ISIS 2011 The ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source Review of the Year ISIS 2011 ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

ISIS 2011 ISIS provides world-class facilities for neutron and muon investigations of materials across a diverse range of science disciplines. ISIS 2011 details the work of the facility over the past year, including accounts of science highlights, descriptions of major instrument and accelerator developments and the facility’s publications for the year.

Contents

3 Foreword

6 Science highlights

8 Life sciences 10 Enegy and catalysis 12 Quantum matter 1 ISIS 2011 was produced for the ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, 14 Supermolecular science and nanotechnology Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK ISIS Director, Dr Andrew Taylor 01235 446681 16 Quantum matter 2 ISIS User Office 01235 445592 18 Materials and technologies ISIS Facility Web pages http://www.isis.stfc.ac.uk

ISIS 2011 production team: David Clements, Felix Fernandez-Alonso, Tatiana Guidi, Philip King, Anders Markvardsen, Jim Nightingale, Stewart Parker, Rob Washington 22 Technology and training Design and layout: Ampersand Design Ltd, Wantage. Printed by ESP Colour Limited and STFC Photographic and Reprographic Services 24 Advances in instruments and techniques September 2011 © Science and Technology Facilities Council 2011 28 Accelerator and target news 32 A year around ISIS Enquiries about copyright, reproduction and requests for additional copies of this report should be addressed to: STFC Library and Information Services, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX email: [email protected] 38 ISIS Publications

Neither the Council nor the Laboratory accept any responsibility for loss or damage arising from the use of information contained in any of their reports or in any 52 ISIS seminars 2010-2011 communication about their tests or investigations. 54 ISIS panels

1 ISIS 2011 ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Right: Andrew Smith MP learning about neutron reflectometry from Rob Dalgliesh (ISIS) during his visit in July. Foreword

Lord Alec Broers, Chairman of Right: Patxi Lopez, Lehendakari During a visit to ISIS on 14 March 2011, Universities and Science Minister Diamond Light Source Ltd., with the Basque Government President Offspec instrument in the ISIS visited ISIS in March. He is seen David Willetts announced an £11 million investment to start the second phase Second Target Station. here discussing ISIS science with of instruments at the ISIS second target station. This was closely followed by a ISIS Director Andrew Taylor. further £10 million announced by Chancellor George Osborne in the budget on 23 March. This is fantastic news for ISIS and a superb reflection on the outstanding work of the ISIS user community and staff in delivering world-leading science and technology. The success of ISIS continues to be recognised at the highest levels within the UK government, and the impact of ISIS science is clearly appreciated. The combined funding of £21 million, together with additional contributions from ISIS partner countries, will finance the construction of four new instruments within the ISIS second target station: Chipir, Imat, Zoom and Larmor. These instruments will add world-class capabilities in microchip screening, neutron imaging and small angle scattering, together with extending the time- and length-scales of neutron experiments. Exciting days ahead. Creating new instruments enables us to deliver world-class science. From novel magnetism to new types of solar cell; practical hydrogen storage materials to antibiotics for life-threatening illnesses; human tissue protein studies to silicates for catalysis – research at ISIS spans a huge range pure and applied science areas, a range that will continue to grow as new instrument capabilities are added. But also part of enabling ISIS science is the work of keeping the ISIS accelerator complex up and David Willetts MP, Minister for Universities and Science, visited running. This year saw a six month maintenance shut-down which was several years in the planning. ISIS in March. During his visit A huge amount of work – some 700 small projects, together with several large projects – took place he announced £11M funding to keep the ISIS machine and instruments going well into the future. I would like to thank ISIS staff for the Chipir instrument, to be Above: Nicola Blackwood MP for all their work not just in the shut-down itself, but for the years of preparatory work beforehand. touring the ISIS Second built on the ISIS Second Target Station, and near right: Target Station with Sarah We deliver world-class science with impact in many areas, and we maintain, operate and develop Rogers (ISIS) in February. considering soft matter science at ISIS with Julian Eastoe our accelerators and instruments – these things are central to ISIS. But also key are the many other Below: John Howell MP (left) (Bristol University). visited ISIS in June with activities that form part of the life of the facility – ISIS engineers working with AS level school Andrew Taylor (Director, ISIS). students on detector projects; ISIS scientists and engineers winning prizes for their work in national competitions; staff enthusing school children at UK science fairs; receiving students and members of the public as visitors to explain what we do and to encourage the next generation of scientists. These are all signs of the health and maturity of the ISIS community. ISIS is not immune to the current financial pressures, and we find ourselves facing a reduced level of operations. Despite this, we are seeking to maintain ISIS at the forefront of neutron and muon science. Together with our user community we will strive to deliver another exciting year of excellent science.

Andrew Taylor Director

2 3 ISIS 2011 ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Above right: In October ISIS welcomed the Mayor of Tokai- The STFC Science Board visited ISIS in October. ISIS has had ongoing collaborations with KEK Prof Andrew Hamilton (Vice-Chancellor, Oxford Mura, Japan, Mr Tasuya Murakami, together with other Science Board members provide advice on all in Japan for many years. Osamu Shimomura, University) and colleagues visited ISIS in members of the Tokai-Mura village and senior staff from J- aspects of STFC’s science and technology Director, Institute of Materials Structure September. Left to right: Prof Ian Walmsley (Pro- PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Complex) and the Japan programme. Left to right: Prof Anthony Watts Science, KEK, and other KEK members, visited Vice Chancellor, Research, Oxford University), Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). J-PARC is located on the Tokai (Oxford University), Prof Steven Rose (Imperial ISIS in June. Here, Prof Shimomura is Prof Richard Wade (STFC Chief Operating site of JAEA. College London), Prof Guenter Rosner presenting Andrew Taylor, ISIS Director, with a Officer) Prof Andrew Hamilton, Dr Andrew Above centre: The Rt Revd John Pritchard, Bishop of Oxford, (Glasgow University), Prof Shiela Rowan gift to mark the ISIS-KEK collaboration. Taylor (Director, ISIS) and Prof Angus Kirkland visited ISIS in March with other members of the Wallingford (Glasgow University), Prof Bob Newport (Department of Materials, Oxford University). Deanery. He is seen here in the ISIS Second Target Station (University of Kent), Prof Tony Ryan (Sheffield with Andrew Kaye and Philip King (ISIS). University), Prof Matt Griffin (Cardiff University), Prof Neville Greaves (Aberystwyth Below: In January ISIS hosted Above left: RAL held an open day for the general public on University), Prof Jon Butterworth (University visitors from the King Abdulaziz 9th June 2011. Here we see Sean Langridge (ISIS) with College London). City for Science and Technology visitors in the ISIS Second Target Station. (KACST), Saudi Arabia. Here David Left: The Schools Science Prizes were presented at RAL in Barlow (left) and Jayne Lawrence October. Pupils were nominated by their teacher and (right), Kings College London, are received a certificate and book tokens to encourage their Right: In December ISIS had an exhibition at discussing biomolecular science future development as scientists. Here Christopher Stewart the Cornerstone gallery in near-by Didcot. The applications of neutrons with (Lord Williams's School, Thame) is helping Stephen Boag and exhibition enabled members of the public to Muhanna Al Muhanna (KACST) Max Skoda (ISIS) during their demonstrations of the science experience ISIS science and technology and Hamid Al-Shejni (STFC). of the very (very) cold and how it is used in superconducting through photos, pictures and hands-on magnets in ISIS and the Large Hadron Collider. displays. Bill Heine, BBC Radio Oxford presenter, was one of the visitors to attend the opening evening.

A year around ISIS

Johnson Matthey scientists Barry Murrer, Peter Bishop, 4 Jonathan Sharman and Sue Ellis visited ISIS in November. 5 ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

The advanced facilities provided by ISIS enable world-class research to be performed by scientists from around the world together with facility staff. Academic and industrial applications of the intense neutron and muon beams encompass a very broad range of science areas. Presented in the following pages are brief summaries of recent science highlights Highlights of ISIS science

6 7 HIGHLIGHTS OF ISIS SCIENCE ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

How does the Dynamics in

antibiotic amphotericin work? lipid vesicles The structure of a lipid molecule is shown on F Foglia, A Dabkowska, MJ Lawrence, DJ Barlow (King’s College London), Y Gerelli (Università di Parma, Italy and ILL, France), A Deriu, (Università di Parma, Italy), the left, where coloured R Barker (University of Bath), AE Terry, SE Rogers, AV Hughes, JRP Webster (ISIS) Molecular model of a V Garcia Sakai (ISIS) lipid monolayer showing arrows indicate the Contact: Dr DJ Barlow, [email protected] the fungal sterol Contact: Dr Y Gerelli, [email protected] motions investigated in Further reading: F Foglia et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1808 (2011) 1574 ergosterol (yellow) Further reading: Y Gerelli et al., Soft Matter 7 (2011) 3929 this work. Using the interacting with the same colours, the Amphotericin has been the first line of defence against fungal infections since the mid- inserted antibiotic Interest in the fundamental properties of systems based on lipids (fat-like molecules that are corresponding 1950s. Unfortunately, resistance to this drug is beginning to emerge, posing serious amphotericin (blue). insoluble in water) has increased owing to a growing number of applications in pharmacy, medicine contributions to the QENS spectrum are problems for AIDS and chemotherapy patients who often suffer potentially fatal fungal and food science. Investigation of the internal dynamics of lipid aggregates raises some important shown on the below. infections. Normally, replacement drugs would be sought by examining compounds with a and yet-to-be-answered questions, including the effects of temperature on these motions. similar mechanism of action. For amphotericin, though, this is difficult. It is established that the drug punches holes in cells, which makes Using Iris at ISIS and IN6 at ILL, we have explored a wide range of them leaky and so causes them to die, but how it does this, dynamics of lipid-based systems (energy-transfer range 10 μeV – 1.0 and why it causes more damage to fungal cells than human 5 meV). The quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) data confirm cells remains unclear. Neutron reflectivity and small-angle the existence of dynamical heterogeneities, whereby the terminal ends of the acyl chains experience faster motions than those of the scattering studies have been performed to study the effects 0.1 of amphotericin on model human and fungal cell head groups and neighbouring chain segments. Owing to the larger membranes, to find out why the drug is so selective. available free volume, the terminal CH2 and methyl groups can also Rather surprisingly, the drug is found to insert into both undergo torsional structural changes.

Intensity (a.u.) 0 fungal and human cell membranes but the neutron studies The addition of chitosan, a charged polysaccharide used along also clearly show that it perturbs these two types of with lipids in drug-delivery applications, affects the localised membranes in markedly different ways. hydrogen motions on the upper part of the molecule yet 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 they do not seem to influence the structural changes. Energy (meV)

‘We must not forget that when Radium was discovered, Life sciences no one knew that it would prove useful in hospitals’ – M Curie

The unusual behaviour of Protein motion in a plant seed defence protein red blood cells LA Clifton, MR Sanders, SE Rogers, RK Heenan, C Neylon (ISIS), V Castelletto, RA Frazier, AM Stadler (Jülich, Germany), L van Eijck (ILL, France), F Demmel (ISIS), RJ Green (University of Reading) G Artmann (Aachen University, Germany) Contact: Dr LA Clifton, [email protected]; Dr RA Frazier, [email protected] Contact: Dr. Andreas Stadler, [email protected] Further reading: LA Clifton et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13 (2011) 8881 Structures of Further reading: AM Stadler et al., J R Soc Interface 8 (2011) 590 puroindoline-a micelle A combination of small angle neutron scattering, dynamic light scattering and size-exclusion (top) and monomer Ongoing cell research aims at a coherent picture of the interactions and dynamical chromatography has been used to uncover a protein’s unique structuring behaviour in solution. (bottom) obtained from small angle neutron properties of proteins inside living cells under physiological conditions. In this context, red blood cells are exceptional, as they are highly specialized and Puroindoline-a is a plant seed defence protein found in wheat. It has a broad spectrum of antifungal scattering, dynamic light scattering, and relatively simple in composition, the main macromolecular component being and antibacterial activity, and has potential applications such as novel antibiotics or targeted drug- haemoglobin. delivery systems. size-exclusion chromatography. We have used high-resolution quasielastic neutron scattering to study the Puroindoline-a forms micelles in aqueous solution. One part of a motions of haemoglobin in whole red blood cells. Neutron scattering is puroindoline-a molecule is water-loving; the other end is water-insoluble. exceptionally useful as measurements on living cells are possible without Micelles are groups of the protein molecules in which the water-loving Micelle 40.4Å damaging these highly sensitive specimens. We find that the diffusion of parts all point outwards, into the surrounding solution. Proteins haemoglobin in the crowded environment of a red blood cell can be described which form micelles are rare, with only one other protein using concepts from colloid physics. Furthermore, interfacial hydration water known to spontaneously form these assemblies in solution. 112 Å has a large influence on protein diffusion. This work demonstrates how We have been able to discover that the structure formed by neutron scattering allows the measurement of internal protein dynamics and puroindoline-a is unique amongst known protein micelles, being global macromolecular diffusion in whole cells, thereby contributing to a highly elongated rather than spherical. Puroindolines contain a better understanding of cellular phenomena at the molecular level. tryptophan-rich part which is responsible for the protein’s Schematic diagram of a red blood cell (lower left) and surrounding extracellular antimicrobial membrane-binding activity. This part is also thought to be medium. The cell is densely filled with haemoglobin, shown in red (© David S. responsible for its solution-structuring behaviour, with this region forming the Monomer Goodsell 2000). water-insoluble interior of the micelle. <16.7 Å

8 9 HIGHLIGHTS OF ISIS SCIENCE ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Spreadable polymer Understanding a catalyst solar cells from formula to mechanism PA Staniec, AJ Parnell, ADF Dunbar, H Yi, AJ Pearson, T Wang, AJ Ryan, A Iraqi, RAL Jones, DG Lidzey (University of SF Parker, AC Hannon, E Barney (ISIS), K Refson (CSE-RAL), SJ Robertson (AMG-RAL), Sheffield), PE Hopkinson, AM Donald (University of Cambridge), C Kinane, RM Dalgliesh (ISIS) P Albers (AQura GmbH) Contact: Dr A Parnell, e-mail: [email protected] Contact: Dr SF Parker, [email protected] Further reading: PA Staniec et al., Adv. Energy Mat. 1 (2011) 499 Further reading: SF Parker et al., J Phys Chem C 114 (2010) 14164

Over the next fifty years society is going to need to supply the growing energy demands of the world’s population without Palladium catalysts are a key component of the three-way catalytic converter used in cars, where using fossil fuels, and the only renewable energy source that can do this is the Sun. Plastic (polymer) solar cells are much they effect complete oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. To discover the effect of cheaper to manufacture than conventional silicon solar cells and have the palladium, we have investigated the low-temperature catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide over potential to be produced in large quantities. Using neutron reflectivity, we have hydrous palladium oxide powders. This oxidation reaction is remarkable in that it readily occurs at shown that when complex mixtures of molecules in solution are spread room temperature and pressure. onto a surface, like varnishing a table-top, the different molecules separate to the top and bottom of the layer in a way that maximises However, almost all that has been known about hydrous palladium oxide is its the efficiency of the resulting solar cell. These results have given empirical formula, namely, PdO•H2O. We have characterised the material using important insights into how ultra-cheap solar energy panels for a combination of neutron and x-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron domestic and industrial use can be manufactured on a large microscopy, inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and scale. Rather than using complex and expensive computational methods. The results show that the material is best described as fabrication methods to create a specific semiconductor PdO nanocrystallites around 2 nm in size, terminated by a monolayer or so of nanostructure, high-volume printing could be used to hydroxyl groups, and capped by 4-7 layers of water. This model allows us to gain produce nanoscale (60 nanometer) solar cell films. insight into the mechanism of catalytic oxidation of CO over a supported palladium catalyst. Left: A polymer-based, test solar cell with the structure of the donor polymer, PCDTBT. Right: Dr Rob Dalgliesh (ISIS) holding a Right: The structure of hydrous palladium oxide. Neutron diffraction (Gem, upper) defines the polymer solar-cell sample. PdO core while vibrational spectroscopy (Tosca, Mari, Maps, lower) defines the water shell.

‘Chemistry without catalysis would be a sword without a handle, Energy and catalysis a light without brilliance, a bell without sound’ – A Mittasch

Getting the hole picture: You want it porosity in activated carbons where? for hydrogen storage IA Fallis, SJ Pope, PC Griffiths, A Paul (Cardiff University), RK Heenan (ISIS) Contact: PC Griffiths, [email protected] Z Mileeva, DK Ross, D Wilkinson (University of Salford), S King (ISIS), T Ryan, H Sharrock (Chemviron Carbon Ltd) Contact: Z Mileeva, [email protected] Nuclear power has played an important role in Britain’s history, and with plans to build 10 new facilities, it is set to play an Further reading: Z Mileeva et al., in preparation equally important role in its future. There is a need to develop rapid, selective methods for the detection and speciation of Activated carbons are of interest for hydrogen storage because hydrogen molecules can be trapped on the carbon surface. transuranic radioisotopes (e.g. Np, Pu, Am, Cm) in solution, as these elements represent hazardous by-products of the Such trapping works best in nanoscale ‘slit pores’ where adsorbate molecules interact nuclear power industry. In collaboration with Magnox Ltd we are developing microemulsion systems to speciate these with both walls. radionuclides in liquid wastes, to determine not only the element type and concentration, but also its oxidation state. l/g) The standard method to measure porosity, helium pycnometry, overestimates pore 1 0 In essence, a range of water soluble complexing agents have been synthesised that display selectivity towards the radionuclides of interest. The binding of these agents to a radionuclide cation causes them to separate out within the volumes because condensation of the gas increases the apparent carbon density. The use 0.8 5 microemulsion. The properties of the cations can then be studied. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is being used to of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and contrast-matching liquids circumvents these 0.6 probe the separation within the difficulties. Using mixtures of H/D-toluene to match the scattering 0.4 from carbon, we can obtain the carbon density at different length microemulsion system and to discover 0.2

Molar mass uptake unique complexing agent – metal cation scales. On the scale of atomic distances, this density is close to that of Porod invariant 1E+04 0 Fraction of the filled pores of the filled Fraction 0 Gravimetrical measurements combinations. graphite. At larger, nanometer length scales, the density drops owing [UO2(Me6acac)2].H2Ox

-0.02 of dryas a fraction mass (mm hydrophobic to the presence of porous structure. -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 * 0 1.0 p/p 100% )

+ 1

-2H - ) 100

SANS data for carbon show fractal behaviour at the larger length -1 Hydrophobic ligands selectively sequester ions scales, and a well-defined hump at atomic scales caused by the and transport them to specific places within 2 Me6acacH activation (oxidation) process. From these data, the minimum pore microemulsion systems for detection. 1 radius as a function of toluene partial pressure can be found. The Uranyl Dry carbon (aqueous continuous SANS data also allow us to compare the accessible pore volumes at 2+ Dry carbon (corrected using PI) phase) UO2

p = 1.35 mbar SANS intensity (I(Q) (cm each partial pressure with those obtained gravimetrically. Intensity (cm 0.01 p = 3.15 mbar 0.1 p = 10.4 mbar 2 acacH SANS data as a function of toluene partial pressure. The inset shows a p = 15.0 mbar p = 17.5 mbar comparison between SANS and gravimetric data. Hydrophilic p = 37.8 mbar -2H+ 0.0001 p = 51.8 mbar [UO2(acac)2].H2Ox Fully saturated 0.01 0.1 Wave vector, Q (Å-1) 10 0.01 0.1 1 11 Q (Å-1) HIGHLIGHTS OF ISIS SCIENCE ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Good chemistry between Antiferromagnetic tendencies in magnetism and superconductivity superconducting LiFeAs E Coronado, C Martí-Gastaldo, E Navarro-Moratalla, A Ribera (University of Valencia), AE Taylor, MJ Pitcher (University of Oxford), RA Ewings, TG Perring (ISIS), SJ Clarke, AT Boothroyd (University of Oxford) SJ Blundell (University of Oxford) and PJ Baker (ISIS) Contact: Professor AT Boothroyd, [email protected] Contact: Prof SJ Blundell, [email protected] Further reading: AE Taylor et al., Phys. Rev. B 83 (2011) 220514(R) Further reading: E Coronado et al., Nature Chemistry 2 (2010) 1031 Superconductors are metals whose electrical resistance vanishes below a certain ‘critical temperature’ Tc. This remarkable Superconductivity and magnetism are usually sworn enemies and often refuse to cohabit in phenomenon was first observed in 1911, so 2011 was the 100th anniversary. Before 1986 the highest known Tc of any the same compound. In a new method to make a multifunctional material by direct chemical superconductor was only 18 degrees above absolute zero, or a chilly minus 255 Celsius. Despite such low operating design, layers of superconducting material and layers of magnetic material, each one temperatures, superconductors are widely used to provide high magnetic fields for magnetic resonance imaging and other molecule thick, have been pre-assembled and then brought together by electrostatic applications. attraction. Thus, rather than building up the material one molecule at a time, nanosheets The material we have studied, LiFeAs, is a member of a new family of iron-based with different functionalities have been self-assembled. This is like constructing a 30 superconductors discovered in 2008. Compounds in this family tend to develop 8 T building by adding entire pre-fabricated floors rather than brick by brick, and is c antiferromagnetic order, and this property is believed to offer a possible route to 2.0 the secret behind combining these two inimical properties. Putting magnetic 25 6 and superconducting layers together in close proximity offers the possibility higher Tc. In the case of LiFeAs, however, theoreticians had predicted an anomalous 4 2

tendency for ferromagnetism. In our experiment we probed the atomic-scale intensity Integrated 20 0 20 40 of using one property to alter the other. To examine the effect of this T (K) coupling in this new class of materials, we have used ISIS muons to magnetic dynamics in LiFeAs directly by neutron spectroscopy and found an 1.5 determine the volume of the sample that becomes magnetically ordered as antiferromagnetic tendency after all. We also found that the magnetic signal 15 well as the strength of the superconducting state. increased on cooling below Tc, providing clear evidence that antiferromagnetic fluctuations in LiFeAs are intimately linked to superconductivity. Energy (meV) 10 1.0 Neutron scattering spectrum of superconducting LiFeAs taken on Merlin at 6K, showing Alternating superconducting and magnetic layers combine to form a hybrid material. a plume of intensity at Q = 1.2 Å-1 due to antiferromagnetic fluctuations 5 and evidence for a superconductivity-induced spin resonance (inset). 0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Q (Å-1)

‘What we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our Quantum Matter 1 method of questioning’ – W Heisenberg

Understanding the role of oxygen vacancies Slow magnetic crossover in a spintronics semiconductor in the frustrated magnet Ca3Co2O6 PMDS Monteiro, M Barbagallo, N-J Steinke, A Ionescu, CHW Barnes, NDM Hine (University of Cambridge), CJ Kinane, S Agrestini (Max-Planck Institut CPfS), LC Chapon (ISIS), C Mazzoli (ESRF), TR Charlton, S Langridge (ISIS) A Bombardi (Diamond Light Source), CL Fleck, MR Lees, OA Petrenko (Warwick University) Contact: Dr A. Ionescu, e-mail: [email protected] Contact: Dr S Agrestini, [email protected] Further reading: M. Barbagallo et al., Phys. Rev. B. 84 (2011) 075219 Further reading: S. Agrestini, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011) 197204

Electron-doped europium oxide (EuO) is a semiconductor which undergoes a simultaneous ferromagnetic and metal-to-insulator Temperature-induced phase transitions between two magnetically ordered states usually correspond to lock-in transitions, phase transition, across which the resistivity drops by 8 to 13 orders of magnitude. The conduction electrons are nearly 100% transitions from collinear to non-collinear order, or magnetic ordering of symmetry-independent ionic sites. Very rarely, spin polarized, making EuO an excellent material for next generation spintronic devices – devices in which the spins of the transitions between two magnetically ordered phases involve a change of translational symmetry, especially at low electrons are exploited instead of, or as well as, their charge. temperatures. A recent time-resolved powder diffraction study of the frustrated Ca3Co2O6 compound has shown that below 12 K, the known magnetic structure (a nearly 600 Å An unanswered question is what effect electron doping has on the interactions longitudinal spin-density wave) transforms slowly into a XPNR = 2.5% and, crucially, on the degree of spin polarisation. By combining polarised +M b commensurate magnetic phase (in which the magnetic neutron reflectometry with magnetometry and crystallography, we have been 2 structure follows the atomic structure). The broadening of able to obtain precise values of oxygen-vacancy concentrations and relate this +M –M 2 diffraction features suggests that this new phase forms as an quantity to the enhanced magnetic moment in thin films and the increase in inter-growth within the matrix of the initial magnetic phase, ≈ 3 , 9 conduction-band polarisation. The results indicate that electron doping 12 12 5 , 11 100 ≈ 12 12 i.e., the sample does not undergo macroscopic phase mediates an additional ferromagnetic interaction leading to an increase in ≈ separation. This phenomenon appears below the freezing 8c 1 7 XPNR = 4.2% ordering temperature, a result confirmed using theoretical models. These +√3 , -2 M 10 2 12 12 point of 12 K, where bulk dynamical behaviour is also insights help to provide a fundamental understanding of the interactions in this c known to change dramatically and steps appear in the 2 -√3 M 10-4 fascinating material, as well as suggesting ways of increasing the ordering 2 a magnetization. Both effects, however, still defy explanation temperature in similar materials. Reflectivity ≈ at the atomic level. 10-6 Polarised neutron reflectivity data and model calculations as a function of oxygen ≈ ≈ Schematic representation of the spin-density-wave and XPNR = 9% deficiency. The inset shows the crystal structure of stoichiometric EuO. 17c commensurate phases. In the former case, the figure shows three +√3M 2 sets of spin chains. In the latter case, the moments are aligned 0 ferromagnetically perpendicular to the page.

-√3 M 2 12 1.02102 1 1.04 1.04 1.08 1.10 13 Momentum transfer, Q (Å-1) HIGHLIGHTS OF ISIS SCIENCE ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Nanostructured Polymers ionic liquids in prison R Hayes, R Atkin (University of Newcastle), F Barroso-Bujans, S Cerveny, A Alegría, GG Warr (University of Sydney), S Imberti (ISIS) J Colmenero (CSIC/UPV-EHU, Spain), Contact: Dr Rob Atkin, [email protected] F Fernandez-Alonso, SF Parker (ISIS) Further reading: Hayes et al, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys, 13 (2011) 13544 Contact: Dr F Barroso-Bujans, [email protected] Further reading: F Barroso-Bujans et al., The Greek philosopher Aristotle once suggested 'No reactions in the Soft Matter 7 (2011) 7173 absence of solvent.' Whilst chemists have long since demonstrated solid- and gas-phase transformations, the vast majority of reactions are still Polymer confinement at nanometer length scales conducted in the liquid phase. The choice of solvent can have a profound can lead to significant changes in physicochemical influence on reaction outcomes (yields, kinetics, etc.) and yet there are properties including chain conformation and relatively few studies which characterize the structural origin of solvent macromolecular relaxation. In this work, two-dimensional properties. In this work, we have examined the bulk structure of ionic liquids – a confinement of the ubiquitous polymer poly(ethylene oxide) was special class of solvents composed entirely of ions – using neutron diffraction and achieved via its intercalation into graphite oxide, leading to well- computer simulation. The results show that ionic liquids self-assemble into defined (subnanometer) polymer layers of thickness ~3.4 Å. The extreme spatial Poly(ethylene oxide) confined bicontinuous nanostructures of polar and apolar domains. This solvent ordering is confinement of the polymer phase is responsible for the suppression of crystallization and between two graphite-oxide structurally analogous to thermodynamically stable bicontinuous microemulsions cooperative relaxation processes. For the first time, high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering sheets, leading to a single (microemulsions of two immiscible liquids stablised by a third component, such as oil Snapshot of the bulk structure of experiments on Tosca show that poly(ethylene oxide) under these extreme confinement polymer layer of thickness and water stabilised by a surfactant), but with characteristic length scales at least an ethylammonium nitrate from neutron conditions adopts a planar zig-zag conformation which in no way resembles the characteristic ~3.4 Å. Neutron spectroscopy shows that the polymer is order of magnitude smaller. Interestingly, the nature of the bicontinuous arrangement diffraction and computer simulation. helical structure of the bulk crystal. Moreover, the neutron data also account for a drastic Two interpenetrating networks of forced to adopt an unfolded could be modified via simple variations in ion structure, meaning that, in principle, the polar (red) and apolar groups (grey) reduction in long-range order and chain mobility. planar conformation. solvation properties of ionic liquids can be designed for particular chemical reactions. can be identified.

‘There is plenty of room at the bottom’ Supramolecular science and nanotechnology – RP Feynman

Butterflies Influence of lone-pair cations and bridges on the germanate anomaly in glass Y Shoji, T Matsuo, D Hashizume, K Tamao (RIKEN), H Fueno, K Tanaka (Kyoto University), MJ Gutmann (ISIS) ER Barney, AC Hannon (ISIS), N Laorodphan, D Holland (University of Warwick) Contact: Dr T Matsuo, [email protected] Contact: Dr ER Barney, [email protected] Further reading: Y Shoji et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 (2011) 11058 Further reading: ER Barney et al., J. Phys. Chem. C in press (DOI: 10.1021/jp202279b)

While covalent bonds are usually formed by sharing two Lone-pair cations in glasses are important due to the strong non-linear optical properties which they impart to the glass. electrons between two atoms, some compounds contain B–H–B Cations with a non-bonding (lone-pair) of electrons, such as lead or thallium, can adopt two different types of bonds in which an electron pair is distributed over three sites. environment: a symmetric, highly coordinated environment, or a much more optically active, The electron-deficient nature of these ‘3-center, 2-electron’ asymmetric, low coordination environment. It has long been believed that lone-pair cations bonds can give rise to various distinct chemical structures, change their behaviour as the glass composition is changed. However, there has been little some of which have only been predicted theoretically. We have evidence on this point until a few recent studies which have mostly not 2- isolated the stable diborane(4), [B2H4] , with butterfly-shaped found signs of this. B–H–B bonds and a boron-boron link with triple-bond character. Neutron data were collected on a large-size single We have used neutron diffraction to study a series of thallium crystal of 11B-labeled and deuterated diborane(4) using the SXD germanate glasses. We have shown firstly that the lone-pair neutron diffractometer. The two bridging deuterium (μ-D) thallium cations undergo a change in behaviour from a symmetric atoms are found to be located over two positions, which have to an asymmetric environment. Secondly, we have shown been refined with occupancy factors of 0.5. An extraordinarily that this change is associated with the germanate anomaly – a growth and subsequent decline in the number short B-B distance of 1.483(3) Å is comparable to V computational predictions of B-B triple bonds. These structural of higher coordinated germanium Ge sites in the glass. features indicate that the chemical bonding at the B atoms can be described in terms of sp-hybridization. A fragment of the network in a thallium 11 11 germanate glass Molecular structure of (μ-D)2(Eind) B B(Eind) determined using single-crystal neutron diffraction (50% probability ellipsoids). Eind is a large hydrocarbon molecule used to stabilise the compound.

14 15 HIGHLIGHTS OF ISIS SCIENCE ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Low energy 0.3 Mapping out 0.2

spin-gap studies of LiErF4 0.1 a quantum spin liquid

N Nikseresht (EPFL, Switzerland), B Dalla Piazza, HM Rønnow (Ecole Polytechnique Energy (meV) FL Pratt, PJ Baker (ISIS), SJ Blundell, T Lancaster (Oxford), Federale de Lausanne), R Bewley, J Taylor (ISIS), C Kraemer (ETH-Zurich) 0.0 S Ohira-Kawamura (J-PARC), C Baines (PSI), Y Shimizu (Nagoya), K Kanoda (Tokyo), I Watanabe (RIKEN), G Saito (Kyoto) The ordering expected for a Contact: Dr R Bewley, [email protected]; Dr J Taylor, [email protected] triangular lattice S=1/2 Heisenberg -0.1 Further reading: C. Kraemer Phd Thesis ETH-Zurich 2009 Contact: Dr FL Pratt, [email protected] antiferromagnet (background). 0.4 0.2 (http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/144121) 0.0 Further reading: FL Pratt et al., Nature 471 (2011) 612 Left: the κ−(ET) Cu (CN) spin liquid. -0.2 2 2 3 -0.4 [0.035, k, 0] in 1.2141 Å-1 [0.035, k, 0] in 0.58448 Å-1 Right: field-induced recovery of its Arguably the most fundamental collective physics problem in magnetism is that of interacting In magnetism, the idea of a quantum spin liquid phase has fascinated suppressed magnetism. dipoles. Yet investigations of antiferromagnetic dipolar-coupled magnets have been scarce theoretical and experimental physicists for many decades. In such a phase, the due to lack of materials exhibiting this property and due to the low energy scale involved. ordered magnetic state, as usually found in systems of interacting magnetic

3D image of part of the 4D data spins, is completely absent due to the destabilising effect of strong quantum 10 We have established the material LiErF4 as a dipolar antiferromagnet exhibiting both classical set at low temperature. The spin fluctuations. 100

and quantum phase transitions. The excellent resolution of the new Let instrument on the ISIS gap has a minimum at the high 50 (mK)

T H 0 Second Target Station has allowed direct observation of the full pattern of magnetic Although the idea of the spin liquid is quite old, it is only recently that 0 symmetry point (0 0 1). 1 0 5 10 15 (K) µ

T (mT) interactions in the material, including accurate measurement of a tiny 25 μeV energy gap. The spectra is essentially experimental systems have become available that show all the hallmarks of 0 Quantum The excellent signal and low background allowed full 4-dimensional datasets (3 momentum dispersionless along the (0 K 0) such a state. This is particularly the case in materials containing triangular critical directions and one energy axis) to be recorded. While detailed analysis and a follow-up within the covered space lattices of spin-1/2 molecular radical dimers. One such system, κ-(ET) Cu(CN) , phase 2 3 0.1 Low-moment (40% of a unit cell). magnetic experiment are still ongoing, the results so far are providing detailed information on the has been the focus of intense study since its discovery a few years ago. phase nature of the phase transitions and how the behavior of LiErF is linked to that of other Muons provide an exquisitely sensitive local probe of magnetic properties. 4 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 µ (H-H ) (T) materials. The excellent instrument resolution and high flux of Let open a new range of low Recent muon experiments at ISIS show that a weak magnetic phase can be 0 0 energy scales that can be exploited by neutron spectroscopy to address fundamental recovered from the spin-liquid phase using a very small magnetic field. questions in quantum physics.

Quantum Matter 2 ‘More is Different’ – PW Anderson

Let probes excitations Using neutrons to probe in a quantum Ising chain electron clouds in crystals IM Cabrera, R Coldea (Oxford University), R Bewley, J Taylor (ISIS), D Prabhakaran (Oxford Univesity) MD Le (Helmholtz Center Berlin), KA McEwen (University College London), J Jensen (University of Copenhagen), M Contact: Dr R Coldea, [email protected] Rotter (Max-Planck Institute Dresden), RI Bewley, T Guidi (ISIS) Further reading: R Coldea et al., Science 327 (2010) 177 Contact: MD Le, e-mail: [email protected] Further reading: MD Le et al., submitted to J. Phys.: Condens. Matt. (2011). The newly commissioned Let spectrometer on the ISIS Second Target Station, combined with the vertical-opening 9 T magnet and dilution refrigerator insert, offers unparalleled opportunities for probing atomic dynamics with high resolution and wide Contrary to the popular view that an electron is a ball-like particle orbiting the nucleus, quantum mechanics dictates that coverage in all three momentum directions. it ought to be described in terms of a spatial probability distribution – a charge cloud, rather than a rigid ball. The shape of such a charge cloud is uniquely defined by its orbital angular momentum, and can be conveniently decomposed into 2.0 We have used Let to explore the magnetic behaviour in 7T 7T 7T different multipoles (e.g., monopole, dipole, quadrupole, …). In general, electron 0.7 CoNb2O6. We recently showed this material to be the first clouds around different atoms are not correlated, but in certain ordered 1.5 experimental realization of the much theoretically-studied Ising 22 compounds they are. As neutron scattering relies on the constructive interference 0.6 chain in transverse field. Here ‘quantum melting’ of order of rays scattered from an ensemble of many atoms, only such compounds are 1.0 occurs above magnetic fields of 5.5 T, in which spontaneous 0.5 amenable to study. Further, the shape of a given electron cloud can also change

Energy (meV) Energy long-range order is replaced by a gapped ‘quantum 18 with time, and its temporal evolution can be probed via inelastic neutron 0.5 0.4 paramagnet.’ We have probed the magnetic behaviour in this scattering. The accompanying figure shows data from a quadrupole-ordered UPd3 high-field phase at 7 T along both interchain crystal directions crystal measured on the Merlin spectrometer. From an analysis of the energy- and 0.3 -0.4 -0.2 0 -0.2 0 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 and confirmed a model of frustrated interchain couplings. momentum-transfer dependence of the scattered intensity, it is possible to deduce Knowing the strengths of these couplings is important as they Energy (meV) 14 how electron clouds around particular atoms evolve in time. Data 40 mK Calculation are responsible for the formation of a ‘Zeeman’ ladder of 3.0 3.0 0T 0T confined bound states in zero field. Left: measured UPd3 dispersion relations at T=3.5 K. Below: time-resolved snapshots of the 2.5 2.5 electronic charge distribution associated with the intense inelastic mode around 14 meV. 10 2.0 2.0 -6 Top: Magnetic behaviour at 7 T along the chain and two inter-chain -4 1.5 1.5 -2 directions measured on Let. Dashed lines show behaviour expected for -1 0 0 Energy (meV) Energy (meV) Energy kx in 1.2596 Å -2 2 -4 a model of frustrated interchaing couplings. Bottom: ‘Zeeman’ ladder -6 -1 1.0 1.0 kz in 0.6511 Å -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0 of bound states in zero field measured on Iris. L (rlu) L (rlu) 16 17 HIGHLIGHTS OF ISIS SCIENCE ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

ISIS helps UK magnesium producer Understanding with a cracking problem the deep Earth M Turski (Magnesium Elektron, Manchester, and Open University), AM Paradowska, A Lindsay-Scott, IG Wood, DP Dobson, L Voc˘adlo, JP Brodholt (University College London), S-Y Zhang (ISIS), D Mortensen, H Fjaer (Institute for Energy Technology, Norway), T Taniguchi (National Institute for Materials Science, Japan), KS Knight, MG Tucker (ISIS) J Grandfield (Grandfield Technology Pty Ltd, Australia), B Davis, Contact: Dr I Wood, [email protected] R DeLorme (Magnesium Elektron North America, Madison, USA) Further reading: Lindsay-Scott et al., Phys. Earth. Plan. Int. 182 (2010) 113 Contact: Dr. M Turski, [email protected] Further reading: M Turski et al., submitted to Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A (2011) At the bottom of the Earth’s lower mantle and just above the liquid outer core, there is a ~300 km thick region termed the D''-zone. Although thin, this zone Scientists from ISIS have worked in partnership with UK company Magnesium Elektron to solve plays a crucial role in Earth’s evolution as it regulates heat exchange from manufacturing challenges. the metallic core to the silicate mantle and is the source of plume-style Direct chill (DC) cast slab being mantle convection. D'' is associated with a change in crystal structure of Magnesium Elektron is a world leader in magnesium technology and alloy development. MgSiO perovskite – the major mineral in the lower mantle – to a denser The company, who first produced magnesium in Manchester in 1936, specialises in the positioned on Engin-x. 3 ‘post-perovskite’ form. Post-perovskite MgSiO3 is stable only at million- development, manufacture and supply of magnesium products to technology industries atmosphere pressures and so it is impossible to measure directly many of worldwide. Their alloys are extensively used for applications in the aerospace and automotive industries. its physical properties. Instead, measurements must be made on other “Magnesium is 30% lighter than aluminium, and therefore it could be used for components in the transport industry to help materials with the same structure and combined with computer simulations to reduce emissions. For magnesium to be a financially viable alternative to aluminium, we need to be able to mass produce it. estimate values for the D'' MgSiO3 structure. Our experiments at ISIS on CaPtO3, However, we were unable to mass produce it as large slabs because they cracked during casting,” explained Dr Mark Turski, a one of very few post-perovskites stable at atmospheric pressure, show that its structure senior metallurgist at Magnesium Elektron. responds to temperature differently from MgSiO3 and so it may not be a suitable substitute. The search for good post-perovskite analogues must, therefore, continue. The company used Engin-X, the engineering beamline at ISIS, to examine the residual stress in large magnesium alloy slabs that caused the cracking. Using neutrons, scientists from Magnesium Elektron were able to build up an accurate picture of where The structure of the deep Earth and the D'' region between lower mantle and core. Post-perovskite MgSiO3 in D’’ consists of layers of octahedra and hendecahedra. In the lower mantle, MgSiO3 is made the strain and stress were within the casted slabs. up of corner-linked octahedra.

‘Nothing tends so much to the advancement of knowledge Materials and technologies as the application of a new instrument’ – H Davy

Magnetic imaging using Neutron Compton scattering a time of flight neutron beam in moderate-mass systems Dr A S Tremsin (University of California at Berkeley), Dr M Strobl (Hahn-Meitner-Institut), Dr C J Kinane, AG Seel, A Sartbaeva, PP Edwards (University of Oxford), J Mayers, AJ Ramirez-Cuesta (ISIS) (STFC), Dr S Boag (STFC), Dr R M Dalgliesh (STFC), Dr J Kelleher (STFC) Contact: Prof. PP Edwards, [email protected] Contact: Dr A S Tremsin ([email protected]), Dr C J Kinane ([email protected]) Further reading: AG Seel et al., J. Chem. Phys. 134 (2011) 114511 Further reading: A. S. Tremsin et. al., in print, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A. 652 (2011) 400. This study suggests for the first time that the technique of neutron Compton scattering (NCS) may be extended beyond the The recent development of fast, highly pixelated neutron detectors capable of performing transmission radiography at a pulsed study of the lightest elements (such as H or He isotopes) to provide additional information about the profile widths of source, along with 3He spin filters, has opened up a number of interesting new possibilities in polarised neutron imaging from heavier nuclei in complex systems. If the relative stoichiometry of heavier elements in a material is known, fixing it in the magnetic materials. For instance, by combining the inherently good energy resolution of a time of flight (TOF) instrument at a standard Vesuvio data-analysis procedures enables a determination pulsed source with high spatial resolution it is possible to perform detailed structural and compositional analysis of complex of neutron Compton widths. materials. By the addition of neutron polarisation (provided by polarised 3He spin filters) it also becomes possible to directly image magnetic flux both in vacuum and within materials, akin to Measurements were conducted on three systems: bulk NaH, using the neutrons as iron filings to show magnetic field patterns. The amorphous Na within a silica gel framework (SiGNa), and a system additional image contrast observed in polarized neutron imaging with both amorphous Na and NaH nanocrystallites encapsulated in results from the precession of the neutron spin in a magnetic field, e.g. the framework (SiGNaH). In addition to subtle differences in the within the sample. The amount of rotation depends on the wavelength proton momentum distribution in NaH and SiGNaH, a systematic of the neutron. The good wavelength resolution of a pulsed neutron increase in Na Compton widths is demonstrated in SiGNa, SiGNaH source (<0.1% Δλ/λ) should produce better resolution than that of a and bulk NaH. This sensitivity to chemical environment is further reactor (>1% Δλ/λ). The Crisp reflectometer was used to demonstrate supported by examination of O and Si widths in the gel samples. 2.0 Measured spectra at different image locations that polarised neutron imaging can be performed at ISIS with these 1.8 advantages of the TOF technique. 1.6 NaH nanocrystallites (or amorphous Na) can be encapsulated in a silica gel 1.4 Image of measured intensity variation caused by neutron precession in the framework, and studied by neutron Compton scattering. 1.2 magnetic field of a simple DC coil. The coil is oriented horizontally along the 1.0 fringes. The variation of image intensity is shown as a function of TOF 0.8 (wavelength) for three regions of interest. This can be used to reconstruct the 0.6 magnetic field of the coil.

Relative intensity Relative 0.4 0.2 0 0 246810 12 14 19 Time of flight (ms) HIGHLIGHTS OF ISIS SCIENCE ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Right: Anton Tremsin (University of California) developing high resolution Bragg edge time of flight transmission detectors on Engin-x.

Below: Edward Bilbe, Elena Marelli, Ann Chippindale and Simon Hibble (Reading University) studying structure-property relationships in photoluminescent platinum and palladium cyanides on Gem.

Above: Yasuhtro Takabayashi and Ruth Zadik Left: Robbie Warringham (University of Glasgow) (University of Durham) using muons to study using Maps to improve understanding of the magnetism and superconductivity in hyper active phase of iron-based Fischer-Tropsch expanded fullerides. catalysts. Above centre: Anusha Kankanale and Jon Below: Fabio Bruni James (Open University) using Engin-x to (University of Rome), explore the effects of post-weld heat Katrin Winkel treatment on a dissimilar metal butt weld. (University of Above right: Jon Duffy (University of Warwick) Innsbruck), Alessia Giuliani (University investigating the dynamics of confined CO2 on Mari. of Rome) and Mark Adams (ISIS) using Vesuvio to study Left: Stephen Gaw (university of Oxford) the environment of using Merlin to investigate the origin of water protons in high-temperature magnetoelectricity in CuO. amorphous ices.

ISIS users at work

Tristan Youngs and John Holbrey (Queens Nancy Ross (Virginia Tech, USA) determining University, Belfast) using Sandals to conduct the thermodynamic properties of the studies on the hydration of the nootropic hydration layers on porous alumina drug piracetam. nanoparticles using Tosca.

20 21 ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Technology development at ISIS is a continuous process, driven in response to the changing scientific needs of the user community and to maintain ISIS as a world-class neutron and muon source. Evolution of existing instruments and construction of new ones, together with advances in neutron and muon techniques, provide fresh opportunities for materials investigations. Technology developments within the ISIS accelerator complex are designed to improve ISIS reliability and performance. The past year has seen work starting on four new instruments for the Second Target Station. In addition, a huge amount of work was carried out across ISIS during the planned maintenance shut-down at the end of 2010. Alongside technical developments comes a wide range of other activities – science workshops, training courses, user meetings, public understanding of science events, schools visits – to name but a few. Technology and training

Rachel Evans (Trinity College, Dublin) preparing samples to study the controlled assembly of cationic polythiophene-surfactant 22 complexes on Loq. 23 TECHNOLOGY AND TRAINING ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE From Phase One to Phase Two! Larmor Larmor will extend both the spatial and temporal ranges Alongside the seven instruments that are up and running on the ISIS Second Target Station, accessible to the neutron technique and is particularly construction has started on four new ‘Phase 2’ instruments following the announcement of funding by applicable to soft matter and biomolecular science. It David Willetts MP, Minister for Universities and Science, in March. Chipir, Larmor, Zoom and Imat will will exploit the Larmor precession of the neutron all be built over the next few years. spin to deliver a suite of techniques extending those presently available at ISIS. Larmor will Design drawing of the new Larmor initially be used for small angle neutron scattering instrument. (SANS) with polarisation analysis, spin-echo SANS and Larmor diffraction, but additional operational modes will be made available as the instrument develops. Detailed instrument design is now underway, and component procurement has started. Zoom Zoom will be a flexible, high count rate small-angle scattering instrument ideally suited for kinetic and dynamic experiments. Additionally, it will allow for grazing incidence techniques to study surface structures and will be able to polarise neutrons for studies Design drawing of Zoom. of magnetic materials. It will be the first ISIS instrument to use focusing, which, when coupled with a high resolution, two dimensional detector, will enable us to reach very small Q, ~ 0.0003 Å-1 (~ 2 μm) with a wide simultaneous Q range out to at least ~ 0.15 Å-1. Stage 1 of the design, a highly flexible small angle instrument, is Advances in presently underway. instruments and techniques

Imat Imat is a neutron imaging and diffraction instrument for materials science. The instrument will offer a combination of possibilities such as neutron radiography, neutron tomography, Chipir energy-selective imaging, neutron strain scanning and texture analysis. The combination of these analytical techniques on the same instrument is unique and will Concrete shielding for Chipir, an instrument allow new types of experiments to be carried out. For designed to look at the effect of cosmic example, residual stresses inside engineering- radiation on microchips, has been sized samples can be more effectively analysed manufactured and installed this year. This if the diffraction scans are guided by shielding stops stray neutrons from the radiographic data. Conversely, diffraction instrument entering the experimental hall, and analysis may be indispensable for a creates a platform on which Chipir will be quantitative analysis and physical placed. interpretation of the attenuation Chipir will be one of only a handful of facilities outside of the US features observed in radiography data. capable of looking at the response of silicon microchips to cosmic Imat will have a straight neutron guide to radiation. Cosmic radiation has the power to cause the failure of transport the neutrons to an aperture selector critical electronic systems such as those found in aircraft and road giving a maximum field-of-view of 20 x 20 cm2 vehicles. The new neutron beam line will replicate the cosmic at a sample position at 56 meters from the radiation that can affect microchips. The findings will help moderator. manufacturers build more reliable electronic systems for use in cars, The new Imat instrument. planes and other devices. Right: Beginning of the construction of the Chipir beamline. 24 Above: Design drawing of Chipir. 25 TECHNOLOGY AND TRAINING ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Polaris The upgrade of the Polaris instrument is nearly completed, and First user experiment on Let commissioning experiments are planned to begin towards the end of Radu Coldea and Ivelisse Cabrera (Oxford University) were the first scheduled 2011. When finished, 38 modules of fibre-coupled scintillation users on the new Let spectrometer on the Second Target Station. A single detectors will contain some 400,000 m of fibre optic light guides and will give Polaris a count rate up to 20 times higher than the old crystal of CoNb2O6, a quasi-one-dimensional Ising ferromagnet, was mounted on a rotation stage in a dilution fridge at 50 mK in the new 9T magnet which instrument. New opportunities in the study of disordered and was designed specially for Let. This was therefore a complex experiment, but it nanostructured materials, in-situ investigations of chemical and was very successful nevertheless – see highlight on page 16. electrochemical reactions and texture measurements of historical artefacts will become routinely available. Left: Construction of the 4m long position-sensitive detectors for Let. The new Polaris tank being fitted with detectors. Below: Ivelisse Cabrera (Oxford University) during the first scheduled experiment on Let.

TOSCA Chopper Upgrade With a new disc chopper running at 10 Hz, the energy-transfer range on Tosca has been extended below 3 meV. This development provides new scientific opportunities, particularly in the study of the interplay between low-energy excitations and molecular mobility in a wide range of applied systems (hydrogen storage, catalysis, proton conductors, soft nanocomposites, etc). It also provides a direct link to quasielastic studies on Osiris and Iris. Advances in The new, four-bladed Tosca chopper. instruments and techniques Polarisation Pearl This year saw a significant milestone in the ISIS Over the past year the high-pressure polarized neutron project – the first wide-angle diffraction facility at ISIS (Pearl) has polarised neutron measurement ever performed at undergone a major upgrade to improve the ISIS. A full polarisation analysis measurement of diffraction data resolution and detector silicon powder was performed on the Wish stability while maintaining as large as diffractometer on the Second Target Station, using the possible incident flux and d-spacing range. new uniaxial field-coil polarized neutron insert. The All of the detectors have been replaced, with flipping ratios of the silicon Bragg peaks (the ratio the new modules incorporating the latest between spin-up and spin-down scattered neutrons) design of ZnS scintillator detector element. gives a The commissioning trials conducted so far measurement of the have demonstrated the anticipated polarisation of the beam. resolution gains very well. The Pearl upgrade The new Mantid interface showing data analysis and visualisation on Tosca. work has been part-funded by the Spanish With the delivery of government via the CSIC research council in 3 Mantid goes International the ISIS He ‘filling partnership with Spanish companies AVS and station’ at the end Scientifica. Mantid is a data analysis framework and application to support of 2011, polarised Geoff Eacott (ISIS) working on the Pearl detector banks. the neutron and muon communities. The project started as a neutrons will be joint collaboration between ISIS and Tessella, and has now available on both grown to include the SNS and HFIR facilities at the Oak Ridge Wish and Let in the National Laboratory (ORNL). In the last 12 months the data coming year. reduction for direct and indirect-geometry spectrometers has Stephen Boag (ISIS) been moved to operate within the Mantid framework, so that, craning the polarisation for example, Iris, Osiris and Tosca data can be fully reduced field-coil insert into the 26 using Mantid. Wish diffractometer. 27 TECHNOLOGY AND TRAINING ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

The past year saw an extended maintenance shutdown for ISIS, from August 2010 to Second Target Station target February 2011. The shutdown was necessary to replace a wide range of ageing ISIS equipment and components, many of which were installed over 25 years ago. Two major The long shut-down also saw replacement of the target in TS-2. A revised design with improved cooling based on experience of operating projects were carried out: refurbishment of part of the proton beamline for ISIS Target the target since TS-2 began running was installed. The new target was Station 1, and replacement of heavy-duty electrical cable for the accelerator magnets. In designed and manufactured within 8 months – a big achievement. addition, some 700 smaller tasks were also completed: around 200 tasks on the Finite element modelling of accelerators, 200 on the neutron target systems and 300 on the neutron beam lines and heat flow in the new TS-2 instruments, including major rebuilds of Pearl and Polaris. target, near right, together with an initial target mock- up, far right. Accelerator and target news Rewiring the ISIS synchrotron Also during the long shutdown, over 2km of heavy-duty give the larger and larger magnetic fields needed to keep Refurbishment of the power cables were replaced in the ISIS synchrotron the beam following the correct path. accelerator. The cables deliver rapidly-varying currents up The power cables for the magnets were originally installed proton beamline to 1000 amps to the bending magnets controlling the in the 1980s. The cables were jointed, and over the past proton beam path. to Target Station 1 two years joints have begun to fail more and more A ring of 10 bending magnets in the ISIS synchrotron frequently. To improve performance, the entire cable After 25 years of being bombarded by high energy keeps the proton beam within the evacuated beam tube as installation was replaced with single continuous cable runs protons, the proton beam exit window in front of the it is accelerated. As the beam gets faster during – a job involving many weeks of specialised work neutron target in target station 1 had become weak. acceleration, the current in the magnets is increased to removing heavy cables, each 4 cm in diameter. During the six month shutdown, nearly 60 people worked on the project to replace the window. Adrian McFarland (ISIS) in the inner synchrotron during the recabling work. The refit was planned in great detail over several years since special long-reach tools, machines and shielding flasks had to be designed and constructed, movable thick steel shields had to be deployed, and rehearsals of the whole refurbishment were made using a full-scale mock-up of the work area. The project involved removing the layers of concrete and steel shielding above the proton beam, a 4-week task in its own right. In addition to replacing the proton beam window, three new quadrupole magnets were also installed, replacing older magnets and providing additional control for the proton beam. Inset: The team who worked on the Target Station 1 proton beamline refurbishment. The three new quadrupole magnets can be seen in the foreground. Right: Adrian Hooper and Steve Cook working on remote tooling for the proton beamline refurbishment.

28 29 TECHNOLOGY AND TRAINING ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

The ISIS synchrotron accelerator is a complex machine requiring people with different areas of expertise to maintain, operate and develop it. Seen here are members of the synchrotron group.

Accelerator and target news Left: Hayley Smith, from the Synchrotron Physics group, was awarded second place at this years ‘Present Around the World (PATW)’ competition, for her outstanding presentation on foil studies. PATW are technical competitions in which students and young professionals give a ten minute presentation on an engineering or technology subject of their choice. Having won the local and regional heats, Hayley presented her stripping foil studies at the national final in Birmingham in July and won second place. Stripping foils are used in the ISIS synchrotron to convert H– ions to protons.

Synchrotron magnet Right: Installation of new replacement synchrotron steering magnet and From time to time the main bending (dipole) magnets in the ISIS trim quadrupole power supplies in synchrotron accelerator are replaced. This involves splitting a the ISIS inner synchrotron. The magnet in half and refitting new upper and lower coils as well new power supplies are capable of as cleaning up the yoke and laminations. delivering a higher current output and a programmed current Above: Jamie Searis, Steven Cook, Adrian Hooper and Oliver Newell (ISIS) working on the lower coil during replacement of a synchrotron dipole magnet. waveform with a slew rate of 300,000 Amps per second, twice Right: New extract and injection septum magnet busbar system that of the existing units. for the ISIS synchrotron. 30 31 TECHNOLOGY AND TRAINING ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Condensed Matter in the City meeting ISIS scientist wins neutron prize for novel nanoscience technique Rob Dalgliesh from ISIS has been awarded the prestigious BTM Willis Prize for neutron scattering. This is in recognition of held at ISIS his development of novel neutron techniques that are opening up new areas of fundamental and applied research in nanoscience. The prize is awarded bi-annually by the Neutron Scattering Group of the Institute of Physics (IOP) and the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). Rob has pioneered a new instrument called Offspec, one of the instruments on the ISIS Second Target Station. It is designed to look at microscopic structures such as those found in polymer blends (plastics) and surfactants (soaps Above: Attendees at the meeting on Magnetism and Right: Robert Dalgliesh receives the Willis Prize from Dr Ali Zarbakhsh. Strongly Correlated and Interacting Electron Systems, and detergents). RAL, June 16-17. Faraday Discussion 151: hydrogen storage materials Organised by the Faraday Division of the Royal Society of Chemistry and supported by ISIS, this Discussion was held at RAL in April and attracted 115 participants from 10 countries. It focused on hydrogen storage for fuel applications, and included discussion of adsorption and reaction of hydrogen by materials, from synthesis to characterisation.

A year around ISIS The Centre for Materials Physics and Chemistry at STFC, together with the Hartree Centre and Hubbard Theory Consortium, held a two-day workshop at RAL in June. There was a wide range of talks from researchers from the UK, Europe and further afield. The meeting was part of the South East Physics Network (SEPNet) summer programme ‘Condensed Matter Physics in the City’, focused on stimulating discussions between theorists and experimentalists in the field of magnetism and strongly correlated and interacting electron Above: Faraday Discussion 151 on hydrogen systems. storage materials was held at RAL in April. Above: Prof Stephen Bennington from ISIS, Chief Image courtesy of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA. Attendees at the Large Scale Structures User Group Meeting held at Cosener’s House 24-25th Scientific Officer for Cella Energy, showing a Cella January. The meeting included talks, posters and a discussion session. Energy storage device. Neutron Training Cella Energy Ltd Course Cella Energy is a spin-out from ISIS. The The ISIS neutron company has already gained major training course was held in investments from specialist chemical May. The course is aimed at company Thomas Swan & Co Ltd., who researchers new to neutron scattering (mainly signed an agreement on 24 January 1st year PhD students) and provides practical 2011, and Space Florida who have led experience of the set-up and running of the full suite further investments of $2.5m. Cella of neutron instruments at ISIS. In addition the Energy has developed a novel students receive lectures in the technique of time-of- technology that allows hydrogen to be flight neutron scattering, and learn about the stored in a cheap and practical way, production of neutrons at a spallation source. This making it more suitable for widespread year 25 participants attended the 8-day course. use as a carbon-free alternative to Right: Students at the 2011 ISIS Neutron Training Course. 32 petrol. 33 TECHNOLOGY AND TRAINING ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Students from Reading Blue Coat School have been working with ISIS scientist Johnny Boxall on neutron New Xpress services detector technology. This pairing is part of the Xpress services have existed on some ISIS nationwide Engineering instruments for quite a while. They enable a Education Scheme, which ‘measure-by-courier’ service that is suitable when matches scientists and engineers with students from only very limited neutron time is needed or for very local schools. The AS level new or infrequent users. The Xpress services have students were asked to now been broadened to include the quasi-elastic examine alternatives to photomultiplier tubes, part of instruments (Iris and Osiris) together with the muon the detection system in some spectrometers. They are an ideal way to do an initial instruments at ISIS. The characterisation of a sample or check a sample’s students wrote a report about their findings and had Above: ISIS presented the operating and phase 2 Second Target Station feasibility for future experiments. Full details can be to present their research at instruments at the European Conference on Neutron Scattering held in found in the ‘Applying for beamtime’ section of the the Engineering Education Prague in May. Here we see the ISIS team demonstrating complex ISIS website. Scheme Celebration Day at scattering experiments to delegates. RAL. All four pupils are now Below: Students attending the RAL Particle Physics Masterclass in March 1.1 determined to apply to being shown the ISIS Second Target Station by James Lord (ISIS). engineering courses at 1.0

Elastic intensity K) ~0,T-5 university. ω vs temperature 0.9 (Q, inc

for a dry protein el measured on 0.8

the Osiris ~0,T)/I spectrometer – ω 0.7 (Q,

an example of a inc el typical I 0.6 measurement 0.8 1.0 that can be Q (Å-1) 1.2 performed via 1.4 40 0 QENS Xpress. 1.6 80 160 120 1.8 200 280 240 Temprerature (K) A year MTF Telling et al J Phys Chem B, 2008, 112, 10873 around ISIS Right: Chinese steel company, ISIS represented at The Big Bang 2011 Baoshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd (Baosteel Co,.Ltd), visited ISIS in The Big Bang 2011 is one of the UK’s biggest science events for young people celebrating June. Vice President Jianfeng science and engineering, with over 20,000 people attending. The theme of the ISIS stand Zhou, together with Pijun Zhang, Xiuzhen Lin, Laizhu Jiang, at the 2011 event, held in London, was low carbon energy. The stand featured mini Hongzhi Shi and Yang Zhao were hydrogen-powered cars and an array of novel hydrogen storage material samples, with joined by Prof Yulong Ding experts from ISIS and Cella Energy on hand to answer visitors’ questions. (University of Leeds) and Dr Hongbiao Dong (University of Leicester). The visit was hosted by Robert McGreevy (ISIS) and Shu Yan Zhang, instrument scientist on the ISIS Engin-x engineering beamline.

Left: Visitors to ISIS’ Big Bang exhibition learning about hydrogen-powered cars.

34 35 TECHNOLOGY AND TRAINING ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

There are seven ISIS FAPs covering the variety of science areas studied by neutrons and muons. Liz Rodriguez, Lucy Rayner, Steve Perkins and Keying Li (UCL) using Sans2d to study the solution structures of immunologically Each FAP consists of experts in their subject field from the international research community. important proteins. The FAPs meet twice per year, roughly six weeks after each ISIS proposal deadline. They judge all proposals received based on their scientific merit and timeliness.

Far left: Tommy Nylander (University of Lund, Sweden) reading a proposal during the Large Scale Structures panel. Centre left: Howard Stone (Cambridge), Anna Paradowska (ISIS) and Axel Steuer (ILL, France) considering Engineering applications. Near left: Duncan Gregory (Glasgow) chairing the Crystallography FAP. ISIS facility access panels (FAPs)

Far left: Isao Watanabe (RIKEN, Japan), Ian Terry (Durham), Rod Macrae (Marian College, USA) and Alan Drew (Queen Mary University London) discussing muon proposals. ISIS users Left: Des McMorrow (Univesity College London) reflecting on an at work Excitations proposal.

Right: Johannes Moller and Stephen Blundell (University of Oxford) exploring a field-induced spin Luttinger liquid phase in a spin ladder using HiFi. Below right: Matt Hudson and Wendy Queen (university of Maryland, USA) conducting neutron scattering studies of hydrogen rotational transitions in metal organic frameworks for gas storage applications. Below: Mario Campana (Queen Mary University London) using Inter to conduct a structural study of the hexadecane – water interface. Neal Skipper (University College London) reviewing proposals with other members of the Molecular Spectroscopy FAP.

36 37 ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Publications relate to all work carried out at ISIS. Listed here are 402 publications resulting from work at the facility that were published in calendar year 2010. ISIS publications 2010

Stephen Cummings, Azmi Mohamed, Masanubo Sagisaka (University of Bristol) and Sarah Rogers (ISIS) using Sans2d for studies of surfactant

modifiers of CO2 solvent properties.

38 39 ISIS PUBLICATIONS ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Abes M, Atkinson D, Tanner B K, Ahmed R, Faisal N, Reuben R, Babkevich P, Prabhakaran D, Frost C D Bell C G, Breward C J W, Howell P D, Bowron D T, D’Agostino C, Gladden L F, Bungau A, Cywinski R, Bungau C, King P Chahardehi A, Brennan F P and Chen M L, Penfold J, Thomas R K, Smyth Charlton T R, Langridge S, Hase T P A, Paradowska A, Fitzpattrick M and and Boothroyd A T Penfold J and Thomas R K Hardacre C, Holbrey J D, Lagunas M C, and Lord J Steuwer A T J P, Perfumo A, Marchant R, Banat I M, Ali M, Marrows C H, Hickey B J, Neudert Kitamura J Magnetic spectrum of the two- A theoretical analysis of the surface McGregor J, Mantle M D, Mullan C L Material studies for the ISIS muon The effect of residual stresses arising Stevenson P, Parry A, Tucker I and A, Hicken R J, Arena D, Wilkins S B, Neutron diffraction residual strain dimensional antiferromagnet tension profiles of strongly and Youngs T G A target from laser shock peening on fatigue Grillo I Mirone A, and Lebegue S measuremens of aluminium coatings La2CoO4 studied by inelastic neutron interacting polymer-surfactant Structure and dynamics of 1-ethyl-3- IPAC 2010 (2010) crack growth Solution self-assembly and Spin polarization and exchange Journal of Physics: conference series scattering systems methylimidazolium acetate via Engineering Fracture Mechanics Vol: 77 adsorption at the air-water interface coupling of Cu and Mn atoms in Vol: 251 12051 1-4 (2010) Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) Journal of Colloid and Interface Science molecular dynamics and neutron 2033-2039 (2010) of the monorhamnose and paramagnetic CuMn diluted alloys Vol: 350 486-493 (2010) diffraction Burton R C, Ferrari E S, Davey R J, dirhamnose rhamnolipids and their induced by a Co layer Journal of Physical Chemistry B Vol: 114 Finney J L and Bowron D T mixtures Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) Akcora P, Kumar S K, Sakai V G, Li Y, Baikie T, Pramana S S, Ferraris C, Huang 7760-7768 (2010) The relationship between solution Chambrier M H, Ibberson R M and Langmuir Vol: 26 18281-18292 (2010) Benicewicz B C and Schadler L S Y Z, Kendrick E, Knight K S, Ahmad Z Bennett T D, Goodwin A L, Dove M T, structure and crystal nucleation: a Goutenoire F Segmental dynamics in PMMA- and White T J Keen D A, Tucker M G, Barney E R, neutron scattering study of Structure determination of alpha- Abrahams I, Liu X, Hull S, Norberg S T, Soper A K, Bithell E G, Tan J C and Bowron D T, Soper A K, Jones K, Ciftja O and Quintanilla J grafted nanoparticle composites Polysomatic apatites supersaturated methanolic solutions La6W2O15 Krok F, Kozanecka-Szmigiel A, Islam M S Macromolecules Vol: 43 8275-8281 Acta Crystallographica Section B- Cheetham A K Ansell S, Birch S, Norris J, Perrott L, of benzoic acid Journal of Solid State Chemistry Vol: Effective interaction potentials in the and Stokes S J (2010) Structural Science Vol: 66 1-16 (2010) Structure and properties of an Riedel D, Rhodes N J, Wakefield S R, Journal of Physical Chemistry B Vol: 114 183 1297-1302 (2010) uppermost Landau level A combined total scattering and amorphous metal-organic framework Botti A, Ricci M A, Grazzi F and Zoppi M 8807-8816 (2010) Journal of Low Temperature Physics Vol: simulation approach to analyzing Physical Review Letters Vol: 104 (2010) NIMROD: The Near and InterMediate 159 189-192 (2010) defect structure in Bi3YO6 Alba Venero D, Fernandez Barquin J, Baker P J, Lancaster T, Franke I, Hayes Range Order Diffractometer of the Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann C A and Chemistry of Materials Vol: 22 Alonso J, Svalov A, dez-Gubieda M L F W, Blundell S J, Pratt F L, Jain P, Wang Z ISIS second target station Calder S, Fennell T, Kockelmann W, Krzystynia M 4435-4445 (2010) Magnetic disorder in nanostructured M and Kurmoo M Berastegui P, Hull S and Eriksson S Review of Scientific Instruments Vol: 81 Lau G C, Cava R J and Bramwell S T Attosecond physics with neutrons Cippo E P, Borella A, Gorini G, Fe Au films and Fe Au powders Muon spin relaxation investigation of A high temperature superionic phase (2010) Neutron scattering and crystal field and electrons: ultrafast Kockelmann W, Pietropaolo A, 7 93 14 86 Postma H, Rhodes N J, Schillebeeckx P, Journal of Physics: conference series magnetic ordering in the hybrid of CsSn2F5 studies of the rare earth double entanglement and decoherence Adam M S, Gutmann M J, Leech CK, vol: 200 072028 (2010) organic-inorganic perovskites Journal of Solid State Chemistry Vol: perovskite Ba ErSbO phenomena involving protons in Schooneveld E M, Tardocchi M, Middlemiss D S, Parkin A, Thomas L H Branzoli F, Carretta P, Filibian M, Graf M 2 6 Wynants R and Collaboration A C [(CH3)2NH2]M(HCOO)3 (M=Ni, Co, 183 373-378 (2010) Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter condensed matter and molecules and Wilson C C Mn, Cu) J, Klyatskaya S, Ruben M, Coneri F and Vol: 22 (2010) Laser Physics Vol: 20 990-1000 (2010) A detector system for neutron Stability and cooperativity of Alberto H V, Weidinger A, Vilao R C, Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) Dhakal P resonance capture imaging 0 hydrogen bonds in dihydroxybenzoic Duarte J P, Gil J M, Lord J S and Cox S F J Billette H, Wallraff T, Schwarz U, Spin and charge dynamics in [TbPc2 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in 0 acids Mechanisms of electron polarization Smith R I and Ruschewitz U and [DyPc2 = single-molecule Calder S, Ke X, Bert F, Amato A, Chen B, Flewitt P E J and Smit D J Physics Research Section a-Accelerators New Journal of Chemistry Vol: 34 85-91 of shallow muonium in CdTe and CdS Baker P J, Lewtas H J, Blundell S J, Ternary transition metal acetylides magnets Baines C, Carboni C, Cava R J, Microstructural sensitivity of 316H Spectrometers Detectors and (2010) Lancaste, T, Franke I, Hayes W, Pratt F L, Physical Review B Vol: 82 134401 Daoud-Aladine A, Deen P, Fennell T, Associated Equipment Vol: 623 693-698 Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) A2(I)M(0)C2 (A(I) = K, Rb; M-0 = Pd, austenitic stainless steel: residual Bohaty L and Becker P Pt): neutron diffraction studies and (2010) Hillier A D, Karunadasa H, Taylor J W, stress relaxation and grain boundary (2010) Muon-spin relaxation and heat electronic properties Mendels P, Schiffer P and Bramwell S T fracture Adroja D T, Hillier A D, Deen P P, Alessandroni S, Paradowska A M, capacity measurements on the Zeitschrift Fur Anorganische Und Magnetic properties of Ba2ErSbO6 Materials Science and Engineering a- Strydom A M, Muro Y, Kajino J, Perelli Cippo E, Senesi R, Andreani C, magnetoelectric and multiferroic Allgemeine Chemie Vol: 636 1834-1838 Brogan M A, Hughes R W, Smith R I and with a frustrated lattice geometry Structural Materials Properties Clark G N I, Hura G L, Teixeira J, Soper A Kockelmann W A, Takabatake Anand V and Montedoro P et al pyroxenes LiFeSi O and NaFeSi O (2010) Gregory D H Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) Microstructure and Processing Vol: 527 K and Head-Gordon T K, Stewart J R and Taylor J 2 6 2 6 Investigation of residual stress Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) Structural and compositional tuning 7387-7399 (2010) Small-angle scattering and the Long-range ordering of reduced distribution of wheel rims using of layered subnitrides; new complex structure of ambient liquid water magnetic moments in the spin-gap neutron diffraction Biswas P K, Balakrishnan G, Paul D M, nitride halides Candolfi C, Leszczynski J, Masschelein P, Proceedings of the National Academy of compound CeOs2Al10 as seen via 8th European Conference on Residual Barbagallo M, Hine N D M, Cooper J F K, Tomy C V, Lees M R and Hillier A D Dalton Transactions Vol: 39 7153-7158 Chubilleau C, Lenoir B, Dauscher A, Chen B, Smith D J, Flewitt P E J, Sciences of the United States of muon spin relaxation and neutron Stresses (ECRS8), Riva del Garda, Italy, Steinke N J, Ionescu A, Barnes C H W, Muon-spin-spectroscopy study of the (2010) Guilmeau E, Hejtmanek J, Clarke S J and Zhang S Y America Vol: 107 14003-14007 (2010) scattering Kinan C J, Dalgliesh R M, Charlton T R Smith R I 26-28 Jun 2010 penetration depth of FeTe0.5Se0.5 Evaluating residual stress behaviour Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) and Langridge S Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) Crystal structure and high- in 316H stainless steel using neutron Experimental and theoretical Brooks N J, Gauthe B, Terrill N J, temperature thermoelectric diffraction Coldea R, Tennant D A, Wheeler E M, Rogers S E, Templer R H, Ces O and Wawrzynska E, Prabhakaran D, Alexander G G, King S M, Richardson R analysis of magnetic moment properties of the Mo3-xRuxSb7 Proc 2010 International Symposium on Ahmed, H M, Mis M, El-Geassy A H A M and Zimmermann H enhancement in oxygen-deficient Blundell S, Lancaster T, Pratt F, Baker P, Seddon J M compounds Structural Integrity, Shanghai, China, Telling M, Habicht K, Smeibidl P and and Seethararnan S Kiefer K Determination of the translational EuO Hayes W, Ansermet J, Comment A Automated high pressure cell for Journal of Electronic Materials Vol: 39 21-24 Oct 2010 Reduction-carburization of the order parameter for smectic liquid Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) Phase transition in the localized pressure jump x-ray diffraction 2132-2135 (2010) Quantum criticality in an Ising chain: oxides of Ni and W towards the crystals using small-angle neutron ferromagnet EuO probed by mu SR Review of Scientific Instruments Vol: 81 experimental evidence for emergent synthesis of Ni-W-C carbides scattering Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) (2010) Chen B, Spindler M W, Smith D J, E-8 symmetry Advanced Materials Forum V, Pt 1 and 2 Liquid Crystals Vol: 37 961-968 (2010) Barbour A M, Telling M T F and Carpenter M A, McKnight R E A, Flewitt P E J Science Vol: 327 177-180 (2010) Vol: 636-637 952-962 (2010) Larese J Z Howard C J and Knight K S Effect of thermo-mechanical history Investigation of the behavior of Bocian A, C L Bull et al Bull C L, Guthrie M, Nelmes R J, Symmetry and strain analysis of on reheat cracking in 316H austenitic Loveday J S, Komatsu K, Hamidov H and Colognesi D, Pietropaulo A, Allan D R, Marshall W G, Francis D J, ethylene molecular films using high Gas loading apparatus for the Paris- structural phase transitions in stainless steel weldments Ahmed I, Kinyanjui F G, Rahman S M H, Gutmann M J Ramirez-cuesta A, Catti M, Nale A and Oswald I D H, Pulham C R and resolution adsorption isotherms and Edinburgh press Pr0.48Ca0.52MnO3 Proc ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels & Steegstra P, Eriksson S G and Ahlberg E Spanswick C neutron scattering Time-of-flight single-crystal neutron Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) Piping, Bellevue, WA, 18-22 Jul 2010 Zoppi M Review of Scientific Instruments 81(9) + + Proton conductivity in mixed B-Site The crystal structures of the low- Langmuir Vol: 26 8113-8121 (2010) (2010) diffraction to 10 GPa and above Proton vibrations in LiNH and LiNH doped perovskite oxide temperature and high-pressure High Pressure Research Vol: 30 219-219 studies through incoherent INS BaZr0.5In0.25Yb0.25O3-delta polymorphs of nitric acid (2010) Carr S T, Quintanilla J and Betouras J J Chen B, Smith D J, Flewitt P E J Advances in Science and Technology Journal of the Electrochemical Society Dalton Transactions Vol: 39 3736-3743 Barcza A, Gercsi Z, Knight K S and Bordeneuve H, Tenailleau C, Lifshitz transitions and crystallization Creep relaxation of residual stresses Vol: 72 158 - 163 (2010) Vol: 157 B1819-B1824 (2010) (2010) Sandeman K G Guillemet-Fritsch S, Smith R, Suard E of fully polarized dipolar fermions in in the heat affected zone of type Giant magnetoelastic coupling in a and Rousset A Bull D J, Weidner E, Shabalin I L, an anisotropic two-dimensional 316H austenitic stainless steel Telling M T F, Jewell C M, Gregory D H Coneri F, Sanna S, Zheng K, Lord, J and metallic helical metamagnet Structural variations and cation lattice weldments Ahmed I, Kinyanjui F G, Steegstra P, and Ross D K De Renzi R Arai T, Tani K and McGreevy R L Physical Review Letters Vol: 104 (2010) distributions in Mn Co O Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) Proc 18th European Conference on Shen Z J, Eriksson S G and Nygren M 3-x x 4 Reverse Monte Carlo modeling of (0 <= x <= 3) dense ceramics using Pressure-dependent deuterium Fracture, 30 Aug - 03 Sep 2010 Magnetic states of lightly hole-doped Improved proton conductivity in amorphous structures in phase- neutron diffraction data reaction pathways in the Li-N-D cuprates in the clean limit as seen spark-plasma sintered cense ceramic Barney E R, Hannon A C, Laorodphan N, system Carroll B R, Lichti R L, King P J C, via zero-field muon spin change In0.21Sb0.79 thin film Solid State Sciences Vol: 12 379-386 BaZr0.5In0.5O3-delta Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter Dupree R and Holland D (2010) Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Vol: Celebi Y G, Yonenaga I and Chow K H Chen B, Flewitt P E J, Spindler M W, spectroscopy Electrochemical and Solid State Letters Vol: 22 (2010) A neutron diffraction and Tl-205 12 2089-2097 (2010) Muonium defect levels in Smith D J, Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) Vol: 13 B130-B134 (2010) NMR study of the thallium Czochralski-grown silicon-germanium Prediction of creep stress relaxation germanate glass system Borgeschulte A, Gremaud R, alloys for 316H austenitic stainless steel at Arnalds U B, Papaioannou E T, Hase T P Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids Vol: Ramirez-cuesta A and Refson K Bungau A, Cywinski R, Bungau C, King P Physical Review B Vol: 82 205205 550°C Coronado E, Marti-Gastaldo C, Ahmed I, Rahman S M H, Steegstra P, and Lord J Navarro-Moratalla E, Ribera A, A, Raanaei H, Andersson G, Charlton T 356 2517-2523 (2010) Evidence for hydrogen transport in (2010) Proc Int Conf of High Temperature Norberg S T, Eriksson S G, Ahlberg E, Blundell S and Baker P R, Langridge S and Hjorvarsson B deuterated LiBH GEANT4 validation studies a the ISIS Defect Assessment 5, Guildford, UK, 23- Knee C S and Hull S 4 Magnetic structure and diffracted Advances in science and technology Vol: Muon Facility 25 Jun 2010 Coexistence of superconductivity Effect of co-doping on proton magneto-optics of patterned Bateman J E, Dalgliesh R M, Duxbury D 72 150 -157 (2010) IPAC 2010 (2010) Caspi E and magnetism by chemical design conductivity in perovskite oxides amorphous multilayers M, Holt S A, McPhail D J, Marsh A S, Neutron diffraction study of Nature Chemistry Vol: 2 1031-1036 3+ BaZr0.9In0.05M0.05O3-delta (M = Yb Rhodes N J, Schooneveld E M, Spill E J levantine middle bronze age axes Chen M L, Penfold J, Thomas R K, (2010) 3+ Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) or Ga ) and Stephenson R Borowska-Centkowska A, Kario A, Bungau A, Cywinski R, Bungau C, King P Journal of Physics: conference series Vol: Smyth T J P, Perfumo A, Marchant R, International Journal of Hydrogen The FastGas detector Krok F, Abrahams I, Chan S C M, Liu X, and Lord J 251 12049 1-4 (2010) Banat I M, Stevenson P, Parry A, Tucker I Energy Vol: 35 6381-6391 (2010) Arnold D C, Knight K S, Catalan G, Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Wrobel W, Malys M, Hull S, Dygas J R Geometry optimisation of the ISIS and Grillo I Cortes-Gil R, Parker D R, Pitcher M J, Redfern S A T, Scott J F, Lightfoot P and Physics Research Section a – and Suard E muon target Mixing behavior of the biosurfactant, Hadermann J and Clarke S J Morrison F D Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors Defect structure and electrical IPAC 2010 (2010) Celli M, Colognesi D, Giannasi A, Ulivi L rhamnolipid, with a conventional Indifference of superconductivity Ahmed R, Faisal N H, Knupfer S M, The beta-to-gamma transition in and Associated Equipment Vol: 616 59- conductivity in the and Zoppi M anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl and magnetism to size-mismatched Paradowska A M, Fitzpatrick M E, Khor BiFeO : a powder neutron diffraction 64 (2010) Bi Nb W O system Simple and binary hydrogen benzene sulfonate cations in the layered iron arsenides K A and Cizek J 3 3+x 0.8 0.2 71+3x/2 study Solid State Ionics Vol: 181 1750-1756 Bungau A, Cywinski R, Bungau C, King P clathrate hydrates Langmuir Vol: 26 17958-17968 (2010) Ba+Na+Fe+As+ Neutron diffraction residual strain Advanced Functional Materials Vol: 20 (2010) and Lord J Advances in Science and Technology Chemistry of Materials Vol: 22 4304- measurements in plasma sprayed 2116-2123 (2010) Bell A M T, Knight K S, Henderson C M B Impact of the energy of the proton Vol: 72 196 -204 (2010) 4311 (2010) nanostructured hydroxyapatite and Fitch A N driver on muon production coatings for orthopaedic implants Revision of the structure of IPAC 2010 (2010) Mechanical Stress Evaluation by Cs2CuSi5O12 leucite as orthorhombic 40 Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation Pbca 41 Vol: 652 309-314 (2010) Acta Crystallographica Section B- Structural Science Vol: 66 51-59 (2010) ISIS PUBLICATIONS ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Czapla M, Pelstrokka R, Zielinacuteski P Demmel F, Howells S, Morkel C and Dubreuil A, Zhang SY, Eve S, Ewings R A, Freeman P G, Enderle M, Festa G, Pietropaolo A, Reali E, Grazzi F Ganin A, Takabayashi Y, Jeglic P, Gliozzo E, Arletti R, Cartechini L, Griffiths P C, Fallis I A, James C, M, Budziak A, Balstrokanda M, Pilgrim W C Korsunsky AM Kulda J, Prabhakaran D and and Schooneveld E M Arcon D, Potocni A, et al Imberti S, Kockelmann W A, Memmi I, Morgan I R, Brett G, Heenan R K, Makarewicz M, Pacyna A, Slow dynamics in liquid metals as A neutron-diffraction study of the Boothroyd A T A gamma-ray detector with a silicon Polymorphism control of Rinaldi R and Tykot R H Schweins R, Grillo I and Paul A Wasiutynacuteski T, Miyazaki Y, seen by QENS low-cycle fatigue behaviour of an Ferromagnetic excitations in photomultiplier (SiPM) readout for superconductivity and magnetism in Non-invasive chemical and phase Structure-property relationships in Nakazawa Y, Inaba A, Sorai M, Pratt F L, Zeitschrift Fur Physikalische Chemie- austenitic stainless steel 316 La0.82Sr0.18CoO3 observed using neutron diffraction experiments at Cs3C60 close to the Mott transition analysis of Roman bronze artefacts metallosurfactants Podgajny R, Korzeniak T and International Journal of Research in 12th European Powder Diffraction neutron inelastic scattering spallation neutron sources Nature Vol: 466 221-U93 (2010) from Thamusida (Morocco) Soft Matter Vol: 6 1981-1989 (2010) Sieklucka B Physical Chemistry & Chemical Physics Conference, Darmstadt, Germany, 27- Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) Measurement Science & Technology Vol: Applied Radiation and Isotopes Vol: 68 Critical behavior of two molecular Vol: 224 83-99 (2010) 30 Aug 2010 21 (2010) 2246-2251 (2010) magnets probed by complementary Garcia-Barriocanal J, Cezar J C, Griffiths P C, Knight D W, Morgan I R, experiments Faircloth D C, Lawrie S, Letchford A P, Bruno F Y, Thakur P, Brookes N B, Ford A, Brown J, Davies B, Heenan R K, Physical Review B Vol: 82 094446 Demont A, Dyer M S, Sayers R, Duffy J A, Taylor J W, Dugdale S B, Gabor C, Wise P, Whitehead M, Wood T, Fillaux F, Cousson A and Gutmann M J Utfeld C, Rivera-Calzada A, Giblin S R, Goodwin A L, Michel F M, Phillips B L, King S M, Dalgliesh R M, Tomkinson J, (2010) Thomas M F, Tsiamtsouri M, Niu H N, Shenton-Taylor C, Butchers M W, Westall M, Findlay D, Perkins M, Evidence of macroscopically Taylor J W, Duffy J A, Dugdale S B, Keen D A, Dove M T and Reeder R J Prescott S, Schweins R and Paul A Darling G R, Daoud-Aladine A, Giblin S R, Cooper M J, Sakurai Y and Savage P J, Lee D A and Pozimski J K entangled protons in a mixed isotope Nakamura T, Kodama K, Leon C, Nanoporous structure and medium- Gelation or molecular recognition; is Claridge J B and Rosseinsky M J Itou M Okamoto S and Santamaria J The front end test stand high crystal of KHpD1-pCO3 range order in synthetic amorphous the bis-(alpha,beta-dihydroxy ester)s Damay F, Martin C, Hardy V, Maignan A, Stabilization of a complex perovskite Spin and orbital moments in Fe O performance H– ion source at Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter Spin and orbital Ti magnetism at calcium carbonate motif an omnigelator? Andre G, Knight K, Giblin S R and 3 4 superstructure under ambient Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Vol: 22 (2010) LaMnO3/SrTiO3 interfaces Chemistry of Materials Vol: 22 3197- Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry Chapon L C conditions: influence of cation Review of Scientific Instruments Vol: 81 Nature Communications Vol: 1 (2010) 3205 (2010) Vol: 6 1079-1088 (2010) Zigzag ladders with staggered composition and ordering, and (2010) magnetic chirality in the S=3/2 evaluation as an SOFC cathode Dunbar A D F, Mokarian-Tabari P, Flewitt PEJ, Chen B, Smith D J compound beta-CaCr2O4 Chemistry of Materials Vol: 22 Parnell A J, Martin S J, Skoda M W A Relaxation of residual stresses and Garcia-Munoz J L, Frontera C, Beran P, Goossens D J and Welberry T R Griffiths P C, Nilmini R, Carter E, Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) 6598-6615 (2010) and Jones R A L Faircloth D, Kronberger M, Kuchler D, grain boundary fracture in 316H Bellido N, Hernandez-Velasco J and Approaches to modeling diffuse Dodds P, Murphy D M, Khayat Z, A solution concentration dependent Lettry J and Scrivens R stainless steel Ritter C scattering from molecular crystals: Lattanzio E, Ferruti P, Heenan R K, King S M and Duncan R transition from self-stratification to Finite element thermal study of the Proc 2010 International Symposium on Consequences of embedding para-terphenyl (C18H14) Davies C M, Wimpory R C, Deriu A, Di Bari M T and Gerelli Y 4+ 0 lateral phase separation in spin-cast Linac4 plasma generator Structural Integrity, Shanghai, China, 21- Ti 3d centers in Pr0.50Ca0.50MnO3: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions Interaction of an endosomolytic Paradowska A M and Nikbin K M Dynamics of nanostructures for drug PS:d-PMMA thin films Review of Scientific Instruments Vol: 81 24 Oct 2010 phase competition in a-Physical Metallurgy and Materials polyamidoamine ISA23 with vesicles Residual stress measurements in delivery: the potential of QENS European Physical Journal E Vol: 31 369- (2010) Pr0.50Ca0.50Mn1-xTixO3 Science Vol: 41A 1119-1129 (2010) mimicking intracellular membranes: a large scale component sections Zeitschrift Fur Physikalische 375 (2010) Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) SANS/EPR study Mechanical Stress Evaluation by Chemie-International Journal of Foglia F, M J Lawrence et al Macromolecular Bioscience Vol: 10 963- Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation Research in Physical Chemistry & Fan R, Kinane C J, Charlton T R, On the hydration of the Goremychkin E A, Osborn R, Sashin I L, 973 (2010) Vol:652 321-326 (2010) Chemical Physics Vol: 224 227-242 Eblagon K M, Rentsch D, Friedrichs O, Dorner R, Ali M, de Vries M A, Brydson phosphocholine headgroup in Gardner J S, Gingras M J P and Riseborough P, Rainford B D, Adroja D T (2010) Remhof A, Zuettel A, R M D, Marrows C H, Hickey B J, aqueous solution Greedan J E and Lawrence J M Ramirez-Cuesta A J and Tsang S C Arena D A, Tanner B K, Nisbet G and Journal of Chemical Physics 133(14) Magnetic pyrochlore oxides Transition from heavy-Fermion to Griffiths P C, Occhipinti P, Morris C, de Haan V O, Plomp J, Rekveldt M T, Hydrogenation of 9-ethylcarbazole Langridge S (2010) Reviews of Modern Physics Vol: 82 53- mixed-balence behavior in Ce Heenan R K, King S M and van Well A A, Dalgliesh R M, Diallo S O, Pratt D K, Fernandes R M, 1- Gumbleton M as a prototype of a liquid hydrogen Ferromagnetism at the interfaces of 107 (2010) xYxAl3: a quantitative comparison Langridge S, Bottger A J and Hendrikx R Tian W, Zarestk J L, Lumsden M, carrier antiferromagnetic FeRh epilayers with the Anderson impurity model PGSE-NMR and SANS studies of the Coherence approach in neutron, Perring T G, Broholm C L, Ni N, International Journal of Hydrogen Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) Fortes A D, Wood I G and Knight K S Physical Review Letters Vol: 104 (2010) interaction of model polymer Bud’ko S L, Canfield P C, Li H F, X-ray, and neutron spin-echo Energy Vol: 35 11609-11621 (2010) The crystal structure of Gaspar A M, Marques M A, Cabaco M I, therapeutics with mucin Vaknin D, Kreyssig A, Goldman A I and reflectometry perdeuterated methanol Marques M, Kolesnikov A I, Tomkinson J Biomacromolecules Vol: 11 120-125 Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) McQueeney R J Fan R, Lee S J, Goff J P, Ward R C C, and Li J C Gorria P, Martinez-Blanco D, Blanco J A (2010) hemiammoniate (CD3OD.0.5ND3) Paramagnetic spin correlations in Eblagon K M, Tam K, Yu K M K, Wang S G, Kohn A, Wang C, Wildes A R determined from neutron powder Structure and dynamics of and Smith R I CaFe2As2 single crystals Zhao S L, Gong X Q, He H Y, Ye L, and Collins S P diffraction data at 4.2 and 180 K concentrated aqueous solutions of Neutron powder thermo-diffraction de Haan V O, Plomp J, Rekveldt T M, Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) Wang L C, Ramirez-Cuesta A J and Guignard M, Cormier L, Montouillout V, The influence of interfacial Journal of Applied Crystallography aluminium chloride, beryllium in mechanically alloyed Fe64Ni36 Kraan W H, van Well A A, Dalgliesh R M Tsang S C roughness on the coherence of Vol: 43 328-336 (2010) chloride and aluminium bromide: invar alloy Menguy N, Massiot D, Hannon A C and and Langridge S Study of catalytic sites on ruthenium structure and magnetic coupling Raman, inelastic neutron scattering Journal of Alloys and Compounds Vol: Beuneu B Comment on “Observation of the Diyabalanage H V K, Nakagawa T, for hydrogenation of n- across barriers in Fe/MgO multilayers and x-ray diffraction results 495 495-498 (2010) Rearrangement of the structure Goos-Hanchen shift with neutrons’’ Shrestha R P, Semelsberger T A, Davis B ethylcarbazole: implications of Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter Francisco M C, Malliakas C D, Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter during nucleation of a cordierite L, Scott B L, Burrell A K, David W I F, Reply hydrogen storage via reversible Vol: 22 (2010) Piccoli P M B, Gutmann M J, Schultz A J Vol: 22 (2010) glass doped with TiO2 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42 43 ISIS PUBLICATIONS ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Hall D A, Evans J D S, Covey-Crump S J, Hillier A D, Manuel P, Adroja D T, Ianeselli L, Zhang F J, Skoda M W A, Johnstone R D L, Lennie A R, Parker S F, Kendrick E, Knight K S, Islam M S and Knight K S, Henderson C M B and Lake B, Tsvelik A M, Notbohm S, Lepadatu S, Claydon J S, Ciudad D, Holloway R F, Oliver E C, Mori T and Taylor J W, Azad A K and Irvine J T S Jacobs R M J, Martin R A, Callow S, Parsons S, Pidcock E, Richardson P R, Slater P R Clark S M Tennant D A, Perring T G, Reehuis M, Kinane C J, Langridge S, Cavill S, Withers P J Probing the superconducting ground Prevost S and Schreiber F Warren J E and Wood P A Combined experimental and Structural variations in the Sekar C, Krabbes G and Buchner B Dhesi S S and Marrows C H Effects of superimposed electric field state near the charge density wave Protein-protein interactions in High-pressure polymorphism in modelling studies of proton wesselsite-effenbergerite Confinement of fractional quantum Determination of domain wall and 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S, Paradowska A M, Kirstein O Lancaster T, Blundell S J, Pratt F L, breaking in the noncentrosymmetric Corma A and Garcia H Khalyavin D D, Hillier A D, Adroja D T, and Moore A Franke I, Steele A J, Baker P J, Salman Z, Lepadatu S, Claydon J S, Ciudad D, Strydom A M, Manuel P, Chapon L C, Baines C, Watanabe I, Carretta S, Kinane C J, Langridge S, Dhesi S S and superconductor LaNiC2 Heterolytic and heterotopic Investigation of residual stress in Hannon A C Physical Review Letters Vol: 105 (2010) Imberti S and Bowron D T dissociation of hydrogen on ceria- Peratheepan P, Knight K, Deen P, laser formed mild steel plates using Timco G A and Winpenny R E P Marrows C H Adrian C Wright: glasses, neutrons, Formic and acetic acid aggregation supported gold nanoparticles Ritter C, Muro Y and Takabatake T neutron diffraction Relaxation of muon spins in Tuning of current-induced domain borates! in the liquid state Combined inelastic neutron Long-range magnetic order in Mechanical Stress Evaluation by molecular nanomagnets wall resonance frequency using Gd Physics and Chemistry of Glasses- Hillman A R, Ryder K S, Madrid E, Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter scattering and FT-IR spectroscopic CeRu2Al10 studied via muon spin Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation Physical Review B Vol: 81 140409 doping European Journal of Glass Science and Burley A W, Wiltshire R J, Merotra J, Vol: 22 (2010) study on the nature and reactivity of relaxation and neutron diffraction Vol: 652 123-128 (2010) (2010) Applied Physics Letters Vol: 97 (2010) Technology Part B Vol: 51 40-51 (2010) Grau M, Horswell S L, Glidle A, surface hydrogen species Physical Review B Vol: 82 100405 Dalgliesh R M, Hughes A, Cubitt R and Chemical Science Vol: 1 731-738 (2010) (2010) Wildes A Irie Y, Fukumoto S, Muto K, Kovalevsky A Y, Hanson L, Fisher S Z, Lathiotakis N N, Gidopoulos N I and Lepadatu S, Claydon J, Ciudad D, Hardacre C, Holbrey J D, Mullan C L, Structure and dynamics of Nakanishi H, Oki T, Takagi A et al Mustyakimov M, Mason S A, Helbig N Naylor A, Kinane C, Langridge S, Nieuwenhuyzen M, Youngs T G A, phospholipid bilayer films under Wodeband low-output impedance RF Jun T, Song X, Rotundo F, Ceschini A, Khalyavin D D, Manuel P, Mitchell J F Forsyth V T, Blakeley M P, Keen D A, Size consistency of explicit Dhesi S and Marrows C Bowron D T and Teat S J electrochemical control system for the ISIS Second Harmonic Morri L and Threadgill P and Chapon L C Wagner T, Carrell H L, Katz A K, functionals of the natural orbitals in Reduction of threshold current for Solid and liquid charge-transfer Faraday Discussions Vol: 145 357-379 Cavity Numerical and experimental study of Spin correlations in the geometrically Glusker J P and Langan P reduced density matrix functional domain wall depinning using Gd complex formation between 1- (2010) Proc 1st International Particle residual stresses in a linear friction frustrated RBaCo4O7 Metal ion roles and the movement of theory doping of permalloy methylnaphthalene and 1-alkyl- Accelerator Conference (IAPC’10), weld antiferromagnets: Mean-field hydrogen during reaction catalyzed Journal of Chemical Physics Vol: 132 Applied Physics Express Vol: 3 (2010) cyanopyridinium Kyoto, Japan, 23-28 May 2010 Advanced Materials Research Vol: 89 - approach and Monte Carlo by d-xylose isomerase: a joint X-ray (2010) bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}imide Hollamby M J, Eastoe J, Chemelli A, 91 268 -274 (2010) simulations and neutron diffraction study ionic liquids Glatter O, Rogers S, Heenan R K and Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) Structure Vol: 18 688-699 (2010) Lepadatu S, Wessely O, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Vol: Grillo I Ishii Y, Nagasawa M, Suzuki T, Lawrie S R, Faircloth D C, Letchford A P, Vanhaverbeke A, Allenspach R, 12 1842-1853 (2010) Separation and purification of Watanabe I, Matsuzaki T, Jura M, Levason W, Petts E, Reid G, Gabor C and Pozimski J K Potenza A, Marchetto H, Charlton T R, nanoparticles in a single step Yamamoto H M and Kato R Webster M and Zhang W J King M D, Rennie A R, Pfrang C, Krzystyniak M Plasma meniscus and extraction Langridge S, Dhesi S S and Marrows C H Langmuir Vol: 26 6989-94 (2010) Zero field- and longitudinal field-mu Taking TiF4 complexes to extremes - Hughes A V and Thompson K C Nuclear momentum distribution in electrode studies of the ISIS H- ion Domain-wall spin-torque resonators Hardacre C, Holbrey J D, Mullan C L, SR studies of quasi-one-dimensional the first examples with phosphine Interaction of nitrogen dioxide (NO ) solid and liquid HF from ab initio source for frequency-selective operation Youngs T G A and Bowron D T 2 organic conductor, TMTTF2PF6 co-ligands with a monolayer of oleic acid at the calculation Review of Scientific Instruments Vol: 81 Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) Small angle neutron scattering from Hollamby M J, Eastoe J, Mutch K J, Physica B-Condensed Matter Vol: 405 Dalton Transactions Vol: 39 10264- air-water interface – simple proxy for Journal of Chemical Physics Vol: 133 (2010) 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Rogers S and Heenan R K S98-S100 (2010) 10271 (2010) atmospheric aerosol (2010) hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids Fluorinated microemulsions as Atmospheric Environment Vol: 44 1822- Lepadau S, Claydon J S, Kinane C J, (C(n)mim PF6 , n=4, 6, and 8) reaction media for fluorous 1825 (2010) Lawrie S, Faircloth D, Letchford A, Charlton T R, Langridge S, Potenza A, Journal of Chemical Physics Vol: 133 nanoparticles James J, Zhang S-Y Jura M, Levason W, Ratnani R, Reid G Krzystyniak M and Abdul-Redah T Perkins M and Pozimski P Dhesi S S, Keatley P S, Hicken R J, (2010) Soft Matter Vol: 6 971-976 (2010) Residual stress distribution in welds and Webster M Proton momentum distribution in Assessing the transmisson of the H- Hickey B J and Marrows C H measured by neutron diffraction, Six- and eight-coordinate thio- and King P D C, McKenzie I and Veal T D solid and liquid HF ion beam on the front end test stand Domain-wall pinning, 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bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene 2010 and Fernandez-Alonso F Combined electromagnetic-thermal- 251 12090 1-4 (2010) hydrochloride - similarities and Kawamura N, Ishida K, Matsuzaki T, Kirichek O, Down R B E, Kouzmenko G, Dynamics of caged hydronium ions structural simulation of the four Lester C, Chu J H, Analytis J G, differences Imao H and Nagamine K Keeping J, Bunce D, Wotherspoon R and and super-protonic conduction in meter radio frquency quadrupole to Perring T G, Fisher I R and Hayden S M Jarvie H P and King S M Bowden Z A Crystal Growth & Design Vol: 10 5092- Muonic molecule formation in muon- (H3O)SbTeO6 be installed on the front end test Dispersive spin fluctuations in the Headen T F, Howard C A, Skipper N T, 5104 (2010) Just scratching the surface? New catalyzed fusion Operation of superconducting Zeitschrift Fur Physikalische Chemie- stand nearly optimally doped Wilkinson M A, Bowron D T and techniques show how surface Advanced Science Research Symposium magnet with dilution refrigerator International Journal of Research in IPAC 2010 (2010) superconductor Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 Soper A K functionality of nanoparticles 2009: Positron, Muon and Other Exotic insert in zero boil-off regime Physical Chemistry & Chemical Physics (x=0.065) Structure of pi-pi Interactions in Hudsou M R, Allis D G and Hudson B S influences their environmental fate Particle Beams for Materials and Cryogenics Vol: 50 666-669 (2010) Vol: 224 279-287 (2010) Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) aromatic liquids The vibrational spectrum of Nano Today Vol: 5 248-250 (2010) Atomic/Molecular Sciences Vol: 225 Lazim A M, Eastoe J, Bradley M, Journal of the American Chemical parabanic acid by inelastic neutron (2010) Trickett K, Mohamed A and Rogers S E Society Vol: 132 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Lewtas H, Lancaster T, Baker P, Blundell Mancinelli R, Bruni F and Ricci M A Mendels P and Bert F Mulder F M, Assfour B, Huot J, Ohta H, Mansson M, Ikedo Y, Pang W K, Low I M, Kennedy S J and Parker S F Pelley C, Kargl F, Garcia-sakai V, S Prabhakaran D, Pratt F Controversial evidence on the point Quantum Kagome Antiferromagnet Dingemans T J, Wagemaker M and Sugiyama J, Michioka C, Yoshimura K, Smith R I Spectroscopy and bonding in ternary Telling M, Fernandez-alonso F and Local magnetism and of minimum density in deeply ZnCu (OH) Cl Ramirez-Cuesta A J Brewer J H, Ansaldo E J, Stubbs S L, In situ diffraction study on metal hydride complexes-Potential Demmel F 3 6 2 Chow K H and Lord J S magnetoelectric effect in HoMnO3 supercooled confined water Journal of the Physical Society of Japan Hydrogen in the metal-organic decomposition of Ti2AlN at 1500- hydrogen storage media Guide design study for the high studied with muon-spin relaxation Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters Vol: 79 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Adroja D T Sanna S, Coneri F, Rigoldi A, Concas G, diffraction data spectroscopy Crystal Growth & Design Vol: 10 Reply to “Comment on ‘Muon-spin- Giblin S R and De Renzi R Journal of Applied Crystallography Vol: Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) 2770-2774 (2010) rotation study of the Reiter G F, Senesi R and Mayers J Competing orders suppressed by 43 401-406 (2010) Smrcok L, Tunega D, Ramirez-Cuesta A, Srinivas G, M Ellerby et al superconducting properties of Ivanov A and Valuchova J Changes in the zero-point energy of disorder around a hidden quantum Magnetic behaviour in Mo3Sb7’” critical point in high-T cuprate The combined inelastic neutrons Suzuki K, Adachi T, Tanabe Y, Koike Y, JWG Thomason DJ Adams DJS Findlay Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) the protons as the source of the c Dy1-xMmxCo2 compounds binding energy of water to a-phase superconductors Sharma J, King S M, Bohlin L and scattering (INS) and solid-state study Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter Kawamata T, Risdiana Suzuki T and ISK Gardner SJS Jago B Jones et al DNA Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) Clarke N of hydrogen atoms dynamics in 22(43) (2010) Watanabe I Injection upgrades for the ISIS Physical Review Letters Vol: 105 (2010) Apparatus for simultaneous rheology kaolinite dimethylsufloxide Hole trapping by Ni, Kondo effect, synchrotron Tran V H, Hillier A D, Adroja D T and and small-angle neutron scattering intercalate T and electronic phase diagram in Proc 1st International Particle Kaczorowski D Sanna S, De Renzi R, Shiroka T, from high-viscosity polymer melts Clays and Clay Minerals Vol: 58 52-61 Stadler A M nonsuperconducting Ni-substituted Accelerator Conference (IPAC’10), Muon spin rotation and relaxation Lamura G, Prando G, Carretta P, Putti M, (2010) Remhof A, Gremaud R, Buchter F, and blends Dynamics in Biological Systems as La2-xSrxCu1-yNiyO4 Kyoto, Japan, 23-28 May 2010 studies of the filled skutterudite Martinelli A, Cimberle M R, Tropeano M Lodziana Z, Embs J P, Nuclear Instruments & Methods in seen by QENS Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) superconductor ThPt4Ge12 and Palenzona A Ramirez-Cuesta T A J, Borgschulte A Physics Research Section a-Accelerators Zeitschrift Fur Physikalische Chemie- Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter and Zuttel A Nanoscopic coexistence of magnetic Spectrometers Detectors and Smyth T J, Perfumo A, Marchant R, Todorov I, Chung D Y, Claus H, Vol: 22 (2010) Banat I M, Chen M L, Thomas R K, International Journal of Research in Hydrogen dynamics in lightweight and superconducting states within Associated Equipment Vol: 620 437-444 Suzuki T, Watanabe I, Yamada F, Gray K E, Li Q A, Schleuter J, Bakas T, Penfold J, Stevenson P S and Parry N J Physical Chemistry & Chemical Physics tetrahydroborates the FeAs layers of CeFeAsO1-xFx (2010) Vol: 224 201-214 (2010) Yamada M, Ishii Y, Kawamata T, Goto T Douvalis A P, Gutmann M and Zeitschrift Fur Physikalische Chemie- Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) Directed microbial biosynthesis of and Tanaka H Kanatzidis M G Tremsin A S, McPhate J B, Vallerga J V, International Journal of Research in deuterated biosurfactants and Pressure-induced new magnetic Selective Substitution of Cr in Siegmund O H W, Kockelmann W, Sharma V K, Mitra S, Verma G, potential future application to other Steuwer A and Feller W B Physical Chemistry & Chemical Physics Stevenson T, Comyn T P, phase in Tl(Cu0.985Mg0.015)Cl3 probed CaFe4As3 and Its Effect on the spin Vol: 224 263-278 (2010) Sardar K, Playford H Y, Darton R J, Hassan P A, Sakai V G and bioactive molecules Daoud-Aladine A and Bell A J by muon spin rotation density wave A high resolution neutron counting Barney E R, Hannon A C, Tompsett D, Mukhopadhyay R Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Change in periodicity of the Advanced Science Research Symposium Chemistry of Materials Vol: 22 4996- sensors in strain mapping through a Fisher J, Kashtiban R J, Sloan J, Ramos S, Internal dynamics in SDS micelles: Vol: 87 1347-1354 (2010) incommensurate magnetic order 2009: Positron, Muon and Other Exotic 5002 (2010) transmission Bragg edge diffraction Cibin G and Walton R I Risdiana Adachi T, Oki N, Koike Y, neutron scattering study towards commensurate order in Particle Beams for Materials and 2010 IEEE Sensors Vol: 2316-2318 Suzuki T and Watanabe I Nanocrystalline cerium-bismuth Journal of Physical Chemistry B Vol: 114 bismuth ferrite lead titanate Atomic/Molecular Sciences Vol: 225 (2010) Song X, Zhang S Y and Korsunsky A M Muon spin relaxation study of the Cu oxides: synthesis, structural 17049-17056 (2010) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic (2010) Tomiyasu K, Kageyama H, Lee C, spin dynamics in electron-doped characterization, and redox Strain gradient polycrystal plasticity Materials Vol: 322 L64-L67 (2010) Whangbo M H, Tsujimoto Y, properties analysis: Fe modelling and Yoshimura K, Taylor J W, Llobet A, Trickett K, Brice H, Myakonkaya O, high-Tc superconductor Chemistry of Materials Vol: 22 6191- Shen H H, Thomas R K, Penfold J and synchrotron X-ray diffraction Suzuki T, Yamada F, Yamada M, Trouw F, Kakurai K and Yamada K Eastoe J, Rogers S E, Heenan R K and Pr0.86LaCe0.14Cu1-y ZnyO4 Physical Review B Vol: 82 014506 6201 (2010) Fragneto G International Journal of Modern Physics Stewart J R, Hillier A D, Hillier J M and Kawamata T, Ishii Y, Watanabe I, Goto T Magnetic excitations in infinite-layer Grillo I (2010) Destruction and solubilization of B Vol: 24 10-17 (2010) Cywinski R and Tanaka H antiferromagnetic insulator Microemulsion-based organogels supported phospholipid bilayers on Structural and dynamical study of Low-energy spin dynamics in Journal of the Physical Society of Japan containing inorganic nanoparticles silica by the biosurfactant surfactin moment localization in randomness-introduced spin-gap Vol: 79 (2010) Soft Matter Vol: 6 1291-1296 (2010) Langmuir Vol: 26 7334-7342 (2010) systems Tl K CuCl (0.40 <= x <= beta-Mn1-xInx 1-x x 3 Physical Review B Vol: 82 144439 0.65) probed by zero-and (2010) longitudinal-field muon spin relaxation 48 Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) 49 ISIS PUBLICATIONS ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Trickett K, Xing D Z, Enick R, Eastoe J, Vilminot S, Baker P, Blundell S, Xu P G, Oliver E C, Paradowska A M Zhang F J, Weggler S, Ziller M J, Hollamby M J, Mutch K J, Rogers S E, Sugano T, Andre G and Kurmoo M In situ neutron diffraction during Ianeselli L, Heck B S, Hildebrandt A, Heenan R K and Steytler D C Giant magnetic hardness in the thermo-mechanically controlled Kohlbacher O, Skoda M W A, Jacobs R M J and Schreiber F Rod-Like Micelles Thicken CO2 synthetic mineral ferrimagnet process for low alloy steel Langmuir Vol: 26 83-88 (2010) K2Co3II(OH)2(SO4)3(H2O)2 In-situ Studies with Photons, Neutrons Universality of protein reentrant Chemistry of Materials Vol: 22 4090- and Electrons Scattering , Chapter 12 condensation in solution induced by 4095 (2010) 175-190, ISBN 9783642147937 multivalent metal ions Trickett K, Xing D, Eastoe J, Enick R, Proteins-Structure Function and Mohamed A, Hollamby M J, Bioinformatics Vol: 78 3450-3457 Cummings S, Rogers S E and Waki T, Kajinami Y, Tabata Y, Yan Y, Telepeni I, Yang S H, Lin X, (2010) Heenan R K Nakamura H, Yoshida M, Takigawa M Kockelmann W, Dailly A, Blake A J, Hydrocarbon metallosurfactants and Watanabe I Lewis W, Walker G S, Allan D R, for CO Spin-singlet state formation in the Barnett S A, Champness N R and Zhang , H, Baker P and Grantz P 2 Schroder M Langmuir Vol: 26 4732-7 (2010) cluster Mott insulator GaNb4S8 Fabrication and electrical properties studied by muSR and NMR Metal-organic polyhedral of bulk textured LiCoO2 spectroscopy frameworks: a high H2 adsorption Journal of the American Ceramic Society Tucker I, Penfold J, Thomas R K, Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) capacities and neutron powder Vol: 93 1856-1859 (2010) Dong C C, Golding S, Gibson C and diffraction studies Grillo I Journal of the American Chemical Surface and solution properties of Wang C H, Christianson A D, Society Vol: 132 4092 (2010) Zhang Z M, Kennedy B J, Howard C J, anionic/nonionic surfactant mixtures Lawrence J M, Bauer E D, Jang L Y, Knight K S, Matsuda M and of alkylbenzene sulfonate and Goremychkin E A, Kolesnikov A I, Miyake M triethyleneglycol decyl ether Trouw F, Ronning F, Thompson J D, Yang G D, Jiang Z, Shi H H, Jones M O, X-ray absorption and neutron Langmuir Vol: 26 10614-10626 (2010) Lumsden M D, Ni N, Mun E D, Jia S, Xiao T C, Edwards P P and Yan Z F diffraction studies of Canfield P C, Qiu Y and Copley J R D Study on the photocatalysis of F-S (Sr1-xCex)MnO3: transition from Neutron scattering and scaling co-doped TiO2 prepared using coherent to incoherent static Jahn- Tucker I, Petkov J, Penfold J and behavior in URu2Zn20 and YbFe2Zn20 solvothermal method Teller distortions Thomas R K Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) Applied Catalysis B-Environmental Vol: Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter Adsorption of nonionic and mixed 96 458-465 (2010) Vol: 22 (2010) nonionic/cationic surfactants onto hydrophilic and hydrophobic Wang C H, Lawrence J M, cellulose thin films Christianson A D, Goremychkin E A, Yin C L, Li G B, Kockelmann W A, Zhang Z Y, Pen Y, Edyvean R G, Langmuir Vol: 26 8036-8048 (2010) Fanelli V R, Gofryk K, Bauer E D, Liao F H, Attfield J P and Lin J H Banwart S A, Dalgliesh R M and Ronning F, Thompson J D, de Souza N R, Frustrated and unfrustrated magnetic Geoghegan M Kolesnikov A I and Littrell K C orders in the 10H perovskite Ba5Sb1- Adhesive and conformational Utfeld C, Laverock J, Haynes T D, Kondo behavior, ferromagnetic xMn4+xO15-delta behaviour of mycolic acid Dugdale S B, Duffy J A, Butchers M W, correlations, and crystal fields in the Chemistry of Materials Vol: 22 3269- monolayers Taylor J W, Giblin S R, Analytis J G, heavy-fermion compounds Ce3X (X = 3276 (2010) Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta- Chu J H, Fisher I R, Itou M and Sakurai Y In, Sn) Biomembranes Vol: 1798 1829-1839 Bulk electronic structure of optimally Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) (2010) Zaberchik M, Chashka K, Patlgan L, doped Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) Maniv A, Baines C, King P and Kanigel A Wang S K, Mamontov E, Bai M, Possible evidence of a two-gap SY Zhang A Paradowska J Kelleher Hansen F Y, Taub H, Copley J R D, W Kockelmann structure for the CuxTiSe2 Vaknin D, Garlea V O, Demmel F, Sakai V G, Gasparovic G, Jenkins T, superconductor Neutrons for materials engineering Mamontov E, Nojiri H, Martin C, Tyagi M, Herwig K W, Neumann D A, Physical Review B Vol: 81 220505 at ISIS: present and future Chiorescu I, Qiu Y, Kogerler P, Fielden J, Montfrooij W and Volkmann U G (2010) capabilities Engelhardt L, Rainey C and Luban M Localized diffusive motion on two The 8th European Conference on Level crossings and zero-field different time scales in solid alkane Residual Stresses , Riva del Garda, Italy, nanoparticles Zaleski P, Szymanski K, Przewoznik J, 26-28 Aug 2010 splitting in the Cr8-cubane spin cluster studied using inelastic Epl Vol: 91 (2010) Recko K, Cottrell S and Dobrzynski L neutron scattering and Cr3Si doped by Co studied by muon magnetization spin relaxation and scanning electron SY Zhang B Abbey W Vorster Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter Wheeler E M, Lake B, Islam A, microscopy techniques AM Korsunsky Vol: 22 (2010) Reehuis M, Steffens P, Guidi T and Journal of Alloys and Compounds Vol: Feasibility study of neutron strain Hill A H 498 5-12 (2010) tomography Spin and orbital order in the 12th European Powder Diffraction Varga B, Migliardo F, Takacs E, vanadium spinel MgV2O4 Conference, Darmstadt, Germany, 27- Vertessy B, Magazu S and Telling M T F Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) Zarbakhsh A, Campana M, Mills D and 30 Aug 2010 Study of solvent-protein coupling Webster J R P effects by neutron scattering Structural studies of aliphatic Journal of Biological Physics Vol: 36 Wilding M, Guthrie M, Bull C and substituted phthalocyanine-lipid Zhou H D, Jo Y J, Carpino J F, Munoz G J, 207-220 (2010) Tucker M multilayers Wiebe C R, Cheng J G, Rivadulla F and Neutron diffraction studies of Langmuir Vol: 26 15383-15387 (2010) Adroja D T amorphous materials at high pressure Orbital fluctuations in the S=1/2 Vaz P D, Nolasco M M, Gil F, Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta Vol: Mott insulator Sr2VO4 Ribeiro-Claro P J A and Tomikinson J 74 A1132-A1132 (2010) Zarbakhsh A, Campana M, Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) Hydrogen-bond dynamics of C-H Webster J R P and Wojciechowski K center O interactions: the chloroform Stabilization of alkylated azacrown acetone case Willers T, Hu Z, Hollmann N, Korner P ether by fatty acid at the air-water Zorko A, Bert F, Mendels P, Marty K and Chemistry-a European Journal Vol: 16 O, Gegner J, Burnus T, Fujiwara H, interface Bordet P 9010-9017 (2010) Tanaka A, Schmitz D, Hsieh H H, Lin H J, Langmuir Vol: 26 18194-18198 (2010) Ground state of the easy-axis rare- Chen C T, Bauer E D, Sarrao J L, earth Kagome langasite Pr3Ga5SiO14 Goremychkin E, Koza M, Tjeng L H and Physical Review Letters Vol: 104 (2010) Vecchini C, Poienar M, Damay F, Severing A Zhang B, Kurmoo M, Mori T, Zhang Y, Adamopoulos O, Daoud-Aladine A, Crystal-field and Kondo-scale Pratt F L and Zhu D B Lappas A, Perez-Mato J, Chapon L and investigations of CeMIn5 Polymorphism in hybrid organic- Martin C (M=Co, Ir, and Rh): a combined X-ray inorganic bilayered magnetic absorption and inelastic neutron Magnetoelastic coupling in the conductors (BEDT-TTF)3(FeCl4)-Cl-III)2, frustrated antiferromagnetic scattering study BEDT-TTF = Physical Review B Vol: 81 (2010) triangular lattice CuMnO2 bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene Physical Review B Vol: 82 (2010) Crystal Growth & Design Vol: 10 782- 789 (2010) Wu C Z, Wu G T, Xiong Z T, David W I F, Background: Yuli Xiong (University of Bath) using Inter to explore nanostructured Ryan K R, Jones M O, Edwards P P, hydrogel films. Chu H L and Chen P Top left: John Claridge (University of Liverpool) preparing multiferroic samples for Stepwise phase transition in the structural studies on HRPD. formation of lithium amidoborane Inorganic Chemistry Vol: 49 4319-4323 Left: Andrew Parnell, Tao Wang and Yohei Kamata (University of Sheffield) using 50 (2010) Polref to study the composition profile of multi-layered polymeric systems. 51 ISIS SEMINARS ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

Ian Wood (UCL) conducting experiments on Osiris on the thermoelastic properties and high-pressure decomposition

of MgSO4.11D2O relevant to planetary geology.

ISIS hosts seminars on topics covering the range of science undertaken at the facility by researchers from the UK, Europe and further afield. ISIS seminars 2010-2011

11 May 2010 22 July 2010 2-9 November 2010 Nicola Marzari (Oxford University) Senthil Todadri (Massachusetts Institue Pierre Toledano (Univ. de Picardie, Characterizing complex materials of Technology, USA) Amiens, France) from first-principles Quantum spin liquids and the Mott Theory of the amorphous solid state transition Symmetry replication in liquid crystals, superconductors and 25 May 2010 multiferroics Roger Pynn (Indiana University, USA) 22 July 2010 Some recent progress with spin echo Jason Ho (Ohio State University, USA) Right: Greg Chasse (University of 18 January 2011 scattering angle measurement Quantum simulation with cold Wales, Bangor), Tian Kun atoms: challenges and opportunities Natalie Malikova (Laboratoire Leon (Semmelweiss University), Brillouin, France) Neville Greaves (Aberystwyth 8 June 2010 Hydrophobic ions and University) and David Setiad 30 July 2010 Dr Tomaso Aste (University of Kent) polyelectrolytes in aqueous solution (University of Nottingham) Insights into disorder Alexei Tsvelik (Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA) exploring the structure and 15 February 2011 dynamics of biocompatible dental Visual demonstration of spinon glass cements on Nimrod. 6 July 2010 confinement Enrique Sanchez Marcos (Universidad de Evgenyi Shalaev (Groton Laboratories, Sevilla, Spain) USA) Proving the synergy of MD-XAS for 10 August 2010 Far right: Nichola Middleton- Water relationships in solid solving the structure of metal ion Crispin Barnes (Cambridge University) solutions: the actinide aqua ion Stewart (University of Manchester) pharmaceuticals - from small using Engin-X to study temperature molecules to biological systems Experimental and theoretical contraction and the Pt environment analysis of magnetic moment in an anticancer drug dependence of the coerciver stress enhancement in oxygen-deficient in rhombohedral lead zirconate 13 July 2010 EuO ceramics. Brahim Elouadi (Universite de la 22 February 2011 Rochelle, France) Oleg Kirichek (ISIS) 14 September 2010 Correlation between the composition New sample environment at ISIS and ferroelectric phase transitions in Shinji Kohara (Japan Synchrotron Lithium niobate and related non Radiation Research Institute) 1 March 2011 stoichioemtric compounds High-energy X-ray diffraction studies of disordered materials at SPring8 Rahul Roy (Oxford University) Topological invariants and 15 July 2010 topological insulators Gabriel Kotliar (Rutgers University, USA) 7 October 2010 Towards an ab-initio theory of Eberhard Engel (J.W.Goethe- 22 March 2011 correlated materials: the challenge of Universitaet, Frankfurt, Germany) the iron pnictides Insulating ground states of Peter Weightman (Liverpool University) transition-metal monoxides from The physics of life: does quantum exact exchange mechanics play a non trivial role? 20 July 2010 Paola Verrucchi (Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Firenze, Italy) 14 October 2010 29 March 2011 Optimal dynamics for quantum-state Professor Michel Gingras (University of Bill David (ISIS) and entanglement transfer through Waterloo and Canadian Institute for Neutron, X-ray and computational homogeneous quantum wires Advanced Research, Canada) studies of novel hydrogen storage Open problems in the physics of rare materials 52 earth magnetic pyrochlore oxides 53 ISIS PANELS ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE ISIS panels ISIS Facility Access Panel

FAP 1 FAP 2 FAP 3 FAP 4 FAP 5 FAP 6 FAP 7 Diffraction Liquids Large Scale Excitations Molecular Muons Engineering Structures Spectroscopy D Gregory C Hardacre A Zarbakhsh D McMorrow N Skipper D Paul J Bouchard Chair Chair Chair Chair Chair Chair Chair D Allan C Cabrillo D Barlow A Boothroyd D Book H Dilger M Hutchings A Bombardi F Meersman W Bouman P Dai F Bresme A Drew N O’Dowd J Claridge G Monaco S Clarke R De Renzi S Golunski R Osborn J Quinta da Fonseca A Florence G Mountjoy T Hase B Gaulin M Jones I Terry D Rugg A Goodwin J Tse J Lakey B Lake M Krystyniak J Titman A Steuwer M Hofmann R Winter T Nylander O Petrenko MP Marques T Veal H Stone B Kennedy E Sivaniah S Raymond A Nogales Ruiz I Watanabe J Yates P Slater P Steadman D Reznik R Senesi ISIS user satisfaction survey R Walton I Tucker N Shannon

A Wills Scientific support I Wood Out-of-hours C Neylon scientific support M Tucker D Bowron J Webster J Taylor J Mayers S Cottrell SY Zhang S Hull A Hannon S Langridge T Perring F Demmel A Hillier J Kelleher Technical support Ricardo Fernandez-Perea (IEM, Spain), Febienne ISIS Facility Access Panel membership for the June 2011 meetings. The FAPs meet meet twice per year to review all proposals submitted to the facility Barroso-Bujans and Carlos Cabrill (CSIC, Spain) during based on scientific merit and timeliness. Out-of-hours their studies of the kinetics of molecular intercalation technical support into graphite oxide on Nimrod ISIS User Committee User office

Chair D Lennon University of Glasgow ISIS reliability IUG1 Crystallography D Gregory University of Glasgow User Satisfaction A Powell Heriot-Watt University All users visiting the facility are invited to Instrument 2007 IUG2 Liquids & Amorphous J Holbrey Queen’s University Belfast complete a satisfaction survey which performance B Webber University of Kent 2008 addresses the quality of the scientific, Instrument 2009 IUG3 Large Scale Structures A Zarbaksh Queen Mary College, London technical and User Office support, the information J Lakey University of Newcastle ISIS, instrument and support equipment 2010 Sample environment IUG4 Excitations J Goff Royal Holloway University London performance and reliability, and the equipment 2011 P Salmon Bath University quality of the accommodation and IUG5 Molecular Spectroscopy F Kargl University of Aberdeen restaurant facilities. The feedback Software D Lennon University of Glasgow obtained in this way helps to ensure a IUG6 Muons S Kilcoyne University of Salford high quality service is maintained and Accommodation T Lancaster University of Oxford improved where necessary. on site A Drew Queen Mary University of London Accommodation IUG7 Engineering M Fitzpatrick The Open University off site M Preuss University of Manchester D Dye Imperial College London Food in RAL restaurant

Director ISIS A D Taylor Vending areas ISS Division Head U Steigenberger

IEO Division Head Z A Bowden Processing claims

II Division Head D Greenfield 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 IDM Division Head R L McGreevy Percentage

ISS Deputy Division Head P J C King ISIS user survey results from 2007 to 2011. 54 A D Kaye ISIS User Programme Manager ISIS User Committee Membership for June 2011. The IUC exists to represent the user community on all aspects of facility operation. 55 ISIS USERS AT WORK ISIS PULSED NEUTRON AND MUON SOURCE

ISIS users at work

Right: Maja Hellsing (Uppsala University) investigating the organisation of latex particles in solution and at the water-sapphire interface on Offspec. Left: Vassili Vorontsov and Sophia Yan (Imperial College London) during their time using HRPD to study lattice misfit in Co-based superalloys.

Bottom left: Chris Howard and Paddy Cullen (University College London) using Nimrod to study the structure of Ca- and Yb- ammonia solutions. Bottom right: Hui Xu (Oxford University) preparing samples for studies on Inter of spontaneous multilayer formation at interfaces in mixed surfactant systems. Below: Mauro Ricco and Mohammad Choucair (Parma University) using Emu to study the magnetic properties of grapheme.

56 ISIS Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK T: +44 (0)1235 445592 F: +44 (0)1235 445103 E: [email protected] www.stfc.ac.uk

Head office: Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1SZ, United Kingdom. Establishments at: Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire; Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire; UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Edinburgh; Chilbolton Observatory, Hampshire; Isaac Newton Group, La Palma; Joint Astronomy Centre, Hawaii.