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Karimunjawa National Park Marine Ecotourism, Jepara, Indonesia

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Karimunjawa National Park Marine Ecotourism, Jepara, Indonesia INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 03, MARCH 2020 ISSN2277-8616 Sustainable Strategy: Karimunjawa National Park Marine Ecotourism, Jepara, Indonesia Fafurida Fafurida, Shanty Oktavilia, Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika Prajanti, Yoris Adi Maretta Abstract— Natural resource-based tourism frequently brings tradeoff in its development. The status of Karimunjawa Island as the National Park leads to consequence that the ecosystem in tourism area needs to be protected. The target setting of Karimunjawa tourists certainly brings potential negative environment impact, such as marine area contamination and coastal habitat destruction, and also harmful social impact, such as the disappearance of local identity, the change in its community’s economic and social structure. One aspect considered capable to bridge the tradeoff is education quality. The aims of research are as follows: (1) Analyzing the the potential ecotourism in Karimunjawa National Park; (2) Analyzing the sustainable tourism using the education-based tourism model through identifying the internal and external environment in Karimunjawa National Park. Those objectives are conducted by using the descriptive analysis, the IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Strategy) and the EFAS (External Factor Analysis Strategy). The result of research indicates that the educational aspect may become the strength and also the opportunity in developing Karimunjawa National Park Ecotourism. The weakness related to the educational quality is overcome by a strategy that utilizes the development opportunity of vocational education in tourism sector. Karimunjawa National Park has potential aspect that can be conducted and developed based on its potential ecology, its natural resources including fauna, the government’s support, the organization, and the society in supporting the facilities and infrastructure. Based on the internal factor analysis strategy (IFAS) and the external factor analysis strategy (EFAS), the aggressive strategy needs to be conducted by consistently growing the ecological spirit and the natural preservation since the early period in every level of education. It requires the massive education on the significance of ecosystem preservation to the tourism actors and the tourists either the domestic or foreign ones. The stakeholders’ support at the central and regional level has significant role, especially the policies that include the tourism and ecotourism education to the curriculum. The technology development is utilized to educate the society in line with the increase in market expectation on the clean and natural tourism destination and also on the back-to-nature lifestyle of the society. IndexTerms— ecotourism, edutourism, Karimunjawa, strategy, tourism. ———————————————————— 1 INTRODUCTION Karimunjawa National Park.The status as the National Park is Today tourism sector is moving in line with the needs of because besides being a tourism destination, Karimunjawa human life. The existence of tourism sector in the context of area has the wealth of marine ecosystem such as coral reefs, economy activity brings the multiplier effect to the growing of under-sea fauna, and mangrove forest, and also land other sectors. The better increase in economy and social ecosystem which preservation must be maintained. welfare makes tourism the principal part of the citizens’ needs Karimunjawa is one of some areas in Java Island having coral or lifestyle. The world society’s lifestyle drives the millions of reefs. Besides as the national park tourism area, Karimunjawa the world population to know the nature and culture of other is a giant laboratory for education and multi-disciplinary parts of the world. The population movement then moves the research studying the marine ecosystem. This makes the economic chain relating to each other to be service industry tradeoff in developing the tourism in Karimunjawa, because giving significant contribution to the world economy, the besides having economic function (the increase in the number nations’ economy, and the economy welfare increase in the of tourists and the income in tourism sector), it also has local community level. Karimunjawa National Park is the ecological function that needs to be a concern. The trade off cluster of islands amounted 22 islands located in Java Sea between the two functions becomes the problem of its own. with the width of areas amounted 111,625 Ha. It is Related to the natural-based tourism development, some geographically located between 5o40’39’- 5o55’00’LS and research on ecotourism concept have been taken since the 110o05’57‖-110o31’15’ BT. It is administratively included inthe 1970s, when a critique on tourism development’s impact on area of Karimunjawa District, Jepara Regency, Central Java, natural and environment destruction appeared. The tourism having 9,379 populations (BPS, 2018). More than 80% of the activity, especially the mass tourism, is considerd as one population depend on the natural resources as their instrument to exploit the nature and environment (Mowforth & livelihood, either as the fishermen or the tourist actors. The Munt, 2003; Doan, 2000). The impact arising due to the mass location of Karimunjawa Nation Park is 45 nautical miles from tourism is the change leading to destruction in tourism area, Jepara city or 60 miles from Semarang. Karimunjawa Area and also the social, economy, and social cultural impacts. previously is the Marine Sanctuary area based on the Decree The definition of ecotourism has experienced development of the Minister of Forestry No. 123/Kpts-II/1986 dated 9 April from time to time. The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) 1986. Then through the Letter of the Minister of Forestry defines ecotourism as a journey to natural area and being No.161/Menhut-II/1988 dated 23 February 1988, the area is responsible to keep preserving the environment and stated as the National Park. After that, through the Ministrial supporting the local social welfare (Koens, et.al., 2009). More Decree of the Minister of Forestry No.78/ Kpts-II/1999, dated detailed definition by World Conservation Union (1996) is that 22 February 1999, it is determined as a national park entitled ecotourism is defined as a tourism journey and a visit to the ———————————————— nature relatively not disturbing the surrounding environment, Fafurida Fafurida, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia. aiming at enjoying and appreciating the natural beauty (and E-mail: [email protected] the cultural wealth in that area – either the culture of the past Shanty Oktavilia, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia. and the present), and also imposing conservation, giving low Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika Prajanti, Universitas Negeri Semarang, negative impact from the visitors’ side, and giving a media for Indonesia. Yoris Adi Maretta, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia. the local community to actively involved in the social economy side that later will give benefit to the local community. Higham (2007) defines ecotourism more comprehensively, by viewing 3234 IJSTR©2020 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 03, MARCH 2020 ISSN2277-8616 tourism as an inspiration of local natural history as the original result of interview and quesionnaire with people competent in culture; ecotourism is an activity of visiting some areas that their own field and adjusted to the condition in the field. are relatively not developed yet in the spirit of appreciating, The determination of internal strategy factor is conducted by: admiring, and participating in giving sensitivity to the wild First, determining the factors to be the strength and weakness animal preservation and non consumptive natural of the ecotourism development activity in Karimunjawa. resources.Through those activities, ecotourism will give Second, giving weight to each factor in accordance with its contribution to the regions by increasing the employment, levels of importance or benefit. The weight produced by the infrastructure, financial means directly contributing to the site average of the level of benefit of each factor is divided by the conservation and the economy welfare to the local community average number of utilization level of all factors then (Saptutyningsih, E., & Selviana, R, 2017; Rani, M., & multiplied by 100%. The number of all weights must be 100% Wulandari, D, 2018). Ecotourism focuses on three main items or 1.00. Third, calculating the rating or the conformity value for those are: natural sustainability or ecology, education, and each factor based on the response of the educational sustainability (Koens et.al., 2009; Zeppel, 2006 & Fennell, indicator factors to the ecotourism development in 2008). Thus, ecotourism directly gives access to everyone to Karimunjawa (value 5 = very appropriate, 4 = appropriate, 3 = see, know, and enjoy the natural experience, intellectuality, appropriate enough, 2 = inappropriate, 1 = very and local community culture. In this concept, ecotourism is a inappropriate). Fourth, determining the weighing score by sustainable tourism concept driven through education. The multiplying the weight with the rating of each factor. The main focus of this study is sustainable tourism development detemination of external strategy factor and the analysis step strategy through the tourism actor education. The natural are conducted by the same method on the determination of resource preservation and the natural-based tourism location internal strategy
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