Molecular Characterizations of Kenyan Brachiaria Grass Ecotypes with Microsatellite (SSR) Markers
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Types of American Grasses
z LIBRARY OF Si AS-HITCHCOCK AND AGNES'CHASE 4: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM oL TiiC. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE United States National Herbarium Volume XII, Part 3 TXE&3 OF AMERICAN GRASSES . / A STUDY OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF GRASSES DESCRIBED BY LINNAEUS, GRONOVIUS, SLOANE, SWARTZ, AND MICHAUX By A. S. HITCHCOCK z rit erV ^-C?^ 1 " WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1908 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Issued June 18, 1908 ii PREFACE The accompanying paper, by Prof. A. S. Hitchcock, Systematic Agrostologist of the United States Department of Agriculture, u entitled Types of American grasses: a study of the American species of grasses described by Linnaeus, Gronovius, Sloane, Swartz, and Michaux," is an important contribution to our knowledge of American grasses. It is regarded as of fundamental importance in the critical sys- tematic investigation of any group of plants that the identity of the species described by earlier authors be determined with certainty. Often this identification can be made only by examining the type specimen, the original description being inconclusive. Under the American code of botanical nomenclature, which has been followed by the author of this paper, "the nomenclatorial t}rpe of a species or subspecies is the specimen to which the describer originally applied the name in publication." The procedure indicated by the American code, namely, to appeal to the type specimen when the original description is insufficient to identify the species, has been much misunderstood by European botanists. It has been taken to mean, in the case of the Linnsean herbarium, for example, that a specimen in that herbarium bearing the same name as a species described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum must be taken as the type of that species regardless of all other considerations. -
Urochloa Ruziziensis Scientific Name Urochloa Ruziziensis (R
Tropical Forages Urochloa ruziziensis Scientific name Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ. and C.M. Evrard) Crins A tufted and spreading perennial with decumbent culms shown here with Well fertilized young ruzi grass Synonyms fruit trees. Basionym: Brachiaria ruziziensis R. Germ. and C.M. Evrard Family/tribe Family: Poaceae (alt. Gramineae) subfamily: Panicoideae tribe: Paniceae subtribe: Melinidinae. Morphological description Stolons with nodal plantlets A tufted, spreading perennial grass forming a dense leafy cover. Culms decumbent, geniculately ascending, 50–100 cm long, 3–4 mm diameter, arising from short Pubescence on leaves rhizomes, sometimes rooting from lower nodes; fertile culms to 1.5 m high. Leaf sheath longer than internode, loose, covered with dense tuberculate hairs; ligule a fringe of hairs; leaf-blades lanceolate to oblong lanceolate, contracted at base, tapering to an acute apex, 10–25 cm long, (6–) 11–15 mm wide, upper and lower surfaces densely villose with erect hairs, margins cartilaginous and slightly scabrous. Inflorescence a Inflorescence a panicle comprising panicle comprising (3–) 5–7 (–9) racemes, 5–10 cm mostly 5–7 racemes, Thailand long borne along one side of a central axis (rachis) 4–12 Seed units showing 7-veined upper glume with pilose surface and hairy cm long; rachis, broadly winged, foliaceous, triquetrous, acute apex 2–3.5 mm wide, ciliate on margins. Spikelets elliptic, cuspidate, 4–5 mm long, falling entire; glumes dissimilar, reaching apex of florets, thinner than fertile lemma; lower glume oblate, apex obtuse or acute, clasping; 0.33–0.5 length of spikelet, membranous, without keels, 11–13- veined; upper glume oblong, length of spikelet, membranous, without keels, 7-veined, surface pilose, hairy above, apex acute. -
Effects of Plant Diversity on Simulated Climate–Vegetation Interaction
Effects of plant diversity on simulated climate-vegetation interaction towards the end of the African Humid Period Vivienne Pascale Groner Hamburg 2017 Berichte zur Erdsystemforschung 195 Reports on Earth System Science 2017 Hinweis Notice Die Berichte zur Erdsystemforschung werden The Reports on Earth System Science are vom Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie in published by the Max Planck Institute for Hamburg in unregelmäßiger Abfolge heraus- Meteorology in Hamburg. They appear in gegeben. irregular intervals. Sie enthalten wissenschaftliche und technische They contain scientific and technical contribu- Beiträge, inklusive Dissertationen. tions, including Ph. D. theses. Die Beiträge geben nicht notwendigerweise die The Reports do not necessarily reflect the Auffassung des Instituts wieder. opinion of the Institute. Die "Berichte zur Erdsystemforschung" führen The "Reports on Earth System Science" continue die vorherigen Reihen "Reports" und "Examens- the former "Reports" and "Examensarbeiten" of arbeiten" weiter. the Max Planck Institute. Anschrift / Address Layout Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie Bettina Diallo and Norbert P. Noreiks Bundesstrasse 53 Communication 20146 Hamburg Deutschland Copyright Tel./Phone: +49 (0)40 4 11 73 - 0 Fax: +49 (0)40 4 11 73 - 298 Photos below: ©MPI-M Photos on the back from left to right: [email protected] Christian Klepp, Jochem Marotzke, www.mpimet.mpg.de Christian Klepp, Clotilde Dubois, Christian Klepp, Katsumasa Tanaka Effects of plant diversity on simulated climate-vegetation interaction towards the end of the African Humid Period Dissertation with the aim of achieving a doctoral degree at the Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences Department of Earth Sciences of Universität Hamburg submitted by Vivienne Pascale Groner Hamburg 2017 Vivienne Pascale Groner Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie Bundesstrasse 53 20146 Hamburg Tag der Disputation: 06.07.2017 Folgende Gutachter empfehlen die Annahme der Dissertation: Prof. -
Effects of Temperature on Harmonia Axyridis and Chrysoperla Externa 1353
Auad et al.: Effects of Temperature on Harmonia axyridis and Chrysoperla externa 1353 EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF HARMONIA AXYRIDIS (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) AND CHRYSOPERLA EXTERNA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FED ON RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ALEXANDER MACHADO AUAD*, JULIANA CRISTINA SANTOS AND MARCY G. FONSECA Entomology Laboratory, Embrapa Dairy Cattle Research Station, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil *Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The effects of various temperatures on the development and survival of Harmonia axy- ridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) fed on Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were studied, and some biological aspects among these predators were compared. On average, 70 nymphs of R. padi were added to each experimental unit with predator larvae and maintained at 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, or 32 °C. The duration (days) and survival (%) were measured for each immature stage of the two predator species. The developmental durations of all H. axyridis larval instars, the total larval stage, the pupal stage and total preimaginal stage were very long at 16 °C but shortest at 24 °C for the first, second and third larval instars and at 28 ºC for the fourth larval instar, the total larval stage and the total pre-imaginal stage. Both at 24 °C and 28 °C, 92% of H. axyridis completed the larva to adult cycle, whereas survival was significantly reduced in the 16 to 20 °C range. At the highest temperature (32 °C), 70% ofH. axyridis did not reach adulthood. In the case of C. externa, the durations of development of all larval instars and the total larval stage became progressively shorter as the temperature increased from 12 to 20 °C. -
Control Agent for Echinochloa Spp. (Pelbagai Perumah Untuk Exserohilum Monoceras 1125, Agen Kawalan Biologi Yang Berpotensi Untuk Kawalan Echinochloa Spp.)
J. Trop. Agric. and Fd. Sc. 38(2)(2010): 267-274 Host range of Exserohilum monoceras 1125, a potential biological control agent for Echinochloa spp. (Pelbagai perumah untuk Exserohilum monoceras 1125, agen kawalan biologi yang berpotensi untuk kawalan Echinochloa spp.) S. Tosiah*, J. Kadir**, M. Sariah**, A.S. Juraimi**, N.P. Lo* and S. Soetikno*** Keywords: Exserohilum monoceras, host range, Echinochloa spp., bioherbicide Abstract A total of 54 plant species, including varieties and breeding lines from 14 families and 33 genera were screened against Exserohilum monoceras, a fungal pathogen with potential as biocontrol agent for barnyard grass, Echinochloa crus-galli. The selected plant species were treated with spore suspensions at about 2.5 x 107 spores/ml concentration in glasshouse conditions supplemented with 24 h dew. The ability of the fungus to infect the plants was evaluated by disease incidence and disease severity which translated into disease index (DI). The disease index of Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli, E. crus-galli var. formosensis and E. stagnina were 4 (dead) while those for E. colona and E. oryzicola were 3 (severely damage). Among the economic plants tested, only Zea mays was infected with a disease index of 2 (tolerant). Young Imperata cylindrica was dead (DI = 4), however the older plant showed hypersensitive reaction (DI = 2). Other plants that were infected were Cymbopogon sp. (DI = 1), Paspalum sp. (DI = 3) and Rhynchelytrum repen (DI = 3). Exserohilum monoceras did not infect selected varieties of rice in Malaysia, such as MRQ 50, MRQ 74, MR 219, MR 220 and MR 84. Vegetables and medicinal plants used in the test were also not infected. -
Molecular Dating of Phylogenetic Divergence Between Urochloa
Pessoa-Filho et al. BMC Genomics (2017) 18:516 DOI 10.1186/s12864-017-3904-2 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Molecular dating of phylogenetic divergence between Urochloa species based on complete chloroplast genomes Marco Pessoa-Filho1, Alexandre Magalhães Martins2 and Márcio Elias Ferreira2,3* Abstract Background: Forage species of Urochloa are planted in millions of hectares of tropical and subtropical pastures in South America. Most of the planted area is covered with four species (U. ruziziensis, U. brizantha, U. decumbens and U. humidicola). Breeding programs rely on interspecific hybridizations to increase genetic diversity and introgress traits of agronomic importance. Knowledge of phylogenetic relationships is important to optimize compatible hybridizations in Urochloa, where phylogeny has been subject of some controversy. We used next-generation sequencing to assemble the chloroplast genomes of four Urochloa species to investigate their phylogenetic relationships, compute their times of divergence and identify chloroplast DNA markers (microsatellites, SNPs and InDels). Results: Whole plastid genome sizes were 138,765 bp in U. ruziziensis, 138,945 bp in U. decumbens, 138,946 bp in U. brizantha and 138,976 bp in U. humidicola. Each Urochloa chloroplast genome contained 130 predicted coding regions and structural features that are typical of Panicoid grasses. U. brizantha and U. decumbens chloroplast sequences are highly similar and show reduced SNP, InDel and SSR polymorphism as compared to U. ruziziensis and U. humidicola. Most of the structural and sequence polymorphisms were located in intergenic regions, and reflected phylogenetic distances between species. Divergence of U. humidicola from a common ancestor with the three other Urochloa species was estimated at 9.46 mya. -
Grasses of Namibia Contact
Checklist of grasses in Namibia Esmerialda S. Klaassen & Patricia Craven For any enquiries about the grasses of Namibia contact: National Botanical Research Institute Private Bag 13184 Windhoek Namibia Tel. (264) 61 202 2023 Fax: (264) 61 258153 E-mail: [email protected] Guidelines for using the checklist Cymbopogon excavatus (Hochst.) Stapf ex Burtt Davy N 9900720 Synonyms: Andropogon excavatus Hochst. 47 Common names: Breëblaarterpentyngras A; Broad-leaved turpentine grass E; Breitblättriges Pfeffergras G; dukwa, heng’ge, kamakama (-si) J Life form: perennial Abundance: uncommon to locally common Habitat: various Distribution: southern Africa Notes: said to smell of turpentine hence common name E2 Uses: used as a thatching grass E3 Cited specimen: Giess 3152 Reference: 37; 47 Botanical Name: The grasses are arranged in alphabetical or- Rukwangali R der according to the currently accepted botanical names. This Shishambyu Sh publication updates the list in Craven (1999). Silozi L Thimbukushu T Status: The following icons indicate the present known status of the grass in Namibia: Life form: This indicates if the plant is generally an annual or G Endemic—occurs only within the political boundaries of perennial and in certain cases whether the plant occurs in water Namibia. as a hydrophyte. = Near endemic—occurs in Namibia and immediate sur- rounding areas in neighbouring countries. Abundance: The frequency of occurrence according to her- N Endemic to southern Africa—occurs more widely within barium holdings of specimens at WIND and PRE is indicated political boundaries of southern Africa. here. 7 Naturalised—not indigenous, but growing naturally. < Cultivated. Habitat: The general environment in which the grasses are % Escapee—a grass that is not indigenous to Namibia and found, is indicated here according to Namibian records. -
Saurashtra University Re – Accredited Grade ‘B’ by NAAC (CGPA 2.93)
Saurashtra University Re – Accredited Grade ‘B’ by NAAC (CGPA 2.93) Jadav, Rajan D., 2010, “Ecological Status and Importance of Grasslands (Vidis) in Conservation of Avian”, thesis PhD, Saurashtra University http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu/id/eprint/569 Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Saurashtra University Theses Service http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu [email protected] © The Author “ECOLOGICAL STATUS AND IMPORTANCE OF GRASSLANDS (VIDIS) IN CONSERVATION OF AVIAN FAUNA IN SAURASHTRA” Thesis submitted to Saurashtra University, Rajkot For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology (Animal sciences) By Rajan. D. Jadav Department of Biosciences Saurashtra University Rajkot – 364002 April 2010 SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE University Campus. RAJKOT-360005 (INDIA) Gujarat. CERTIFICATE Tel: (O) 0091-281-2586419 Fax: 0091-281-2586419 DATE: I have great pleasure in forwarding the thesis of Mr. Rajan. D. Jadav entitled “Ecological status and importance of grasslands (vidis) in conservation of avian fauna in Saurashtra.” for accepting the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology (Animal sciences) from the Saurashtra University Rajkot. This Study was carried out by Mr. -
90858938009.Pdf
Bragantia ISSN: 0006-8705 ISSN: 1678-4499 Instituto Agronômico de Campinas Valverde, Alejandro Hipólito Pabón; Soares, Bruno Oliveira; Tomaz, Adriano Cirino; Pimentel, Guilherme Vieira; Peternelli, Luiz Alexandre; Barbosa, Márcio Henrique Pereira A new methodology for large-scale screening sugarcane resistance to Mahanarva Fimbriolata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) Bragantia, vol. 77, no. 4, 2018, pp. 1-10 Instituto Agronômico de Campinas DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.2017403 Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=90858938009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.2017403 A new methodology for large-scale screening sugarcane resistance to Mahanarva Fimbriolata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) Alejandro Hipólito Pabón Valverde1, Bruno Oliveira Soares2, Adriano Cirino Tomaz1, Guilherme Vieira Pimentel3*, Luiz Alexandre Peternelli4, Márcio Henrique Pereira Barbosa1 1.Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Departamento de Fitotecnia - Viçosa (MG), Brazil. 2.Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo - Vitória (ES), Brazil. 3.Universidade Federal de Lavras - Departamento de Fitotecnia - Lavras (MG), Brazil 4.Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Departamento de Estatística - Viçosa (MG), Brazil. ABSTRACT: The sugarcane spittlebug, Mahanarva fimbriolata infesting single-tiller plants supported in a small plant growth unit (Walker) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) is an economically important and assessing the damage by using a 1-5 visual damage score. pest of sugarcane in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to Our data suggest screening with four to six nymphs per plant and develop and validate a greenhouse methodology to screen large the damage score assessment at least 21 days after infestation. -
Quality Assessment of Urochloa (Syn. Brachiaria) Seeds Produced In
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Quality assessment of Urochloa (syn. Brachiaria) seeds produced in Cameroon Njehoya Clémence‑Aggy1,2,3, Ntchapda Fidèle3, Kana Jean Raphael4, Etchu Kingsley Agbor1 & Sita R. Ghimire2* Urochloa (syn. Brachiaria) is the most popular fodder of livestock farmers in Cameroon for hay and seed productions. Farmers in Cameroon have been producing Brachiaria seeds for decades for own uses and surplus are sold to neighbours, and to traders from Cameroon and neighbouring countries. However, there is no information available about qualities of these seeds. Fifteen Urochloa seeds samples were collected from farmers and/or government stations in fve regions (Adamaoua, East, North, North West, and West) and analysed for major seed quality parameters along with seeds of improved Urochloa cultivar Basilisk imported from Brazil as a check. Study showed signifcant diferences among treatments for various seed quality parameters tested (P < 0.0001). The highest thousand grains weight was recorded in Basilisk (5.685 g), followed by W12 (3.555 g), A05 (3.153 g) and N01 (2.655 g). Caryopsis number and caryopsis weight were highest in Basilisk followed by E09, A06, and W12. Of three conditions tested for seed germination, mean germination was the highest in greenhouse (7.39%) where Basilisk had the highest germination (25.5%) followed by N01 (18.50%), A05 (14.50%) and W12 (12.75%). The seed viability ranged from 18% (E09) to 81% (N01), and there were a positive and highly signifcant relationships between seed germination and viability traits (r = 0.883; P < 0.0001). This study showed a marked diference in seed quality parameters of Urochloa grass seeds produced in Cameroon, and the potential of developing Urochloa grass seed business in the Northern, Adamaoua and Western regions of Cameroon. -
Genomic Composition and Evolution in Urochloa (Brachiaria) Species
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.19.431966; this version posted February 19, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE 2 3 Complex polyploid and hybrid species in an apomictic and sexual tropical forage grass 4 group: genomic composition and evolution in Urochloa (Brachiaria) species 5 6 Paulina Tomaszewska1)*), Maria S. Vorontsova2), Stephen A. Renvoize2), Sarah Z. Ficinski2), 7 Joseph Tohme3), Trude Schwarzacher1), Valheria Castiblanco3), José J. de Vega4), Rowan A. 8 C. Mitchell5) and J. S. (Pat) Heslop-Harrison1) 9 10 1) Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, 11 United Kingdom 12 2) Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom 13 3) International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia 14 4) Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom 15 5) Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire Al5 2JQ, United Kingdom 16 *) For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] 17 18 ORCID: 19 PT: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9596-7219; MV: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0899-1120; JT: 20 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2765-7101; TS: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8310-5489; VC: 21 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2801-2153; JV: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2847-5158; RM: 22 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1412-8828; PHH: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3105-2167 Tomaszewska et al. -
Uniola Paniculata L. Sp. Pl. 71. (1753)
Uniola condensata Hitchcock. Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. xxiv. 345 (1927). Accepted by: R.J.Soreng et al., Catalogue of New World Grasses (2000–2003) and online, W.D.Clayton & K.Harman, GrassBase (2008) and online, U.Quattrocchi, CRC World Dictionary of Grasses (2006). TYPE from Ecuador. T:<Type of Basionym>: fide TROPICOS and Kew Synonomy Database: Ecuador, Huigra: Hitchcock 20333 (US holo, F, GH, K, NY). Illustrations (Books): G.Harling & C.Persson, Flora of Ecuador (2006) (68: 9, Fig. 2 (2001)). Derivation (Clifford & Bostock 2007): L. condenso , press close together. Spikelets crowded in the inflorescence. Classification . Subfamily Chloridoideae. Tribe: Eragrostideae. Habit, Vegetative Morphology . Perennial, caespitose. Rootstock evident. Rhizomes absent. Culms erect, 100–150 cm long. Leaves without demarcation between sheath and blade. Leaf-sheaths glabrous on surface or pilose. Leaf-sheath oral hairs lacking. Ligule absent. Leaf-blades 30–60 cm long, 3–8 mm wide, coriaceous, stiff. Leaf-blade surface ribbed. Inflorescence . Inflorescence composed of racemes. Racemes numerous, borne along a central axis, closely spaced, unilateral, 1–3 cm long, simple or secondarily branched. Central inflorescence axis 25–40 cm long. Spikelet packing broadside to rhachis, crowded, regular, 2 -rowed. Spikelets in pairs. Fertile spikelets pedicelled, 2 in the cluster. Pedicels present, oblong. Fertile Spikelets . Spikelets comprising 1–3 basal sterile florets, 3–6 fertile florets, with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets of 2 or more fertile florets. Spikelets one-many-flowered - if two-flowered then both fertile or the upper sterile. Spikelets ovate, laterally compressed, compressed strongly, 4–5 mm long, 2.5–4 mm wide, falling entire.