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A Strategic Approach to Research Publishing in South Africa

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A Strategic Approach to Research Publishing in South Africa RReporteport oonn a SStrategictrategic AApproachpproach ttoo RResearchesearch PPublishingublishing iinn SSouthouth AAfricafrica MARCH, 2006 Published by the Academy of Science of South Africa ISBN 0-620-36105-0 March 2006 P O Box 72135 Lynnwood Ridge 0040 (Pretoria, South Africa) Didacta Building 211 Skinner Street Pretoria Web: www.assaf.co.za Phone: 012 392 9393 Fax: 012 320 2099 e-mail: [email protected] Copyright: Academy of Science of South Africa Reproduction is permitted provided the source is acknowledged Layout, typesetting, cover design, reproduction and printing Marketing Support Services (012) 346-2168 The Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) was inaugurated in May 1996 in the presence of then President Nelson Mandela, the Patron of the launch of the Academy. It was formed in response to the need for an Academy of Science consonant with the dawn of democracy in South Africa: activist in its mission of using science for the benefi t of society, with a mandate encompassing all fi elds of scientifi c enquiry in a seamless way, and including in its ranks the full diversity of South Africa’s distinguished scientists. The Parliament of South Africa passed the Academy of Science of South Africa Act, Act 67 in 2001, and the Act came into operation on 15 May 2002. This has made ASSAf the offi cial Academy of Science of South Africa, recognised by Government and representing South Africa in the international community of science academies. PPrefacereface Two strands of infl uence have affected the publication of local scholarly journals in South Africa in the recent past. The fi rst of these was the establishment of the Bureau of Scientifi c Publications that subsidized the publication of a number of journals that had been established during the 20th century. The ‘Bureau journals’ were an attempt to foster academic publication in South Africa and to make their products available to an international readership – quality of material was to be coupled to quality of production. In this respect the establishment of the Bureau was mimicking a similar development in Australia and could be seen as a mechanism for fostering home-grown talent. The second infl uence was a new mechanism of funding universities, which rewarded them directly for the academic publications that they produced. Both of these infl uences had a signifi cant impact on the development of local journals, the behaviour of individuals, the fi nancial sustainability of learned societies that produced the journals, and the institutions that received the ‘output’ subsidy. The Bureau was recently closed, with only one journal, The South Africa Journal of Science, continuing to receive support through the Academy of Science of South Africa on the basis of its international impact. The funding for ‘outputs’ of the tertiary institutions has continued, although in a modifi ed form that includes a reward for completed masters and doctoral degrees. These developments raised two related questions. The fi rst was whether it was appropriate for the state to support the publication of (some) learned journals in the interest of fostering intellectual exchange. The second question was whether all of the articles, published in journals recognized for the output subsidy of universities, deserved to receive recognition, in view of the wide variation in quality of the material produced. The Academy was commissioned in 2001 in this context by the Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology (now the Department of Science and Technology) to undertake a study to address these two questions, with a view to making recommendations for the optimal development of policy in the future. The effect of globalization on knowledge exchange, which is mediated very largely through scientifi c journals being published in English, and having their origins in Europe and North America, has resulted in the neglect of regional journals. It has also led to the development of benchmarks based on bibliometric analysis of publication patterns that has resulted in global ranking of tertiary institutions. These trends are being countered in the African context, with its relatively neglected tertiary sector, by a need that is expressed by the African Academies of Science that are members of the Network of African Scientifi c Academies (NASAC), to consider the publication of high-quality journals that report work of signifi cance to African scientists. The degree to which such a project is feasible, and whether it could be successfully implemented both in South Africa and elsewhere on the continent, needs to be explored after the release of this report. Although the report was prepared at the request of, and with funding from the Department of Science and Technology, in order amongst other matters to address specifi c questions that had been raised about the subsidy for scholarly outputs, its potential impact both in understanding international trends in scholarly knowledge production and in giving guidance to those who would like to foster the publication of indigenous journals, will be great if careful attention is given to the recommendations that are contained in this study. The report was developed and has been guided to a successful conclusion by Prof Wieland Gevers who initiated it during his tenure as President of the Academy and has now brought it to fruition as the Academy’s Executive Offi cer, with the invaluable assistance of Dr Xola Mati as study director. He and the authors of the various chapters are thanked for the care and attention with which they have produced a seminal analysis of South African publication patterns. They will receive their reward in full measure through the impact that this report will have on the further development of the National System of Innovation. Robin M. Crewe President, Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) i AAcknowledgmentscknowledgments The authors wish to acknowledge the patient support of Mr Mosibudi Mangena, Minister of Science and Technology, as well as Dr Rob Adam and Dr Adi Paterson of the Department of Science and Technology, throughout this extended project. The 5-year contract with the Department had three parts – this Study now fi nally completed, the development of a new cycle of vigorous life for the South African Journal of Science, and the establishment of a signifi cant new science magazine: Quest – Science for South Africa. Our partners have stood by these three ventures steadfastly and decisively. We also owe much to Prof Robin Crewe, current President of the Academy of Science of South Africa, to Dr Philemon Mjwara, its General Secretary, and all other members of the Academy Council and ASSAf staff. Thanks are also due to Dr Molapo Qhobela of the Department of Education; the late Dr Prem Naidoo of the Council on Higher Education; Dr Andrew Kaniki of the NRF; Dr William Blankley of the HSRC; Dr Graham Baker, Editor of the South African Journal of Science; and Prof Michael Cherry, South African correspondent of “Nature”. They provided support and valuable inputs and consultations in respect of key stakeholders. Dr Nicolaas Claassen assisted with the detailed statistical analysis of the Editors’ survey. Dr Richard Clark carried out detailed proof-reading in liaison with the chief author and the printer. iii CContentsontents Preface by R. Crewe . i Acknowledgements . iii Contents . .v Executive Summary: Recommendations at a glance . .vii Summary of the Chapters . xiii CHAPTER 1 Introduction and background . .1 Wieland Gevers CHAPTER 2 A bibliometric assessment of South African research publications included in the internationally indexed database of Thomson ISI . .9 Anastassios Pouris CHAPTER 3 A comprehensive analysis of South African research journals . .29 Johann Mouton, Nelius Boshoff and Robert Tijssen CHAPTER 4 Survey of editors’ opinions and related information . .61 Xola Mati CHAPTER 5 Global eResearch trends and their implications for South African research publishing in print and online . .81 Roy Page-Shipp and Monica Hammes CHAPTER 6 Conclusions and recommendations for a strategically enhanced role of research publishing in South Africa . .107 Wieland Gevers, Xola Mati, Johann Mouton, Roy Page-Shipp, Monica Hammes, and Anastassios Pouris About the Authors . .121 About the Academy of Science of South Africa . .123 v EEXECUTIVEXECUTIVE SSUMMARYUMMARY RRecommendationsecommendations aatt a GGlancelance Following the closure of the erstwhile Bureau for Scientifi c Publications (BSP) and the termination of the policy of state subsidisation of selected fl agship research journals, the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) signed a contract with the then Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology (DACST, now the Department of Science and Technology, DST) in December, 2001. The contract required ASSAf to recommend and support a new strategic framework for South Africa’s research journals, on the basis of evidence and comparative information; ASSAf was to work in partnership with a number of organisations. The main objectives of this strategic framework were to: ■ promote/enhance the standing and effectiveness of South Africa’s research journals, nationally and internationally; ■ improve the productivity/effi cacy of publication through different modalities (e.g. electronic The strategic goal publication); that is the point ■ establish the South African Journal of Science (SAJS) as a “national asset” of high quality; and ■ ensure that discoveries and insights gained through research published in South African of departure for journals were made known to a wider public than the research community itself. this ensuing six- The strategic goal that is the point of departure for this ensuing six-chapter Report is to help develop and maintain a robust national system of innovation that contributes materially to chapter Report is the sustainable prosperity of all South Africa’s people. In other words, a scenario where large to help develop and numbers of lively, enquiring and enterprising people have scope for productive careers and maintain a robust involvement as leaders in science-based efforts to promote the development of the whole nation’s skills and resources.
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