G00271188 Magic Quadrant for Enterprise Application Platform as a Service, Worldwide Published: 24 March 2015 Analyst(s): Yefim V. Natis, Massimo Pezzini, Kimihiko Iijima, Anne Thomas, Rob Dunie Application platform technology innovation has moved to the cloud, as CIOs, IT planners and architects, driven by the demands of cloud, mobile and IoT, seek innovation in technology and business. We examine the most prominent vendor offerings designed to support and advance these initiatives. Market Definition/Description Application infrastructure functionality, enriched with cloud characteristics and offered as a service, is platform as a service (PaaS). Gartner refers to it more precisely as cloud application infrastructure services. Application platform as a service (aPaaS) is a form of PaaS that provides a platform to support application development, deployment and execution in the cloud. It is a suite of cloud services designed to meet the prevailing application design requirements of the time, and, in 2015, includes mobile, cloud, the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data analytics innovations. An aPaaS that is designed to support the enterprise style of applications and application projects (high availability, disaster recovery, security and technical support) is an enterprise aPaaS. This market includes only companies that provide public aPaaS offerings (vendors providing aPaaS- enabling software alone are not considered). See "Platform as a Service: Definition, Taxonomy and Vendor Landscape, 2014" or "Hype Cycle for Platform as a Service (PaaS), 2014" for an expanded form of the definition of aPaaS and other forms of cloud application infrastructure services (xPaaS). Magic Quadrant Figure 1. Magic Quadrant for Enterprise Application Platform as a Service, Worldwide Source: Gartner (March 2015) Vendor Strengths and Cautions cloudControl cloudControl is a European vendor that provides a high-control, multilanguage, shared-OS aPaaS deployed on Amazon Web Services (AWS) data centers. In August 2014, cloudControl added to its Page 2 of 45 Gartner, Inc. | G00271188 geographic coverage and doubled its customers when it bought the dotCloud North American aPaaS business from Docker. The underlying technology of the dotCloud aPaaS is being shifted to the technology used by the cloudControl aPaaS instances (applications built for dotCloud have to be migrated by May 2015), but the U.S.-based aPaaS will continue to operate under the dotCloud name, running on Google Compute Engine and offering an alternative infrastructure to the AWS- based cloudControl branded PaaS. The vendor also offers a white-label aPaaS program, mostly to telecommunications companies and infrastructure as a service (IaaS) providers, where cloudControl provides its aPaaS as a managed layer on top of the partner's IaaS offering. Exoscale, in Switzerland, is an example of a white-label partner. All of the U.S., European and white-label implementations provide the same developer and runtime services with the same APIs, the same levels of support, and the same pricing arrangements. In addition to its buildpack-based deployment model, cloudControl offers an add-on marketplace where users can leverage more than 40 third-party services in areas such as continuous integration and deployment, log management, email, search, security, data management, analytics, and message queuing. Strengths ■ The vendor has over 1,400 registered customer accounts with more than 800 active deployments across its dotCloud and cloudControl branded services. Overall revenue from aPaaS services has been growing through the dotCloud acquisition, the white-label program and organic growth. ■ Support of the buildpack specification enables cloudControl, its partners and its customers to extend the platform with new language engines, frameworks, databases and other software services available from other vendors that support buildpacks. The vendor provides and supports many buildpacks, but developers can create their own to expand the technologies that they can use. ■ The vendor's white-label aPaaS program offering for telecommunications companies and IaaS providers provides a potentially powerful mechanism for expanding geographical coverage by acting as a force multiplier for cloudControl sales and marketing. Cautions ■ cloudControl's use of the dotCloud brand in North America and its use of a white-label program for expansion into other geographies limit the vendor's ability to grow worldwide recognition of the cloudControl brand. As a smaller competitor in the aPaaS market, this could create a challenge to cloudControl's long-term market positioning. ■ Its use of so many add-on partners for advanced capabilities increases cloudControl's external dependencies, and revenue sharing with these partners reduces cloudControl's net revenue. ■ Slow growth of an ecosystem of SaaS providers that have built their applications on cloudControl's platform may be a handicap inasmuch as the extension and customization of Gartner, Inc. | G00271188 Page 3 of 45 SaaS applications are major drivers of aPaaS adoption in mainstream enterprise IT organizations. ■ Without high-productivity development services for application development and integration, business process management (BPM), and event processing, cloudControl revenue opportunities will be limited to a subset of the market for enterprise PaaS services. Engine Yard Engine Yard is a cloud-based, shared-hardware, high-control aPaaS that uses a dedicated environment for each tenant. The platform supports a limited set of languages and frameworks: Originally focused just on Ruby on Rails, Engine Yard now also supports Java, Node.js and PHP. Each supported environment is a managed and curated infrastructure stack with a configurable composition. Founded in 2006, Engine Yard was a pioneer in the PaaS market. The platform caters to professional developers looking for a low-level platform that hides and automates system administration of an underlying IaaS. (The platform runs on, and Engine Yard resells, AWS, Azure and Verizon Terremark.) For an aPaaS, Engine Yard provides exceptionally deep control of the underlying environment. In fact, the vendor now refers to the platform as a cloud application management platform, rather than aPaaS, indicating a shift in focus from aPaaS to utilitarian service provider. Applications run directly on the host infrastructure, and subscribers have full root access to the virtual servers. For example, subscribers can define custom Chef recipes to configure the servers. The platform supports manual and scheduled scaling, but no dynamic autoscaling. Strengths ■ Engine Yard has over 1,500 Web 2.0 and digital business clients. It provides a solid foundation for DevOps and continuous delivery. It remains the leading aPaaS for Ruby on Rails deployments. ■ Customers cite Engine Yard's responsiveness, support and reliability as key strengths. ■ The vendor's tenant environments have been shown to scale well, and its underlying infrastructure can be extensively customized, which allows for advanced technical control for customers that want it. ■ Engine Yard's transparent pricing model clearly shows costs for the Engine Yard platform versus the underlying IaaS, and this model is more cost-effective for larger customers than the previous model. Customers can now also deploy Engine Yard on their own IaaS environments. Cautions ■ From a business perspective, Engine Yard stumbled in 2013 when it attempted to expand its market to line of business (LOB) clients in traditional corporate accounts. 2014 was a year of change, and the board brought in a new executive team and restructured the company. The vendor is now refocused on its core strength: the developer and DevOps community. As a result, growth opportunities are limited. Page 4 of 45 Gartner, Inc. | G00271188 ■ Engine Yard has limited cloud capabilities, particularly in elasticity and sharing. Its shared- hardware model and lack of dynamic autoscaling mean that it is best-suited for environments that benefit most from manual and preplanned approaches to changing capacity. ■ Engine Yard is primarily focused on alleviating subscribers' responsibilities for managing system infrastructure, but not to the point of relinquishing control of those system resources. Although the abstraction level provided does qualify as PaaS, much of the design and many of the use cases for Engine Yard are close to what Gartner calls "IaaS+." ■ The vendor does not provide its own integration, BPM, big data and analytics capabilities, nor does it offer a model-driven, high-productivity cloud platform environment. Those looking for an application platform for LOB levels of productivity or advanced enterprise projects should look elsewhere. Google Google's aPaaS offering is available in the form of Google App Engine (a shared-OS, high-control application platform) and managed virtual machines (VMs) — a somewhat extended technology of App Engine offered in the less restrictive, but also less elastic, shared-hardware format. Google's aPaaS offering supports Java, Python, Go and PHP programming. It is offered colocated with multiple related services, including Google Compute Engine and future Google Container Engine (both IaaS), as well as some xPaaS offerings, such as SQL and NoSQL database management systems (DBMSs), analytics and mobile back-end services. Strengths ■ Google's large installed base (it claims over 20,000 paying customers) consists of many small Web innovators, some very large Web business sites (such