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A Note on the Genitive Particle Ħaqq in Yemeni Arabic Free Genitives Mohammed Ali Qarabesh, University of Albayda Mohammed Q
A note on ħaqq in Yemeni Arabic … Qarabesh & Shormani A Note on the Genitive particle ħaqq in Yemeni Arabic Free Genitives Mohammed Ali Qarabesh, University of Albayda Mohammed Q. Shormani, University of Ibb الملخص: تتىاوه هذي اىىرقح ميمح "حق" فٍ اىيهجح اىُمىُح ورتثتها اىىحىَح فٍ تزمُة إضافح اىمينُح اىتحيُيُح، وتقذً ىها تحيُو وحىٌ وصفٍ، حُث َفتزض اىثاحثان أن هىاك وىػُه مه هذي اىنيمح فٍ اىيهجح اىُمىُح: ا( تيل اىتٍ ﻻ تظهز ػيُها ػﻻماخ اىتطاتق، مثو "اىسُاراخ حق ػيٍ"، حُث وزي أن ميمح "اىسُاراخ" ىها اىسماخ )جمغ، مؤوث، غائة( وىنه ميمح "حق" ﻻ تتطاتق مؼها فٍ أٌ مه هذي اىصفاخ، و ب( تيل اىتٍ تظهز ػيُها ػﻻماخ اىتطاتق مثو "اىسُاراخ حقاخ ػيٍ" حُث تتطاتق اىنيمتان "اىسُاراخ" و"حقاخ" فٍ مو اىسماخ. وؼَزض اىثاحثان أن اىىىع اﻷوه َ ستخذً فٍ مىاطق مثو صىؼاء، ػذن، إب... اىخ، واىثاوٍ فٍ شثىج وحضزمىخ ... اىخ. وَخيص اىثاحثان إىً أن هىاك دىُو ػميٍ ىُس فقظ ػيً وجىد اىىحى اىنيٍ فٍ "اىمينح اىيغىَح" تو أَضا ػيً "تَ ْى َس َطح" هذا اىىحى، ىُس فقظ تُه اىيغاخ تو وتُه ىهجاخ اىيغح اىىاحذج. الكلمات المفتاحية: اىيغاخ اىسامُح، اىؼزتُح اىُمىُح، اىؼثزَح، اى م ْينُح، "حق" Abstract This paper provides a descriptive syntactic analysis of ħaqq in Yemeni Arabic (YA). ħaqq is a Semitic Free Genitive (FG) particle, much like the English of. A FG minimally consists of a head N, genitive particle and genitive DP complement. It (in a FG) expresses or conveys the meaning of possessiveness, something like of in English. There are two types of ħaqq in Yemeni Arabic: one not exhibiting agreement with the head N, and another exhibiting it. -
Arabic Sociolinguistics: Topics in Diglossia, Gender, Identity, And
Arabic Sociolinguistics Arabic Sociolinguistics Reem Bassiouney Edinburgh University Press © Reem Bassiouney, 2009 Edinburgh University Press Ltd 22 George Square, Edinburgh Typeset in ll/13pt Ehrhardt by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire, and printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and East bourne A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 0 7486 2373 0 (hardback) ISBN 978 0 7486 2374 7 (paperback) The right ofReem Bassiouney to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Contents Acknowledgements viii List of charts, maps and tables x List of abbreviations xii Conventions used in this book xiv Introduction 1 1. Diglossia and dialect groups in the Arab world 9 1.1 Diglossia 10 1.1.1 Anoverviewofthestudyofdiglossia 10 1.1.2 Theories that explain diglossia in terms oflevels 14 1.1.3 The idea ofEducated Spoken Arabic 16 1.2 Dialects/varieties in the Arab world 18 1.2. 1 The concept ofprestige as different from that ofstandard 18 1.2.2 Groups ofdialects in the Arab world 19 1.3 Conclusion 26 2. Code-switching 28 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Problem of terminology: code-switching and code-mixing 30 2.3 Code-switching and diglossia 31 2.4 The study of constraints on code-switching in relation to the Arab world 31 2.4. 1 Structural constraints on classic code-switching 31 2.4.2 Structural constraints on diglossic switching 42 2.5 Motivations for code-switching 59 2. -
Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi
Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi To cite this version: Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi. Arabic and Contact-Induced Change. 2020. halshs-03094950 HAL Id: halshs-03094950 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03094950 Submitted on 15 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language Contact and Multilingualism 1 science press Contact and Multilingualism Editors: Isabelle Léglise (CNRS SeDyL), Stefano Manfredi (CNRS SeDyL) In this series: 1. Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). Arabic and contact-induced change. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language science press Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). 2020. Arabic and contact-induced change (Contact and Multilingualism 1). Berlin: Language Science Press. This title can be downloaded at: http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/235 © 2020, the authors Published under the Creative Commons Attribution -
Cognate Words in Mehri and Hadhrami Arabic
Cognate Words in Mehri and Hadhrami Arabic Hassan Obeid Alfadly* Khaled Awadh Bin Mukhashin** Received: 18/3/2019 Accepted: 2/5/2019 Abstract The lexicon is one important source of information to establish genealogical relations between languages. This paper is an attempt to describe the lexical similarities between Mehri and Hadhrami Arabic and to show the extent of relatedness between them, a very little explored and described topic. The researchers are native speakers of Hadhrami Arabic and they paid many field visits to the area where Mehri is spoken. They used the Swadesh list to elicit their data from more than 20 Mehri informants and from Johnston's (1987) dictionary "The Mehri Lexicon and English- Mehri Word-list". The researchers employed lexicostatistical techniques to analyse their data and they found out that Mehri and Hadhrmi Arabic have so many cognate words. This finding confirms Watson (2011) claims that Arabic may not have replaced all the ancient languages in the South-Western Arabian Peninsula and that dialects of Arabic in this area including Hadhrami Arabic are tinged, to a greater or lesser degree, with substrate features of the Pre- Islamic Ancient and Modern South Arabian languages. Introduction: three branches including Central Semitic, Historically speaking, the Semitic language Ethiopian and Modern south Arabian languages family from which both of Arabic and Mehri (henceforth MSAL). Though Arabic and Mehri descend belong to a larger family of languages belong to the West Semitic, Arabic descends called Afro-Asiatic or Hamito-Semitic that from the Central Semitic and Mehri from includes Semitic, Egyptian, Cushitic, Omotic, (MSAL) which consists of two branches; the Berber and Chadic (Rubin, 2010). -
Modern Standard Arabic ﺝ
International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture (Linqua- IJLLC) December 2014 edition Vol.1 No.3 /Ʒ/ AND /ʤ/ :ﺝ MODERN STANDARD ARABIC Hisham Monassar, PhD Assistant Professor of Arabic and Linguistics, Department of Arabic and Foreign Languages, Cameron University, Lawton, OK, USA Abstract This paper explores the phonemic inventory of Modern Standard ﺝ Arabic (MSA) with respect to the phoneme represented orthographically as in the Arabic alphabet. This phoneme has two realizations, i.e., variants, /ʤ/, /ӡ /. It seems that there is a regional variation across the Arabic-speaking peoples, a preference for either phoneme. It is observed that in Arabia /ʤ/ is dominant while in the Levant region /ӡ/ is. Each group has one variant to the exclusion of the other. However, there is an overlap regarding the two variants as far as the geographical distribution is concerned, i.e., there is no clear cut geographical or dialectal boundaries. The phone [ʤ] is an affricate, a combination of two phones: a left-face stop, [d], and a right-face fricative, [ӡ]. To produce this sound, the tip of the tongue starts at the alveolar ridge for the left-face stop [d] and retracts to the palate for the right-face fricative [ӡ]. The phone [ӡ] is a voiced palato- alveolar fricative sound produced in the palatal region bordering the alveolar ridge. This paper investigates the dichotomy, or variation, in light of the grammatical (morphological/phonological and syntactic) processes of MSA; phonologies of most Arabic dialects’ for the purpose of synchronic evidence; the history of the phoneme for diachronic evidence and internal sound change; as well as the possibility of external influence. -
Creating Resources for Dialectal Arabic from a Single Annotation: a Case Study on Egyptian and Levantine
Creating Resources for Dialectal Arabic from a Single Annotation: A Case Study on Egyptian and Levantine Ramy Eskander, Nizar Habash†, Owen Rambow and Arfath Pasha Columbia University, USA †New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE [email protected], [email protected] [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Arabic dialects present a special problem for natural language processing because there are few Arabic dialect resources, they have no standard orthography, and they have not been studied much. However, as more and more written dialectal Arabic is found on social media, natural lan- guage processing for Arabic dialects has become an important goal. We present a methodology for creating a morphological analyzer and a morphological tagger for dialectal Arabic, and we illustrate it on Egyptian and Levantine Arabic. To our knowledge, these are the first analyzer and tagger for Levantine. 1 Introduction The goal of this paper is to show how a particular type of annotated corpus can be used to create a morphological analyzer and a morphological tagger for a dialect of Arabic, without using any additional resources. A morphological analyzer is a tool that returns all possible morphological analyses for a given input word taken out of any context. A morphological tagger is a tool that identifies the single morphological analysis which is correct for a word given its specific context in a text. We illustrate our work using Egyptian Arabic and Levantine Arabic. Egyptian Arabic is in fact relatively resource-rich compared to other Arabic dialects, but we use a subset of available data to simulate a resource-poor dialect. -
On the Syntax of Sentential Negation in Yemeni Arabic
International Journal of English Linguistics; Vol. 10, No. 2; 2020 ISSN 1923-869X E-ISSN 1923-8703 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education On the Syntax of Sentential Negation in Yemeni Arabic Abdulrahman Alqurashi1 & Mukarram Abduljalil1 1 Department of European Languages & Literature, King Abdelaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Correspondence: Abdulrahman Alqurashi, P.O. BOX 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: [email protected] Received: December 26, 2019 Accepted: January 31, 2020 Online Published: February 23, 2020 doi:10.5539/ijel.v10n2p331 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n2p331 Abstract In this paper we explore the system of negation in modern Arabic dialects with a particular focus on Yemeni Arabic (Raymi dialect). The data observed in this dialect incorporate important and novel facts related to the syntax of sentential negation in Arabic. This includes the distribution of negation patterns and the interaction between negation and negative polarity items, which challenges the two widely adopted analyses for sentential negation in Arabic: The Spec-NegP analysis and the discontinuous Neg analysis. In this paper we argue that neither analysis can provide an adequate account of Raymi Arabic facts. Instead, a more recent analysis, the Spilt-Neg analysis, can accommodate them. In addition, in the study we provide empirical evidence in support of the Higher-Neg analysis, wherein Neg is projected higher than T in the derivation. Keywords: Arabic dialects, discontinuous negation, negative polarity items, non-discontinuous negation, Raymi dialect, sentential negation, Yemeni Arabic 1. Introduction The syntax of negation in Arabic is as extremely diverse as the varieties of the language themselves. -
The Amman Dialect Enam Al-Wer University of Essex
Chapter 25 New-dialect formation: The Amman dialect Enam Al-Wer University of Essex One fascinating outcome of dialect contact is the formation of totally new dialects from scratch, using linguistic stock present in the input dialects, as well as creating new combinations of features, and new features not present in the original input varieties. This chapter traces the formation of one such case from Arabic, namely the dialect of Amman, within the framework of the variationist paradigm and the principles of new-dialect formation. 1 Contact and new-dialect formation 1.1 Background and principles The emergence of new dialects is one of the possible outcomes of prolonged and frequent contact between speakers of mutually intelligible but distinct varieties. The best-known cases of varieties that emerged as a result of contact and mix- ture of linguistic elements from different dialectal stock are the so-called colo- nial varieties, namely those varieties of English, French, Spanish and Portuguese which emerged in the former colonies in the Southern Hemisphere and the Amer- icas.1 In addition to colonial situations, the establishment of new towns can also lead to the development of new dialects; a case in point is Milton Keynes (UK), which was investigated by Paul Kerswill.2 For Arabic, similar situations of con- tact are abundant, largely due to voluntary or forced displacement of populations, growth of existing cities and the establishment of new ones. To date, however, 1Among the studies that investigated such varieties are: Trudgill (2004), Gordon et al. (2004), Sudbury (2000) and Schreier (2003) for English; Poirier (1994; cited in Trudgill 2004) for French; Lipski (1994) and Penny (2000) for Spanish; and Mattoso (1972) for Portuguese. -
A Critical and Comparative Study of the Spoken Dialect of Badr and District in Saudi Arabia, M
A CRITICAL AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE SPOKEN DIALECT OF THE NARB TRIBE IN SAUDI ARABIA A thesis presented to the University of Leeds Department of Semitic Studies by ALAYAN. MOHAMMED IL-HAZMY for The Degree of-Doctor of Philosophy April YFr fi xt ?031 This dissertation has never been submitted to this or any other University. PREFACE The aim of this thesis is to describe and study analytically the dialect of the Harb tribe, and to determine its position among the neighbouring tribes. Harb is a very large tribe occupying an extensive area of Saudi Arabia, and it was impracticable for one individual to survey every settlement. This would have occupied a lengthy period, and would best be done by a team of investigators, rather than an individual. Thus we have limited our investigation to-two"-selected'regions, which we believe to be representative, the first ranging from north-east Rabigh up to al-Madina (representing the speech of the Harb in the Hijaz), and the second ranging from al-Madina to al-Fawwara in al-Qasirn district (representing the speech of the Harb in Central Arabia). We have thus left out of consideration an area extending fromCOsfän to Räbigh, where some-. members-of the Harb, partic- ularly those of the Muabbad, Bishr and Zubaid clan live. We have been unable in the northern central region, to go as far as al-Quwära and Dukhnah. However, some Harbis from the unsurveyed area were met with in our regions, and samples of their speech were obtained and included. Within these limitations, however the datä'collected are substantial and it is hoped comprehensive enough to give a clear picture of the main features of the Harb dialect. -
The Routledge Handbook of Arabic Linguistics
Review Copy - Not for Distribution Youssef A Haddad - University of Florida - 02/01/2018 THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF ARABIC LINGUISTICS The Routledge Handbook of Arabic Linguistics introduces readers to the major facets of research on Arabic and of the linguistic situation in the Arabic-speaking world. The edited collection includes chapters from prominent experts on various fields of Arabic linguistics. The contributors provide overviews of the state of the art in their field and specifically focus on ideas and issues. Not simply an overview of the field, this handbook explores subjects in great depth and from multiple perspectives. In addition to the traditional areas of Arabic linguistics, the handbook covers computational approaches to Arabic, Arabic in the diaspora, neurolinguistic approaches to Arabic, and Arabic as a global language. The Routledge Handbook of Arabic Linguistics is a much-needed resource for researchers on Arabic and comparative linguistics, syntax, morphology, computational linguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and applied linguistics, and also for undergraduate and graduate students studying Arabic or linguistics. Elabbas Benmamoun is Professor of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies and Linguistics at Duke University, USA. Reem Bassiouney is Professor in the Applied Linguistics Department at the American University in Cairo, Egypt. Review Copy - Not for Distribution Youssef A Haddad - University of Florida - 02/01/2018 Review Copy - Not for Distribution Youssef A Haddad - University of Florida - 02/01/2018 -
Front Matter Template
Copyright by Thomas Alexander Leddy-Cecere 2018 The Dissertation Committee for Thomas Alexander Leddy-Cecere Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Contact-Induced Grammaticalization as an Impetus for Arabic Dialect Development Committee: Kristen Brustad, Co-Supervisor Danny Law, Co-Supervisor John Huehnergard Patience Epps Contact-Induced Grammaticalization as an Impetus for Arabic Dialect Development by Thomas Alexander Leddy-Cecere Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2018 Dedication To NS, where this all started, and RH, with whom it will move forward. Acknowledgements Before UT, my schools were always small, but my education never was. I am forever indebted to the Newton School of Strafford, Vermont, where I learned what it means to be a writer, a scientist and a teacher, and to The Sharon Academy, which left me with a directive to seguir con tus lenguas – I hope the following pages will not disappoint. My gratitude goes also to the dedicated faculty in Linguistics and Arabic at Dartmouth College, who both encouraged me to take this road and supplied me with a powerful education to speed me on my way: to Drs. James Stanford, Timothy Pulju, and Diana Abouali, a special thank you. I found an intellectual family at UT before ever setting foot in Austin; my warm appreciation, (now) Drs. Alex Magidow and Emilie Zuniga, for making me feel welcome on a very early conference morning in San Antonio, and for years to come. -
Current Research on Linguistic Variation in the Arabic-Speaking World
Language and Linguistics Compass 10/8 (2016): 370–381, 10.1111/lnc3.12202 Current Research on Linguistic Variation in the Arabic-Speaking World Uri Horesh1* and William M. Cotter2 1Department of Language and Linguistics, University of Essex 2School of Anthropology and Department of Linguistics, The University of Arizona Abstract Given its abundance of dialects, varieties, styles, and registers, Arabic lends itself easily to the study of language variation and change. It is spoken by some 300 million people in an area spanning roughly from northwest Africa to the Persian Gulf. Traditional Arabic dialectology has dealt predominantly with geographical variation. However, in recent years, more nuanced studies of inter- and intra-speaker variation have seen the light of day. In some respects, Arabic sociolinguistics is still lagging behind the field compared to variationist studies in English and other Western languages. On the other hand, the insight presented in studies of Arabic can and should be considered in the course of shaping a crosslinguistic sociolinguistic theory. Variationist studies of Arabic-speaking speech communities began almost two de- cades after Labov’s pioneering studies of American English and have f lourished following the turn of the 21st century. These studies have sparked debates between more quantitatively inclined sociolinguists and those who value qualitative analysis. In reality, virtually no sociolinguistic study of Arabic that includes statistical modeling is free of qualitative insights. They are also not f lawless and not always cutting edge methodologically or theoretically, but the field is moving in a positive direction, which will likely lead to the recognition of its significance to sociolinguistics at large.