DOCSLIB.ORG

Environment Mapping Good for ? with the Help of Environment Mapping, an Object Can Reflect the Environment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Environment Mapping Good for ? with the Help of Environment Mapping, an Object Can Reflect the Environment Environment Mapping good for ? With the help of environment mapping, an object can reflect the environment. For that Simone Kriglstein texture mapping can be used. But some problems Günter Wallner are occurring. The problem how the textures are saved must be solved (i.e. to save memory). The second problem is that the calculation of mapping Abstract the 2-dimensional to 3-dimensional coordinates must be possible in a short time, so that these In this paper environment mapping is presented. techniques can be used in interactive applications. First we will discuss environment mapping in For parameterization three different kinds are general and the methods of parameterization like, existing. The most famous methods are spherical, sphere -, cubic –and parabolic maps. For sphere, cube and parabolic maps. We will discuss each of parabolic and cubic maps the way of indexing is the methods mentioned above and enumerate the shown. Then ways of prefiltering of environment advantages and disadvantages of those maps are shown. In detail we present how this can parameterizations. Since there are different kinds of be done with the Phong reflection model and how surfaces (wood, plastic,...) with different kinds of the Fresnel term can be used. In addition reflection properties (Figure 1.2 shows a very good environment mapping with the help of BRDF´s is example of reflection), these properties should be presented. Also environment mapped bump taken into account when generating an environment mapping (EMBM) will be discussed. In this chapter map. The reflection properties can be divided into we discuss mainly how the environment is mapped three parameters: diffuse, glossy and mirror. For on an object with a structured surface. In the last metallic surfaces a Fresnel term can be used. Those chapter an introduction into environment mapping properties are applied to the environment map in a with OpenGL is given. prefiltering step. For glossy surfaces we will explain the widely used Phong model. This model is physically not correct, because it makes some simplifications. But, it is simple and the quality is 1 Introduction good enough for most graphic applications. The aim of the game designer is to design games, which get more and more realistic and that can not be done without environment mapping. It has the appearance for everybody that this method is not so important. However, can you imagine a motor racing game in which the surroundings are not reflected on the car body (in Figure 1.1 you can see, how the surrounding is reflected on a bonnet) or a hero of an action game which does not have a reflection on the water. Modern 3D hardware accelerators are supporting a lot of gadgets, such as texture mapping, bump mapping, pixel shading, lighting effects, shadow mapping, T&L, environment mapping and so on. Games which are released know or in future are using these techniques to provide a realistic Figure 1.2 environment as possible. To get attention, new Reflection with environment mapping games have new and improved graphic effects. Things on that we do not concentrate in real life, We will also take a closer look on how to represent are missed immediately in games or other BRDF´s with environment mapping. A BRDF interactive applications. describes how much light is reflected when light Surfaces that are reflecting the environment, makes contact with the surface. correctly broken shadows and many other small In chapter 10 of the paper we will discuss things are making the game experience perfect. environment mapped bump mapping. These technique allows us to model surfaces with bumps. Examples of use are bark, metal sheet, scratch and so on. Figure 1.1 Car which reflects the environment In our paper we will discuss mainly environment mapping. But for what is environment mapping - 1 - Figure 2.1 Example of reflection with environment map What exactly is environment mapping now? Environment mapping [10] is used to reflect the surroundings on an object. Thus, an object must be covered with a texture of the real object surface as well as with the environment texture. A good example of environment mapping is shown in Figure 2.1. Environment mapping is a separate technique rather than as a category of texture mapping. This method was first developed by Blinn and Newell in 1976 Figure 1.3 [17]. Top: without bump mapping Bottom: with bump mapping Environment maps are particular textures that describe for all directions the incoming or outgoing Scenes can be represented more realistically by light at one point in space. environment mapped bump mapping (EMBM). This method is particularly used for water effect. Environment mapping [2] may be achieved through Figure 1.3 shows how a scene looks better when texture mapping in different ways. One way EMBM is used. requires six texture images, each corresponding to a The wall looks much more realistic with reflections face of a cube, that represent the surrounding and structures. The ground was also changed, it has environment. At each vertex of a polygon to be a structure at the lower picture. environment mapped, a reflection vector from eye In the last chapter environment mapping with off of the surface is computed. This reflection OpenGL is presented. vector indexes one of the six texture images. As long as all the vertices of the polygon generate reflections into the same image, the image is 2 Environment Mapping mapped onto the polygon using projective texturing. If a polygon has reflections into more „ Projection of the whole environment on a texture than one face of the cube, then the polygon is surface “ subdivided into pieces, each of which generates reflections into only one face. Because a reflection For us reflection effects are a normal thing and not vector is not computed at each pixel, this method is many people are thinking about this phenomena. not exact, but the same results are quite convincing But games without reflections are boring or bad. when the polygons are small. Reflections are making the games look realistic Another way is to generate a single texture image and exciting. of a perfectly reflecting sphere in the environment. This image consists of a circle representing the hemisphere of the environment behind the viewer, surrounded by an annulus representing the hemisphere in front of the viewer. At each polygon vertex, a texture coordinate generation function generates coordinates that index this texture image, and these are interpolated - 2 - across the polygon. If the (normalized) reflection 3 Parameterization vector at a vertex is r = (x y z) Equation 1 A parameterization is a mapping from directions to and texture coordinates. This mapping should meet m = 2(z +1) Equation 2 some properties in order to be useful in interactive rendering: then the generated coordinates are x/m and y/m • for walkthroughs of static environment, it when the texture image is indexed by coordinates should not be necessary to create a new map ranging from –1 to 1 (the calculation is diagrammed every frame in Figure 2.2). • it should be easy to create a new environment map from perspective images of the scene • calculating the texture coordinates should be easy and simple to implement in hardware Three methods which have gained some importance in hardware accelerated and interactive rendering are: spherical maps, cube maps and parabolic maps which will be explained in the following. 3.1 Spherical Environment Maps Spherical environment mapping (see [3,4,14]) is Figure 2.2 Spherical reflection geometry based on the analogy of a infinitely small, perfectly mirroring metal ball centered around the object. The distance between viewer and object is The environment map is the image that a important, because this is the reason for distortions. orthographic camera sees when looking at the ball Because there is a singularity in the viewing from a certain viewing direction. A sample of a direction, since all points where the viewing vector spherical map is shown in Figure 3.1.1. is tangential to the sphere show the same point of This kind of parameterization has two big environment. Moreover, the object can not reflect disadvantages. First, it is not suitable for viewing itself, because the calculations can not be directions other than the original one and second, it performed in real time. But, it is possible with ray tracing algorithms [16]. There are many different techniques for implementing environment mapping like cube mapping [see Figure 2.3, see also chapter 5 ], spherical mapping [ for more information about this method see chapter 4] and parabolic mapping [see chapter 6]. Figure 2.3 Example for cube environment mapping Figure 3.1.1 Top: Spherical environment map Bottom: Reflecting Teapot - 3 - does not reflect changes in the scene, as they happen. The major reason why spherical environment mapping is still used is, that the lookup can be calculated efficiently with simple operations in hardware. Also, they are good enough to create cheap static reflections which are in most cases good enough for game reflections. Now, how does this lookup process works ? In Figure 3.1.2 a image of the lookup process is shown. A spherical environment map which has been generated for a camera pointing in direction vo, stores the corresponding radiance information at the point where the reflective sphere has the normal Figure 3.1.4 Cross section of a sphere on which the environment is mapped h. If vo is the negative z- Axis then the 2D texture coordinates are the x –and y- axis of the normalized First the environment in which the reflective model halfway vector h. If the direction is close to the should be placed must be rendered as viewed from viewing direction distortions are likely to appear, the desired position of the model.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Relief Texture Mapping
    Advanced Texturing Environment Mapping Environment Mapping ° reflections Environment Mapping ° orientation ° Environment Map View point Environment Mapping ° ° ° Environment Map View point Environment Mapping ° Can be an “effect” ° Usually means: “fake reflection” ° Can be a “technique” (i.e., GPU feature) ° Then it means: “2D texture indexed by a 3D orientation” ° Usually the index vector is the reflection vector ° But can be anything else that’s suitable! ° Increased importance for modern GI Environment Mapping ° Uses texture coordinate generation, multi-texturing, new texture targets… ° Main task ° Map all 3D orientations to a 2D texture ° Independent of application to reflections Sphere Cube Dual paraboloid Top top Top Left Front Right Left Front Right Back left front right Bottom Bottom Back bottom Cube Mapping ° OpenGL texture targets Top Left Front Right Back Bottom glTexImage2D( GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X , 0, GL_RGB8, w, h, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, face_px ); Cube Mapping ° Cube map accessed via vectors expressed as 3D texture coordinates (s, t, r) +t +s -r Cube Mapping ° 3D 2D projection done by hardware ° Highest magnitude component selects which cube face to use (e.g., -t) ° Divide other components by this, e.g.: s’ = s / -t r’ = r / -t ° (s’, r’) is in the range [-1, 1] ° remap to [0,1] and select a texel from selected face ° Still need to generate useful texture coordinates for reflections Cube Mapping ° Generate views of the environment ° One for each cube face ° 90° view frustum ° Use hardware render to texture
    [Show full text]
  • Advanced Texture Mapping
    Advanced texture mapping Computer Graphics COMP 770 (236) Spring 2007 Instructor: Brandon Lloyd 2/21/07 1 From last time… ■ Physically based illumination models ■ Cook-Torrance illumination model ° Microfacets ° Geometry term ° Fresnel reflection ■ Radiance and irradiance ■ BRDFs 2/21/07 2 Today’s topics ■ Texture coordinates ■ Uses of texture maps ° reflectance and other surface parameters ° lighting ° geometry ■ Solid textures 2/21/07 3 Uses of texture maps ■ Texture maps are used to add complexity to a scene ■ Easier to paint or capture an image than geometry ■ model reflectance ° attach a texture map to a parameter ■ model light ° environment maps ° light maps ■ model geometry ° bump maps ° normal maps ° displacement maps ° opacity maps and billboards 2/21/07 4 Specifying texture coordinates ■ Texture coordinates needed at every vertex ■ Hard to specify by hand ■ Difficult to wrap a 2D texture around a 3D object from Physically-based Rendering 2/21/07 5 Planar mapping ■ Compute texture coordinates at each vertex by projecting the map coordinates onto the model 2/21/07 6 Cylindrical mapping 2/21/07 7 Spherical mapping 2/21/07 8 Cube mapping 2/21/07 9 “Unwrapping” the model 2/21/07 images from www.eurecom.fr/~image/Clonage/geometric2.html 10 Modelling surface properties ■ Can use a texture to supply any parameter of the illumination model ° ambient, diffuse, and specular color ° specular exponent ° roughness fr o m ww w.r o nfr a zier.net 2/21/07 11 Modelling lighting ■ Light maps ° supply the lighting directly ° good for static environments
    [Show full text]
  • Visualizing 3D Objects with Fine-Grain Surface Depth Roi Mendez Fernandez
    Visualizing 3D models with fine-grain surface depth Author: Roi Méndez Fernández Supervisors: Isabel Navazo (UPC) Roger Hubbold (University of Manchester) _________________________________________________________________________Index Index 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 7 2. Main goal .......................................................................................................................... 9 3. Depth hallucination ........................................................................................................ 11 3.1. Background ............................................................................................................. 11 3.2. Output .................................................................................................................... 14 4. Displacement mapping .................................................................................................. 15 4.1. Background ............................................................................................................. 15 4.1.1. Non-iterative methods ................................................................................... 17 a. Bump mapping ...................................................................................... 17 b. Parallax mapping ................................................................................... 18 c. Parallax mapping with offset limiting ...................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Generating Real Time Reflections by Ray Tracing Approximate Geometry
    Generating Real Time Reflections by Ray Tracing Approximate Geometry Master’s thesis in Interaction Design and Technologies JOHAN FREDRIKSSON, ADAM SCOTT Department of Interaction Design and Technologies CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gothenburg, Sweden 2016 Master’s thesis 2016:123 Generating Real Time Reflections by Ray Tracing Approximate Geometry JOHAN FREDRIKSSON, ADAM SCOTT Department of Computer Science Division of Interaction Design and Technologies Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden 2016 Generating Real Time Reflections by Ray Tracing Approximate Geometry JOHAN FREDRIKSSON, ADAM SCOTT © JOHAN FREDRIKSSON, ADAM SCOTT, 2016. Supervisor: Erik Sintorn, Computer Graphics Examiner: Staffan Björk, Interaction Design and Technologies Master’s Thesis 2016:123 Department of Computer Science Division of Interaction Design and Technologies Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Gothenburg Cover: BVH encapsulating approximate geometry created in the Frostbite engine. Typeset in LATEX Gothenburg, Sweden 2016 iii Generating Real Time Reflections by Ray Tracing Approximated Geometry Johan Fredriksson, Adam Scott Department of Interaction Design and Technologies Chalmers University of Technology Abstract Rendering reflections in real time is important for realistic modern games. A com- mon way to provide reflections is by using environment mapping. This method is not an accurate way to calculate reflections and it consumes a lot of memory space. We propose a method of ray tracing approximate geometry in real time. By using approximate geometry it can be kept simple and the size of the bounding volume hierarchy will have a lower memory impact. The ray tracing is performed on the GPU and the bounding volumes are pre built on the CPU using surface area heuris- tics.
    [Show full text]
  • Brno University of Technology Rendering Of
    BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V BRNĚ FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA INFORMAČNÍCH TECHNOLOGIÍ DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA ÚSTAV POČÍTAČOVÉ GRAFIKY A MULTIMÉDIÍ RENDERING OF NONPLANAR MIRRORS ZOBRAZOVÁNÍ POKŘIVENÝCH ZRCADEL MASTER’S THESIS DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE AUTHOR Bc. MILOSLAV ČÍŽ AUTOR PRÁCE SUPERVISOR Ing. TOMÁŠ MILET VEDOUCÍ PRÁCE BRNO 2017 Abstract This work deals with the problem of accurately rendering mirror reflections on curved surfaces in real-time. While planar mirrors do not pose a problem in this area, non-planar surfaces are nowadays rendered mostly using environment mapping, which is a method of approximating the reflections well enough for the human eye. However, this approach may not be suitable for applications such as CAD systems. Accurate mirror reflections can be rendered with ray tracing methods, but not in real-time and therefore without offering interactivity. This work examines existing approaches to the problem and proposes a new algorithm for computing accurate mirror reflections in real-time using accelerated searching for intersections with depth profile stored in cubemap textures. This algorithm has been implemented using OpenGL and tested on different platforms. Abstrakt Tato práce se zabývá problémem přesného zobrazování zrcadlových odrazů na zakřiveném povrchu v reálném čase. Zatímco planární zrcadla nepředstavují v tomto ohledu problém, zakřivené povrchy se v dnešní době zobrazují především metodou environment mapping, která aproximuje reálné odrazy a nabízí výsledky uspokojivé pro lidské oko. Tento přístup však nemusí být vhodný např. v oblasti CAD systémů. Přesných zrcadlových odrazů se dá dosáhnout pomocí metod sledování paprsku, avšak ne v reálném čase a tudíž bez možnosti interaktivity.
    [Show full text]
  • 235-242.Pdf (449.2Kb)
    Eurographics/ IEEE-VGTC Symposium on Visualization (2007) Ken Museth, Torsten Möller, and Anders Ynnerman (Editors) Hardware-accelerated Stippling of Surfaces derived from Medical Volume Data Alexandra Baer Christian Tietjen Ragnar Bade Bernhard Preim Department of Simulation and Graphics Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany {abaer|tietjen|rbade|preim}@isg.cs.uni-magdeburg.de Abstract We present a fast hardware-accelerated stippling method which does not require any preprocessing for placing points on surfaces. The surfaces are automatically parameterized in order to apply stippling textures without ma- jor distortions. The mapping process is guided by a decomposition of the space in cubes. Seamless scaling with a constant density of points is realized by subdividing and summarizing cubes. Our mip-map technique enables ar- bitrarily scaling with one texture. Different shading tones and scales are facilitated by adhering to the constraints of tonal art maps. With our stippling technique, it is feasible to encode all scaling and brightness levels within one self-similar texture. Our method is applied to surfaces extracted from (segmented) medical volume data. The speed of the stippling process enables stippling for several complex objects simultaneously. We consider applica- tion scenarios in intervention planning (neck and liver surgery planning). In these scenarios, object recognition (shape perception) is supported by adding stippling to semi-transparently shaded objects which are displayed as context information. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism -Color, shading, shadowing, and texture 1. Introduction from breathing, pulsation or patient movement. Without a well-defined curvature field, hatching may be misleading by The effective visualization of complex anatomic surfaces is a emphasizing erroneous features of the surfaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Texture Mapping Objectives the Limits of Geometric Modeling
    Objectives •Introduce Mapping Methods Texture Mapping - Texture Mapping - Environment Mapping - Bump Mapping CS 432 Interactive Computer Graphics •Consider basic strategies Prof. David E. Breen - Forward vs backward mapping Department of Computer Science - Point sampling vs area averaging E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 1 E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 2 1 2 The Limits of Geometric Modeling an Orange Modeling •Although graphics cards can render over •Consider the problem of modeling an orange 20 million polygons per second, that (the fruit) number is insufficient for many phenomena •Start with an orange-colored sphere - Clouds - Too simple - Grass •Replace sphere with a more complex shape - Terrain - Does not capture surface characteristics (small - Skin dimples) - Takes too many polygons to model all the dimples E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 3 E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 4 3 4 Modeling an Orange (2) Three Types of Mapping •Take a picture of a real orange, scan it, •Texture Mapping and “paste” onto simple geometric model - Uses images to fill inside of polygons - This process is known as texture mapping •Environment (reflection mapping) •Still might not be sufficient because - Uses a picture of the environment for texture resulting surface will be smooth maps - Need to change local shape - Allows simulation of highly specular surfaces - Bump mapping •Bump mapping - Emulates altering normal vectors during the rendering process E. Angel and D. Shreiner: Interactive Computer Graphics 6E © Addison-Wesley 2012 5 E.
    [Show full text]
  • 2.5D 3D Axis-Aligned Bounding Box (AABB) Albedo Alpha Blending
    This page is dedicated to describing the commonly used terms when working with CRYENGINE V. As a use case, you may find yourself asking questions like "What is a Brush", "What is a Component", or Overview | Sections | # | A | B | C | D | E "What is POM?", this page will highlight and provide descriptions for those types of questions and more. | F | G | H | I | J | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R Once you have an understanding of what each term means, links are provided for more documentation | S | T | V | Y | Z and guidance on working with them. 2.5D Used to describe raycasting engines, such as Doom or Duke Nukem. The maps are generally drawn as 2D bitmaps with height properties but when rendered gives the appearance of being 3D. 3D Refers to the ability to move in the X, Y and Z axis and also rotate around the X, Y, and Z axes. Axis-aligned Bounding Box A form of a bounding box where the box is aligned to the axis therefore only two points in space are (AABB) needed to define it. AABB’s are much faster to use, and take up less memory, but are very limited in the sense that they can only be aligned to the axis. Albedo An albedo is a physical measure of a material’s reflectivity, generally across the visible spectrum of light. An albedo texture simulates a surface albedo as opposed to explicitly defining a colour for it. Alpha Blending Assigning varying levels of translucency to graphical objects, allowing the creation of things such as glass, fog, and ghosts.
    [Show full text]
  • Real-Time Recursive Specular Reflections on Planar and Curved Surfaces Using Graphics Hardware
    REAL-TIME RECURSIVE SPECULAR REFLECTIONS ON PLANAR AND CURVED SURFACES USING GRAPHICS HARDWARE Kasper Høy Nielsen Niels Jørgen Christensen Informatics and Mathematical Modelling The Technical University of Denmark DK 2800 Lyngby, Denmark {khn,njc}@imm.dtu.dk ABSTRACT Real-time rendering of recursive reflections have previously been done using different techniques. How- ever, a fast unified approach for capturing recursive reflections on both planar and curved surfaces, as well as glossy reflections and interreflections between such primitives, have not been described. This paper describes a framework for efficient simulation of recursive specular reflections in scenes containing both planar and curved surfaces. We describe and compare two methods that utilize texture mapping and en- vironment mapping, while having reasonable memory requirements. The methods are texture-based to allow for the simulation of glossy reflections using image-filtering. We show that the methods can render recursive reflections in static and dynamic scenes in real-time on current consumer graphics hardware. The methods make it possible to obtain a realism close to ray traced images at interactive frame rates. Keywords: Real-time rendering, recursive specular reflections, texture, environment mapping. 1 INTRODUCTION mapped surface sees the exact same surroundings re- gardless of its position. Static precalculated environ- Mirror-like reflections are known from ray tracing, ment maps can be used to create the notion of reflec- where shiny objects seem to reflect the surrounding tion on shiny objects. However, for modelling reflec- environment. Rays are continuously traced through tions similar to ray tracing, reflections should capture the scene by following reflected rays recursively un- the actual synthetic environment as accurately as pos- til a certain depth is reached, thereby capturing both sible, while still being feasible for interactive render- reflections and interreflections.
    [Show full text]
  • Ray Tracing Tutorial
    Ray Tracing Tutorial by the Codermind team Contents: 1. Introduction : What is ray tracing ? 2. Part I : First rays 3. Part II : Phong, Blinn, supersampling, sRGB and exposure 4. Part III : Procedural textures, bump mapping, cube environment map 5. Part IV : Depth of field, Fresnel, blobs 2 This article is the foreword of a serie of article about ray tracing. It's probably a word that you may have heard without really knowing what it represents or without an idea of how to implement one using a programming language. This article and the following will try to fill that for you. Note that this introduction is covering generalities about ray tracing and will not enter into much details of our implementation. If you're interested about actual implementation, formulas and code please skip this and go to part one after this introduction. What is ray tracing ? Ray tracing is one of the numerous techniques that exist to render images with computers. The idea behind ray tracing is that physically correct images are composed by light and that light will usually come from a light source and bounce around as light rays (following a broken line path) in a scene before hitting our eyes or a camera. By being able to reproduce in computer simulation the path followed from a light source to our eye we would then be able to determine what our eye sees. Of course it's not as simple as it sounds. We need some method to follow these rays as the nature has an infinite amount of computation available but we have not.
    [Show full text]
  • (543) Lecture 7 (Part 2): Texturing Prof Emmanuel
    Computer Graphics (543) Lecture 7 (Part 2): Texturing Prof Emmanuel Agu Computer Science Dept. Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) The Limits of Geometric Modeling Although graphics cards can render over 10 million polygons per second Many phenomena even more detailed Clouds Grass Terrain Skin Computationally inexpensive way to add details Image complexity does not affect the complexity of geometry processing 2 (transformation, clipping…) Textures in Games Everthing is a texture except foreground characters that require interaction Even details on foreground texture (e.g. clothes) is texture Types of Texturing 1. geometric model 2. texture mapped Paste image (marble) onto polygon Types of Texturing 3. Bump mapping 4. Environment mapping Simulate surface roughness Picture of sky/environment (dimples) over object Texture Mapping 1. Define texture position on geometry 2. projection 4. patch texel 3. texture lookup 3D geometry 2D projection of 3D geometry t 2D image S Texture Representation Bitmap (pixel map) textures: images (jpg, bmp, etc) loaded Procedural textures: E.g. fractal picture generated in .cpp file Textures applied in shaders (1,1) t Bitmap texture: 2D image - 2D array texture[height][width] Each element (or texel ) has coordinate (s, t) s and t normalized to [0,1] range Any (s,t) => [red, green, blue] color s (0,0) Texture Mapping Map? Each (x,y,z) point on object, has corresponding (s, t) point in texture s = s(x,y,z) t = t(x,y,z) (x,y,z) t s texture coordinates world coordinates 6 Main Steps to Apply Texture 1. Create texture object 2. Specify the texture Read or generate image assign to texture (hardware) unit enable texturing (turn on) 3.
    [Show full text]
  • NVIDIA Opengl Extension Specifications
    NVIDIA OpenGL Extension Specifications NVIDIA OpenGL Extension Specifications NVIDIA Corporation Mark J. Kilgard, editor mjk@nvidia.com May 21, 2001 1 NVIDIA OpenGL Extension Specifications Copyright NVIDIA Corporation, 1999, 2000, 2001. This document is protected by copyright and contains information proprietary to NVIDIA Corporation as designated in the document. Other OpenGL extension specifications can be found at: http://oss.sgi.com/projects/ogl-sample/registry/ 2 NVIDIA OpenGL Extension Specifications Table of Contents Table of NVIDIA OpenGL Extension Support.............................. 4 ARB_imaging........................................................... 6 ARB_multisample....................................................... 7 ARB_multitexture..................................................... 18 ARB_texture_border_clamp............................................. 19 ARB_texture_compression.............................................. 25 ARB_texture_cube_map................................................. 48 ARB_texture_env_add.................................................. 62 ARB_texture_env_combine.............................................. 65 ARB_texture_env_dot3................................................. 73 ARB_transpose_matrix................................................. 76 EXT_abgr............................................................. 81 EXT_bgra............................................................. 84 EXT_blend_color...................................................... 86 EXT_blend_minmax....................................................
    [Show full text]