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90858938009.Pdf Bragantia ISSN: 0006-8705 ISSN: 1678-4499 Instituto Agronômico de Campinas Valverde, Alejandro Hipólito Pabón; Soares, Bruno Oliveira; Tomaz, Adriano Cirino; Pimentel, Guilherme Vieira; Peternelli, Luiz Alexandre; Barbosa, Márcio Henrique Pereira A new methodology for large-scale screening sugarcane resistance to Mahanarva Fimbriolata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) Bragantia, vol. 77, no. 4, 2018, pp. 1-10 Instituto Agronômico de Campinas DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.2017403 Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=90858938009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.2017403 A new methodology for large-scale screening sugarcane resistance to Mahanarva Fimbriolata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) Alejandro Hipólito Pabón Valverde1, Bruno Oliveira Soares2, Adriano Cirino Tomaz1, Guilherme Vieira Pimentel3*, Luiz Alexandre Peternelli4, Márcio Henrique Pereira Barbosa1 1.Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Departamento de Fitotecnia - Viçosa (MG), Brazil. 2.Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo - Vitória (ES), Brazil. 3.Universidade Federal de Lavras - Departamento de Fitotecnia - Lavras (MG), Brazil 4.Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Departamento de Estatística - Viçosa (MG), Brazil. ABSTRACT: The sugarcane spittlebug, Mahanarva fimbriolata infesting single-tiller plants supported in a small plant growth unit (Walker) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) is an economically important and assessing the damage by using a 1-5 visual damage score. pest of sugarcane in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to Our data suggest screening with four to six nymphs per plant and develop and validate a greenhouse methodology to screen large the damage score assessment at least 21 days after infestation. sugarcane populations for resistance to spittlebug Mahanarva The screening technique was proved reliable as susceptible and fimbriolata. A resistant and a susceptible genotype (H. Kawandang resistant controls were placed in their respective resistance category. and SP81-3250) were first used to determine adequate days after Three genotypes were classified as resistant while the majority of infestation and levels of infestation (number of nymphs per plant) genotypes were classified as susceptible to spittlebug, indicating for comparing the resistance of genotypes. Then, 74 sugarcane the need of breeding for resistance. genotypes including three susceptible and three resistant controls Key words: Saccharum sp., spittlebug, plant-insect interaction, were screened for resistance. The screening method consists in nymph damage. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: Nov. 22, 2017 – Accepted: Feb. 1, 2018 Bragantia, Campinas, Ahead of print, 2018 1 A. H. P. Valverde et al. INTRODUCTION of sugarcane genotypes to spittlebug under greenhouse and laboratory with controlled artificial spittlebug infestation Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) are widespread pests have been performed (Guimarães et al. 20075; Garcia et al. of sugarcane and pasture grasses in the Neotropics (Thompson 2011; Dinardo-Miranda et al. 2014; 2016). Despite differences 2004; Carvalho and Webb 2005; Cryan and Svenson 2010). In between sugarcane genotypes for resistance reported in these Brazil, three species of the genus Mahanarva have been reported studies, only a few genotypes were assessed, which provides a causing losses on sugarcane: Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål), slow progress in breeding for spittlebug resistance. Thus, the Mahanarva posticata (Stål) and Mahanarva indentata development of a fast, cheap and reliable method for screening (Walker). Of these, M. fimbriolata is considered the major sugarcane populations for resistance to spittlebug is desirable spittlebug species attacking sugarcane in Brazil due to its as it would allow screening large sugarcane populations distribution at the southeastern and northeastern regions, to spittlebug and then, only the promising genotypes for main sugarcane-producing areas of the country, and the spittlebug resistance would follow to field trials. severity of damage caused. This pest has become an important Cardona et al. (1999) developed a fast, cheap and reliable sugarcane pest since Brazil started to abolish crop burning as method to screen resistance of large populations of Brachiaria it used to reduce pest population either directly by killing the grasses to spittlebugs. This method consists in planting insects or indirectly by removing organic matter from the single-tiller plants of the genotypes in small growth units, field (Cheavegatti-Gianotto et al. 2011). where they are infested with a pre-determined number of The nymphs feed in the sieve-tube elements of the nymphs or adults. Then, after a determinate time, a damage root’s primary phloem, damaging the tracheary system and score and nymph or adult mortality are assessed. This consequently hindering water and nutrient flow (Garcia et al. methodology has been applied to screen resistance of several 2007a). The adults feed on the metaxylem sap of the vascular tropical grasses to multiple spittlebug species (Cardona et al. bundles of the leaves (Garcia et al. 2007a). The attack of 2004; Pabón et al. 2007; López et al. 2009). Therefore, the both nymphs and adults causes yellowing or drying of the purpose of the series of bioassays reported here was to adapt leaves, reduction in chlorophyll content and consequently the methodology used to screen resistance of Brachiaria the photosynthesis. In stalks, spittlebug attack reduces total grasses to spittlebug for screening sugarcane genotypes to soluble solids, sucrose content and increases reducing sugars, spittlebug M. fimbriolata. total phenolic compounds and juice acidity (Madaleno et al. 2008). Additionally, the industrial processes are affected, resulting in lower ethanol and sugar production (Ravaneli MATERIAL AND METHODS et al. 2006; 2011; Garcia et al. 2010). Plant and insect material and screening technique For an insect that potentiality could attack sugarcane plantations throughout millions of hectares in Brazil, resistant All tested host plants were obtained from the Germplasm cultivars may provide a useful component of integrated Unit of the Sugarcane Breeding Program from the Universidade management for this pest. However, development of host Federal de Viçosa (UFV), municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais plant resistance to spittlebug in sugarcane is still incipient. State, southeastern Brazil. For all experiments reported Based on field observations in the past, Pickles (1933; 1942) herein, vegetative propagation by stalk pieces was used to reported that some sugarcane genotypes are less susceptible produce host plants. SP81-3250 and H. Kawandang were used to the attack of spittlebugs than others. Some efforts have to determine optimum levels of infestation with nymphs. been developed aiming to detect differences of pest infestation Additionally, 74 sugarcane genotypes were screened for levels between sugarcane cultivars under field conditions resistance to spittlebug, including some controls with known (Dinardo-Miranda et al. 2001). reaction to spittlebug (Garcia et al. 2011; Guimarães et al. The notoriously erratic spatial and temporal distribution of 2007; Dinardo-Miranda et al. 2014). M. fimbriolata in naturally infested sugarcane plots (Dinardo- 5 Miranda et al. 2007) restricted the development of screening Guimarães, E. R., Mutton, M. A., Ferro, M., Silva, J., Mutton, M., Kalaki, D. and Madaleno, L. (2007). Evidence of sugarcane resistance against Mahanarva of resistant genotypes under field conditions. In order to fimbriolata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). In International Society of Sugarcane overcome this issue, previous studies to compare the resistance Technologists Congress, 26, p. 901-910. Durban, South African: ISSCT. 2 Bragantia, Campinas, Ahead of print, 2018 A new methodology for large-scale screening Spittlebug was mass-reared in a greenhouse following the susceptible and resistant genotypes while being logistically methodology described by Garcia et al. (2007b). Sugarcane feasible. We first carried out an experiment to determine an plants of the variety SP80-1816 were the susceptible substrate adequate days after infestation (DAI) and infestation level on which the mass rearing facility was maintained. Experiments (number of nymphs per plant) to compare the resistance of were conducted in a greenhouse (temperature: 20 – 27 °C; genotypes. The plants were prepared as previously described relative humidity: 70 – 90%; photoperiod 12:12 (L:D)) located and, at 45 days after planting, plants of both genotypes were at UFV headquarters. infested with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 newly-hatched nymphs per The screening technique was an adaptation of the plant. The nymphs were transferred to the plants by using method developed by Cardona et al. (1999) and widely a camel hair. employed to assess the resistance of tropical grasses to The damage caused by spittlebug nymphs was assessed by spittlebugs (Cardona et al. 2004; Pabón et al. 2007; López et al. using a damage score based on a 1-to-5 visual scale (1 = no 2009). Single-node sugarcane stem cuttings containing one detectable damage; 2, 3 and 4 = 25, 50 or 75% of foliar area lateral bud were germinated in plastics trays filled with of the plant yellow
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