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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Korea - Land of the Morning Calm . .49 National Anthem of Korea . .50 Taekwondo Time Line . .51 & 52 Korean Martial Arts History . .53, 54 & 55 Korean Styles vs Other Styles . .56 Kukkiwon - Taekwondo HQ in Seoul . .57 Taekwondowon - Muju . .58 Different Styles of Martial Arts . .59, 60 & 61 Taekwondo Kwans . .62 Ji-do Kwan Association . .63 HISTORY KOREA – LAND OF THE MORNING CALM TIGER TRIVIA If a Korean and an American were born on the same day of the same year the Korean would be older. How? In Korea, you are one when you are born. Everyone in the country ages one more year on the Chinese New Year. So you could have been born only a few months ago, but already be 2 years old! Koreans also use the moon calendar, so their actual "birth date" changes from year to year. GEOGRAPHY north of the 38th parallel January are the coldest The Korean peninsula is between the two countries, months. Korea receives approximately 1,000 km in North and South Korea. some snow but usually little accumulation, with the north to south length, and Korea is a mountainous exception of the mountains. 216 km wide at its narrow- land (about 75%), especially The fall and spring seasons est point. It is geographical- in the north, formed mainly are the ideal seasons in ly separated from of very ancient Archean Korea. In the fall the tree Manchuria and Siberia to rock. While none of the covered mountains display the north by the Abrog and mountain peaks are very a spectacular view of leaves Duman rivers and the high, the ranges are steep, changing color. In the Paektu mountain range; abrupt, and stony, giving an spring, the mountains are from mainland China to the impression of massiveness abundant with various west by the Yellow Sea; and grandeur that has shades of pink wild flowers. from the Japanese archipel- earned the nation the nick- ago to the east by the East name "Switzerland of Asia". FACTS Sea. The shortest distance • The population of Korea from Korea to Japan is 206 CLIMATE is 45 million. km, at the narrow southern The nation's climate is a Korean Strait. mild one between the • 12 million people live in continental and marine Korea, which in overall size the capital city of Seoul. types, but tending more is approximately equivalent toward the former. • Korea has four religions to Great Britain or the state of major importance - The hottest months are July of New York, lies between Buddhism, Confucianism, and August. Usually there is 33° 06' and 43° north Christianity and a monsoon season lasting a latitude, and between Shamanism. 124°11' and 131° 52' east few weeks during July, fol- longitude. The peninsula is lowed by hot temperatures • The unit of currency in divided roughly in half just in August. December and the Won (W). 49 NATIONAL ANTHEM OF KOREA Donge hae mule gwa bake du san e ma roo go dal doe roke, ha nu nim e Bo eu - ha sa eu lee na ra man seh. mu - gonge hwa sam - chun lee hwa ruh gong - san dae han sa rom dae han - ooh ro gil e bo jun ha say. 50 TAEKWONDO A.D. TIME LINE 668-935 Sil-la Dynasty founded. At Kyong-ju, the ancient capital, two Buddhists images are inscribed on the Keum-kang Giant Tower at Sok-kur- A.D. A.D. 1909 A.D. 3-427 am in Pul-kuk-Sa 1147-1170 Painting on Temple, Japanese- ceiling of the portraying two Su-bak is believed occupied Korea Mu-yong Chong giants facing to have peaked banned practice (a royal tomb) each other in in popularity. of fighting Arts. 2334 B.C. shows men in Taekwondo This was during The Art survived Korea founded by Taekwondo fighting the reign of by going under- Holy Don-Goon. fighting positions. postures. King Ui-jong. ground. 37 B.C. A.D. 750 A.D. A.D. 935-1392 1392-1907 A.D. 1943 Korean peninsula At Sok Kul Judo, Karate, and Kor-yo Dynasty Yi Dynasty. consisted of three Temple, a small Kung-fu entered founded. The The textbook kingdoms; Sil-la, Buddhist cave the country and fighting Art that "Moo-yee Doe-boe Ko-gur-yo, and during the reign enjoyed wide- was once called Ton-gee" was Baek-je. of King Hye- spread but Tae Kyon was published by Gong (724-762), temporary renamed Su-bak. King Chong-jo. the statue of popularity. The book was Keum-gang Yuk- one of military sa, a famous war- strategy and rior, was erected combat methods. in a Taekwondo The methods of fighting stance. Su-bak were emphasized. During the latter half of this era, Su-bak began to decline due to lack of interest by the Royal Court. 51 TAEKWONDO TIME LINE A.D. 1973 Dr. Un Yong Kim was elected pres- ident of the KTA. Feeling that the A.D. 1966 official center of Taekwondo A.D. 1954 General Choi, should be in A.D. 1945 founded the Korea, he dis- General Choi, A.D. 1961 International solved the ITF's Korea is liberated Hong Hi Taekwondo connection with from the organized the The KTA, Korean Federation. He the KTA and Japanese. Tae 29th Infantry on Taekwondo resigned as presi- renamed the Kyon and Su-bak Che-ju Island. Association, with dent of the KTA KTA the World resurface and This was the offi- General Choi as and moved the Taekwondo attempt cial training cen- its president, was ITF headquarters Federation unification. ter of Tae Kyon. founded. to Canada. (WTF). A.D. 1955 A.D. 1952 A.D. 1962 A.D. 1967 TODAY - A conference of FUTURE A demonstration Many Korean The U.S. Kwan (Martial before President Martial Artists Taekwondo Today Arts) Masters Syng-man Phee were reunited Association was Taekwondo is from all styles of evolved into the with the KTA. founded (super- practiced by Korean Martial most significant This is due to seded in 1974 by more than 50 Arts assembled turning point for government the U.S. million students to organize their Korean Martial recognition of all Taekwondo in 154 countries Arts. The name Arts. Phee Black Belts Federation). around the "Tae-kwon-do" watched a 30 certified by KTA. world. In 2000, was chosen minute demon- Today we are Taekwondo because of its stration as was so members of the became a full- resemblance to impressed that USTU, United medal sport in Tae Kyon, and he ordered all States the Olympics in so provided soldiers to Taekwondo Sydney, continuity and receive training Union. Australia. tradition. in the Art. Hard style Tae-kwon-do and soft style Hap-ki-do were 52 separated. KOREAN MARTIAL ARTS HISTORY of the Korean Three kingdoms then National Martial emerged. The Ko-gur-yo Art by a board of Kingdom (37 BC - 688 AD) instructors, histori- was located in southern ans and other Manchuria and northern prominent persons. Korea. The Baek-je Kingdom The name was offi- (18 BC - 600 AD) was cially adopted by located along the Han River the Republic of and in southwestern Korea. Korea in 1965. Sil-la, the smallest kingdom (57 BC - 936 AD) was located The history of in the south. eastern tip of Korea is very long the peninsula. Studies of and exciting as is fighting stances, skills and the history of formalized movements Taekwondo. closely resembling present The legendary stances and forms of soldier-king Taekwondo have been Don-goon forged prominent in archaeological the various tribes findings. Such findings into a unified include mural paintings on kingdom 23 the royal tombs from the Korean Martial Arts began centuries before the birth of Ko-gur-yo Dynasty, stone centuries before the birth of Christ. This kingdom was sculptures on pagodas in Christ and developed many founded centuries before temples produced during the kinds of weapons. Every the Roman Empire and at Sil-la Period, and documents weapon used in combat was the high point of Egyptian written in the Baek Je Dynasty. included as part of the sol- history. It can therefore be inferred dier's overall military train- that people in the three ing. In addition to those com- Don-goon's kingdom kingdoms practiced an art plex skills, the advantages reigned for more than very much like the one we and possibilities of the body's twelve centuries. study today. natural weapons were not overlooked. The skills of unarmed combat were also emphasized. In this manner a branch of military science based upon the natural weapons of fists, hands and feet was established. This mil- itary science was first known as Su-bak, and then, over cen- turies, called Kwon-bup and then Tae-Kyon. It was a vital part of the warrior's training. In 1955, the name Taekwondo was chosen as the new name Kyo-ru-gi Do in the Mu-yong Chong (Painting of the Competition in the Mu-yong 53 Tomb) Two warriors prepare to compete with each other. KOREAN MARTIAL ARTS HISTORY Sil-la, the smallest of Dynasty. It was practiced by the three kingdoms, both military personnel and was constantly under the general public. It was invasion by its two during this period that the larger, more powerful science was first technically northern and western organized and systematized neighbors. To offset by the leading Masters. these invasions, an Military officers and Masters elite officer corps was were invited by the Royal formed. This military, Family to present demon- educational and social strations and matches annu- organization of noble ally at the Royal Court.
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