polygonaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trillium cernuum L. See: Trifolium tridentatum Lindl. Liliaceae Triplaris surinamensis Cham. Polygonaceae Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Trillium chloropetalum (Torr.) Howell ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Trillium cuneatum Raf. Sch.Bip. huegelii (Endl.) Aston Liliaceae Juncaginaceae Asteraceae Trillium erectum L. = Tripleurospermum perforatum Trigonella arabica Delile Liliaceae (Mérat) Laínz Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed T Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. Tripleurospermum maritimum (L.) Trigonella balansae Boiss. & Reut. Liliaceae W.D.J.Koch Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Asteraceae Trigonella caerulea (L.) Ser. See: Matricaria maritima L. Trillium kamschaticum Pall. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Tripleurospermum perforatum (Merat) Trillium luteum (Muhl.) Harbison Trigonella coelesyriaca Boiss. Lainz Liliaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae Trillium recurvatum Beck See: Matricaria chamomilla L., Trigonella corniculata (L.) L. Liliaceae Matricaria perforata Merat Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - 3 Trillium rivale S.Watson Liliaceae Triplochlamys multiflora (A.St.-Hil.) Ulbr. Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Malvaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Trillium rugelii Rendle ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Liliaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 483 Tripogandra amplexicaulis (Klotzsch Triteleia X tubergenii L.W.Lenz Triticum turgidum L. X Agropyron ex C.B.Clarke) Woodson Liliaceae glaucum (Desf.) Roem. & Schult. Commelinaceae Poaceae Triteleia uniflora Lindl. Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. Liliaceae Triticum vulgare Vill. Poaceae = Ipheion uniflorum (Lindl.) Raf. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - 5 = Triticum aestivum L. ◆ Weed Tripteris clandestina Less. Trithrinax acanthocoma Drude Asteraceae Arecaceae Triticum vulgare Vill. X Agropyron = Monoculus monstrosus (Burm. f.) glaucum (Desf.) Roem. & Schult. Trithrinax brasiliensis Mart. B.Nord. Poaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 1A bakeri Klatt Trithrinax campestris (Burmeist.) Drude Tripteris sinuata DC. Iridaceae & Griseb. Asteraceae Arecaceae Tritonia crispa (L. f.) Ker Gawl. Tripterodendron filicifolium (Linden) Iridaceae Trithrinax schizophylla Drude Radlk. Arecaceae (L.) Ker Gawl. Sapindaceae Iridaceae X Triticosecale hybrids hort. Tripterospermum japonicum (Sieb. See: Tritonia miniata Ker. Gawl. Poaceae & Zucc.) Maxim. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A = Triticum sp. L. X Secale sp. L. Gentianaceae Tritonia deusta (Sol.) Ker Gawl. Triticum aestivum L. Tripterygium regelii Sprague & Takeda Iridaceae Poaceae Celastraceae See: Triticum sativum Lam., Triticum Tritonia disticha Baker Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. vulgare Vill. Iridaceae ◆ Celastraceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Tritonia dubia Ecklon ex Klatt Trisetaria cristata (L.) Kerguélen Triticum araraticum Jakubz. Iridaceae Poaceae Poaceae Tritonia flabellifolia (Delaroche) Lewis = Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev Triticum durum Desf. Iridaceae flavescens (L.) P.Beauv. Poaceae Tritonia florentiae (Marloth) Goldblatt ◆ Poaceae Weed Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N Triticum durum Desf. X Agropyron Tritonia laxifolia Benth. ex Baker Tristagma uniflorum (Lindl.) Traub glaucum (Desf.) Roem. & Schult. Iridaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Poaceae = Ipheion uniflorum (Lindl.) Raf. Tritonia lineata (Salisb.) Ker Gawl. Triticum elongatum Host ◆ Weed - 2 Iridaceae Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 Tristania conferta R.Br. = Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski Myrtaceae Tritonia lineata (Salisb.) Ker Gawl. Triticum giganteum Roth ◆ Weed X Tritonia crocata (L.) Ker Gawl. Poaceae Iridaceae Tristaniopsis guillainii Vieill. ex Brongn. = Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski & Griseb. Tritonia miniata Ker. Gawl. Triticum monococcum L. Myrtaceae Iridaceae Poaceae = Tritonia crocata (L.) Ker Gawl. Tristaniopsis jaffrei J.W.Dawson ◆ Weed - 2 Myrtaceae Tritonia pallida Ker Gawl. Triticum ponticum Podp. Iridaceae Tristaniopsis ninndoensis J.W.Dawson Poaceae Myrtaceae = Elytrigia pontica (Podp.) Holub Tritonia parvula N.E.Br. Iridaceae T Triteleia bridgesii (S.Watson) E.Greene Triticum rigidum Schrad. Liliaceae Poaceae Tritonia securigera (Aiton) Ker Gawl. = Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski Iridaceae Triteleia grandiflora Lindl. Liliaceae Triticum sativum Lam. Tritonia squalida (Aiton) Ker Gawl. Iridaceae Poaceae Triteleia hyacinthina (Lindl.) Greene ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A = Triticum aestivum L. Liliaceae Triumfetta cordifolia A.Rich. Triticum scabrum R.Br. Triteleia ixioides (S.Watson) E.Greene Tiliaceae Poaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed See: Brodiaea lutea Triticum spelta L. Triumfetta pentandra A.Rich. Poaceae Triteleia laxa Benth. Tiliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A See: Brodiaea laxa (Benth.) S.Watson Triticum turgidum L. Triumfetta pilosa Roth Poaceae Triteleia peduncularis Lindl. Tiliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Liliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A

484 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. pentaphyllum Lam. Tulbaghia cominsii C.G.Vosa Tiliaceae Tropaeolaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 3A - 4 - 5A ◆ Weed Tulbaghia fragrans I.Verd. Trochetia blackburniana Bojer Tropaeolum peregrinum L. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Sterculiaceae Tropaeolaceae Tulbaghia galpinii Schltr. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Trochodendron aralioides Sieb. & Zucc. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Trochodendraceae Tropaeolum polyphyllum Cav. Tulbaghia ludwigiana Harv. Tropaeolaceae Trollius acaulis Lindl. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Ranunculaceae Tropaeolum sessilifolium Poepp. & Endl. Tulbaghia montana C.G.Vosa Tropaeolaceae Trollius asiaticus L. Alliaceae - Liliaceae Ranunculaceae Tropaeolum speciosum Poepp. & Endl. Tulbaghia natalensis Baker Tropaeolaceae Trollius chartosepalus Schipcz. Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2 Ranunculaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Tropaeolum tricolor Sweet Trollius chinensis Bunge Tulbaghia simmleri P.Beauv. Tropaeolaceae Ranunculaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pav. Trollius europaeus L. Harv. Tropaeolaceae Ranunculaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed canadensis (L.) Carrière ◆ Weed - N - 2A Pinaceae Trollius ledebourii Rchb. Tulipa agenensis DC. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Ranunculaceae Liliaceae Engelm. Trollius lilacinus Bunge Tulipa aitchisonii A.D.Hall Pinaceae Ranunculaceae Liliaceae (Franch.) E.Pritz. Trollius pumilus D.Don Tulipa albertii Regel Pinaceae Ranunculaceae Liliaceae (D.Don) Eichler See: Tulipa vvedenskyi Botsch. Trollius yunnanensis (Franch.) Ulbr. Pinaceae Ranunculaceae Tulipa altaica Pall. ex Spreng. (Raf.) Sarg. Liliaceae Tromotriche engleriana (Schltr.) Pinaceae L.C.Leach Tulipa armena Boiss. ◆ Weed - 2 Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae (Bong.) Carrière Tromotriche revoluta (Masson) Haw. Tulipa aucheriana Baker Pinaceae Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed Tropaeolum azureum Miers ex Savi Tulipa australis Link Carrière Tropaeolaceae Liliaceae Pinaceae Tropaeolum brachyceras Hook. & Arn. Tulipa bakeri A.D.Hall Tsuga yunnanensis (Franch.) Mast. Tropaeolaceae Liliaceae Pinaceae Tropaeolum ciliatum Ruiz & Pav. Tulipa batalinii Regel Tsusiophyllum tanakae Maxim. Tropaeolaceae Liliaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed Tulipa biflora Pall. Tuberaria guttata (L.) Fourreau Tropaeolum incisum (Speg.) Sparre Liliaceae Cistaceae Tropaeolaceae ◆ Weed Tulipa celsiana DC. Tropaeolum lepidum Phil. ex Buchenau Liliaceae Tuberaria lignosa (Sweet) Samp. Tropaeolaceae Cistaceae Tulipa chrysantha Boiss. T L. ◆ Weed Liliaceae Tropaeolaceae Tubocapsicum anomalum (Franch. Tulipa clusiana DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 & Sav.) Makino Liliaceae Tropaeolum majus L. X Tropaeolum Solanaceae ◆ Weed - 3 peltophorum Benth. = Capsicum anomalum Franch. Tulipa dasystemon (Regel) Regel Tropaeolaceae & Sav. Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Tulipa didieri Jordan Tropaeolum minus L. Tulbaghia alliacea L. f. Liliaceae Tropaeolaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Tulipa edulis (Miq.) Baker Tulbaghia capensis L. Liliaceae Tropaeolum peltophorum Benth. Alliaceae - Liliaceae ◆ Weed Tropaeolaceae Tulbaghia cepacea L. f. ◆ Weed Tulipa eichleri Regel Alliaceae - Liliaceae Liliaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 485 Tulipa fosteriana W.Irving Tulipa saxatilis Sieber ex Sprengel Turbinicarpus knuthianus (Boed.) Liliaceae Liliaceae V.John & Riha ◆ Weed - 2 Cactaceae Tulipa gesneriana L. See: Neolloydia knuthiana (Boed.) Liliaceae Tulipa sprengeri Baker F.M.Knuth ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Liliaceae Turbinicarpus krainzianus (G.Frank) Tulipa greigii Regel Tulipa stapfii Turrill Backeb. Liliaceae Liliaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Tulipa stellata Hook. Turbinicarpus laui Glass & R.C.Foster Tulipa hageri Heldr. Liliaceae Cactaceae Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 3 See: Neolloydia laui (Glass Tulipa humilis Herb. Tulipa sylvestris L. & R.C.Foster) E.F.Anderson Liliaceae Liliaceae Turbinicarpus lophophoroides ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 Tulipa hungarica Borbas (Werderm.) Buxb. & Backeb. Liliaceae Tulipa tarda Stapf Cactaceae Liliaceae See: Neolloydia lophophoroides Tulipa ingens Hoog (Werderm.) E.F.Anderson Liliaceae Tulipa tubergeniana Hoog Liliaceae Turbinicarpus mandragora (Fric Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel ex A.Berger) A.D.Zimm. Liliaceae Tulipa turkestanica Regel Cactaceae Liliaceae Tulipa kolpakowskiana Regel See: Neolloydia mandragora (Fric Liliaceae Tulipa undulatifolia Boiss. ex A.Berger) E.F.Anderson Liliaceae Tulipa lanata Regel Turbinicarpus polaskii Backeb., ◆ Weed Liliaceae nom. inval. ◆ Weed - 3 Tulipa urumiensis Stapf Cactaceae Liliaceae = Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus Tulipa lehmanniana Merckl. ex Bunge (Boed.) Buxb. & Backeb. Liliaceae Tulipa urumoffii Hayek ◆ Weed - 3 Liliaceae Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele (Backeb.) Buxb. & Backeb. Tulipa linifolia Regel Tulipa vvedenskyi Botsch. Cactaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae See: Neolloydia pseudomacrochele = Tulipa albertii Regel Tulipa marjoletti Perr. & Song. (Backeb.) E.F.Anderson Liliaceae Tulipa whittallii (Dykes) A.D.Hall Turbinicarpus pseudopectinatus Liliaceae Tulipa maximowiczii Regel (Backeb.) Glass & R.C.Foster Liliaceae Tupidanthus calyptratus J.Hooker Cactaceae & Thompson See: Pelecyphora pseudopectinata Tulipa montana Lindl. Araliaceae Backeb. Liliaceae ◆ Weed Tupistra aurantiaca Baker Turbinicarpus roseiflorus Backeberg Convallariaceae Cactaceae Tulipa neustruevae Pobed. Liliaceae Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf. Turbinicarpus saueri (Boed.) V.John Convolvulaceae & Riha Tulipa orphanidea Boiss. ex Heldr. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Cactaceae Liliaceae See: Neolloydia saueri (Boed.) Turbinicarpus gautii (L.D.Benson) Tulipa platystigma Jordan F.M.Knuth A.D.Zimm. Liliaceae Cactaceae Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus (Boed.) T Tulipa polychroma Stapf See: Neolloydia beguinii Britton Buxb. & Backeb. Liliaceae & Rose Cactaceae See: Neolloydia schmiedickeana Turbinicarpus gielsdorfianus (Werderm.) Tulipa praecox Ten. (Boed.) E.F.Anderson, Turbinicarpus V.John & Riha Liliaceae polaskii Backeb. nom. inval., ◆ Cactaceae Weed Turbinicarpus schwarzii (Shurly) See: Gymnocactus gielsdorfianus Tulipa praestans Hoog Backeb. (Werderm.) Backeb., Neolloydia Liliaceae gielsdorfiana (Werderm.) F.M.Knuth Turbinicarpus schwarzii (Shurly) Backeb. Tulipa primulina Baker Cactaceae Turbinicarpus horripilus (Lem.) V.John Liliaceae = Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus & Riha (Boed.) Buxb. & Backeb. Tulipa pulchella Fenzl Cactaceae Liliaceae See: Gymnocactus horripilus (Lem.) Turbinicarpus subterraneus (Backeb.) Backeb., Neolloydia horripila (Lem.) A.D.Zimm. Tulipa rhodopea Velen. Britton & Rose Cactaceae Liliaceae See: Neolloydia subterranea (Backeb.) H.E.Moore

486 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Turbinicarpus valdezianus (H.Moller) Tweedia caerulea D.Don javanicum Miq. Glass & R.C.Foster Asclepiadaceae Araceae Cactaceae Tweedia coerulea D.Don ex Sweet Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott See: Neolloydia valdeziana (H.Moller) Asclepiadaceae Araceae E.F.Anderson = Oxypetalum coeruleum (D.Don) ◆ Weed - 3 Turbinicarpus viereckii (Werderm.) Decne. V.John & Riha ◆ Weed - 1A Cactaceae Tylecodon buchholzianus (Schuldt See: Gymnocactus viereckii & Steph.) Toelken (Werderm.) Backeb., Neolloydia Crassulaceae viereckii (Werderm.) F.M.Knuth Tylecodon paniculatus (L. f.) Tölken Turbinicarpus ysabelae (Schlange) Crassulaceae V.John & Riha ◆ Weed - 3 Cactaceae Tylecodon pearsonii (Schönland) Turbinicarpus zaragozae (Glass Toelken & R.C.Foster) Glass & A.Hofer Crassulaceae Cactaceae Tylecodon reticulatus (L. f.) Toelken Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult. Crassulaceae Turneraceae Tylecodon wallichii (Harv.) Toelken Turnera elegans Otto Crassulaceae Turneraceae ◆ Weed - 3 = Turnera ulmifolia L. glabriflora (Warb.) Schltr. Turnera subulata Sm. Asclepiadaceae Turneraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2A - 5A Tylosema esculentum (Burch.) A.Schreib. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Turnera ulmifolia L. = Bauhinia esculenta Burch. Turneraceae See: Turnera elegans Otto Tylosema fassoglense (Kotschy ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A ex Schweinf.) Torre & Hillc. Leguminosae - Caesalpiniaceae Turpinia arguta Seem. = Bauhinia fassoglensis Kotschy Staphyleaceae ex Schweinf. Turraea floribunda Hochst. angustifolia L. Meliaceae Turraea heterophylla Sm. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Meliaceae L. Turraea mombassana Hiern ex C.DC. Typhaceae Meliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4A - 5 Turraea obtusifolia Hochst. Typha laxmannii Lepech. Meliaceae Typhaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Turricula parryi (Gray) J.F.Macbr. Hydrophyllaceae Typha minima Funck Typhaceae Turrillia ferruginea (A.C.Sm.) A.C.Sm. ◆ Weed - 1 Proteaceae Typha orientalis C.Presl Turrillia lutea (Guillaumin) A.C.Sm. T Typhaceae Proteaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A Turritis glabra L. Typhonium blumei Nicolson & Sivadasan Brassicaceae Araceae See: Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Typhonium divaricatum (L.) Decne. Tussilago farfara L. Araceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Blume Tutcheria microcarpa Dunn Araceae Theaceae Typhonium giganteum Engl. Tutcheria spectabilis Dunn Araceae Theaceae ◆ Weed

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 487 T

488 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Ungnadia speciosa U Credit: G.A. Cooper Uebelmannia buiningii Donald Ulmus glabra Huds. Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy Cactaceae Ulmaceae Crassulaceae ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed Uebelmannia gummifera (Backeb. & Voll) Buining Ulmus glaucescens Franch. Uncaria gambier Roxb. Cactaceae Ulmaceae Rubiaceae Uebelmannia pectinifera Buining Ulmus X hollandica Mill. Uncarina abbreviata (Baill.) Ihlenf. Cactaceae Ulmaceae & Straka = Ulmus minor Mill. X Ulmus Pedaliaceae Uebelmannia pseudopectinifera Buining glabra Huds. Cactaceae Uncarina decaryi Humbert ◆ Weed - N - 1A Pedaliaceae Ugni candollei O.Berg Ulmus laevis Pall. Myrtaceae Uncarina leptocarpa (Baill.) Ihlenf. Ulmaceae & Straka Ugni molinae Turcz. ◆ Weed - 2 Pedaliaceae Myrtaceae Ulmus mexicana (Liebm.) Planch. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Uncarina peltata Stapf Ulmaceae Pedaliaceae Ugni montana (Benth.) O.Berg Ulmus minor Mill. Myrtaceae Uncarina perrieri Humbert Ulmaceae Pedaliaceae Ugni poeppigii O.Berg See: Ulmus angustifolia Moench, Myrtaceae Ulmus carpinifolia Gled. Uncarina roeoesliana W.Rauh ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 3 - 5 Pedaliaceae Ulex europaeus L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ulmus montana With. Uncarina stellulifera Humbert ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Ulmaceae Pedaliaceae Ulex minor Roth Jacq. Uncarina turicana J.J.Lavranos Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ulmaceae Pedaliaceae ◆ Weed See: Ulmus chinensis Pers. Uncinia egmontiana Hamlin ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 Ulex parviflorus Pourret Cyperaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Ulmus procera Salisb. Uncinia phleoides (Cav.) Pers. Ulmaceae Ulmus americana L. Cyperaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Ulmaceae Uncinia rubra Colenso ex Boott ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Ulmus propinqua Koidz. Cyperaceae Ulmaceae Ulmus angustifolia Moench Uncinia uncinata (L. f.) Kukenth. Ulmaceae Ulmus pumila L. Cyperaceae = Ulmus minor Mill. Ulmaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 Ungnadia speciosa Endl. Ulmus canescens Melville Sapindaceae Ulmaceae Ulmus rubra Muhl. Ulmaceae Uniola paniculata L. Ulmus carpinifolia Gled. ◆ Weed - 2 Poaceae Ulmaceae = Ulmus minor Mill. Ulmus sarniensis Lodd. Urbanolophium dusenianum Melch. ◆ Weed - 1 Ulmaceae Bignoniaceae Ulmus chinensis Pers. Ulmus stricta Lindl. Urceolina peruviana (C.Presl) J.F.Macbr. Ulmaceae Ulmaceae Liliaceae = Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. = Stenomesson miniatum (Herb.) Sarg. U Ravenna Ulmus crassifolia Nutt. Ulmaceae Ulmaceae ◆ Weed Urechites lutea (L.) Britton ◆ Weed Apocynaceae Ulmus vegeta (Loudon) Ley = Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F.Hansen Ulmus davidiana Planch. Ulmaceae & Wunderlin Ulmaceae Ulva fasciata Delile ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 1 Ulvaceae Urena lobata L. Ulmus X elegantissima Horwood ◆ Weed Malvaceae Ulmaceae Umbellularia californica (Hook. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 = Ulmus glabra Huds. X Ulmus plotii & Arn.) Nutt. Druce Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Griseb. Lauraceae Urticaceae ◆ Weed - 1 ◆ Weed - 1

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 489 Urginea altissima (L. f.) Baker Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.) Dandy anethoides (DC.) N.E.Br. Liliaceae Poaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 3 See: Urochloa pullulans Stapf nom. ◆ Weed illeg., Urochloa stolonifera (Gooss.) Urginea capitata (Hook.) Baker Ursinia anthemoides (L.) Poir. Chippind. Liliaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Urginea maritima (L.) Baker Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q.Nguyen Liliaceae Ursinia cakilefolia DC. Poaceae See: Scilla maritima L. Asteraceae See: Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Ursinia calenduliflora Benth. & Hook. f. Urocarpidium peruvianum (L.) Krapov. Asteraceae Urochloa oligotricha (Fig. & De Not.) Malvaceae Henrard Ursinia chrysanthemoides (Less. ◆ Weed Poaceae ex DC.) Harv. Urochloa advena (Vickery) R.D.Webster See: Urochloa bolbodes (Hochst. Asteraceae Poaceae ex Steud.) Stapf ◆ Weed - N - 3 See: Brachiaria advena Vickery ◆ Weed - N Ursinia nana DC. ◆ Weed - N Urochloa panicoides P.Beauv. Asteraceae Urochloa bolbodes (Hochst. ex Steud.) Poaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Stapf ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4 - 5 Ursinia paleacea Moench Poaceae Urochloa pullulans Stapf nom. illeg. Asteraceae = Urochloa oligotricha Poaceae (Fig. & De Not.) Henrard Ursinia sericea N.E.Br. = Urochloa mosambicensis ◆ Weed Asteraceae (Hack.) Dandy Urochloa brachyura (Hack.) Stapf ◆ Weed Ursinia speciosa DC. Poaceae Asteraceae Urochloa ramosa (L.) T.Q.Nguyen ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - N - 1A Poaceae Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) See: Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf Ursinia tenuiloba DC. R.D.Webster ◆ Weed - N Asteraceae Poaceae Urochloa ruziziensis (R.Germ. dioica L. See: Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. & C.M.Evrard) Morrone & Zuloaga Urticaceae ex A.Rich.) Stapf Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 5 See: Brachiaria ruziziensis R.Germ. Poir. Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) & C.M.Evrard Urticaceae R.D.Webster ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 ◆ Weed - Nn Poaceae Urochloa stolonifera (Gooss.) Chippind. See: Brachiaria decumbens Stapf L. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 5 Urticaceae = Urochloa mosambicensis ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Urochloa fasciculata (Sw.) R.D.Webster (Hack.) Dandy nom. illeg. Utleya costaricensis Wilbur & Luteyn Urochloa subquadripara (Trin.) Poaceae Ericaceae R.D.Webster = Urochloa fusca (Sw.) B.F.Hansen Poaceae arenaria A.DC. & Wunderlin See: Brachiaria subquadripara Lentibulariaceae ◆ Weed - 3 (Trin.) Hitchc. ◆ Weed Urochloa fusca (Sw.) B.F.Hansen ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 Utricularia bisquamata Schrank & Wunderlin Urochloa texana (Buckley) Lentibulariaceae Poaceae R.D.Webster See: Brachiaria fasciculata (Sw.) Utricularia capensis Spreng. Poaceae Parodi, Urochloa fasciculata (Sw.) Lentibulariaceae See: Brachiaria texana (Buckley) R.D.Webster nom. illeg. S.T.Blake Utricularia cornuta Michx. U ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - N Lentibulariaceae Urochloa humidicola (Rendle) Morrone Urospatha sagittifolia (Rudge) Schott Utricularia delicatula Cheesem. & Zuloaga Araceae Lentibulariaceae Poaceae See: Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) dalechampii (L.) Scop. Utricularia fibrosa Walt. Schweick. ex Schmidt Lentibulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 5 Asteraceae = Utricularia striata Le Conte ex Torr. ◆ Weed - N - 3 Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) Webster L. Poaceae Urospermum picroides (L.) Scop. Lentibulariaceae = Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) ex Schmidt ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 4 - 5 B.K.Simon & S.W.L.Jacobs Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Utricularia humboltii Schomb. Lentibulariaceae

490 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Utricularia inflata Walter Lentibulariaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 4 Utricularia livida E.Mey. Lentibulariaceae ◆ Weed Utricularia longifolia Gardner Lentibulariaceae Utricularia macrorhiza Le Conte Lentibulariaceae See: Utricularia vulgaris L. ◆ Weed - 3 Utricularia praelonga St.Hil. & Girard Lentibulariaceae Utricularia purpurea Walter Lentibulariaceae ◆ Weed Utricularia pygmaea R.Br. Lentibulariaceae Utricularia reniformis A.St.-Hil. Lentibulariaceae Utricularia sandersonii Oliv. Lentibulariaceae ◆ Weed Utricularia striata Le Conte ex Torr. Lentibulariaceae See: Utricularia fibrosa Walt. Utricularia tricolor St.Hil. Lentibulariaceae Utricularia vulgaris L. Lentibulariaceae = Utricularia macrorhiza Le Conte ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Uvaria microcarpa Champ. ex Benth. Annonaceae Uvularia grandiflora Sm. Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 2

U

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 491 U

492 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Vaccinium calycinum V Credit: Forest and Kim Starr Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert Vaccinium mortinia Benth. farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. Caryophyllaceae Ericaceae Leguminosae - Mimosaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - Nn Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx. Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton Ericaceae Valenzuelia trinervis Bert. ex Cambess. Ericaceae See: Vaccinium canadense Kalm Sapindaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ex Richardson Valeriana arizonica Gray ◆ Weed - 3 Vaccinium arboreum Marshall Valerianaceae Ericaceae Vaccinium myrtillus L. Valeriana jatamansi Jones ◆ Weed Ericaceae Valerianaceae ◆ Weed Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. Valeriana locusta L. Ericaceae Vaccinium nummularia Hook. f. Valerianaceae & Thomson ex C.B.Clarke Vaccinium ashei J.M.Reade = Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr. Ericaceae Ericaceae Valeriana officinalis L. = Vaccinium virgatum Aiton Vaccinium oldhamii Miq. Valerianaceae Ericaceae Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 Ericaceae Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. Valeriana prionophylla Standl. Ericaceae Vaccinium calycinum Sm. Valerianaceae ◆ Weed Ericaceae Valerianella discoidea (L.) Loisel. Vaccinium ovatum Pursh Vaccinium canadense Kalm Valerianaceae Ericaceae ex Richardson ◆ Weed - N - 3 ◆ Weed Ericaceae Valerianella eriocarpa Desv. = Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx. Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Valerianaceae Ericaceae Vaccinium consanguineum Klotzsch ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 See: Oxycoccus quadripetalus Gilib. Ericaceae ◆ Weed Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr. Vaccinium corymbosum L. Valerianaceae Vaccinium padifolium Sm. Ericaceae See: Valerianella olitoria (L.) Pollich Ericaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Vaccinium pallidum Aiton Vaccinium corymbosum L. X Vaccinium Valerianella muricata (Steven ex Roem. Ericaceae ashei J.M.Reade X Vaccinium & Schult.) M.Bieb. ex W.H.Baxter See: Vaccinium vacillans Kalm ex Torr. darrowi Camp. & Wooster ◆ Weed - 2 Ericaceae Valerianaceae Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. ◆ Weed - N Vaccinium cylindraceum Sm. Ericaceae Ericaceae Valerianella olitoria (L.) Pollich ◆ Weed Valerianaceae Vaccinium delavayi Franch. Vaccinium praestans Lamb. = Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr. Ericaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed Vaccinium duclouxii (H.Lèv.) Vaccinium stamineum L. Valerianella rimosa Bast. Hand.-Mazz. Ericaceae Valerianaceae Ericaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 Vaccinium floribundum Kunth Vaccinium uliginosum L. Vallaris glabra (L.) Kuntze Ericaceae Ericaceae Apocynaceae Vaccinium gaultheriifolium (Griff.) ◆ Weed Vallea stipularis L. f. Hook. f. ex C.B.Clarke Vaccinium vacillans Kalm ex Torr. Elaeocarpaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae americana Michx. V Vaccinium glaucoalbum Hook. f. = Vaccinium pallidum Aiton Hydrocharitaceae ex C.B.Clarke Vaccinium virgatum Aiton ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Ericaceae Ericaceae Vallisneria gigantea Graebn. Vaccinium hirtum Thunb. See: Vaccinium ashei J.M.Reade Hydrocharitaceae Ericaceae Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 5 Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton Ericaceae Vallisneria gigantea Graebn. Ericaceae ◆ Weed X Vallisneria spiralis L. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Hydrocharitaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 493 Vallisneria spiralis L. Vanda tricuspidata J.J.Sm. Vasconcellea X heilbornii (V.M.Badillo) Hydrocharitaceae Orchidaceae V.M.Badillo ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Caricaceae Vanda whiteana D.A.Herb. & S.T.Blake = Carica pubescens Lenné & K.Koch Vallota speciosa (L. f.) Voss Orchidaceae X Carica stipulata V.M.Badillo Amaryllidaceae Vandopsis gigantea (Lindl.) Pfitz. See: Carica pentagona Heilborn = Cyrtanthus elatus (L. f.) Traub Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Vatricania guentheri (Kupper) Backeb. Vandopsis lissochiloides (Gaudich.) Pfitz. Cactaceae Vancouveria hexandra (Hook.) Orchidaceae = Espostoa guentheri (Kupper) C.Morren & Decne. Buxb. ex Eggli Berberidaceae Vandopsis muelleri (Kraenzl.) Schltr. Orchidaceae Vauquelinia californica (Torr.) Sarg. Vanda amesiana Reichb. f. Rosaceae Orchidaceae Vandopsis parishii (Reichb. f.) Schlecht. See: Spiraea californica Torr. Orchidaceae Vanda bensoni Bateman Vavaea australiana S.T.Blake Orchidaceae Vangueria edulis (Vahl) Vahl Meliaceae Rubiaceae Vanda brunnea Rchb. f. = Vangueria madagascariensis Veillonia alba H.E.Moore Orchidaceae J.F.Gmel. Arecaceae Vanda coerulea Griff. ex Lindl. ◆ Weed Veitchia arecina Becc. Orchidaceae Vangueria esculenta S.Moore Arecaceae Vanda dearei Rchb. f. Rubiaceae Veitchia filifera (H.A.Wendl.) H.E.Moore Orchidaceae Vangueria infausta Burch. Arecaceae Vanda denisoniana Benson & Rchb. f. Rubiaceae Veitchia joannis H.Wendl. Orchidaceae Vanheerdia divergens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Arecaceae Vanda gibbsiae Rolfe Aizoaceae Veitchia macdanielsii H.E.Moore Orchidaceae Vanheerdia primosii L.Bolus Arecaceae Vanda kimballiana Rchb. f. Aizoaceae Veitchia merrillii (Becc.) H.E.Moore Orchidaceae Vanilla aphylla Blume Arecaceae Vanda lamellata Lindl. Orchidaceae = Adonidia merrillii (Becc.) Becc. Orchidaceae ◆ Weed Vanilla aromatica Swartz Vanda limbata Blume Orchidaceae Veitchia montgomeryana H.E.Moore Orchidaceae Arecaceae Vanilla dilloniana Correll Vanda lissochiloides (Gaudich.) Lindl. Orchidaceae Veitchia sessilifolia (Burret) H.E.Moore Orchidaceae Arecaceae Vanilla fragrans (Salisb.) Ames Vanda luzonica Loher ex Rolfe Orchidaceae Veitchia spiralis H.Wendl. Orchidaceae = Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews Arecaceae Vanda merrillii Ames & Quisumb. Vanilla mexicana Mill. Veitchia winin H.E.Moore Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed Vanda parviflora Lindl. Vellereophyton dealbatum (Thunb.) Orchidaceae Vanilla pilifera Holttum Hilliard & Burtt. Orchidaceae Asteraceae Vanda pumila Hook. f. See: Gnaphalium candidissimum Lam. Orchidaceae Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Orchidaceae Vanda sanderiana Rchb. f. See: Vanilla fragrans (Salisb.) Ames Vellozia equisetoides (Baker) Baker Orchidaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Velloziaceae Vanda scandens Holttum Vanilla pompona Schiede Veltheimia bracteata Harv. ex Baker Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Liliaceae Vanda spathulata (L.) Spreng. ◆ Weed See: Veltheimia viridifolia Jacq. Orchidaceae V Vanilla siamensis Rolfe ex Downie Veltheimia capensis (L.) DC. Vanda stangeana Rchb. f. Orchidaceae Liliaceae Orchidaceae Vanzijlia annulata L.Bolus Veltheimia viridifolia Jacq. Vanda teres (Roxb.) Lindl. Aizoaceae Liliaceae Orchidaceae = Veltheimia bracteata Harv. ex Baker Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis Vanda teres (Roxb.) Lindl. X Vanda V.M.Badillo Venidium fastuosum (Jacq.) Stapf hookeriana Rchb. f. Caricaceae Asteraceae Orchidaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Vepris lanceolata (Lam.) G.Don Rutaceae

494 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Vepris undulata Comm. Verbascum phlomoides L. Verbena incompta P.W.Michael Rutaceae Scrophulariaceae Verbenaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Veratrum album L. Liliaceae Verbascum phoeniceum L. Verbena incompta P.W.Michael ◆ Weed - 3 Scrophulariaceae X Kunth ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Verbenaceae Veratrum californicum Durand ◆ Weed - N Liliaceae Verbascum pulverulentum Vill. ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae Verbena laciniata (L.) Briq. ◆ Weed Verbenaceae Veratrum nigrum L. Liliaceae Verbascum pyramidatum M.Bieb. Verbena litoralis Kunth ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae Verbenaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Veratrum viride Aiton Liliaceae Verbascum sinuatum L. Verbena officinalis L. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Scrophulariaceae Verbenaceae ◆ Weed - N ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Verbascum adzharicum R.I.Gritz. Scrophulariaceae Verbascum spinosum L. Verbena patagonica Speg. Scrophulariaceae Verbenaceae Verbascum arcturus L. Scrophulariaceae Verbascum thapsus L. Verbena peruviana (L.) Britton = Celsia arcturus (L.) Jacq. Scrophulariaceae Verbenaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 = Glandularia peruviana (L.) Small Verbascum blattaria L. ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae Verbascum virgatum Stokes ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Scrophulariaceae Verbena quadrangularis Vell. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A Verbenaceae Verbascum boerhavii L. ◆ Weed - N Scrophulariaceae Verbena africana (R.Fern. & Verdc.) ◆ Weed P.W.Michael Verbena rigida Spreng. Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Verbascum bombyciferum Boiss. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Scrophulariaceae Verbena aristigera S.Moore ◆ Weed - 2 Verbenaceae Verbena supina L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Verbenaceae Verbascum chaixii Vill. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Scrophulariaceae L. ◆ Weed - 2 Verbenaceae Verbena tenera Spreng. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Verbenaceae Verbascum creticum (L.) Cav. = Glandularia tenera (Spreng.) Scrophulariaceae Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Cabrera ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 Verbenaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 5 Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. Verbena tenuisecta Briq. Scrophulariaceae Verbena caracasana Kunth Verbenaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Verbenaceae = Glandularia aristigera (S.Moore) ◆ Weed - N - 3A Verbascum dumulosum P.H.Davis & Tronc. Hub.-Mor. X Verbascum spinosum L. Verbena chamaedryfolia Juss. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3A Scrophulariaceae Verbenaceae Verbena urticifolia L. ◆ Weed Verbascum epixanthinum Boiss., Heldr. Verbenaceae & Murb. Verbena hastata L. ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 Scrophulariaceae Verbenaceae Verbena venosa Gillies & Hook. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Verbascum longifolium Ten. Verbenaceae Scrophulariaceae Verbena hispida (Ruiz & Pavón) Ruiz ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed & Pavón Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton Verbenaceae Verbascum lychnitis L. ex Kearney = Glandularia hispida Ruiz & Pavón Scrophulariaceae Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3A V ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 See: Actinomeris alternifolia (L.) DC. Verbena X hybrida Groenl. & Rumpler ◆ Weed - 5 Verbascum nigrum L. Verbenaceae Scrophulariaceae Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. = Verbena incisa Hook. X Verbena ◆ Weed - 3 & Hook. f. ex A.Gray peruviana (L.) Britton X Verbena Asteraceae Verbascum niveum Ten. phlogiflora Cham. X Verbena ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A Scrophulariaceae teucroides Gilles & Hook. [probable parents] Verbesina virginica L. Verbascum olympicum Boiss. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Asteraceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 495 Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw Veronica arvensis L. Veronica latifolia L. nom. ambig. Euphorbiaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae See: Aleurites fordii Hemsl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 = Veronica austriaca L. ssp. teucrium ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 (L.) D.A.Webb Veronica austriaca L. Vernicia montana Lour. Scrophulariaceae Veronica lobelioides Druce Euphorbiaceae See: Veronica latifolia L. nom. ambig. Scrophulariaceae See: Aleurites montana (Lour.) ◆ Weed - 2 Veronica longifolia L. E.H.Wilson Veronica bachofenii Heuff. Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 altissima Nutt. ◆ Weed - 2 Veronica longifolia L. X Veronica Asteraceae = Vernonia gigantea (Walter) Trel. Veronica beccabunga L. spicata L. ex Branner & Coville Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ ◆ ◆ Weed - 3 Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Weed Vernonia arkansana DC. Veronica bellidioides L. Veronica lyallii Hook. f. Asteraceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae See: Vernonia crinita Raf. Veronica catarractae G.Forst. Veronica morrisonicola Hayata ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Veronica catenata Pennell Veronica nana Pennell Asteraceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae = (L.) H.Rob. ◆ Weed - N - 1A ◆ Weed - Nn - 3 - 5 Veronica nummularia Gouan Veronica chamaedrys L. Scrophulariaceae Vernonia crinita Raf. Scrophulariaceae Veronica officinalis L. Asteraceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 3 = Vernonia arkansana DC. Scrophulariaceae Veronica dichrus Schott & Kotschy ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 Vernonia elaeagnifolia DC. Scrophulariaceae Asteraceae Veronica ornata Monjuschko ◆ Weed Veronica filifolia Lipsky Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Vernonia elliptica DC. Veronica peduncularis Bieb. Asteraceae Veronica filiformis Sm. Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 Vernonia gigantea (Walter) Trel. Veronica peregrina L. ex Branner & Coville Veronica formosana Masam. Scrophulariaceae Asteraceae Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 See: Vernonia altissima Nutt. Veronica forrestii Diels Veronica perfoliata R.Br. ◆ Weed - 3 Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Vernonia glabra (Steetz) Vatke Veronica fruticans Jacq. Veronica persica Poir. Asteraceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Vernonia junghuhniana J.Kost. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 Asteraceae Veronica fruticulosa L. Veronica petraea Stev. ◆ Weed - N Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Vernonia mespilifolia Less. Veronica gentianoides Vahl Veronica plebeia R.Br. Asteraceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - Nn Asteraceae Veronica grandis Fisch. ex Spreng. Veronica prostrata L. ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Vernonia patula (Aiton) Merr. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Asteraceae Veronica gunae Schweinf. ex Engl. Veronica repens Clarion ex DC. ◆ Weed - 3 Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae V Vernonia pedunculata DC. See: Veronica reptans D.H.Kent Veronica hederifolia L. Asteraceae nom. illeg. Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed Veronica agrestis L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Scrophulariaceae Veronica reptans D.H.Kent nom. illeg. Veronica incana L. ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae = Veronica repens Clarion ex DC. Veronica alpina L. Veronica kemulariae A.Kuthath Scrophulariaceae Veronica saturejoides Vis. Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Scrophulariaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A - 2 - 3

496 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Veronica scutellata L. Viburnum acerifolium L. Viburnum dentatum L. Scrophulariaceae Adoxaceae Adoxaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 See: Viburnum recognitum Fernald ◆ Weed Veronica serpyllifolia L. Viburnum alnifolium Marshall Scrophulariaceae Adoxaceae Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 = Hydrangea arborescens L. Adoxaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 1 Veronica spicata L. Scrophulariaceae Viburnum atrocyaneum C.B.Clarke Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf. ◆ Weed Adoxaceae Adoxaceae Veronica subsessilis (Miq.) Carrière Viburnum awabuki Berol. ex K.Koch Viburnum erosum Thunb. Scrophulariaceae Adoxaceae Adoxaceae = Viburnum odoratissimum Ker Veronica teucrium L. Viburnum erubescens Wall. ex DC. Gawl. var. awabuki (K.Koch) Zabel Scrophulariaceae Adoxaceae Viburnum betulifolium Batalin Veronica urticifolia Jacq. Viburnum farreri Stearn Adoxaceae Scrophulariaceae Adoxaceae ◆ Weed Viburnum bitchiuense Makino See: Viburnum fragrans Bunge Adoxaceae nom. illeg. Veronica variegata Vis. ◆ Weed - 2 Scrophulariaceae Viburnum X bodnantense Aberc. Adoxaceae Viburnum flavescens W.W.Sm. Veronica virginica L. = Viburnum farreri Stearn X Adoxaceae Scrophulariaceae Viburnum grandiflorum Wallich. = Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. Viburnum foetidum Wall. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Adoxaceae Viburnum buddleifolium C.H.Wright Veronicastrum latifolium (Hemsl.) Viburnum fordiae Hance. Adoxaceae T.Yamaz. Adoxaceae ◆ Weed Scrophulariaceae Viburnum fragrans Bunge nom. illeg. Viburnum burejaeticum Regel & Herder Veronicastrum sibiricum (L.) Pennell Adoxaceae Adoxaceae Scrophulariaceae = Viburnum farreri Stearn ◆ Weed Viburnum X burkwoodii Burkwood Viburnum furcatum Blume ex Maxim. & Skipwith Veronicastrum stenostachyum Adoxaceae Adoxaceae (Hemsl.) T.Yamaz. = Viburnum carlesii Hemsl. Viburnum X globosum Coombes Scrophulariaceae X Viburnum utile Hemsl. Adoxaceae Veronicastrum villosulum (Miq.) = Viburnum davidii Franch. X Viburnum calvum Rehder T.Yamaz. Viburnum lobophyllum Graebn. Adoxaceae Scrophulariaceae Viburnum harryanum Rehder Viburnum X carlcephalum Burkwood Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. Adoxaceae ex R.B.Pike Scrophulariaceae Adoxaceae Viburnum henryi Hemsl. See: Veronica virginica L. = Viburnum carlesii Hemsl. X Adoxaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Viburnum macrocephalum Fortune Viburnum X hillieri Stearn Verschaffeltia splendida H.Wendl. Viburnum carlesii Hemsl. Adoxaceae ex Lem. Adoxaceae = Viburnum erubescens Wall. Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 1 ex DC. X Viburnum henryi Hemsl. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 Viburnum cassinoides L. Viburnum hirtulum Rehder Verticordia monadelpha Turcz. Adoxaceae Adoxaceae Myrtaceae = Viburnum nudum L. var. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Viburnum hupehense Rehder cassinoides (L.) Torr. & Gray Adoxaceae Vesicularia dubyana Fleischer Viburnum coriaceum Blume Hypnaceae Viburnum ichangense (Hemsl.) Rehder Adoxaceae Adoxaceae Vestia foetida (Ruiz & Pav.) Hoffm. Viburnum cotinifolium D.Don V Solanaceae Viburnum japonicum (Thunb.) Spreng. Adoxaceae ◆ Weed Adoxaceae Viburnum cylindricum Buch.-Ham. ◆ Weed Vestia lycioides Willd. ex D.Don Solanaceae Viburnum X juddii Rehder Adoxaceae Adoxaceae Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash Viburnum davidii Franch. = Viburnum bitchiuense Makino Poaceae Adoxaceae X Viburnum carlesii Hemsl. = Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty Viburnum lantana L. ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Adoxaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 497 Viburnum lantana L. X Viburnum Viburnum X rhytidophylloides Vicia benghalensis L. rhytidophyllum Hemsl. J.V.Suringar Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Adoxaceae Adoxaceae See: Vicia atropurpurea Desf. See: Viburnum X rhytidophylloides = Viburnum lantana L. X Viburnum ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3A J.V.Suringar rhytidophyllum Hemsl. Vicia cracca L. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Viburnum lantanoides Michx. Viburnum rhytidophyllum Hemsl. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Adoxaceae Adoxaceae Vicia disperma DC. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Viburnum lentago L. Viburnum rigidum Vent. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Adoxaceae Adoxaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd. Viburnum rufidulum Raf. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Viburnum lobophyllum Graebn. Adoxaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Adoxaceae ◆ Weed Vicia faba L. Viburnum luzonicum Rolfe Viburnum sargentii Koehne Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Adoxaceae Adoxaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 = Viburnum opulus L. var. sargentii Viburnum macrocephalum Fortune Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray (Koehne) Takeda Adoxaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed Viburnum sempervirens K.Koch ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Adoxaceae Viburnum mongolicum (Pall.) Rehder Vicia monantha Retz. Adoxaceae Viburnum setigerum Hance Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Viburnum nudum L. Adoxaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A ◆ Weed Adoxaceae Vicia narbonensis L. See: Viburnum cassinoides L. Viburnum sieboldii Miq. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Viburnum obovatum Walt. Adoxaceae Weed - 3 ◆ Weed - 1 Adoxaceae Vicia sativa L. Viburnum odoratissimum Ker Gawl. Viburnum suspensum Lindl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Adoxaceae Adoxaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - N See: Viburnum awabuki Berol. Vicia sylvatica L. ex K.Koch Viburnum tinus L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 5 Adoxaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Viburnum opulus L. Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. Adoxaceae Viburnum tomentosum Thunb., Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Viburnum sargentii Koehne, nom. illeg. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3A Viburnum trilobum Marshall Adoxaceae ◆ Vicia villosa Roth Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 = Viburnum plicatum Thunb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae var. tomentosum Miq. Viburnum orientale Pall. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 5 Adoxaceae Viburnum trilobum Marshall Victoria amazonica (Poepp.) Adoxaceae Viburnum phlebotrichum Sieb. & Zucc. J.C.Sowerby = Viburnum opulus L. var. Adoxaceae Nymphaeaceae americanum Ait. See: Victoria regia Lindl. Viburnum plicatum Thunb. ◆ Weed - 2 Adoxaceae Victoria regia Lindl. Viburnum urceolatum Sieb. & Zucc. See: Viburnum tomentosum Thunb. Nymphaeaceae nom. illeg. Adoxaceae = Victoria amazonica (Poepp.) ◆ Weed - 1 Viburnum utile Hemsl. J.C.Sowerby Viburnum prunifolium L. Adoxaceae Vieraea laevigata (Willd.) Webb Adoxaceae Viburnum veitchii C.H.Wright Asteraceae ◆ Weed Adoxaceae Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal Viburnum punctatum Buch.-Ham. V Viburnum wrightii Miq. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ex D.Don Adoxaceae Adoxaceae Vigna adenantha (G.Mey.) Marechal, Vicia articulata Hornem. Mascherpa & Stainier Viburnum rafinesquianum Schult. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Adoxaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 See: Phaseolus adenanthus G.Mey. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Vicia atropurpurea Desf. Viburnum recognitum Fernald Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Vigna ambacensis Welw. ex Baker Adoxaceae = Vicia benghalensis L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Viburnum dentatum L. var. ◆ Weed lucidum Ait. ◆ Weed - 2

498 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi Villaresia mucronata Ruiz & Pav. delphinifolia Nutt. & H.Ohashi Icacinaceae Violaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae L. Viola dissecta Ledeb. ◆ Weed Apocynaceae Violaceae Vigna caracalla (L.) Verdc. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4 - 5 Viola dubyana Burnat ex Gremli Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Vinca minor L. Violaceae See: Phaseolus caracalla L. Apocynaceae ◆ Weed - N Viola eizanensis (Makino) Makino ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Violaceae Vigna hosei (Craib) Backer Vinca rosea L. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Viola elatior Fr. Apocynaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Violaceae = (L.) G.Don Vigna lasiocarpa (Mart. ex Benth.) Verdc. ◆ Weed - 2A Viola faurieana W.Becker Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Viola adunca Sm. Violaceae Vigna linearis (Kunth) Marechal, Violaceae Viola flettii Piper Mascherpa & Stainier Viola aethnensis Parl. Violaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Violaceae Viola gracilis Sm. See: Phaseolus linearis Kunth Viola alba Besser Violaceae Vigna membranacea A.Rich. Violaceae Viola grayi Franch. & Sav. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Viola alpina Jacq. Violaceae Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Violaceae Viola grypoceras A.Gray Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Violaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A Viola altaica Ker Gawl. ◆ Violaceae Weed Vigna parkeri Baker Labill. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Viola arborescens L. Violaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 Violaceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 2A Vigna peduncularis (Kunth) Fawc. Viola arenaria DC. Viola hirta L. & Rendle Violaceae Violaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Viola arvensis Murray See: Viola pallida Salisb. See: Phaseolus peduncularis Kunth Violaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Viola hirtipes S.Moore Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Viola arvensis Murray X Viola tricolor L. ◆ Violaceae Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 Violaceae Viola hirtipes S.Moore X Viola Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi ex Hassk. ◆ Weed japonica Langsd. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Viola bertolonii Salis Violaceae = Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Violaceae Viola japonica Langsd. Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. Viola biflora L. Violaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Violaceae ◆ Weed - 3 See: Voandzeia subterranea (L.) ◆ Weed - 2 Thouars ex DC. Viola jooi Janka Viola canina L. Violaceae Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc. Violaceae ◆ Weed Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Viola sylvestris Lam. See: Phaseolus trilobatus (L.) ◆ Weed Viola kitaibeliana Roem. & Schult. Schreb., Phaseolus trilobus auct. Violaceae ◆ Weed - N Viola chaerophylloides (Regel) W.Becker ◆ Weed - 3 - 5 Violaceae Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi ◆ Weed - 3 Viola labradorica Schrank & H.Ohashi Violaceae Viola cornuta Desf. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - 2 See: Phaseolus calcaratus Roxb. Violaceae ◆ Viola lutea Hudson ◆ Weed - N - 1A Weed - 2 Violaceae Viola corsica Nyman V Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ◆ Weed - 2 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Violaceae Viola lyallii Hook. f. See: Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi ex Viola crassa Makino Violaceae Hassk. Violaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3 - 5 Viola magellanica G.Forst. Viola cucullata Aiton Violaceae Vigna vexillata (L.) A.Rich. Violaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae See: Viola obliqua Hill Viola mandshurica W.Becker ◆ Weed - N - 3 ◆ Weed - 2 Violaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Villamilla peruviana (Moquin) Hook. f. Viola delphinantha Boiss. Phytolaccaceae Violaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 499 Viola monochroa Klokov Viola sororia Willd. Visnea mocanera L. f. Violaceae Violaceae Theaceae See: Viola papilionacea Pursh Viola nummulariifolia Vill. Vitex agnus-castus L. Viola septentrionalis Greene Violaceae Lamiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 1 Viola obliqua Hill Viola suavis M.Bieb. Violaceae Vitex cannabifolia Sieb. & Zucc. Violaceae = Viola cucullata Aiton Lamiaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Viola sylvestris Lam. Viola odorata L. Vitex carvalhi Gürke Violaceae Violaceae Lamiaceae = Viola canina L. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 Vitex glabrata R.Br. Viola tricolor L. Viola orphanidis Boiss. Lamiaceae Violaceae Violaceae ◆ Weed - Nn ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Viola pallida Salisb. Vitex lucens Kirk Viola triloba Schwein. Violaceae Lamiaceae Violaceae = Viola hirta L. ◆ Weed = Viola palmata L. Viola palmata L. ◆ Weed Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Violaceae Moldenke Viola valdiviana Kalela See: Viola triloba Schwein. Lamiaceae Violaceae ◆ Weed Vitex negundo L. Viola verecunda A.Gray Viola palustris L. Lamiaceae Violaceae Violaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed ◆ Weed Vitex paniculata Lam. Viola X wittrockiana Gams Viola papilionacea Pursh Lamiaceae Violaceae Violaceae = Viola tricolor L. X Viola lutea Vitex trifolia L. = Viola sororia Willd. Huds. X Viola altaica Ker Gawl. Lamiaceae ◆ Weed [most probable combination] ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 - 3 Viola patrinii Ging. ◆ Weed - 2 - 5 Vitis amurensis Rupr. Violaceae Viola yedoensis Mak. Vitaceae ◆ Weed Violaceae Vitis berlandieri Planch. Viola pedata L. ◆ Weed - 3 Vitaceae Violaceae Viola yezoensis Maxim. = Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard ◆ Weed Violaceae var. halleri (Bailey) M.O.Moore Viola pedatifida G.Don Virgilia capensis (L.) Poir. Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard. Violaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Vitaceae Viola pubescens Aiton = Virgilia oroboides (P.J.Bergius) See: Vitis berlandieri Planch. Violaceae T.M.Salter Vitis cirrhosa Thunb. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Vitaceae Viola reichenbachiana Jord. ex Boreau Virgilia divaricata Adamson Vitis coignetiae Pulliat ex Planch. Violaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Vitaceae ◆ Weed Virgilia oroboides (P.J.Bergius) T.M.Salter ◆ Weed - 2 Viola riviniana Rchb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Vitis congesta Baker Violaceae See: Virgilia capensis (L.) Poir. Vitaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A ◆ Weed - 3 Vitis flexuosa Thunb. Viola rubella Cav. Virola peruviana (A.DC.) Warb. Vitaceae Violaceae Myristicaceae Vitis labrusca L. Viola rubra Aubl. ex Steud. Virotia neurophylla Guillaumin Vitaceae Violaceae comb. ined V ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 Proteaceae Viola rupestris F.W.Schmidt Vitis persica Boiss. Violaceae Viscainoa geniculata Greene Vitaceae ◆ Weed Zygophyllaceae Vitis riparia Michx. Viola senamiensis Nakai Viscaria vulgaris Bernh. Vitaceae Violaceae Caryophyllaceae ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 - 5 = Silene viscaria (L.) Jess. Viola septentrionalis Greene Vitis rotundifolia Michx. Violaceae album L. Vitaceae = Viola sororia Willd. ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 - 5

500 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Vitis rupestris Scheele Vriesea correia-araujoi Pereira & Penna Vriesea leucophylla L.B.Sm. Vitaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 5 = Werauhia leucophylla (L.B.Smith) Vriesea cryptantha Baker J.R.Grant Vitis striata (Ruiz & Pav.) Miq. Bromeliaceae Vitaceae = Vriesea chrysostachys E.Morr. Vriesea X mariae André Bromeliaceae Vitis thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc. Vriesea discolor (Mez & Wercklé) = Vriesea carinata Wawra X Vriesea Vitaceae L.B.Sm. & Pittendr. barilletii E.Morr. Bromeliaceae Vitis vinifera L. Vriesea marnier-lapostollei L.B.Sm. Vitaceae Vriesea elata (Baker) L.B.Sm. Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 Bromeliaceae Vriesea muelleri Mez Vitis vulpina L. Vriesea ensiformis (Vell.) Beer Bromeliaceae Vitaceae Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Vriesea nephrolepis L.B.Sm. & Pittendr. Vriesea erythrodactylon (E.Morr.) Bromeliaceae Vitis welwitschii Baker E.Morr. ex Mez Vitaceae Bromeliaceae Vriesea ospinae H.Luther Bromeliaceae Vittadinia australis A.Rich. Vriesea espinosae (L.B.Sm.) Gilmartin Asteraceae Bromeliaceae Vriesea pastuchoffiana Glaziou ex Mez ◆ Weed Bromeliaceae Vriesea fenestralis Linden & André Vittadinia cuneata DC. Bromeliaceae Vriesea petropolitana L.B.Smith Asteraceae Bromeliaceae Vriesea flammea L.B.Smith ◆ Weed - Nn = Vriesea heterostachys (Baker) Bromeliaceae L.B.Smith Vittadinia gracilis (Hook. f.) N.T.Burb. Vriesea fosteriana L.B.Smith Asteraceae Vriesea philippo-coburgi Wawra Bromeliaceae ◆ Weed - Nn Bromeliaceae Vriesea geniculata (Wawra) Wawra africana Stapf Vriesea platynema Gaudich. Bromeliaceae Apocynaceae Bromeliaceae Vriesea gigantea Gaudich. Voacanga schweinfurthii Stapf Vriesea procera (Mart. ex Schult. f.) Bromeliaceae Apocynaceae Wittmack Vriesea gladioliflora (Wendl.) Antoine Bromeliaceae Voandzeia subterranea (L.) Thouars Bromeliaceae ex DC. Vriesea psittacina (Hook.) Lindl. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Vriesea glaziouana Lem. Bromeliaceae = Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. Bromeliaceae Vriesea racinae L.B.Smith ◆ Weed Vriesea glutinosa Lindl. Bromeliaceae Voanioala gerardii J.Dransf. Bromeliaceae Vriesea rauhii L.B.Sm. Arecaceae Vriesea gradata (Baker) Mez Bromeliaceae Vochysia ferruginea (Sprengel) Mart. Bromeliaceae Vriesea regina (Vell.) Beer Vochysiaceae Vriesea guttata Linden & André Bromeliaceae (Vriesea incurvata Gaudich. X Vriesea Bromeliaceae Vriesea reitzii Leme & A.Costa duvaliana E.Morr.) X (Vriesea barilletii Vriesea heterandra (André) L.B.Smith Bromeliaceae E.Morr. X Vriesea incurvata Gaudich. ) Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Vriesea rodigasiana E.Morr. Vriesea heterostachys (Baker) L.B.Smith Bromeliaceae Vriesea aurea Baker Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Vriesea rubyae E.Pereira See: Vriesea petropolitana L.B.Smith = Vriesea chrysostachys E.Morr. Bromeliaceae Vriesea hieroglyphica (Carrière) E.Morr. Vriesea bituminosa Wawra Vriesea saundersii (Carrière) E.Morr. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae ex Mez Vriesea imperialis Carriére Bromeliaceae Vriesea carinata Wawra Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Vriesea scalaris E.Morr. V Vriesea incurvata Gaudich. Bromeliaceae Vriesea chrysostachys E.Morr. Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Vriesea schwackeana Mez See: Tillandsia chrysostachys Vriesea jonghei (C.Koch) E.Morr. Bromeliaceae (E.Morren) Baker, Tillandsia Bromeliaceae Vriesea splendens (Brongn.) Lem. cryptantha Baker, Tillandsia Vriesea joyae E.Pereira & Penna Bromeliaceae trinitensis Baker, Vriesea aurea Bromeliaceae See: Tillandsia splendens Brongn. Baker, Vriesea cryptantha Baker Vriesea languida L.B.Smith Vriesea sucrei L.B.Smith & R.W.Read Vriesea corcovadensis (Britten) Mez Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 501 Vriesea tuerckheimii (Mez) L.B.Smith Bromeliaceae Vriesea unilateralis (Baker) Mez Bromeliaceae Vriesea vagans (L.B.Smith) L.B.Smith Bromeliaceae Vriesea zamorensis (L.B.Smith) L.B.Smith Bromeliaceae Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5 Vulpia ciliata Dumort. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Vulpia fasciculata (Forssk.) Fritsch Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Vulpia membranacea (L.) Dumort. Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Vulpia muralis (Kunth) Nees Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 5

V

502 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Wilkesia gymnoxiphium W Credit: Forest and Kim Starr brachyandra W.F.Barker Waterhousia floribunda (F.Müell.) knysnana L.Bolus Haemodoraceae B.Hyland. Iridaceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - 1A Wachendorfia paniculata L. ◆ Weed Haemodoraceae Watsonia laccata (Jacq.) Ker Gawl. ◆ Weed - N Watsonia aletroides (Burm. f.) Ker Gawl. Iridaceae Iridaceae Wachendorfia thyrsiflora Burm. Watsonia latifolia N.E.Br. ex Oberm. ◆ Weed - N - 1A Haemodoraceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N Watsonia aletroides (Burm. f.) Ker Watsonia leipoldtii L.Bolus Gawl. X Watsonia coccinea Herb. Wahlenbergia capensis (L.) A.DC. Iridaceae ex Baker Campanulaceae = (L.) Mill. Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A ◆ Weed - N Watsonia angusta Ker Gawl. Wahlenbergia congesta (Cheeseman) Watsonia lepida N.E.Br. Iridaceae N.E.Br. Iridaceae Campanulaceae Watsonia ardernei Sander (L. f.) Ker Gawl. Iridaceae Wahlenbergia marginata (Thunb.) Iridaceae = Watsonia borbonica (Pourr.) A.DC. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Goldblatt ‘Arderne’s White’ Campanulaceae ◆ Weed Watsonia marginata (L. f.) Ker Gawl. ◆ Weed X Watsonia borbonica (Pourret) Watsonia beatricis J.W.Mathews Wahlenbergia undulata (L. f.) A.DC. Goldblatt & L.Bolus Campanulaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - 2 Watsonia meriana (L.) Mill. Walafrida densiflora Rolfe Iridaceae Watsonia borbonica (Pourr.) Goldblatt Scrophulariaceae See: Watsonia bulbillifera Iridaceae = Selago densiflora Rolfe ex Schinz J.W.Mathews & L.Bolus, Watsonia See: Watsonia ardernei Sander, leipoldtii L.Bolus Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt. Watsonia obrienii (N.E.Br.) ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4A Rosaceae C.G.van Tubergen., Watsonia ◆ Weed - 2 pyramidata (Andrews) Klatt, Watsonia occulta L.Bolus Watsonia wordsworthiana Iridaceae Waldsteinia ternata (Stephan) Fritsch J.W.Mathews & L.Bolus Rosaceae Watsonia obrienii (N.E.Br.) C.G.van ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ◆ Weed - 2 Tubergen. Watsonia brevifolia Ker Gawl. Iridaceae Walleria nutans J.Kirk Iridaceae = Watsonia borbonica (Pourr.) Liliaceae Goldblatt Watsonia bulbillifera J.W.Mathews Wallichia densiflora Mart. & L.Bolus Watsonia pillansii L.Bolus Arecaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae Wallichia disticha T.Anders. = Watsonia meriana (L.) Mill. var. Watsonia pulchra N.E.Br. ex Goldblatt Arecaceae bulbillifera (J.W.Mathews & L.Bolus) Iridaceae ◆ Weed D.A.Cooke ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 4A Watsonia pyramidata (Andrews) Klatt Wallichia siamensis Becc. Iridaceae Arecaceae Watsonia coccinea Herb. ex Baker = Watsonia borbonica (Pourr.) Iridaceae Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch Goldblatt Rubiaceae Watsonia densiflora Baker Watsonia rosea Banks ex Ker Gawl. Iridaceae Wasabia japonica (Miq.) Matsum. Iridaceae Brassicaceae Watsonia galpinii L.Bolus Watsonia roseo-alba Ker Gawl. Iridaceae Washingtonia filifera (Linden ex André) Iridaceae H.Wendl. Watsonia humilis Mill. = Watsonia humilis Mill. Arecaceae Iridaceae W Watsonia schlechteri L.Bolus ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 5 See: Watsonia rosea Banks Iridaceae ex Ker Gawl. Washingtonia robusta H.Wendl. Watsonia spectabilis Schinz Arecaceae Watsonia hysterantha J.W.Mathews Iridaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A & L.Bolus Iridaceae Watsonia stenosiphon L.Bolus Iridaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 503 Watsonia strictiflora Ker Gawl. Weberocereus imitans (Kimnach Weigela X wagneri L.H.Bailey Iridaceae & Hutchison) D.R.Hunt Diervillaceae Cactaceae = (Weigela coraeensis Thunb. X Watsonia strubeniae L.Bolus Weigela florida (Bunge) A.DC.) X Iridaceae Weberocereus rosei (Kimnach) Buxb. Weigela middendorffiana (Carrière) Cactaceae Watsonia tabularis J.W.Mathews K.Koch See: Eccremocactus rosei Kimnach & L.Bolus Weingartia kargliana Rausch Iridaceae Weberocereus tonduzii (F.A.C.Weber) Cactaceae G.D.Rowley Watsonia transvaalensis Baker Cactaceae Weingartia lanata F.Ritter Iridaceae Cactaceae Wedelia glauca (Ortega) O.Hoffm. Watsonia vanderspuyiae L.Bolus = Rebutia neocumingii (Backeb.) ex Hicken Iridaceae D.R.Hunt Asteraceae Watsonia versfeldii J.F.Mathews = Pascalia glauca Ortega Weingartia multispina F.Ritter & L.Bolus ◆ Weed - 1A - 3 - 5 Cactaceae Iridaceae = Rebutia neocumingii (Backeb.) Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A D.R.Hunt Asteraceae Watsonia watsonioides (Baker) = Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski Weingartia neocumingii Backeb. Oberm. ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Cactaceae Iridaceae = Rebutia neocumingii (Backeb.) Weigela amabilis (Carrière) Hook. D.R.Hunt Watsonia wilmaniae J.W.Mathews Diervillaceae & L.Bolus = Weigela florida (Bunge) A.DC. Weingartia oligacantha F.H.Brandt Iridaceae Cactaceae Weigela coraeensis Thunb. Watsonia wordsworthiana Diervillaceae Weinmannia pinnata L. J.W.Mathews & L.Bolus ◆ Weed Cunoniaceae Iridaceae Weigela decora (Nakai) Nakai Weinmannia racemosa L. f. = Watsonia borbonica (Pourr.) Diervillaceae Cunoniaceae ssp. ardernei (Sander) Goldblatt ◆ Weed - N Weigela floribunda (Sieb. & Zucc.) Weinmannia sylvicola A.Cunn. K.Koch Cunoniaceae Watsonia zeyheri L.Bolus Diervillaceae Iridaceae Weinmannia trichosperma Cav. ◆ Weed Cunoniaceae Weberbauerocereus fascicularis Weigela florida (Bunge) A.DC. (Meyen) Backeb. Welfia georgii H.Wendl. ex Burret Diervillaceae Cactaceae Arecaceae See: Diervilla florida (Bunge) Siebold Weberbauerocereus johnsonii F.Ritter & Zucc., Weigela amabilis (Carrière) Welfia regia Mast. Cactaceae Hook., Weigela rosea Lindl. Arecaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Weberbauerocereus longicomus Welwitschia mirabilis Hook. f. F.Ritter Weigela hortensis (Sieb. & Zucc.) Welwitschiaceae Cactaceae K.Koch Werauhia kupperiana (Suess.) Diervillaceae Weberbauerocereus seyboldianus J.R.Grant ◆ Weed Rauh & Backeb. Bromeliaceae Cactaceae Weigela japonica Thunb. Werauhia leucophylla (L.B.Smith) = Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri Diervillaceae J.R.Grant (Schumann ex Vaupel) Backeb. ◆ Weed Bromeliaceae Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri Weigela maximowiczii (S.Moore) See: Vriesea leucophylla L.B.Sm. (Schumann ex Vaupel) Backeb. Rehder Werauhia sanguinolenta (Linden Cactaceae Diervillaceae ex Cogn. & Marchal) J.R.Grant See: Weberbauerocereus Weigela middendorffiana (Carrière) Bromeliaceae seyboldianus Rauh & Backeb. K.Koch Wercklea insignis Pittier & Standl. Weberocereus biolleyi (F.A.C.Weber) Diervillaceae Malvaceae Britton & Rose Weigela praecox (Lemoine) L.H.Bailey Cactaceae Werckleocereus glaber (Eichlam) Diervillaceae Britton & Rose W Weberocereus bradei (Britton & Rose) ◆ Weed Cactaceae D.R.Hunt Weigela rosea Lindl. = Weberocereus glaber (Eichlam) Cactaceae Diervillaceae D.R.Hunt Weberocereus glaber (Eichlam) = Weigela florida (Bunge) A.DC. Werneria nubigena Kunth D.R.Hunt Weigela venusta L.H.Bailey Asteraceae Cactaceae Diervillaceae See: Werckleocereus glaber (Eichlam) Wettinia maynensis Spruce Britton & Rose Arecaceae

504 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Whipplea modesta Torr. Wigginsia tephracantha (Link & Otto) Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. Hydrangeaceae D.M.Porter Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cactaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 Whiteheadia bifolia Baker = Parodia erinacea (Haworth) Liliaceae Wisteria venusta Rehder & E.H.Wilson N.P.Taylor Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Whitfieldia elongata (P.Beauv.) De Wild. Wightia speciosissima (D.Don) Merr. ◆ Weed - 2 & Th.Dur. Scrophulariaceae Acanthaceae Withania aristata (Aiton) Pauquy Wijkia extenuata (Brid.) H.Crum Solanaceae Whitfieldia longifolia T.Anders Sematophyllaceae Acanthaceae Withania frutescens (L.) Pauquy australis Endl. Solanaceae Whitfordiodendron atropurpureum Thymelaeaceae (Wall.) Merr. Withania riebeckii Schweinf. ex Balf. f. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Wilcoxia poselgeri (Lem.) Britton Solanaceae & Rose Widdringtonia cedarbergensis (L.) Dunal Cactaceae J.A.Marsh Solanaceae = Echinocereus poselgeri Lem. Cupressaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3 - 5 Wilcoxia viperina (F.A.C.Weber) Widdringtonia cupressoides Endl. Witheringia coccoloboides (Damm.) Britton & Rose Cupressaceae Hunz. Cactaceae Solanaceae Widdringtonia dracomontana Stapf = Peniocereus viperinus Cupressaceae (F.A.C.Weber) Buxb. Wittia amazonica K.Schum. Cactaceae Widdringtonia juniperoides Endl. Wilkesia gymnoxiphium A.Gray = Disocactus amazonicus Cupressaceae Asteraceae (K.Schum.) D.R.Hunt Widdringtonia nodiflora (L.) Powrie Wilkesia hobdyi H.St.John Wittrockia amazonica (Baker) L.B.Sm. Cupressaceae Asteraceae Bromeliaceae Widdringtonia schwarzii (Marloth) Mast. Winteria aureispina F.Ritter See: Wittrockia smithii Reitz. Cupressaceae Cactaceae Wittrockia cyathiformis (Vell.) Leme Wigandia caracasana Kunth Winterocereus aureispinus (F.Ritter) Bromeliaceae Hydrophyllaceae Backeb. Wittrockia smithii Reitz. = Wigandia urens (Ruiz & Pav.) Cactaceae Bromeliaceae Kunth var. caracasana (Kunth) = Cleistocactus winteri D.R.Hunt = Wittrockia amazonica (Baker) D.N.Gibson Wisteria brachybotrys Sieb. & Zucc. L.B.Sm. ◆ Weed - 3 Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Wittrockia superba Lindman Wigandia urens (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth ◆ Weed Bromeliaceae Hydrophyllaceae Wisteria chinensis DC. See: Wigandia caracasana Kunth Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1 Lythraceae Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC. Wigginsia arechavaletae (K.Schum. Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R.Brown Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ex Speg.) D.M.Porter Dryopteridaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 5 Cactaceae Woodsia scopulina D.Eaton = Parodia erinacea (Haworth) Wisteria X formosa Rehder Dryopteridaceae N.P.Taylor Leguminosae - Papilionaceae = Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC. Woodwardia areolata (L.) T.Moore Wigginsia corynodes (Pfeiff.) X Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. Blechnaceae D.M.Porter ◆ ◆ Weed Weed Cactaceae = Parodia erinacea (Haworth) Wisteria frutescens (L.) Poir. Woodwardia fimbriata Sm. N.P.Taylor Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Blechnaceae See: Wisteria macrostachya (Torr. & Wigginsia erinacea (Haw.) D.M.Porter Woodwardia orientalis Sm. A.Gray) Nutt. ex B.L.Rob. & Fernald Cactaceae Blechnaceae ◆ Weed - 1 = Parodia erinacea (Haworth) Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm. N.P.Taylor Wisteria macrostachya (Torr. & A.Gray) Blechnaceae Nutt. ex B.L.Rob. & Fernald ◆ Weed Wigginsia sessiliflora (Hook.) D.M.Porter Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Cactaceae W = Wisteria frutescens (L.) Poir. var. Woodwardia unigemmata (Makino) = Parodia erinacea (Haworth) Nakai macrostachya Torr. & Gray N.P.Taylor Blechnaceae Wisteria megasperma F.Müell. Wigginsia stegmannii (Backeb.) Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae D.M.Porter Blechnaceae Cactaceae Wisteria multijuga Van Houtte Worsleya rayneri (Hook. f.) Traub = Notocactus stegmannii Leguminosae - Papilionaceae & Moldenke (Backeberg) Krainz Amaryllidaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 505 antidysenterica (L.) R.Br. Apocynaceae Wrightia religiosa (Teijsm. & Binn.) Benth. ex Hook. f. Apocynaceae Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br. Apocynaceae Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. Apocynaceae Wulfenia baldaccii Degen Scrophulariaceae Wulfenia blechicii Lakusic Scrophulariaceae Wulfenia carinthiaca Jacq. Scrophulariaceae marginata (Desr.) B.Nord. Liliaceae Wurmbea recurva B.Nordenstam Liliaceae Wurmbea spicata T.Durand & Schinz Liliaceae

W

506 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Xanthorhiza simplicissima Credit: Thomas G. Barnes X @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Xantheranthemum igneum (Linden) Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marshall Xanthostemon multiflorum Beauvis. Lindau Ranunculaceae Myrtaceae Acanthaceae atrovirens K.Koch Xanthostemon myrtifolium (Brongn. ambrosioides Hook. & Arn. & C.D.Bouche & Griseb.) Pampan. ex Pampal. Asteraceae Araceae Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - N - 3A - 5 ◆ Weed - 2 Xanthostemon pubescens C.T.White Xanthium californicum E.Greene Xanthosoma caracu K.Koch Myrtaceae Asteraceae & C.D.Bouche Xanthostemon ruber Panch. & Sebert = Xanthium strumarium L. var. Araceae Myrtaceae canadense (Mill.) Torr. & Gray ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 4A Xanthostemon sulfureum Guillaumin Xanthosoma helleborifolium (Jacq.) Myrtaceae Xanthium cavanillesii Schouw Schott Asteraceae Araceae Xanthostemon verdugonianus Naves = Xanthium strumarium L. var. ◆ Weed - 2 ex Vill. canadense (P.Mill.) Torr. & Gray Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - 3A - 5 Xanthosoma lindenii (André) Engl. Araceae Xanthostemon vieillardii Niedenzu Xanthium italicum Moretti Myrtaceae Asteraceae Xanthosoma maculatum G.Nicholson Xenoscapa fistulosa (Spreng. ex Klatt) = Xanthium strumarium L. var. Araceae Goldblatt & J.C.Manning canadense (P.Mill.) Torr. & Gray Xanthosoma roseum Schott Iridaceae ◆ Weed - 3A - 5 Araceae ◆ Xeranthemum annuum L. Xanthium occidentale Bertol. Weed - 1 - 2 Asteraceae Asteraceae Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott ◆ Weed = Xanthium strumarium L. Araceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 3A - 4A ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 3 Xeranthemum cylindraceum Sm. Asteraceae Xanthium orientale L. Xanthosoma undipes (K.Koch) K.Koch ◆ Weed - 2 Asteraceae Araceae = Xanthium strumarium L. var. ◆ Weed Xerochrysum bracteatum (Vent.) canadense (P.Mill.) Torr. & Gray N.N.Tsvelev ◆ Weed - 1A - 3A - 4A Xanthosoma violaceum Schott Asteraceae Araceae ◆ Weed - Nn - 1A Xanthium pungens Wallr. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Asteraceae Xeroderris stuhlmannii (Taub.) = Xanthium strumarium L. Xanthostemon aurantiacum Schltr. Mendonca & E.P.Sousa ◆ Weed - 3A - 4A Myrtaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae L. Xanthostemon carlii J.Wyndham Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay Asteraceae Dawson Rubiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A - 4A - 5 Myrtaceae Xeronema callistemon W.R.B.Oliv. Xanthium strumarium L. Xanthostemon ferrugineus Liliaceae Asteraceae J.Wyndham Dawson See: Xanthium californicum Myrtaceae Xeronema moorei Brongn. & Griseb. E.Greene, Xanthium cavanillesii Liliaceae Xanthostemon francii Guillaumin Schouw , Xanthium italicum Myrtaceae Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt. Moretti, Xanthium occidentale Liliaceae Bertol., Xanthium orientale L., Xanthostemon glaucum Pampan. ◆ Weed Xanthium pungens Wallr. Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 3 - 4A - 5 Xerophyta dasylirioides Baker Xanthostemon grisei Guillaumin Velloziaceae Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge Myrtaceae Sapindaceae Xerophyta villosa (Baker) L.B.Sm. Xanthostemon gugerlii Merrill ◆ Weed & Ayensu Myrtaceae Velloziaceae Xanthocercis zambesiaca (Baker) Xanthostemon laurinus Guillaumin Dumaz-le-Grand Xerophyta viscosa Baker Myrtaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Velloziaceae X Xanthostemon longipes Guillaumin Xanthocyparis nootkatensis (D.Don) Xerosicyos danguyi Humbert Myrtaceae Farjon & D.K.Harder Cucurbitaceae Cupressaceae Xanthostemon macrophyllum Xiphidium caeruleum Aubl. See: Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Pampan. Haemodoraceae (D.Don) Spach Myrtaceae ◆ Weed - 2

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 507 Xylia torreana Brenan Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Xylobium leontoglossum (Reichenbach f.) Rolfe Orchidaceae Xylobium squalens (Lindl.) Lindl. Orchidaceae Xylobium variegatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay & Dunsterv. Orchidaceae Xylococcus bicolor Nutt. Ericaceae congestum Merr. Flacourtiaceae ◆ Weed Xylosma japonicum (Walp.) A.Gray Flacourtiaceae Xylosma senticosa Hance Flacourtiaceae Xylosma senticosum Hance Flacourtiaceae Xylotheca kraussiana Hochst. Flacourtiaceae

X

508 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status angustissima Credit: Al Schneider Y @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Ypsilopus longifolia (Kraenzl.) Summerh. Yucca flaccida Haw. Orchidaceae Agavaceae = Yucca filamentosa L. Yucca aloifolia L. Agavaceae Yucca glauca Nutt. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 5 Agavaceae See: Yucca angustifolia Pursh Yucca angustifolia Pursh ◆ Weed Agavaceae = Yucca glauca Nutt. L. Agavaceae Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. ◆ Weed - N - 1 - 2 - 5 Agavaceae Yucca guatemalensis Baker Yucca arkansana Trel. Agavaceae Agavaceae See: Yucca elephantipes Regel nom. Yucca australis (Engelm.) Trel. inval. Agavaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Yucca baccata Torr. Yucca harrimaniae Trel. Agavaceae Agavaceae Yucca baileyi Wooton & Standley Yucca intermedia McKelvey Agavaceae Agavaceae See: Yucca intermedia McKelvey = Yucca baileyi Woot. & Standl. var. intermedia (McKelvey) Reveal Yucca brevifolia Engelm. Agavaceae Yucca louisianensis Trel. Agavaceae Yucca carnerosana (Trel.) McKelv. Agavaceae Yucca pallida McKelvey = Yucca faxoniana Sarg. Agavaceae Yucca constricta Buckley. Yucca parviflora Torr. Agavaceae Agavaceae Yucca de-smetiana Baker Yucca recurvifolia Salisb. Agavaceae Agavaceae = Yucca filamentosa L. Yucca decipiens Trel. ◆ Weed - 2 Agavaceae Yucca rigida (Engelm.) Trel. Yucca elata Engelm. Agavaceae Agavaceae ◆ Weed Yucca rostrata Engelm. ex Trel. Agavaceae Yucca elephantipes Regel nom. inval. = Yucca thompsoniana Trel. Agavaceae = Yucca guatemalensis Baker Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies ◆ Weed - 5 Agavaceae Yucca endlichiana Trel. Yucca schottii Engelm. Agavaceae Agavaceae Yucca faxoniana Sarg. Yucca thompsoniana Trel. Agavaceae Agavaceae See: Yucca carnerosana (Trel.) McKelv. See: Yucca rostrata Engelm. ex Trel. Yucca filamentosa L. Yucca torreyi Shafer Agavaceae Agavaceae See: Yucca flaccida Haw., Yucca ◆ Weed recurvifolia Salisb. Yucca valida Brandegee ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2 - 5 Agavaceae Yucca filifera Chabaud Yucca whipplei Torr. Agavaceae Agavaceae Y

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 509 Y

510 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Zamia floridana Z Credit: Forest and Kim Starr Zalacca edulis Reinw. Zamia pumila L. americanum Mill. Arecaceae Zamiaceae Rutaceae See: Zamia floridana A.DC. ◆ Weed - 2 - 3 galericulata (Melville) H.Eichler Aizoaceae Zamia purpurea A.P.Vovides Zanthoxylum armatum DC. ◆ Weed - Nn - 1 Zamiaceae Rutaceae Zaluzianskya divaricata (Thunb.) Walp. Zamia roezlii Linden Zanthoxylum dipetalum Mann Scrophulariaceae Zamiaceae Rutaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 3A Zamia skinneri Warsz. ex A.Dietr. Zanthoxylum hawaiiense Hillebr. Zaluzianskya glareosa O.M.Hilliard Zamiaceae Rutaceae & B.L.Burtt Zamia soconuscensis B.Schutzman Zanthoxylum piasezkii Maxim. Scrophulariaceae Zamiaceae Rutaceae Zaluzianskya katharinae Hiern Zamia splendens Schutzman Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC. Scrophulariaceae Zamiaceae Rutaceae Zaluzianskya villosa (Thunb.) ◆ Weed - 5 Zamia verschaffeltii Miq. F.W.Schmidt Zamiaceae Zanthoxylum planispinum Sieb. & Zucc. Scrophulariaceae Rutaceae Zamioculcas zamiifolia (G.Lodd.) Engl. Zamia amblyphyllidia D.W.Stev. Araceae Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. & Zucc. Zamiaceae Rutaceae aethiopica (L.) Spreng. Zamia boliviana A.DC. ◆ Weed Araceae Zamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Zanthoxylum simulans Hance Zamia fairchildiana L.D.Gomez Rutaceae Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. Zamiaceae ◆ Weed Araceae Zamia fischeri Miq. ◆ Weed Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq.) Zamiaceae H.M.Hern. Zantedeschia elliottiana (W.Watson) Leguminosae - Mimosaceae Zamia floridana A.DC. Engl. See: Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Zamiaceae Araceae Benth. = Zamia pumila L. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed Zamia furfuracea L. f. Zantedeschia elliottiana (W.Watson) Zauschneria arizonica Davidson Zamiaceae Engl. X Zantedeschia pentlandii Onagraceae ◆ Weed (Wats.) Wittm. Araceae Zauschneria californica C.Presl Zamia integrifolia L. f. Onagraceae Zamiaceae Zantedeschia elliottiana (W.Watson) ◆ Weed Engl. X Zantedeschia rehmannii Engl. Zamia lindenii Regel ex André Araceae Zauschneria cana Greene Zamiaceae Onagraceae = Zamia poeppigiana Mart. & Eichler Zantedeschia pentlandii (W.Watson) = Epilobium canum (Greene) Raven Wittm. Zamia lindleyi Warsz. ex A.Dietrich Araceae Zea mays L. Zamiaceae Poaceae Zantedeschia rehmannii Engl. Zamia loddigesii Miq. ◆ Weed - N - 2 - 3 - 5 Araceae Zamiaceae ◆ Weed - 2 Zea mexicana (Schrad.) Kuntze ◆ Weed Poaceae Zantedeschia rehmannii Engl. X Zamia muricata Willd. See: Euchlaena mexicana Schrad. Zantedeschia pentlandii (Watson) Zamiaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Wittmack Zamia neurophyllidia D.W.Stev. Araceae Zebrina pendula Schnizl. Zamiaceae Commelinaceae Zantedeschia sprengeri Burtt Davy = Tradescantia zebrina Bosse Zamia picta Dyer Araceae ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A - 3 - 4 - 5 Zamiaceae Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb. & Zucc. Zelkova hirta C.K.Schneid. Zamia poeppigiana Mart. & Eichler Rutaceae Ulmaceae Zamiaceae ◆ Weed See: Zamia lindenii Regel ex André Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz. Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. Ulmaceae Zamia polymorpha D.W.Stev., A.Moretti Rutaceae & Vázq.Torres Z Zamiaceae

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 511 Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino Zephyranthes puertoricensis Traub elegans Jacq. X Zinnia Ulmaceae Amaryllidaceae angustifolia Kunth ◆ Weed - 2 See: Zephyranthes tubispatha Asteraceae (L’Hérit.) Herb. Zenobia pulverulenta (W.Bartram Zinnia haageana Regel ex Willd.) Pollard Zephyranthes rosea Lindl. Asteraceae Ericaceae Amaryllidaceae Zinnia linearis Benth. ◆ Weed - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Asteraceae Zephyranthes X ajax Sprenger Zephyranthes tubispatha (L’Hérit.) Herb. (L.) L. Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae Asteraceae = Zephyranthes citrina Baker X = Zephyranthes puertoricensis Traub ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3 - 5 (Lindl.) Herb. Zephyranthes verecunda Herb. Zinnia verticillata Andr. Zephyranthes albiella Traub Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae Asteraceae Zigadenus elegans Pursh ◆ Weed - 2A Zephyranthes andersonii Nichols Liliaceae Zinnia violacea Cav. Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed - 3 - 4 ◆ Weed Asteraceae Zigadenus micranthus Eastw. ◆ Weed - N Zephyranthes atamasca (L.) Herb. Liliaceae Amaryllidaceae Zizania aquatica L. Zigadenus nuttallii A.Gray Poaceae Zephyranthes brazosensis (Herb.) Traub Liliaceae ◆ Weed - 1 - 2 - 4 Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed = Cooperia drummondii Herb. celtidifolia DC. Zilla spinosa (Turra) Prantl Rhamnaceae Zephyranthes candida (Lindl.) Herb. Brassicaceae Ziziphus jujuba P.Mill. Amaryllidaceae ◆ Weed ◆ Weed - N Rhamnaceae Zingeria pisidica (Boiss.) Tutin See: Ziziphus zizyphus (L.) Meikle Zephyranthes candida (Lindl.) Herb. Poaceae ◆ Weed - 2A X Zephyranthes verecunda Herb. ◆ Weed Amaryllidaceae Lam. Zingeria trichopoda (Boiss) Smirnow Rhamnaceae Zephyranthes chlorosolen D.Dietr. Poaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5 Amaryllidaceae = Cooperia drummondii Herb. cassumunar Roxb. Ziziphus mistol Griseb. Zingiberaceae Rhamnaceae Zephyranthes citrina Baker = Zingiber montanum (J.Koenig) ◆ Weed Amaryllidaceae Theilade ◆ Ziziphus mucronata Willd. Weed - 1 - 2 ◆ Weed - 2 Rhamnaceae Zephyranthes drummondii D.Don Zingiber collinsii J.Mood & I.Theilade ◆ Weed - 1A - 2A Amaryllidaceae Zingiberaceae = Cooperia pedunculata Herb. Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. ◆ Weed Zingiber malaysianum C.K.Lim Rhamnaceae Zingiberaceae ◆ Weed Zephyranthes eggersiana Urb. Amaryllidaceae Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Roscoe Ziziphus zizyphus (L.) Meikle ◆ Weed Zingiberaceae Rhamnaceae ◆ Weed = Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Zephyranthes flavissima Ravenna ◆ Weed Amaryllidaceae Zingiber montanum (J.Konig) Theilade Zingiberaceae Zoellnerallium andinum (Poepp.) Zephyranthes gracilifolia Baker ◆ Weed Crosa Amaryllidaceae Alliaceae - Liliaceae See: Habranthus gracilifolius Herb. Zingiber officinale Roscoe Zingiberaceae Zombia antillarum (Descourt. Zephyranthes grandiflora Lindl. ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A ex B.D.Jacks.) L.H.Bailey Amaryllidaceae Arecaceae ◆ Weed - N - 1A - 2A Zingiber parishii Hook. f. Zingiberaceae Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. Zephyranthes lindleyana Herb. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Amaryllidaceae Zingiber spectabile Griff. = Zornia reticulata Sm. ◆ Weed - 2 Zingiberaceae ◆ Weed Zephyranthes macrosiphon Baker Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm. Zornia durumuensis De Wild. Amaryllidaceae Zingiberaceae Leguminosae - Papilionaceae ◆ Weed - N - 2 Zephyranthes minima Herb. Zornia gemella (Willd.) Vogel Amaryllidaceae Zinnia angustifolia Kunth Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Asteraceae Zephyranthes primulina T.M.Howard See: Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. ◆ Weed & A.T.Ogden Z Amaryllidaceae

512 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Zornia glochidiata Rchb. ex DC. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae Zornia tenuifolia Moric. Leguminosae - Papilionaceae japonica Steud. Poaceae ◆ Weed - 3 Zygocactus truncatus (Haw.) K.Schum. Cactaceae = Schlumbergera truncata (Haw.) Moran Zygopetalum crinitum (P.N.Don) Lodd. Orchidaceae Zygopetalum intermedium Loddiges ex Lindl. Orchidaceae Zygopetalum mackayi Hook. Orchidaceae Zygopetalum maxillare Lodd. Orchidaceae Zygopetalum triste Barb.Rodr. Orchidaceae billardieri DC. Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllum foetidum Schrad. & J.C.Wendl. Zygophyllaceae

Z

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 513 Z

514 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Bibliography and notes Bibliography and notes

Agence Méditerranéenne de l’Environnement, Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de Porquerolles. (2003). Plantes envahissantes de la région méditerranéenne. Agence Méditerranéenne de l’Environnement. Agence Régionale Pour l’Environnement Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, pp. 48. http://www.ame-lr.org/publications/espaces/plantesenvahissantes/pdf/plantesenvahissantes.pdf Alanen, A., Bongard, T., Einarsson, E., Hansen, H., Hedlund, L., Jansson, K., Josefsson, M., Philipp, M., Sandlund, O.T., Svart, Â.E., Svart, H.E. and Weidema, I. (2004). Introduced Species in the Nordic Countries (Denmark) under Nordic Council of Ministers (NMR), subgroup Natur-og Friluftslivsgruppen. http://www.sns.dk/natur/nnis/ Anon. (1972). Weed Manual. 8th Edn. [2nd revised and extended edition] Schering AG, Berlin. Anon. (1992–94). Effigy Mounds National Monument, Pipestone National Monument, Scotts Bluff National Monument. Species Abstracts of Highly Disruptive Exotic Plants. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/exoticab/exoticab.htm Anon. (1999). Introduced (Naturalised) Species to the [USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, USA]. http://plants.usda.gov/plants Anon. (2001). Scientific and Common Names of Known Exotic Plant Species in the Redwood National and State Parks. This list of exotic species was compiled from the parks plant species lists and herbarium specimens. The inventory of species and associated threat assessment are essential parts of the parks Exotic Plant Management Plan. California State Parks, US National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/redw/epsplist.htm Anon. (2001). Table 5.2 – Exotic Plant Species not to be Planted on Caltrans Right-of-Way. California Department of Transportation. http://highway-to-automation.org/dist07/aboutdist7/projects/405_hov_isea/405_hov_isea.pdf Anon. (2002). Non-native Flora of Belize. Many of the plants listed here are ornamentals or commercial crops. Some have become naturalized or have the potential to do so. biological-diversity.info and Belize Explorer Group Design Concepts. http://biological-diversity.info/invasive_flora.htm Anon. (2002). The Common Weeds of Central Thailand. Weed Science Society of Thailand. Anon. (2002). These taxa where indicated as neophytes to the Swiss flora. http://www.cjb.unige.ch/rsf/deu/download/f_lr2002_plantes.pdf Anon. (2003). Flora en Isla de los Estados. http://www.tierradelfuego.org.ar/museomar/Maritimo/Isla%20Estados/flora02.htm Anon. (2003). Invasive non-native marine species. Invasive Alien Species Project being undertaken in the Applied Dynamics Laboratory at the University of Liverpool. http://www.appliedvegetationdynamics.co.uk/IAAPwebsite/Marinesppmaster.asp Anon. (2004). Alfalfa Weeds of Oklahoma. Oklahoma State University. http://alfalfa.okstate.edu/weeds/weeds_of_oklahoma.htm Anon. (2004). Alien Species. On 10 March 2004, the Japanese Cabinet submitted the bill dealing with invasive alien species to the Diet. The Diet passed the bill without amendments and the Invasive Alien Species Act was promulgated as of 2 June 2004. List of alien species recognized to be established in Japan or found in the Japanese wild (as of 27 October 2004) [PDF]. http://www.env.go.jp/en/topic/as.html Anon. (2004). Espécies introduzidas em Portugal continental – (I) Invasoras. Legislação Nacional Decreto-Lei. http://www.diramb.gov.pt/data/basedoc/TXT_LN_21196_1_0001.htm Anon. (2004). Instituto Hórus Invasives. http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/global/brasil/horuslist.html Anon. (2004). Main weeds in carrots in relation to the country. European Weed Research Society, Working Group ‘Weed Management Systems in Vegetables’. http://www.agr.unipg.it/ewrsveg/weeds_in_carrots.htm Anon. (2004). Pest plants. Home and Garden Online Magazine. September: Week 39. http://www.latimes.com/extras/homeandgarden/garden_wk39.html Anon. (2004). Species Introduced in Continental Portugal [Espécies introduzidas em Portugal Continenta]. ICN – Instituto da Conservacao da Natureza. http://www.icn.pt/documentos/download/proj_conser/flora_lista.htm

CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 515 Anon. (2004). Weeds and weed management in onion. European Weed Research Society. Working Group ‘Weed Management Systems in Vegetables’. http://www.agr.unipg.it/ewrsveg/oniondetails.htm Anon. (2004). Weeds and weed management in tomatos. European Weed Research Society. Working Group ‘Weed Management Systems in Vegetables’. http://www.agr.unipg.it/ewrsveg/tomatodetails.htm Anon. (2004). Weeds of in Iran. http://www.iranwheat.ir/introduction/weeds/weed/alaf.asp Bibliography and notes Anon. (2005). Bullet®. Mosanto Product Report. http://www.monsanto.co.za/en/layout/products/crop_pro/bullet/default.asp Anon. (2005). Cultivated and / or Exotic Plants in Central (R.D.Congo–Rwanda–Burundi) list provisional. http://users.chello.be/cr28796/CultAfrC.htm Anon. (2005). Invasive and Exotic Weeds. Invasive List: The Source for Information and Images of Invasive & Exotic Species. A joint project of The University of Georgia’s Bugwood Network, USDA Forest Service and USDA APHIS PPQ. http://www.invasive.org/weeds.cfm Anon. (2005). Non-Native Invasive Aquatic Plants in the United States. Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, University of Florida and Sea Grant. http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/seagrant/hygpol2.html Anon. (2005). Spraying Schedule – Herbicides. Pesticides Manufacturers & Formulators Association of . http://www.pmfai.org/spraying_schedule.htm Anon. (2005). Swaziland’s Alien Plants Database. http://www.kbraunweb.com/alienplants/specieslist.asp Anon. (2005). Weed Spotters Newsletter #2. http://www.weeds.crc.org.au/documents/weed_spotters_summer_newsletter.pdf Anon. (2006). Declared Plants Listing for Western Australia. Agriculture and Related Resources Protection Act 1976 (ARRPA). http://www.agric.wa.gov.au Anon. (2006). Introduced (Alien) Species Checklist: Biodiversity & Environmental Resource Data System of Belize. [This list may be incomplete as all known data has not yet been entered into the system]. http://www.biodiversity.bz/find/species/checklists/ Anon. (2006). Madagascar Catalogue Data Set and Stats. eFlora. http://www.efloras.org APNI (2005). Australian Plant Name Index. A product of the Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS), Australian National Botanic Gardens, Australian National Herbarium. http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni Baker, J.L. (2004). Fremont County Weed and Pest, Lander, WY, USA (email to Aliens list group). Balogh, L., István, D. and Királi, G. (2005). Actual list of neophytes in Hungary and their classification according to their success. In B. Mihály and Z. Botta-Dukát (eds.), Biological invasions in Hungary, Invasive Plants. Budapest, pp. 61–92. Bargeron, C.T., Moorhead, D.J., Douce, G.K., Reardon, R.C. and Miller, A.E. (Tech. Coordinators) (2003). Invasive Plants of the Eastern U.S.: Identification and Control. USDA Forest Service – Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team. Morgantown, WV, USA. FHTET-2003–08 (CD version: Nov 2003). http://www.invasive.org Barker, N. and Wood, J. (1998). Impurities of Grain. An identification kit. Vicgrain Ltd., Victoria. Barker, W.R., Barker, R.M., Jessop, J.P. and Vonow, H.P. (eds.) (2005). Census of South Australian vascular plants. 5th Edition. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens Supplement 1. Botanic Gardens of Adelaide and State Herbarium, Adelaide. BGC (2006). Botanic Gardens Census. http://chah.gov.au/cgi-bin/bgsearch Bickerton, D. (2003). Ecologist, Department for Environment and Heritage, (email to Enviroweeds). Bishop Musem (2005). Plants Naturalised in . Bishop Musem, Oahu. http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/PBS/taxontree.asp Blood, K. (1996–). Victorian Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Early Warning and New Incursions Coordinator (pers. comm.). Blood, K. (2001). Environmental Weeds. A Field Guide for SE Australia. CH Jerram, Science Publishers. Blue Mountains Bushcare Network (2003). Bushland Weeds of the Blue Mountains Region. Leura, New South Wales. http://www.zip.com.au/~aabr/info/weed_lists/weed02.html

516 CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status Botha, C. (2001). Common Weeds of Crops and Gardens in Southern Africa. ARC – Grain Crops Institute, South Africa. Bibliography and notes Botond, M. and Zoltán, B.D. (eds.) (2004). Biological Invasions in Hungary. Invasive Plants. Budapest. Braun, M., Burgstaller, H., Hamdoun, A.M. and Walter, H. (1991). Common Weeds of Central Sudan. Verlag Josef Margraf, Scientific Books, Germany. Brooks, L. (2006). Native Plant Workbook Index Page. Western Spiraea, Spiraea douglasii. ESRM 412. University of Washington, College of Forest Resources. http://depts.washington.edu/propplnt/Plants/Spiraea%20douglasii.htm Brown, G. (2003). Pest Management Officer, Caloundra, (email to Enviroweeds). Brunel, S. (2005). List of Mediterranean Weeds. Compiled as part of the Medit Weeds Workshop June 2005. 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Flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Part 1. Systematics of the vascular plants. Canada Department of Agriculture, Research Branch, Monograph No. 4, Part 1, 659 pp. Castro, S.A., Figueroa, J.A., Munoz-Schick, M. and Jaksic, F.M. (2005). Minimum residence time, biogeographical origin, and life cycle as determinants of the geographical extent of naturalized plants in continental Chile. Diversity and Distributions, 11:183–191. Champion, P.D. and Clayton, J.S. (2001). Border control for potential aquatic weeds Stage 2. Weed risk assessment. Science For Conservation. 185. DOC, New Zealand. Charles Darwin Foundation (2004). Introduced plants in Galapagos. Introduced species registered in the Charles Darwin Research Station Herbarium as present in Galapagos (616 species, not including questionably native species). http://www.hear.org/galapagos/invasives/topics/management/plants/projects/species.htm China Daily (2004). Invasive plant threatens vegetation in Yunnan. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-10/25/content_385561.htm China Species Information Service (2005). Invasive Alien Species in China. http://www.chinabiodiversity.com/search/aspecies/english/ealist.shtm City of Sacramento (1992). Ordinance Number 92–064. An Ordinance Relating to Water Conserving Landscape Requirements. To save water by the appropriate use of water conserving plants. http://www.cityofsacramento.org/parksandrecreation/urbanforest/pdf/ordinance-water_req.pdf Cooke, D. (2002). Possible origin of rampion mignonette populations from garden escapes. Plant Protection Quarterly, 17(4):147–148. Cottingham, P., Hannan, G., Hillman, T., Koehn, J., Metzeling, L., Roberts, J. and Rutherford, I. (2001). Report of the Ovens Scientific Panel on the Environmental Condition and Flows of the Ovens River. Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology, University of Canberra, Technical Report 9/2001. Dana, E.D., Sanz-Elorza, M. and Sobrino, E. (2001). Plant Invaders in Spain [Check-List] The Unwanted Citizens. http://www.med-alienplants.org/checklist.pdf Dana, E.D., Sanz-Elorza, M., Vivas, S. and Sobrino, E. (2005). Especies Vegetales Invasoras en Andalucía. Junta de Andalucía. Dana, E.D., Sobrino, E. and Sanz-Elorza, M. (2003). Plantas invasoras en España: un nuevo problema en las estrategias de conservación. In A. Bañares, G. Blanca, J. Güemes, J.C. Moreno & S. Ortiz (eds.). Atlas y Libro Rojo de la Flora Vascular Amenazada de España. Taxones Prioritarios [Atlas and Red Book of Vascular Threatened Flora in Spain]. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente), Madrid. Danin, A. (2000). Species new to the Flora Palaestina area. Flora Mediterranea, 10:109–172. http://www.botanic.co.il/A/articls/Website4.htm Darbyshire, S.J. (2003). Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 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CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 517 Direnzo, O. and Houle, P. (1998). Weeds of El Limon. Dominican Republic with botanical illustrations. Version 0.94a, © Honeylocust Media Systems. http://www.honeylocust.com/limon/ DiTomaso, J. (2005). Weed Scientist, Non-Crop Weed Specialist, UC Davis, California (pers. comm.). DiTomaso, J.M. and Healy, E.A. (2003). Aquatic and Riparian Weeds of the West. University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 3421. Domingues de Almeida (2000). Macfadyena unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae), new for Europe. Anales del Jardín Botánico

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CRC for Australian Weed Management • The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status 519 Korean Society of Plant Protection (1972). A List of Plant Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds in Korea. The Korean Society of Plant Protection. Kull, T. (2003). Department of Botany, Institute of Zoology and Botany Estonian Agricultural University (pers. comm.). Labrada, R. (2003). Databases. List of Weed Species with Links to More Data. FAO Weed Management. http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGP/AGPP/IPM/Weeds/DB.htm Labrada, R. (2003). Important Weed Species in Crops and Countries. Data stored from 59 developing countries and regularly updated. FAO Weed Management.

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