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Bird Species Richness and Diversity of Lokoja and Environs, Kogi State, Nigeria

Bird Species Richness and Diversity of Lokoja and Environs, Kogi State, Nigeria

Adang, Tanko, Kachi & Abdulwahab Proceedings of 6th NSCB Biodiversity Conference; Uniuyo 2018 (117 - 124pp)

Bird Richness and Diversity of Lokoja and Environs, ,

*ADANG Kombe Lucas, TANKO Dauda, KACHI Jolly and ABDULWAHAB Umarfarooq Adavudi Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Lokoja, PMB 1154, Kogi State. *Corresponding author: [email protected]; Phone: +2348033686583

Abstract: A study on the species richness and diversity of Lokoja and its environs was conduct between November 2016 and February 2018, using the point count and line transects methods. The bird species encountered were identified with the aid of a field guide and recorded bird songs. Diversity was determined by noting the habitat type on which each bird was encountered. One hundred and eight species of belonging to fifty-six taxonomic groups and forty-three families were recorded. The families with their number of species recorded were (9), Sylviidae (9), Turdidae (8), (7), Columbidae (6), Nectariniidae (5), (5), Ardeidae (3), (3), Musophagidae (3), Cuculidae (3), Capitonidae (3), Malaconopidae (3), (3), Phasianidae (2), Psittacidae (2), Bucerotidae (2), Hirundiniidae (2), Timaliidae (2), Pycnonotidae (2, Apodiae (2), Corvidae (2) and Emberizidae (2). The other twenty families had one species each. New bird records were obtained for the area such as the ( fringilloides) of the Estrildidae family, the Green ( persa) and Violet Turaco (Musophaga violacea), of family Musophagidae, the Egyptian Plover (Pluvianus aegyptius) of family Charadriidae and the Pallid Harrier (Circus macrourus) of family Accipitridae, a near threatened (NT) species. These bird species were characteristics of specific habitat types since they were only found in these areas. A further research is being proposed that will cover the entire Kogi State, with more diverse habitat types.

Keywords: Avifauna, species richness, diversity, Lokoja, Kogi State

INTRODUCTION composition (species richness) and their distribution Birds are the only with feathers and that can (diversity) over time are believed to be of particular fly because their fore limbs are modified into a pair of interest to the conservation of nature (Bibby, 1999). wings. They are unique in laying and in showing great parental care for their young, only next to Since the creation of Kogi State in 1991, the State’s (Campbell et al., 2008). Birds are lively and capital Lokoja and its environs have undergone lovely, gentle and vicious, peaceful and harmless, shy significant changes in terms of urbanization, and cheeky, colourful and beautiful, faithful and construction and landscaping activities that have faithless. Their songs and calls are fascinating and resulted in the destruction, alteration and modification melodious, adding much pleasure and beauty to life. of habitats. Birds are everywhere and can be identified easily (Attenborough, 1998). Despite the strategic location and importance of Lokoja as the confluence city of rivers and Benue, Birds are easily observable and are valued for a number information on birdlife of the city is scanty. The only of reasons ranging from being good ecological available information is a preliminary checklist of indicators of environmental conditions to also being avifauna within Lokoja Metropolis by Tanko et al. key species that could be used as biological models for (2017). This work is therefore a further study of the education and public awareness (Bibby et al., 2000; avifauna of Lokoja and its environs recommended by Clergeau et al., 2001). A healthy environment is often Tanko et al. (2017). This work seems timely and best indicated by the presence of diverse bird relevant, considering the global environmental populations capable of sustainable reproduction challenges facing the world at large and the State in (Kress, 2000). particular at the moment.

Birds have species that are characteristic of particular Most previous works have dealt with the avifauna of habitats, environments, vegetations, biotypes and Nigeria as a whole, of which the most important has ecosystems (Bibby et al., 2000). Such species have been Elgood et al. (1994). The findings of this study requirements that are restricted to their habitats and are will thus, provide further baseline information on the more sensitive to changes in the environment and avifauna of Lokoja and environs and also contribute to easily disappear or get disturbed as a result of habitat the on-going Nigeria Bird Atlas Project as most of the destruction or degradation (Bird life International, birds identified are being atlas to the project’s web site. 2000). It has been reported that records and information A further study is being proposed for a detailed and gathered from bird-watching, play important roles in more comprehensive study of the avifauna of Kogi defining public and scientific perceptions of birds and State. the need to protect them (Bibby, 1999). Trends in

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Adang, Tanko, Kachi & Abdulwahab Proceedings of 6th NSCB Biodiversity Conference; Uniuyo 2018 (117 - 124pp)

include Sida acuta, Chromolaena odorata Mimosa pudica and Cassia tora.

Site selection The areas sampled were Federal University Lokoja take-off site at Adankolo, Federal University Lokoja permanent site at Felele, Ganaja ferry site, Mount Patti, Old Polytechnic quarters, Kpata old market and Lokongoma Phase II. The sampled sites were identified and chosen for this survey based on their unique ecological features. These areas comprise of diverse habitat types. The climate of Lokoja is described as the tropical wet and dry climate of the Koppen’s classification. It is characterized by two seasons, wet and dry seasons. The rain begins in May and ends in October. The maximum temperature is 37.9˚ C between December and April. The average annual rainfall is about 1000 mm and has a relative humidity of 60% (Alabi, 2012).

Identification of bird species The imaginary line transects and point count methods of watching and identifying birds in the field described by Bibby et al. (2000) were used. Field visits were made to the selected sites during which the birds encountered were observed and identified with the aid of a field guide of Birds of Western by Borrow & Demey (2013). A pair of binoculars was used for sighting distant birds and birds that were not visibly seen were identified by listening to the sounds made by them and compared to the recorded bird songs on an android phone.

Determination of residence status of the birds Going by the field guide for Birds of Western Africa by Borrow & Demey, (2013), a bird species was connoted as resident if it is a species that resides within its range throughout the year and breeds. An intra- African migrant was a species that breeds in one part of Africa and spends the post-breeding season in a different part, or appears only seasonally in another part. A palearctic migrant was a species that breeds in METHODOLOGY the palearctic region (Europe, N. Africa and part of Study area Asia) and spends the northern winter in sub-saharan o ’ ” Lokoja metropolis lies between Latitude 7 48 8 N and Africa. o ’ ’’ Longitude 6 44 38 E. Lokoja is surrounded in the west by the River Niger at an altitude of 45-125 metres Encountered rate and relative abundance of the above sea level and in the east by pockets of hills of birds which the highest is the Patti ridge (Alabi, 2012). The encountered rate and relative abundance was Lokoja has been categorized to be within the calculated according to Bibby et al. (2000) using the savannah belt, even though it has now being modified formula: into derived savannah. This has been due to 푋 anthropogenic activities such as bush clearing, burning 퐸푅 = 푥 10 푌 and lumbering. Most of the areas sampled consist of Where: ER = Encountered rate; X = Number of birds secondary re-growth, of short grasses like Andropogon encountered; Y = Time taken to record them; 10 = tectorum, Bambusa vulgaris, Panicum laxum and The standardizing factor. Cynodon dactylon. The tree species found in the areas include, Carapa procera, guineensis and Enantia chlorantha, while the other plant species 118

Adang, Tanko, Kachi & Abdulwahab Proceedings of 6th NSCB Biodiversity Conference; Uniuyo 2018 (117 - 124pp)

The relative abundance of the bird species was done by placing them into categories as shown in the The checklist produced by this study, provides further following: baseline information on the avifauna of the area and < 5 = Uncommon; 6 - 11 = Common; 12 - 20 = forms the basis for further research that could be Frequent; >20 = Abundant. expanded to cover the entire Kogi State. The survey does not give a complete checklist of the birds of RESULTS Lokoja and environs, but is however, a reflection of the One hundred and eight (108) species of birds belonging bird species richness and diversity of the area. to fifty-six (56) taxonomic groups and forty-three (43) Of the birds identified, a good number were members families were recorded. The families with their number of the Nectariniidae family which are pollinators of our of species recorded were Estrildidae (9), Sylviidae (9), economic crops. Members of the of the family Turdidae (8), Accipitridae (7), Columbidae (6), Estrildidae which are the Estrildid finches were the Nectariniidae (5), Ploceidae (5), Ardeidae (3), most encountered and the Magpie Mannikin Falconidae (3), Musophagidae (3), Cuculidae (3), (Spermestes fringilloides) was of high interest Capitonidae (3), Malaconopidae (3), Viduidae (3), considering the fact that its map distribution as reported Phasianidae (2), Psittacidae (2), Bucerotidae (2), by early researchers, did not cover the North Central Hirundiniidae (2), Timaliidae (2), Pycnonotidae (2), region of Nigeria to which Lokoja belongs (Elgood et Apodiae (2), Corvidae (2) and Emberizidae (2). The al., 1994). other twenty families had one species each (Table 1). Estrildid finches are known seed eaters, feeding on The number of birds recorded per sampled area were as seeds, which helps to reduce or control weed on farms. follows: Federal University Lokoja take-off site at Their abundance in the area could have been as a result Adankolo (23), Federal University Lokoja permanent of opening up of the area by way of urbanization, site at Felele (32), Ganaja ferry site (18), Mount Patti resulting in the modification or alteration of the habitat (34), Old Polyquarters (25), Kpata old market (15) and and probably making the area more conducive and Lokongoma Phase II (22) (Table 1). One hundred and suitable for these species. three (103) bird species were found to be residents, 18 were intra-African migrants, and 9 palearctic migrants The Pallid Harrier of family Accipitridae which are (Table 1). Forty-seven (47) bird species were birds of prey was found to be a near threatened (NT) considered common, 40 uncommon, 16 frequent and 6 species. Members of the family Accipitridae are abundant (Table 1). predators feeding on smaller birds, which may be pests All the bird species identified were of Least Concern to crops on farms. The of family 3.1 IUCN Status except for one that had near Msusophagidae are frugivores, feeding on fruits and threatened status (Table 1). could play an important role in regeneration. Members of the Turdidae and Sylvidae which feed on DISCUSSION could help in the control of some harmful The 108 species of birds in 43 bird families recorded in insects which are pests to man and his crops and this study appears higher than the 64 species of birds in . 30 families recorded by Tanko et al. (2017), 37 species of birds in 25 bird families recorded by Adang et al. New bird records were obtained for the area such as the (2015a) for birds of Gombe State University, Gombe, Magpie Mannikin (Spermestes fringilloides) of the 60 species of birds in 27 bird families recorded by Estrildidae family, the Green Turaco (Tauraco persa) Adang et al. (2015b) for birds of Dadin Kowa dam, and Violet Turaco (Musophaga violacea), of family Gombe and 54 species of birds in 31 bird families that Musophagidae which are montane species sighted at declined to 51 species of birds in 29 bird families as a Mount Patti, the Egyptian Plover (Pluvianus aegyptius) result of habitat alteration in by Tanko & Ivande of family Charadriidae sighted at the Ganaja ferry site, (2006). the Pallid Harrier (Circus macrourus) of family Accipitridae, a near threatened (NT) species sighted at The high number of birds found in Lokoja and its the Federal University Lokoja, take off site at environs, portrays Lokoja as a healthy environment for Adankolo. These bird species were characteristics of both plant and life since birds are considered as these habitat types since they were only found in these excellent bioindicators of the health status of an areas. environment (Bibby, 1999). The record of 43 bird families, out of the 181 families of bird known to man The Parrot of family Psittacidae, Magpie globally and up to 103 resident bird species and 47 of Mannikin of family Estrildidae and the Green Turaco, them common to the area, attest to the fact that Lokoja Violet Turaco and Western Grey Plantain eater of area is rich in avifauna, indicating richness in family Musophagidae are said to be endemic to Africa biodiversity (Bibby et al., 2000). (Birdlife International, 2000).

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Adang, Tanko, Kachi & Abdulwahab Proceedings of 6th NSCB Biodiversity Conference; Uniuyo 2018 (117 - 124pp)

Bibby, C. J., Burgess, N. D. & Hill, D. A. (2000). Bird Some of the bird species recorded in this study have census techniques. Academic Press London.pp.302. some cultural significance or value among the different Bird Life International (2000). Threatened birds of the cultures in Kogi State. For example, the Senegal world. Lynx Editions. pp.852. locally known as “Obututu” in Igala is regarded Borrow, N. & Demey, R. (2013). Birds of Western Africa. as lazy or “lazy man”, the Common Bulbul known as Christopher Helm, London. pp. 511. “Ochiri” is seen as a very noisy bird or “noise maker”, Campbell, N. A., Reece, L.A., Cain, M. L. Wasserman, S. A., Minorsky, P. V. & Jackson, R. B. (2008). Biology the Laughing Dove known as “Okede” is regarded as a th pest to grains on farmlands, the Pied Crow known as (8 edition) Pearson International Edition, Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, Canada. “Otakarawa” is referred to as a messenger or carrier of Clergeau, P., Mennechez, G., Sauvage, A. & Lemoine, A. good news etc (Pers. Comm.). (2001). Human perception and These call for conservation interest and the basis for appreciation of birds: A motivation for wildlife further research. conservation in urban environments of France. In: Avian Ecology in an Urbanizing World, pp.69-88, The results indicate that bird species in Lokoja and (Marzluff, J.M.; Brwman, R. and Donnelly, R. eds). environs could be residents, intra-African migrants or Kuwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, M. A. palearctic migrants and based on their relative Elgood, J. H., Heigham, J. B., Amberley, M. M., Anne, abundance, they be could common, uncommon, M. N., Sharland, R. E. & Skinner, frequent or abundant. N. J. (1994). The Birds of Nigeria. B.O.U. Check-list No. 9. B.O.U. London. All the bird species identified were of Least Concern Ijeomah, H.M., Chima, U.D. & Okagbare, O. H. (2013). 3.1 IUCN Status except for the Pallid Harrier that had Ecological survey of avifaunal resources in a near threatened status university of , Nigeria. Ethiopian (http://www.iucnredlist.org/search). This implies that Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, most of the birds identified are not threatened, 6 (6):20-13. endangered, vulnerable, near threatened or data IUCN http://www.iucnredlist.org/search deficient (Birdlife International, 2000). Kress, S. W. (2000). Birder’s Handbook. Dorling Kindersley Publishing, Inc., New York. CONCLUSION Mikusinski, G., Gromadzki, M. & Chylarecki, P. (2001). Woodpeckers as indicators of forest bird diversity. The study has added to the baseline data generated by Conservation Biology, 15(1): 208-217. Tanko et al. (2017) that could stimulate and facilitate Sauberer, N., Zulka, K. P., Abensperg-Traun, M., Berg, future research. This study therefore recommends that H. M., Bieringer, G., Milasowszky, N., Moser, D., a detailed study of the avifauna of the entire Kogi State Plutzar, C., Pollheimer, M., Storch, C., Trostl, R., be conducted in order to ascertain the avifauna richness Zechmeister, H. & Grabherr, G. (2004). Surrogate and diversity of the area. taxa for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes of eastern Austria. Biological Conservation, 117(2): REFERENCES 181-190. Adang, K. L., Nsor, C. A. & Tela, M. (2015a). Survey of Tanko, D. & Ivande, S. T. (2006). A survey of the avifauna of Gombe State University, Gombe, Avifauna of relatively undisturbed vegetation in Nigeria. International Journal of Biology and Zaria, Nigeria. A paper presented at the 2nd Biennial Biological Sciences, 4(2): 032-036. Conference of the Ecological Society of Nigeria Adang, K. L., Nsor, C. A. & Tela, M. (2015b). Checklist (EcSN) held at on 20th-24th October, 2009. of bird species at the Dadin Kowa Dam, Gombe, Tanko, D., Adang, K. L., & Kachi, J. B. (2017). Gombe State, Nigeria. Global Advanced Research Preliminary checklist of avifauna within Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(5):276-270. Lokoja metropolis, Kogi State, Nigeria. Alabi, M. O. (2012).Urban Landscape Planning and Soil International Journal of Applied Biological Variation in Nigeria: Lokoja as a Case Study. Research. In press Canadian Social Science 8 (5): 99-104. Thomson, J. R., Fleishman, E., Mac Nally, R. & Dobkin, DOI:10.3968/j.css.1923669720120805.1090. D. S. (2007). Comparison of predictor sets for species Attenborough, D. (1998). The life of birds. BBC Books, richness and the number of rare species of butterflies and London, U. K. birds. Journal of Biogeography, 34(1): 90-101. Bibby, C. J. (1999). Making the most of birds as environmental indicators. Ostrich,70: 81 -88.

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Table 1: Taxonomic groups, families and bird species of Lokoja and environs, Kogi State, Nigeria S/N Taxonomic Family Scientific name Common name Residence & abundance status Relative IUCN status group Abundance 1 Cormorants Struthionidae Phalacrocorax africanus Long-tailed Cormorant Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 2 Egrets Ardeidae Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Resident/ 12-20 Least Concern Intra-African migrant & Frequent 3 Herons Ardeidae Butorides striata Green-backed Heron Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 4 Herons Ardeidae Ardea cinerea Grey Heron Resident/Palearctic migrant & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 5 Kites Accipitridae Elanus caeruleus Black-shouldered Kite Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 6 Kites Accipitridae Milvus migrans Yellow-billed Kite Intra-African migrant/Palearctic 12-20 Least Concern migrant/Resident & Frequent 7 Sparrow Accipitridae Accipiter budius Shikra Resident/intra-African migrant & Common 6-11 Least Concern 8 Goshawks Acccipitridae Micronisus gabar Gabar Goshawk Resident & Frequent 12-20 Least Concern 9 Eagles Accipitridae Lophaetus occipitalis Long-crested Eagle Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 10 Harriers Accipitridae Polyboroides typus African Harrier Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 11 Harriers Accipitridae Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier Palearctic migrant & Uncommon <5 Near Threatened 12 Falcons Falconidae Falco biarmicus Lanner Resident/Palearctic migrant & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 13 Falcons Falconidae Falco tinnunculus Common Kestrel Resident/Palearctic migrant & Common 6-11 Least Concern 14 Falcons Falconidae Falco ardosiaceus Grey Kestrel Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 15 Partridges Phasianidae Ptilopachus petrosus Stone Partridge Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 16 Francolins Phasianidae Francolinus Double-spurred Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern bicalcaratus 17 Plovers Charadriidae Pluvianus aegyptius Egyptian Plover Resident/ <5 Least Concern Intra-African migrant & Uncommon 18 Doves Columbidae Turtur abyssinicus Black-billed wood Dove Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 19 Doves Columbidae Steptopelia vinacea Vinaceous Dove Resident/ 6-11 Least Concern Intra-African migrant & Common 20 Doves Columbidae Streptopelia Laughing Dove Resident & Abundant >20 Least Concern senegalensis 21 Doves Columbidae Streptopelia Red-eyed Dove Resident & Frequent 12-20 Least Concern semitorquata 22 Doves Columbidae Columba livia domestica Rock Dove Resident & Frequent 12-20 Least Concern 23 Pigeons Columbidae Treron waalia Bruce’s Pigeon Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 24 Parrots Psittacidae Poicephalus senegalus Senegal Parrot Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 25 Parrots Psittacidae Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed Parakeet Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern

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Adang, Tanko, Kachi & Abdulwahab Proceedings of 6th NSCB Biodiversity Conference; Uniuyo 2018 (117 - 124pp)

26 Turacos Musophagidae piscator Western grey Plantain- Resident & Frequent 12-20 Least Concern eater 27 Turacos Musophagidae Musophaga violacea Violet Turaco Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 28 Turacos Musophagidae Tauraco persa Green Turaco Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 29 Cuckoos Cuculidae Chrysococcyx caprius Didric Intra-African migrant/Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 30 Cuculidae Chrysococcyx klaas Klaas’s Cuckoo Intra-African migrant/Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 31 Cuculidae Centropus Senegal Coucal Resident & Abundant >20 Least Concern senegalensis 32 Owls Tytonidae Tyto alba Barn Owl Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 33 Owls Strigidae Glaucidium perlatum Pearl-spotted Owlet Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 34 Night jars Caprimulgidae Macrodipteryx Standard- winged Resident/Palearctic migrant & Common 6-11 Least Concern longipennis Nightjar 35 Swifts Apodidae Apus affinis Little Swift Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 36 Swifts Apodidae Cypsiurus parvus African palm Swift Resident & Frequent 12-20 Least Concern 37 Kingfishers Alcedinidae Ceryle rudis Pied Kingfisher Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 38 Rollers Abyssinian Roller Intra-African migrant & Common 6-11 Least Concern abyssinicus 39 Bucerotidae Tockus Red-billed Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern erythrorhynchus 40 Hornbills Bucerotidae Tockus nasutus African Grey Hornbill Intra-African migrant/Resident & Frequent 12-20 Least Concern 41 Barbets Capitonidae Pogoniulus Yellow-fronted Tinker Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern chrysoconus bird 42 Barbets Capitonidae Pogoniulus bilineatus Yellow-rumped Tinker Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern bird 43 Barbets Capitonidae Lybiusvieillototi Vieillot’s Barbet Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 44 Honey-guides Indicatoridae Indicator indicator Greater Honey-guide Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 45 Woodpecker Picidae Dendropicos goertae Grey Woodpecker Resident/Frequent 12-20 Least Concern 46 Swallows Hirundiniidae Hirundo angolensis Ethiopian Swallow Resident/Intra-African migrant & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 47 Martins Hirundiniidae Hirundo fulgula Rock Martin Resident/Palearctic migrant & Common 6-11 Least Concern 48 Cuckoo- Campephagida Coracina pectoralis White-breasted Cuckoo- Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern Shrikes e Shrike 49 Bulbuls Pycnonotidae Pcynonotus barbatus Common Bulbul Resident & Abundant >20 Least Concern 50 Bulbuls Pycnonotidae Chlorocichla flavicollis Yellow-fronted Leaflove Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 51 Thrushes Turdidae Turdus pelios African Thrush Resident & Frequent 12-20 Least Concern 52 Chats Turdidae nigra Sooty Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 33 Chats Turdidae Myrmecocichla White-fronted black Chat Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern albifrons

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Adang, Tanko, Kachi & Abdulwahab Proceedings of 6th NSCB Biodiversity Conference; Uniuyo 2018 (117 - 124pp)

54 Chats Turdidae Myrmecocichla Cliff Chat Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern cinnamomeiventris 55 Chats Turdidae Myrmecocichla aethiops Northern anteater Chat Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 56 Chats Turdidae Cercomela familiaris Familiar Chat Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 57 Chats Turdidae Saxicola rubetra Whin Chat Palearctic migrant & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 58 Robin Chats Turdidae Cossypha niveicapilla Snowy-crowned robin Resident/Intra-African migrant & Uncommon <5 Least Concern Chat 59 Warblers Sylviidae pusilla Senegal Eremomela Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 60 Warblers Sylviidae Camaroptera Grey-backed Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern brachyura Camaroptera 61 Warblers Sylviidae Sylvia borin Garden Warbler Palearctic migrant & Common 6-11 Least Concern 62 Warblers Sylviidae Prinia subflava Tawny-flanked Prinia Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 63 Cisticolas Sylviidae Cisticola galactotes Winding Cisticola Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 64 Cisticolas Sylviidae Cisticola aberrans Rock-loving Cisticola Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 65 Cisticolas Sylviidae Cisticola juncidis Zitting Cisticola Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 66 Cisticolas Sylviidae Cisticola cantans Singing Cisticola Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 67 Cisticolas Sylviidae Cisticola brachypterus Short-winged Cisticola Resident & Frequent 12-20 Least Concern 68 Flycatchers Muscicapidae Melaenornis pallidus Pale Flycatcher Resident/Frequent 12-20 Least Concern 69 Monarchs Monarchidae longicauda African blue Flycatcher Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 70 Batises Platysteiriidae Batis senegalensis Senegal Batis Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 71 Babblers Timaliidae Turdoides plebejus Brown Babbler Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 72 Babblers Timaliidae Turdoides reinwardtii Blackcap Babbler Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 73 Tits Paridae Parus guineensis White-shouldered black Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern Tit 74 Sunbirds Nectariniidae cupreus Copper Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 75 Nectariniidae Chalcomitra senegalensis Scarlet-chested Sunbird Resident/Intra-African migrant & Common 6-11 Least Concern 76 Sunbirds Nectariniidae Hedydipna platura Pygmy Sunbird Resident/Intra-African migrant & Common 6-11 Least Concern 77 Sunbirds Nectariniidae Cinnyris minullus Variable Sunbird Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 78 Sunbirds Nectariniidae Cinnyris pulchellus Beautiful Sunbird Resident/ Intra-African migrant & Common 6-11 Least Concern 79 White-eyes Zosteropidae Zosterops senegalensis African Yellow White- Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern eye 80 True Laniidae Corvinella corvina Yellow-Billed Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 81 Bush Shrikes Malaconotidae Tchagra senegalus Black-crowned Tchagra Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 82 Bush Shrikes Malaconotidae Nilaus afer Brubru Resident & Frequent 12-20 Least Concern 83 Bush-Shrikes Malaconotidae Dryoscopus senegalensis Northern Puffback Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 84 Helmet- Prionopidae Prionops plumatus White helmet-Shrike Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern Shrikes 85 Orioles Oriolidae Oriolus auratus African golden Oriole Intra-African migrant & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 123

Adang, Tanko, Kachi & Abdulwahab Proceedings of 6th NSCB Biodiversity Conference; Uniuyo 2018 (117 - 124pp)

86 Crows Corvidae Corvus albus Pied Crow Resident & Abundant >20 Least Concern 87 Crows Corvidae Ptilostomus afer Piapiac Resident & Abundant >20 Least Concern 88 Starlings Sturnidae Lamprotornis caudatus Long-tailed glossy Resident & Frequent 12-20 Least Concern Starling 89 Sparrows Passeridae Passer griseus Northern grey-headed Resident & Abundant >20 Least Concern Sparrow 90 Weavers Ploceidae Ploceus melanocephalus Black-headed Weaver Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 91 Weavers Ploceidae Ploceus cucullatus Village Weaver Resident & Frequent 12-20 Least Concern 92 Weavers Ploceidae Petronia dentata Bush Petronia Resident & Intra-African migrant & <5 Least Concern Uncommon 93 Weavers Ploceidae Ploceus luteolus Little Weaver Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 94 Bishops Ploceidae Euplectes franciscanus Northern red Bishop Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 95 Estrildid Estrildidae Spermestes fringilloides Magpie Mannikin Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern Finches 96 Estrildid Estrildidae Spermestes bicolor Black-and-white Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern Finches Mannikin 97 Estrildid Estrildidae Uraeginthus bengalus Red-cheeked Cordon- Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern Finches bleu 98 Estrildid Estrildidae Lagonosticta senegala Red-billed Firefinch Resident & Frequent 12-20 Least Concern Finches 99 Estrildid Estrildidae Lagonosticta rufopicta Bar-breasted Firefinch Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern Finches 100 Estrildid Estrildidae cantans African Silverbill Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern Finches 101 Estrildid Estrildidae Spermestes cucullatus Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern Finches 102 Estrildid Estrildidae Serinus mozambicus Yellow–fronted Canary Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern Finches 103 Estrildid Estrildidae Estrilda melpoda Orange cheeked Waxbill Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern Finches 104 Whydahs Viduidae macroura Pin-tailed Whydah Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 105 Indigobirds Viduidae Vidua camerunensis Indigobird Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 106 Indigobirds Viduidae Vidua chalybeata Village Indigobird Resident & Uncommon <5 Least Concern 107 Buntings Emberizidae Emberiza cabanisi Cabanis’s Bunting Resident & Common 6-11 Least Concern 108 Buntings Emberizidae Emberiza tahapisi Cinnamon-breasted rock Resident/Intra-African migrant & Common 6-11 Least Concern Bunting

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