Technology and City

Siddharth Pandit, Nanda Kishore and Rewa Marathe CIDCO Smart City Lab National Institute of Urban Affairs New Delhi 15/12/2015 Outline

• Brief History of ICT and e-Governance • Success Stories • National Smart City Mission • Role of ICT in National Smart City Mission • CIDCO Smart City Plan • ICT Interventions in CIDCO Smart City Plan • Challenges and Opportunities ICT INITIATIVES IN Landmark Policies 1. National Telecom Policy – 1994 – Universal provision of Telecom connectivity – Ensuring India's emergence as major manufacturing / export base of telecom equipment 2. New Telecommunication Policy – 1999 – Addresses the convergence of IT, media, telecom and consumer electronics – Identifies role of IT & Telecom in provision of good infrastructure, transparency and security of state 3. Information and Technology Act 2000 – Legal Validity of Electronic contracts – Legal recognition of digital signatures – Security procedures for electronic records – Penalties against cyber crime 4. JNNURM – 2005 – E-Governance Reforms at ULB Level 5. National e-Governance Plan – 2006 – 27 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) 6. Information Technology (Amendment) Act 2008 7. Government’s Dedicated Policy 2011 – Maharashtra State Wide Area Network (MSWAN) 8. National Information Technology Policy 2012 9. Digital India 2015 Landmark Policies

National Telecom Policy – 1994 • Universal provision of Telecom connectivity • Ensuring India's emergence as major manufacturing / export base of telecom equipment New Telecommunication Policy – 1999 • Addresses the convergence of IT, media, telecom and consumer electronics • Identifies role of IT & Telecom in provision of good infrastructure, transparency and security of state Information and Technology Act 2000 • Legal Validity of Electronic contracts • Legal recognition of digital signatures • Security procedures for electronic records • Penalties against cyber crime JNNURM – 2005 • E-Governance Reforms at ULB Level National e-Governance Plan – 2006 • 27 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) • Information Technology (Amendment) Act 2008 Maharashtra Government’s Dedicated Policy 2011 • Maharashtra State Wide Area Network (MSWAN) National Information Technology Policy 2012

Digital India 2015 NeGP Three Tier Structure

Common Service Centres (CSCs)

Common & Support Infrastructure

Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) NeGP Methodology

Line Ministries/Departments • Responsible for the implementation of the Mission Mode Projects (MMPs)/Components owned by them and work in a project mode within a tight, defined timeframe. State Governments • Responsible for implementing State Sector MMPs, under the overall guidance of respective Line Ministries in cases where Central Assistance is also required. DIT • Facilitates and acts as a catalyst for the implementation of NeGP • Provides technical assistance to various Ministries and State Governments. • Implements pilot/ infrastructure/ technical/ special projects and support components. DAR&PG • Responsible for Generic Process Re-engineering and Change Management, which are desired to be realized across all government departments. Planning Commission and Ministry of Finance • Allocates funds for NeGP through Plan and Non-plan budgetary provisions and lay down appropriate procedures in this regard. National e-Governance Plan Initiatives

Central State

Collaborative Integration Ten pillars of Digital India Programme

Broadband Highways

Universal Access to Mobile Connectivity

Public Internet Access Programme e-Governance: Reforming Government through Technology e-Kranti: Electronic delivery of services

Information for All

Electronics Manufacturing

IT for Jobs

Early Harvest Programmes Upgradation of Indian IT Computerized Management Land Records

• Reduction of Rs. 100 per service transaction • Number of trips to offices reduced by 1 from an average of 2.7 • Computerization reduced waiting time by 30% • Five out of ten states, there was a significant reduction in the proportion of transactions in which a bribe was paid

Impact of Land Record Computerization ICT INITIATIVES UNDER JNNURM IN INDIA Nashik Municipal Corporation (NMC)

• State Level Initiative Legal Framework: e-Governance Policy of Maharashtra, 2011 • ULB (NMC) Level Initiative 1. Property Tax Module 2. Accounting Module 3. Water Tax Module 4. Birth & Death Registration 5. Online Citizen Grievance and Redressal System 6. Tracking of Waste Collection Vehicles (through GPS) 7. Digitization of Records 8. Personnel Management System 9. Computerization and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Nashik Municipal Corporation (NMC)

• Direct Impact – – Ease in the day-to-day functions – Centralization of database – Reduction of load on each staff – Better monitoring resulted in increase in demand (tax) and collection (tax) • Indirect Impact – – Increase in accountability – Reduction in corruption – Evidence based decision making – Transparency – Simplified services such as online payments and issue of birth and death certificates Rajkot Municipal Corporation, Gujarat

• Reform under JNNURM • Development of Municipal e-Governance Design Document based on National Design Document and National Mission Mode Projects on e-Governance. • Implementation of all modules e-Governance modules as per NeGP guidelines

Components of E-Governance Reform Process

Administrative Reform Reform in Citizen Interface Mechanism

Recruitment of Computerization People’s Citizen’s Grievance City Civic Centers M-Governance Consultants of Municipal Work Participation Monitoring Rajkot Municipal Corporation, Gujarat

Six of the twelve modules implemented 1. Property tax system software that calculated charges – increase in augmentation in collection ratio of property tax 2. Customized In house software for accrual based double entry accounting – software integrated to other modules like property tax and payroll. 3. Building plan approval software – digitally signed building plan permission certificates were issued . The software automatically generates the queries based on the General Development Control Regulations 4. E-tendering – for all projects above 10 Lakhs 5. Online formats of various licenses available – Fee can be deposited at any civic centre. Online licenses are issued. Trade license data since 1973 computerized 6. Online birth and death certificates – use of various database for promoting social welfare schemes, e.g. birth data used to send out vaccination related SMSs to the citizen. Impact Areas

• Efficiency in city’s operations (city hall reinvented) • Transparency in governance • Improving infrastructure management (transportation planning) and service delivery • Efficiency of resource use – resource mapping • Mitigating climate change risk • Altering citizen role in urban problem solving • Digital Economy and Digital Master Plans • Shared Economies (car sharing, AirBnB, olx) Components

• Government systems – Policy and Regulatory Instruments – Transparency – Service Delivery Transparency • Communication – Mobiles Accountability – Web Services/Internet • Data Collection Efficiency – Citizens’ Participation – Real Time Information/Monitoring • Problem Solving – Mapping using GIS – Data Analysis NATIONAL SMART CITY PLAN National Smart City Mission

• Different from ‘top-down’ smart cities and ‘íncremental’ smart cities • Top down effort to build bottom-up stakeholder participation. • Incorporates both ICT for governance (North America) and ICT for infrastructure and resource management (Europe, Singapore etc). • Tripartite coalition between center, state and urban local body • Competitive, convergent and built on best practices from other previous and current missions Large Scale Infrastructure Development

Make in India Local job creation Digital Economies Digital Economies ICT for efficiency, policy reform, data gathering and problem solving Jawaharlal Nehru Housing for All National Solar Pradhan Mantri Mission Avas Yojana

Health and Sanitation National Smart City Mission CIDCO NAVI SOUTH SMART CITY PLAN CIDCO City and Industrial Development Corporation

I. CIDCO’s BACKGROUND • Designated in 1970 to build and to decongest Mumbai • Expertise in development of Brownfield & Greenfield cities • Planned and developed 7 nodes (towns) and handed over to NMMC • Planned and under development 7 nodes – CIDCO Navi Mumbai (South) , , , , , Pushpak, II. Major Economic Drivers with investment exceeding Rs 50000 Crores in the next 5 years: • Navi Mumbai International Airport – Rs 7000 Crore (Phase-I of Rs. 16000 Crore) • JNPT Expansion – Rs 8000 Crore • Affordable Housing – Rs 10700 Crore • NAINA Pilot Project – Rs 4000 Crore • National Highway Expansion – Rs 3000 Crore • CIDCO’s Railway & METRO Projects- Rs. 13060 Crore • CIDCO’s Infrastructure Development Projects - Rs. 7484.26 Crore • Total Investment : Rs. 53244.26 Crore • Projected Job Generation of 8.7 Lakhs III. Two Smart City Projects • CIDCO Navi Mumbai (South) - Brownfield • Pushpak Nagar - Greenfield Objective Areas

1. Smart Organization 2. Transparency and Ease of Business through E-Governance 3. Environmental Sustainability 4. Swachh Bharat 5. Quality of Life 6. Inclusive Planning 7. Provision of Basic Infrastructure 8. Transit Oriented Development 9. Port City 10. Financial Self Sustainability Projects

Sub Projects Smart City Projects 1 Smart Organisation 9 2 Transparency and Ease of Business through E-Governance 21 3 Environmental Sustainability 9 4 Swachh Bharat (New Technology for Waste Management) 7 5 Quality of Life (Gardens, Playgrounds, Security, Special Projects) 9 6 Inclusive Planning A - (GIA, Urban Renewal, PAP Training) 6 Sub Total 61 Basic Infrastructure, Transportation, Port City & Affordable Housing 6 Inclusive Planning B – (Affordable Housing) 1 7 Provision of Basic Infrastructure (Roads, Water Supply, Power) 15 8 Transit Oriented Development (TOD) (METRO, Railways) 10 9 CIDCO’s Port City Development (JNPTIA) 1 Sub Total 27 10 Financial self sustainability Sub Total 88 Nos. Brownfield & Greenfield Development CIDCO Navi Mumbai (South)

Brownfield Development - CIDCO Navi Mumbai (South) Kharghar 7 towns | Area –120 sq.km

Greenfield Development – Pushpak Nagar Kalamboli Area : 230 Ha | Project Cost : Rs. 941 Crores Kamothe Panvel

Ulwe Pushpak

Dronagari

Pushpak Nagar ICT driven Initiatives

1. Smart Organization – 4 projects for process re-engineering, document management, knowledge management and capacity building 2. Transparency and Ease of Business through E-Governance – 21 projects spanning citizen feedback, GIS mapping, efficiency in service delivery, online payments, encroachment detection, broadband and wifi infrastructure, corruption reporting, social media 3. Environmental Sustainability – Air Quality and Noise Quality Monitoring – Smart City Lighting – Water Leakage Prevention System 4. Swachh Bharat – Centralized Electronic Medical Records – Managing of Public Health Hotspots 5. Quality of Life – CCTV for Public Safety – Intelligent Traffic Management ICT driven Initiatives

Objective Areas Government Communication Real Time Data Problem using ICT Systems Mapping Solving Smart Organization Transparency and Ease of Business through E- Governance

Environmental Sustainability Swachh Bharat

Quality of Life ICT driven Initiatives ICT driven Initiatives ICT driven Initiatives ICT driven Initiatives Challenges and Opportunities

Paradigm shift in urban planning • Smart Cities is about smarter ways of imagining and developing cities. ICT is an enabler not the end. • Strategic not project based – convergence with other missions, risk management and mitigation (citizens, finance and land) • Data and evidence driven planning • Incremental through an area based approach rather than city wide regeneration. Allows for failure and regenerative learning • Challenges the cities to program for financing other than government transfers - through property tax, higher FSI development rights , public transportation value capture , city bonds. • Enables financial reform through intermediaries and institutional and governance reform through Special Purpose Vehicle Challenges and Opportunities

Development (planning, policy, finance) capacities within cities • To build communication channels with citizens through a participatory approach to planning • To build trust with citizens & business community through demonstration of quick replicable successes • To understand that smaller targeted interventions (ICT driven) on core infrastructure can deliver big gains - Real time bus passenger information systems - Bus signal prioritization • To understand public transportation and open spaces have to be part of core infrastructure while increasing FSI. • To apply multiple approaches to economic development – heritage, open spaces, affordable housing, adaptive reuse of assets, public transportation, digital economy etc. • To diffuse knowledge through out the organization by using the central handholding assistance during the process • For asset management, asset reuse and asset optimization as important as asset generation. Challenges and Opportunities

Inclusive Smart Cities • Widen inclusion to encompass women, children, senior citizens, physically challenged, migrants, informal livelihood workers, alternative gender, lower income households, single working women, environmentally vulnerable populations • Safeguard against ICT interventions that worsen inequality – making ICT applications mobile friendly and language independent. ICT for public transportation and NMT compared to smart parking. Increasing access to broadband infrastructure through various models. • 2-3% of total infrastructure spending, hence small investments can make big impact. • Bottom Up Smart City Planning – social entrepreneurs, social movements, citizen centric problem reporting and problem solving, sharing economy. • Top down Smart City Planning in Mazdar, Songdo results are uncertain. • While economic gap can’t be closed immediately, knowledge gap can be closed using ICT. • ICT is the most flexible and therefore the last step of solution. • Smart City Plans could include open data, digital literacy strategies GIS based Master Plans

• A centrally funded reform for Formulation of GIS based Master Plans in 500 AMRUT Cities • The timeline of completion of this reform is within 48 months from launch of mission • This reform is institutionalized by State Mission Directorate as the state nodal agency for implementing the scheme • This reform will facilitate the integration of all urban planning and city level plans • This reform will facilitate development of multi-layer GIS maps for decision- making by ULBs NIUA – CIDCO Smart City Lab

http://cidco- smartcity.niua.org/

[email protected] Siddharth Pandit