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Length-Weight Relationships and State of Well-Being of Parachanna

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Length-Weight Relationships and State of Well-Being of Parachanna Aquacu nd ltu a r e s e J i o r u e r h n s a i l F Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal Olanrewaju et al., Fish Aqua J 2017, 8:3 ISSN: 2150-3508 DOI: 10.4172/2150-3508.1000221 Research Article Open Access Length-weight Relationships and State of Well-being of Parachanna obscura Gunther1861, in Eleyele Reservoir, Southwestern Nigeria Olanrewaju AN1*, Ajani EK2, Kareem OKK2 and Orisasona O2 1Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, P.M.B 1060, Maiduguri, Nigeria 2Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Nigeria 3Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria *Corresponding author: Olanrewaju AN, Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, P.M.B 1060, Maiduguri, Nigeria, Tel: +234 803 3604468; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: July 19, 2017; Accepted date: September 05, 2017; Published date: September 11, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Olanrewaju AN, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract The knowledge of length-weight relationship parameters has numerous practical applications in fishery research and management. However, there is currently dearth of information on the growth pattern and state of well-being of Parachanna obscura in Eleyele Reservoir. This study therefore investigates the allometry and condition factor of P. obscura inhabiting the Eleyele Reservoir, Southwestern Nigeria. 688 specimens of P. obscura were collected from artisanal fishers’ at their landing sites on a bimonthly basis for 24 months. Standard Length (SL, cm), and Body Weight (BW, g) were measured. Length-Weight Relationships (b>3 or <3-allometric; b=3-isometric), and condition factor (K) were calculated using standard formula. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. The SL and BW of P. obscura ranged from 10.6 to 39.2 and 15.3 to 830.5 respectively. The LWR were 3.04 (male) and 2.99 (female) indicating positive allometric pattern of growth in male and negative allometric growth in female. The growth coefficient b ranged between 2.877 in July and 3.348 in May, with very significant coefficient of determination r2 for all the months. Variations recorded in the b value of different size groups showed positive allometric growth in 10.1 cm -15.0 cm, 15.1 cm -20.0 cm and 20.1 cm -25.0 cm, but negative allometric growth in 25.1 cm -30.0 cm and 30.1 cm -40.0 cm. The maximum (1.54 ± 0.12) K was noticed during March 2016 and the minimum (1.30 ± 0.7) K in September 2015. Significant variation occurred in K with size groups. The mean K value in females (1.43 ± 0.21 and 1.44 ± 0.20) was higher than males (1.40 ± 0.18 and 1.42 ± 0.17) for 2014-2015 and 2015-2016, respectively. The results indicated that P. obscura were thriving very well in Eleyele Reservoir. Keywords Eleyele reservoir; Parachanna obscura; Allometric growth life and growth parameters of the individual species is crucial for management of this freshwater fish. The length-weight relationship Introduction and condition factor of fish has got significant role in fishery management. This relationships can be used in estimating the average Parachanna obscura, commonly known as African snakehead is a weight at a given length group [11] and in estimating the health status freshwater species belongs to the family Channidae and order of the fish population [12]. Length and weight data provide statistics Perciformes. African snakehead like other snakehead fishes is that are cornerstones in the foundation of fishery research and characterized by an elongated body, fusiform, sub cylindrical covered management. Anderson et al. [5] refer to length-weight data as basic with cycloid scales of medium size (Figure 1). It also has a flattened parameters for any monitoring study of fishes, since it provides head with large and protractile mouth. This fish is a natural inhabitant important information concerning the structures and function of of ponds, streams, rivers, lakes, lagoons, marshes, floodplains and population. In fishes, condition factor reflects through its variations creeks of swamps [1,2]. It is a voracious pelagic carnivore, a formidable and provides information on the physiological state of the fish in predator, a typical piscivorous, an insectivore and a consumer of relation to its welfare. crustaceans [3,4]. Parachanna obscura is an economically important fishery resource in Eleyele Lake. It is the most desirable fish species However, scientific concerns about the sustainability of the African sought after Gymnarchus niloticus, for food and commercial purposes snakehead populations have led to several studies of the population by majority of fishermen in Eleyele Reservoir. Also in recent times, it biology and distribution of P. obscura in inland water bodies of has got its entry into aquaculture and has been reported to be cultured Nigeria. Notable among these are the reports of [13] on reproductive in extensive farming in Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon and Democratic biology, length-weight relationship and condition factor in River [14] Republic of Congo [5-7], Ivory Coast [8]. on the biology from Anambra River [15] on some aspects of the reproductive biology in Itu-Cross river system and [16] on preliminary However, wild populations of this species has reportedly undergone study on the aspects of the biology in flood plain of the Enyonk creek, decline in range and abundance due to over-exploitation and Akwa-Ibom. There is dearth of information on growth pattern and degradation of their habitat [9,10]. Hence, due to economic well-being of P. obscura in Eleyele Reservoir. Hence, the absence of importance and concerns about their conservation, a detailed fishery data on this lake triggers the necessity to conduct this study. bionomic study was conducted for developing management measures The major objective of the study is to investigate the growth pattern for both aquaculture and wild fisheries. A better understanding of the and condition factor of P. obscura in Eleyele Reservior. Fish Aqua J, an open access journal Volume 8 • Issue 3 • 1000221 ISSN:2150-3508 Citation: Olanrewaju AN, Ajani EK, Kareem OKK, Orisasona O (2017) Length-weight Relationships and State of Well-being of Parachanna obscura Gunther1861, in Eleyele Reservoir, Southwestern Nigeria. Fish Aqua J 8: 221. doi:10.4172/2150-3508.1000221 Page 2 of 8 Figure 2: Map of Eleyele Reservoir with sampling distributions and land cover. Figure 1: African snakehead, Parachanna obscura. Fish sampling: 688 specimens of P. obscura comprising of 294 males and 394 females were collected from artisanal fishers and middlemen Materials and Methods at their landing sites during November, 2014 to October, 2016. Total length and weight of the fishes were recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm and 0.01 g respectively. Sex was determined by macroscopic examination of Study area the gonads. Total length was measured from the tip of the snout to the This study was carried out in Eleyele Reservoir in North-west Local tip of the longest ray in the caudal fin [18] while standard length was Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Eleyele Reservoir lies between measured from the tip of the snout to the caudal peduncle [19]. The the latitude of 7025' 0'' to 7026' 15'' N and longitude of 3050' 45'' to fish Standard length and Body weight ranged from 10.6 cm to 39.2 cm 3052' 15'' E (Figure 2). It has a storage capacity of 29.5 million litres and 15.3 g to 830.5 g, respectively. 2 [17] an altitude of 125 m and catchment area of 323.7 km (GKW, The method implied was followed to compute the length and weight 2003). A number of stream channels serve as recharge streams to the relationship. Accordingly, the length-weight relationship can be Eleyele wetland basin. Major portion of Reservoir is lately dominated expressed as: W=aLb, the logarithmic transformation of which gives by submerged and free floating macrophytes. The location is the well-known linear equation: log W=a+b log L. Where W and L are surrounded by Eleyele neighbourhood in the South, Apete in the East weight (g) and length (cm) of the fish respectively and ‘a’ and ‘b’ are and Awotan in the North. The occupation of the people includes two constants (initial growth index and regression constants fishing, farming, agro-processing, canoe construction, boat traffic, and respectively). Constant ‘a’ represents the points at which the regression trading. Also, there is presence of small scale industries around the line intercepts the y-axis and ‘b’ the slope of the regression line. The Lake and some of these are Car mechanic workshops, Concrete blocks relationship between length and weight was determined for males and industries, Palm-wine shops and horticultural gardens. Artisanal females separately by transforming the values of both variables to fishers within the Reservoir mainly exploit the fisheries using wooden/ logarithmic values and fitting a straight line by the method of least dug-out canoes ranging in size from 2.5 m to 5 m long, mostly paddle square. by one man. The fisher used a wide range of fishing gear such as hook and line, long line, cast nets, gill nets and traps. Condition factor K, a measure of the well-being or plumpness of fish was calculated according to the equation presented in Carlandar; K=W × 105/L3. Where W is the weight of the fish in grams and length is the total length of the fish in centimetres. The number 105 is scaling factor when metric units are used (i.e.
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