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Goh Shou Xian Has Been the Assistant Manager, Policy Division at the Land Transport Authority Since 2011

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Goh Shou Xian Has Been the Assistant Manager, Policy Division at the Land Transport Authority Since 2011 Name: Goh Shou Xian Organization: Land Transport Authority of Singapore Title/Position: Assistant Manager, Policy Division Email: [email protected] Goh Shou Xian has been the Assistant Manager, Policy Division at the Land Transport Authority since 2011. He is involved in private transport policy formulaon and his work focuses on vehicle ownership and usage policies, as well as policies relang to land transport emissions. The Land Transport Authority (LTA) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Transport that spearheads land transport developments in Singapore. 'To provide an efficient and cost-effecEve land transport system for different needs' is our mission statement. 1 Internaonal Forum on Economic Policies for Traffic CongesEon and Tailpipe Emissions Control Electronic Road Pricing in Singapore: Policy, Technology and Impact GOH, Shou Xian Land Transport Authority, Singapore 2 Singapore’s Land Transport Master Plan 2013 • ConEnues 2008 Master Plan’s focus of shiXing more trips to public transport, especially rail-based transport ̶ Aim of 75 percent of trips during morning and evening peak hours to be made on public transport by year 2030 • 3 key strategic thrusts: ̶ More connecEons ̶ Beer service ̶ Liveable & inclusive community 3 Singapore’s Land Transport Master Plan 2013 • At the same Eme, we aim to reduce reliance on private transport by managing road travel demand: Ownership Usage Control Restraint • Vehicle Quota System • Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) • AddiEonal Registraon Fee • Off-Peak Car scheme • Other ownership costs • Petrol duty - Excise duty • Parking policies - Road tax 4 Key Road Network StaBsBcs Land area - 715.8 sq km Road network - 3,425 km Expressway network - 161 km Vehicle populaon - 972,676 Car populaon - 607,104 • 12% of land is used for roads compared to 15% for housing 5 History of Road Pricing in Singapore IntroducEon of IntroducEon of Area Licensing Scheme (ALS) Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) Now 1975 1998 6 Area Licensing Scheme (ALS) • Introduced in Central Business District (CBD) in 1975 ̶ Cordon-based ̶ Motorists required to purchase license to enter Restricted Zone (RZ) ̶ Reduces congesEon in CBD ̶ Volume of cars entering CBD decreased by 44% during 1st year of implementaon • However, ALS required high manpower resources and lacked flexibility 7 Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) • Introduced in 1998 to replace Area Licensing Scheme ̶ Caters to changing traffic paerns • Aims to change driving behaviour and reduce congesEon ̶ ERP is not intended to generate revenue for the Government • Cordon-based and point-based ̶ Cordon-charging in 3 cordons: Bugis-Marina Centre Cordon, Shenton Way-Chinatown Cordon, Orchard Cordon ̶ Point-charging along expressways and arterial roads 8 Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) • ERP rates are determined based on local traffic condiEons and Eme ̶ 85th percenEle speed measurement method ̶ Reviewed every 3 months 45 km/h 65 km/h Expressways Increase rate OpEmal Speed Range Decrease rate Increase rate OpEmal Speed Range Decrease rate Arterial Roads 20 km/h 30 km/h 9 Maintaining Efficiency on Roads • ERP maintains opEmal speed range on expressways & arterial roads ̶ Rates are adjusted to keep traffic within Level of Service (LOS) E 10 Gantry 2 CopyrightGantry © 2012 Land Transport1 Authority Controller Housing Gantry 2 Antenna Vehicle Detector Line Detector Array Detector Strip Copyright © 2012 Land Transport Authority DSRC Antenna Copyright © 2012 Land Transport Authority Enforcement Camera Strobe light Camera Copyright © 2012 Land Transport Authority Central Control System 24/7 operaons: • Monitors equipments • Processes financial transacEons • Enforcement of violaons 15 EXPRESSWAY KAYU JALAN AVE CHU UPPER Sungei KANG THOMSON EXPRESSWAY Lo w e r Serangoon PANJANG EXPRESSWAY BUKIT Peirce ROAD ROAD PUNGGOL EXPRESSWAY Reservoir KIO RD YIO ANG UPP MO KANG ROAD ROAD 3 MO KIO ROAD BUKIT Uppe r Peirc e ANG ROAD HOUGANG Reservoir AVE 2 BATOK UPP CTE TAMPINES BUKIT THOMSON TIMAH SERANGOON CENTRAL 3 BKE bef PIE EXP N CTE (after AMK AveUP 1) RESS MacRitchie RD P ER Reservoir AVE WAY EXPRESSWAY PAYA ROAD UPPER ROAD LEBARKPE PAN-ISLAND HOUGANG LORNIE ROAD RD THOMSON Northbound CTE EUNOS LINK RT PO COMMONWEALTH DUNEARN Thomson Rd CTE (Braddell) AIR BUKIT RD PIE (Adam) ROAD ROAD WHITLEY ROAD ROAD RD CTE (Serangoon) BendemeerMACPHERSON Rd PAN-ISLAND CLEMENTI ROAD JLN TOA AVE 6 PAYOH JLN PIE (Woodsville F/O) ADAM PIE PIE (Whitley) PAYA LEBAR WAY AYER Outer Ring Road Northbound CTE KO PIE HOLLAND PIE (Bendemeer slip road) EAST ROAD L AM BUKIT EXPRESSWAY AYER (before EunosAVENUE Link) ROAD WEST RD CTE (Balestier) SIMS ROAD Dunearn Road TIMAH COAST CHANGI STILL RD Pandan PIE slip road AVENUE Reservoir AVE Kallang RoadSIMS ROAD FARRER to CTE ROAD SCOTTS GEYLANG ROAD ROAD COAST BUROH MOUN RD PARADE ROAD SERANGOON TB ORCHARD A T EAST RAJAH STREET T COAST E QUEENSWAY PENJURU N MARINE RD # ROAD ZION ECP WEST *Orchard Bugis- AYE Marina (Fort Road) EAST ECP Cordon VICTORIA CLEMENTI Centre RD COAST Cordon Ophir Road KPE to JURONG ECP(City) CENTRAL BUONA HIGHWAY ROAD AYE JLN BUKIT ALEXAN EXPRESSWAY Shenton Way VISTA MERAH - Chinatown *Orchard Cordon TERUMBU DRA Cordon RETAN PASIR with effect from 3 Oct 2005 ECP LA U T PANJANG RD (Marina Blvd) # ROAD TELOK Bugis-Marina Centre Cordon BLA NGAH with effect from 7 Jul 2008 KEPPEL ROAD ROAD PULAU RENGGIS PULAU BRAN I SELAT PANDAN SeOng of ERP Charges • Charges vary by vehicle type, locaon of gantry, Eme of day ̶ Ranges from SGD 0.50 to SGD 6 for cars per pass ̶ Total of 71 gantries (32 gantries serving expressways and arterial roads, 29 gantries serving 3 cordons) ̶ Rates are graduated to prevent motorists from speeding/slowing to avoid charges • Charges are set based on Passenger Car Unit (PCU) principle ̶ Vehicles which take up more road space pay more for congesEon ̶ Cars have a PCU of 1 17 Examples of ERP Charges 18 ERP OperaBng Hours • Bugis-Marina Centre Cordon (9 gantries) ̶ 8 am to 10 am, 12 pm to 8 pm on weekdays & 12.30 pm to 8 pm on Saturdays • Shenton Way-Chinatown Cordon (11 gantries) ̶ 8 am to 10 am, 12 pm to 8 pm on weekdays • Orchard Cordon (9 gantries) ̶ 12 pm to 8 pm on weekdays, 12.30 pm to 8 pm on Saturdays • Expressways & arterial roads (32 gantries) ̶ 7 am to 9.30 am (5.30 pm to 8 pm for ECP and CTE) on weekdays 19 IntroducBon of Evening and Weekend ERP • August 2005 – ERP extended to manage evening peak hour congesEon for home-bound trips ̶ CongesEon causes externaliEes, regardless of the Eme • October 2005 – Orchard Cordon introduced, with ERP on weekdays and Saturdays ̶ Aim is to reduce through traffic in Orchard corridor 20 Modes of Payment for ERP Charges • NETS CashCard • Contactless E-Purse Applicaon Standard (CEPAS) ̶ Naonal standard for Contactless Smart Card (CSC) ̶ Card can be used on public transport, ERP, parking charges and at parEcipang retail merchants • Cardless payment ̶ Automac billing via credit card ̶ Motorists need not perform credit top-ups or worry about violaons 21 In-Vehicle Unit (IU) • 6 different types of IU: ̶ Allows variable pricing for different types of vehicles • Current 2nd generaon IU is compable with both NETS CashCard and CEPAS card ̶ Improvement over 1st generaon IU which is compable with only NETS CashCard 22 ImplementaBon Process for ERP (1998) • Policy changes ̶ Lower vehicle tax rates ̶ Road tax rebates ̶ Reducing impact for commercial vehicles • Fing of In-Vehicle Unit • Publicity • TesEng for motorists 23 Impact of ERP • Between 1998 and 2012, traffic volume to CBD increased only by 0.8% p.a. despite an increase in vehicle populaon of 3% p.a. 24 Future of Road Pricing in Singapore • Singapore is studying next generaon ERP: ̶ System Evaluaon Test (SET) to idenEfy suitable technology ̶ Use of Global PosiEoning System (GPS) allows us more flexibility and makes possible distance-based road pricing 25 Summary • Pricing strategy should be flexible and relevant • ConEnue to shiX more trips to public transport, especially rail-based transport • Manage car-based travel demand , through car ownership and usage restraint measures ̶ ERP is a key policy tool for restraining usage and complements other policy tools 26 Thank You! 27 .
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