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Compositae, Senecioneae) ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS DE MONTES UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID Systematics of Senecio sect. Crociseris (Compositae, Senecioneae) JOEL CALVO CASAS Ingeniero de Montes DIRECTORES CARLOS AEDO PÉREZ INÉS ÁLVAREZ FERNÁNDEZ Doctor en Biología Doctora en Biología Madrid, 2013 Tribunal nombrado por el Mgfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día ....... de .............................. de 2013. Presidente D. .................................................................................................. Vocal D. ......................................................................................................... Vocal D. ......................................................................................................... Vocal D. ......................................................................................................... Secretario D. .................................................................................................. Realizado del acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día ....... de .............................. de 2013 en Madrid. Calificación ………………………………………………… EL PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO “Mutisiam dicam. Numquam vidi magis singularem plantam. Herba clematidis, flos syngenesiae. Quis umquam audivit florem compositum caule scandente, cirrhoso, pinnato in hoc ordine naturali.” “La llamaré Mutisia. En ninguna parte vi planta que le exceda en lo singular: su yerba es de clemátide y su flor de singenesia. ¡Quién tuvo jamás noticia de una flor compuesta con tallo trepador, zarcilloso, pinnado en este orden natural!” Carta de Linneo a Mutis. 20 de Mayo de 1774. Agradecimientos En primer lugar agradecer el apoyo de Carlos Aedo e Inés Álvarez, que sin su enorme contribución en todo momento este trabajo no habría sido posible. En los aspectos nomenclaturales ha sido indispensable el conocimiento de Félix Muñoz- Garmendia, brindando siempre sus opiniones. Ha sido vital la ayuda y compañía de toda aquella gente que han participado en mis viajes de recolección, gracias a todos por vuestros momentos! También es inestimable el soporte que recibí durante mis estancias en St. Petersburgo, Christchurch y St. Louis. Agradezco sinceramente todas las facilidades recibidas por parte del Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, y especialmente la oportunidad que me brindó en su momento Santiago Castroviejo y el proyecto Flora iberica. Y a Joan Pedrol por abrirme paso en todo esto que llamamos botánica. Sin duda agradezco el trabajo y buena disposición de todo el personal técnico del herbario MA, y a los del laboratorio durante mi estancia entre cacharros. De la escuela de Montes doy las gracias a Carlos Morla por su generoso apoyo. No hay que decir que sin los compañeros del botánico y de Madrid (sensu lato), semejante proyecto personal no hubiera fructificado. A todas las personas queridas. Merci a tots! Índice RESUMEN/ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………6 INTRODUCCIÓN………………………………..………………………………………...8 CAPÍTULO 1: Systematics of Senecio sect. Crociseris (Compositae, Senecioneae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden: submitted……………………………[1-172]1 CAPÍTULO 2: A phylogenetic analysis and new delimitation of Senecio sect. Crociseris (Compositae: Senecioneae), with evidence of intergeneric hybridization. Taxon 62 (1): unpaged………………………..…………………………….………[1-14] CAPÍTULO 3: (2010) Proposal to conserve the name Senecio gerardi against Inula provincialis (S. provincialis) (Compositae). Taxon 60 (2): 602–603………….[602-603] CAPÍTULO 4: (2024) Proposal to conserve the name Solidago doronicum (Senecio doronicum) (Compositae) with a conserved type. Taxon 60 (4): 1215– 1216……………………………………………………………………….…[1215-1216] Amendment to: “(2024) Proposal to conserve the name Solidago doronicum (Senecio doronicum) (Compositae) with a conserved type” by Joel Calvo, Inés Álvarez & Carlos Aedo in Taxon 60(4): 1215–1216. Taxon 61 (5): 1133………[1133] CAPÍTULO 5: (2025) Proposal to conserve the name Senecio paucifolius (Compositae) with a conserved type. Taxon 60 (4): 1217…………………..……[1217] CAPÍTULO 6: Lectotypification of two Linnaean names in Compositae. Nordic Journal of Botany 30: 127–128………………………………..……….[127-128] CAPÍTULO 7: Four New Combinations in Eurasian Senecio L. (Compositae, Senecioneae). Novon: submitted……………………………………………..……...[1-5] CONCLUSIONES 1Entre corchetes numeración de los artículos en las revistas correspondientes. Resumen/Abstract Resumen Se revisa taxonómicamente Senecio sect. Crociseris (Compositae, Senecioneae), una de las cuatro principales secciones del género en el ámbito de Eurasia y el norte de África. Este grupo comprende hierbas rizomatosas, distribuidas principalmente del oeste de Europa y noroeste de África al oeste asiático, y presenta la mayor diversidad en el Mediterráneo septentrional. El nuevo tratamiento taxonómico que se propone reconoce 28 especies y 8 subespecies. Se ha hecho un especial esfuerzo en el análisis de la variabilidad del gr. S. doronicum, cuya sistemática ha sido objeto de controversia durante mucho tiempo. En este grupo se aceptan tres especies: S. doronicum, S. lagascanus, y S. provincialis, la primera con tres subespecies: subsp. doronicum, subsp. longifolius, y subsp. orientalis. Con el objetivo de indagar en las relaciones de las especies dentro de la sección y de ésta con otros grupos de Senecio, se han llevado a cabo análisis filogenéticos basados en secuencias ITS y de cloroplasto. Los resultados sugieren que la sect. Crociseris es un grupo parafilético, ya que incluye las especies secuenciadas de la sect. Doria. Además, complejos patrones de algunas secuencias ITS sugieren eventos de hibridación. Como resultado del estudio taxonómico se proponen las siguientes combinaciones: Senecio doronicum subsp. longifolius (Willk.) J. Calvo, Senecio doronicum subsp. orientalis (Ten.) J. Calvo, Senecio macedonicus subsp. barckhausiaefolius (Boiss. & Heldr.) J. Calvo, y Senecio racemosus subsp. kirghisicus (DC.) J. Calvo. Por otro lado, S. ruthenensis de Francia y S. lusitanicus de Portugal han sido sinonimizados a S. lagascanus, así como S. ovatifolius, S. pisidicus y S. tmoleus de Anatolia a S. kolenatianus, S. olympicus, y S. castagneanus respectivamente, S. bertramii de Líbano a S. cilicius, y S. delbesianus de Siria a S. racemosus subsp. racemosus. Se han lectotipificado setenta y cinco nombres, y neotipificado S. pyrenaicus y S. scopolii. Senecio gerardi Godr., S. doronicum (L.) L. y S. paucifolius S.G. Gmel. se propusieron a conservar. Se incluyen claves de identificación, descripciones detalladas, mapas de distribución e ilustraciones. Nueve táxones han sido ilustrados por primera vez. 6 Resumen/Abstract Abstract A revision of Senecio sect. Crociseris (Compositae, Senecioneae) is carried out, which is one of the four main sections of western Eurasian/northern African Senecio species. It comprises perennial herbs distributed in Europe, northwestern Africa, and western Asia, being the northern Mediterranean region the center of diversity. The new taxonomic treatment presented herein recognize 28 species and 8 subspecies. Remarkable efforts have been focused on the variability of the gr. S. doronicum, which systematics was controversial during a long time. Within this group we recognize three species: S. doronicum, S. lagascanus, and S. provincialis, the former with three subspecies: subsp. doronicum, subsp. longifolius, and subsp. orientalis. In order to tackling the evolutionary relationships of Crociseris species, and those between the section and the closest relatives in Senecio, we used phylogenetic analyses of plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data. The results of these studies indicate that sect. Crociseris is a paraphyletic group, since those sequenced species belonging to sect. Doria are nested within it. Also, complex patterns of ITS diversity suggest several hybridization events. As a result of this taxonomic revision the following new combinations are proposed: Senecio doronicum subsp. longifolius (Willk.) J. Calvo, Senecio doronicum subsp. orientalis (Ten.) J. Calvo, Senecio macedonicus subsp. barckhausiaefolius (Boiss. & Heldr.) J. Calvo, and Senecio racemosus subsp. kirghisicus (DC.) J. Calvo. On the other hand, S. ruthenensis from France and S. lusitanicus from Portugal have been synonymized to S. lagascanus, as well as S. ovatifolius, S. pisidicus, and S. tmoleus from Anatolia to S. kolenatianus, S. olympicus, and S. castagneanus respectively, S. bertramii from Lebanon to S. cilicius, and S. delbesianus from Syria to S. racemosus subsp. racemosus. Seventy five names are lectotypified, and Senecio pyrenaicus and S. scopolii are neotypified. The names S. gerardi, S. doronicum, and S. paucifolius were proposed to conserve. Descriptions and distribution maps are provided for all species included as well as an identification key. Nine species are illustrated for the first time. 7 Introducción Introducción El género Senecio L. (Compositae, Senecioneae) comprende alrededor de 1250 especies, siendo uno de los géneros más grandes dentro de las angiospermas (Bremer, 1994; Pelser, 2007; Nordenstam, 2007). Los Senecio están distribuidos por todos los continentes excepto la Antártida, aunque las zonas más ricas en especies son las áreas de clima mediterráneo de Sudáfrica, Chile y la cuenca Mediterránea. En otras zonas del planeta como Australasia y Mesoamérica el género está menos diversificado (Nordenstam & al., 2009). En Senecio se encuentran desde hierbas anuales a pequeños árboles, lo que da una idea de la gran diversidad morfológica
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