RESEARCH ARTICLE A context for the last Neandertals of interior Iberia: Los Casares cave revisited Manuel Alcaraz-Castaño1,2*, Javier Alcolea-GonzaÂlez2, Martin Kehl3, Rosa-MarõÂa Albert4,5, Javier Baena-Preysler6, Rodrigo de BalbõÂn-Behrmann2, Felipe Cuartero6, Gloria Cuenca-BescoÂs7, Fernando JimeÂnez-Barredo8, JoseÂ-Antonio LoÂpez-SaÂez9, Raquel PiqueÂ10, David RodrõÂguez-AntoÂn10, JoseÂYravedra11, Gerd-Christian Weniger1 1 Neanderthal Museum, Mettmann, Germany, 2 Area of Prehistory, University of AlcalaÂ, AlcalaÂde Henares, Spain, 3 Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, 4 ERAAUB (Department of History and Achaeology), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, 5 ICREA, Barcelona, Spain, a1111111111 6 Department of Prehistory and Archeology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain, a1111111111 7 Aragosaurus-IUCA, Department of Geosciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain, 8 CENIEH a1111111111 (National Research Centre on Human Evolution), Burgos, Spain, 9 Archeobiology Research Group, History a1111111111 Institute, CCHS CSIC, Madrid, Spain, 10 Department of Prehistory, Autonomous University of Barcelona, a1111111111 Barcelona, Spain, 11 Department of Prehistory, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain *
[email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Alcaraz-Castaño M, Alcolea-GonzaÂlez J, Kehl M, Albert R-M, Baena-Preysler J, de BalbõÂn- Introduction and objectives Behrmann R, et al. (2017) A context for the last Although the Iberian Peninsula is a key area for understanding the Middle to Upper Paleo- Neandertals of interior Iberia: Los Casares cave revisited. PLoS ONE 12(7): e0180823. https://doi. lithic transition and the demise of the Neandertals, valuable evidence for these debates org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180823 remains scarce and problematic in its interior regions. Sparse data supporting a late Nean- Editor: Michael D.