Multiple Mating in the Context of Interspecific Hybridization Between
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Trofička Niša Mirmekofagnog Predatora Tijekom Ontogenetičkog Razvoja
Trofička niša mirmekofagnog predatora tijekom ontogenetičkog razvoja Gajski, Domagoj Master's thesis / Diplomski rad 2019 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:211948 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-09-26 Repository / Repozitorij: Repository of Faculty of Science - University of Zagreb University of Zagreb Faculty of Science Department of Biology Domagoj Gajski Trophic niche of an ant-eating predator during its ontogenetic development Graduation Thesis Zagreb, 2019. This thesis was made during an internship at the Masaryk University (Brno, Czech Republic) under the supervision of Prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D. and Assoc. Prof. Dr. sc. Damjan Franjević from University of Zagreb, and submitted for evaluation to the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb in order to acquire the title Master of molecular biology. I would first like to thank my thesis advisors Prof. dr. mgr. Stanislav Pekar and dr. mgr. Lenka Petrakova of the arachnological lab at the Masaryk University. The door to their offices was always open whenever I ran into questions about my research or writing. They consistently allowed this paper to be my own work but steered me in the right direction whenever they thought I needed it. I would like to thank all the co-workers at the arachnological lab, that made each day of work more interesting by losing their spiders in the lab. They somehow always landed on my work desk. -
Range Expansion in an Introduced Social Parasite-Host Species Pair Abstract Keywords
1 Range expansion in an introduced social parasite-host species pair 2 Jackson A. Helms IV1*, Selassie E. Ijelu2, Nick M. Haddad1 3 1 Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 3700 E Gull 4 Lake Dr, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA 5 2 University of Saint Francis, 2701 Spring St, Fort Wayne, IN 46808, USA 6 * Corresponding author: orcid.org/0000-0001-6709-6770, [email protected] 7 Abstract 8 Dispersal in social parasites is constrained by the presence of suitable host populations, limiting 9 opportunities for rapid range expansion. For this reason, although hundreds of ant species have 10 expanded their ranges through human transport, few obligate social parasites have done so. We 11 test the hypothesis that social parasites expand their ranges more slowly than their hosts by 12 examining the spread of an introduced social parasite-host species pair in North America—the 13 workerless ant Tetramorium atratulum and the pavement ant T. immigrans. In doing so we 14 report a new range extension of T. atratulum in the interior US. Consistent with host limitation 15 on dispersal, we found a time lag ranging from several years to over a century between the 16 arrivals of the host and parasite to a new region. The estimated maximum rate of range 17 expansion in the parasite was only a third as fast as that of the host. We suggest that relative to 18 free-living social insects, social parasites may be less able to rapidly shift their ranges in 19 response to changes in habitat or climate. -
Pavement Ants (Tetramorium Immigrans Santschi) Ryan S
Published by Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory ENT-219-20 June 2020 Pavement Ants (Tetramorium immigrans Santschi) Ryan S. Davis, Arthropod Diagnostician • Lori Spears, Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey Coordinator • Austin Taylor, Entomology Assistant Quick Facts • Pavement ants are the most common pest ant in and around structures in Utah. • Worker pavement ants are all the same size and have only one queen. • Pavement ants feed on many foods, but prefer sweet and greasy foods. • Occasionally, pavement ants will injure plants. • Indoor problems with pavement ants are worst in spring and early summer. • Indoors, manage pavement ants using baits coupled with habitat modification, cleaning, Fig. 1. (left) Swarm of pavement ant workers in spring (Ryan proper food storage, and exclusion. Davis, Utah State University). Fig. 2. (right) Two workers fighting • Outside, use habitat modification, exclusion, (Ryan Davis, Utah State University). bait, and residual/nonresidual insecticides to manage pavement ants. or structure. They are attracted indoors by food, garbage and moisture, or swarm indoors when they nest in or near foundation cracks or voids. Pavement ants can also be abundant in gardens, and occasionally injure plants. They INTRODUCTION are found throughout the U.S. from the West Coast to the Pavement ants (Formicidae, Tetramorium immigrans) are Northeast. northern Utah’s most common pest ant in and around homes and structures. Until recently, the pavement IDENTIFICATION ant’s scientific name was Tetramorium caespitum, but recent genetic work has clarified that our common pest Pavement ants are most commonly recognized by their Tetramorium species in the U.S. is from Europe and has habit of gathering in large groups near cracks in the been given the name T. -
Diversity and Organization of the Ground Foraging Ant Faunas of Forest, Grassland and Tree Crops in Papua New Guinea
- - -- Aust. J. Zool., 1975, 23, 71-89 Diversity and Organization of the Ground Foraging Ant Faunas of Forest, Grassland and Tree Crops in Papua New Guinea P. M. Room Department of Agriculture, Stock and Fisheries, Papua New Guinea; present address: Cotton Research Unit, CSIRO, P.M.B. Myallvale Mail Run, Narrabri, N.S.W. 2390. Abstract Thirty samples of ants were taken in each of seven habitats: primary forest, rubber plantation, coffee plantation, oilpalm plantation, kunai grassland, eucalypt savannah and urban grassland. Sixty samples were taken in cocoa plantations. A total of 156 species was taken, and the frequency of occurrence of each in each habitat is given. Eight stenoecious species are suggested as habitat indicators. Habitats fell into a series according to the similarity of their ant faunas: forest, rubber and coffee, cocoa and oilpalm, kunai and savannah, urban. This series represents an artificial, discontinuous succession from a complex stable ecosystem to a simple unstable one. Availability of species suitably preadapted to occupy habitats did not appear to limit species richness. Habitat heterogeneity and stability as affected by human interference did seem to account for inter-habitat variability in species richness. Species diversity was compared between habitats using four indices: Fisher et al.; Margalef; Shannon; Brillouin. Correlation of diversity index with habitat hetero- geneity plus stability was good for the first two, moderate for Shannon, and poor for Brillouin. Greatest diversity was found in rubber, the penultimate in the series of habitats according to hetero- geneity plus stability ('maturity'). Equitability exceeded the presumed maximum in rubber, and was close to the maximum in all habitats. -
The Coexistence
Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8 181 - 191 Wien, September 2006 Tetramorium pacificum MAYR, 1870, T. scabrum MAYR, 1879 sp.rev., T. manobo (CALILUNG, 2000) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) – three good species Birgit C. SCHLICK-STEINER, Florian M. STEINER & Herbert ZETTEL Abstract By combining morphological and molecular analyses we scrutinize the taxonomic status of selected ant species of the Tetramorium bicarinatum (NYLANDER, 1846) species group. We confirm Apomyrmex manobo CALILUNG, 2000 as a member of the genus Tetramorium, and evaluate whether T. manobo and T. scabrum MAYR, 1879, which currently is a junior synonym of T. pacificum MAYR, 1870, are specifically distinct from T. pacificum. Morphometry shows clear differences between workers of the three ants. Sequence comparison of 700 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene confirms that they constitute separate species, embedded in the T. bicarinatum species group. Thus, we confirm T. manobo as a valid species and revive T. scabrum sp.rev. from synonymy. Pronounced morphological variation between T. scabrum populations indicates the possible existence of more than one species. We discuss our findings in terms of plesiomorphy and / or convergent evolution of worker morphology. Tetramorium manobo appears to be a Philippine endemic restricted to the subregion "Greater Mindanao", where it inhabits forest habitats. In contrast, on the Philippines T. pacificum is found only in disturbed habitats. Additionally, we review the ants of the T. bicarinatum group currently known from the Philippines and add the first record of T. obtusidens VIEHMEYER, 1916. Key words: Tetramorium bicarinatum group, Tetramorium pacificum, Tetramorium scabrum, Tetramorium manobo, Tetramorium obtusidens, Oriental region, Indo-Australian region, morphometry, mitochondrial DNA, taxonomy. -
The Organization of Societal Conflicts by Pavement Ants Tetramorium
Current Zoology, 2016, 62(3), 277–284 doi: 10.1093/cz/zow041 Advance Access Publication Date: 4 April 2016 Article Article The organization of societal conflicts by pavement ants Tetramorium caespitum: an agent-based model of amine-mediated Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/cz/article-abstract/62/3/277/2897747 by guest on 08 December 2019 decision making a a,b a Kevin M. HOOVER , Andrew N. BUBAK , Isaac J. LAW , c c a Jazmine D. W. YAEGER , Kenneth J. RENNER , John G. SWALLOW , and a,* Michael J. GREENE aDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA, bNeuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, and cDepartment of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA *Address correspondence to Michael J. Greene. E-mail: [email protected]. Received on 27 December 2015; accepted on 2 March 2016 Abstract Ant colonies self-organize to solve complex problems despite the simplicity of an individual ant’s brain. Pavement ant Tetramorium caespitum colonies must solve the problem of defending the ter- ritory that they patrol in search of energetically rich forage. When members of 2 colonies randomly interact at the territory boundary a decision to fight occurs when: 1) there is a mismatch in nest- mate recognition cues and 2) each ant has a recent history of high interaction rates with nestmate ants. Instead of fighting, some ants will decide to recruit more workers from the nest to the fighting location, and in this way a positive feedback mediates the development of colony wide wars. -
Tetramorium Immigrans Santschi, 1927 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Nowy Gatunek Potencjalnie Inwazyjnej Mrówki W Polsce
Acta entomologica silesiana Vol. 26: (online 002): 1–5 ISSN 1230-7777, ISSN 2353-1703 (online) Bytom, February 8, 2018 Tetramorium immigrans SANTSCHI, 1927 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) nowy gatunek potencjalnie inwazyjnej mrówki w Polsce http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1169156 LECH BOROWIEC1, SEBASTIAN SALATA2 1, 2 Katedra Bioróżnorodności i Taksonomii Ewolucyjnej, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Przybyszewskiego 65, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland e-mail: 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] ABSTRACT. Tetramorium immigrans SANTSCHI, 1927 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) a new species of potentially invasive ant in fauna of Poland. Occurrence of Tetramorium immigrans SANTSCHI, 1927 in Poland is discussed. This potentially invasive ant is known only from urban area of Wrocław city (SW Poland, Lower Silesia) where is very common in anthropogenic, denuded of plants areas, like pavements, concrete car parks or dried artificial hills with rare vegetation and pebbly ground. Localities in Wrocław are northernmost in Europe for this species. KEY WORDS: faunistics, invasive ant, Lower Silesia. WSTĘP Mrówki (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) są grupą owadów często przenoszonych przez człowieka i łatwo adoptujących się do odmiennych środowisk. Stąd duża liczba gatunków zawleczonych i inwazyjnych, zwłaszcza w rejonach ciepłych, subtropikalnych i tropikalnych. Część z tych gatunków w krajach o borealnym klimacie utrzymuje się tylko w magazynach, szklarniach lub ciepłych pomieszczeniach w ogrodach zoologicznych. W faunie Polski notowano do tej pory 7 gatunków zawleczonych, z których 4 mają stale utrzymujące się populacje: Hypoponera ergatandria (FOREL, 1893), Lasius neglectus (VAN LOON, BOOMSMA et ANDRASFAlvY, 1990), Monomorium pharaonis (LINNAEUS, 1758) i Tetramorium insolens (SMITH, 1861). Tylko Lasius neglectus jest notowany spoza zamkniętych pomieszczeń, z kolonii występujących w środowisku miejskim Warszawy (CZECHOWSKI et al. -
The Ant Genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy Region—Introduction, Definition of Species Groups, and Revision of the T
Zootaxa 3039: 1–72 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) ZOOTAXA 3039 The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region—introduction, definition of species groups, and revision of the T. bicarinatum, T. obesum, T. sericeiventre and T. tosii species groups FRANCISCO HITA GARCIA1 & BRIAN L. FISHER2 Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San, Francisco, CA 94118, U.S.A. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author) 2 [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by J. Longino: 7 Jun. 2011; published: 22 Sep. 2011 FRANCISCO HITA GARCIA & BRIAN L. FISHER The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region—introduction, definition of species groups, and revision of the T. bicarinatum, T. obesum, T. sericeiventre and T. tosii species groups (Zootaxa 3039) 72 pp.; 30 cm. 22 Sep. 2011 ISBN 978-1-86977-767-8 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-768-5 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2011 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2011 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. -
Producer Grant Program
Farmer Rancher Grant Program Final Report Form PROJECT IDENTIFICATION Name: Steve Tennes Address: 4648 Otto Road City, State, Zip Code: Charlotte, MI 48813 Phone: 571-543-1019 Project Title: Integrating Bats into Organic Pest Management Project Number: FNC09-755 Project Duration: two years Date of Report: 2013 PROJECT BACKGROUND Country Mill Farms is a 120-acre, fruit and vegetable farm with a farm market that offers “family fun on the farm.” Apple and pumpkins are the major cash crops. We also grow peaches, farm products directly to the consumer. Over the last three years we have made a major effort to make our farm sustainable and energy independent. We now use our apple prunings along with pressed canola seeds (canola cake) to heat our farm market. For the past two years, half of our orchard has been certified organic. We have several experiments going on in the orchard in order to reduce off farm inputs. One example is the use of legumes like white and red clover planted in the tree rows to fix nitrogen that is then incorporated beneath the apple trees. This practice now provides 100 percent of the fertility needs of our trees. We do have an organic orchard that has no synthetic pesticides being used since 2005. This orchard uses insect traps as a primary form of control for Plum Curculio. Furthermore pheromone mating disruption is the primary form of control for codling and oriental fruit moths since 2006. Finally, we have established native flowering plants to increase native pollinators and beneficial insects since 2008. PROJECT DESCRIPTION GOALS: a) Determine whether the addition of bat houses (artificial habitat) to apple orchards increases bat activity. -
Habitat and Species Identity, Not Diversity, Predict the Extent of Refuse Consumption by Urban Arthropods
Global Change Biology Global Change Biology (2015) 21, 1103–1115, doi: 10.1111/gcb.12791 Habitat and species identity, not diversity, predict the extent of refuse consumption by urban arthropods ELSA YOUNGSTEADT1 , RYANNA C. HENDERSON1 *, AMY M. SAVAGE2 , ANDREW F. ERNST1 ,ROBERTR.DUNN2 and STEVEN D. FRANK 1 1Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA, 2Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA Abstract Urban green spaces provide ecosystem services to city residents, but their management is hindered by a poor under- standing of their ecology. We examined a novel ecosystem service relevant to urban public health and esthetics: the consumption of littered food waste by arthropods. Theory and data from natural systems suggest that the magnitude and resilience of this service should increase with biological diversity. We measured food removal by presenting known quantities of cookies, potato chips, and hot dogs in street medians (24 sites) and parks (21 sites) in New York City, USA. At the same sites, we assessed ground-arthropod diversity and abiotic conditions, including history of flooding during Hurricane Sandy 7 months prior to the study. Arthropod diversity was greater in parks (on average 11 hexapod families and 4.7 ant species per site), than in medians (nine hexapod families and 2.7 ant species per site). However, counter to our diversity-based prediction, arthropods in medians removed 2–3 times more food per day than did those in parks. We detected no effect of flooding (at 19 sites) on this service. Instead, greater food removal was associated with the presence of the introduced pavement ant (Tetramorium sp. -
Functional Response and the Effects of Insecticidal Seed Treatment on the Soybean Aphid Parasitoid, Binodoxys Communis
Functional response and the effects of insecticidal seed treatment on the soybean aphid parasitoid, Binodoxys communis. A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY MEGAN E CARTER IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE Advisor: Dr. George Heimpel August 2013 © MEGAN E CARTER 2013 Acknowledgements There are so many people who have helped me get to this point in my career. I first, would like to thank my advisor, Dr. George Heimpel for his patience and guidance and for making me the scientist I am today. I would also like to thank my committee members, Dr. Ian MacRae and Dr. Seth Neave for their time and input along the way. I am also so thankful for Dr. Mark Asplen and all of his time and energy, and for taking me under his wing and guiding me through this entire process. Thanks as well, to Dr. Julie Peterson for always finding a way to make her comments on papers seem so cheery. Thank you to the entire Heimpel lab; Dr. Christine Dieckhoff, Dr. Thelma Heidel- Baker, Joe Kaser, Matt Kaiser, Emily Mohl, and Jonathan Dregni, for providing such a supportive working environment. If I ever needed anything, I knew I could always count on you. Thank you also to the undergraduate students that counted aphids and washed dishes day in and day out: Trevor Christensen, Logan Fees, Emily Paulus and Chris Rezac. I would like to thank my funding agencies; Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council as well as the North Central Soybean Research Program. -
Exotic Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Ohio
JHR 51: 203–226 (2016) Exotic ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Ohio 203 doi: 10.3897/jhr.51.9135 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://jhr.pensoft.net Exotic ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Ohio Kaloyan Ivanov1 1 Department of Recent Invertebrates, Virginia Museum of Natural History, 21 Starling Ave., Martinsville, VA 24112, USA Corresponding author: Kaloyan Ivanov ([email protected]) Academic editor: Jack Neff | Received 9 May 2016 | Accepted 30 June 2016 | Published 29 August 2016 http://zoobank.org/DB4AA574-7B14-4544-A501-B9A8FA1F0C93 Citation: Ivanov K (2016) Exotic ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Ohio. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 203–226. doi: 10.3897/jhr.51.9135 Abstract The worldwide transfer of plants and animals outside their native ranges is an ever increasing problem for global biodiversity. Ants are no exception and many species have been transported to new locations often with profound negative impacts on local biota. The current study is based on data gathered since the publication of the “Ants of Ohio” in 2005. Here I expand on our knowledge of Ohio’s myrmecofauna by contributing new records, new distributional information and natural history notes. The list presented here contains 10 species with origins in a variety of geographic regions, including South America, Eu- rope, Asia, and Indo-Australia. Two distinct groups of exotics, somewhat dissimilar in their geographic origin, occur in Ohio: a) 3 species of temperate Eurasian origin that have established reproducing outdoor populations; and b) 7 tropical tramp species currently confined to man-made structures. OnlyNylanderia flavipes (Smith, 1874) is currently seen to be of concern although its effects on local ant communities ap- pear to be restricted largely to already disturbed habitats.