TABLE OF CONTENTS

Korea - Land of the Morning Calm ...... 49 National Anthem of Korea ...... 50 Time Line ...... 51 & 52 Korean History ...... 53, 54 & 55 Korean Styles vs Other Styles ...... 56 - Taekwondo HQ in ...... 57 Taekwondowon - Muju ...... 58 Different Styles of Martial Arts ...... 59, 60 & 61 Taekwondo Kwans ...... 62 Ji-do Association ...... 63

HISTORY KOREA – LAND OF THE MORNING CALM

TIGER TRIVIA If a Korean and an American were born on the same day of the same year the Korean would be older.

How? In Korea, you are one when you are born. Everyone in the country ages one more year on the Chinese New Year. So you could have been born only a few months ago, but already be 2 years old! also use the moon calendar, so their actual "birth date" changes from year to year.

GEOGRAPHY north of the 38th parallel January are the coldest The Korean peninsula is between the two countries, months. Korea receives approximately 1,000 km in North and . some snow but usually little accumulation, with the north to south length, and Korea is a mountainous exception of the mountains. 216 km wide at its narrow- land (about 75%), especially The fall and spring seasons est point. It is geographical- in the north, formed mainly are the ideal seasons in ly separated from of very ancient Archean Korea. In the fall the tree Manchuria and Siberia to rock. While none of the covered mountains display the north by the Abrog and mountain peaks are very a spectacular view of leaves Duman rivers and the high, the ranges are steep, changing color. In the Paektu mountain range; abrupt, and stony, giving an spring, the mountains are from mainland to the impression of massiveness abundant with various west by the Yellow Sea; and grandeur that has shades of pink wild flowers. from the Japanese archipel- earned the nation the nick- ago to the east by the East name "Switzerland of Asia". FACTS Sea. The shortest distance • The population of Korea from Korea to Japan is 206 CLIMATE is 45 million. km, at the narrow southern The nation's climate is a Korean Strait. mild one between the • 12 million people live in continental and marine Korea, which in overall size the capital city of Seoul. types, but tending more is approximately equivalent toward the former. • Korea has four religions to Great Britain or the state of major importance - The hottest months are July of New York, lies between Buddhism, Confucianism, and August. Usually there is 33° 06' and 43° north Christianity and a monsoon season lasting a latitude, and between Shamanism. 124°11' and 131° 52' east few weeks during July, fol- longitude. The peninsula is lowed by hot temperatures • The unit of currency in divided roughly in half just in August. December and the Won (W). 49 NATIONAL ANTHEM OF KOREA

Donge hae mule gwa bake du san e ma roo go dal doe roke, ha nu nim e

Bo eu - ha sa eu lee na ra man seh. mu - gonge hwa sam - chun lee

hwa ruh gong - san dae han sa rom dae han - ooh ro gil e bo jun ha say.

50 TAEKWONDO A.D. TIME LINE 668-935 Sil-la Dynasty founded. At Kyong-ju, the ancient capital, two Buddhists images are inscribed on the Keum-kang Giant Tower at Sok-kur- A.D. A.D. 1909 A.D. 3-427 am in Pul-kuk-Sa 1147-1170 Painting on Temple, Japanese- ceiling of the portraying two Su-bak is believed occupied Korea Mu-yong Chong giants facing to have peaked banned practice (a royal tomb) each other in in popularity. of fighting Arts. 2334 B.C. shows men in Taekwondo This was during The Art survived Korea founded by Taekwondo fighting the reign of by going under- Holy Don-Goon. fighting positions. postures. King Ui-jong. ground.

37 B.C. A.D. 750 A.D. A.D. 935-1392 1392-1907 A.D. 1943 Korean peninsula At Sok Kul , , and Kor-yo Dynasty Yi Dynasty. consisted of three Temple, a small Kung-fu entered founded. The The textbook kingdoms; Sil-la, Buddhist cave the country and fighting Art that "Moo-yee Doe-boe Ko-gur-yo, and during the reign enjoyed wide- was once called Ton-gee" was Baek-je. of King Hye- spread but Tae Kyon was published by Gong (724-762), temporary renamed Su-bak. King Chong-jo. the statue of popularity. The book was Keum-gang Yuk- one of military sa, a famous war- strategy and rior, was erected combat methods. in a Taekwondo The methods of fighting stance. Su-bak were emphasized. During the latter half of this era, Su-bak began to decline due to lack of interest by the Royal Court. 51 TAEKWONDO TIME LINE

A.D. 1973 Dr. Un Yong Kim was elected pres- ident of the KTA. Feeling that the A.D. 1966 official center of Taekwondo A.D. 1954 General Choi, should be in A.D. 1945 founded the Korea, he dis- General Choi, A.D. 1961 International solved the ITF's Korea is liberated Hong Hi Taekwondo connection with from the organized the The KTA, Korean Federation. He the KTA and Japanese. Tae 29th Infantry on Taekwondo resigned as presi- renamed the Kyon and Su-bak Che-ju Island. Association, with dent of the KTA KTA the World resurface and This was the offi- General Choi as and moved the Taekwondo attempt cial training cen- its president, was ITF headquarters Federation unification. ter of Tae Kyon. founded. to Canada. (WTF).

A.D. 1955 A.D. 1952 A.D. 1962 A.D. 1967 TODAY - A conference of FUTURE A demonstration Many Korean The U.S. Kwan (Martial before President Martial Artists Taekwondo Today Arts) Masters Syng-man Phee were reunited Association was Taekwondo is from all styles of evolved into the with the KTA. founded (super- practiced by Korean Martial most significant This is due to seded in 1974 by more than 50 Arts assembled turning point for government the U.S. million students to organize their Korean Martial recognition of all Taekwondo in 154 countries Arts. The name Arts. Phee Black Belts Federation). around the "Tae-kwon-do" watched a 30 certified by KTA. world. In 2000, was chosen minute demon- Today we are Taekwondo because of its stration as was so members of the became a full- resemblance to impressed that USTU, United medal sport in Tae Kyon, and he ordered all States the Olympics in so provided soldiers to Taekwondo Sydney, continuity and receive training Union. Australia. tradition. in the Art. Hard style Tae-kwon-do and soft style Hap-ki-do were 52 separated. HISTORY of the Korean Three kingdoms then National Martial emerged. The Ko-gur-yo Art by a board of Kingdom (37 BC - 688 AD) instructors, histori- was located in southern ans and other Manchuria and northern prominent persons. Korea. The Baek-je Kingdom The name was offi- (18 BC - 600 AD) was cially adopted by located along the Han River the Republic of and in southwestern Korea. Korea in 1965. Sil-la, the smallest kingdom (57 BC - 936 AD) was located The history of in the south. eastern tip of Korea is very long the peninsula. Studies of and exciting as is fighting stances, skills and the history of formalized movements Taekwondo. closely resembling present The legendary stances and forms of soldier-king Taekwondo have been Don-goon forged prominent in archaeological the various tribes findings. Such findings into a unified include mural paintings on kingdom 23 the royal tombs from the Korean Martial Arts began centuries before the birth of Ko-gur-yo Dynasty, stone centuries before the birth of Christ. This kingdom was sculptures on pagodas in Christ and developed many founded centuries before temples produced during the kinds of weapons. Every the Roman Empire and at Sil-la Period, and documents weapon used in combat was the high point of Egyptian written in the Baek Je Dynasty. included as part of the sol- history. It can therefore be inferred dier's overall military train- that people in the three ing. In addition to those com- Don-goon's kingdom kingdoms practiced an art plex skills, the advantages reigned for more than very much like the one we and possibilities of the body's twelve centuries. study today. natural weapons were not overlooked. The skills of unarmed combat were also emphasized. In this manner a branch of military science based upon the natural weapons of fists, hands and feet was established. This mil- itary science was first known as Su-bak, and then, over cen- turies, called Kwon-bup and then Tae-Kyon. It was a vital part of the warrior's training. In 1955, the name Taekwondo was chosen as the new name Kyo-ru-gi Do in the Mu-yong Chong (Painting of the Competition in the Mu-yong 53 Tomb) Two warriors prepare to compete with each other. KOREAN MARTIAL ARTS HISTORY Sil-la, the smallest of Dynasty. It was practiced by the three kingdoms, both military personnel and was constantly under the general public. It was invasion by its two during this period that the larger, more powerful science was first technically northern and western organized and systematized neighbors. To offset by the leading Masters. these invasions, an Military officers and Masters elite officer corps was were invited by the Royal formed. This military, Family to present demon- educational and social strations and matches annu- organization of noble ally at the Royal Court. youths formed by YI DYNASTY Chin Heung, the 24th 1392 AD- 1910 AD King of Sil-la, was Confucianism replaced called the Hwa-rang- Buddhism as the religion doe. In addition to the under King Tae-jo during ordinary training in the Yi Dynasty. This change spear, bow, sword, strengthened the Chinese and hook, the corps Statue of Warrior "Keum- influence not only in official trained themselves by gang" in Sok Kur-am cave functions, but also in the in Kyung-ju. 7th Century private lives of the people. practicing mental and (Statue of the Deva King) physical discipline The ruling class strongly and various forms of empty These young warriors, many emphasized Chinese hand and foot fighting. To as young as 14 or 15 years classical study; therefore, harden their bodies, they old, became known and civil officers received higher climbed rugged mountains, respected for their courage respect than miliary officers swam the turbulent rivers in and skill in battles and socially, as well as politically. the coldest months, and attaining feats of valor. This As a result, people grew drove themselves unmerci- in turn led the Sil-la uninterested in the forms of fully to prepare for the task Kingdom to rise and unite. unarmed combat. of defending their home- From their victories, the The technical land. To guide themselves Korean peninsula was development of and give purpose to their united for the first time in Taekwon- knighthood, they incorporat- its history. do was ed a five-point code of KOR-YO DYNASTY hindered. conduct originated by a 935 AD - 1392 AD Although monk and scholar/philoso- The study of unarmed he did pher named Won Kwang, combat reached its peak of not reverse which states: popularity during the Kor-yo the trend, King •Be loyal to your King Chong-jo •Respect and obey your parents (1790) •Be honorable to your friends helped keep •Never retreat in battles the Korean •Avoid unnecessary violence Martial Arts alive. 54 Chong-joKOREANordered Deok MARTIAL Moo Lee Kwon Bup ARTS, etc. Many instruc-HISTORYunified form of Taekwondo to compile an official textbook tors wanted to return to the in the U.S. Taekwondo was an about Martial Arts. That vol- traditional Korean forms of official sport of the AAU ume, known as "Moo-yee Doe- unarmed combat. The Kyon, USA Junior Olympics for boe Ton-gee", described and the first conference to unify the first time in 1983. pictured the Korean Martial the doe-jahngs and standardize OLYMPIC TAEKWONDO Arts very clearly, and includ- instructor's methods was held Taekwondo was adopted ed a chapter on the forms of in 1946. It was unsuccessful, as a demonstration sport for unarmed combat. but attempts to unify the the 24th Summer Olympic The decline of the military different Martial Arts styles Games held in Seoul in 1988 still continued. Martial train- continued. and the 25th Summer ing and the armed forces were BIRTH OF THE Olympic Games held in neglected. As a result, the TAEKWONDO FEDERATION Barcelona in 1992. In 1996 Kwon Do remained merely a On May 28, 1973, the World the rules and regulations recreational activity for ordi- Taekwondo Federation (WTF) were revamped at the nary people. No organized was organized under the Kukkiwon by a committee instruction was available so leadership of Dr. Un Yong consisting of representatives the forms were handed down, Kim. The WTF was officially from different countries. from father to son and from established at Kook-gie-won Master Rondy represented teacher to pupil. with the participation of the the US. The 2000 Summer representatives of 35 nations. Olympics in Sydney, At that inaugural meeting, Dr. Australia featured Taekwon- Kim was elected President of do as a full medal sport. the WTF for a 4-year term. In spite of its short develop- TAEKWONDO IN THE U.S. ment period in the modern Taekwondo was first intro- international sports arena, duced in the U.S. in the mid- Taekwondo has experienced 1950's. From then until 1973, extraordinarily rapid growth. there was a broad diversity of This is attributable to its "Moo-yee Doe-boe Ton-gee" (Martial Arts man- teaching methodologies and numerous merits as a sport ual) of King Chong-jo's reign during Yi Dynasty. styles, which were brought and Art form and to the 20TH CENTURY from the six different major quality of leadership that In August, 1910, the Yi kwans (schools) of Taekwon- Dr. Kim, President of the WTF Dynasty was forcibly over- do in Korea. Along the path has supplied. Taekwondo has come by Japan. The Japanese of the unification movement reached its potential, it has no colonial government banned initiated in Korea under the equal in power, techniques, or not only cultural activities, leadership of Dr. Un Yong mental conditioning. but also team sports and Kim, instructors in the U.S. Martial Arts. In 1943, organized and made possible Master Rondy was at Japanese Karate was intro- the admission of Taekwondo the 2000 Sydney duced into Korea. It gained into the Amateur Athletic Olympics to witness Steven Lopez take popularity until Korea was Union of the United States of the Gold for USA liberated on August 15, 1945. America in 1974. From this Several leaders in Martial birth of the National AAU Arts opened doe-jahngs Taekwondo Union, all newly (Martial Arts schools) under established technical stan- various names, such as Kong dards, sanctioned by the WTF, Soo Do, Su Bak Do, Soo Do, were adopted into an official 55 KOREAN STYLES VS OTHER STYLES Many people will interchange techniques. Also, legs are groin. These are not the name Karate and eight times stronger than allowed in Taekwondo. Taekwondo. Some books even arms. b. Taekwondo is more refer to Taekwondo as Korean 3. The International organized worldwide. Karate. It is not unusual to Countries all over the see a school with a sign that Olympic Committee chose Taekwondo over world follow the WTF reads Karate when they are rules, therefore, competi- actually teaching Taekwondo. Karate for the following reasons. (Karate will be tors from all countries Even the search engines lists are able to compete all Martial Arts under the included as a demonstration sport in the Japan Olympics.) together without anyone generic heading of Karate. having to adapt to new Some Karate schools have a regulations and rules. sign that reads Taekwondo a. It is considered safer. because they want to be The competition target c. With the incredible thought of as Olympic Style. areas of Karate include Taekwondo kicking hand techniques to the face techniques, it is more KARATE vS TAEKWONDO and to the knees and of a spectator sport. Q. What is the difference between Karate and Taekwondo? A. They are very similar, to a person not study- ing Martial Arts, they probably look the same. 1. Karate is from Japan, Taekwondo is from Korea. 2. Karate uses more hand techniques, Taekwondo uses more kicking techniques. Each style has its ben- efits. In Karate, your feet remain planted on the ground more, so TIGER TIP you can't get knocked Your legs are 8 down easily. In times stronger than your arms. Taekwondo, you can You can walk around all day, use your legs for but stand on your longer reach, allowing hands and your arms tire quickly. you to stay farther away from your opponent. This opponent would not be able to reach you with upper body 56 KUKKIWON - TAEKWONDO HQ/SEOUL

Entrance gate to the Kukkiwon. Master Rondy’s first The Kook-gie-won, visit as part ot a US Team 1990 Taekwondo Headquarters, culture by is located atop the hillside showing the in Kang-nam District in history of Seoul, Korea. Taekwondo and various This building with a beauti- related materials ful original Korean-style to visitors roof was constructed in 1972 from around to house Taekwondo related the world. organizations and provide Taekwondo practitioners and contestants with modern facilities for train- Kukkiwon President 2016 ing and competing. Oh Hyun Deok Besides serving as an arena for Taekwondo training and competitions, the Kook-gie- won conducts promo- tion tests and issues certifi- cates to Taekwondo stu- dents of all member nation- al associations of the World Taekwondo Federation. The Memorial Museum which opened on November 30, 1991 made the Kook-gie-won the center of 57 http://tkdwon.kr/eng/ dwon/0005/ TAEKWONDO-WON/MUJU

Taekwondo-won Architect Kwang Bum Park and Master Rondy on the construction site, Muju, Korea 2012.

The Taekwondo-Won was Taekwondo-Won with its land- the USA and White Tiger to established to become a mark design. attend the Grand Opening Celebration in August of global hub for the education, The Arena was designed 2014. A tree was planted in training, and promotion of with the motif of , the Spirit level in her honor. Taekwondo, a Korean martial an iconic geometry that A plaque in the stadium art that combines combat symbolizes Korea and and a stadium seat were techniques with sports for the forms the center of the dedicated to her as well. 45 million practitioners all Korean flag. Three masses around the world. each symbolizing Inspired by the hierarchy of human, heaven, Taekwondo’s training from and earth inter- white-belt to black-belt, the twines at the arena linear site was divided into forming the Taeguk three zones; Body, Mind and geometry which can Spirit. The Body Zone would be easily recogniz- be the home to the able on the roof. Taekwondo Arena which is Master Rondy was the main facility of the invited to represent 58 DIFFERENT STYLES OF MARTIAL ARTS If you are looking for an This Japanese Martial Art circular motions, pressure activity designed to relies on redirecting and points, joint locks, joint improve cardiovascular controlling an attacker's manipulation, sweeps and fitness, increase strength force using unbalancing takedowns. But unlike and flexibility, reduce stress and joint-manipulating Aikido, also uses and provide important techniques. a variety of strikes and - ing techniques. Hapkido is self-defense skills, then CAPOEIRA ideal for those wanting to Martial Arts is for you. The Capoeira is a highly acro- learn only self-defense, it style or system you study batic, dance-like Brazilian requires more patience for doesn't matter much. Martial Art. It originated repetition, and there are Finding one that matches with slaves transported no tournaments or forms your needs and finding the from Africa to South to learn. right teacher are far more America during the seven- important. teenth century. Because their JIUJITSU On the surface, it's easy to hands were chained, slaves the soft/pliable method classify various fighting depended on their legs to This highly practical combat systems as either "hard" or defend themselves. system was developed in feudal Japan when "soft" style. Hard style ESCRIMA self-defense skills were of refers to straight line move- art of fencing paramount importance. This ments or a "kicking and Escrima is a Filipino style uses strikes coupled striking" art. Soft styles use Martial Art that centers with throwing and circular motions and is around the use of short techniques. considered a "grappling sticks, called bastons or and throwing" system. mutons, and other The following is by no weapons that are employed means a comprehensive list, individually or in pairs. but provides an introduc- tion to some of the funda- mental styles.

JUDO (YUDO) gentle, soft way The Olympic sport of Judo, which originated in Japan, teaches how to use leverage HAPKIDO to throw an opponent of way of the coordinated power any size. AIKIDO This Korean Martial Art is LUTE LIvRE the way of harmonious spirit similar to Aikido. It uses This is a form of Brazilian 59 DIFFERENT STYLES OF MARTIAL ARTS street fighting that has include the use of more than Kyudo is a Japanese become a Martial sport. It 30 armaments. The most martial discipline relies on striking more than popular among these are the whose students use a yumi grappling. Head butting, bo (long wood staff), (long bow) and ya (arrow). knee and elbow strikes are sai (three pronged metal As a Kyudo practitioner, staples of this sport. truncheon), tonfa the bulk of your training (wood-handled baton), would revolve around the KARATE nunchaku (small wood flail) spiritual aspect. empty hand and kama (sickle). Originating in seventeenth- century Okinawa, this Martial Art offers a balance of upper and lower body defensive techniques, coupled with cardio- vascular, strength and flexibility training.

KUNg FU/WINg CHUN skill or art MU TAU Wing Chun is a very unique This sport is a blend of and scientific form of Asian and ancient Greek martial art. Wing Chun is a Martial Arts. Practitioners style of Kung Fu that origi- wear loose-fitting athletic nates from China, the mar- clothing (like sweat pants), KENDO () tial art was later refined in boxing gloves and padded way of the sword Hong Kong by the late Ip headgear. Man. Wing Chun's specialty Kendo is a Japanese martial MUAY THAI is in close contact combat, sport based on ancient Thai Boxing or Kickboxing using quick punches and samurai sword skills called This full-contact sport kicks with a tight defense, Ken-Jitsu. Practitioners wear originated in Thailand and coordinated through agile protective armor called can offer a very intense stances and footwork for a bogu and attempt to workout, which will include quick advance. The effec- their partner with a bamboo skipping rope, kicking and tiveness of this fighting sword called a shinai. punching heavy bags, style is achieved by well KOBUDO shadow boxing and coordinated attacks with ancient martial way sparring with partners. simultaneous defense. The term Kobudo is used to Special emphasis is placed describe Okinawan KYUDO on using the knees, shins weapons disciplines that way of archer and elbows. 60 DIFFERENT STYLES OF MARTIAL ARTS SAMBO defensive movements. As a This is a Russian martial student of this Martial Art, sport based on Mongolian you will practice techniques Sumo-type wrestling. very slowly. For this reason, Practitioners wear heavy it is an ideal choice for Judo-like jackets, as well people seeking a low- as knee pads for protection impact activity and a way and shoes to provide to reduce stress. better traction. vALE TUDO SILAT This grappling sport was to fend off originally a Brazilian form Hailing from Indonesia and of street fighting. Malaysia, this mysterious Practitioners wear street and exotic combative clothes and are bare- system was developed by chested when competing. a peasant woman. Silat's basics include striking, kick- Taekwondo promotes good The Masters at White Tiger ing and evasive movement. cardio-vascular fitness, flexi- are skilled in many of the Students learn to take oppo- bility and strength develop- Martial Arts. Unless you plan nents to the ground by grab- ment. It is an Art directed to dedicate your life and bing their legs or entwining toward the moral develop- career to pursuing Martial their limbs around their ment of its practitioners. Due Arts, you may want to focus opponents'. to Olympic considerations, on one style at a time. Taekwondo employs safety SUMO The main styles offered at rules, and has become united Sumo is a Japanese Martial White Tiger are Taekwondo, world wide and more struc- Art. Hundreds of years ago, it Hapkido and Kung Fu. The tured for its participants. was regarded as a combative Masters have selected these Taekwondo is ideal for adults art, but its image has since styles because they offer and is the most recommend- changed drastically. Sumo is students the widest range ed art for children. characterized by the huge of skills. There are a variety size of its practitioners and CHUAN of other classes offered at the diaper-like garment worn. grand ultimate fist different times, along with Korea has a similar style An ancient Taoist combative special guest instructors, called Surium. system, Tai Chi Chuan is workshops and seminars to TAEKWONDO based on circular, flowing supplement your training. foot, hand, path or way of discipline Students of this Korean Martial Art rely on hand strikes and kicks, with an emphasis on the latter. Taekwondo was originally intended as a form of self-defense. It has gained popularity as a sport since its acceptance into the Olympics. 61 TAEKWONDO KWANS

DISPLAY FROM THE TAEKWONDOWON MUSEUM IN MUJU KOREA • Blue Wave School (youthful vigor) • Pine Tree Schoo (green and long-lived) • School of Martial Virtue • CHANg MOO KWAN School for Martial Arts Development • JI DO KWAN School for Wisdom's Way • HAN MOO KWAN Korean Military School • OH DO KWAN School of My Way • KANg DUK KWAN The House of Generous Teaching • JUNg DO KWAN School of the Righteous Way 62 JI DO KWAN ASSOCIATION Practitioners of Ji Do Kwan Ji were encouraged to live the Do philosophy upon which the Kwan art was built, and to spread was throughout the continents one of of the world, the spirit of the major Ji Do Kwan. Taekwondo associations All Ji Do Kwan members which was recognized by adhered to the following the World Taekwondo creeds, manners and pledge. Association (now the WTF). Today, there is really no The symbol for the Ji Do distinction between the Kwan Association is the "kwans". All styles have been shape of a flower and a fig- united under the organiza- ure 8 within a circle. The tion of Kook-gie-won. Ji Do flower, a water lily, signifies Master Rondy is a 1st generation Kwan is still practiced by a student of GM Tiger Chung peace, life, health, honor, few of the older Grand service and luck; the circle Masters. Most of these represents love, novelty and Masters had left Korea happiness. The figure 8 rep- SPIRIT OF before Kook-gie-won was resents a roly-poly, always established. THE EIgHT undefeatable. The creed, pledge and The spirit of Ji Do Kwan MANNERS OF manners are still used at means getting up eight White Tiger today. SOLEMNITY times when you have fallen seven times. It means to Grandmaster Ho Yung View Rightly always stand upright in all Chung, “Tiger Chung” is tribulations and never give the head of the Ji Do Kwan Feel Rightly in to failure. association for the US. Think Rightly CREED OF Speak Rightly JI DO KWAN Order Rightly Taekwondo for Myself Contribute Rightly Taekwondo for Ji Do Kwan Have Ability Taekwondo for my Country Conduct Rightly

PLEDgE OF THE MEMBER I will observe the rule and absolutely obey the order of Ji Do Kwan. I will attain the physical and mental discipline in the spirit of Ji Do Kwan. I will devote myself to the creation of new tradition and achievement of Ji Do Kwan. 63