The Fermentation of Pyruvate

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The Fermentation of Pyruvate ªReview: In the process of glycolysis, a net profit of two ATP was produced, two NAD+ were reduced to two NADH + H+, and glucose was split into two pyruvate molecules. ªWhen oxygen is not present, pyruvate will undergo a process called fermentation. In the process of fermentation the NADH + H+ from glycolysis will be recycled back to NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. In the process of glycolysis, NAD+ is reduced to form NADH + H+. If NAD+ is not present, glycolysis will not be able to continue. During aerobic respiration, the NADH formed in glycolysis will be oxidized to reform NAD+ for use in glycolysis again. When oxygen is not present or if an organism is not able to undergo aerobic respiration, pyruvate will undergo a process called fermentation. Fermentation does not require oxygen and is therefore anaerobic. Fermentation will replenish NAD+ from the NADH + H+ produced in glycolysis. One type of fermentation is alcohol fermentation. First, pyruvate is decarboxylated (CO2 leaves) to form acetaldehyde. Hydrogen atoms from NADH + H+ are then used to help convert acetaldehyde to ethanol. NAD+ results. Facultative anaerobes are organisms that can undergo fermentation when deprived of oxygen. Yeast is one example of a facultative anaerobe that will undergo alcohol fermentation. Some organisms, such as some bacteria, will undergo lactate fermentation. Two pyruvates are converted to two lactic acid molecules, which ionize to form lactate. In this process two NADH + H+ are converted to two NAD+. Our muscle cells can undergo this process when they are in oxygen debt. If enough oxygen is not present to undergo aerobic respiration, pyruvate will undergo lactic acid fermentation. www.thinkwell.com [email protected] Copyright © 2000, Thinkwell Corp., All Rights Reserved. 031500bio095.

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The Switch from Fermentation to Respiration in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Is Regulated by the Ert1 Transcriptional Activator/Repressor
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