Appropriation Bill Appropriations and Commentary

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Appropriation Bill Appropriations and Commentary COOK ISLANDS GOVERNMENT BUDGET ESTIMATES 2014/2015 Book 1 Appropriation Bill Appropriations and Commentary Hon. Mark Brown Minister of Finance October 2014 Table of Contents 1 STATEMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY 1 2 APPROPRIATION BILL 2014/15 4 3 GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL STATISTICS OPERATING STATEMENT .............................. 10 3.1 GFS Net Operating Balance ..................................................................................... 10 3.2 GFS Operating Revenue ........................................................................................... 11 3.3 GFS Operating Expenditure ..................................................................................... 11 4 FISCAL UPDATE ...................................................................................................... 11 4.1 Overview .................................................................................................................. 11 4.2 Fiscal Responsibility Ratios ...................................................................................... 17 5 ECONOMIC UPDATE ............................................................................................... 23 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 23 5.2 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ................................................................................ 26 5.3 Consumer Price Index (CPI) ..................................................................................... 29 5.4 Tourism .................................................................................................................... 30 5.5 Marine Resources .................................................................................................... 37 5.6 Agriculture ............................................................................................................... 41 5.7 Goods Exports and Imports ..................................................................................... 42 5.8 Banking and Finance ................................................................................................ 46 5.9 Financial Services Industry ...................................................................................... 48 5.10 Sensitivity Analysis ................................................................................................... 49 5.11 Special report: Depopulation – Income and cost of living ...................................... 50 6 CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT (COFOG) ................................... 55 7 REVENUE ............................................................................................................... 58 7.1 Total Revenue .......................................................................................................... 58 7.2 Revenue Initiatives for 2014/15 .............................................................................. 61 7.3 Taxes ........................................................................................................................ 63 7.4 Social Contributions ................................................................................................. 66 7.5 Grants ...................................................................................................................... 67 7.6 Other Revenue ......................................................................................................... 67 8 EXPENDITURE ........................................................................................................ 73 8.1 Total Expenditure .................................................................................................... 73 8.2 New Expenditure Initiatives .................................................................................... 79 8.3 Savings in Expenditure ............................................................................................. 82 8.4 Ministerial Support Offices ...................................................................................... 83 i 8.5 Payments on Behalf of the Crown ........................................................................... 83 9 TAX EXPENDITURE ................................................................................................. 94 10 CROWN DEBT ........................................................................................................ 96 10.1 The Crown Loan Reserve Fund (LRF) ....................................................................... 96 10.2 Gross Debt owed by the Crown ............................................................................... 99 10.3 Net Debt ................................................................................................................ 104 10.4 Crown Debt Exchange Rate Sensitivity Analysis .................................................... 105 10.5 Future Borrowings and Fiscal Responsibility Ratios relating to Debt .................... 106 10.6 Other State Owned Enterprise Debt ..................................................................... 111 10.7 Net Worth .............................................................................................................. 112 10.8 Specific Financial Risks ........................................................................................... 113 11 CIIC AND STATE OWN ENTERPRISES....................................................................... 114 11.1 CIIC ......................................................................................................................... 114 11.2 Airport Authority ................................................................................................... 115 11.3 Bank of the Cook Islands ....................................................................................... 116 11.4 Ports Authority ...................................................................................................... 117 11.5 Te Aponga Uira ...................................................................................................... 118 12 PUBLIC SECTOR STAFFING ..................................................................................... 119 12.1 Public Service Departments, Crown and Statutory Agencies and Others ............. 119 12.2 Employee Data ...................................................................................................... 120 12.3 Remuneration ranges ............................................................................................ 122 13 COOK ISLANDS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUND ....................................................... 123 14 NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2011-2015 (NSDP) ......................... 125 15 PA ENUA............................................................................................................... 128 15.1 The Pa Enua Funding Model .................................................................................. 128 15.2 Other agency support targeting the Pa Enua ........................................................ 130 15.3 The Economics of the Pa Enua .............................................................................. 134 16 OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (ODA) BUDGET 2012/13 - 2015/16 ............... 139 16.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 139 16.2 Variances ............................................................................................................... 141 16.3 ODA Activity Detail ................................................................................................ 153 16.4 Airport Authority ................................................................................................... 154 16.5 Cook Islands Investment Corporation ................................................................... 154 16.6 Cook Islands Tourism Corporation ........................................................................ 155 16.7 Ministry of Agriculture .......................................................................................... 156 16.8 Ministry of Education ............................................................................................ 156 16.9 Ministry of Finance and Economic Management .................................................. 158 ii 16.10 Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration ..................................................... 163 16.11 Ministry of Health .............................................................................................. 163 16.12 Ministry of Internal Affairs ................................................................................ 164 16.13 Infrastructure Cook Islands ............................................................................... 166 16.14 National Environment Service ........................................................................... 166 16.15 Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) .................................................................. 169 16.16 Cook Island Police Service ................................................................................. 172 16.17 Office of the Public Service Commissioner ........................................................ 173 16.18 Seabed Minerals Authority ................................................................................ 176 17 STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES ................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Gonna Drink, Get Drunk a History and Ethnography of Alcohol in Rarotonga, Cook Islands
    Gonna Drink, Get Drunk A History and Ethnography of Alcohol in Rarotonga, Cook Islands. Vaughn Koops Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2002 Key Centre for Women’s Health in Society Department of Public Health The University of Melbourne DECLARATION This is to certify that (i) the thesis comprises only my original work towards the PhD (ii) due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material used, (iii) the thesis is less than 100,000 words in length, exclusive of tables, maps, bibliographies and appendices. …………………………………………………………………………. ii ABSTRACT This thesis describes the place of alcohol in the lives of people from Rarotonga, Cook Islands. It incorporates historical and ethnographic analyses to provide the broad context of drinking by people aged from their teens to late thirties. The historical component of this study describes specific accounts of alcohol consumption, and situates these with regard to changes that occurred in Rarotonga from the early 19th century. Prior to contact with Papa’a (Europeans), people of Rarotonga neither produced nor consumed alcoholic beverages. Thus, the use of alcohol was a phenomenon intimately bound up with global exploration, proselytisation and trade. I trace historical changes in the distribution of power, resources, religious practice, and social discourse, and show how alcohol practice, distribution, and trade was linked to these changes from missionary contact onward. This history informs the ethnography of contemporary drinking practices. Individual and group practices and understandings of alcohol are described. I also describe the contribution of state policy, commercial interests, government institutions, and religious organisations to the place of alcohol in Rarotonga.
    [Show full text]
  • Herald Issue 806 24 February 2016
    PB COOK ISLANDS HERALD24 Feb 2016 $2 (incl VAT) Congratulations to Woman of the Month, Mrs Lily Vainerere- Patia. Featured here wearing beautiful black Cakes for pearl jewellery all ocassions! from Goldmine Edgewater Cakes Enquiries call us on 25435 extn 7010 Always the best selection, best price & best service at Goldmine! POWERBALL RESULTS Drawn:18/2/16 Draw num: 1031 PB TATTSLOTTO RESULTS Drawn:20/2/16 Draw num: 3609 SUPP: OZLOTTO RESULTS Drawn: 23/2/16 Draw num: 1149 Next draw: SUPP: Cook islands Herald 24 February 2016 NEWS 2 POLITICAL ROUND UP Campaigning, coalitions, corruption investigations and taxes uring Prime Minister Henry Puna’s Demo leader William Smiley Heather Radio Cook Islands broadcast on to MP Teina Bishop read out to the DFriday 19 February he took the gathering much excitement was in the unusual stance of rebutting a Herald midst and the Deputy Mayor for the last article. Puna denied last week’s Herald ten years Poo Bishop was endorsed as report his six day $70,000 northern the Demo/OCI Mayoral candidate group tour of duty was a masked trip nominated by Demo stalwart Savage to campaign for the 10 March Island Lockington. Let’s hope this time Council elections. Leaving on Monday 29 the erratic Demos are synergised; February his entourage includes Minister last time around they fielded two Mark Brown, and the other three candidates splitting a huge margin Northern group Members of Parliament. and handing the Mayoralty to The cost includes the $45,000 Air John Baxter. Rarotonga charter, travelling expenses To cement the political bond and cash gifts.
    [Show full text]
  • FINANCIAL STATEMENT APPROPRIATION BILL 2010-11 SPEECH by the HON. WILKIE RASMUSSEN Parliament Sitting on Wednesday 11 August
    FINANCIAL STATEMENT APPROPRIATION BILL 2010-11 SPEECH BY THE HON. WILKIE RASMUSSEN Parliament Sitting on Wednesday 11th August 2010 Extract from Hansard – Proof Only ORDERS OF THE DAY Second reading of the Appropriation Bill 2010-11. I call upon the Minister of Finance Honourable Wilkie Rasmussen. HON W. RASMUSSEN: Kia Orana again to you Mr Speaker and all the staff members of this House. Kia Orana also to our Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Robert Wigmore, to all Ministers of the Crown, Kia Orana. Members in Government Kia Orana. To the Leader and Deputy of the Opposition the Honourable Tom Marsters and the Honourable Teina Bishop respectively and to your colleagues in the Opposition Kia Orana. Kia Orana to all of us in this Hon. House and I commend us for gathering together as we continue to look at the appropriation for the next financial year. Kia Orana also to all our people who are listening in to our deliberation this afternoon to the Ui Ariki, Ui Mataiapo, the Ui Rangatira and the Aronga Mana Kia Orana. To all our people both in the north and the southern groups and to all our people in Rarotonga I extend greetings to you in the love of our Lord. Mr Speaker, I move: That the Appropriation Bill for 2010-11 be read a Second time And in doing so Mr Speaker, I seek your indulgence to make a statement in relation to that Bill. But first of all I just wish to again commend and say thank you to all Members of this House for the cooperation and the understanding of the situation that we are currently in with regards to the need for the Supplementary and Validation Bill that we had just passed and I say thank you to all that supported that.
    [Show full text]
  • Herald Issue 730 13 August 2014
    PB COOK ISLANDS HERALD13 August 2014 $2 (incl VAT) Congratulations to Woman of the Month Puapii Taurarii pictured here Cakes for wearing a necklace all ocassions! from Goldmine Edgewater Cakes Enquiries call us on 25435 extn 7010 Sunset BarBQs at the Shipwreck Hut Saturday Seafood menu with Jake Numanga on the Ukulele 6pm Tuesday Sunset BBQ with Garth Young on Piano 6pm Thursday Sunset Cocktails with Rudy Aquino 5.30pm-7.30pm Reservations required 22 166 Aroa Beachside Inn, Betela Great Food, Great Entertainment Always the best selection, best price & best service at Goldmine! POWERBALL RESULTS Drawn: 7/8/14 Draw num: 951 PB TATTSLOTTO RESULTS Drawn:9/8/14 Draw num: 3449 NEED MORE HARD SUPP: DRIVE SPACE FOR ALL YOUR MOVIES? HERE’S YOUR CHANCE ALL EXTERNAL HARD DRIVES OZLOTTO RESULTS from as low as POWERED DESKTOP PORTABLES Drawn: 12/8/14 Draw num: 1069 Next draw: 500GB, 1TB & 2TB 2TB & 3TB SUPP: PORTABLE 500GB Special valid until 23rd Aug or while stock lasts Cook islands Herald 13 Agust 2014 News 2 Politicians need to spruce up Parliamentary performances s long as Cook Islands say, but a MP must know what standard performing MPs were to do. It is little wonder Henry politics is personality they mean instead of being never inspired to rise to the Puna is labelled a lazy PM Adriven the Parliamentary dependent on the sub standard occasion due to the equally preoccupied with lavish self performances of our Members advice of the Crown Law Office. juvenile performance of a indulgences and the worst of of Parliament will be woefully The third step is to know how novice Speaker of the House all PMs in 50 years of Cook pathetic and undeserving of to apply the documents of who over indulged her brand Islands self governance.
    [Show full text]
  • ADB Cook Islands: Handbook for ADB Missions
    Kia Orana , WelcomeCook to the HandbookIslands: for ADBHandbook Missions in the Cookfor Islands.ADB Missions This online booklet aims to provide you with information regarding our In-Country processes, Government contacts, protocols, resource availability and other general information which should be useful in planning your visit. These pages will provide you with the following information: • ADB Support Structure and Contact details • ADB In-country Mission clearance process • ADB Cook Islands Project List • Cook Island Government contacts, processes & protocol • ODA Policy, principles and goals • Information on the Cook Islands and its’ culture Visitor entry requirements: An entry permit is not required by persons who are entering the Cook Islands as bona-fide visitors. A bona-fide visitor refers to any person who enters the Cook Islands for recreation or vacation/holiday and is exempted from requiring an entry permit for a stay of not more than 31 days. It also applies to any person who enters the Cook Islands for the purpose of exploring investment opportunities. Those intending to attend business meetings, conferences, exhibitions and sports activities, including tournaments may also travel as bona-fide visitors. An extension beyond 31 days is however available only to those undertaking holiday or recreation. Once the in-country mission is approved by the Cook Islands Ministry of Finance and Economic Management through a “concurrence to missions clearance”, the ADB Support Office will notify Cook Islands Immigration of your pending arrival. Visitor Requirements All visitors must have adequate financial means of supporting their stay, hold valid tickets for their return journey to a port of origin or next port of destination and their passports valid for a period of at least six (6) months beyond the contemplated period of stay.
    [Show full text]
  • Cook Islands Elections 2014 in Brief
    Cook Islands Elections 2014 In Brief Contents Message from the Chief Electoral Officer ........................................................................ 3 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4 Electoral Process and Administration............................................................................... 4 Candidates and Political Parties ....................................................................................... 5 Registration and the Electoral Roll ................................................................................... 6 Election Methods .............................................................................................................. 8 Postal Voting ................................................................................................................ 8 Advance Voting ............................................................................................................ 8 Special Voting (Declaration) ........................................................................................ 8 Special Care .................................................................................................................. 8 Ordinary Voting ............................................................................................................ 8 Election Result .................................................................................................................. 9 Technological
    [Show full text]
  • FORTY-NINTH SESSION Hansard Report
    FORTY-NINTH SESSION Hansard Report 49th Session Third Meeting Volume 3 WEDNESDAY 10 APRIL 2019 MR DEPUTY SPEAKER took the Chair at 1.00 p.m OPENING PRAYER MR DEPUTY SPEAKER (T.TURA): Please be seated Honourable Members. Greetings to us all today. Thank you to the Reverend for our beautiful message today. Let this be a spiritual guide for us today and for the future. Kia Orana to all Honourable Members of Parliament, the Clerk and the staff of Parliamentary Services, Kia Orana. Warm greetings also to those in the Public Gallery and those listening on the radio, here on Rarotonga and the Pa Enua. Warmest greetings also to Madam Speaker and Papa Colin in New Zealand and also to the Member of Parliament for Akaoa, Nooroa Baker and your good wife Sue. May our good Lord take care of you and bring you back safely in our midst. Be strong and best wishes. MR DEPUTY SPEAKER’S ANNOUNCEMENTS Honourable Members, just a couple of announcements to the Members of this Honourable House. Number 1. I hope that all Members have taken advantage of the free eye check-up this afternoon offered by the Ministry of Health. Thank you to the Minister and the Secretary of Health for this initiative. Also, Honourable Members, I have been reminded by Hansard to inform you to read and endorse the Daily Hansard currently being circulated so this can be finalised before uploading on the website later today. Again, be reminded that you cannot add anything you didn’t say to the Hansard record.
    [Show full text]
  • Cook Islands
    PB COOK ISLANDS HERALD29 October 2014 $2 (incl VAT) Goldmine model, the beautiful Rereao is wearing a beautiful bracelet, ring, necklace and earrings from Cakes for Goldmine. all ocassions! Edgewater Cakes Enquiries call us on 25435 extn 7010 Sunset BarBQs at the Shipwreck Hut Saturday Seafood menu with Jake Numanga on the Ukulele 6pm Tuesday Sunset BBQ with Garth Young on Piano 6pm Thursday Sunset Cocktails with Rudy Aquino 5.30pm-7.30pm Reservations required 22 166 Aroa Beachside Inn, Betela Great Food, Great Entertainment Always the best selection, best price & best service at Goldmine! POWERBALL RESULTS Drawn: 23/10/14 Draw num: 962 PB TATTSLOTTO RESULTS Drawn: 25/10/14 Draw num: 3471 NEED MORE HARD SUPP: DRIVE SPACE FOR ALL RRP SALE PRICE YOUR MOVIES? HERE’S YOUR CHANCE ALL EXTERNALSAVE HARD DRIVES OZLOTTO RESULTS $20 from as low as POWERED DESKTOP PORTABLES SAMSUNG GT-E1205Y Drawn: 28/10/14 Draw num: 1080 Next draw: 500GB, 1TB & 2TB 2TB & 3TB SUPP: PORTABLE 500GB Original SamsungSpecial valid brand until mobile 23rd Aug - ornote while a stockcopy lasts Cook islands Herald 29 October 2014 news 2 Murdered multi millionaire had Cook Islands link Robert Ellis pictured with his wife, Noor Ellis, who police say masterminded the murder. ocals who learnt through hands and feet were bound. Ellis’ Indonesian wife Noor of children. the international media His wife, Julaikah Noor Aini, 45, 25 years is known to a circle of After leaving the Cook Islands, Lformer Cook Islands was arrested later that day and local friends as along with her Ellis lived in Australia for 15 years resident Robert Ellis was police say she masterminded the husband she has holidayed in the before heading to Indonesia murdered in Indonesia last week murder and paid her housemaid’s Cook Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Issues and Events, 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007
    Polynesia in Review: Issues and Events, 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007 Reviews of American Sämoa, Hawai‘i, clearly designed to counter the provi- Niue, Tokelau, Tonga, and Tuvalu are sions of New Zealand’s civil union not included in this issue. legislation (CIN, 19 July 2006, 1). Government also committed itself Cook Islands to a variety of programs including the The period under review was domi- development of geotourism through nated by an unprecedented call for an agreement signed by Tourism general elections, parliamentary con- Minister Wilkie Rasmussen and Sarah fl icts, and budget approval constraints Laskin, vice president of public and that at times tested the interpretation business development for National of the powers of the head of state. Geographic. The agreement obligated Ongoing out-migration of Cook the island country to adhere to four- Islanders, environmental problems, teen geotourism principles designed and continuing infl ation slipped under to sustain and enhance the geographic the radar as politicians pushed for character of a given place, including major salary increases and most Cook the environment, culture, aesthetics, Islanders struggled from paycheck and the well-being of its people. In to paycheck. The popular American return, National Geographic prom- television series Survivor, and some ised to produce maps and brochures sporting successes, provided some “which identify the unique features of respite, but an unpredictable tourist the Cook Islands” (CIN, 2 Aug, 2006, industry, technical personnel limita- 1). The Cook Islands becomes only tions, and occasional invasive diseases the fourth country to accede to the and insects reminded Cook Islanders charter.
    [Show full text]
  • Herald Issue 728 30 July 2014
    PB COOK ISLANDS HERALD30 July 2014 $2 (incl VAT) Goldmine model, Tutu, pictured here wearing a necklace and earrings from Goldmine Cakes for all ocassions! Edgewater Cakes Enquiries call us on 25435 extn 7010 Sunset BarBQs at the Shipwreck Hut Saturday Seafood menu with Jake Numanga on the Ukulele 6pm Tuesday Sunset BBQ with Garth Young on Piano 6pm Thursday Sunset Cocktails with Rudy Aquino 5.30pm-7.30pm Reservations required 22 166 Aroa Beachside Inn, Betela Great Food, Great Entertainment Always the best selection, best price & best service at Goldmine! POWERBALL RESULTS Drawn: 24/7/14 Draw num: 949 PB TATTSLOTTO RESULTS Drawn:26/7/14 Draw num: 3445 1.6GHz CPU - 512MB - 7” 800x480 5 Point Capacitive Screen SUPP: WiFi - 4GB Memory - Android 4.2 - Micro SD Card Slot Front & Rear Cameras - Includes FREE cover & screen protector OZLOTTO RESULTS Save $50 WAS Drawn: 29/7/14 Draw num: 1067 Next draw: NOW SUPP: Fits up to a 32GB Micro SD card Cook islands Herald 30 July 2014 News 2 2014 Te Maeva Nui Constitution Celebrations Opening address by the Prime Minister Hon. Henry Puna ia Orana special and unique relationship Chief Justice Tom we enjoy with New Zealand, KWeston the Acting have been driving factors in the Queen’s Representative accelerated levels of mobility Deputy Prime Minister and that we must contend with, the Ministers of the Cabinet today. To all the Members of the In 1965, our political leaders Government, Leader of the were so worried about the Opposition and members of Cook Islands being swamped by the Opposition, New Zealand incoming New Zealanders that High Commissioner, Joanna we asked for a non-reciprocal Kempkers and Members of the access arrangement – as New Diplomatic Corps, Kaumaiti and Zealand citizens.
    [Show full text]
  • Issues and Events, 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2003
    Polynesia in Review: Issues and Events, 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2003 Reviews of American Sämoa, French Police Commissioner Tepure Tapaitau Polynesia, Niue, Tokelau, Tonga, and in July 2002. Only seven votes sepa- Tuvalu are not included in this issue. rated the two as Rasmussen won with a total of 112 votes (CIN, 2 Jul 2002, Cook Islands 1). The period ended with the unex- The period under review was charac- pected death of Maria Heather, mem- terized by a worrying decline in popu- ber of Parliament for Ruaau, who died lation, regression in the ordinary suddenly in June 2003 after a short Cook Islander’s purchasing power, illness. This created the need for a lack of confidence in members of by-election only months before an Parliament and cabinet, continued expected general election. In between public pressure for political reform, the two by-elections, the controversy and a general deterioration in work over cabinet size and membership and leadership ethics. Land contro- persisted. By July 2002, government versies and government-created jobs was pushing for an extra minister for engrossed the attention of leaders, a cabinet, increasing the numbers to few of whom tended to abuse their seven (CIN, 13 Jul 2002, 1). Although status in order to advance family the government remained undeterred interests. Ironically, while foreign by the NZ$158,000 estimated cost for workers entered the country to take this move, there was resistance from up promised employment, the local the general public (CIN, 30 Oct population declined, primarily due 2002, 1). to lack of employment.
    [Show full text]
  • Herald Issue 753 11 February 2015
    PB COOK ISLANDS HERALD11 February 2015 $2 (incl VAT) Goldmine Model - Byron, wearing a pearl pendant, bracelet and ring from Goldmine Cakes for all ocassions! Edgewater Cakes Enquiries call us on 25435 extn 7010 Sunset BarBQs at the Shipwreck Hut Saturday Seafood menu with Jake Numanga on the Ukulele 6pm Tuesday Sunset BBQ with Garth Young on Piano 6pm Thursday Sunset Cocktails with Rudy Aquino 5.30pm-7.30pm Reservations required 22 166 Aroa Beachside Inn, Betela Great Food, Great Entertainment Always the best selection, best price & best service at Goldmine! POWERBALL RESULTS Drawn: 5/2/15 Draw num: 977 PB TATTSLOTTO RESULTS Drawn:7/2/15 Draw num: 3501 1.6GHz CPU - 512MB - 7” 800x480 5 Point Capacitive Screen Shock Proof Portable SUPP: WiFi - 4GB Memory - Android 4.2 - Micro SD Card Slot Hard Drives Front & Rear Cameras - Includes FREE cover & screen protector 500GB $138 OZLOTTO RESULTS Save $50 WAS Drawn: 10/2/15 Draw num: 1095 Next draw: 1TB $189 NOW SUPP: 2TB $309 Fits up to a 32GB Micro SD card Cook islands Herald 11 February 2015 Political COmmentary 2 Democratic Party destined for Political Purgatory nstead of leading the meetings infiltrated by sceptics Democratic Party victoriously have a power influence over Iinto the land of political promise highly educated and supposedly the autocratic Wilkie Rasmussen intelligent people. A recent lost his way in the light and led the convert, the former Chief Auditor faithful into political darkness with Paul Allsworth is a vigorous no idea how to redeem himself or exponent of the Bishop crow bar the Party.
    [Show full text]