MAINSTREAMING Urban River Management Into Master Plans Strategic Guidelines for River Towns
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MAINSTREAMING Urban River Management into Master Plans Strategic Guidelines for River Towns Draft Strategic Guidelines MAINSTREAMING Urban River Management into Master Plans 0 MAINSTREAMING Urban River Management into Master Plans Strategic Guidelines for River Towns Draft Strategic Guidelines Vancouver’s River Dist., Canada Busan River City, South Korea Qinhuangdao, China River City, Gothenburg, Sweden, Europe River-centric Urban Planning Södertälje, Sweden, Europe 1 | P a g e MAINSTREAMING Urban River Management into Master Plans Strategic Guidelines for River Towns Contents Acronyms …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Table of Figures ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5 Foreword …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6 Chapter 1. An Introduction to Urban Rivers....................................................................................8 1.1. Role of Urban Rivers.....................................................................................................9 1.2. Urban challenges having a bearing on River Management ............................................12 1.3. Current Scenario of River Health in Indian Cities ..........................................................19 1.4. Defining Urban River Management .............................................................................20 Chapter 2. Planning for River Management ..................................................................................24 2.1. Linking to the URMP...................................................................................................24 2.2. Urban Planning Framework in India.............................................................................26 2.3. Hierarchy of Plans ......................................................................................................27 2.4. Master Plan synergies with Urban River Management..................................................31 2.5. Comprehensive Planning for Urban Rivers ...................................................................32 2.6. Review of Existing Master Plans ..................................................................................34 2.6.1. Methodology Adopted ...................................................................................34 2.6.2. Towns selected for assessment of Master Plans...............................................35 2.6.3. Parameters of River Management addressed within Master Plans ....................37 2.6.4. Comparison of River Consideration in Master Plans .........................................39 2.6.5. Gap Areas in River-Sensitive Urban Planning ...................................................41 Chapter 3. Enabling River-sensitive Master Planning.....................................................................43 3.1. River focus through Planning Tools..............................................................................45 3.1.1. Master Plan Vision for the river ......................................................................47 3.1.2. Forming the River Baseline .............................................................................49 3.1.3. Localizing national policies .............................................................................51 3.1.4. Town-specific Strategies.................................................................................53 3.1.5. Assigning land use..........................................................................................57 3.1.6. Development Control Regulations ..................................................................61 3.1.7. Norms and Standards.....................................................................................63 3.1.8. Recommendations .........................................................................................65 3.1.9. Creating the grounds for Project Development ................................................67 3.1.10. Projecting the Requirements ........................................................................68 3.2. How can Master Plans address specific Urban River Challenges ....................................68 3.2.1. Issue: Restriction of natural water/storm water channel ..................................68 2 | P a g e MAINSTREAMING Urban River Management into Master Plans Strategic Guidelines for River Towns 3.2.2. Issue: Pollution ..............................................................................................69 3.2.3. Issue: Over abstraction of water .....................................................................70 3.2.4. Issue: Degrading water bodies/ wetlands ........................................................71 3.2.5. Issue: Depleting Green Cover..........................................................................72 3.2.6. Issue: Weak Citizen-River Connect ..................................................................73 3.2.7. Issue: River Governance .................................................................................74 3.3. Re-framing the Master Plans – A way forward .............................................................77 Chapter 4. Annexures and References .........................................................................................79 3 | P a g e MAINSTREAMING Urban River Management into Master Plans Strategic Guidelines for River Towns Acronyms CETP : Common Effluent Treatment Plant CGANGA : Centre for Ganga River Basin Management and Studies CSP : City Sanitation Plan DCR : Development Control Regulations DEWATS : Decentralized Waste Water Treatment System FAR : Floor Area Ratio GC : Ground Coverage HFL : High Flood Line HIZ : High Impact Zone IWRM : Integrated Water Resource Management JNNURM : Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission LAP : Local Area Plan MIP : Medium Impact Zone MoEFCC : Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change MoHUA : Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs MoUD : Ministry of Urban Development (former) MP : Master Plan NDMA : National Disaster Management Authority NDZ : No Development Zone NIUA : National Institute of Urban Affairs NMCG : National Mission for Clean Ganga RAY : Rajiv Awas Yojana RRZ : River Regulation Zone STP : Sewage Treatment Plant TCPO : Town and Country Planning Organization UDPFI : Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation URDPFI : Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation URMP : Urban River Management Plan WTP : Water Treatment Plant WWTP : Waste Water Treatment Plant ZDP : Zonal Development Plan 4 | P a g e MAINSTREAMING Urban River Management into Master Plans Strategic Guidelines for River Towns Table of Figures Figure 1 Role of Urban Rivers ...................................................................................................... 11 Figure 2. Five major degradation factors and their anthropogenic causes ...................................... 13 Figure 3. Recent news highlights, showing ecological stress .......................................................... 13 Figure 4 Typical problems faced by rivers within the city boundaries ............................................. 14 Figure 5. Key challenges of urban rivers ....................................................................................... 15 Figure 6. Restriction of natural water channels within urban areas ................................................ 16 Figure 7. Excessive Pollution of Urban Rivers ................................................................................ 17 Figure 8. Concerns regarding Urban River Health.......................................................................... 20 Figure 9. Categories of Urban River Management Actions ............................................................. 25 Figure 10. Scope of the Document ............................................................................................... 26 Figure 11. Relationship of Planning System .................................................................................. 28 Figure 12. Urban Planning Framework ......................................................................................... 30 Figure 13 Planning System addressing Urban River Management .................................................. 31 Figure 14. Levels of Planning for River Management ..................................................................... 34 Figure 15 Methodology followed for river-centric planning ........................................................... 35 Figure 16 List of Ganga basin towns having Master Plans/ Development Plans ............................... 36 Figure 17 Typology of Urban River Management parameters addressed within the Master Plans of cities .......................................................................................................................................... 39 Figure 18 Analysis of Master Plans addressing parameters of Urban River Management................. 40 Figure 19 Concerns of urbanization affecting these urban water resources .................................... 44 Figure 20 Master Plan Tools, for a river-sensitive plan .................................................................. 46 5 | P a g e MAINSTREAMING Urban River Management into Master Plans Strategic Guidelines for River Towns Foreword Cities and rivers have an intrinsic relationship. Traditionally, the rivers have been at the centre of various cultural, religious, livelihood-related, and recreational avenues in cities. However, over