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Escholarship Services to Uw University of California and Delivers a Dynamic University of Caiifornia Research Platforrn to Scholars \Vorldvvido

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Escholarship Services to Uw University of California and Delivers a Dynamic University of Caiifornia Research Platforrn to Scholars \Vorldvvido Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology UC Merced & Peer Reviewed Title: Tataviam Geography and Ethnohistory Journal Issue: )QWD1<31 QfC<31ifQUli? <30cl GJE:?LE3<3s;ir1Anthrnp9l9gy,J2(2} Author: )QOO§Qll,)QbnR., Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, California t::?rl@,P@vic;![)., City of Lancaster City Museum/Art Gallery, California Publication Date: 1990 Publication Info: Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology, UC Merced Library, UC Merced Permalink: t1ttp://\/\f\IVW.€:1§9hQl<:lf§t1ip.Qrg/qg/it?fll/9l1:2:3J()pt Keywords: ethnography, ethnohistory, archaeology, native peoples, Great Basin Abstract: Basic information about Tataviam linguistics and geography obtained from Fustero and other Kitanemuk speakers has been discussed in previous publications (Kroeber 1915, 1925; Harrington 1935; Bright 1975; King and Blackburn 1978; Hudson 1982). What is not so well known is that Harrington continued his Tataviam investigations among Indians of Yokuts, Tubatulabal, and Serrano descent, who had been associated with Tataviam speakers during the nineteenth century. More information about Tataviam history, territory, and language therefore is available than has previously been summarized. This justifies a new presentation and evaluation of existing evidence. We begin with a review of Tataviam ethnogeographic data. eScllolarsllip provides open access, scholarly publishing eScholarship services to Uw University of California and delivers a dynamic University of Caiifornia research platforrn to scholars \vorldvvido. foumi:;I of California <irid Gw;n Ifa~in Anthropology Vo!. Lt No. 2, pp. 191<!14 (19'.10). Tataviam Geography and Ethnol1istory JOHN R. JOHNSON, Santa Barbara tvfoseu.m of N:siun:d HiHory, 2559 h.ie't'' de! So! Rd"' Sant<t [brb<ira, CA 93Hl5. DAVID D. EARLE, City of L10ncastcr Ciry l\fo~4;urn/Art. Cr>lkry, 44SOJ N. Sivrrn H'k)'., IAmt:MWr, C<\ 93535. SEVER.AL important articles have appeared words and phrases in the Tataviam language in recent years that have summarized infor­ have hitherto been published (Bright !975), mation about the Tataviam, or AHikLik, one of Basic information about Tataviam En· the most enigmatic California Indian groups guistics and geography obtained frnn1 fustcro (Brighi 1975; King and Blackburn I 978; and other .Kltanemuk speakers has been d[s, Hudson 1982), So little actually is known cussed in previouspub!ie<t1ions(Krod1vr 1915, about these people that their very existence as 19'.::5; Harrington 1935: Bright !975; King and a distinct linguistic community has remained Bbckburn 1978; Hudson 198'.::). What is not in doubt Indeed, some rese;trcher:s have ~>o \Veil knovm is that Harrington continued suggested that aH or most of their territory his 'farnviam investigations among lndim1s of mav~ have belonged..,.,_, to the Ventureno "'{oku!s, ·rubatulalxd, and Serrano descent, Chumash, Kitanemuk. or Serrano (Van ;vho had been associnted with Tatavi;im Valkenburgh 1935; Beeler and Klar 1977), speakers during the nineteenth century. More Because of the scarcity of data hithertn information about 'Lttaviam history, territory, ava i!able, there has been a need to discover and Lmguage therefore is :naibh!e than has new approaches to the problems of who the previously been summMiz.ed, This justifies a Tarnviam were, '\.vhat their linguistic afliliation ne\v presentation and eva!u~iticn of t-:Xi~;ting was, and what territory they occupied.i i;·vidence. We begin \.vith a review of Tatav­ \Vhat is known today regarding the inm ethnogeogrnphic data Tarnviam comes prirnarily frorn the ethm1. CORROBORA,TION OF TATAVIAM graphic research of t'NO anthropologists, ETHNIC IDENTlTY Alfred L Kroeber and John p, Harrington. Kroeber's Tataviam data came frnm a ,"irwJe,, Recent statements on ·rata\.·ktm cultural consultant, Juan Jose Fustero, \vhom he inter· geography by King <1 nd Bbckburn ( J97N) ;rnd viev-ied for part of a day in Los Angeles in Hwhon ( !982) identify the Santa Clarita 1912 (K.roeber 1912, 1SH5}, Harrington first B<i.sin area (the upper Santa Clara River met Fustern in 1913 at his home near Piru in drainage) as the core h:rritory of this group. V t'.nturn County and subsequently visited him Their analysis is based on Krneber's and on several occasions accompanied by his Harrington's intervie\VS •Nhh Fustern and Tej6n consult;:mts during placename trips other Kitanemuk cornmlt.;mt.s. Fm reference (Bright 1975; Harrington 1986:RL 98, Fr 536, nn current map1> of the area, the eore territory 615, Rt 181, FL 10·14;. Mills and Brickfidd is north of the Los 1\ngeh:.:s metropolitan area 1986).. Harrington also collected some It partially O\'erhqx; tht~ w•~'.stern p:m of the Tatavfa.m lexical items and ethnogeographic Angeles National Forest and includes the information from several of his Kitanemuk nortinvest portion of Los Angeles County as consultants at Tejon Ranch. Only eleven well as part of Ventura County, 192 JOT.JR:,NA1" OF CALIFORNIA AND GREAT BASIN ANTHROPOLOGY The Sanrn Clarita Basin was first identi­ Tochonanga, documented in an 1843 landN fied as the home of a distinct Hnguistic and grant disefw (map), appears to have been lo~ ethnic community in an important early cated to the southeast of Newhall (Fig. 2} Sp~inish account This was the expedition We, have identified other villages and camp­ diary of the Spanish missionary explorer, sites named by Harrington's informants (see Father Francisco Garcct>, ~;vho passed through Fig. 1), They include the following:. akure ''eng, the region in early 177ti He visited the located at the original NevJhaH townsite Cibiaga de Santa Clara before heading spring; apatsitsing, situated on upper Castaic norlhen::;t across theLiehre-SawmilJ mountain Creek near tiktusing and north of Redrock range in the northern reaches of Tataviam Mountain; and naqava'afflng, farther downN territory and into the i\.ntdope Valley (Coues stream and east of Townsend Peak} Several 1900:268; Earle 1990:89-92). rnncherfas also were located on Piru Creek ln travelling northeast from the upper The Piru viUages and several other rancherias Santa Clam region, Garces \Vas guided by located on the northern edge of Tataviam Indians frorn the Antelope Valley who territory are discussed in the next section. "promised to conduct rne to their land." Thi;· TERRITORIAL BOUNDARIES village in the Antelope Valley to which these Indians took hirn (in the Lake ffoghes­ A delineation of the territorial extent of Elizabeth Lake area) was later identified by Tataviam speech involves the problematic him as being Beneme (the Mojave Desert issue of boundaries_ Two difficulties have branch of the S.;'..1Tano), and its inhabitants presented themselves in analyzingterritoriality '>Vere dearly distinguished from the Indians of among Takic groups. First, the disruptions Santa Clam. In (fr:;cussing boundaries of and population dedine that occurred in indigenous linguistic territories in Southern Mission times often made later recollection c:aiifornia, Garces else\vhere stated that the difficult regarding what may have been former Benem<~ were bounded by the Indians of San physically marked boundaries, Later consul­ Gabriel and Santa Clara (Coue~• 1900:444). tants were much dearer about core territories Garci§s thus identified an Indian terri.torial than about the locations ·of peripheral borders. and linguistic unit, "Santa Clara." \vhich was, Second, in discussing the "real world" he indicated, distinct from that of San Gabrid significance of territoriality, one must distin­ (Gabrielino) and that of the Bcneme U"fojavc guish between the formal and substantive Desert Serrano), manifr?.stritions of territorial occupation and use, The boundaries of linguistic/ ethnic units TATAVIAM SETTLEMENTS reflected the organization of society into a King and Blackburn ( 1978:536) have listed series of multi-lineage territorial political units several major Tataviam rnncheria sites on the ("localized clans").. These clan units claimed basis of information frorn the Hanington certain territories as their own, but were not notes and other sources, These indude the the only groups to gather resources in them major village of tsawayung at the site of or establish temporary camps therein. The Rancho San Francisquito (NewhaJ! Ranch), granting ofpennission by one group to anoth­ near Castaic Junction, tikats:ing on upper er to gather and establish seasonal camps in Castaic Creek, andpi'ing, located at the inter· its erstwhile territory was very common, section of Castaic Creek and Elizabeth Lake Harrington's consultants at the Tejon Ranch Canyon (Fig, 1). The important rancheria of noted this phenomenon .in discussing areas 1ATAVIAM GEOGRAPHY AND ETHNOHlSTORY •• 'Y <... A /~~.:~~·~: </,.·./·· .~·{~·::: ;.-<...(.~.: ('\ ·:::-:.:·;..... ·····.\ ~' :n, n... 1~<;.~f:.::: -::=~~~ (/:.:./:;-;:;-< c t::·. :;::: ·~~ .::-:t;-:· A;j z k ~:.. < ::-r:··· .t.~~ .-::~~~·&~·/:;>...;/ >r 0 I' /:. // _,--;:"<:.· ./::;i- ;.'~7;~0~~-'''.;$. »l. :d {:-'.f~ 0 ~ ..;{.~ /f:~.-"f '# ·~;./~t l~' >I"'; -.., 0 z/:) > z> tj )_,,..,.,, :;c ~ >-1 w > zf/1 ...:j~ x iO 0 ;.; -0 r 0 0 Fig. 2. The 1843 land~grnnt disdio im.ap) for Ranchn San Frnnt:isco with information on vi!iJ.ge hKatiflns in the upper Sanu Clara River Valky. TI1e ~ site of l<>diom:mga i;; imh:ated by the letter G The Ra11d1ma de Cm:utos h rndicateJ by i.he lener 0 (courtesy of The Htmtington LibrnN. San tvfa ruw l . TATAVI.AJvf GEOGRAPHY AND ETHNOHISTORY 195 shared between the Kitanemuk and the Kitanemuk consultants, Eugenia Mendez, to Kawaiisu, and many other examples could be
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