DOCSLIB.ORG

250 Million Years of Bindin Evolution

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
250 Million Years of Bindin Evolution Reference: Biol. Bull. 205: 8-15. (August 2003) © 2003 Marine Biological Laboratory 250 Million Years of Bindin Evolution KIRK S. ZIGLER^'2'* AND H. A. LESSIOS' ' Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panamá; and ^ Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Abstract. Bindin plays a central role in sperm-egg attach- level, often within species, sometimes within genera, but ment and fusion in sea urchins (echinoids). Previous studies rarely across an entire class. There are good reasons for this determined the DNA sequence of bindin in two orders of the focus: such studies are likely to uncover mutational changes class Echinoidea, representing 10% of all echinoid species. that are important in mate recognition and in speciation. We report sequences of mature bindin from five additional However, comparisons across broad taxonomic levels can genera, representing four new orders, including the distantly offer insights into the evolution of such molecules. They can related sand dollars, heart urchins, and pencil urchins. The reveal which features of these molecules are conserved (and six orders in which bindin is now known include 70% of all are thus essential for basic functions) and which features are echinoids, and indicate that bindin was present in the com- free to vary. For the parts that do vary, such comparisons mon ancestor of all extant sea urchins more than 250 million can determine common features of evolution. Most of all, years ago. Over this span of evolutionary time there has the comparisons can address the question of the universality been (1) remarkable conservation in the core region of of a particular molecule by asking how far back in evolution bindin, particularly in a stretch of 29 amino acids that has one needs to search to find the point at which a completely not changed at all; (2) conservation of a motif of basic different molecule has taken over the essential functions amino acids at the cleavage site between preprobindin and involved in gamete binding and fusion. mature bindin; (3) more than a twofold change in length of Echinoids (sea urchins, heart urchins, and sand dollars), mature bindin; and (4) emergence of high variation in the with their readily obtainable gametes, have long been model sequences outside the core, including the insertion of gly- organisms for fertilization studies. Because fertilization is cine-rich repeats in the bindins of some orders, but not external, the molecules involved in gamete recognition and others. fusion are associated exclusively with the gametes. Bio- chemical studies in sea urchins identified the first "gamete Introduction recognition protein," bindin (Vacquier and Moy, 1977). Various studies have shown that molecules involved in Bindin is the major insoluble component of the sperm reproduction (and particularly in gamete interactions) acrosomal vesicle and has been implicated in three molec- evolve rapidly, often under the influence of positive selec- ular interactions (Hofmann and Glabe, 1994). First, after the tion (reviewed in Swanson and Vacquier, 2002). Among acrosomal reaction, bindin self-associates, coating the acro- these proteins there are examples of both high (Metz and somal process. Second, it functions in sperm-egg attach- Palumbi, 1996) and low (Metz et ai, 1998b) levels of ment by binding to carbohydrates in the vitelline layer on intraspecific variation. In some cases a single molecule the egg surface. Third, it is involved in the fusion of sperm displays domains that are highly conserved and other do- and egg membranes (Ulrich et al, 1998, 1999). mains that are highly variable (Vacquier et al, 1995). Vari- Bindin is translated as a larger precursor, from which the ation in such proteins is usually studied at a low taxonomic N-terminal preprobindin portion is subsequently cleaved to produce mature bindin (Gao et al, 1986). The mature bindin molecule contains an amino acid core of about 55 residues Received 25 February 2003; accepted 3 June 2003. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Current address: Fri- that is highly conserved among all bindins characterized to day Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road, date (Vacquier et al, 1995). An 18 amino acid section of Friday Harbor, WA 98250. E-mail: [email protected] this conserved core (B18) has been shown to fuse lipid EVOLUTION OF BINDIN vesicles in vitro, suggesting that this region functions in differences in molecular size, amino acid sequence, and sperm-egg membrane fusion (Ulrich et ai, 1998, 1999). number of repeats. Thus far, bindin is known only from echinoids; no homol- ogous molecules have been identified in any other organism Materials and Methods (Vacquier, 1998). Samples To date, the nucleotide sequence of bindin has been determined in six genera of sea urchins. In Echinometra The pencil urchins (order Cidaroida) were represented in (Metz and Palumbi, 1996), Strongylocentrotus (Gao et al, our study by Eucidaris tribuloides, collected on the Atlantic 1986; Minor et al, 1991; Biermann, 1998; Debenham et al, coast of Panama; the order Diadematoida by Diadema an- 2000), and Heliocidaris (Zigler et al, 2003), there are many tillarum, also from the Atlantic coast of Panamá. The sand sequence rearrangements among individuals and species, dollars (order Clypeasteroida) were represented by Encope and indications of positive selection in regions on either side stokesii from the Pacific coast of Panamá; the heart urchins of the core. In Arbacia (Glabe and Clark, 1991; Metz et al, (order Spatangoida) by Moira clotho collected at the Perlas 1998a) and Tripneustes (Zigler and Lessios, 2003), there are Islands in the Bay of Panamá. Heliocidaris erythrogramma fewer sequence rearrangements and no evidence for positive (order Echinoida) was collected near Sydney, Australia. selection. In Lytechinus, only one sequence has been pub- lished (Minor et al, 1991), so the mode of evolution of the DNA isolation and sequencing molecule remains unknown. The five genera in which bindin was previously se- We injected various individuals of each species with 0.5 quenced belong to two echinoid orders, the Echinoida and M KCl until we encountered one that produced sperm. The testes of this ripe male were removed and used either the Arbacioida. These two orders contain only 10% of all directly for mRNA extraction, or after preservation in either extant echinoid species (Kier, 1977; Smith, 1984; Little- RNALater (Ambion Inc.) or in liquid nitrogen. The methods wood and Smith, 1995). The molecular structure of bindin for mRNA isolation, reverse transcription reactions, initial in the other 13 orders of the class Echinoida has not been polymerase chain reactions, 3' and 5' rapid amplification of studied. The only evidence that bindin is present outside the cDNA ends (RACE) reactions, and DNA sequencing were Echinoida and Arbacioida comes from Moy and Vacquier as described in Zigler and Lessios (2003), with the follow- (1979), who reported that an antibody to bindin of Strongy- ing modifications. (1) A fragment of the core region of locentrotus purpuratus reacted with sperm from one species bindin was amplified from the reverse transcriptase reac- of the order Phymosomatoida and two species of the order tion product or from genomic DNA, using primers Clypeasteroida. As Vacquier (1998) has pointed out, mole- MB1130+ (5'-TGCTSGGTGCSACSAAGATTGA-3') and cules that mediate fertilization•in contrast to those central either core200- (5'-TCYTCYTCYTCYTGCATIGC-3') or to other basic life processes•often differ between taxa. For corel57- (5'-CIGGRTCICCHATRTTIGC-3'). These prim- example, in the molluscan class Bivalvia, completely dif- ers correspond to amino acids VLGATKID, ANIGDP, and ferent proteins are involved in gamete recognition of oysters AMQEEEE, respectively (Vacquier et al, 1995). (2) When (Brandriff et al, 1978) and of mussels (Takagi et al, 1994). complete 5' mature bindin sequences were not obtained It is, therefore, not safe to assume without empirical evi- during the first round of 5' RACE, new primers were dence that bindin is present in all orders of echinoids, or that designed at the 5' end of the obtained sequence; then a it has the same general structure as in the taxa in which it second round of RACE amplification was conducted. (3) A has already been characterized. 5 ' preprobindin primer was designed based on a comparison As a first step in determining which orders of echinoids of preprobindin sequences of Moira clotho (this study) to possess bindin and, if they do, how its structure varies, we preprobindin sequences oi Arbacia (Glabe and Clark, 1991), cloned and sequenced mature bindin from five genera of sea Strongylocentrotus (Gao et al, 1986; Minor et al, 1991), and urchins, four of which belong to orders in which bindin was Lytechinus (Minor et al, 1991). This primer, prolSO (5'- previously unknown. We combined our data with those of AAGMGIKCL^GYSCIMGIAAGGG-3'), which corresponds previous studies of bindin in genera belonging to the orders to the conserved amino acids KR(A/S)S(A/P)RKG of the Echinoida and Arbacioida. The final data set includes bindin preprobindin, was used in combination with exact primers from 10 genera of sea urchins, pencil urchins, sand dollars, from the bindin core to amplify mature bindin sequences 5 ' and heart urchins, and the results indicate that the molecule of the core from Eucidaris tribuloides testis cDNA. (4) was present in the common ancestor of all extant echinoids Bindin sequences obtained from RACE were subsequently that diverged from each other over 250 million years ago. confirmed by amplification, cloning, and sequencing of full The core sequence has remained remarkably unchanged mature bindin sequences from testis cDNA. over this period of time, whereas the areas flanking the core Sequencing of both DNA strands was performed on have undergone substantial modification, resulting in great an ABI 377 automated sequencer, and sequences were 10 K. S. ZIGLER AND H. A. LESSIOS edited using Sequencher 4.1 (Gene Codes Corp.).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diets and Coexistence of the Sea Urchins Lytechinus Variegatus and Arbacia Punctulata (Echinodermata) Along the Central Florida Gulf Coast
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 295: 171–182, 2005 Published June 23 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Diets and coexistence of the sea urchins Lytechinus variegatus and Arbacia punctulata (Echinodermata) along the central Florida gulf coast Janessa Cobb, John M. Lawrence* Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA ABSTRACT: The basis for coexistence of similar species is fundamental in community ecology. One mechanism for coexistence is differentiation of diets. Lytechinus variegatus and Arbacia punctulata coexist in different microhabitats along the Florida gulf coast. Their great difference in morphology might affect their choice of microhabitats and diet. We analyzed diets of both species at 1 offshore and 1 nearshore site where both occurred in relatively equal numbers, an offshore site dominated by A. punctulata and an offshore site dominated by L. variegatus. Gut contents were analyzed to deter- mine the diet. A. punctulata prim. consumed sessile invertebrates except on dates when algal avail- ability was higher than normal. L. variegatus primarily consumed macroflora except on dates when macroflora was extremely limited. Electivity indices revealed no strong preferences for particular species of algae, although L. variegatus consumed many drift species. A. punctulata and L. variega- tus both fed in a random manner, although they avoided particular species of algae known to contain high concentrations of secondary metabolites. The diet of A. punctulata was correlated with algae only over rubble outcroppings at the offshore site with the highest biomass. Diets of offshore popula- tions were more similar to each other, regardless of the presence of conspecifics, than to those of populations at Caspersen Beach (nearshore site).
    [Show full text]
  • Asociación a Sustratos De Los Erizos Regulares (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) En La Laguna Arrecifal De Isla Verde, Veracruz, México
    Asociación a sustratos de los erizos regulares (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) en la laguna arrecifal de Isla Verde, Veracruz, México E.V. Celaya-Hernández, F.A. Solís-Marín, A. Laguarda-Figueras., A. de la L. Durán-González & T. Ruiz Rodríguez Laboratorio de Sistemática y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Post. 70-305, México D.F. 04510, México; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Recibido 15-VIII-2007. Corregido 06-V-2008. Aceptado 17-IX-2008. Abstract: Regular sea urchins substrate association (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) on Isla Verde lagoon reef, Veracruz, Mexico. The diversity, abundance, distribution and substrate association of the regular sea urchins found at the South part of Isla Verde lagoon reef, Veracruz, Mexico is presented. Four field sampling trips where made between October, 2000 and October, 2002. One sampling quadrant (23 716 m2) the more representative, where selected in the southwest zone of the lagoon reef, but other sampling sites where choose in order to cover the south part of the reef lagoon. The species found were: Eucidaris tribuloides tribuloides, Diadema antillarum, Centrostephanus longispinus rubicingulus, Echinometra lucunter lucunter, Echinometra viridis, Lytechinus variegatus and Tripneustes ventricosus. The relation analysis between the density of the echi- noids species found in the study area and the type of substrate was made using the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The substrates types considerate in the analysis where: coral-rocks, rocks, rocks-sand, and sand and Thalassia testudinum.
    [Show full text]
  • X-Ray Microct Study of Pyramids of the Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus
    Journal of Structural Biology Journal of Structural Biology 141 (2003) 9–21 www.elsevier.com/locate/yjsbi X-ray microCT study of pyramids of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus S.R. Stock,a,* S. Nagaraja,b J. Barss,c T. Dahl,c and A. Veisc a Institute for Bioengineering and Nanoscience in Advanced Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Tarry 16-717, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA b School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA c Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA Received 19 June 2002, and in revised form 23 September 2002 Abstract This paper reports results of a novel approach, X-ray microCT, for quantifying stereom structures applied to ossicles of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. MicroCT, a high resolution variant of medical CT (computed tomography), allows noninvasive mapping of microstructure in 3-D with spatial resolution approaching that of optical microscopy. An intact pyramid (two demi- pyramids, tooth epiphyses, and one tooth) was reconstructed with 17 lm isotropic voxels (volume elements); two individual demipyramids and a pair of epiphyses were studied with 9–13 lm isotropic voxels. The cross-sectional maps of a linear attenuation coefficient produced by the reconstruction algorithm showed that the structure of the ossicles was quite heterogeneous on the scale of tens to hundreds of micrometers. Variations in magnesium content and in minor elemental constitutents could not account for the observed heterogeneities. Spatial resolution was insufficient to resolve the individual elements of the stereom, but the observed values of the linear attenuation coefficient (for the 26 keV effective X-ray energy, a maximum of 7.4 cmÀ1 and a minimum of 2cmÀ1 away from obvious voids) could be interpreted in terms of fractions of voxels occupied by mineral (high magnesium calcite).
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Variation and Symbiotic Associations in Phenotypically Diverse Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus Intermedius
    DNA variation and symbiotic associations in phenotypically diverse sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius Evgeniy S. Balakirev*†‡, Vladimir A. Pavlyuchkov§, and Francisco J. Ayala*‡ *Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525; †Institute of Marine Biology, Vladivostok 690041, Russia; and §Pacific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-Centre), Vladivostok, 690600 Russia Contributed by Francisco J. Ayala, August 20, 2008 (sent for review May 9, 2008) Strongylocentrotus intermedius (A. Agassiz, 1863) is an economically spines of the U form are relatively short; the length, as a rule, does important sea urchin inhabiting the northwest Pacific region of Asia. not exceed one third of the radius of the testa. The spines of the G The northern Primorye (Sea of Japan) populations of S. intermedius form are longer, reaching and frequently exceeding two thirds of the consist of two sympatric morphological forms, ‘‘usual’’ (U) and ‘‘gray’’ testa radius. The testa is significantly thicker in the U form than in (G). The two forms are significantly different in morphology and the G form. The morphological differences between the U and G preferred bathymetric distribution, the G form prevailing in deeper- forms of S. intermedius are stable and easily recognizable (Fig. 1), water settlements. We have analyzed the genetic composition of the and they are systematically reported for the northern Primorye S. intermedius forms using the nucleotide sequences of the mitochon- coast region (V.A.P., unpublished data). drial gene encoding the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the Little is known about the population genetics of S. intermedius; nuclear gene encoding bindin to evaluate the possibility of cryptic the available data are limited to allozyme polymorphisms (4–6).
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Urchins As an Inspiration for Robotic Designs
    Sea urchins as an inspiration for robotic designs Article Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY) Open Access Stiefel, K. and Barrett, G. (2018) Sea urchins as an inspiration for robotic designs. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 6 (4). 112. ISSN 2077-1312 doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6040112 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/79763/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse6040112 Publisher: MDPI All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Review Sea Urchins as an Inspiration for Robotic Designs Klaus M. Stiefel 1,2,3 and Glyn A. Barrett 3,4,* 1 Neurolinx Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA; [email protected] 2 Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Dilliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines 3 People and the Sea, Malapascua, Daanbantayan, Cebu 6000, Philippines 4 School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UR, UK * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-(0)-118-378-8893 Received: 25 August 2018; Accepted: 4 October 2018; Published: 10 October 2018 Abstract: Neuromorphic engineering is the approach to intelligent machine design inspired by nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Practical Euthanasia Method for Common Sea Stars (Asterias Rubens) That Allows for High-Quality RNA Sampling
    animals Article Practical Euthanasia Method for Common Sea Stars (Asterias rubens) That Allows for High-Quality RNA Sampling Sarah J. Wahltinez 1 , Kevin J. Kroll 2, Elizabeth A. Nunamaker 3 , Nancy D. Denslow 2,4 and Nicole I. Stacy 1,* 1 Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; swahltinez@ufl.edu 2 Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; krollk@ufl.edu (K.J.K.); ndenslow@ufl.edu (N.D.D.) 3 Animal Care Services, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; nunamaker@ufl.edu 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA * Correspondence: stacyn@ufl.edu Simple Summary: Sea stars are iconic marine invertebrates and are important for maintaining the biodiversity in their ecosystems. As humans, we interact with sea stars when they are used as research animals or displayed at public or private aquaria. Molecular research requires fresh tissues that have thus far been considered to be of the best quality if collected without euthanasia. This is the first paper describing a method to euthanize sea stars that still allows for sampling of high-quality tissue that can be used for advanced research. Since it can be difficult to tell if an invertebrate has died, it is important to use a two-step method where the first step makes it non-responsive and Citation: Wahltinez, S.J.; Kroll, K.J.; the next step ensures it has died.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenomic Analyses of Echinoid Diversification Prompt a Re
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.19.453013; this version posted August 4, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Phylogenomic analyses of echinoid diversification prompt a re- 2 evaluation of their fossil record 3 Short title: Phylogeny and diversification of sea urchins 4 5 Nicolás Mongiardino Koch1,2*, Jeffrey R Thompson3,4, Avery S Hatch2, Marina F McCowin2, A 6 Frances Armstrong5, Simon E Coppard6, Felipe Aguilera7, Omri Bronstein8,9, Andreas Kroh10, Rich 7 Mooi5, Greg W Rouse2 8 9 1 Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven CT, USA. 2 Scripps Institution of 10 Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA. 3 Department of Earth Sciences, 11 Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD London, UK. 4 University College London Center for 12 Life’s Origins and Evolution, London, UK. 5 Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California 13 Academy of Sciences, San Francisco CA, USA. 6 Bader International Study Centre, Queen's University, 14 Herstmonceux Castle, East Sussex, UK. 7 Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de 15 Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. 8 School of Zoology, Faculty of Life 16 Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 9 Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel-Aviv, Israel. 10 17 Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria 18 * Corresponding author.
    [Show full text]
  • For Peer Review
    Page 1 of 40 Geological Journal Page 1 of 32 1 2 3 Neogene echinoids from the Cayman Islands, West Indies: regional 4 5 6 implications 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 11 STEPHEN K. DONOVAN *, BRIAN JONES and DAVID A. T. HARPER 12 13 14 15 1Department of Geology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands 16 17 2Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2E3 18 For Peer Review 19 3 20 Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 *Correspondence to: S. K. Donovan, Department of Geology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 49 50 Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands. 51 52 E-mail: [email protected] 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/gj Geological Journal Page 2 of 40 Page 2 of 32 1 2 3 The first fossil echinoids are recorded from the Cayman Islands. A regular echinoid, Arbacia? sp., the 4 5 spatangoids Brissus sp. cf. B. oblongus Wright and Schizaster sp. cf. S. americanus (Clark), and the 6 7 clypeasteroid Clypeaster sp. are from the Middle Miocene Cayman Formation. Test fragments of the 8 9 mellitid clypeasteroid, Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske), are from the Late Pleistocene Ironshore 10 11 Formation. Miocene echinoids are preserved as (mainly internal) moulds; hence, all species are left 12 13 14 in open nomenclature because of uncertainties regarding test architecture.
    [Show full text]
  • Arbacia Lixula (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) AphiaID: 124249 OURIÇO-NEGRO Animalia (Reino) > Echinodermata (Filo) > Echinozoa (Subfilo) > Echinoidea (Classe) > Euechinoidea (Subclasse) > Carinacea (Infraclasse) > Echinacea (Superordem) > Arbacioida (Ordem) > Arbaciidae (Familia) Vasco Ferreira Vasco Ferreira Estatuto de Conservação Sinónimos Arbacia aequituberculata (Blainville, 1825) Arbacia australis Lovén, 1887 Arbacia grandinosa (Valenciennes, 1846) Arbacia pustulosa (Leske, 1778) Cidaris pustulosa Leske, 1778 Echinocidaris (Agarites) loculatua (Blainville, 1825) Echinocidaris (Tetrapygus) aequituberculatus (Blainville, 1825) Echinocidaris (Tetrapygus) grandinosa (Valenciennes, 1846) 1 Echinocidaris (Tetrapygus) pustulosa (Leske, 1778) Echinocidaris aequituberculata (Blainville, 1825) Echinocidaris grandinosa (Valenciennes, 1846) Echinocidaris loculatua (Blainville, 1825) Echinocidaris pustulosa (Leske, 1778) Echinus aequituberculatus Blainville, 1825 Echinus equituberculatus Blainville, 1825 Echinus grandinosus Valenciennes, 1846 Echinus lixula Linnaeus, 1758 Echinus loculatus Blainville, 1825 Echinus neapolitanus Delle Chiaje, 1825 Echinus pustulosus (Leske, 1778) Referências additional source Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp. [details] basis of record Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Factors Explain the Covering Behaviour in the Green Sea Urchin, Strongylocentrotus Droebachiensis
    ARTICLE IN PRESS ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR, 2007, --, --e-- doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.11.008 Multiple factors explain the covering behaviour in the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis CLE´ MENT P. DUMONT*†,DAVIDDROLET*, ISABELLE DESCHEˆ NES* &JOHNH.HIMMELMAN* *De´partement de Biologie, Que´bec-Oce´an, Universite´ Laval yCEAZA, Departamento de Biologia Marina, Universidad Catolica del Norte (Received 26 March 2006; initial acceptance 29 August 2006; final acceptance 13 November 2006; published online ---; MS. number: A10403) Although numerous species of sea urchins often cover themselves with small rocks, shells and algal fragments, the function of this covering behaviour is poorly understood. Diving observations showed that the degree to which the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis covers itself in the field decreases with size. We performed laboratory experiments to examine how the sea urchin’s covering behaviour is affected by the presence of predators, sea urchin size, wave surge, contact with moving algae blades and sunlight. The presence of two common sea urchin predators did not influence the degree to which sea ur- chins covered themselves. Covering responses of sea urchins that were exposed to a strong wave surge and sweeping algal blades were significantly greater than those of individuals that were maintained under still water conditions. The degree to which sea urchins covered themselves in the laboratory also tended to decrease with increasing size. Juveniles showed stronger covering responses than adults, possibly because they are more vulnerable to dislodgement and predation. We found that UV light stimulated a covering response, whereas UV-filtered sunlight and darkness did not, although the response to UV light was much weaker than that to waves and algal movement.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Shelter, Conspecifics, and Threat of Predation on the Behavior of the Long-Spined Sea Urchin (Diadema Antillarum)
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Biological Sciences Faculty Publications Biological Sciences 11-2014 The nflueI nce of Shelter, Conspecifics, and Threat of Predation on the Behavior of the Long-Spined Sea Urchin (Diadema antillarum) Meredith D. Kintzing Old Dominion University Mark J. Butler IV Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_fac_pubs Part of the Marine Biology Commons Repository Citation Kintzing, Meredith D. and Butler, Mark J. IV, "The nflueI nce of Shelter, Conspecifics, and Threat of Predation on the Behavior of the Long-Spined Sea Urchin (Diadema antillarum)" (2014). Biological Sciences Faculty Publications. 4. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_fac_pubs/4 Original Publication Citation Kintzing, M.D., & Butler, M.J. (2014). The influence of shelter, conspecifics, and threat of predation on the behavior of the long-spined sea urchin (Diadema antillarum). Journal of Shellfish Research, 33(3), 781-785. doi: 10.2983/035.033.0312 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Influence of Shelter, Conspecifics, and Threat of Predation on the Behavior of the Long-Spined Sea Urchin (Diadema antillarum) Author(s): Meredith D. Kintzing and Mark J. Butler IV Source: Journal of Shellfish Research, 33(3):781-785. Published By: National Shellfisheries Association DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.033.0312 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2983/035.033.0312 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Urchins of the Genus Gracilechinus Fell & Pawson, 1966
    This article was downloaded by: [Kirill Minin] On: 02 October 2014, At: 07:19 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Marine Biology Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/smar20 Sea urchins of the genus Gracilechinus Fell & Pawson, 1966 from the Pacific Ocean: Morphology and evolutionary history Kirill V. Minina, Nikolay B. Petrovb & Irina P. Vladychenskayab a P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia b A. N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Published online: 29 Sep 2014. Click for updates To cite this article: Kirill V. Minin, Nikolay B. Petrov & Irina P. Vladychenskaya (2014): Sea urchins of the genus Gracilechinus Fell & Pawson, 1966 from the Pacific Ocean: Morphology and evolutionary history, Marine Biology Research, DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2014.928413 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2014.928413 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information.
    [Show full text]