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Blueschist Metamorphism Within the Bridge River Complex, Goldbridge, British Columbia

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Blueschist Metamorphism Within the Bridge River Complex, Goldbridge, British Columbia University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies Legacy Theses 1999 Blueschist metamorphism within the Bridge River complex, Goldbridge, British Columbia Hozjan, David J. Hozjan, D. J. (1999). Blueschist metamorphism within the Bridge River complex, Goldbridge, British Columbia (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/22073 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/25079 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca THE UNIVERSlTY OF CALGARY Blueschist Metamorphism within the Bridge River Complex, Goldbridge, British Columbia by David J. Hozjan (Hons. B-Sc.) A THESIS SUBMITIED TO THIE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE. DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS CALGARY, ALBERTA July 1999 'David J. Hozjan 1999 National Library Biblioth&que nationale 1+1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellington Ottawa ON K 1A ON4 OnawaON K1AON4 Canada Canada Your M. vow. nYhNnc. Our ti& Wero&~nCe The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive pennettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliotheque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, preter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette these sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/filrn, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format electronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriete du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protege cette these. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la these ni des ex-traits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. The Bridge River Terrane, within the Coast Belt of the Canadian Cordillera near Goldbridge, B.C. (50' 5lVN,122' 5OSW), hosts 5 fault-bounded, 230 Ma blocks of blueschist facies rocks. The characteristic lithology is a dark blue, fine-grained phyIlite to schist. Also present in the blocks are the massive to weakly foliated Bridge River greenstones, which contain lenses and foliae of blueschist minerals as well as relict igneous minerals and textures. These lenses and faliae reflect original protolith heterogeneities enhanced by metamorphic segregation. Protoliths for these rocks are inferred to be basaltic flows, volcanic tuffs, and possibly argillites with a significant tuffaceous component. Epidote blueschist and lawsonite blueschist assemblages occur in various parts of the study area possibly demonstrating variations in a~,oamong the blocks. Inferred P-T conditions are between 8 to 10 kbar at 250 to 300°C. These metamorphic conditions were attained in an accretion-subduction complex. iii First, I would like to extend my sincerest gratitude to Dr. E.D. Ghent for suggesting this research topic. He has been supportive and enthusiastic throughout the duration of the project. P.S. Simony generously assisted me with a detailed and conscientious review of my writing. A.A. Levinson has been a source of support and insight and broadened my view of geology. I am grateful to them both. I am no less indebted to Dr. J.W. Nicholls and M.Z. Stout for their assistance with rnicroprobe analysis and to Dr. R.J. Spencer for his help with the fluid inclusion study. Further thanks go out to G. Gibbs for his assistance in the field. I would also like to thank S. Resultay and M. Horvath for thin section preparation as well as M.E.Back. M. Raudsepp and F.J. Wicks for their analytical assistance. Several graduate students at the University of Calgary provided excellent forums for scientific discussion, friendship and necessary distractions throughout the course of my work. For this, I would like to thank C. Ardic, C. Augereau, C. Debuhr, P. McNeil, S. Rose, D. Thomas and B. Urlwin. I would also like to thank my family. Without their support and inspiration, I would not have been able to accomplish this study. Finally, I would like to acknowledge L. Connell for being a constant source of love and encouragement from the day we met through the completion of my thesis. APPROVALPAGE ................................................................................................................. II 1 .1 BLUESCHISTMETAMORPHISM ................................................................................. 1 1.2 BLUESCMSTOC-CESINTHECANADLALVCORD~................................. 2 1-3 PURPOSEAND SCOPE OF THIS STUDY ....................................................................... 5 1.4 LOCATIONAND ACCESS.......................................................................................... 5 2.1 REGIONALSETIWG ................................................................................................ 8 2.1.1 Lithologies ..................................................................................................... 11 2.1.2 Structural Setting ........................................................................................... 12 2.1.3 Metamorphism in the Bridge River Area ...................................................... 17 2.1.4 Paleotectonic Setting ..................................................................................... 18 3. FIELDRELATIONS ...................................................................................................... 20 3.1 INTRODUC~ON................................................................................................... 20 3.2 FELD UNITS AND STRUCTURALRELATIONSHIPS .................................................. 20 3.2.1 Unit I: Blueschist ........................................................................................... 24 3.2.2 Unit II: Blueschist + Greenstone ................................................................... 26 3.2.3 Unit Ilk Greenstone ....................................................................................... 27 3.2.4 Unit IV: Metachert ........................................................................................ 30 5.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 42 5.1.1 Petrography ................................................................................................. 42 5.1.2 Mineral Chemistry ........... ..... .................................................................. 43 5.2 MINERALOGY ANDTEXTURES .............................................................................. 45 5.2.1 Amphibole .................................................................................................... 45 5.2.2 Lawsonite ...................................................................................................... 55 5.2.3 Epidote ......................................................................................................... 61 5.2.4 Garnet ............................................................................................... ... ...64 5.2.5 Pyroxene ........................................................................................................ 70 5.2.6 White Mica .................................................................................................... 75 5.2.7 Chlorite......................................................................................................... 79 5.2.8 S tilpnomelane................................................................................................ 83 5.2.9 Feldspars ....................................................................................................... 86 5.2.10 Other Phases ................... ,.,, ........................................................................... 89 6.1 PROTOUTHS .......................................................................................................... 96 6 -2 B LIESCHIST --GREENSTONE RELATIONSHIP .......................................................... 98 6 -3 METAMORPHICCOND~ONS ............................................................................... 106 6.3.1 Calculation of Pressure-Temperature Conditions ....................................... 106 6.3.2 Fluids Accompanying Metamorphism ........................................................ 114 6.3.3 Constraints on the P-T path of the Bridge River Blueschists .............. .... 116 6.4 TECTOMCEVOLUTION ..................................................................................... 119 7. CONCLUSIONSAND SUGGESTIONSFOR ~THER WORK ....................................... 123 9.1 STANDARDSUSED IN ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS * ................................. 135 9.2 ELECI-RON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS OF MINERALS OF KNOWN COMPOSITION...... 136 9.3 DETECTION-S .............................................................................................. 137 9.4 PRECISION ........................................................................................................... 138 Figure 1- 1. Terrane map of the Canadian Cordillera
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